HC55185 and the IDT821054/64 Programmable Quad PCM CODEC ® Application Note April 2002 AN9998 Author: Don LaFontaine Reference Design using the HC55185 and the IDT821054/64 Programmable Quad PCM CODEC R S = 133.3 • ( Z L – 2RP ) = 133.3 • ( 600Ω – 2R P ) (EQ. 1) The value of RS with 49Ω protection resistors is 66.9kΩ. The closest standard value is 66.5kΩ. The purpose of this application note is to provide a reference design for the HC55185 and IDT821054/64 Programmable Quad PCM CODECs. SLIC in the Active Mode Figure 2 shows a simplified AC transmission model of the HC55185 and the connection of the IDT821054/64 to the SLIC. Circuit analysis of the HC55185 yields the following design equations: The network requirements of many countries require the analog subscriber line circuit (SLIC) to terminate the subscriber line with an impedance for voiceband frequencies which is complex, rather than resistive (e.g. 600Ω). The HC55185 accomplishes this impedance matching with a single network connected between the VTX pin and the -IN pin. The Sense Amplifier is configured as a 4 input differential amplifier with a gain of 3/4. The voltage at the output of the sense amplifier (VSA) is calculated using superposition. VSA1 is the voltage resulting from V1, VSA2 is the voltage resulting from V2 and so on (reference Figure 2). The IDT821054/64 Quad PCM CODECs uses an intergrated programmable DSP to realize AC Impedance Matching, Transhybrid Balance, Frequency Response Correction and Gain Setting functions. Discussed in this application note are the following: • 2-wire impedance matching. • Receive gain (4-wire to 2-wire) and transmit gain (2-wire to 4-wire) calculations. • Reference design for both 600Ω and 200Ω +680Ω||0.1µF (China Complex Impedance). Impedance Matching Impedance matching of the HC55185 to the subscriber load is important for optimization of 2 wire return loss, which in turn cuts down on echoes in the end to end voice communication path. Impedance matching of the HC55185 is accomplished by making the SLIC’s impedance (ZO, Figure 1) equal to the desired terminating impedance ZL, minus the value of the protection resistors (RP). 3 V SA 1 = – --- ( V 1 ) 4 (EQ. 2) 3 V SA 2 = --- ( V 2 ) 4 (EQ. 3) 3 V SA 3 = – --- ( V 3 ) 4 (EQ. 4) 3 V SA 4 = --- ( V 4 ) 4 (EQ. 5) 3 3 V SA = [ ( V 2 – V 1 ) + ( V 4 – V 3 ) ] --- = [ ∆V + ∆V ] --4 4 (EQ. 6) Where ∆V is equal to IMRSENSE (RSENSE = 20Ω) 3 V SA = 2 ( ∆I M × 20 ) --- = ∆I M 30 4 (EQ. 7) The voltage at VTX is equal to: RS RS V TX = – V SA -------- = – -------- ∆I M 30 8K 8K With the HC55185 programmed to match a ZL of 600Ω, the IDT821054/64 uses an intergrated programmable DSP to realize any AC impedance. The formula to program the HC55185 to match a 2-wire impedance of 600Ω is shown in Equation 1. (EQ. 8) VTR is defined in Figure 2, note polarity assigned to VTR: V TR = 2 ( V RX + V TX ) (EQ. 9) CRX 0.47µF VRX RP 49Ω TIP + V2W - + ZL INTERSIL HC55185 VTX VTR - EG 66.5kΩ -IN ZO ZTR ZO = ZL - 2RP RESISTIVE ZL = ZTR = 600Ω RS RING RP 49Ω RS CTX 0.47µF CFB RS = 133.3(600 - 2*49) RS 66.9kΩ Std value 66.5kΩ 4.7µF VFB FIGURE 1. IMPEDANCE MATCHING 1 CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 321-724-7143 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc. Copyright © Intersil Americas Inc. 2002. All Rights Reserved AN9998 Substitute Equation 10 for RS and -V2w/ZL for ∆IM into Equation 15. Setting VRX equal to zero, substituting EQ. 8 into EQ. 9 and defining ZO = -VTR/∆IM will enable the user to determine the require feedback to match the line impedance at V2W. 1 Z O = ------------------ R S 133.33 Z O V 2W V TR = 2V RX + -------------------Z (EQ. 10) (EQ. 16) L Loop Equation at Tip/Ring interface R S = 133.33 ( Z L – 2R P ) (EQ. 17) V 2W -I M 2R P + V TR = 0 ZO is the source impedance of the device and is defined as ZO = ZL - 2Rp. ZL is the line impedance. RS is defined as: Substitute Equation16 into Equation 17 and combine terms (EQ. 11) Z L + Z O + 2R P V 2W -------------------------------------- = – 2V RX ZL (EQ. 18) Node Equation at HC55185 VRX input V RX V TX I X = ----------- + ----------R R where: (EQ. 12) VRX = The input voltage at the VRX pin. VSA = An internal node voltage that is a function of the loop current and the output of the Sense Amplifier. IX = Internal current in the SLIC that is the difference between the input receive current and the feedback current. Substitute Equation 8 into Equation 12 V RX R S ∆I M 30 I X = ----------- – ------------------------- R8K R (EQ. 13) IM = The AC metallic current. RP = A protection resistor (typical 49.9Ω). Loop Equation at HC55185 feed amplifiers and load (EQ. 14) I X R - V TR + I X R = 0 RS = An external resistor/network for matching the line impedance. VTR = The tip to ring voltage at the output pins of the SLIC. V2W = The tip to ring voltage including the voltage across the protection resistors. Substitute Equation 13 into Equation 14 R S ∆I M 60 V TR = 2V RX – ------------------------- 8K (EQ. 15) ZL = The line impedance. ZO = The source impedance of the device. IX + - TIP R I + M - V2 RSENSE ZL IM IDT821054/64 Receive Block + Feed Amplifier VIN IX R 1:1 VOUT1 + VIN1 CHANNEL 3 + VTX E - G - IM + RP Filter and A/D CHANNEL 2 - RING D/A and Filter R VTR + CHANNEL 1 VRX VRX - Z0 + + V2W - IX V1 20Ω I + M - RP - INTERSIL HC55185 (1 of 4 ) RSENSE V3 V4 + Feed Amplifier VTX - + - 20Ω - IM + CHANNEL 4 + IX - TA Feedback Amplifier R + 4R 3R -IN 4R 4R + 4R 3R RS 8k CFB VFB VSA = ∆IM30 Sense Amplifier FIGURE 2. HC55185 SIMPLIFIED AC TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT AND IDT821054/64 2 DSP Core PCM/GCI Interface DR1/DD DX1/DU AN9998 HC55185 Receive Gain (VRX to V2W) 4-wire to 2-wire gain across the HC55185 is equal to the V2W divided by the input voltage VRX, reference Figure 2. The receive gain is calculated using Equation 18. Equation 19 expresses the receive gain (VRX to V2W) in terms of network impedances. From Equation 11, the value of RS was set to match the line impedance (ZL) to the HC55185 plus the protection resistors (Z0 + 2RP). This results in a 4-wire to 2-wire gain of -1, as shown in EQ19. V 2W ZL ZL G 4-2 = ------------ = -2 ---------------------------------------- = -2 -------------------- = – 1 V RX Z L + Z O + 2 RP Z L + ZL (EQ. 19) Receive Gain Across the System The receive gain across the system is defined as the gain from the PCM highway to the phone (V2W). With the receive gain through the HC55185 set to 1, the receive gain across the system is entirely controlled by programming the IDT821054/64. The IDT821054/64 can program the receive gain across the system in two ways (reference Figure 3). • The first is by programming the signal gain in its analog form. The analog receive gain, also known as Digital to Analog (D/A) gain, can be programmed in the IDT821054/64 to be either 0dB or -6dB. • The second is by programming the signal gain (via. coefficients) when its in digital form. The digital form of the receive path can be programmed from +3 to -12dB with minimum 0.1dB steps. This results in a possible receive gain (D/A) programming range from +3dB to -18dB. Note: Analog gain brings less noise than digital gain. When allocating the CODEC gain, the majority of the required gain should be preformed in the analog stage. Reference section titled “Information Required for IDT to Calculate IDT821054/64 CODEC DSP Coefficients” for information on obtaining coefficients for your design. Transmit Gain Across HC55185 (EG to VTX) The 2-wire to 4-wire gain is equal to VTX/EG with VRX = 0, reference Figure 2. Loop Equation (EQ. 20) – E G + Z L I M + 2RP I M – VTR = 0 From Equation 16 with VRX = 0 Z O V 2W V TR = -------------------ZL (EQ. 21) Substituting Equation 21 into Equation 20 and simplifying. Z L + 2R P + Z O E G = – V 2W --------------------------------------ZL (EQ. 22) Substituting Equation 10 into Equation 8 and defining ∆IM = -V2W/ZL results in Equation 23 for VTX. 3 V 2W Z L – 2R P V TX = ------------ -----------------------ZL 2 (EQ. 23) Combining Equations 22 and 23 results in Equation 24. ZO V TX Z L – 2R P (EQ. 24) G 2-4 = ---------- = – ------------------------------------------------ = – -----------------------------------------------EG 2 ( Z L + 2R P + Z O ) 2 ( Z L + 2R P + Z O ) A more useful form of the equation is rewritten in terms of VTX /V2W. A voltage divider equation is written to convert from EG to V2W as shown in Equation 25. Z O + 2 RP V 2W = ---------------------------------------- E G Z L + Z O + 2 RP (EQ. 25) Substituting ZL = ZO + 2RP and rearranging Equation 25 in terms of EG results in Equation 26. E G = 2V2W (EQ. 26) Substituting Equation 26 into Equation 24 results in an equation for 2-wire to 4-wire gain that’s a function of the synthesized input impedance of the SLIC and the protection resistors. V TX ZO G 2-4 = ------------ = – -------------------------------------------- = 0.416 V 2W ( Z L + 2R P + Z O ) (EQ. 27) ZL is set to 600Ω, ZO is programmed with RS to be 498.76Ω (66.5kΩ/133.33), and RP is equal to 49.9Ω. This results in a 2-wire to 4-wire gain of 0.416 or -7.6dB. Transmit Gain Across the System The transmit gain across the system is defined as the gain from the phone or 2-wire side (V2W) to the PCM highway. Setting the gain of the IDT821054/64 will have to account for the attenuated signal through the HC55185. The system gain is entirely controlled by programming the IDT821054/64. The IDT821054/64 can program the transmit gain across the system in two ways (reference Figure 3). • The first is by programming the signal gain in its analog form. The analog transmit gain, also known as Analog to Digital (A/D) gain, can be programmed in the IDT821054/64 to be either 0dB or +6dB. • The second is by programming the signal gain (via. coefficients) when its in digital form. The digital form of the transmit path can be programmed from -3dB to +12dB with minimum 0.1dB steps. This results in a possible transmit gain (A/D) programming range from -3dB to +18dB. Note: Analog gain brings less noise than digital gain. When allocating the CODEC gain, the majority of the required gain should be preformed in the analog stage. Reference section titled “Information Required for IDT to Calculate IDT821054/64 CODEC DSP Coefficients” for information on obtaining coefficients for your design. AN9998 INTERSIL HC55185 (1of 4 ) RP 49Ω VRX TIP + V2W - CHANNEL 1 CRX + ZL Analog Gain 0dB to -6dB Digital Gain +3dB to -12dB VIN1 Analog Gain 0dB to +6dB Digital Gain -3dB to +12dB FRR filter Receive path CTX VTX RING RP 49Ω ZTR VOUT1 0.47µf VTR - EG IDT821054/64 0.47µf RS CFB ZO = ZL - 2RP VFB Transmit path CHANNEL 2 -IN ZO FRX filter 4.7µf .. . DSP Core PCM/GCI Interface DR1/DD DX1/DU CHANNEL 4 FIGURE 3. RECEIVE GAIN G(4-2), TRANSMIT GAIN (2-4) Transhybrid Balance G(4-4) Transhybrid balance is a measure of how well the input signal is canceled (that being received by the SLIC) from the transmit signal (that being transmitted from the SLIC to the CODEC). Without this function, voice communication would be difficult because of the echo. The Transhybrid balancing filter inside the IDT821054/64 is used to adjust transhybrid balance to ensure the echo cancellation meets the ITU-T specifications. The coefficient for Echo Cancellation is ECF. Frequency Response Correction The FRR filter in the receive path and the FRX filter in the transmit path can be programmed to correct any frequency distortion caused by the impedance matching filters. The coefficients of Frequency Response Correction are FRR for receive path and FRX for the transmit path. Information Required for IDT to Calculate IDT821054/64 CODEC DSP Coefficients For IDT to calculate IDT821054/64 DSP coefficient, customers should provide the following information about their subscriber line card: • Accurate SLIC PSPICE model. It can be provided in .lib file or PSPICE schematic file. • System Impedance • Gain (Transmit path and Receive path) Using the DSP coefficients provided by IDT, the overall performance of the system will pass ITU-T requirements. When the COF RAM button is selected from the MPI Operation General Interface screen, the COF RAM Operation screen will appear (Figure 4). From this screen, the user can configure all the coefficients for the current channel. FIGURE 4. COEFFICIENT RAM OPERATION SCREEN Reference Design of the HC55185 and the IDT821054/64 With a 600Ω Load The design criteria is as follows: • 4-wire to 2-wire gain (DR1/DD to V2W) equal 0dB • 2-wire to 4-wire gain (V2W to DX1/DU) equal 0dB • Rp = 49.9Ω Figure 5 gives the reference design using the Intersil HC55185 and the IDT821054/64 Programmable Quad PCM CODEC. Also shown in Figure 5 are the voltage levels at specific points in the circuit. Impedance Matching The 2-wire impedance is matched to the line impedance Z0 using Equation 1, repeated here in Equation 28. R S = 133.3 • ( Z L – 2RP ) (EQ. 28) For a line impedance of 600Ω, RS equals: R S = 133.3 • ( 600 – 98 ) = 66.9kΩ (EQ. 29) The closest standard value for RS would be 66.5kΩ. 4 AN9998 G4-2 System Requirements: Impedance: 600Ω Transmit Gain (A/D): 0dB Receive Gain (D/A): 0dB 0dBm0(600Ω) 0.7745VRMS 0dBm0(600Ω) 0dBm0(600Ω) 0.7745VRMS 0.7745VRMS INTERSIL HC55185 (1 of 4 ) RP 49Ω VRX TIP + V2W - CHANNEL 1 CRX + ZL VOUT1 Analog Gain 0dB Digital Gain 0dB VIN1 Analog Gain 6dB Digital Gain +1.6dB 0.47µf VTR - EG RING VTX RS 0.47µf 66.5kΩ ZO = ZL - 2RP CFB 0.7745VRMS VFB DSP Core PCM/GCI Interface DR1/DD DX1/DU CHANNEL 4 -IN 0dBm0(600Ω) PCM Bus Transmit path . . . CTX ZO Receive path CHANNEL 2 RP 49Ω ZTR IDT821054/64 -7.5769dBm0(600Ω) 4.7µf REFERENCE TABLE 1 FOR COEFFICIENTS 0.3239VRMS 0dBm0(600Ω) 0.7745VRMS G2-4 FIGURE 5. REFERENCE DESIGN OF THE HC55185 AND THE IDT821054/64 WITH A 600Ω LOAD IMPEDANCE However, it would be very convenient and cost effective if system manufacturers can use only one type of line card to meet different impedance requirements and different gain requirements. The programmability of IDT821054/64 can help system manufactures to reach this goal. By using different coefficients this reference design can meet both 600Ω and 200Ω + 680Ω||0.1µ F impedance requirements. With the value of RS selected to be 66.5kΩ ± 1%, the coefficients (with a line impedance of 600Ω) are given in Table 1. system is 0dB (-2.19dB(811Ω) = -3.5dB(600Ω)) as explained in the following section. Adjustment to Get -3.5dBm0 at the Load Referenced to 600Ω The voltage equivalent to 0dBm0 into 811Ω (0dBm0(811Ω)) is calculated using Equation 30 (811Ω is the impedance of complex China load at 1020Hz). 2 V 0dBm ( 811Ω ) = 10 log ------------------------------ = 0.90055V RMS 811 ( 0.001 ) (EQ. 30) The gain referenced back to 0dBm0(600Ω) is equal to: Specific Implementation for China 0.90055V RMS GAIN = 20 log -------------------------------------- = 1.309dB 0.7745V RMS The design criteria for a China specific solution are as follows: The adjustment to get -3.5dBm0 at the load referenced to 600Ω is: • Desired line circuit impedance is 200 + 680//0.1µF Adjustment = – 3.5dBm0 + 1.309dBm0 = – 2.19 dB (EQ. 31) (EQ. 32) • Receive gain (V2W/(DR1/DD)) is -3.5dB • Transmit gain ((DX1/DU)/V2W) is 0dB • 0dBm0 is defined as 1mW into the complex impedance at 1020Hz • Rp = 49.9Ω Figure 6 gives the reference design using the Intersil HC55185 and the IDT821054/64 Programmable Quad PCM CODEC. Also shown in Figure 6 are the voltage levels at specific points in the circuit. Note: The transmit gain of the 5 The voltage at the load (referenced to 600Ω) is given in Equation 33: 2 V – 2.19 dBm ( 600Ω ) = 10 log ------------------------------ = 0.60196V RMS (EQ. 33) 600 ( 0.001 ) Impedance Matching With the value of RS selected to be 66.5kΩ ± 1%, the coefficients (with a line impedance of 200Ω + 680Ω||0.1µ F) are given in Table 2. AN9998 G4-2 System Requirements: Impedance: 200Ω+600Ω||0.1µF Transmit Gain (A/D): 0dB Receive Gain (D/A): -3.5dB -2.19dBm0(600Ω) 0.60196VRMS RP 49Ω CRX TIP + V2W - VRX + ZL VTR - EG 0.47µf -2.19dBm0(600Ω) 0.60196VRMS CHANNEL 1 VPWRO+ Analog VOUT1 Gain 0dB VIN1 RING RP 49Ω ZTR IDT821054/64 Digital Gain -2.19dB Receive path Digital Gain +1.6dB Analog Gain +6dB Transmit path CHANNEL 2 INTERSIL HC55185 ZO RS 0.47µf 66.5kΩ ZO = ZL - 2RP DSP Core PCM/GCI Interface . . . CTX VTX 0dBm0(600Ω) 0.7745VRMS DR1/DD DX1/DU CHANNEL 4 -IN CFB REFERENCE TABLE 2 FOR COEFFICIENTS 4.7µf VFB -2.19dBm0(600Ω) -9.3294dBm0(600Ω) 0.60196VRMS 0.26461RMS VPCMOUT -3.5dBm0(600Ω) 0.51769VRMS G2-4 FIGURE 6. REFERENCE DESIGN OF THE HC55185 AND THE IDT821054/64 WITH CHINA COMPLEX LOAD IMPEDANCE TABLE 1. 600Ω COEFFICIENTS, SYSTEM GAINS: (TRANSMIT GAIN (0dB), RECEIVE GAIN (0dB)), CODEC ANALOG GAINS: (TRANSMIT PATH +6dB, RECEIVE PATH 0dB) Coefficient RAM CHANNEL 1 IMF: 47 08 53 F5 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ECF: 3C 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 56 62 F4 D6 00 00 KM: 00 00 34 E6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ACT: 36 02 97 DE 95 48 95 48 97 DE 36 02 99 31 GTX FF 1F ACR: F8 00 55 FD 70 3F 70 3F 55 FD F8 00 CE 84 GRX 0C 03 Coefficient RAM CHANNEL 2 IMF: 47 08 53 F5 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ECF: 3C 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 56 62 F4 D6 00 00 KM: 00 00 34 E6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ACT: 36 02 97 DE 95 48 95 48 97 DE 36 02 99 31 GTX FF 1F ACR: F8 00 55 FD 70 3F 70 3F 55 FD F8 00 CE 84 GRX 0C 03 Coefficient RAM CHANNEL 3 IMF: 47 08 53 F5 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ECF: 3C 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 56 62 F4 D6 00 00 KM: 00 00 34 E6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ACT: 36 02 97 DE 95 48 95 48 97 DE 36 02 99 31 GTX FF 1F ACR: F8 00 55 FD 70 3F 70 3F 55 FD F8 00 CE 84 GRX 0C 03 6 AN9998 TABLE 1. 600Ω COEFFICIENTS, SYSTEM GAINS: (TRANSMIT GAIN (0dB), RECEIVE GAIN (0dB)), CODEC ANALOG GAINS: (TRANSMIT PATH +6dB, RECEIVE PATH 0dB) (Continued) Coefficient RAM CHANNEL 4 IMF: 47 08 53 F5 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ECF: 3C 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 56 62 F4 D6 00 00 KM: 00 00 34 E6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ACT: 36 02 97 DE 95 48 95 48 97 DE 36 02 99 31 GTX FF 1F ACR: F8 00 55 FD 70 3F 70 3F 55 FD F8 00 CE 84 GRX 0C 03 TABLE 2. 200Ω + 680Ω || 0.1µF COEFFICIENTS, SYSTEM GAINS: (TRANSMIT GAIN (0dB), RECEIVE GAIN (-3.5dB)), CODEC ANALOG GAINS: (TRANSMIT PATH +6dB, RECEIVE PATH 0dB)) COEFFICIENT RAM CHANNEL 1 IMF: 52 F8 20 1D 00 00 00 00 22 65 00 00 00 00 00 00 ECF: 0B 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 36 72 29 C2 00 00 KM: 00 00 74 C6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ACT: C9 FE 9C 10 D4 45 D4 45 9C 10 C9 FE 00 38 GTX FF 1F ACR: 0A FA 1D 0D AF 39 AF 39 1D 0D 0A FA CE 84 GRX 0C 03 COEFFICIENT RAM CHANNEL 2 IMF: 52 F8 20 1D 00 00 00 00 22 65 00 00 00 00 00 00 ECF: 0B 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 36 72 29 C2 00 00 KM: 00 00 74 C6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ACT: C9 FE 9C 10 D4 45 D4 45 9C 10 C9 FE 00 38 GTX FF 1F ACR: 0A FA 1D 0D AF 39 AF 39 1D 0D 0A FA CE 84 GRX 0C 03 COEFFICIENT RAM CHANNEL 3 IMF: 52 F8 20 1D 00 00 00 00 22 65 00 00 00 00 00 00 ECF: 0B 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 36 72 29 C2 00 00 KM: 00 00 74 C6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ACT: C9 FE 9C 10 D4 45 D4 45 9C 10 C9 FE 00 38 GTX FF 1F ACR: 0A FA 1D 0D AF 39 AF 39 1D 0D 0A FA CE 84 GRX 0C 03 COEFFICIENT RAM CHANNEL 4 IMF: 52 F8 20 1D 00 00 00 00 22 65 00 00 00 00 00 00 ECF: 0B 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 36 72 29 C2 00 00 KM: 00 00 74 C6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ACT: C9 FE 9C 10 D4 45 D4 45 9C 10 C9 FE 00 38 GTX FF 1F ACR: 0A FA 1D 0D AF 39 AF 39 1D 0D 0A FA CE 84 GRX 0C 03 All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems. 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