Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor
PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
User’s Guide
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A
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DS70574A-page ii
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT
SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS
DAUGHTER BOARD
Table of Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 7
1.2 Board Setup ................................................................................................... 8
Chapter 2. Hardware
2.1 Hardware Components ................................................................................ 11
2.2 Functional Overview ..................................................................................... 15
Chapter 3. Thermal Interface Demonstration
3.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Hardware Setup ........................................................................................... 19
3.3 Software Setup ............................................................................................. 19
3.4 Running The Demonstration ........................................................................ 21
Chapter 4. Linear Interface Demonstration
4.1 Demonstration Overview .............................................................................. 23
4.2 Demonstration Hardware Setup ................................................................... 24
4.3 Demonstration Software Setup .................................................................... 25
4.4 Running The Demonstration ........................................................................ 26
Appendix A. Schematics and Layout
Index ............................................................................................................................. 33
Worldwide Sales and Service .................................................................................... 34
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page iii
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
NOTES:
DS70574A-page iv
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT
SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS
DAUGHTER BOARD
Preface
NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS
All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and
documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs
and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site
(www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available.
Documents are identified with a “DS” number. This number is located on the bottom of each
page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is
“DSXXXXXA”, where “XXXXX” is the document number and “A” is the revision level of the
document.
For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB® IDE on-line help.
Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available on-line help files.
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using the
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board. Items discussed in
this chapter include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Document Layout
Conventions Used in this Guide
Warranty Registration
Recommended Reading
The Microchip Web Site
Development Systems Customer Change Notification Service
Customer Support
Document Revision History
DOCUMENT LAYOUT
This document describes how to use the Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™
Plus Daughter Board to provide the signal conditioning circuits necessary to interface
thermal and linear sensor signals to a dsPIC® Digital Signal Controller (DSC) or a
PIC24H Microcontroller (MCU). The manual layout is as follows:
• Chapter 1. “Introduction” – This chapter introduces the Thermal/Linear
Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board (also referred to as the Daughter
Board throughout this document) and provides an overview of the features.
• Chapter 2. “Hardware” – This chapter identifies the major hardware components
of the Daughter Board and provides a functional overview.
• Chapter 3. “Thermal Interface Demonstration” – This chapter describes a
simple program that demonstrates how to use the Daughter Board to capture and
process signals from a common type of temperature sensor: a K-type
thermocouple.
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 1
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
• Chapter 4. “Linear Interface Demonstration” – This chapter describes a simple
program that demonstrates how to use the Daughter Board to capture and
process signals from any generic linear sensor through the Linear Sensor
Interface.
• Appendix A. “Schematics and Layout” – This appendix provides detailed
circuit schematics and board layout diagrams of the Daughter Board.
DS70574A-page 2
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preface
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE
This manual uses the following documentation conventions:
DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS
Description
Arial font:
Italic characters
Initial caps
Quotes
Underlined, italic text with
right angle bracket
Bold characters
N‘Rnnnn
Text in angle brackets < >
Courier New font:
Plain Courier New
Represents
Referenced books
Emphasized text
A window
A dialog
A menu selection
A field name in a window or
dialog
A menu path
MPLAB® IDE User’s Guide
...is the only compiler...
the Output window
the Settings dialog
select Enable Programmer
“Save project before build”
A dialog button
A tab
A number in verilog format,
where N is the total number of
digits, R is the radix and n is a
digit.
A key on the keyboard
Click OK
Click the Power tab
4‘b0010, 2‘hF1
Italic Courier New
Sample source code
Filenames
File paths
Keywords
Command-line options
Bit values
Constants
A variable argument
Square brackets [ ]
Optional arguments
Curly brackets and pipe
character: { | }
Ellipses...
Choice of mutually exclusive
arguments; an OR selection
Replaces repeated text
Represents code supplied by
user
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
Examples
File>Save
Press <Enter>, <F1>
#define START
autoexec.bat
c:\mcc18\h
_asm, _endasm, static
-Opa+, -Opa0, 1
0xFF, ‘A’
file.o, where file can be
any valid filename
mcc18 [options] file
[options]
errorlevel {0|1}
var_name [,
var_name...]
void main (void)
{ ...
}
DS70574A-page 3
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
WARRANTY REGISTRATION
Please complete the enclosed Warranty Registration Card and mail it promptly.
Sending in the Warranty Registration Card entitles users to receive new product
updates. Interim software releases are available at the Microchip web site.
RECOMMENDED READING
This user's guide describes how to use Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™
Plus Daughter Board. Other useful documents are listed below. The following
Microchip documents are available and recommended as supplemental reference
resources.
•
•
•
•
•
•
“dsPIC33FJ12GP201/202 Data Sheet” (DS70264)
“MCP601/1R/2/3/4 2.7V to 6.0V Single Supply CMOS Op Amps” (DS21314)
“MCP616/7/8/9 2.3V to 5.5V Micropower Bi-CMOS Op Amps” (DS21613)
“TC1047/TC1047A Precision Temperature-to-Voltage Converter” (DS21498)
“Explorer 16 Development Board User’s Guide” (DS51589)
“16-bit 28-pin Starter Development Board User’s Guide” (DS51656)
Readme Files
For the latest information on using other tools, read the tool-specific Readme files in
the Readmes subdirectory of the MPLAB IDE installation directory. The Readme files
contain update information and known issues that may not be included in this user’s
guide.
DS70574A-page 4
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preface
THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE
Microchip provides online support via our web site at www.microchip.com. This web
site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers.
Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following
information:
• Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample
programs, design resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents,
latest software releases and archived software
• General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical
support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program
member listing
• Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip
press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices,
distributors and factory representatives
DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS CUSTOMER CHANGE NOTIFICATION SERVICE
Microchip’s customer notification service helps keep customers current on Microchip
products. Subscribers will receive e-mail notification whenever there are changes,
updates, revisions or errata related to a specified product family or development tool of
interest.
To register, access the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com, click on Customer
Change Notification and follow the registration instructions.
The Development Systems product group categories are:
• Compilers – The latest information on Microchip C compilers and other language
tools. These include the MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 C compilers; MPASM™
and MPLAB ASM30 assemblers; MPLINK™ and MPLAB LINK30 object linkers;
and MPLIB™ and MPLAB LIB30 object librarians.
• Emulators – The latest information on Microchip in-circuit emulators.This
includes the MPLAB ICE 2000, MPLAB ICE 4000, and MPLAB REAL ICE™
• In-Circuit Debuggers – The latest information on the Microchip in-circuit
debugger, MPLAB ICD 2.
• MPLAB® IDE – The latest information on Microchip MPLAB IDE, the Windows®
Integrated Development Environment for development systems tools. This list is
focused on the MPLAB IDE, MPLAB SIM simulator, MPLAB IDE Project Manager
and general editing and debugging features.
• Programmers – The latest information on Microchip programmers. These include
the MPLAB PM3 and PRO MATE II device programmers and the PICSTART®
Plus and PICkit™ 1 development programmers.
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 5
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels:
•
•
•
•
Distributor or Representative
Local Sales Office
Field Application Engineer (FAE)
Technical Support
Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer
(FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of
sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document.
Technical support is available through the web site at: http://support.microchip.com
DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY
Revision A (December 2008)
This is the initial release of this document.
DS70574A-page 6
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT
SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS
DAUGHTER BOARD
Chapter 1. Introduction
Thank you for purchasing Microchip Technology's Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor
PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board. This board provides the signal conditioning circuits
necessary to interface thermal and linear sensor signals to a dsPIC® Digital Signal
Controller (DSC) or a PIC24H microcontroller (MCU).
The Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail Plus Daughter Board is used with either
the Explorer 16 Development Board or the 16-bit 28-pin Starter Development Board to
demonstrate the acquisition, analog-to-digital conversion (dsPIC DSC or PIC24H
devices) and signal processing of typical sensor signals using the architectural and
peripheral features of dsPIC DSC devices.
This chapter introduces the Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail Plus Daughter
Board (simplified as Daughter Board throughout this document) and provides an
overview of the features. Topics covered include:
• Overview
• Board Setup
1.1
OVERVIEW
The Daughter Board fits into the expansion slot on the Explorer 16 Development Board
and interfaces between an external sensor and the dsPIC33F or PIC24H device on the
Explorer 16 Development Board. The Daughter Board is intended to support the
development of intelligent sensor processing applications using Microchip's 16-bit DSC
and MCU device families.
Alternately, the Daughter Board may be plugged into the pin header on the 16-bit
28-pin Starter Development Board using connector J2 (refer to Figure 2-1 in
Chapter 2. “Hardware” for the location of this connector).
The differential output signals from the thermocouple (not provided with the Daughter
Board) are amplified, passed through an anti-aliasing filter and routed to the
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) module on the dsPIC33F or PIC24H device for
software processing. A TC1047A temperature sensor IC is also provided on the board.
The output of this temperature sensor is passed through another anti-aliasing filter and
routed to the ADC.
The Daughter Board also provides a generic linear signal interface to which any
single-ended sensor output (or even an artificially synthesized signal) can be supplied.
Just like the thermocouple and TC1047A output signals, this linear signal is conditioned
using an anti-aliasing filter, but it is also level-shifted in order to allow bipolar sensor
signals to be sampled by the unipolar ADC on the dsPIC33F or PIC24H device.
The Explorer 16 Development Board (or 16-bit 28-pin Starter Development Board)
supplies power to the Daughter Board.
The Daughter Board is shown in Figure 1-1. This document reflects the usage of the
Daughter Board with the Explorer 16 Development Board; however, the 16-bit 28-pin
Starter Development Board has similar set up requirements.
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 7
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
FIGURE 1-1:
1.2
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS DAUGHTER BOARD
BOARD SETUP
Figure 1-2 shows a photograph of the Daughter Board plugged into an Explorer 16
Development Board. A K-type thermocouple is connected to the Daughter Board. For
demonstration purposes, a portable function generator is also shown connected to the
Daughter Board. In a real application development environment, this may be
substituted for any other linear sensor signal.
A 9V power supply and the MPLAB® REAL ICE™ in-circuit emulator are plugged into
the Explorer 16 Development Board. MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator is required
to operate the demonstration programs provided with the board package; however, for
actual usage an MPLAB ICD 2 or any other programmer/debugger may be used. The
two demonstration programs show the capture and processing of signals obtained from
the thermocouple interface and from the generic linear signal interface, respectively.
DS70574A-page 8
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
Introduction
FIGURE 1-2:
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS DAUGHTER BOARD
SETUP
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 9
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
NOTES:
DS70574A-page 10
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT
SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS
DAUGHTER BOARD
Chapter 2. Hardware
This chapter identifies the major hardware components of the Thermal/Linear
Intelligent Sensor PICtail Plus Daughter Board and provides a functional overview.
Topics covered include:
• Hardware Components
• Functional Overview
2.1
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
Figure 2-1 identifies the key hardware components of the Daughter Board. The
numbered board components are described in Table 2-1.
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 11
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
FIGURE 2-1:
DAUGHTER BOARD HARDWARE COMPONENTS
1
2
5
3
4
6
7
10
9
8
11
12
13
TABLE 2-1:
DS70574A-page 12
DAUGHTER BOARD COMPONENTS
Number
Name
Component Description
1
J4
Explorer 16 PICtail™ Plus connector
2
3
J2
U2
16-bit 28-pin Starter Development Board connector
Anti-aliasing low-pass filter for thermocouple signal
4
5
U3
U5
Differential amplifier for thermocouple signal
Anti-aliasing low-pass filter for linear signal
6
7
J5
R38
Jumper for input offset calibration of differential amplifier
Potentiometer for differential amplifier output offset adjustment
8
9
U6
JP2
Anti-aliasing low-pass filter for temperature sensor IC signal
Jumper to include or bypass level shifter
10
11
U7
R30
Level shifter for linear signal
Potentiometer for level shifter adjustment
12
13
J1
J3
Thermocouple connector
Linear signal connector
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
Hardware
2.1.1
Explorer 16 PICtail Plus Connector (J4)
The Daughter Board connects to the Explorer 16 Development Board using edge
connector J3. The Daughter Board uses the following Explorer 16 signals:
• +3.3V power
• Ground
• dsPIC33F or PIC24H device ADC module inputs (3 inputs)
2.1.2
16-bit 28-pin Starter Development Board Connector (J2)
This connector allows the Daughter Board to be connected to Microchip's 16-bit 28-pin
Starter Development Board. The Daughter Board uses the following Explorer 16
signals:
• +3.3V power
• Ground
• dsPIC33F or PIC24H device ADC module inputs (3 inputs)
2.1.3
Anti-Aliasing Low-Pass Filter for Thermocouple Signal (U2)
The anti-aliasing low-pass filter uses the two op amps in the MCP617 dual op amp IC.
The output of the differential amplifier uses an anti-aliasing low-pass 4th-order
Sallen-Key structure to filter the signal and provide a cut-off frequency of 3300 Hz.
2.1.4
Differential Amplifier for Thermocouple Signal (U3)
The thermocouple differential amplifier uses three op amps in the MCP619 quad op
amp IC. The fourth op amp buffers the reference voltage provided to the differential
amplifier as well as the level shifter circuit. The output from a thermocouple is a pair of
analog voltage signals. The differential amplifier converts this signal pair into a
single-ended voltage signal for the on-chip ADC in the dsPIC33F or PIC24H device.
The external resistors R5, R6, R7 and R8 have been selected to provide an amplifier
gain of 249.
2.1.5
Anti-Aliasing Low-Pass Filter for Linear Signal (U5)
The anti-aliasing low-pass filter uses the two op amps in the MCP617 dual op amp IC.
The output of the level shifter circuit uses an anti-aliasing low-pass 8th-order
Sallen-Key structure to filter the signal and provide a cut-off frequency of 3300 Hz.
2.1.6
Jumper for Offset Calibration of Differential Amplifier (J5)
The jumper J5 can be used as a possible method of calibrating the output offset voltage
of the differential amplifier. To do this, install the jumper and measure the output voltage
at test point TP4.
2.1.7
Potentiometer for Differential Amplifier Output Offset
Adjustment (R38)
The constant output offset voltage can be adjusted manually by the user by rotating the
screw on potentiometer R38, either clockwise or counterclockwise. Rotating the
potentiometer screw clockwise increases the offset, whereas rotating it in a
counterclockwise direction decreases the offset. The offset can range from 0V to 1.65V.
2.1.8
Anti-Aliasing Low-Pass Filter for Temperature Sensor IC Signal
(U6)
The anti-aliasing low-pass filter uses the two op amps in the MCP617 dual op amp IC.
The output of the differential amplifier uses an anti-aliasing low-pass 4th-order
Sallen-Key structure to filter the signal and provide a cut-off frequency of 3300 Hz.
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 13
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
2.1.9
Jumper to Include or Bypass Level Shifter (JP2)
The jumper JP2 determines whether the level shifter circuit will be included in the linear
signal chain or bypassed completely. To include the level shifter, install the jumper in
the 1-2 position (indicated by the arrow marked adjacent to the jumper on the Daughter
Board). To bypass the level shifter and supply the linear input signal directly to the
anti-aliasing low-pass filter, install the jumper in the 2-3 position.
2.1.10
Level Shifter for Linear Signal (U7)
The level shifter circuit is implemented using the MCP602 dual op amp IC. Op amp A
works in conjunction with the external components to provide the required level shift,
and op amp B serves as a buffer.
2.1.11
Potentiometer for Level Shifter Adjustment (R30)
Users can manually adjust the level provided by the level shifter by rotating the screw
on the potentiometer R30. The level of the signal mid-point can range from 0V to 3.3V,
depending on the potentiometer adjustment. Rotating the potentiometer screw
clockwise increases the signal level, whereas rotating it in a counterclockwise direction
decreases the signal level.
2.1.12
Thermocouple Connector (J1)
The Daughter Board contains a standard K-type thermocouple connector labeled J1.
A thermocouple with the appropriate receptacle can be inserted directly into the
connector.
2.1.13
Linear Signal Connector (J3)
Connector J3 contains a pair of test points, which allow users to supply an external
linear signal, either from a real sensor or generated artificially for development
purposes.
DS70574A-page 14
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
Hardware
2.2
FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW
The block diagram shown in Figure 2-2 illustrates the operation of the Daughter Board.
FIGURE 2-2:
DAUGHTER BOARD BLOCK DIAGRAM
Output Offset Adjustment
Differential
Amplifier
Thermocouple
Anti-Aliasing
Low-Pass Filter
AN9
TC1047A
Temperature
Sensor IC
AN8
Explorer 16
Development
Board
Connector
Level Shift Adjustment
Linear
Signal
Level
Shifter
2.2.1
Anti-Aliasing
Low-Pass Filter
Anti-Aliasing
Low-Pass Filter
AN7
Thermocouple Signal Conditioning
The incoming signals come from the differential voltage outputs of a thermocouple (not
included with the Daughter Board) plugged into thermocouple connector J1. These
signals are amplified by a differential amplifier implemented using three operational
amplifiers in an MCP619 quad op amp device. The external components of the
differential amplifier have been selected to provide amplification by a factor of 249.
The fourth op amp in this device is used to provide a constant 1.65V voltage reference
to the differential amplifier as well as to the level shifter circuit (described in
Section 2.2.3 “Linear Sensor Signal Conditioning”). Depending on application
requirements, the user can adjust the output offset of the differential amplifier by
adjusting the potentiometer R38.
Some users may choose to perform input offset calibration of the differential amplifier.
This can be accomplished by mounting a capacitor (C3) and installing a jumper on J5.
The single-ended output of the differential amplifier is routed to an MCP617 dual op
amp device. The two op amps in this device are configured to serve as an anti-aliasing
low-pass filter, in a 4th-order Sallen-Key structure. This limits the bandwidth of the input
signal to approximately 3300 Hz. The output of this filter is routed to pin 69 of the PICtail
Plus interface header J4 on the Explorer 16 Development Board, for analog-to-digital
conversion and further processing by a dsPIC33F or PIC24H device. For a
dsPIC33FJ12GP202 Plug-in Module (PIM), this pin is routed to the ADC input AN9 of
the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device.
2.2.2
Temperature Sensor IC Signal Conditioning
A TC1047A temperature sensor IC is provided on the Daughter Board. The output
voltage of the temperature sensor IC has an amplitude of 10 mV per degree Celsius
and a constant output voltage offset of 500 mV. This signal is primarily intended to ease
the implementation of cold junction compensation in the application software by
providing an approximate reference for the temperature of the Daughter Board itself.
However, the TC1047A can also be used independently as an alternative temperature
sensor.
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 15
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
The single-ended output of the TC1047A device is routed to an MCP617 dual op amp
device. The two op amps in this device are configured to serve as an anti-aliasing
low-pass filter, identical to the filter used in the thermocouple signal conditioning circuit.
The output of this filter is routed to pin 70 of the PICtail Plus interface header J4 on the
Explorer 16 Development Board, for analog-to-digital conversion and further
processing by a dsPIC33F or PIC24H device. For a dsPIC33FJ12GP202 PIM, this pin
is routed to the ADC input AN8 of the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device.
2.2.3
Linear Sensor Signal Conditioning
The Daughter Board also contains a generic signal interface for any linear sensor
signals with a maximum peak-to-peak voltage of 3.3V. The signal can come from a
sensor located external to the board; alternately, it can simply be an artificially
generated signal (e.g., from a function generator) used to model a particular sensor
output during application development. Whatever the source, the signal can be
supplied to pins 1 and 2 on connector J3, or only supplied to pin 1 with pin 2 grounded.
Often, the signal may be bipolar, which means it can have values less than 0V. Since
the signal is required to be sampled by the on-chip ADC on a dsPIC33F or PIC24H
device, its level must be shifted up such that the signal becomes unipolar, so that it
stays above 0V at all times. This functionality, illustrated in Figure 2-3, is provided by a
level shifter circuit on the Daughter Board. The level shifter is implemented using one
op amp of an MCP602 dual op amp device. This level shifter circuit is essentially an
inverting differential amplifier, with the non-inverting input derived from the positive
voltage rail. The level of the signal midpoint can be adjusted (between 0V and 3.3V)
using potentiometer R30, and the level shifter circuit can be included or bypassed by
installing a jumper in the 1-2 position (indicated on the Daughter Board by an arrow
beside the jumper) or the 2-3 position, respectively, of jumper JP2.
The other op amp in the MCP602 acts as a buffer. A buffer is essentially a non-inverting
amplifier with unity gain, and prevents the output circuit from loading the input circuit
and distorting the signals as a result.
The output of the buffer is provided to an anti-aliasing low-pass filter, implemented as
an 8th-order Sallen-Key structure. The output of this filter is routed to pin 38 of the
PICtail Plus interface header J4 on the Explorer 16 Development Board, for
analog-to-digital conversion and further processing by a dsPIC33F or PIC24H device.
For a dsPIC33FJ12GP202 PIM, this pin is routed to the ADC input AN7 of the
dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device.
FIGURE 2-3:
LEVEL SHIFTER OPERATION
+3.3V
+1.65V
+1.65V
0V
0V
-1.65V
Before Level Shifter
DS70574A-page 16
After Level Shifter
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT
SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS
DAUGHTER BOARD
Chapter 3. Thermal Interface Demonstration
This chapter describes a simple program that demonstrates how to use the Daughter
Board to capture and process signals from a common type of temperature sensor: a
K-type thermocouple. Topics covered include:
•
•
•
•
3.1
Overview
Hardware Setup
Software Setup
Running The Demonstration
OVERVIEW
The CD that accompanies the Daughter Board contains a thermal interface
demonstration application. All files pertaining to this demonstration are located in the
following folder on the CD: demo\Thermal Interface Demo.
As shown in Figure 3-1, this sample application uses the Daughter Board to perform
signal conditioning on the output of a K-type thermocouple, and uses the on-chip ADC
of the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device to convert the signal to a digital form.
The TC1047A temperature sensor IC on the Daughter Board is utilized to perform cold
junction compensation in the application software. In addition, the application software
uses the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) features of the dsPIC33F architecture to
perform averaging and linearization of the converted sensor output samples.
Finally, the application converts the linearized voltage to its corresponding temperature
equivalent, and displays this temperature in the Watch window and the Data Monitor
and Control Interface (DMCI) using the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator.
FIGURE 3-1:
THERMAL INTERFACE DEMONSTRATION
dsPIC33FJ12GP202
AN9
Block
Averaging
Conditioned
Thermocouple
Signals
AN8
Conditioned
TC1047A
Signals
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
Cold Junction
Compensation
Linearization
and
Conversion to
Temperature
Block
Averaging
Data Monitor and
Control Interface
(MPLAB® REAL ICE™
in-circuit emulator)
DS70574A-page 17
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
The demonstration program consists of the following basic software elements:
• ADC Driver
• Averaging and Cold Junction Compensation Function
• Linearization
3.1.1
ADC Driver
The ADC driver reads the incoming signals from the thermocouple and the temperature
sensor IC (after signal conditioning by the differential amplifier and anti-aliasing filter)
on the 12-bit ADC channels AN9 and AN8, respectively. The source code file,
adcDrv1.c, contains the ADC initialization function initAdc1() as well as the ADC
Interrupt Service Routine (ISR).
The thermocouple signal samples are stored in a 128-sample array named TC_Buff
and the TC1047A signal samples are stored in a 128-sample array named CJC_Buff.
3.1.2
Averaging and Cold Junction Compensation Function
The thermocouple samples stored in TC_Buff are added with the running sum being
accumulated in accumulator A. Similarly, accumulator B is used to add all of the
TC1047A samples stored in CJC_Buff. This accumulation is performed very efficiently
using a DO loop instruction.
Note that the voltage generated by the thermocouple does not compensate for the
temperature of the cold junction (which refers to the ends of the thermocouple that are
plugged into the connector on the board). The temperature of the cold junction is
typically very close to the temperature of the board surface; therefore, the TC1047A
temperature sensor IC samples are used as the cold junction reference. Since
accumulators A and B now contain the running sum of the thermocouple and TC1047A
respectively, the two accumulators are added to each other using the 32-bit
accumulator-to-accumulator ADD instruction.
Finally, the SAC instruction is utilized to store the result back into the variable
AverageVoltage. Moreover, as part of the accumulator write-back, the data is shifted
right by 7 bits, resulting in a division by 128. Therefore, the variable AverageVoltage
now contains the average cold-junction-compensated sensor voltage output.
3.1.3
Linearization
For many temperature sensors, including thermocouples, the sensor output does not
have an exact linear relationship to the physical quantity (temperature, in this case)
being measured. Therefore, the output voltage must be linearized. A common method
of linearizing sensor output voltages is to compute a standard polynomial. This
demonstration utilizes a standardized polynomial for K-type thermocouples, as shown
in Equation 3-1.
EQUATION 3-1:
K-TYPE THERMOCOUPLE POLYNOMIAL
2
V O = ( 25.132785 ) ⋅ V IN – ( 60.883423 ) ⋅ V IN + ...
Since the voltages and higher-order coefficients are small in magnitude in this
application, the demonstration only computes a 2nd-order polynomial and neglects the
higher-order coefficients. This operation is performed by the Linearize() function in
the Linearize.s source file. Dual-operand DSP instructions such as MAC and MPY
have been utilized to compute this polynomial in only seven instruction cycles, and the
linearized result is stored in the variable LinearOut.
Finally, the main application converts the linearized voltage into a floating point variable
named Temperature, which provides the absolute temperature of the thermocouple
junction in degrees Celsius.
DS70574A-page 18
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
Thermal Interface Demonstration
3.2
HARDWARE SETUP
To use this demonstration, you will need the following hardware:
•
•
•
•
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
Explorer 16 Development Board
dsPIC33FJ12GP202 Plug-In Module (MA330015)
PC running the following software:
- MPLAB IDE software, version 8.10 or higher
- MPLAB C30 compiler, version 3.01 or higher
• MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator
• Any standard K-type thermocouple with a connector
Before programming or running the demonstration application, make the following
hardware connections:
1. Plug in a K-type thermocouple into the J1 socket of the Daughter Board.
2. Insert the Daughter Board into the J5 socket of the Explorer 16 Development
Board.
3. On the Explorer 16 Development Board, insert a dsPIC33FJ12GP202 PIM.
4. On the Explorer 16 Development Board, make sure that switch S2 is set to the
PIM position and the jumper J7 is set to the PIC24 position.
5. Connect the Explorer 16 Development Board to the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit
emulator using an RJ-11 cable, and connect the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit
emulator to the PC using a USB cable.
6. Connect a 9V power supply to the Explorer 16 Development Board.
3.3
SOFTWARE SETUP
To program the demonstration application into the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device and set
up the required software tools, perform the following steps:
1. Open the demo\Thermal Interface Demo\Thermal_Demo.mcw
workspace in MPLAB IDE.
2. Select Project>Build All to compile and link the demonstration application
program. Make sure the code compiles and links with no errors.
3. If the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator is not enabled, enable it by selecting
Debugger>MPLAB REAL ICE. Make sure the PC connects to the MPLAB REAL
ICE in-circuit emulator and the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device is detected.
4. If the DMCI window is not open, open it by selecting Tools>Data Monitor and
Control Interface. The window should open with the Data Capture: LinearOut
graph highlighted in the Dynamic Data View tab (and the corresponding box
checked), as shown in Figure 3-2.
If you do not see this graph, click the Load Profile button at the bottom of the
DMCI window, browse to the demo\Thermal Interface Demo folder, and
open the Thermal_Demo.dmci file. This will load the characteristics and data
setup and format information for the graph.
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 19
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
FIGURE 3-2:
DMCI DYNAMIC DATA VIEW
5.
DS70574A-page 20
If the Watch window is not open, open it by selecting View>Watch. You should
see the Temperature and LinearOut variables displayed with the blue and
brown diamonds visible in the Update column, as shown in Figure 3-3. If either
of the two diamonds is dimmed, you will need to right click and enable Runtime
Watch and Runtime Capture for the LinearOut variable.
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
Thermal Interface Demonstration
FIGURE 3-3:
WATCH WINDOW CONFIGURATION
6. Select Debugger>Program to program the demonstration application into the
dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device.
3.4
RUNNING THE DEMONSTRATION
To run the demonstration and observe the results, perform the following steps:
1. While in MPLAB IDE, select Debugger>Reset to reset MPLAB REAL ICE
in-circuit emulator.
2. Select Debugger>Run to run the demonstration program.
3. Allow the program to run for a few seconds, and then halt program execution by
selecting Debugger>Halt.
4. You should see the temperature value displayed in the Watch window variable
Temperature. Note that a temperature close to 25 degrees Celsius is displayed
if the thermocouple junction is kept at room temperature.
5. If you see a significantly smaller or larger temperature value displayed, adjust the
R38 potentiometer screw using a small screwdriver and repeat steps 1-4 until
you see a temperature close to room temperature (i.e., 25ºC).
6. Repeat steps 1-3, but this time with the thermocouple junction either dipped in a
hot liquid, touching a warm surface, or simply held tightly between your fingers.
As long as the program is running, you should see the LinearOut variable
value in the Watch window continuously increasing and decreasing with
temperature. You should also see the corresponding graph in the DMCI window
rising and falling with temperature. On halting the program execution, you should
see the current temperature displayed in the Watch window.
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 21
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
NOTES:
DS70574A-page 22
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT
SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS
DAUGHTER BOARD
Chapter 4. Linear Interface Demonstration
This chapter describes a simple program that demonstrates how to use the Daughter
Board to capture and process signals from any generic linear sensor through the linear
sensor interface.
4.1
DEMONSTRATION OVERVIEW
The CD that accompanies the Daughter Board contains a linear interface demonstration application. All files pertaining to this demonstration are located in the following
folder on the CD: demo\Linear Interface Demo.
As shown in Figure 4-1, this sample application uses the Daughter Board to perform
signal conditioning on an incoming 3200 Hz sinusoidal signal, and uses the on-chip
ADC of the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device to convert the signal to a digital form. A
1700 Hz noise source is artificially added to the sampled signal in software, thereby
modeling the effect of narrowband noise on a sampled sensor signal.
In addition, the application software uses the DSP features of the dsPIC33F architecture to filter out the 1700 Hz narrowband noise using a highly selective notch filter. The
filtering is performed using the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filtering function from the
DSP library, which is included with the MPLAB C30 compiler.
The noise-corrupted input signal (filter input) and the noise-free output signal (filter
output) are plotted on the Data Monitor and Control Interface (DMCI) using the MPLAB
REAL ICE in-circuit emulator.
FIGURE 4-1:
LINEAR INTERFACE DEMONSTRATION
AN7
Conditioned 3200 Hz
Sinusoidal Signal
from Function Generator
Add 1700 Hz
Narrowband Noise
from Lookup Table
FIR Notch Filter
dsPIC33FJ12GP202
Data Monitor and Control Interface
(MPLAB® REAL ICE™
in-circuit emulator)
The demonstration program consists of the following basic software elements:
• ADC Driver
• Notch Filter
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 23
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
4.1.1
ADC Driver
The ADC driver reads the incoming signals from the linear interface (after signal
conditioning by the level shifter and anti-aliasing filter), on the 12-bit ADC channel AN7.
The source code file, adcDrv1.c, contains the ADC initialization function
initAdc1() as well as the ADC ISR.
Noise samples from the constant table NoiseSamples are added to successive input
samples, and the composite sample is then stored in a variable named
SignalNoiseIn.
4.1.2
Notch Filter
The Notch.s file contains the coefficients and other parameters of a 63-tap FIR filter
designed using the dsPIC DSC Filter Design tool. This filter has been designed to suppress narrowband (single-tone) noise at 1700 Hz while not attenuating the desired
3200 Hz signal. The filtered output sample is stored in a variable named SignalOut.
The actual filtering operation is performed using a pre-compiled function named FIR()
from the DSP library in the MPLAB C30 compiler. The DMCI utility in MPLAB REAL ICE
in-circuit emulator can be used to observe the filter input and output samples during run
time.
4.2
DEMONSTRATION HARDWARE SETUP
To use this demonstration, you will need the following hardware:
•
•
•
•
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail Plus Daughter Board
Explorer 16 Development Board
dsPIC33FJ12GP202 Plug-In Module (MA330015)
PC running the following software:
- MPLAB IDE software, version 8.10 or higher
- MPLAB C30 compiler, version 3.01 or higher
• MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator
• Any signal source such as a function generator that can generate a bipolar sinusoidal signal with its mid-point at 0V. For example, a Model 3001 Portable Audio
Generator from BK Precision was used for testing the linear interface. The signal
should be sufficiently attenuated (e.g., -20 dB) so as not to cause signal clipping
or saturation.
Before programming or running the demonstration application, make the following
hardware connections:
1. Connect the signal from the function generator (or other signal source) between
the positive and negative test points on the Linear Signal Connector J3 of the
Daughter Board.
2. Set up the function generator to generate a 3200 Hz sinusoidal signal. Adjust the
amplitude as needed.
3. On the Daughter Board, make sure the JP2 jumper is set to the 1-2 position (i.e.,
include the level shifter circuit in the signal path). Pin 1 of the jumper is indicated
by an arrow adjacent to the pin.
4. Insert the Daughter Board into the J5 socket of the Explorer 16 Development
Board.
5. On the Explorer 16 Development Board, insert a dsPIC33FJ12GP202 PIM.
6. On the Explorer 16 Development Board, make sure the switch S2 is set to the
PIM position and the jumper J7 is set to the PIC24 position.
7. Connect the Explorer 16 Development Board to the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit
emulator using an RJ-11 cable, and connect the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit
emulator to the PC using a USB cable.
8. Connect a 9V power supply to the Explorer 16 Development Board.
DS70574A-page 24
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
Linear Interface Demonstration
4.3
DEMONSTRATION SOFTWARE SETUP
To program the demonstration application into the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device and set
up the required software tools, perform the following steps:
1. Open the demo\Linear Interface Demo\Linear_Demo.mcw workspace
in MPLAB IDE.
2. Select Project>Build All to compile and link the demonstration application
program. Make sure the code compiles and links with no errors.
3. If the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator is not enabled, enable it by selecting
Debugger>MPLAB REAL ICE. Make sure the PC connects to the MPLAB REAL
ICE in-circuit emulator and that the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device is detected.
4. If the DMCI window is not open, open it by selecting Tools>Data Monitor and
Control Interface. This should open the DMCI window with the Data Capture:
SignalNoiseIn and Data Capture: SignalOut graphs highlighted (and the
corresponding boxes checked) in the Dynamic Data View tab.
If you do not see this graph, click the Load Profile button at the bottom of the
DMCI window, browse to the demo\Linear Interface Demo folder, and
open the Linear_Demo.dmci file. This will load the characteristics and data
setup and format information for the graph.
5. If the Watch window is not open, open it by selecting View>Watch. You should
see the SignalNoiseIn and SignalOut variables displayed with the
corresponding blue diamonds visible in the Update column, as shown in
Figure 4-2. If either of the two blue diamonds is dimmed, you will need to right
click and enable Runtime Capture for that particular variable.
FIGURE 4-2:
WATCH WINDOW CONFIGURATION
6. Select Debugger>Program to program the demonstration application into the
dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device.
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 25
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
4.4
RUNNING THE DEMONSTRATION
To operate the demonstration and observe the results, perform the following steps:
1. While in MPLAB IDE, select Debugger>Reset to reset MPLAB REAL ICE
in-circuit emulator.
2. Select Debugger>Run to run the demonstration program.
3. Allow the program to run for a few seconds, and then halt program execution by
selecting Debugger>Halt.
You should see the input and output signal sample values plotted on the two
graphs in the DMCI window. The plotting with stop after the DMCI's internal
8000-sample data buffer becomes full. However, due to the large number of data
points, the graph is not easy to analyze at this point. Therefore, the number of
data points needs to be reduced using steps 4 through 6.
4. Right click the SignalNoiseIn plot in the DMCI window and select Extended Functions>Customization, as shown in Figure 4-3.
FIGURE 4-3:
DS70574A-page 26
DMCI EXTENDED FUNCTIONS
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
Linear Interface Demonstration
5. In the Customization dialog box, choose the Selected radio button. Then, from
the list of data points, select the first 200 points as shown in Figure 4-4.
FIGURE 4-4:
DMCI DATA CAPTURE CUSTOMIZATION
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for the SignalOut graph.
Now that only 200 signal samples are displayed on the plots, it should be apparent that the SignalNoiseIn signal is a combination of two sinusoidal frequency
components as expected: the incoming 3200 Hz signal and the 1700 Hz noise
added in software. The SignalOut signal should resemble a relatively pure
3200 Hz sinusoidal signal. The expected appearance of the graphs is shown in
Figure 4-5.
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 27
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
FIGURE 4-5:
FILTER INPUT AND OUTPUT SIGNALS
7. If the signal mid-point (DC level) has a significant offset from 0V, adjust the R30
potentiometer screw using a small screwdriver and repeat steps 1 through 6 until
you see a well-shaped pair of graphs, as shown in Figure 4-4. If the
SignalNoiseIn looks like a single 1700 Hz sinusoidal signal, check your function
generator output and increase its amplitude as needed. Otherwise, if the signals
look clipped or saturated, decrease the signal amplitude on your function
generator.
DS70574A-page 28
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT
SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS
DAUGHTER BOARD
Appendix A. Schematics and Layout
This appendix contains the layout and schematics for the Thermal/Linear Intelligent
Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board.
FIGURE A-1:
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS DAUGHTER BOARD
LAYOUT
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 29
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
FIGURE A-2:
DS70574A-page 30
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS DAUGHTER BOARD
SCHEMATIC (SHEET 1 OF 3)
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE A-3:
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS DAUGHTER BOARD SCHEMATIC (SHEET 2 OF 3)
Schematics and Layout
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 31
FIGURE A-4:
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS DAUGHTER BOARD SCHEMATIC (SHEET 3 OF 3)
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board
DS70574A-page 32
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT
SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS
DAUGHTER BOARD
Index
A
L
ADC Driver ..........................................................18, 24
Averaging and Cold Junction
Compensation Function ....................................... 18
Level Shifter Operation ............................................ 16
Linear Interface Demonstration................................ 23
DMCI Data Capture Customization................... 27
DMCI Extended Functions ................................ 26
Filter Input and Output Signals ......................... 28
Hardware Setup ................................................ 24
Running The Demonstration ............................. 26
Software Setup ................................................. 25
Watch Window Configuration............................ 25
Linear Sensor Signal Conditioning........................... 16
Linearization............................................................. 18
C
Customer Notification Service.................................... 5
Customer Support ...................................................... 6
D
Documentation
Conventions ........................................................ 3
Layout ................................................................. 1
H
Hardware Components
16-bit 28-pin Starter Development Board
Connector (J2).................................... 13
Anti-Aliasing Low-Pass Filter for
Linear Signal (U5) .............................. 13
Anti-Aliasing Low-Pass Filter for
Temperature Sensor IC Signal (U6) ... 13
Anti-Aliasing Low-Pass Filter for
Thermocouple Signal (U2) ................. 13
Differential Amplifier for Thermocouple
Signal (U3) ......................................... 13
Explorer 16 PICtail Plus Connector (J4) ........... 13
Jumper for Offset Calibration of Differential
Amplifier (J5) ...................................... 13
Jumper to Include or Bypass Level
Shifter (JP2) ....................................... 14
Level Shifter for Linear Signal (U7)................... 14
Linear Signal Connector (J3) ............................ 14
Potentiometer for Differential Amplifier
Output Offset Adjustment (R38) ......... 13
Potentiometer for Level Shifter
Adjustment (R30) ............................... 14
Thermocouple Connector (J1) .......................... 14
I
Internet Address......................................................... 5
K
K-type Thermocouple Polynomial ............................ 18
M
Microchip Internet Web Site ....................................... 5
N
Notch Filter............................................................... 24
R
Reading, Recommended ........................................... 4
S
Schematics
Sheet 1 of 3....................................................... 30
Sheet 2 of 3....................................................... 31
Sheet 3 of 3....................................................... 32
T
Temperature Sensor IC Signal Conditioning............ 15
Thermal Interface Demonstration............................. 17
DMCI Dynamic Data View ................................ 20
Hardware Setup ................................................ 19
Running the Demonstration .............................. 21
Software Setup ................................................. 19
Watch Window Configuration............................ 21
Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail
Plus Daughter Board .............................................. 8
Block Diagram................................................... 15
Board Layout..................................................... 29
Hardware Components ..................................... 12
Setup................................................................... 9
Thermocouple Signal Conditioning .......................... 15
W
Warranty Registration ................................................ 4
WWW Address........................................................... 5
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70574A-page 33
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Tel: 31-416-690399
Fax: 31-416-690340
Spain - Madrid
Tel: 34-91-708-08-90
Fax: 34-91-708-08-91
UK - Wokingham
Tel: 44-118-921-5869
Fax: 44-118-921-5820
China - Zhuhai
Tel: 86-756-3210040
Fax: 86-756-3210049
01/02/08
DS70574A-page 34
© 2008 Microchip Technology Inc.