HC55185 Ringing SLIC & the AK2306/2306LV Dual PCM CODEC TM Application Note December 2001 AN9991 Author: Don LaFontaine Reference Design using the HC55185 and the AK2306/2306LV Dual PCM CODEC equal to the desired terminating impedance ZL, minus the value of the protection resistors (RP). The formula to calculate the proper RS for matching the 2-wire impedance is shown in Equation 1. The purpose of this application note is to provide a reference design for the HC55185 and AK2306/2306LV Dual PCM CODEC. (EQ. 1) R S = 133.3 • ( Z L – 2RP ) The network requirements of many countries require the analog subscriber line circuit (SLIC) to terminate the subscriber line with an impedance for voiceband frequencies which is complex, rather than resistive (e.g. 600Ω). The HC55185 accomplishes this impedance matching with a single network (RS Figure 1) connected between the VTX pin and the -IN pin. Equation 1 can be used to match the impedance of the SLIC and the protection resistors (ZTR) to any known line impedance (ZL). Figure 1 shows the calculations of RS to match a resistive and 2 complex loads. The AK2306/2306LV Dual PCM CODEC includes Selectable A-law/µ-law function, Internal Gain Adjustment from +6dB to -18dB by 1dB steps control and a selectable 16Hz/20Hz Ring Tone Generator. 1 R S = 133.3 600 + ----------------------------------- – ( 2 ) ( 49 ) –6 jω2.16X10 EXAMPLE 1: Calculate RS to make ZTR = 600Ω in series with 2.16µF. RP = 49Ω. (EQ. 2) RS = 66.9kΩ in series with 16.2nF. Note: Some impedance models, with a series capacitor, will cause the op amp feedback to behave as an open circuit DC. A resistor with a value of about 10 times the reactance of the RS capacitor (2.16µF/133.3 = 16.2nF) at the low frequency of interest (200Hz for example) can be placed in parallel with the capacitor in order to solve the problem (491kΩ for a 16.2nF capacitor). Discussed in this application note are the following: • 2-wire impedance matching • Receive gain (4-wire to 2-wire) and transmit gain (2-wire to 4-wire) calculations • Reference design for both 600Ω and 220Ω +820Ω||115nF Complex Impedance EXAMPLE 2: Impedance Matching Calculate RS to make ZTR = 220 + 820//115nF RP = 49Ω. Impedance matching of the HC55185 to the subscriber load is important for optimization of 2 wire return loss, which in turn cuts down on echoes in the end to end voice communication path. Impedance matching of the HC55185 is accomplished by making the SLIC’s impedance (ZO, Figure 1) EG RS COMPLEX RS = 133.3(600 - 2*49) VRX RS + VTR - ZL RS = 16.26kΩ in series with the parallel combination of 109.3kΩ and 862pF. ZL = ZTR = 600Ω RP 49Ω TIP 66.9kΩ STD VALUE 66.5kΩ ZL = ZTR = 600Ω + 2.16µF RS RS = 133.3(600 - 2*49) + 2.16µF/133.3 COMPLEX RS RING RP 49Ω ZTR 66.9kΩ ZL = ZTR = 220Ω + 820//115nF RS = 133.3(220 - 2*49)+ 133.3(820) // 115nF/133.3 ZT VTX RS ZO CTX 491kΩ 16.2nF -IN 16.26kΩ 862pF CFB ZO = ZL - 2RP (EQ. 3) RESISTIVE INTERSIL HC55185 + V2W - 820 Z T = 133.3 200 + ----------------------------------------------------------- – ( 2 ) ( 49 ) –9 1 + jω820 ( 115 )X10 109.3kΩ VFB FIGURE 1. IMPEDANCE MATCHING 1 1-888-INTERSIL or 321-724-7143 | Intersil (and design) is a trademark of Intersil Americas Inc. Copyright © Intersil Americas Inc. 2001. All Rights Reserved Application Note 9991 SLIC in the Active Mode Substitute Equation 10 into Equation 14 Figure 2 shows a simplified AC transmission model of the HC55185 and the connection of the AK2306 to the SLIC. Figure 3 shows a simplified AC transmission model of the HC55185 and the connection of the “Low Voltage” AK2306LV to the SLIC. The Low Voltage AK2306LV CODEC requires a different connection to the HC55185 to achieve the voltage gain required at tip and ring without clipping the output signal of the CODEC. The following analysis is performed with the AK2306 CODEC connection. Circuit analysis of the “Low Voltage” circuit is left for the reader. Circuit analysis of the HC55185 yields the following design equations: The Sense Amplifier is configured as a 4 input differential amplifier with a gain of 3/4. The voltage at the output of the sense amplifier (VSA) is calculated using superposition. VSA1 is the voltage resulting from V1, VSA2 is the voltage resulting from V2 and so on (reference Figure 2). V RX R S ∆I M 30 I X = ----------- – ------------------------- R8K R (EQ. 15) Loop Equation at HC55185 feed amplifiers and load I X R - V TR + I X R = 0 (EQ. 16) Substitute Equation 15 into Equation 16 R S ∆I M 60 V TR = 2V RX – ------------------------- 8K (EQ. 17) Substitute Equation 12 for RS and -V2w/ZL for ∆IM into Equation 17. Z O V 2W V TR = 2V RX + -------------------Z (EQ. 18) L Loop Equation at Tip/Ring interface (EQ. 19) V 2W -I M 2R P + V TR = 0 Substitute Equation 18 into Equation 19 and combine terms 3 V SA 1 = – --- ( V 1 ) 4 (EQ. 4) 3 V SA 2 = --- ( V 2 ) 4 (EQ. 5) 3 V SA 3 = – --- ( V 3 ) 4 (EQ. 6) VRX = The input voltage at the VRX pin. 3 V SA 4 = --- ( V 4 ) 4 (EQ. 7) VSA = An internal node voltage that is a function of the loop current and the output of the Sense Amplifier. 3 3 V SA = [ ( V 2 – V 1 ) + ( V 4 – V 3 ) ] --- = [ ∆V + ∆V ] --4 4 (EQ. 8) Z L + Z O + 2R P V 2W -------------------------------------- = – 2V RX ZL (EQ. 20) where: Where ∆V is equal to IMRSENSE (RSENSE = 20Ω) 3 V SA = 2 ( ∆IM × 20 ) --- = ∆I M 30 4 (EQ. 9) IX = Internal current in the SLIC that is the difference between the input receive current and the feedback current. IM = The AC metallic current. RP = A protection resistor (typical 49.9Ω). The voltage at VTX is equal to: RS RS V TX = – V SA -------- = – -------- ∆I M 30 8K 8K (EQ. 10) VTR is defined in Figure 2, note polarity assigned to VTR V TR = 2 ( V RX + V TX ) (EQ. 11) Setting VRX equal to zero, substituting Equation 10 into Equation 11 and defining ZO = -VTR/∆IM will enable the user to determine the require feedback to match the line impedance at V2W. 1 Z O = ------------------ R S 133.33 (EQ. 12) ZO is the source impedance of the device and is defined as ZO = ZL - 2Rp. ZL is the line impedance. RS is defined as: R S = 133.33 ( Z L – 2R P ) (EQ. 13) Node Equation at HC55185 VRX input V RX V TX I X = ----------- + ----------R R (EQ. 14) 2 RS = An external resistor/network for matching the line impedance. VTR = The tip to ring voltage at the output pins of the SLIC. V2W = The tip to ring voltage including the voltage across the protection resistors. ZL = The line impedance. ZO = The source impedance of the device. HC55185 Receive Gain (VRX to V2W) 4-wire to 2-wire gain across the HC55185 is equal to the V2W divided by the input voltage VRX, reference Figure 2. The receive gain is calculated using Equation 20. Equation 21 expresses the receive gain (VRX to V2W) in terms of network impedances. From Equation 13, the value of RS was set to match the line impedance (ZL) to the HC55185 plus the protection resistors (Z0 + RP). This results in a 4-wire to 2-wire gain of -1, as shown in Equation 21. V 2W ZL ZL G 4-2 = ------------ = -2 ---------------------------------------- = -2 -------------------- = – 1 V RX Z L + Z O + 2 RP ZL + ZL (EQ. 21) Application Note 9991 R I + M - V2 ZL IM + R R6 33K VRX GSR + CRX VRX 0.47µF - VTR + CA 0.47µF RA 120K AMPR AMPLIFIER PCM I/F FS R + FEED AMPLIFIER RSENSE V3 V4 + 20Ω IX - IM + + - IM + RP R VTX 4R 8K + 3R AMPT AMPLIFIER VFTN VFTP TRANSMIT PATH DX RS 66.5K -IN CFB + 3R 4R 4R 120K + CTX VTX 0.47µF - TA FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 4R R8 49.9K BCLK GST RF E - G RING DR VFR VIN 1:1 FEED AMPLIFIER - RECEIVE PATH R7 33K IX Z0 + + V2W - I + M IX RECEIVE BLOCK V1 20Ω RP - RSENSE AK2306 VRO + - TIP INTERSIL + HC55185 (1 OF 2) + - IX - VFB VSA = ∆IM30 SENSE AMPLIFIER FIGURE 2. HC55185 SIMPLIFIED AC TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT AND AK2306 R I + M - V2 20Ω RP IM - IX RECEIVE BLOCK V1 + FEED AMPLIFIER R R6 33K VRX GSR + CRX VRX 0.47µF - - RA 42.2K RF E - G RING CA 0.47µF RP AMPR AMPLIFIER PCM I/F FS R + - IM + DR VFR VIN 1:1 VTR + RECEIVE PATH 0dB R7 33K IX Z0 + + V2W - I + M ZL - RSENSE AK2306LV VRO FEED AMPLIFIER RSENSE V3 V4 + 20Ω IX - IM + + R TA FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 3R 4R 4R 4R + 3R R8 36.5K + CTX VTX 0.47µF - + 4R VTX 8K VSA = ∆IM30 SENSE AMPLIFIER RS 66.5K -IN BCLK GST 30.1K VFTN VFTP + - TIP INTERSIL + HC55185 (1 OF 2) + - IX - TRANSMIT PATH 0dB DX RIN 45.3K CFB CIN VFB 0.47µF RECEIVE GAIN FROM DR TO T/R IS +3.3dB TRANSMIT GAIN FROM T/R TO DX IS -9.3dB AK2306LV LOW VOLTAGE CONNECTION FIGURE 3. HC55185 SIMPLIFIED AC TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT AND AK2306LV 3 AMPT AMPLIFIER Application Note 9991 Receive Gain Across the System Combining Equations 24 and 25 results in Equation 26. The receive gain across the system is defined as the gain from DR to the phone (V2W). With the receive gain through the HC55185 set to 1, the receive gain across the system is entirely controlled by programming the AK2306. The AK2306 can program the receive gain across the system from +6dB to -18dB in 1 dB increments (reference Figure 4). ZO V TX Z L – 2R P (EQ. 26) G 2-4 = ---------- = – ------------------------------------------------ = – -----------------------------------------------EG 2 ( Z L + 2R P + Z O ) 2 ( Z L + 2R P + Z O ) If more precise gain increments are required, the AMPR amplifier can be used to adjust the overall Receive gain (R6/R7). Transmit Gain Across HC55185 (EG to VTX) (EQ. 22) – E G + Z L I M + 2RP I M – VTR = 0 From Equation 18 with VRX = 0 Z O V 2W V TR = -------------------ZL Z O + 2 RP V 2W = ---------------------------------------- E G Z L + Z O + 2 RP (EQ. 27) Substituting ZL = ZO + 2RP and rearranging Equation 27 in terms of EG results in Equation 28. (EQ. 28) E G = 2V2W The 2-wire to 4-wire gain is equal to VTX/EG with VRX = 0, reference Figure 2. Loop Equation A more useful form of the equation is rewritten in terms of VTX /V2W. A voltage divider equation is written to convert from EG to V2W as shown in Equation 27. (EQ. 23) Substituting Equation 28 into Equation 26 results in an equation for 2-wire to 4-wire gain that’s a function of the synthesized input impedance of the SLIC and the protection resistors. V TX ZO G 2-4 = ------------ = – -------------------------------------------- = 0.416 V 2W ( Z L + 2R P + Z O ) (EQ. 29) ZL is set to 600Ω, ZO is programmed with RS to be 498.76Ω (66.5kΩ/133.33), and RP is equal to 49.9Ω. This results in a 2-wire to 4-wire gain of 0.416 or -7.6dB. Substituting Equation 23 into Equation 22 and simplifying. Transmit Gain Across the System Z L + 2R P + Z O E G = – V 2W --------------------------------------ZL The transmit gain across the system is defined as the gain from the phone or 2-wire side (V2W) to the PCM highway (DX). Setting the gain of the AK2306 will have to account for the attenuated signal through the HC55185. The system gain is entirely controlled by programming the AK2306. The AK2306 can program the transmit gain across the system from +6dB to -18dB in 1 dB increments (reference Figure 4). (EQ. 24) Substituting Equation 12 into Equation 10 and defining ∆IM = -V2W/ZL results in Equation 25 for VTX. V 2W Z L – 2R P V TX = ------------ -----------------------2 ZL (EQ. 25) If more precise gain increments are required, the AMPT amplifier can be used to adjust the overall Transmit gain (Rf/R8). AK2306 VRO VRX _ ZL CRX 0.47µF VTR + EG RING ZTR RS 66.5K -IN ZO ZO = ZL - 2RP VFB GSR CA 0.47µF CFB 4.7µF RF R8 49.9K AMPR AMPLIFIER CTX 0.47µF GST 120K VFTN VFTP TRANSMIT PATH GAIN +6dB to -18dB AMPT AMPLIFIER FIGURE 4. RECEIVE GAIN G(4-2), TRANSMIT GAIN (2-4) 4 DR RA 120K VTX RP 49Ω VFR + - TIP R6 33K + - INTERSIL HC55185 (1 OF 2) RP 49Ω + V2W - R7 33K RECEIVE PATH GAIN +6dB to -18dB DX Application Note 9991 Transhybrid Balance G(4-4) across the system, with the transmit gain of the AK2306 set to 0dB, we set R8 equal to 49.9kΩ. as shown in Equation 30. Transhybrid balance is a measure of how well the input signal is canceled (that being received by the SLIC) from the transmit signal (that being transmitted from the SLIC to the CODEC). Without this function, voice communication would be difficult because of the echo. RF 120k G VTX = G 4 – 4 -------- = G 4 – 4 --------------- = 0.416 ( 2.404 ) = 1.0 R8 49.9k (EQ. 30) The gain through the AMPT amplifier from VGSR must equal the gain from VTX to achieve transhybrid balance. RA is therefore equal to RF, as shown in Equation 31. The signals at VGSR and VTX (Figure 4) are opposite in phase. Transhybrid balance is achieved by summing two signals that are equal in magnitude and opposite in phase into the AMPT amplifier inside the AK2306. GV • 4-wire to 2-wire gain (DR to V2W) equal 0dB • 2-wire to 4-wire gain (V2W to DX ) equal 0dB • Rp = 49.9Ω RF Figure 6 gives the reference design using the Intersil HC55185 and the AK2306 Dual PCM CODEC. Also shown in Figure 6 are the voltage levels at specific points in the circuit. VGSR VFTN VTX VFTP (EQ. 31) The design criteria is as follows: For discussion purpose, the AMPT amplifier is redrawn with the external resistors in Figure 5. R8 RF 120k = V GSR -------- = V GSR ------------- = 1 RA 120k Reference Design of the HC55185 and the AK2306 With a 600Ω Load Transhybrid balance is achieved by summing the VGSR signal with the output signal from the HC55185 when proper gain adjustments are made to match VGSR and VTX magnitudes. RA GSR GAOT + AMPT Impedance Matching The 2-wire impedance is matched to the line impedance Z0 using Equation 1, repeated here in Equation 32. FIGURE 5. TRANSHYBRID BALANCE CIRCUIT R S = 133.3 • ( Z L – 2RP ) Transhybrid balance is achieved by adjusting the magnitude from both VTX and VGSR so their equal to each other. (EQ. 32) For a line impedance of 600Ω, RS equals: The gain across the system is set by the gain through the SLIC (0.416) and the AMPT amplifier through RF/R8. RF is randomly selected to be 120kΩ. To achieve a 0dB gain R S = 133.3 • ( 600 – 98 ) = 66.9kΩ (EQ. 33) The closest standard value for RS would be 66.5kΩ. G4-2 R7 33K 0.7745VRMS INTERSIL HC55185 (1 OF 8) RP 49Ω R6 33K VRX TIP + V2W - CRX 0.47µF + ZL VTR - EG VFR GSR AMPR AMPLIFIER PCM BUS RA 120K RING RF R8 49.9K ZO 0.7745VRMS DR RECIEVE PATH GAIN 0dB CA 0.47µF RP 49Ω ZTR 0dBm0(600Ω) AK2306 VRO 0dBm0(600Ω) ZO = ZL - 2RP AMPT AMPLIFIER 120K VTX RS 66.5K GST CTX 0.47µF VFTN VFTP + - 0.7745VRMS SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: IMPEDANCE: 600Ω TRANSMIT GAIN (A/D): +5.0dB RECEIVE GAIN (D/A): 0dB + - 0dBm0(600Ω) TRANSMIT PATH GAIN 0dB DX -IN 0dBm0(600Ω) CFB 0.7745VRMS 4.7µF VFB -7.619dBm0(600Ω) 0dBm0(600Ω) 0dBm0(600Ω) 0.32219VRMS 0.7748VRMS 0.7748VRMS G2-4 FIGURE 6. REFERENCE DESIGN OF THE HC55185 AND THE AK2306/2306LV WITH A 600Ω LOAD IMPEDANCE 5 Application Note 9991 Reference Design of the HC55185 and the AK2306 With a Complex Load Adjustment to Get -3.5dBm0 at the Load Referenced to 600Ω The design criteria for a Complex load solution are as follows: The voltage equivalent to 0dBm0 into 897Ω (0dBm0(897Ω)) is calculated using Equation 34 (897Ω is the impedance of complex load at 1020Hz). • Desired line circuit impedance is 220 + 820//115nF 2 V 0dBm ( 897Ω ) = 10 log ------------------------------ = 0.9471V RMS 897 ( 0.001 ) • Receive gain V2W / DR is -3.5dB (EQ. 34) • Transmit gain DX / V2W is 0dB The gain referenced back to 0dBm0(600Ω) is equal to: • 0dBm0 is defined as 1mW into the complex impedance at 1020Hz 0.9471V RMS GAIN = 20 log ----------------------------------- = 1.747dB 0.7745V RMS • Rp = 49.9Ω (EQ. 35) The adjustment to get -3.5dBm0 at the load referenced to 600Ω is: Figure 7 gives the reference design using the Intersil HC55185 and the AK2306 Dual PCM CODEC. Also shown in Figure 7 are the voltage levels at specific points in the circuit. Note: The transmit gain of the system is 0dB (-1.79dB(897Ω) = -3.5dB(600Ω)) as explained in the following section. Adjustment = – 3.5dBm0 + 1.747dBm0 = – 1.75 dB (EQ. 36) The voltage at the load (referenced to 600Ω) is given in Equation 37 2 V – 1.75d Bm ( 600Ω ) = 10 log ------------------------------ = 0.63306V RMS (EQ. 37) 600 ( 0.001 ) Setting the Receive Path Gain equal to -1dB and adjusting R6/R7 with standard resistor values results in a voltage of 0.62969Vrms or -1.70dBm0 (600Ω). -1dBm0(600Ω) 0.69036VRMS -1.79dBm0(600Ω) -1.79dBm0(600Ω) 0.62969VRMS R7 33K 0.62969VRMS RP 49Ω R6 30.1K TIP VRX + ZL EG ZTR RF INTERSIL HC55185 ZO GSR 0.7745VRMS DR AMPR AMPLIFIER PCM BUS RA 31.2K RING RP 49Ω VFR CA 0.47µF CRX 0.47µF VTR - RECEIVE PATH GAIN -1dB R8 13K VTX RS 90.9kΩ ZO = ZL - 2RP GST AMPT AMPLIFIER 25.5K CTX 0.47µF VFTN VFTP + - + V2W - 0dBm0(600Ω) AK2306 VRO + - G4-2 TRANSMIT PATH GAIN 0dB DX -IN CFB VFB -1.79dBm0(600Ω) 4.7µF -9.41dBm0(600Ω) -3.56dBm0(600Ω) 0.26195VRMS 0.51382VRMS -3.56dBm0(600Ω) 0.51382VRMS 0.62969VRMS FIGURE 7. REFERENCE DESIGN OF THE HC55185 AND THE AK2306 WITH A COMPLEX LOAD IMPEDANCE All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems. Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries. 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