A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Features and Benefits Description • Chopper stabilization for stable switchpoints throughout operating temperature range • Externally programmable: ▫ Operate point (through the VCC pin) ▫ Output polarity ▫ Output fall time for reduced EMI in automotive applications • On-board voltage regulator for 3 to 24 V operation • On-chip protection against: ▫ Supply transients ▫ Output short-circuits ▫ Reverse battery condition The A1128 is a field-programmable, unipolar Hall-effect switch designed for use in high-temperature applications. This device uses a chopper-stabilization technique to eliminate offset inherent in single-element devices. The devices are externally programmable. A wide range of programmability is available on the magnetic operate point, BOP , while the hysteresis remains fixed. This advanced feature allows optimization of the sensor IC switchpoint and can drastically reduce the effects of mechanical placement tolerances found in end-use production environments. A proprietary dynamic offset cancellation technique, with an internal high-frequency clock, reduces the residual offset voltage, which is normally caused by device overmolding, temperature dependencies, and thermal stress. Having the Hall element and amplifier in a single chip minimizes many problems normally associated with low-level analog signals. Packages: 3-pin SIP (suffix UA) and 3-pin SOT89 (suffix LT) Two package styles provide a magnetically optimized package for most applications. Type LT is a miniature SOT89/TO-243AA surface mount package that is thermally enhanced with an exposed ground tab, and type UA is a three-lead ultramini SIP for through-hole mounting. The packages are lead (Pb) free, with 100% matte tin plated leadframes. Not to scale Functional Block Diagram V+ Regulator To All Subcircuits VCC Trim Control TC Trim Switchpoint Dynamic Offset Cancellation VOUT CBYPASS Amp Signal Recovery Output Fall Time Program Control Output Polarity GND A1128-DS, Rev. 1 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Selection Guide Part Number Packing* Package A1128LLTTR-T 7-in. reel, 1000 pieces/reel 3-pin SOT89/TO-243 surface mount A1128LUA-T Bulk, 500 pieces/bag 3-pin SIP through hole *Contact Allegro™ for additional packaging options. Absolute Maximum Ratings Characteristic Symbol Rating Unit 28 V VRCC –18 V VOUT 26.5 V Forward Supply Voltage VCC Reverse Supply Voltage Forward Output Voltage Reverse Output Voltage Output Sink Current Notes VROUT IOUT(SINK) VCC to VOUT V 20 mA Operating Ambient Temperature TA –40 to 150 ºC Maximum Junction Temperature TJ(max) 165 ºC Tstg –65 to 170 ºC Storage Temperature L temperature range –0.7 Pin-out Diagrams 1 2 3 1 2 3 VCC GND VOUT VCC GND VOUT Terminal List Table LT Package Number Name Function 1 VCC Input power supply 2 GND Ground 3 VOUT Output signal UA Package Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 2 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS Valid with TA = –40°C to 150°C, CBYPASS = 0.1 μF, VCC = 12 V, unless otherwise noted Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Supply Voltage VCC Supply Current ICC 3 12 24 V No load on VOUT – – 5.5 mA Supply Zener Clamp Voltage VZSUPPLY TA = 25°C, ICC = ICC(max) + 3 mA 28 – – V Output Zener Clamp Voltage VZOUTPUT IOUT = 3 mA 28 – – V – – -18 V VCC = –18 V –5 – – mA – 400 – kHz TA = 25°C; CLOAD (PROBE) = 10 pF – – 30 μs POL = 0; B < BRP , t > ton – High – – POL = 1; B < BRP , t > ton – Low – – IOUT = 20 mA – 175 400 mV Reverse Battery Zener VRCC Reverse Battery Current IRCC Chopping Frequency fC POWER-ON CHARACTERISTICS Power-On Time tPO Power-On State2 POS OUTPUT STAGE CHARACTERISTICS Output Saturation Voltage Output Leakage Current VOUT(sat) IOFF Output Current Limit IOUT(lim) Output Rise Time3,4 tr Output Fall Time4 tf VOUT = 24 V; Switch state = Off – – 10 μA Short-Circuit Protection, Output = On 30 – 90 mA VCC = 12 V, RLOAD = 820 Ω, CLOAD = 10 pF – – 2 μs VCC = 12 V, RLOAD = 2 kΩ, CLOAD = 4.7 nF – 21 – μs FALL = 0, VCC = 12 V, RLOAD = 820 Ω, CLOAD = 10 pF – – 2 μs FALL = 1, VCC = 12 V, RLOAD = 2 kΩ, CLOAD = 4.7 nF – 6.5 – μs FALL = 2, VCC = 12 V, RLOAD = 2 kΩ, CLOAD = 4.7 nF – 10 – μs FALL = 3, VCC = 12 V, RLOAD = 2 kΩ, CLOAD = 4.7 nF – 12.5 – μs POL = 0 Output Polarity2 POL POL = 1 Continued on the next page… B > BOP – Low – – B < BRP – High – – B > BOP – High – – B < BRP – Low – – V+ VOUT(High) % 100 90 10 0 VOUT(Low) tr tf Rise Time and Fall Time Definitions Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 3 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Valid with TA = –40°C to 150°C, CBYPASS = 0.1 μF, VCC = 12 V, unless otherwise noted Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit1 – –35 – G MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS valid VCC = 3 to 24 V, TJ ≤ TJ(max), unless otherwise noted Pre-Programming BOP Target BOPinit Switchpoint Thermal Drift5 ΔBOP Hysteresis Bhys TA = 25°C, BOPPOL = 0 TA = 25°C, BOPPOL = 1 – 35 – G LT package, BOP = ±650 G –0.14 –0.03 0.08 %/°C UA package, BOP = ±650 G –0.08 0.00 0.08 %/°C 5 15 30 G BOP - BRP PROGRAMMING CHARACTERISTICS Switchpoint Magnitude Selection Bits BitBOPSEL – 8 – Bit Switchpoint Polarity Bits BitBOPPOL – 1 – Bit BitPOL – 1 – Bit Fall Time Bits BitFALL – 2 – Bit Device Lock Bits BitLOCK – 1 – Bit TA = 25°C, BOPPOL = 1 (minimum at BOPSEL = 255, maximum at BOPSEL = 0) –650 – 20 G TA = 25°C, BOPPOL = 0 (minimum at BOPSEL = 0, maximum at BOPSEL = 255) –20 – 650 G – 4 8 G Output Polarity Bits Programmable BOP Range BOP Step Size BOP ResBOP Bit = LSB of BOPSEL 11 G (gauss) = 0.1 mT (millitesla). state when device configured as shown in figure 1. 3Output Rise Time is governed by external circuit tied to VOUT. 4Measured from 10% to 90% steady state output. 5Internal trimming utilized to minimize switchpoint drift across the operating temperature range. 2Output Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 4 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS may require derating at maximum conditions, see application information Characteristic Symbol RθJA Package Thermal Resistance Test Conditions* Value Units Package UA, 1-layer PCB with copper limited to solder pads 165 ºC/W Package LT, 1-layer PCB with copper limited to solder pads 180 ºC/W Package LT, 2-layer PCB with 0.94 in2 copper each side 78 ºC/W *Additional thermal information available on Allegro website. Maximum Allowable VCC (V) Power Derating Curve 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 VCC(max) 1-layer PCB, Package LT (RθJA = 180 ºC/W) 1-layer PCB, Package UA (RθJA = 165 ºC/W) 2-layer PCB, Package LT (RθJA = 78 ºC/W) VCC(min) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 160 180 TA (ºC) Power Dissipation, PD (m W) Power Dissipation 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2 (R -lay θJ A er = PC 78 B ºC , Pa /W ck ) ag 1-la (R yer P CB θJA = 165 , Pac 1-la ºC/ kage W) (R yer P UA CB θJA = 180 , Pac ºC/ kage W) LT 20 40 60 e LT 80 100 120 Temperature (°C) 140 Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 5 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Characteristic Performance Supply Current (On) versus Ambient Temperature Supply Current, ICC (mA) 6 5 4 VCC (V) 3.3 3 5 24 2 1 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) Supply Current (Off) versus Ambient Temperature Supply Current, ICC (mA) 6 5 4 VCC (V) 3.3 3 5 24 2 1 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) Saturation Voltage, VOUT(sat) (V) Saturation Voltage versus Ambient Temperature 500 400 ICC = 20 mA 300 VCC (V) 3.3 5 200 24 100 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 6 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Application Information V+ 100 Ω RLOAD 1.2 kΩ 1 A VCC A1128 CBYPASS 0.1 μF VOUT IC Output 3 A A GND 2 CLOAD 120 pF A A Tie to device pins using traces as short as possible Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit Chopper Stabilization Technique When using Hall-effect technology, a limiting factor for switch point accuracy is the small signal voltage developed across the Hall element. This voltage is disproportionally small relative to the offset that can be produced at the output of the Hall sensor IC. This makes it difficult to process the signal while maintaining an accurate, reliable output over the specified operating temperature and voltage ranges. Chopper stabilization is a unique approach used to minimize Hall offset on the chip. Allegro employs a patented technique to remove key sources of the output drift induced by thermal and mechanical stresses. This offset reduction technique is based on a signal modulation-demodulation process. The undesired offset signal is separated from the magnetic fieldinduced signal in the frequency domain, through modulation. The subsequent demodulation acts as a modulation process for the offset, causing the magnetic field-induced signal to recover its original spectrum at base band, while the DC offset becomes a high-frequency signal. The magnetic-sourced signal then can pass through a low-pass filter, while the modulated DC offset is suppressed. In addition to the removal of the thermal and stress related offset, this novel technique also reduces the amount of thermal noise in the Hall sensor IC while completely removing the modulated residue resulting from the chopper operation. The chopper stabilization technique uses a high frequency sampling clock. For demodulation process, a sample and hold technique is used. This high-frequency operation allows a greater sampling rate, which results in higher accuracy and faster signal-processing capability. This approach desensitizes the chip to the effects of thermal and mechanical stresses, and produces devices that have extremely stable quiescent Hall output voltages and precise recoverability after temperature cycling. This technique is made possible through the use of a BiCMOS process, which allows the use of low-offset, low-noise amplifiers in combination with highdensity logic integration and sample-and-hold circuits. Regulator Clock/Logic Hall Element Amp Anit-aliasing LP Filter Tuned Filter Figure 2. Concept of Chopper Stabilization Technique Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 7 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Functional Description V+ VOUT(off) V+ VOUT(off) VOUT Switch Off Note that for the Pre-Programming BOP Target, BOPinit , when BOPPOL = 0 although the operating range is 0 to B+, the initial BOPinit is actually negative, and likewise, when BOPPOL = 1, although the operating range 0 to B– , the initial BOPinit is actually positive. Switch On Switch On VOUT at the Hall sensor IC exceeds the operate point threshold, BOP . When the magnetic field is reduced to below the release point threshold, BRP , the device output switches on. Switch Off When the Output Polarity bit is not set (POL = 0), the A1128 output switches on after the magnetic field at the Hall sensor IC exceeds the operate point threshold, BOP . When the magnetic field is reduced to below the release point threshold, BRP , the device output switches off. The difference between the magnetic operate and release points is called the hysteresis of the device, BHYS. In the alternative case, in which the Output Polarity bit is set (POL = 1), the A1128 output switches off when the magnetic field VOUT(on)(sat) (B) BOPPOL = 0 POL = 1 (A) BOPPOL = 0 POL = 0 VOUT(off) VOUT Switch Off VOUT(off) Switch On Switch On VOUT V+ BHYS (C) BOPPOL = 1 POL = 0 B– BRP 0 BOPinit VOUT(on)(sat) BOP BRP BOP VOUT(on)(sat) B– B+ BHYS BHYS V+ BOP BOPinit 0 Switch Off BRP B+ BRP BOP BOPinit 0 VOUT(on)(sat) 0 BOPinit BHYS (D) BOPPOL = 1 POL = 1 Figure 3. Hysteresis Diagrams. These plots demonstrate the behavior of the A1128 with the applied magnetic field impinging on the branded face of the device case (refer to Package Outline Drawings section). On the horizontal axis, the B+ direction indicates increasing south or decreasing north magnetic flux density, and the B– direction indicates increasing north or decreasing south magnetic flux density. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 8 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Programming Guidelines Overview Programming is accomplished by sending a series of input voltage pulses serially through the VCC (supply) pin of the device. A unique combination of different voltage level pulses controls the internal programming logic of the device to select a desired programmable parameter and change its value. There are three voltage levels that must be taken into account when programming. These levels are referred to as high (VPH), mid (VPM), and low (VPL). highly recommends using the Allegro Sensor IC Evaluation Kit, available on the Allegro website On-line Store. The manual for that kit is available for download free of charge, and provides additional information on programming these devices. (Note: This kit is not recommended for production purposes.) The A1128 features three programmable modes, Try mode, Blow mode, and Read mode: Bit Field The internal fuses unique to each register, represented as a binary number. Changing the bit field settings of a particular Definition of Terms Register The section of the programming logic that controls the choice of programmable modes and parameters. • In Try mode, programmable parameter values are set and measured simultaneously. A parameter value is stored temporarily, and reset after cycling the supply voltage. tACTIVE Supply Voltage, VCC • In Blow mode, the value of a programmable parameter may be permanently set by blowing solid-state fuses internal to the device. Device locking is also accomplished in this mode. • In Read mode, each bit may be verified as blown or not blown. The programming sequence is designed to help prevent the device from being programmed accidentally; for example, as a result of noise on the supply line. Note that, for all programming modes, no parameter programming registers are accessible after the devicelevel LOCK bit is set. The only function that remains accessible is the overall Fuse Checking feature. Although any programmable variable power supply can be used to generate the pulse waveforms, for design evaluations, Allegro tPr VPH tBLOW tPf VPM VPL (Supply cycled) tLOW tLOW GND Programming pulses Blow pulse Figure 4. Programming pulse definitions (see table 1) Table 1. Programming Pulse Requirements, Protocol at TA = 25°C Characteristics Symbol Notes Min. VPL Programming Voltage VPM Measured at the VCC pin VPH Programming Current IPP tLOW Pulse Width Pulse Rise Time Pulse Fall Time Blow Pulse Slew Rate VCC = 5 → 26 V, CBLOW = 0.1 μF (min); minimum supply current required to ensure proper fuse blowing. Typ. Max. Unit 4.5 5 5.5 V 12.5 – 14 V 21 – 27 V 175 – – mA Duration of VPL separating pulses at VPM or VPH 20 – – μs tACTIVE Duration of pulses at VPM or VPH for key/code selection 20 – – μs tBLOW Duration of pulse at VPH for fuse blowing 90 100 – μs tPr VPL to VPM or VPL to VPH 5 – 100 μs tPf VPM to VPL or VPH to VPL 5 – 100 μs 0.375 – – V/μs SRBLOW Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 9 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Blow Pulse A high voltage pulse of sufficient duration to blow the addressed fuse. Cycling the Supply Powering-down, and then powering-up the supply voltage. Cycling the supply is used to clear the programming settings in Try mode. Programming Procedure Programming involves selection of a register and mode, and then setting values for parameters in the register for evaluation or fuse blowing. Figure 8 provides an overview state diagram. Register Selection Each programmable parameter can be accessed through a specific register. To select a register, from the Initial state, a sequence of voltage pulses consisting of one VPH pulse, one VPM pulse, and then a unique combination of VPH and VPM pulses, is applied serially to the VCC pin (with no VCC supply interruptions). This sequence of pulses is called the key, and uniquely identifies each register. An example register selection key is shown in figure 5. Try Mode In Try mode, the bit field addressing is accomplished by applying a series of VPM pulses to the VCC pin of the device, as shown in figure 6. Each pulse increases the total bit field value of the selected parameter, increasing by one on the falling edge of each additional VPM pulse. When addressing a bit field in Try mode, the number of VPM pulses is represented by a decimal number called a code. Addressing activates the corresponding fuse locations in the given bit field by increasing the binary value of an internal DAC, up to the maximum possible code. As the value of the bit field code increases, the value of the programmable parameter changes. Measurements can be taken after each VPM pulse to determine if the desired result for the programmable parameter has been reached. Cycling the supply voltage resets all the locations in the bit field that have un-blown fuses to their initial states. This should also be done before selection of a different register in Try mode. When addressing a parameter in Try mode, the bit field address (code) defaults to the value 1, on the falling edge of the final register selection key VPH pulse (see figure 6). A complete example is shown figure 10. Note that, in the four BOP selection virtual registers, after the maximum code is entered, the next VPM pulse wraps back to the beginning of the register, and selects code 0. VPH VPM VPL GND Figure 5. Example of Try mode register selection pulses, for the BOP Negative Trim, Up-Counting register. VCC VCC VPH VPM Code 2n –1 Fuse Blowing Applying a high voltage pulse of sufficient duration to permanently set an addressed bit by blowing a fuse internal to the device. Once a bit (fuse) has been blown, it cannot be reset. Mode Selection The same physical registers are used for all programming modes. To distinguish Blow mode and Read mode, when selecting the registers an additional pulse sequence consisting of eleven VPM pulses followed by one VPH pulse is added to the key. The combined register and mode keys are shown in table 3. Code 2n –2 Addressing Increasing the bit field code of a selected register by serially applying a pulse train through the VCC pin of the device. Each parameter can be measured during the addressing process, but the internal fuses must be blown before the programming code (and parameter value) becomes permanent. Code 3 Code The number used to identify the combination of fuses activated in a bit field, expressed as the decimal equivalent of the binary value. The LSB of a bit field is denoted as code 1, or bit 0. Code 2 Key A series of voltage pulses used to select a register or mode. To simplify Try mode, the A1128 provides a set of four virtual registers, one for each combination of: BOP selection (BOPSEL), BOP polarity (BOPPOL), and a facility for transiting BOP magnitude values in an increasing or decreasing sequence. These registers also allow wrapping back to the beginning of the register after transiting the register. Code 1 register causes its programmable parameter to change, based on the internal programming logic. VPL GND Figure 6. Try mode bit field addressing pulses. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 10 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch The four BOP selecting virtual registers allow the programmer to adjust the BOP parameter for use in north or south magnetic fields. In addition, values can be traversed from low to high, or from high to low. Figure 12 shows the relationship between the BOP parameter and the different Try mode registers. Note: See the Output Polarity section for information about setting the POL bit before using Try mode. The FALL and POL fields are in the same register (FALL is bits 1:0, and POL is bit 2). Therefore, in Try mode both can be programmed simultaneously by adding the codes for the two parameters, and send the sum as the code. For example, sending code 7 (111) sets FALL to 3 (x11) and sets POL (1xx). Blow Mode After the required code is determined for a given parameter, its value can be set permanently by blowing individual fuses in the appropriate register bit field. Blowing is accomplished by selecting the register and mode selection key, followed by the appropriate bit field address, and ending the sequence with a Blow pulse. The Blow mode selection key is a sequence of eleven VPM pulses followed by one VPH pulse. The Blow pulse consists of a VPH pulse of sufficient duration, tBLOW , to permanently set an addressed bit by blowing a fuse internal to the device. The device power must be cycled after each individual fuse is blown. Due to power requirements, a 0.1 μF blowing capacitor, CBLOW , must be mounted between the VCC pin and the GND pin during programming, to ensure enough current is available to blow fuses. If programming in the application, CBYPASS (see figure 1) can serve the same purpose. The fuse for each bit in the bit field must be blown individually. The A1128 built-in circuitry allows only one fuse at a time to be blown. During Blow mode, the bit field can be considered a “onehot” shift register. Table 2 illustrates how to relate the number of VPM pulses to the binary and decimal value for Blow mode bit field addressing. It should be noted that the simple relationship between the number of VPM pulses and the required code is: 2n = Code, where n is the number of VPM pulses, and the bit field has an initial state of decimal code 1 (binary 00000001). To correctly blow the required fuses, the code representing the required parameter value must be translated to a binary number. For example, as shown in figure 7, decimal code 5 is equivalent to the binary number 101. Therefore bit 2 must be addressed and blown, the device power supply cycled, and then bit 0 must be addressed and blown. The order of blowing bits, however, is not important. Blowing bit 0 first, and then bit 2 is acceptable. A complete example is shown in figure 11. Note: After blowing, the programming is not reversible, even after cycling the supply power. Although a register bit field fuse cannot be reset after it is blown, additional bits within the same register can be blown at any time until the device is locked. For example, if bit 1 (binary 10) has been blown, it is still possible to blow bit 0. The end result would be binary 11 (decimal code 3). Locking the Device After the required code for each parameter is programmed, the device can be locked to prevent further programming of any parameters. To do so, perform the following steps: 1. Ensure that the CBLOW capacitor is mounted. 2. Select the Output/Lock Bit register key. 3. Select Blow mode selection key. 4. Address bit 4 (10000) by sending four VPM pulses. 5. Send one Blow pulse, at IPP and SRBLOW, and sustain it for tBLOW. 6. Delay for a tLOW interval, then power-down. 7. Optionally check all fuses. Table 2. Blow Mode Bit Field Addressing Quantity of VPM Pulses Binary Register Bit Field Decimal Equivalent Code 0 0000 0001 1 1 0000 0010 2 2 0000 0100 4 3 0000 1000 8 4 0001 0000 16 5 0010 0000 32 6 0100 0000 64 7 1000 0000 128 Bit Field Selection Address Code Format (Decimal Equivalent) Code 5 Code in Binary (Binary) 1 0 1 Fuse Blowing Target Bits Bit 2 Fuse Blowing Address Code Format Bit 0 Code 4 Code 1 (Decimal Equivalents) Figure 7. Example of code 5 broken into its binary components. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 11 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Table 3. Programming Logic Table Register Name [Selection Key] Bit Field Address (Code) Notes Binary Decimal (MSB→LSB) Equivalent Try Mode Register Selections BOP Positive, Trim Up-Counting [ 2 × VPH ] BOP Negative, Trim Up-Counting [ VPH → VPM → 2 × VPH ] BOP Positive, Trim Down-Counting [ 2 × VPH → 4 × VPM → VPH ] BOP Negative, Trim Down-Counting [VPH → VPM → 2 × VPH → 4 × VPM → VPH ] Increase BOP (South field). Code 1 automatically selected when register entered, wraps back to code 0. 0000 0000 0 1111 1111 255 0000 0000 0 1111 1111 255 1111 1111 0 0000 0000 255 1111 1111 0 0000 0000 255 x01 1 Output Fall Time (FALL). Code 1 automatically selected. Minimum value. x11 3 Output Fall Time (FALL) selection is at maximum value. 0xx 0 Output Polarity Bit (POL). Default, no fuse blowing required. POL = 0, see figures 3A and 3C. 1xx 4 Output Polarity Bit (POL). Code 1 automatically selected. POL = 1, see figures 3B and 3D. Code references a single bit only. 1000 8 Fuse Threshold Low Register. Code 1 automatically selected when register entered. Checks un-blown fuses. Code references a single bit only. 1001 9 Fuse Threshold High Register. Checks blown fuses. 0000 0000 0 BOP magnitude selection. Default, no fuse blowing required. Minimum value, corresponding to BOP(min). 1111 1111 255 0 0 South field polarity. Default, no fuse blowing required. 1 1 North field polarity. Code 1 (bit 0) automatically selected. 00 0 Output Fall Time (FALL). Default, no fuse blowing required. 11 3 Output Fall Time (FALL) selection is at maximum value. Code 1 (bit 0) automatically selected. 000 0 Output Polarity Bit (POL). Default, no fuse blowing required. POL = 0, see figures 3A and 3C. 100 4 Output Polarity Bit (POL). Code 1 (bit 0) automatically selected. Code refers to bit 2 only. POL = 1, see figures 3B and 3D. 10000 16 Lock bit (LOCK). Locks access to all registers with exception of Fuse Threshold registers. Code 1 (bit 0) automatically selected in Blow mode. Code refers to bit 5 only. 0 to 111 1111 – Read mode bit values. Sequentially selects each bit in selected Blow mode register for reading bit status as blown or not blown. Code 1 (bit 0) automatically selected. Monitor VOUT after each pulse. Output / Fuse Checking [ VPH → 3 × VPM → VPH ] BOP selection is at maximum value. Increase BOP (North field). Code 1 automatically selected when register entered, wraps back to code 0. BOP selection is at maximum value. Decrease BOP (South field). Code 1 automatically selected when register entered, wraps back to code 0. Code is automatically inverted (code 1 selects BOP selection maximum value minus 1.) BOP selection is at minimum value. Decrease BOP (North field). Code 1 automatically selected when register entered, wraps back to code 0. Code is automatically inverted (code 1 selects BOP selection maximum value minus 1.) BOP selection is at minimum value. Blow or Read Mode Register Selections BOP Selection (BOPSEL) [ 2 × VPH → 11 × VPM → VPH ] BOP Polarity (BOPPOL) [ VPH → VPM → VPH → 11 × VPM → VPH ] Output / Lock Bit [ VPH → 3 × VPM → VPH → 11 × VPM → VPH ] BOP magnitude selection. Maximum value, corresponding to BOP(max). Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 12 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Power-up VPM Initial State VPH Register Selection VPM →VPH VPM →VPH →11×VPM →VPH 3 × VPM →VPH →11×VPM →VPH Output/ Lock Bit VPH →11×VPM →VPH (BOPPOL) BOP Polarity →VPH VPH BOP Positive Trim Up VPM →2 × VPH →4 × VPM → VPH VPH →4 × VPM → VPH BOP Negative Trim Up BOP Positive Trim Down 3 × VPM →VPH BOP Negative Trim Down Output/ Fuse Checking (BOPSEL) BOP Selection User power-down required Try Mode VPM Code 0 VPM Yes VPM BOP Trim register? VPM Code 2 Code 1 Code 2n–1 [Optional: test output or check fuse integrity] Blow Mode VPM VPM Bit 1 Bit 0 VPH VPH (Blow Pulse) (Blow Pulse) Bit n-1 VPH (Blow Pulse) Blow Fuse Read Mode VPM Bit 0 VPM Bit 1 Bit n-1 Figure 8. Programming State Diagram [Read fuse status on VOUT] Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 13 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Additional Guidelines The additional guidelines in this section should be followed to ensure the proper behavior of these devices: • The power supply used for programming must be capable of delivering at least VPH and 175 mA. Fuse Checking Incorporated in the A1128 is circuitry to simultaneously check the integrity of the fuse bits. The fuse checking feature is enabled by using the Fuse Checking registers, and while in Try mode, applying the codes shown in table 3. The register is only valid in Try mode and is available before or after the programming LOCK bit is set. • Be careful to observe the tLOW delay time before powering down the device after blowing each bit. • Set the LOCK bit (only after all other parameters have been programmed and validated) to prevent any further programming of the device. Selecting the Fuse Threshold High register checks that all blown fuses are properly blown. Selecting the Fuse Threshold Low register checks all un-blown fuses are properly intact. The supply current, ICC , increases by 250 μA if a marginal fuse is detected. If all fuses are correctly blown or fully intact, there will be no change in supply current. Read Mode The A1128 features a Read mode that allows the status of each programmable fuse to be read back individually. The status, blown or not blown, of the addressed fuse is determined by monitoring the state of the VOUT pin. A complete example is shown in figure 9. Output Polarity When selecting the BOP registers in Try mode, the output polarity is determined by the value of the Output Polarity bit (POL). The default value is POL = 0 (fuse un-blown). For applications that require the output states defined by POL = 1 (see Operating Characteristics table), it is recommended to first permanently blow the POL bit by selecting the Output / Lock bit register, and code 4. The output is then defined by POL = 1 when selecting the BOP Try mode registers. See table 3 for parameter details. Read mode uses the same register selection keys as Blow mode (see table 3), allowing direct addressing of the individual fuses in the BOPPOL and BOPSEL registers (do not inadvertently send a Blow pulse while in Read mode). After sending the register and mode selection keys, that is, after the falling edge of the final VPH pulse in the key, the first bit (the LSB) is selected. Each additional VPM pulse addresses the next bit in the selected register, up Register (and Mode) Selection Key Bit Field (Fuse) Address Codes VPM 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 3 Blown Bit 4 Blown Bit 5 Un-Blown Bit 6 Blown Bit 7 Un-Blown Don’t Care Bit 2 Un-Blown VPM Bit 1 Un-Blown VPH Bit 0 VPL GND VOUT 7 Bit 0 Blown VCC VPH VPL Fuse intact Fuse blown GND Read-out on VOUT pin Figure 9. Read mode example. Pulse sequence for accessing the BOP Selection register (BOPSEL) and reading back the status of each of the eight bit fields. In this example, the code (blown fuses) is 20 + 23 + 24 + 26 = 89 (0101 1001). After each address pulse is sent, the voltage on the VOUT pin will be at GND for blown fuses and at VCC (at VPL or VPM) for un-blown fuses. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 14 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch (the status of the Output Polarity bit, POL, does not affect Read mode output values, allowing POL to be tested also). If the output state is high, the fuse can be considered un-blown. During Read mode VOUT must be pulled high using a pull-up resistor (see RLOAD in the Typical Application Circuit diagram). to the MSB. Read mode is available only before the LOCK bit has been set. After the final VPH key pulse, and after each VPM address pulse, if VOUT is low, the corresponding fuse can be considered blown Bit Field Address Codes Register (and Mode) Selection Key 6 Code 7 7 8 9 10 11 VPL GND Code 12 5 Code 11 4 Code 10 3 Code 9 2 Code 8 1 Code 6 4 Code 5 3 Code 4 2 Code 3 1 Code 2 VPM Code 1 VCC VPH Figure 10. Example of Try mode programming pulses applied to the VCC pin. In this example, BOP Positive Trim, DownCounting register is addressed to code 12 by the eleven VPM pulses (code 1 is selected automatically at the falling edge of the register-mode selection key). Bit Field (Fuse) Address Codes Register (and Mode) Selection Key 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 Code 8 Bit 3 1 Bit 2 VPM Bit 1 Blow Pulse VPL GND tLOW VCC VPH Figure 11. Example of Blow mode programming pulses applied to the VCC pin. In this example, the BOP Magnitude Selection register (BOPSEL) is addressed to code 8 (bit 3, or 3 VPM pulses) and its value is permanently blown. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 15 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Magnetic Field Intensity, B (G) BOP can be set to any value within the range allowed by the BOPSEL registers. This includes switchpoints of south or north polarity, and switchpoints at or near the zero crossing point for B. However, switching is recommended only within the Programmable BOP Range, specified in the Operating Characteristics table. B+ (south) BOP(max) BOP Setpoint 0 BOP(min) B– (north) 0 Trimming of BOP is typically done in two stages. In the first stage, BOP is adjusted temporarily using the Try mode programming features, to find the fuse value that corresponds to the optimum BOP . After a value is determined, then it can be permanently set using the Blow mode features. As an aid to programming the A1128 has several options available in Try Mode for adjusting the BOP parameter. As shown in figure 12, these allow trimming of BOP for operation in north or south polarity magnetic fields. In addition the BOP parameter can either trim-up, start at the BOP minimum value and increase to the maximum value, or trim-down, starting at the BOP maximum value and decreasing to the minimum value. Magnetic Field Intensity, B (G) BOP Selection The A1128 allows accurate trimming of the magnetic operate point, BOP , within the application. This programmable feature reduces effects due to mechanical placement tolerances and improves performance when used in proximity or vane sensing applications. B+ (south) BOP(max) BOP Setpoint 0 BOP(min) B– (north) 0 255 Try Mode, Bit Field Code (A) BOP Positive, Trim Up-Counting Register (B) BOP Positive, Trim Down-Counting Register B+ (south) Try Mode, Bit Field Code 255 BOP(min) 0 BOP Setpoint BOP(max) B– (north) (C) BOP Negative, Trim Up-Counting Register Magnetic Field Intensity, B (G) Magnetic Field Intensity, B (G) Try Mode, Bit Field Code 0 255 Try Mode, Bit Field Code B+ (south) 0 255 BOP(min) 0 BOP Setpoint BOP(max) B– (north) (D) BOP Negative, Trim Down-Counting Register Figure 12. BOP profiles for each of the four BOP Selection virtual registers available in Try mode. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 16 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Power Derating The device must be operated below the maximum junction temperature of the device, TJ(max) . Under certain combinations of peak conditions, reliable operation may require derating supplied power or improving the heat dissipation properties of the application. This section presents a procedure for correlating factors affecting operating TJ. (Thermal data is also available on the Allegro MicroSystems website.) The Package Thermal Resistance, RJA, is a figure of merit summarizing the ability of the application and the device to dissipate heat from the junction (die), through all paths to the ambient air. Its primary component is the Effective Thermal Conductivity, K, of the printed circuit board, including adjacent devices and traces. Radiation from the die through the device case, RJC, is relatively small component of RJA. Ambient air temperature, TA, and air motion are significant external factors, damped by overmolding. The effect of varying power levels (Power Dissipation, PD), can be estimated. The following formulas represent the fundamental relationships used to estimate TJ, at PD. PD = VIN × IIN (1) T = PD × RJA (2) TJ = TA + ΔT (3) Example: Reliability for VCC at TA = 150°C, package UA, using a single-layer PCB. Observe the worst-case ratings for the device, specifically: RJA = 165 °C/W, TJ(max) = 165°C, VCC(max) = 24 V, and ICC(max) = 5.5 mA. Calculate the maximum allowable power level, PD(max) . First, invert equation 3: Tmax = TJ(max) – TA = 165 °C – 150 °C = 15 °C This provides the allowable increase to TJ resulting from internal power dissipation. Then, invert equation 2: PD(max) = Tmax ÷ RJA = 15°C ÷ 165 °C/W = 91 mW Finally, invert equation 1 with respect to voltage: VCC(est) = PD(max) ÷ ICC(max) = 91 mW ÷ 5.5 mA = 16.5 V The result indicates that, at TA, the application and device can dissipate adequate amounts of heat at voltages ≤VCC(est) . Compare VCC(est) to VCC(max) . If VCC(est) ≤ VCC(max) , then reliable operation between VCC(est) and VCC(max) requires enhanced RJA. If VCC(est) ≥ VCC(max) , then operation between VCC(est) and VCC(max) is reliable under these conditions. For example, given common conditions such as: TA= 25°C, VIN = 12 V, IIN = 4 mA, and RJA = 140 °C/W, then: PD = VIN × IIN = 12 V × 4 mA = 48 mW T = PD × RJA = 48 mW × 140 °C/W = 7°C TJ = TA + T = 25°C + 7°C = 32°C A worst-case estimate, PD(max) , represents the maximum allowable power level, without exceeding TJ(max) , at a selected RJA and TA. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 17 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Package Outline Drawings Package LT 3-Pin SOT-89 +0.13 4.47 –0.08 1.73 ±0.10 2.50 2.00 +0.03 0.41 –0.06 E 2.24 B D 0.38 MIN 0.80 E 6° REF 1.14 +0.10 4.14 –0.20 +0.03 2.57 –0.28 2.16 REF 2.60 Parting Line 4.60 1.20 10° REF 1 2 3 1.04 ±0.15 10° REF 1.50 C Branded Face Basic pads for low-stress, not self-aligning Additional pad for low-stress, self-aligning Additional area for IPC reference layout +0.15 1.45 –0.05 +0.05 0.43 –0.07 0.70 PCB Layout Reference View +0.05 0.51 –0.07 NNN 2X 1.50 NOM 1 A Standard Branding Reference View = Supplier emblem N = Last three digits of device part number Updated package drawing only. Allegro package assembly tooling has not changed. For Reference Only; not for tooling use (reference DWG-9064) Dimensions in millimeters Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown A Branding scale and appearance at supplier discretion B Gate and tie bar burr area C Reference land pattern layout; All pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances D Active Area Depth, 0.77 mm E Hall element; not to scale Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 18 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Package UA 3-Pin SIP +0.08 4.09 –0.05 45° B C E 2.04 1.52 ±0.05 1.44 E Mold Ejector Pin Indent +0.08 3.02 –0.05 E Branded Face NNN 45° 1 2.16 MAX D Standard Branding Reference View = Supplier emblem N = Last three digits of device part number 0.79 REF A 0.51 REF 1 2 3 +0.03 0.41 –0.06 15.75 ±0.51 For Reference Only; not for tooling use (reference DWG-9049) Dimensions in millimeters Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown A Dambar removal protrusion (6X) B Gate burr area C Active Area Depth, 0.50 mm REF +0.05 0.43 –0.07 D Branding scale and appearance at supplier discretion E Hall element, not to scale 1.27 NOM Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 19 A1128 Highly Programmable Hall-Effect Switch Copyright ©2010-2013, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC Allegro MicroSystems, LLC reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current. Allegro’s products are not to be used in life support devices or systems, if a failure of an Allegro product can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. For the latest version of this document, visit our website: www.allegromicro.com Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com 20