M
FilterLab®2.0
User’s Guide
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
•
Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
•
Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.
•
There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip's Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.
•
Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
•
Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
products. Attempts to break microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
Information contained in this publication regarding device
applications and the like is intended through suggestion only
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
No representation or warranty is given and no liability is
assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect
to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of
patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such
use or otherwise. Use of Microchip’s products as critical
components in life support systems is not authorized except
with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are
conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual
property rights.
Trademarks
The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron,
dsPIC, KEELOQ, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART,
PRO MATE and PowerSmart are registered trademarks of
Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other
countries.
AmpLab, FilterLab, microID, MXDEV, MXLAB, PICMASTER,
SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are
registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated
in the U.S.A.
Application Maestro, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, ECAN,
ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB,
In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, microPort,
Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM,
PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PowerCal, PowerInfo,
PowerMate, PowerTool, rfLAB, rfPIC, Select Mode,
SmartSensor, SmartShunt, SmartTel and Total Endurance are
trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the
U.S.A. and other countries.
Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) is a service mark
of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
© 2003, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper.
Microchip received QS-9000 quality system
certification for its worldwide headquarters,
design and wafer fabrication facilities in
Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999
and Mountain View, California in March 2002.
The Company’s quality system processes and
procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its
PICmicro® 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ® code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals,
non-volatile memory and analog products. In
addition, Microchip’s quality system for the
design and manufacture of development
systems is ISO 9001 certified.
DS51419A-page ii
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
M
FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide
Table of Contents
General Information
Introduction .......................................................................................... 1
About This Guide ................................................................................. 2
The Microchip Internet Web Site .......................................................... 2
Customer Support ................................................................................ 3
Chapter 1. Dialog Boxes
1.1 Dialog Boxes ................................................................................ 5
Chapter 2. Wizards
2.1 Anti-Aliasing Wizard ................................................................... 19
2.2 Filter Selection Wizard ............................................................... 25
Chapter 3. Toolbar
3.1 Buttons ....................................................................................... 35
3.2 Approximation Combo Box ........................................................ 38
3.3 Frequency Textboxes ................................................................. 39
Chapter 4. Menus
4.1 File ............................................................................................. 41
4.2 Edit ............................................................................................. 44
4.3 View ........................................................................................... 45
4.4 Filter ........................................................................................... 46
4.5 Window ...................................................................................... 47
4.6 Help ............................................................................................ 47
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page iii
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
Chapter 5. Window Views
5.1 Frequency View ..........................................................................49
5.2 Circuit View .................................................................................50
5.3 Spice Listing View ......................................................................51
Appendix A. FilterLab 2.0 to SPICE Interface
A.1 Introduction And Highlights......................................................... 53
Appendix B. Filter Magnitude Templates
B.1 Introduction................................................................................. 57
Appendix C. Group Delay
C.1 Introduction................................................................................. 63
Appendix D. Bessel Filter Response
D.1 Introduction................................................................................. 65
Appendix E. Op Amp Selection
E.1 Introduction................................................................................. 67
Appendix F. Selected References
F.1 Introduction................................................................................. 71
Worldwide Sales and Service ................................................................. 72
DS51419A-page iv
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
M
FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide
General Information
INTRODUCTION
FilterLab® 2.0 is an innovative software tool that simplifies active filter design. Available
at no cost from Microchip’s web site (www.microchip.com), the FilterLab 2.0 active filter
software design tool provides full schematic diagrams of the filter circuit with
recommended component values and displays the frequency response.
FilterLab 2.0 allows the design of low-pass filters up to an 8th order filter with Chebychev, Bessel or Butterworth responses from frequencies of 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. FilterLab
2.0 also can be used to design band-pass and high-pass filters with Chebychev and
Butterworth responses. The circuit topologies supported by FilterLab 2.0 are the Sallen
Key and Multiple Feedback (MFB). The low-pass filters can use either the Sallen Key
or MFB, the band-pass is available with the MFB and the high-pass uses the Sallen
Key.
Users can select a flat pass band or sharp transition from pass band to stopand.
Options (such as minimum ripple factor, sharp transition and linear phase delay) are
available. Once the filter response has been identified, FilterLab 2.0 generates the frequency response and the circuit. For maximum design flexibility, changes in capacitor
values can be implemented to fit the demands of the application. FilterLab 2.0 will
recalculate all values to meet the desired response, allowing real-world values to be
substituted or changed as part of the design process.
FilterLab 2.0 also generates a SPICE model of the designed filter. Extraction of this
model will allow time domain analysis in SPICE simulations, streamlining the design
process.
Further consideration is given to designs used in conjuction with an Analog-to-Digital
Converter (ADC). A suggested filter can be generated by simply inputting the bit
resolution and sample rate via the Anti-Aliasing Wizard. This eliminates erroneous
signals folded back into the digital data due to the aliasing effect.
This section also covers the following topics:
• About This Guide
• The Microchip Internet Web Site
• Customer Support
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 1
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
ABOUT THIS GUIDE
Document Layout
The User’s Guide layout is as follows:
• General Information – this section describes how to use the FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide.
• Chapter 1: Dialog Boxes – this section describes the dialog boxes and their
uses.
• Chapter 2: Wizards – this section describes the Filter Selection Wizard and helps
you design a filter.
• Chapter 3: Toolbars – this section describes the toolbars and their functions.
• Chapter 4: Menus – this section describes the menus and their functions.
• Chapter 5: Window Views – this section describes the window views and how
they are used.
• Worldwide Sales and Service – this section gives the address, telephone and
fax number for Microchip Technology Inc. sales and service locations throughout
the world.
THE MICROCHIP INTERNET WEB SITE
Microchip provides on-line support on the Microchip World Wide Web (WWW) site.
The web site is used by Microchip as a means to make files and information easily
accessible to customers. To view the site, the user must have access to the internet
and a web browser, such as Netscape® Communicator or Microsoft® Internet
Explorer ®. Files are also available for FTP download from our FTP site.
Connecting to the Microchip Internet Web Site
The Microchip web site is available by using your favorite Internet browser to connect
to:
http://www.microchip.com
The file transfer site is available by using an FTP program/client to connect to:
ftp://ftp.microchip.com
The web site and file transfer site provide a variety of services. Users may
download files for the latest Development Tools, Data Sheets, Application Notes,
User's Guides, Articles and Sample Programs. A variety of Microchip specific business
information is also available, including listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors
and factory representatives. Other data available for consideration is:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
DS51419A-page 2
Latest Microchip Press Releases
Technical Support Section with Frequently Asked Questions
Design Tips
Device Errata
Job Postings
Microchip Consultant Program Member Listing
Links to other useful web sites related to Microchip Products
Conferences for products, Development Systems, technical information and more
Listing of seminars and events
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels:
•
•
•
•
•
Distributor or Representative
Local Sales Office
Field Application Engineer (FAE)
Corporate Applications Engineer (CAE)
Hot Line
Customers should call their distributor, representative or field application engineer
(FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. See the
back cover for a listing of sales offices and locations.
Corporate Applications Engineers (CAEs) may be contacted at (480) 792-7627.
In addition, there is a Systems Information and Upgrade Line. This line provides system
users a listing of the latest versions of all of Microchip's development systems software
products. Plus, this line provides information on how customers can receive any
currently available upgrade kits.
The Hot Line numbers are:
• 1-800-755-2345 for U.S. and most of Canada, and
• 1-480-792-7302 for the rest of the world
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 3
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS51419A-page 4
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
M
FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide
Chapter 1. Dialog Boxes
1.1
DIALOG BOXES
1.1.1
Filter Design Dialog
The Filter Design dialog enables the user to create a filter by specifying all aspects of
the filter.
1.1.2
Filter Specification Tab
The Filter Specification tab enables the user to specify the approximation type, the
selectivity and the gain. Select any approximation, the selectivity for the approximation
and the overall filter gain. The maximum allowed gain is 10 V/V. After specifying the
approximation, selectivity and gain, select OK or the Filter Parameters tab.
Note:
Bessel approximations only support low-pass selectivities. Therefore, when
the Bessel approximation is selected, the only available selectivity will be
low-pass.
FIGURE 1-1:
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Filter Specification Tab
DS51419A-page 5
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
FIGURE 1-2:
DS51419A-page 6
Filter Specification Tab with Bessel Selected
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
1.1.3
Filter Parameters Tab
Figures 1-4, 1-5 and 1-6 demonstrate the location of the pass band and stop band
upper and lower frequencies. For all selectivities, a pass and a stop represent the pass
band and stop band attenuations. For low-pass selectivities (Figure 1-4), fpass and fstop
represent the pass band and stop band frequencies. For high-pass selectivities
(Figure 1-5), fpass and fstop represent the pass band and stop band frequencies. For
low-pass selectivities (Figure 1-6), fpass upper and fpass lower represent the pass band
and upper and lower frequencies, while fstop upper and fstop lower represent the stop
band and upper and lower frequencies.
FIGURE 1-3:
Filter Parameters Tab
The Filter Parameters tab enables the user to modify the filter’s parameters.
Figures 1-4, 1-5 and 1-6 provide a simplified representation of the filter specification
parameters. A detailed discussion of the filter specification is provided in Appendix B,
“Filter Magnitude Templates”.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 7
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
Attenuation (dB)
Pass Band
Transition
Region
Stop Band
a pass
a stop
f stop
f pass
FIGURE 1-4:
Frequency (Hz)
Parameter Definitions for Low-pass Selectivity
Attenuation (dB)
Stop Band
Transition
Region
Pass Band
a pass
a stop
f pass
FIGURE 1-5:
DS51419A-page 8
f stop
Frequency (Hz)
Parameter Definitions for High-pass Selectivity
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
Attenuation (dB)
Stop Band
Transition
Region
Pass Band
Transition
Region
Stop Band
a pass
a stop
f stop lower
FIGURE 1-6:
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
f pass lower
Frequency (Hz)
f pass upper f stop upper
Parameter Definitions for Band-pass Selectivity
DS51419A-page 9
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
1.1.3.1
FILTER ORDER
The Force Filter Order option enables the user to specify the filter order or have the
program calculate the filter order based on the dialog entries. To force the filter order,
select the Force Filter Order checkbox. When the checkbox is selected, the user
specifies the Pass Band Attenuation and the Pass Band frequencies. FilterLab 2.0 then
calculates the Stop Band Attenuation and Stop Band frequencies based on the order.
When the checkbox is not selected, the user specifies the attenuation and all frequency
values. FilterLab 2.0 then calculates the order based on the attenuation and frequency
values.
Note:
Bessel approximations only support forced filter orders. When the Bessel
approximation is selected, the Force Filter Order checkbox will be checked
and disabled.
FIGURE 1-7:
DS51419A-page 10
Filter Parameters Tab with Force Filter Order Selected
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
FIGURE 1-8:
1.1.3.2
Filter Parameters Tab with Bessel Approximation Selected
PASS BAND ATTENUATION
The Pass Band Attenuation is the change in magnitude of the frequencies in the pass
band. The Pass Band Attenuation for each selectivity (low-pass, high-pass, band-pass)
is shown in Figures 1-4, 1-5 and 1-6. The allowable range is -0.01 dB to -3 dB. If a value
beyond this range is entered in the Filter Parameters tab, the error message shown in
Figure 1-9 will appear.
FIGURE 1-9:
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Error Message
DS51419A-page 11
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
1.1.3.3
STOP BAND ATTENUATION
The Stop Band Attenuation is the minimum reduction in magnitude of the frequencies
in the stop band relative to the pass band. The Stop Band Attenuation for each selectivity is shown in Figures 1-4, 1-5 and 1-6. The allowable range is -10 dB to -100 dB. If
a value beyond this range is entered in the Filter Parameters tab, the error message
shown in Figure 1-10 will appear.
FIGURE 1-10:
1.1.3.4
Error Message
PASS BAND FREQUENCY
The Pass Band Frequency is the starting point of the pass band, as shown in
Figures 1-4, 1-5 and 1-6. The allowable range is 0.1 Hz to 1,000,000 Hz. If a value
beyond this range is entered in the Filter Parameters tab, the error message shown in
Figure 1-11 will appear.
FIGURE 1-11:
1.1.3.4.1
Error Message
Low-pass
The Pass Band Frequency must be lower than the Stop Band Frequency for low-pass
filters. If a value is entered in the Filter Parameters tab which is larger than the Stop
Band Frequency, the error message shown in Figure 1-12 will appear.
FIGURE 1-12:
DS51419A-page 12
Error Message
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
1.1.3.4.2
High-pass
The Pass Band Frequency must be greater than the Stop Band Frequency for
high-pass selectivities. If a value is entered in the Filter Parameters tab that is smaller
than the Stop Band Frequency, the error message shown in Figure 1-13 will appear.
FIGURE 1-13:
1.1.3.4.3
Error Message
Band-pass
The Pass Band Lower Frequency must be lower than the Pass Band Upper Frequency
and both Stop Band Frequencies for band-pass selectivities. If a value is entered in
the Filter Parameters tab that is greater than the Stop Band Frequency or Pass Band
Upper Frequency, the error message shown in Figures 1-14 and 1-15 will appear.
FIGURE 1-14:
Error Message
FIGURE 1-15:
Error Message
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 13
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
1.1.3.5
STOP BAND FREQUENCY
The Stop Band Frequency is the starting point of the stop band, as shown in Figures
1-4, 1-5 and 1-6. The allowable range is 0.1 Hz to 1,000,000 Hz. If a value beyond this
range is entered in the Filter Parameters tab, the error message shown in Figure 1-16
will appear.
FIGURE 1-16:
1.1.3.5.4
Error Message
Low-pass
The Stop Band Frequency must be greater than the Pass Band Frequency for low-pass
selectivities. If a value is entered in the Filter Parameters tab that is smaller than the
Pass Band Frequency, the error message shown in Figure 1-17 will appear.
FIGURE 1-17:
1.1.3.5.5
Error Message
High-pass
The Pass Band Frequency must be greater than the Stop Band Frequency for
High-pass selectivities. If a value is entered in the Filter Parameters tab that is smaller
than the Stop Band Frequency, the error message shown in Figure 1-18 will appear.
FIGURE 1-18:
DS51419A-page 14
Error Message
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
1.1.3.5.6
Band-pass
The Pass Band Lower Frequency must be lower than the Pass Band Upper Frequency
and both Stop Band Frequencies for band-pass selectivities. If a value is entered in
the Filter Parameters tab that is greater than the Stop Band Frequency or Pass Band
Upper Frequency, the error message shown in Figures 1-19 and 1-20 will appear.
FIGURE 1-19:
Error Message
FIGURE 1-20:
Error Message
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 15
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
1.1.4
Circuit Tab
The Circuit tab enables the user to modify the circuit topology and component values.
FIGURE 1-21:
1.1.4.1
Circuit Tab
RESISTOR SELECTION
The Resistor Selection enables the user to change from standard 1% resistors to the
exact calculated value. Changing the Resistor Selection affects all stages.
1.1.4.2
TOPOLOGY SELECTION
The Topology Selection enables the user to change the topology for Low-pass
selectivities.
Note:
1.1.4.3
Band-pass selectivities only support Multiple Feedback (MFB) topologies,
while the high-pass selectivities only support Sallen Key topologies.
Changing the topology only affects the stage for the active tab.
CAPACITOR SELECTION
The Capacitor Selection enables the user to change the value of a capacitor from the
default value calculated by FilterLab 2.0. FilterLab 2.0 automatically scales the other
resistors and capacitors of the filter section to maintain the desired filter specifications.
Changing the capacitor value only affects the capacitor that is selected. The capacitor
combo box is disabled unless a capacitor has been selected (Figure 1-21). To modify
a capacitor's value, select the appropriate stage tab, then select the capacitor to be
modified by left-clicking it with the mouse. When a capacitor is selected, it will be highlighted and the capacitor combo box will be enabled (Figure 1-22). Select “Automatic”
from the combo box to automatically calculate the capacitor value. Select a value to
force the capacitor to that value.
DS51419A-page 16
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
FIGURE 1-22:
1.1.5
Capacitor Selected
Cancel
To cancel changes made to the Specification, Parameters or Circuit tabs, select
Cancel.
1.1.6
OK
To implement changes made to the Specification, Parameters or Circuit tabs, select
OK.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 17
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS51419A-page 18
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
M
FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide
Chapter 2. Wizards
2.1
ANTI-ALIASING WIZARD
The Anti-Aliasing Wizard assists the user in designing a low-pass filter used with an
A/D converter. The wizard prompts the user for the bandwidth, the sampling frequency,
the resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio of the A/D converter.
FIGURE 2-1:
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Anti-Aliasing Wizard
DS51419A-page 19
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.1.1
Anti-Aliasing Wizard Filter Bandwidth Page
The Cut-off Frequency (Figure 2-2) determines the bandwidth of the anti-aliasing filter.
The frequency range is limited to values from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. If a value outside this
range is entered, the error message shown in Figure 2-3 will appear.
DS51419A-page 20
FIGURE 2-2:
Filter Bandwidth
FIGURE 2-3:
Error Message
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.1.2
Anti-Aliasing Wizard Sampling Frequency Page
Enter the Sampling Frequency of the A/D converter. The Sampling Frequency must be
greater than 2 * cut-off frequency. If a value which is less than 2 * cut-off frequency is
entered, the error message shown in Figure 2-5 will appear.
FIGURE 2-4:
Sampling Frequency
FIGURE 2-5:
Error Message
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 21
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.1.3
Anti-Aliasing Wizard Resolution Page
Enter the Resolution of the A/D converter. The Resolution must be between 8 and
24 bits. If a value outside this range is entered, the error message shown in Figure 2-7
will appear.
DS51419A-page 22
FIGURE 2-6:
Resolution
FIGURE 2-7:
Error Message
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.1.4
Anti-Aliasing Wizard Signal-to-Noise Page
Enter the desired Signal to Noise Ratio. The default value is 6.02 * bits + 1.76.
Decreasing the value will decrease the order of the filter, while increasing the value will
increase the filter order.
FIGURE 2-8:
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Signal to Noise Ratio
DS51419A-page 23
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.1.5
Anti-Aliasing Wizard Completion Page
The completion page summarizes the selections and presents the filter options. If the
previous settings cause a filter to have a higher order than allowed by the program, the
radio button for that option will be disabled.
Note:
Filters with an order greater than 8 typically are not practical. If the
calculated filter order is greater than 8, the user should evaluate increasing
the sampling rate.
FIGURE 2-9:
DS51419A-page 24
Completion Page
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.2
FILTER SELECTION WIZARD
The Filter Selection Wizard allows the specification of the selectivity, attenuation and
frequencies, then presents a table of data showing the order, frequencies and
attenuations for each approximation.
FIGURE 2-10:
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Filter Selection Wizard
DS51419A-page 25
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.2.1
Filter Selection Wizard Selectivity Page
The Filter Selectivity page allows the modification of the selectivity. The response of
the selected selectivity is displayed in the property page.
FIGURE 2-11:
DS51419A-page 26
Filter Selectivity
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.2.2
Filter Selection Wizard Specification Page
The Filter Specification page allows the modification of the filter parameters, attenuations and frequencies. The values are defined in Figures 1-4, 1-5 and 1-6. The
response of the selectivity is displayed in the property page.
FIGURE 2-12:
2.2.2.1
Filter Specification – Filter Parameters
PASS BAND ATTENUATION
The Pass Band Attenuation is the change in magnitude of the frequencies in the pass
band. The Pass Band Attenuation for each selectivity is shown in Figures 1-4, 1-5 and
1-6. The allowable range is -0.01 dB to -3 dB. If a value beyond this range is entered,
the error message shown in Figure 2-13 will appear.
FIGURE 2-13:
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Error Message
DS51419A-page 27
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.2.2.2
STOP BAND ATTENUATION
The Stop Band Attenuation is the change in magnitude of the frequencies in the stop
band. The Stop Band Attenuation for each selectivity is shown in Figures 1-4, 1-5 and
1-6. The allowable range is -10 dB to -100 dB. If a value beyond this range is entered,
the error message shown in Figure 2-14 will appear.
FIGURE 2-14:
2.2.2.3
Error Message
PASS BAND FREQUENCY
The Pass Band Frequency is the starting point of the pass band, as shown in
Figures 1-4, 1-5 and 1-6. The allowable range is 0.1 Hz to 1,000,000 Hz. If a value
beyond this range is entered, the error message shown in Figure 2-15 will appear.
FIGURE 2-15:
2.2.2.3.1
Error Message
Low-pass
The Pass Band Frequency must be lower than the Stop Band Frequency for low-pass
selectivities. If a value is entered which is larger than the Stop Band Frequency, the
error message shown in Figure 2-16 will appear.
FIGURE 2-16:
DS51419A-page 28
Error Message
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.2.2.3.2
High-pass
The Pass Band Frequency must be greater than the Stop Band Frequency for
high-pass selectivities. If a value is entered that is smaller than the Stop Band
Frequency, the error message shown in Figure 2-17 will appear.
FIGURE 2-17:
2.2.2.3.3
Error Message
Band-pass
The Pass Band Lower Frequency must be lower than the Pass Band Upper Frequency
and both Stop Band Frequencies for band-pass selectivities. If a value is entered that
is greater than the Stop Band Frequency or Pass Band Upper Frequency, the error
message shown in Figures 2-18 and 2-19 will appear.
FIGURE 2-18:
Error Message
FIGURE 2-19:
Error Message
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 29
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.2.2.4
STOP BAND FREQUENCY
The Stop Band Frequency is the starting point of the stop band, as shown in Figures
1-4, 1-5 and 1-6. The allowable range is 0.1 Hz to 1,000,000 Hz. If a value beyond
this range is entered, the error message shown in Figure 2-20 will appear.
FIGURE 2-20:
2.2.2.4.4
Error Message
Low-pass
The Stop Band Frequency must be greater than the Pass Band Frequency for low-pass
selectivities. If a value is entered that is smaller than the Pass Band Frequency, the
error message shown in Figure 2-21 will appear.
FIGURE 2-21:
2.2.2.4.5
Error Message
High-pass
The Pass Band Frequency must be greater than the Stop Band Frequency for
high-pass selectivities. If a value is entered that is smaller than the Stop Band
Frequency, the error message shown in Figure 2-22 will appear.
FIGURE 2-22:
DS51419A-page 30
Error Message
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.2.2.4.6
Band-pass
The Pass Band Lower Frequency must be lower than the Pass Band Upper Frequency
and both Stop Band Frequencies for band-pass selectivities. If a value is entered that
is greater than the Stop Band Frequency or Pass Band Upper Frequency, the error
message shown in Figures 2-23 and 2-24 will appear.
FIGURE 2-23:
Error Message
FIGURE 2-24:
Error Message
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 31
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.2.3
Filter Selection Wizard Approximation Page
The Filter Approximation page summarizes the filter settings and lists the calculated
Order and Stop Band Attenuation for each approximation.
Note:
If the calculated order for either approximation exceeds 8, the
approximation will be disabled. The user should consider modifying either
the pass band or stop band frequencies so that a more practical filter can
be produced.
FIGURE 2-25:
DS51419A-page 32
Filter Approximation
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
2.2.4
Filter Selection Wizard Completion Page
The Filter Completion page summarizes all selections made. To implement the filter,
click the Finish button.
FIGURE 2-26:
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Completion Page
DS51419A-page 33
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS51419A-page 34
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
M
FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide
Chapter 3. Toolbar
3.1
TOOLBAR
The toolbar provides a shortcut to FilterLab 2.0 program settings. Options available on
the toolbar can also be accessed from the menus or dialog boxes.
Filter
Design
Filter
Selection
Wizard
Circuit Anti-aliasing
Configuration Wizard
Zoom Zoom
Out
In
Button Button
Filter
Order
Low-pass Band-pass
Button
Button
Filter
Order
fSL
FIGURE 3-1:
3.2
High-pass
Button
Approximation
Combo Box
Overlay
fPL
fPH
fSH
Toolbar
BUTTONS
3.2.1
Filter Design
The Filter Design toolbar button (Figure 3-2) opens the Filter Design dialog box.
FIGURE 3-2:
3.2.2
Filter Design Button
Circuit Configuration
The Circuit Configuration toolbar button (Figure 3-3) opens the Filter Design dialog with
the Circuit tab active.
FIGURE 3-3:
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Circuit Configuration Button
DS51419A-page 35
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
3.2.3
Overlay
The Overlay button (Figure 3-4) enables the overlay feature. The overlay feature
overlays approximations selected from the toolbar's approximation combo box
(Figure 3-5) in the response view. The overlay button functions as a radio button. When
the overlay feature is enabled, the overlay button will be depressed. To overlay
approximations in the response view, select the first approximation to overlay from the
toolbar's approximation combo box. After the first approximation has been selected,
select the overlay button. Once the overlay button has been selected, any
approximations selected from the toolbar's approximation combo box will be overlayed
with the original approximation. A checkmark will appear next to all approximations that
have been selected to be overlayed. To disable the overlay feature, select the overlay
toolbar button.
Note:
Bessel approximations cannot be overlayed. Therefore, if you select the
Bessel approximation from the toolbar's approximation combo box, it will
not be overlayed with the other approximations.
FIGURE 3-4:
Overlay Button
FIGURE 3-5:
Approximation Combo Box
3.2.4
Low-pass
The Low-pass toolbar button (Figure 3-6) changes the selectivity to low-pass and the
frequencies to the default values with a pass band frequency of 1,000 Hz and a stop
band frequency of 10,000 Hz.
FIGURE 3-6:
DS51419A-page 36
Low-pass Button
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
3.2.5
High-pass
The High-pass toolbar button (Figure 3-7) changes the selectivity to high-pass and the
frequencies to the default values with a pass band frequency of 10,000 Hz and a stop
band frequency of 1,000 Hz. The High-pass toolbar button is disabled for Bessel
approximations.
FIGURE 3-7:
Note:
3.2.6
High-pass Button
Bessel approximations only support low-pass selectivities. The High-pass
toolbar button will be disabled when Bessel approximations are selected.
Band-pass
The Band-pass toolbar button (Figure 3-8) changes the selectivity to band-pass and
the frequencies to the default values with a lower pass band frequency of 1,000 Hz, an
upper pass band frequency of 5,000 Hz, a lower stop band frequency of 100 Hz and
an upper stop band frequency of 50,000 Hz. The Band-pass toolbar button is disabled
for Bessel approximations.
FIGURE 3-8:
Note:
3.2.7
Band-pass Button
Bessel approximations only support low-pass selectivities. The Band-pass
toolbar button will be disabled when Bessel approximations are selected.
Zoom-In
The Zoom-In button (Figure 3-9) zooms the response view towards the center of the
response. The zoom button has no affect on the Circuit or the SPICE views.
FIGURE 3-9:
3.2.8
Zoom-In Button
Zoom-Out
The Zoom-Out button (Figure 3-10) zooms the response view out from the center of the
response. The Zoom-Out button has no affect unless the response has been previously
zoomed with the Zoom-In button (Figure 3-9). The zoom button has no affect on the
Circuit or the SPICE views.
FIGURE 3-10:
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Zoom-Out Button
DS51419A-page 37
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
3.2.9
Filter Order
The Filter Order button (Figure 3-11) displays the filter's order and modifies that order.
Selecting the Filter Order arrow buttons will increase or decrease the order of the filter.
When the minimum or maximum order of the program is reached, the order will
automatically roll over. If the current design filter had the order automatically calculated
and one of the Filter Order arrow buttons is selected, the program automatically sets
the Force Filter Order flag (Figure 1-7) and forces the filter order to the value in the
Force Filter Order text box. Band-pass selectivities only have even order selectivities.
Therefore, the order will increment by two when a band-pass selectivity is selected.
FIGURE 3-11:
3.3
Filter Order
APPROXIMATION COMBO BOX
The Approximation combo box (Figure 3-12) changes the filter approximation.
Selecting All will enable the overlay feature and overlay all approximations, excluding
the Bessel approximation. The Bessel approximation is only available for low-pass
selectivities and forced filter orders. Therefore, when the Bessel approximation is
selected, the selectivity will be changed to low-pass and the Force Filter Order flag will
be enabled.
FIGURE 3-12:
Note:
DS51419A-page 38
Filter Approximation
Bessel approximations only support low-pass selectivities. Choosing a
selectivity other than low-pass changes the selectivity to low-pass and
resets the frequency values.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
3.4
FREQUENCY TEXT BOXES
The frequency text boxes provide a shortcut for modifying the pass band and stop band
frequencies. The range of values is limited to 0.1 Hz to 1,000,000 Hz.
The text boxes are enabled and disabled depending on the currently specified selectivity and whether the filter order is forced or calculated by the program. If the frequency
order is forced, there is only one frequency value that can be adjusted for low-pass and
high-pass selectivities and only two frequencies that can be adjusted for band-pass
selectivities. Therefore, only one text box will be enabled for low-pass and high-pass
selectivities and two text boxes will be enabled for band-pass selectivities.
3.4.1
Low-pass
When the Low-pass selectivity is specified, the left-most enabled text box represents
the filter's pass band frequency and the rightmost enabled text box represents the
filter's stop band frequency (Figure 3-13). When the filter order is forced only, the filter's
pass band frequency can be modified. Therefore, only the left most text box is enabled
(Figure 3-14).
FIGURE 3-13:
Frequency Text Boxes - Order Unforced
FIGURE 3-14:
Frequency Text Boxes - Order Forced
3.4.2
High-pass
When the High-pass selectivity is specified, the leftmost enabled text box represents
the filter's stop band frequency and the right most enabled text box represents the filter's pass band frequency (Figure 3-15). When the filter order is forced only, the filter's
pass band frequency can be modified. Therefore, only the right most text box is
enabled (Figure 3-16).
FIGURE 3-15:
Frequency Text Boxes - Order Unforced
FIGURE 3-16:
Frequency Text Boxes - Order Forced
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 39
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
3.4.3
Band-pass
When the band-pass selectivity is specified, the left most text box represents the filter's
lower stop band frequency. The second textbox represents the filter's lower pass band,
while the third text box represents the filter's upper pass band. The right most text box
represents the filter's pass band frequency (Figure 3-17). When the filter order is
forced, only the filter's lower and upper pass band frequencies can be modified.
Therefore, only the center text boxes are enabled (Figure 3-18).
DS51419A-page 40
FIGURE 3-17:
Frequency Text Boxes - Order Unforced
FIGURE 3-18:
Frequency Text Boxes - Order Forced
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
M
FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide
Chapter 4. Menus
4.1
4.2
MENUS
FIGURE 4-1:
Menu Bar
FIGURE 4-2:
File Menu
FILE
4.2.1
New
The New menu item (Figure 4-2) creates a new project with filter properties that are
independent of the original project. When selected, a new window will open for the new
project.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 41
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
4.2.2
Open
The Open menu item (Figure 4-2) opens a saved project. Select Open, then select the
previously saved project in the Open Project dialog box (Figure 4-3).
FIGURE 4-3:
4.2.3
Open Project Dialog
Close
The Close menu item (Figure 4-2) closes the currently active project.
4.2.4
Save
The Save menu item (Figure 4-2) saves the currently active project and changes the
title bar's file name (Figure 4-5) and spice listing's macro-model title (Figure 4-6), to the
specified file name in the Save File dialog box (Figure 4-4).
FIGURE 4-4:
DS51419A-page 42
Save Project Dialog
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
FIGURE 4-5:
Title Bar Filename
FIGURE 4-6:
SPICE Listing Model Title
4.2.5
Print
The Print menu item (Figure 4-2) prints the active view.
4.2.6
Print Preview
The Print Preview menu item (Figure 4-2) previews the active view.
4.2.7
Print Setup
The Print Setup menu item (Figure 4-2) opens the Print Setup dialog box (Figure 4-7).
FIGURE 4-7:
4.2.8
Print Setup Dialog
Exit
The Exit menu item (Figure 4-2) exits the program.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 43
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
4.3
EDIT
FIGURE 4-8:
4.3.1
Edit Menu
Select All
The Select All menu item (Figure 4-8) selects the text in the SPICE listing for copying
and pasting. The Select All menu item is only available when the SPICE view has
focus.
4.3.2
Copy
The Copy menu item (Figure 4-8) copies the active view or SPICE listing to the clipboard. It is enabled for the Response and Circuit views and is disabled for the SPICE
view unless text has been selected.
DS51419A-page 44
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
4.4
VIEW
FIGURE 4-9:
4.4.1
View Menu
Filter Views
The Filter View menu items (Figures 4-9 and 4-10) change the current view.
FIGURE 4-10:
4.4.2
Filter View Menu
Group Delay
The Group Delay menu item (Figure 4-9) changes the Response view's auxiliary data
to group delay. The Group Delay menu item is enabled only when the Response view
has focus.
4.4.3
Phase\Radians
The Phase\Radians menu item (Figure 4-9) changes the Response view's auxiliary
data to radians. The Phase\Radians menu item is enabled only when the Response
view has focus.
4.4.4
Phase\Degrees
The Phase\Degrees menu item (Figure 4-9) changes the Response view's auxiliary
data to phase. The Phase\Degrees menu item is enabled only when the Response
view has focus.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 45
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
4.5
FILTER
FIGURE 4-11:
4.5.1
Filter Menu
Design
The Design menu item (Figure 4-11) opens the Filter Design dialog box (Figure 1-1)
with the Filter Specification tab active.
4.5.2
Filter Selection Wizard
The Filter Selection Wizard menu item (Figure 4-11) opens the Filter Selection Wizard
dialog box (Figure 2-10).
4.5.3
Anti-Aliasing Wizard
The Anti-Aliasing Wizard menu item (Figure 4-11) opens the Anti-Aliasing Wizard
dialog box (Figure 2-1).
4.5.4
Overlay
The Overlay menu item is used to display both the frequency and phase or group delay
response of the filter.
DS51419A-page 46
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
4.6
WINDOW
FIGURE 4-12:
4.6.1
Window Menu
New Window
The New Window menu item (Figure 4-12) creates a new window for the current
project and changes to the filter design are represented in both windows. When a new
window is created, the title bar will change to [ProjectName]:[Window Number]. The
view listing in the View menu will have a new listing in the form [Project Name]:[Window
Number].
4.6.2
Cascade
The Cascade menu item (Figure 4-12) cascades all windows.
4.6.3
Tile
The Tile menu item tiles all windows.
4.6.4
Arrange Icons
The Arrange Icons menu item (Figure 4-12) arranges the minimized window icons at
the bottom of the main window.
4.7
HELP
FIGURE 4-13:
4.7.1
Help Menu
About
The About FilterLab menu item (Figure 4-13) opens the About dialog box.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 47
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS51419A-page 48
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
M
FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide
Chapter 5. Window Views
5.1
FREQUENCY VIEW
The Frequency View displays the filter response.
Menu available by
right clicking the
mouse button
FIGURE 5-1:
5.1.1
Frequency View
Axes
The left axis displays the attenuation of the filter. The default left axis scale is +10 dB
to -80 dB. The right axis displays either the phase in degrees or radians, or the group
delay. The frequency range is automatically set to three decades when the filter order
is forced.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 49
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
5.1.2
Pop-up Menu
5.1.2.1
PHASE/GROUP DELAY
The Phase/Group Delay pop-up menu item (Figure 5-1) changes the right axis to one
of the three right axis options. These options are:
• Group Delay
• Phase/Radians
• Phase/Degrees
5.1.2.2
SAVE AS JPEG
The Save as JPEG pop-up menu item (Figure 5-1) saves the Response view as a
JPEG file.
5.1.2.3
COPY
The Save as JPEG pop-up menu item (Figure 5-1) copies the Response view image to
the clipboard.
5.2
CIRCUIT VIEW
FIGURE 5-2:
5.2.1
Circuit View
Circuit Display
The Circuit View (Figure 5-2) displays the current circuit for the specified filter.
DS51419A-page 50
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
5.3
SPICE LISTING VIEW
Menu available by
right clicking the
mouse button
FIGURE 5-3:
SPICE Listing View
5.3.1
Popup Menu
5.3.1.1
COPY
The Copy pop-up menu item (Figure 5-3) copies the selected SPICE listing to the
clipboard. The Copy popup menu item is only enabled when spice text has been
selected in the Edit menu.
5.3.1.2
SAVE
The Save pop-up menu item (Figure 5-3) saves the SPICE listing to a text file. The
spice listings model name changes to the name of the file to which the listing is saved.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 51
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS51419A-page 52
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
M
FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide
Appendix A. FilterLab 2.0 to SPICE Interface
A.1
INTRODUCTION AND HIGHLIGHTS
FilterLab 2.0 provides a net list of the filter circuit that can be imported to a SPICE
simulator. The SPICE output of FilterLab 2.0 and the Microchip operational amplifiers
macromodels are designed to be compatible with PSPICE™ or other SPICE 2G6
circuit simulators. Other simulators may require translation.
The FilterLab 2.0 to PSPICE interface consists of a three-step procedure. First, the
filter is defined using either the Filter Design dialog box or the Filter Selection Wizard.
The second step consists of reviewing the frequency response and schematic of the
filter design. The last step consists of copying the net list filter that is provided in the
SPICE view to the SPICE simulator.
FilterLab 2.0 SPICE Design Example
*****************************************************************************
*****************************************************************************
*1 KHz Low-pass Filter
*2nd Order Butterworth Approximation
*Sallen-Key Circuit Topology
*MPC6001 Operational Amplifier PSPICE Macromodel
*****************************************************************************
*****************************************************************************
* AC Response Test
* Node 10 functions as the input to the filter network
V_IN 10 0 AC 1V
*
*
N#pts Start/Stop Freq.
.AC DEC 100
1 10MEG
*
* OP-AMP Power (pin 3 = V+, pin 4 = V-)
V_PWR_PLUS 3 0 2.5V
V_PWR_NEG 4 0 -2.5V
*CALL FILTER_DEMO
*CONNECTIONS:
*
INPUT
*
| OUTPUT
*
|
|
*
|
|
*
|
|
*
|
|
*
1
2
X1
10
20
CIRCUIT
POSITIVE POWER SUPPLY
|
NEGATIVE POWER SUPPLY
|
|
|
|
3
4
3
4 FilterLab1
.PROBE
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 53
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
*****************************************************************************
*****************************************************************************
* SUBCIRCUIT FOR SINGLE SUPPLY LOW-PASS FILTER
* CREATED USING FILTERLAB ON 8/7/2003 AT 14:31:15
* -----------------------------------------------------------* This model is being supplied as an aid to circuit designs.
* While it reflects reasonable close similarity to the actual
* filter in terms of performance, it is not suggested as a
* replacement for breadboarding. Simulation should be used as
* a forerunner or a supplement to traditional lab testing.
* Neither this model nor any part may be copied without the
* express written consent of Microchip Technology, Inc.
* -----------------------------------------------------------*
* 4TH ORDER BUTTERWORTH FILTER
* GAIN EQUALS 1
* CONNECTIONS: INPUT
*
| OUTPUT
*
|
|
POSITIVE POWER SUPPLY
*
|
|
|
NEGATIVE POWER SUPPLY
*
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
*
1
2
3
4
.SUBCKT FilterLab1 10
20
3
4
*************** Stage 1 ***************
R11 10 11 7870.000
R12 11 12 14700.000
C11 11 20 0.000000022
C12 12 0
0.00000001
X11 12 20 3
4
20 MCP6001
.ENDS
*****************************************************************************
*****************************************************************************
*PSPICE OPERATIONAL MODELS ARE AVAILABLE AT www.microchip.com
.SUBCKT MCP6001 1 2 3 4 5
*
| | | | |
*
| | | | Output
*
| | | Negative Supply
*
| | Positive Supply
*
| Inverting Input
*
Non-inverting Input
*
*****************************************************************************
* Software License Agreement
*
*The software supplied herewith by Microchip Technology Incorporated (the
*"Company") is intended and supplied to you, the Company's customer, for use
*solely and exclusively on Microchip products. The software is owned by
*the Company and/or its supplier, and is protected under applicable
*copyright laws. All rights are reserved. Any use in violation of the
*foregoing restrictions may subject the user to criminal sanctions under
*applicable laws,*as well as to civil liability for the breach of the terms
*and conditions of this license.
*
*
*THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED IN AN "AS IS" CONDITION. NO
*WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY,
*INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
*MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
*APPLY TO THIS SOFTWARE. THE COMPANY SHALL NOT, IN ANY
*CIRCUMSTANCES, BE LIABLE FOR * SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
*CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, FOR ANY REASON WHATSOEVER.
DS51419A-page 54
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
******************************************************************************
**
*
* Macromodel for the MCP6001/2/4 op amp family:
*
MCP6001 (single)
*
MCP6002 (dual)
*
MCP6004 (quad)
*
* Revision History:
*
REV A: 21-Jun-02, KEB (created model)
*
REV B: 16-Jul-02, KEB (improved output stage)
*
REV C: 03-Jan-03, KEB (added MCP6001)
*
* Recommendations:
*
Use PSPICE (or SPICE 2G6; other simulators may require translation)
*
For a quick, effective design, use a combination of: data sheet
*
specs, bench testing, and simulations with this macromodel
*
For high impedance circuits, set GMIN=100F in the .OPTIONS
*
statement
*
* Supported:
*
Typical performance at room temperature (25 degrees C)
*
DC, AC, Transient, and Noise analyses.
*
Most specs, including: offsets, DC PSRR, DC CMRR, input impedance,
*
open loop gain, voltage ranges, supply current, ... , etc.
*
* Not Supported:
*
Variation in specs vs. Power Supply Voltage
*
Distortion (detailed non-linear behavior)
*
Temperature analysis
*
Process variation
*
Behavior outside normal operating region
*
* Input Stage
V10 3 10 -300M
R10 10 11 6.90K
R11 10 12 6.90K
C11 11 12 115E-15
C12 1 0 6.00P
E12 1 14 POLY(4) 20 0 21 0 26 0 27 0
1.00M 20.1 20.1 1 1
I12 14 0 1.50P
M12 11 14 15 15 NMI L=2.00U W=42.0U
C13 14 2 3.00P
M14 12 2 15 15 NMI L=2.00U W=42.0U
I14 2 0 500E-15
C14 2 0 6.00P
I15 15 4 50.0U
V16 16 4 300M
D16 16 15 DL
V13 3 13 50M
D13 14 13 DL
*
* Noise, PSRR, and CMRR
I20 21 20 423U
D20 20 0 DN1
D21 0 21 DN1
G26 0 26 POLY(1) 3 4
110U -20.0U
R26 26 0 1
G27 0 27 POLY(2) 1 3 2 4
-440U 80.0U 80.0U
R27 27 0 1
*
* Open Loop Gain, Slew Rate
G30 0 30 POLY(1) 12 11
0 1.00K
R30 30 0 1
E31 31 0 POLY(1) 3 4
104 -2.33
D31 30 31 DL
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 55
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
E32 0 32 POLY(1) 3 4
140 -6.07
D32 32 30 DL
G33 0 33 POLY(1) 30 0
0 447
R33 33 0 1
C33 33 0 77.1M
G34 0 34 POLY(1) 33 0
0 1.00
R34 34 0 1.00
C34 34 0 50.2N
G35 0 35 POLY(2) 34 0 33 34
0 1.00 3.00
R35 35 0 1.00
*
* Output Stage
G50 0 50 POLY(1) 57 5
0 2.00
D51 50 51 DL
R51 51 0 1K
D52 52 50 DL
R52 52 0 1K
G53 3 0 POLY(1) 51 0
50.0U 1M
G54 0 4 POLY(1) 52 0
50.0U -1M
E55 55 0 POLY(2) 3 0 51 0
-10M 1 -40.0M
D55 57 55 DLS
E56 56 0 POLY(2) 4 0 52 0
10M 1 -40.0M
D56 56 57 DLS
G57 0 57 POLY(3) 3 0 4 0 35 0
0 1.00M 1.00M 2.00M
R57 57 0 500
R58 57 5 500M
C58 5 0 2.00P
*
* Models
.MODEL NMI NMOS
.MODEL DL D
N=1
IS=1F
.MODEL DLS D
N=10M IS=1F
.MODEL DN1 D
IS=1F KF=146E-18 AF=1
*
.ENDS MCP6001
.END
DS51419A-page 56
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
M
FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide
Appendix B. Filter Magnitude Templates
B.1
INTRODUCTION
B.1.1 LOW-PASS FILTER MAGNITUDE RESPONSE
The magnitude response of low-pass filters is shown in Figure B-1.
Pass Band
HM
Transition band
Gain (dB)
HM - A P
HM - 3
HM - A S
0
0
fP BW
Stop Band
fS
Frequency (Hz)
FIGURE B-1:
Low-pass Filter Template.
The nominal filter response is required to stay within the three regions shown (pass
band, transition band and stop band). The relevant parameters for the three regions
and the controlling inequalities are:
• Pass Band
HM
=
Maximum Pass Band Gain (dB)
A
=
Attenuation (relative to HM) (dB)
AP *
=
Pass Band Ripple/Max. Attenuation (dB)
fP *
=
Pass Band Frequency (Hz)
BW
=
-3 dB Bandwidth
0 ≤ f ≤ fP
0 ≤ A ≤ AP
* sometimes referred to as cut-off
• Transition Band
fP ≤ f ≤ fS
AP ≤ A ≤ AS
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 57
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
• Stop Band
fS
=
Stop Band Edge Frequency (Hz)
AS
=
Minimum Stop Band Attenuation (dB)
fS ≤ f
AS ≤ A
The gain parameter in FilterLab (G) corresponds to the DC gain (for good sensitivity
performance). Thus,
G
=
G
=
Note:
HM;
Bessel, Butterworth and Chebychev (n = 1, 3, 5, 7)
HM - AP; Chebychev (n = 2, 4, 6, 8)
The Frequency Response plot in FilterLab 2.0 does not show even
order Chebychev responses correctly.
The limits that FilterLab 2.0 enforces on these low-pass parameters are:
0.1 Hz ≤ fP < fS ≤ 1.0 MHz
AP = 3.0 dB, Bessel Filters
0.01 dB ≤ AP ≤ 3.0 dB, Butterworth and Chebychev
10 dB ≤ AS ≤ 100 dB
1V/V ≤ G ≤ 10V/V, (0 dB to 20 dB)
DS51419A-page 58
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
B.1.2 BAND-PASS FILTER MAGNITUDE RESPONSE
The magnitude response of band-pass filters is shown in Figure B-2.
Pass Band
Transition band
Gain (dB)
HM - AP
HM - 3
HM - AS
0
Transition band
HM
Stop Band
0
Stop Band
fSL fPL
BWL
fPU fSU
BWU
Frequency (Hz)
FIGURE B-2:
Band-pass Filter Template.
The nominal filter response is required to stay within the five regions shown (pass
band, two transition bands and two stop bands). The relevant parameters for the three
regions and the controlling inequalities are:
• Lower Stop Band
fSL
=
Lower Stop Band Edge Frequency (Hz)
AS
=
Min. Stop Band Attenuation (dB)
f ≤ fS
AS ≤ A
• Lower Transition Band
fSL < f < fPL
AP < A < AS
• Pass Band
fPL *
=
fPU *
Lower Pass Band Frequency (Hz)
Upper Pass Band Frequency (Hz)
BWL
=
Lower -3 dB Bandwidth
BWU
=
Upper -3 dB Bandwidth
HM
=
Maximum Pass Band Gain (dB)
A
=
Attenuation (relative to HM) (dB)
AP *
=
Pass Band Ripple/Max. Attenuation (dB)
fPL ≤ f ≤ fPU
0 ≤ A ≤ AP
* sometimes referred to as cut-off
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 59
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
• Upper Transition Band
fPU < f < fSU
AP < A < AS
• Upper Stop Band
fSU
=
Upper Stop Band Edge Frequency (Hz)
AS
=
Min. Stop Band Attenuation (dB)
fSU ≤ f
AS ≤ A
The gain parameter in FilterLab 2.0 (G) corresponds to the midband gain (for ease of
implementation), where:
f0
=
Midband Frequency
=
(fPL fPU)1/2
G
=
HM;
G
=
Thus,
Note:
Bessel, Butterworth and Chebychev (n = 2, 6)
HM - AP; Chebychev (n = 4, 8)
The Frequency Response plot in FilterLab 2.0 does not show
Chebychev response correctly for orders 4 and 8.
The limits that FilterLab 2.0 enforces on these band-pass parameters are:
0.1 Hz ≤ fSL < fPL < fPU < fSU ≤ 1.0 MHz
1.2210 ≤ fPU/fPL ≤ 5.8284
0.01 dB ≤ AP ≤ 3.0 dB
10 dB ≤ AS ≤ 100 dB
1 V/V ≤ G ≤ 10 V/V, (0 dB to 20 dB)
If the ratio fPU/fPL is larger than 5.8284, the wider pass band can be designed by
cascading a low-pass and high-pass filter. If the ratio fPU/fPL is smaller than 1.2210, the
narrow pass band cannot be implemented with this version of FilterLab 2.0.
DS51419A-page 60
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
B.1.3 HIGH-PASS FILTER MAGNITUDE RESPONSE
The magnitude response of high-pass filters is shown in Figure B-3.
Pass Band
HM
Transition band
Gain (dB)
HM - AP
HM - 3
Stop Band
HM - AS
0
fS
0
BW fP
Frequency (Hz)
FIGURE B-3:
High-pass Filter Template.
The nominal filter response is required to stay within the three regions shown (pass
band, transition band and stop band). The relevant parameters for the three regions
and the controlling inequalities are:
• Pass Band
fP *
=
Pass Band Frequency (Hz)
BW
=
-3 dB Bandwidth
HM
=
Maximum Pass Band Gain (dB)
A
=
Attenuation (relative to HM) (dB)
AP *
=
Pass Band Ripple/Max. Attenuation (dB)
fP ≤ f
0 ≤ A ≤ AP
* sometimes referred to as cutoff
• Transition Band
fS < f < fP
AP < A < AS
• Stop Band
fS
=
Stop Band Edge Frequency (Hz)
AS
=
Min. Stop Band Attenuation (dB)
f ≤ fS
AS ≤ A
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 61
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
The gain parameter in FilterLab 2.0 (G) corresponds to the high-frequency gain (at
"infinity" for good sensitivity performance). Thus,
G
=
HM;
Bessel, Butterworth and Chebychev (n = 1, 3, 5, 7)
G
=
HM - AP;
Chebychev (n = 2, 4, 6, 8)
Note:
The Frequency Response plot in FilterLab 2.0 does not show even
order Chebychev responses correctly.
The limits that FilterLab 2.0 enforces on these high-pass parameters are:
0.1 Hz ≤ fS < fP ≤ 1.0 MHz
0.01 dB ≤ AP ≤ 3.0 dB
10 dB ≤ AS ≤ 100 dB
1 V/V ≤ G ≤ 10 V/V, (0 dB to 20 dB)
DS51419A-page 62
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
M
FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide
Appendix C. Group Delay
C.1
INTRODUCTION
Group delay is a measure of time domain response. It focuses on the relative delay
among sine waves of nearly equal frequency. Its usual definition is:
Ω
=
Radian Frequency (rad/s)
φ(ω)
=
Phase Response (rad)
=
atan(Im{G}/Re{G})
=
group delay (s)
=
-dφ(ω)/dω
τgd(ω)
An equivalent definition, when frequency is in Hz and phase is in degrees, is:
f
=
Frequency (Hz = cycles/s)
φ(f)
=
Phase Response (°)
=
atan(Im{G}/Re{G})
=
group delay (s)
=
(1 cycle/360°) (-dφ(f) / df)
τgd(f)
Figure C-1 and Figure C-2 illustrate phase and group delay.
180° jump
(transmission zero)
360° jump
Phase (°)
φ(0)
φ(0) - 360°
fP
0
fS
Frequency (Hz)
FIGURE C-1:
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Low-pass Phase Response.
DS51419A-page 63
Group Delay (s)
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
τgd(0)
0
0
fP
fS
Frequency (Hz)
FIGURE C-2:
Low-pass Group Delay.
Some reasons that group delay has been traditionally used for filter work are:
• It is easier to manipulate mathematically (no arc-tangent functions)
• Group delay is easier to optimize
- Its jump discontinuities are only at transmission zeros on the jω-axis (gain is
zero)
- It is a non-negative function for low-pass filters
• It applies directly to AM modulated signals
- The information is delayed by the group delay (also known as envelope delay)
- It maps directly to group delay at baseband
- The carrier is delayed by a different time (total phase shift divided by carrier
frequency)
• It is a good indicator of low-pass step response quality
- Constant group delay in the pass band, and well into the transition band
(A < 10 dB to 20 dB), indicates a very good step response
- Group delay with peaking (usually near fP) indicates overshoot and ringing
DS51419A-page 64
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
M
FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide
Appendix D. FilterLab 2.0 Filter Response
D.1
INTRODUCTION
Bessel (low-pass) filters are mainly used for applications that need excellent step
response. The emphasis is on phase and group delay; the frequency selectivity is poor
compared to the other classical filter response functions (e.g., Butterworth). Some
typical applications are: PWM communications channels, instrumentation and simple
anti-aliasing filters for ADCs.
Figure D-1 and Figure D-2 show the normalized frequency response. Increasing the
filter order does not provide a significant improvement in the stop band rejection.
Figure D-3 shows the normalized group delay, Figure D-4 shows the normalized step
response. The step response overshoot is minimal.
FilterLab 2.0 does not allow the user to select Bessel filters based on their frequency
response. Use Figure D-3 and Figure D-4 to choose the order based on group delay
and step response.
Normalized Gain
= G / HM (dB)
0.0
-0.5
n = 8 (top)
through
n = 1 (bottom)
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
-2.5
-3.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Normalized Frequency = f / fP
FIGURE D-1:
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Normalized Bessel frequency response in the pass band.
DS51419A-page 65
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
0
Normalized Gain
= G / HM (dB)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
n = 1 (top)
through
n = 8 (bottom)
-60
-70
-80
0.1
10
Normalized Bessel frequency response in the stop band.
Normalized Group Delay
= t gd fP
FIGURE D-2:
1
Normalized Frequency = f / fP
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
n=8
n=7
n=6
n=5
n=4
n=3
n=2
n=1
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Normalized Frequency = f / fP
Normalized Bessel group delay.
Step Response (V)
FIGURE D-3:
1.1
1.0
VIN
0.9
0.8
VOUT
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
n=8
n=7
n=6
n=5
n=4
n=3
n=2
n=1
0.8 0.9 1.0
Normalized Time = t fP
FIGURE D-4:
DS51419A-page 66
Normalized Bessel step response.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
M
FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide
Appendix E. Op Amp Selection
E.1
INTRODUCTION
E.1.1 OP AMP SMALL SIGNAL BANDWITH
The op amps you select for your filter need to be fast enough to avoid problems with
non-linear distortion and filter response distortion. A crude estimate of the op amp
GBWP (Gain Bandwidth Product) that you need for a filter section is:
GBWP
=
=
K 100 fP, low-pass
K Q 100 fPU, band-pass
=
K max {100 fP, fmax},
K
=
Filter section's gain (V/V)
fP
=
Low-pass and high-pass filters’ pass band frequency
(Hz)
fPU
=
Band-pass filter's upper pass band frequency (Hz)
Q
=
Band-pass filter's overall Q-factor
=
1/"fractional bandwidth"
=
(fPL fPU)1/2/(fPU - fPL)
Maximum pass band/signal frequency for high-pass
response >> fP
high-pass
Where:
fmax
=
Try op amps with different GBWPs to see what you require. Small signal frequency
response (typically VOUT < 100 mVP-P) starts to peak as the GBWP goes too low.
Harmonic distortion also grows as the GBWP goes lower.
E.1.2 OP AMP FULL-POWER BANDWIDTH
The op amps also need to handle large signals. The SR (Slew Rate) specified in our
op amp data sheets is related to the full-power bandwidth as follows.
fFPBW
=
SR/(π VOUT_P-P) (Hz)
VOUT_P-P
=
Filter section's maximum output voltage swing (VP-P)
< VDD – VSS
SR
=
Slew rate (V/s); data sheets usually give units of V/µs
(1 V/µs = 1,000,000 V/s)
Where:
fFPBW
op amp full-power bandwidth (Hz)
Sine waves faster than fFPBW will not be faithfully reproduced because their derivative
(slew rate) is too high.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 67
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
In order to keep harmonic (non-linear) distortion to a minimum, the recommended
minimum SR for all op amps in the filter is:
=
XFF π VOUT_P-P fP, low-pass
=
XFF π VOUT_P-P fPU, band-pass
=
XFF π VOUT_P-P fmax, high-pass
fP
=
Low-pass and high-pass filters' pass band frequency
(Hz)
fPU
=
Band-pass filter's upper pass band frequency (Hz)
SR
Where:
fmax
XFF
THD SR
Maximum pass band/signal frequency for high-pass
response >> fP
=
rough fudge factor for distortion performance (relative to
fundamental)
≈
2,
THD SR = -60 dBc
≈
4,
THD SR = -72 dBc
≈
8,
THD SR = -84 dBc
≈
16, THD SR = -96 dBc
Slew Rate induced distortion level (dBc)
=
Note that non-linear distortion may include a DC offset term.
E.1.3 OP AMP OUTPUT LOADING
Choose the resistance values in your filter so that the op amp is not overloaded. A
compromise among loading, noise and parasitic RC time constants needs to be made.
To scale the resistor values, change the capacitor values in the Filter Design dialog box
within FilterLab 2.0.
E.1.4 MINIMUM GAIN
Most op amps are unity gain stable (G ≥ +1 V/V). A few op amps need to be set at
higher gains to remain stable (e.g., G ≥ +10 V/V for the MCP6141). If you need gain in
your filter, this kind of part can give you the bandwidth and gain you need for less
quiescent current. Note that inverting gains, used in Multiple Feedback (MFB) sections,
have an equivalent "noise gain" that is used to determine stability. It is calculated as:
1 + |G| (e.g., a signal gain of -1 V/V gives a noise gain of +2 V/V).
DS51419A-page 68
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
E.1.5 CURRENT MICROCHIP OP AMPS
The following table shows the Microchip op amps recommended for new designs as of
October 1, 2003. See our web site (www.microchip.com) for the latest information.
TABLE E-1:
Op Amp
Family
# Amplifiers
GBWP
(Hz)
MICROCHIP OP AMPS
SR
(V/µs)
Rail to Rail
Input/Output
Supply
Voltage
(V)
Comments
MCP6041
1, 2, 4
14k
0.003
I/O
1.4-5.5
TC1034
1, 2, 4
90k
0.035
I/O
1.8-5.5
Also TC1026, TC1029, TC1030, TC1035
MCP6141
1, 2, 4
100k
0.024
I/O
1.4-5.5
Gain ≥ 10 V/V
MCP606
1, 2, 4
155k
0.08
O
2.5-5.5
MCP616
1, 2, 4
190k
0.08
O
2.3-5.5
Bipolar (PNP) input
TC7652
1
400k
1.0
O
6.5-16.0
Chopper Stabilized (VOS ≤ ±5 µV)
MCP6001
1, 2, 4
1.0M
0.6
I/O
1.8-5.5
TC913
2
1.5M
2.5
—
6.5-16.0
Chopper Stabilized (VOS ≤ ±15 µV)
TC7650
1
2.0M
2.5
O
6.5-16.0
Chopper Stabilized (VOS ≤ ±5 µV)
1, 2, 4
2.0M
0.9
I/O
2.0-5.5
MCP6271
MCP601
1, 2, 4
2.8M
2.3
O
2.7-5.5
MCP6281
1, 2, 4
5.0M
2.5
I/O
2.2-5.5
MCP6291
1, 2, 4
10.0M
7.0
I/O
2.4-5.5
MCP6021
1, 2, 4
10.0M
7.0
I/O
2.5-5.5
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 69
FilterLab® 2.0 User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS51419A-page 70
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
M
FilterLab® 2.0
User’s Guide
Appendix F. Selected References
F.1
INTRODUCTION
F.1.1
FILTER TEXTBOOKS AND CLASSIC REFERENCES
[1] Arthur B. Williams and Fred J. Taylor, Electronic Filter Design Handbook, 3rd ed.,
McGraw-Hill, 1995.
[2] Rolf Schaumann, M.S. Ghausi, and Kenneth R. Laker, Design of Analog Filters:
Passive, Active RC, and Switched Capacitor, Prentice Hall, 1990.
[3] Andreas Antoniou, Digital Filters: Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill, 1979.
[4] Anatol I. Zverev, Handbook of Filter Synthesis, Wiley, John & Sons, 1967.
[5] Rolf Schaumann, Mac E. Van Valkenburg, and Mac Van Valkenburg, Design of
Analog Filters, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 2001.
F.1.2
APPLICATION NOTES
[1] Bonnie Baker, Anti-Aliasing, Analog Filters for Data Acquisition Systems,
Application Note 699, DS00699, Microchip Technology Inc., 1999.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51419A-page 71
M
WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE
AMERICAS
ASIA/PACIFIC
Corporate Office
Australia
2355 West Chandler Blvd.
Chandler, AZ 85224-6199
Tel: 480-792-7200
Fax: 480-792-7277
Technical Support: 480-792-7627
Web Address: http://www.microchip.com
Suite 22, 41 Rawson Street
Epping 2121, NSW
Australia
Tel: 61-2-9868-6733
Fax: 61-2-9868-6755
Atlanta
Unit 915
Bei Hai Wan Tai Bldg.
No. 6 Chaoyangmen Beidajie
Beijing, 100027, No. China
Tel: 86-10-85282100
Fax: 86-10-85282104
3780 Mansell Road, Suite 130
Alpharetta, GA 30022
Tel: 770-640-0034
Fax: 770-640-0307
Boston
2 Lan Drive, Suite 120
Westford, MA 01886
Tel: 978-692-3848
Fax: 978-692-3821
Chicago
333 Pierce Road, Suite 180
Itasca, IL 60143
Tel: 630-285-0071
Fax: 630-285-0075
Dallas
4570 Westgrove Drive, Suite 160
Addison, TX 75001
Tel: 972-818-7423
Fax: 972-818-2924
Detroit
Tri-Atria Office Building
32255 Northwestern Highway, Suite 190
Farmington Hills, MI 48334
Tel: 248-538-2250
Fax: 248-538-2260
Kokomo
2767 S. Albright Road
Kokomo, IN 46902
Tel: 765-864-8360
Fax: 765-864-8387
Los Angeles
China - Beijing
China - Chengdu
Rm. 2401-2402, 24th Floor,
Ming Xing Financial Tower
No. 88 TIDU Street
Chengdu 610016, China
Tel: 86-28-86766200
Fax: 86-28-86766599
China - Fuzhou
Unit 28F, World Trade Plaza
No. 71 Wusi Road
Fuzhou 350001, China
Tel: 86-591-7503506
Fax: 86-591-7503521
China - Hong Kong SAR
Unit 901-6, Tower 2, Metroplaza
223 Hing Fong Road
Kwai Fong, N.T., Hong Kong
Tel: 852-2401-1200
Fax: 852-2401-3431
China - Shanghai
Room 701, Bldg. B
Far East International Plaza
No. 317 Xian Xia Road
Shanghai, 200051
Tel: 86-21-6275-5700
Fax: 86-21-6275-5060
China - Shenzhen
18201 Von Karman, Suite 1090
Irvine, CA 92612
Tel: 949-263-1888
Fax: 949-263-1338
Rm. 1812, 18/F, Building A, United Plaza
No. 5022 Binhe Road, Futian District
Shenzhen 518033, China
Tel: 86-755-82901380
Fax: 86-755-8295-1393
Phoenix
China - Shunde
2355 West Chandler Blvd.
Chandler, AZ 85224-6199
Tel: 480-792-7966
Fax: 480-792-4338
Room 401, Hongjian Building
No. 2 Fengxiangnan Road, Ronggui Town
Shunde City, Guangdong 528303, China
Tel: 86-765-8395507 Fax: 86-765-8395571
San Jose
China - Qingdao
2107 North First Street, Suite 590
San Jose, CA 95131
Tel: 408-436-7950
Fax: 408-436-7955
Rm. B505A, Fullhope Plaza,
No. 12 Hong Kong Central Rd.
Qingdao 266071, China
Tel: 86-532-5027355 Fax: 86-532-5027205
Toronto
India
6285 Northam Drive, Suite 108
Mississauga, Ontario L4V 1X5, Canada
Tel: 905-673-0699
Fax: 905-673-6509
Divyasree Chambers
1 Floor, Wing A (A3/A4)
No. 11, O’Shaugnessey Road
Bangalore, 560 025, India
Tel: 91-80-2290061 Fax: 91-80-2290062
Japan
Benex S-1 6F
3-18-20, Shinyokohama
Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama-shi
Kanagawa, 222-0033, Japan
Tel: 81-45-471- 6166 Fax: 81-45-471-6122
DS51419A-page 72
Korea
168-1, Youngbo Bldg. 3 Floor
Samsung-Dong, Kangnam-Ku
Seoul, Korea 135-882
Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5932 or
82-2-558-5934
Singapore
200 Middle Road
#07-02 Prime Centre
Singapore, 188980
Tel: 65-6334-8870 Fax: 65-6334-8850
Taiwan
Kaohsiung Branch
30F - 1 No. 8
Min Chuan 2nd Road
Kaohsiung 806, Taiwan
Tel: 886-7-536-4818
Fax: 886-7-536-4803
Taiwan
Taiwan Branch
11F-3, No. 207
Tung Hua North Road
Taipei, 105, Taiwan
Tel: 886-2-2717-7175 Fax: 886-2-2545-0139
EUROPE
Austria
Durisolstrasse 2
A-4600 Wels
Austria
Tel: 43-7242-2244-399
Fax: 43-7242-2244-393
Denmark
Regus Business Centre
Lautrup hoj 1-3
Ballerup DK-2750 Denmark
Tel: 45-4420-9895 Fax: 45-4420-9910
France
Parc d’Activite du Moulin de Massy
43 Rue du Saule Trapu
Batiment A - ler Etage
91300 Massy, France
Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20
Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79
Germany
Steinheilstrasse 10
D-85737 Ismaning, Germany
Tel: 49-89-627-144-0
Fax: 49-89-627-144-44
Italy
Via Quasimodo, 12
20025 Legnano (MI)
Milan, Italy
Tel: 39-0331-742611
Fax: 39-0331-466781
Netherlands
P. A. De Biesbosch 14
NL-5152 SC Drunen, Netherlands
Tel: 31-416-690399
Fax: 31-416-690340
United Kingdom
505 Eskdale Road
Winnersh Triangle
Wokingham
Berkshire, England RG41 5TU
Tel: 44-118-921-5869
Fax: 44-118-921-5820
07/28/03
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.