DATASHEET

DATASHEET
3A Low Quiescent Current 1MHz High Efficiency
Synchronous Buck Regulator
ISL8013A
Features
The ISL8013A is a high efficiency, monolithic, synchronous
step-down DC/DC converter that can deliver up to 3A
continuous output current from a 2.8V to 5.5V input supply. It
uses a current control architecture to deliver very low duty
cycle operation at high frequency with fast transient response
and excellent loop stability.
• High efficiency synchronous buck regulator with up to 97%
efficiency
The ISL8013A integrates a pair of low ON-resistance
P-Channel and N-Channel internal MOSFETs to maximize
efficiency and minimize external component count. The 100%
duty-cycle operation allows less than 300mV dropout voltage
at 3A output current. High 1MHz pulse-width modulation
(PWM) switching frequency allows for the use of small external
components and the SYNC input enables multiple ICs to
synchronize out-of-phase to reduce ripple and eliminate beat
frequencies.
• 3A output current
The ISL8013A can be configured for discontinuous or forced
continuous operation at light load. Forced continuous
operation reduces noise and RF interference while
discontinuous mode provides high efficiency by reducing
switching losses at light loads.
Fault protection is provided by internal hiccup mode current
limiting during short circuit and overcurrent conditions, an
output overvoltage comparator and over-temperature monitor
circuit. A power-good output voltage monitor indicates when
the output is in regulation.
The ISL8013A is offered in a space saving 4mmx4mm, Pb-free
QFN package with exposed pad leadframes for low thermal
resistance.
The ISL8013A includes a pair of low ON-resistance P-Channel
and N-Channel internal MOSFETs to maximize efficiency and
minimize external component count. The 100% duty-cycle
operation allows less than 300mV dropout voltage at 3A.
The ISL8013A offers a 1ms Power-Good (PG) timer at
power-up. When shut down, ISL8013A discharges the output
capacitor. Other features include internal soft-start, internal
compensation, overcurrent protection, and thermal shutdown.
• Power-good (PG) output with a 1ms delay
• 2.8V to 5.5V supply voltage
• 3% output accuracy over temperature, load, line
• Start-up with prebiased output
• Internal soft-start - 1ms
• Soft-stop output discharge during disable
• 35µA quiescent supply current in PFM mode
• Selectable forced PWM mode and PFM mode
• External synchronization up to 4MHz
• Less than 1µA logic controlled shutdown current
• 100% maximum duty cycle
• Internal current mode compensation
• Peak current limiting and hiccup mode short-circuit
protection
• Over-temperature protection
• Small 16 Ld 4mmx4mm QFN
• Pb-Free (RoHS compliant)
Applications
• DC/DC POL modules
• µC/µP, FPGA and DSP power
• Plug-in DC/DC modules for routers and switchers
• Portable instruments
• Test and measurement systems
• Li-ion battery powered devices
• Small form factor (SFP) modules
• Barcode readers
The ISL8013A is offered in a 4mmx4mm 16 Ld QFN package
with 1mm maximum height. The complete converter occupies
less than 0.4in2 area.
November 17, 2014
FN7526.2
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Copyright Intersil Americas LLC 2009, 2014. All Rights Reserved
Intersil (and design) is a trademark owned by Intersil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries.
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ISL8013A
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
(Notes 1, 2, 3)
PART
MARKING
ISL8013AIRZ
80 13AIRZ
ISL8013AEVAL2Z
Evaluation Board
TEMP. RANGE
(°C)
PACKAGE
(Pb-Free)
-40 to +85
16 Ld 4x4 QFN
PKG.
DWG. #
L16.4x4
NOTES:
1. Add “-T*” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.
2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte
tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil
Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL8013A. For more information on MSL please see techbrief TB363.
Pin Configuration
VIN
1
VIN
2
NC
LX
LX
LX
ISL8013A
(16 LD QFN)
TOP VIEW
16
15
14
13
12 PGND
11 PGND
PAD
4
9
5
6
7
8
VFB
SYNCH
PG
10 SGND
NC
3
EN
VDD
SGND
REFER TO APPLICATION NOTE AN1365 FOR MORE LAYOUT SUGGESTIONS.
Pin Descriptions
PIN NUMBER
PIN NAME
DESCRIPTION
1, 2
VIN
Input supply voltage. Connect a 10µF ceramic capacitor to power ground.
3
VDD
Input supply voltage for the analog circuitry. Connect to VIN pin.
5
EN
Regulator enable pin. Enable the output when driven to high. Shut down the chip and discharge output
capacitor when driven to low. Do not leave this pin floating.
7
PG
1ms timer output. At power-up or EN HI, this output is a 1ms delayed power-good signal for the output
voltage.
4
SYNCH
Mode Selection pin. Connect to logic high or input voltage VDD for PWM mode. Connect to logic low or
ground for PFM mode. Connect to an external function generator for synchronization with the negative
edge trigger. Do not leave this pin floating.
13, 14, 15
LX
11, 12
PGND
Power ground
Switching node connection. Connect to one terminal of the inductor.
9, 10
SGND
Signal ground
8
VFB
Buck regulator output feedback. Connect to the output through a resistor divider for adjustable output
voltage. For 0.8V output voltage, connect this pin to the output.
6, 16
NC
-
Exposed Pad
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No connect
2
The exposed pad must be connected to the SGND pin for proper electrical performance. Place as many
vias as possible under the pad connecting to SGND plane for optimal thermal performance.
FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
Typical Application
INPUT
OUTPUT
1.8V
L
1.5µH
2.8V TO 5.5V
VIN
LX
C2
2 x 22µF
VDD
C1
2 x 22µF
R2
124k
PGND
C3
47pF
ISL8013A
EN
R1
100k
VFB
R3
100k
PG
SYNCH
SGND
FIGURE 1. TYPICAL APPLICATION DIAGRAM
Block Diagram
SYNCH
SHUTDOWN
SOFTSoft
START
SHUTDOWN
27pF
390k
BANDGAP 0.8V
+
EN
VIN
OSCILLATOR
+
COMP
-
EAMP
-
PWM/PFM
LOGIC
CONTROLLER
PROTECTION
DRIVER
3pF
LX
+
PGND
VFB
Slope
SLOPE
COMP
6k
+
CSA
+
OCP
-
+
0.736V
1.4V
+
SKIP
PG
-
1ms
DELAY
SGND
0.5V
ZERO-CROSS
SENSING
0.2V
SCP
+
FIGURE 2. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
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FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Reference to GND)
Thermal Information
VIN, VDD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 6V (DC) or 7V (20ms)
EN, SYNCH, PG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to VIN + 0.3V
LX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.5V (100ns)/-0.3V (DC) to 6.5V (DC) or 7V (20ms)
VFB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 2.8V
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Notes 4, 5)
JA (°C/W) JC (°C/W)
16 Ld 4x4 QFN Package . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
3
Junction Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-55°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C
Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see TB493
Recommended Operating Conditions
VIN Supply Voltage Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8V to 5.5V
Load Current Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A to 3A
Ambient Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40°C to +85°C
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product
reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTES:
4. JA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See Tech
Brief TB379.
5. JC, “case temperature” location is at the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
Electrical Specifications
Unless otherwise noted, all parameter limits are established over the recommended operating conditions and
the typical specification are measured at the following conditions unless otherwise noted: TA = -40°C to +85°C, VIN = 3.6V, EN = VDD. Typical values are
at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply across the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C.
PARAMETER
MIN
(Note 7)
TYP
MAX
(Note 7)
UNITS
Rising, no load
-
2.6
2.8
V
Falling, no load
2.15
2.35
-
V
SYNCH = GND, no load at the output
-
35
-
µA
SYNCH = GND, no load at the output and no switches
switching
-
30
45
µA
SYNCH = VDD, FS = 1MHz, no load at the output
-
6.5
10
mA
VIN = 5.5V, EN = low
-
0.1
2
µA
0.790
0.8
0.810
V
VFB = 0.75V
-
0.1
-
µA
VIN = VO + 0.5V to 5.5V (minimal 2.8V)
-
0.2
-
%/V
-
1
-
ms
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
INPUT SUPPLY
VIN Undervoltage Lockout Threshold
Quiescent Supply Current
VUVLO
IVIN
Shut Down Supply Current
ISD
OUTPUT REGULATION
Reference Voltage
VREF
VFB Bias Current
IVFB
Line Regulation
Soft-Start Ramp Time Cycle
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
Current Limit Blanking Time
tOCON
-
17
-
Clock pulses
Overcurrent and Auto Restart Period
tOCOFF
-
4
-
SS cycle
Switch Current Limit
ILIMIT
(Note 6)
4.0
4.8
5.9
A
Peak Skip Limit
ISKIP
(Note 6)
-
1.2
-
A
-
20
-
µA/V
0.213
0.25
0.287
Ω
VIN = 5V, IO = 200mA
-
50
75
mΩ
VIN = 2.8V, IO = 200mA
-
70
100
mΩ
COMPENSATION
Error Amplifier Transconductance
Trans-Resistance
RT
LX
P-Channel MOSFET ON-resistance
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FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
Electrical Specifications
Unless otherwise noted, all parameter limits are established over the recommended operating conditions and
the typical specification are measured at the following conditions unless otherwise noted: TA = -40°C to +85°C, VIN = 3.6V, EN = VDD. Typical values are
at TA = +25°C. Boldface limits apply across the operating temperature range, -40°C to +85°C. (Continued)
PARAMETER
MIN
(Note 7)
TYP
MAX
(Note 7)
UNITS
VIN = 5V, IO = 200mA
-
50
75
mΩ
VIN = 2.8V, IO = 200mA
-
70
100
mΩ
-
100
-

0.80
1.00
1.20
MHz
SYNCH = High
-
-
140
ns
Sinking 1mA
-
-
0.3
V
0.65
1
1.35
ms
-
0.01
0.1
µA
SYMBOL
N-Channel MOSFET ON-Resistance
TEST CONDITIONS
LX Maximum Duty Cycle
PWM Switching Frequency
fS
LX Minimum On-Time
PG
Output Low Voltage
Delay Time (Rising Edge)
PG Pin Leakage Current
PG = VIN = 3.6V
PGOOD Rising Threshold
Percentage of regulation voltage
89
92
95
%
PGOOD Falling Threshold
Percentage of regulation voltage
85
88
91.5
%
-
15
-
µs
Logic Input Low
-
-
0.4
V
Logic Input High
1.4
-
-
V
-
0.1
1
µA
-
0.1
1
µA
Thermal Shutdown
-
140
-
°C
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis
-
25
-
°C
PGOOD Delay Time (Falling Edge)
EN, SYNCH
Synch Logic Input Leakage Current
ISYNCH
Enable Logic Input Leakage Current
IEN
Pulled up to 5.5V
NOTES:
6. Limits established by characterization and are not production tested.
7. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization
and are not production tested.
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FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
Typical Operating Performance Unless otherwise noted, operating conditions are: TA = +25°C, VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, EN = VIN,
SYNCH = 0V, L = 1.5µH, C1 = 2x22µF, C2 = 2x22µF, IOUT = 0A to 3A .
100
100
90
2.5VOUT-PWM
80
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
90
1.8VOUT-PWM
1.5VOUT-PWM
70
1.2VOUT-PWM
60
50
2.5VOUT-PFM
80
1.8VOUT-PFM
1.2VOUT-PFM
70
60
50
40
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
40
3.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
90
0.9
2.5VOUT-PWM
70
1.8VOUT-PWM
EFFICIENCY (%)
1.0
EFFICIENCY (%)
100
80
1.5VOUT-PWM
1.2VOUT-PWM
3.3VOUT-PWM
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
0.8
0.9
1.0
FIGURE 4. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD (1MHz 3.3 VIN PFM)
FIGURE 3. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD (1MHz 3.3 VIN PWM)
60
50
0.8 2.5VOUT-PFM
3.3VOUT-PFM
1.5VOUT-PFM
1.8VOUT-PFM
0.7
1.2VOUT-PFM
0.6
0.5
40
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0.4
0.0
3.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
2.00
POWER DISSIPATION (mW)
1.50
1.25
1.00
3.3VIN-PFM
5VIN-PWM
0.75
3.3VIN-PWM
5VIN-PFM
0.25
0
0.0
0.8
0.9
1.0
125
1.75
0.50
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
FIGURE 6. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD (1MHz 5VIN PFM)
FIGURE 5. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD (1MHz 5VIN PWM)
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
1.5VOUT-PFM
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
FIGURE 7. POWER DISSIPATION vs LOAD (1MHz, VOUT = 1.8V)
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100
75
50
25
0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
VIN (V)
4.5
5.0
5.5
FIGURE 8. POWER DISSIPATION WITH NO LOAD vs VIN
(PWM VOUT = 1.8V)
FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
Typical Operating Performance Unless otherwise noted, operating conditions are: TA = +25°C, VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, EN = VIN,
SYNCH = 0V, L = 1.5µH, C1 = 2x22µF, C2 = 2x22µF, IOUT = 0A to 3A . (Continued)
1.55
1.24
1.54
3.3VIN-PFM
1.22
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.23
1.21
1.20
1.19
5VIN-PWM
1.18
3.3VIN-PWM
5VIN-PFM
1.52
1.51
1.50
5VIN-PFM
1.49
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.3VIN-PWM
1.47
3.0
0.0
0.5
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
FIGURE 10. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD (1MHz, VOUT = 1.5V)
1.83
2.52
2.51
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
3.3VIN-PFM
5VIN-PWM
1.81
1.80
1.79
1.78 3.3V
IN-PWM
1.77
5VIN-PFM
3.3VIN-PFM
3.3VIN-PWM
2.50
2.49
2.48
2.47
5VIN-PWM
2.46
5VIN-PFM
2.45
1.76
1.75
0.0
3.0
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
FIGURE 9. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD (1MHz, VOUT = 1.2V)
1.82
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
5VIN-PWM
1.48
1.17
1.16
3.3VIN-PFM
1.53
2.44
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
2.5
3.0
FIGURE 11. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD (1MHz, VOUT = 1.8V)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
2.5
3.0
FIGURE 12. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD (1MHz, VOUT = 2.5V)
3.36
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
3.35
4.5VIN-PWM
5VIN-PWM
3.34
3.33
3.32
3.31
3.30
4.5VIN-PFM
5VIN-PFM
3.29
3.28
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
OUTPUT LOAD (A)
2.5
3.0
FIGURE 13. VOUT REGULATION vs LOAD (1MHz, VOUT = 3.3V)
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FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
Typical Operating Performance Unless otherwise noted, operating conditions are: TA = +25°C, VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, EN = VIN,
SYNCH = 0V, L = 1.5µH, C1 = 2x22µF, C2 = 2x22µF, IOUT = 0A to 3A . (Continued)
1.830
1.830
1.820
0A LOAD PWM
3A LOAD PWM
1.810
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.820
1.800
1.790
1.780
1.770
1.760
3A LOAD
1.810
0A LOAD
1.800
1.790
1.780
1.770
1.760
1.750
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
1.750
2.0
2.5
3.0
FIGURE 14. OUTPUT VOLTAGE REGULATION vs VIN
(PWM VOUT = 1.8 )
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
FIGURE 15. OUTPUT VOLTAGE REGULATION vs VIN
(PFM VOUT = 1.8V)
LX 2V/DIV
LX 2V/DIV
VOUT RIPPLE 20mV/DIV
VOUT RIPPLE 20mV/DIV
IL 0.5A/DIV
IL 0.5A/DIV
FIGURE 16. STEADY STATE OPERATION AT NO LOAD (PWM)
FIGURE 17. STEADY STATE OPERATION AT NO LOAD (PFM)
LX 2V/DIV
LX 2V/DIV
IL 1A/DIV
VOUT RIPPLE 50mV/DIV
IL 1A/DIV
VOUT RIPPLE 20mV/DIV
FIGURE 18. STEADY STATE OPERATION WITH FULL LOAD
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FIGURE 19. MODE TRANSITION CCM TO DCM
FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
Typical Operating Performance Unless otherwise noted, operating conditions are: TA = +25°C, VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, EN = VIN,
SYNCH = 0V, L = 1.5µH, C1 = 2x22µF, C2 = 2x22µF, IOUT = 0A to 3A . (Continued)
LX 2V/DIV
VOUT RIPPLE 50mV/DIV
VOUT RIPPLE 50mV/DIV
IL 1A/DIV
IL 1A/DIV
FIGURE 20. MODE TRANSITION DCM TO CCM
LX 2V/DIV
FIGURE 21. LOAD TRANSIENT (PWM)
EN 5V/DIV
VOUT 0.5V/DIV
VOUT RIPPLE 50mV/DIV
IL 1A/DIV
IL 1A/DIV
FIGURE 22. LOAD TRANSIENT (PFM)
PG 5V/DIV
FIGURE 23. SOFT-START WITH NO LOAD (PWM)
EN 5V/DIV
EN 5V/DIV
VOUT 0.5V/DIV
VOUT 0.5V/DIV
IL 5A/DIV
IL 1A/DIV
PG 5V/DIV
PG 5V/DIV
FIGURE 24. SOFT-START AT NO LOAD (PFM)
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FIGURE 25. SOFT-START WITH PREBIASED 1V
FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
Typical Operating Performance Unless otherwise noted, operating conditions are: TA = +25°C, VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, EN = VIN,
SYNCH = 0V, L = 1.5µH, C1 = 2x22µF, C2 = 2x22µF, IOUT = 0A to 3A . (Continued)
EN 5V/DIV
EN 5V/DIV
VOUT 0.5V/DIV
VOUT 0.5V/DIV
IL 1A/DIV
IL 1A/DIV
PG 5V/DIV
PG 5V/DIV
FIGURE 26. SOFT-START AT FULL LOAD
FIGURE 27. SOFT-DISCHARGE SHUTDOWN
LX 2V/DIV
LX 2V/DIV
IL 1A/DIV
SYNCH 2V/DIV
VOUT RIPPLE 20mV/DIV
IL 1A/DIV
FIGURE 28. STEADY STATE OPERATION AT NO LOAD WITH
FREQUENCY = 2MHz
LX 2V/DIV
SYNCH 2V/DIV
VOUT RIPPLE 20mV/DIV
FIGURE 29. STEADY STATE OPERATION AT FULL LOAD WITH
FREQUENCY = 2MHz
LX 2V/DIV
IL 1A/DIV
SYNCH 2V/DIV
SYNCH 2V/DIV
VOUT RIPPLE 20mV/DIV
VOUT RIPPLE 20mV/DIV
IL 1A/DIV
FIGURE 30. STEADY STATE OPERATION AT NO LOAD WITH
FREQUENCY = 4MHz
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FIGURE 31. STEADY STATE OPERATION AT FULL LOAD (PWM)
WITH FREQUENCY = 4MHz
FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
Typical Operating Performance Unless otherwise noted, operating conditions are: TA = +25°C, VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, EN = VIN,
SYNCH = 0V, L = 1.5µH, C1 = 2x22µF, C2 = 2x22µF, IOUT = 0A to 3A . (Continued)
LX 2V/DIV
PHASE 2V/DIV
VOUT 1V/DIV
VOUT 0.5V/DIV
IL 2A/DIV
IL 2A/DIV
PG 5V/DIV
PG 5V/DIV
FIGURE 33. OUTPUT SHORT-CIRCUIT RECOVERY
FIGURE 32. OUTPUT SHORT-CIRCUIT
5.000
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
4.875
4.750
OCP_3.3VIN
4.625
4.500
4.375
OCP_5VIN
4.250
4.125
4.000
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 34. OUTPUT CURRENT LIMIT vs TEMPERATURE
Theory of Operation
The ISL8013A is a step-down switching regulator optimized for
battery-powered handheld applications. The regulator operates at
1MHz fixed switching frequency under heavy load conditions to
allow smaller external inductors and capacitors to be used for
minimal printed-circuit board (PCB) area. At light load, the regulator
reduces the switching frequency, unless forced to the fixed
frequency, to minimize the switching loss and to maximize the
battery life. The quiescent current, when the output is not loaded, is
typically only 35µA. The supply current is typically only 0.1µA when
the regulator is shut down.
PWM Control Scheme
Pulling the SYNCH pin HI (>2.5V) forces the converter into PWM
mode, regardless of output current. The ISL8013A employs the
current-mode pulse-width modulation (PWM) control scheme for
fast transient response and pulse-by-pulse current limiting. Figure 2
shows the block diagram. The current loop consists of the oscillator,
the PWM comparator, current sensing circuit and the slope
compensation for the current loop stability. The gain for the current
sensing circuit is typically 250mV/A. The control reference for the
current loops comes from the error amplifier's (EAMP) output.
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The PWM operation is initialized by the clock from the oscillator.
The P-Channel MOSFET is turned on at the beginning of a PWM
cycle and the current in the MOSFET starts to ramp up. When the
sum of the current amplifier CSA and the slope compensation
(237mV/µs) reaches the control reference of the current loop, the
PWM comparator COMP sends a signal to the PWM logic to turn
off the P-MOSFET and turn on the N-Channel MOSFET. The
N-MOSFET stays on until the end of the PWM cycle. Figure 35
shows the typical operating waveforms during the PWM operation.
The dotted lines illustrate the sum of the slope compensation
ramp and the current-sense amplifier’s CSA output.
The output voltage is regulated by controlling the VEAMP voltage
to the current loop. The bandgap circuit outputs a 0.8V reference
voltage to the voltage loop. The feedback signal comes from the
VFB pin. The soft-start block only affects the operation during the
start-up and will be discussed separately. The error amplifier is a
transconductance amplifier that converts the voltage error signal
to a current output. The voltage loop is internally compensated
with the 27pF and 390kΩ RC network. The maximum EAMP
voltage output is precisely clamped to 1.6V.
FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
Synchronization Control
VEAMP
The frequency of operation can be synchronized up to 4MHz by an
external signal applied to the SYNCH pin. The falling edge on the
SYNCH triggers the rising edge of the LX pulse. Make sure that the
minimum on time of the LX node is greater than 140ns.
VCSA
DUTY
CYCLE
Overcurrent Protection
The overcurrent protection is realized by monitoring the CSA
output with the OCP comparator, as shown in Figure 2. The current
sensing circuit has a gain of 250mV/A, from the P-MOSFET current
to the CSA output. When the CSA output reaches 1.4V, which is
equivalent to 4.8A for the switch current, the OCP comparator is
tripped to turn off the P-MOSFET immediately. The overcurrent
function protects the switching converter from a shorted output by
monitoring the current flowing through the upper MOSFET.
IL
VOUT
FIGURE 35. PWM OPERATION WAVEFORMS
SKIP Mode
Pulling the SYNCH pin LO (<0.4V) forces the converter into PFM
mode. The ISL8013A enters a pulse-skipping mode at light load
to minimize the switching loss by reducing the switching
frequency. Figure 36 illustrates the skip-mode operation. A
zero-cross sensing circuit shown in Figure 2 monitors the
N-MOSFET current for zero crossing. When 8 consecutive cycles
of the inductor current crossing zero are detected, the regulator
enters the skip mode. During the eight detecting cycles, the
current in the inductor is allowed to become negative. The
counter is reset to zero when the current in any cycle does not
cross zero.
Once the skip mode is entered, the pulse modulation starts being
controlled by the SKIP comparator shown in Figure 2. Each pulse
cycle is still synchronized by the PWM clock. The P-MOSFET is
turned on at the clock's rising edge and turned off when the
output is higher than 1.5% of the nominal regulation or when its
current reaches the peak skip current limit value. Then the
inductor current is discharging to 0A and stays at zero. The
internal clock is disabled. The output voltage reduces gradually
due to the load current discharging the output capacitor. When
the output voltage drops to the nominal voltage, the P-MOSFET
will be turned on again at the rising edge of the internal clock as
it repeats the previous operations.
Upon detection of an overcurrent condition, the upper MOSFET
will be immediately turned off and will not be turned on again
until the next switching cycle. Upon detection of the initial
overcurrent condition, the overcurrent fault counter is set to 1. If,
on the subsequent cycle, another overcurrent condition is
detected, the OC fault counter will be incremented. If there are
17 sequential OC fault detections, the regulator will be shut down
under an overcurrent fault condition. An overcurrent fault
condition will result in the regulator attempting to restart in a
hiccup mode within the delay of four soft-start periods. At the
end of the fourth soft-start wait period, the fault counters are
reset and soft-start is attempted again. If the overcurrent
condition goes away during the delay of four soft-start periods,
the output will resume back into regulation point after hiccup
mode expires.
Short-Circuit Protection
The short-circuit protection SCP comparator monitors the VFB pin
voltage for output short-circuit protection. When the VFB is lower
than 0.2V, the SCP comparator forces the PWM oscillator
frequency to drop to 1/3 of the normal operation value. This
comparator is effective during start-up or an output short-circuit
event.
.
The regulator resumes normal PWM mode operation when the
output voltage drops 1.5% below the nominal voltage.
PWM
PFM
CLOCK
8 CYCLES
PFM CURRENT LIMIT
IL
LOAD CURRENT
0
NOMINAL +1.5%
VOUT
NOMINAL
FIGURE 36. SKIP MODE OPERATION WAVEFORMS
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FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
PG
between 10kΩ to 100kΩ, and use Equation 1 to determine R4:
During power-up, the open-drain power-good output holds low for
about 1ms after VOUT reaches the regulation voltage. The PG
output also serves as a 1ms delayed the power-good signal when
the pull-up resistor R1 is installed.
R 5   V IN – 1.4V 
R 4 = -------------------------------------------1.4V
UVLO
When the input voltage is below the undervoltage lockout (UVLO)
threshold, the regulator is disabled. To adjust the voltage level of
power on and UVLO, use a resistive divider across EN. The input
voltage programming resistor R4 will depend on the bottom
resistor R5, as referred to in Figure 37. The value of R5 is typically
between 10kΩ and 100kΩ.
VIN
R4
R5
Where VIN is greater than or equal to 2.5V.
Then select C such that the equivalent time constant is at least
2x the rise time, T. This will delay the EN voltage enough so that
the overall EN voltage is less than 400mV by the time VIN
reaches 2.5V. Use Equation 2 to get C:
2T
C  -------------------R 4  R 5
(EQ. 2)
Where T is the rise time of VIN
As an example, let VIN = 5V with rise time, T = 10ms. Then
R4 = 56.2kΩ, R5 = 71.5kΩ, and C = 0.68µF are used to insure
that VIN was >2.5V and the EN voltage was <400mV.
EN
1V
(EQ. 1)
C
Discharge Mode (Soft-Stop)
When a transition to shutdown mode occurs or the VIN UVLO is
set, the outputs discharge to GND through an internal 100Ω
switch.
+
-
FIGURE 37. EXTERNAL RESISTOR DIVIDER
Soft Start-up
The soft start-up reduces the in-rush current during the start-up.
The soft-start block outputs a ramp reference to the input of the
error amplifier. This voltage ramp limits the inductor current as
well as the output voltage speed so that the output voltage rises
in a controlled fashion. When VFB is less than 0.2V at the
beginning of the soft-start, the switching frequency is reduced to
1/3 of the nominal value so that the output can start-up
smoothly at light load condition. During soft-start, the IC operates
in the SKIP mode to support prebiased output conditions.
Enable
The enable (EN) input allows the user to control the turning on or
off the regulator for purposes such as power-up sequencing.
When the regulator is enabled, there is typically a 600µs delay
for waking up the bandgap reference and then the soft-start-up
begins. It is recommended that the EN voltage should be kept
logic low (less than 400mV), until VIN reaches 2.5V. Refer to
Figures 37 and 38 for suggested circuit implementation with VIN
slew rate.
Power MOSFETs
The power MOSFETs are optimized for best efficiency. The
ON-resistance for the P-MOSFET is typically 50mΩ and the
ON-resistance for the N-MOSFET is typically 50mΩ.
100% Duty Cycle
The ISL8013A features 100% duty cycle operation to maximize
the battery life. When the battery voltage drops to a level that the
ISL8013A can no longer maintain the regulation at the output,
the regulator completely turns on the P-MOSFET. The maximum
dropout voltage under the 100% duty-cycle operation is the
product of the load current and the ON-resistance of the
P-MOSFET.
Thermal Shutdown
The ISL8013A has built-in thermal protection. When the internal
temperature reaches +140°C, the regulator is completely shut
down. As the temperature drops to +115°C, the ISL8013A
resumes operation by stepping through the soft-start.
V (VOLTS)
VIN
EN
2.5V
<400mV
T
t (TIME)
FIGURE 38. CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION WITH VIN SLEW RATE
Let T equal the rise time of VIN. Select the ratio of R5 and R4
such that the voltage is 1.4V (minimum enable logic high
threshold) when VIN is equal to or greater than 2.5V. Set R5
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FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
Applications Information
TABLE 1. OUTPUT CAPACITOR VALUE vs VOUT
Output Inductor and Capacitor Selection
To consider steady state and transient operations, ISL8013A
typically uses a 1.5µH output inductor. The higher or lower
inductor value can be used to optimize the total converter system
performance. For example, for higher output voltage 3.3V
application, in order to decrease the inductor current ripple and
output voltage ripple, the output inductor value can be increased.
It is recommended to set the ripple inductor current
approximately 30% of the maximum output current for optimized
performance. The inductor ripple current can be expressed as
shown in Equation 3:
VO 

V O   1 – ---------
V IN

I = ------------------------------------L  fS
(EQ. 3)
The inductor’s saturation current rating needs to be at least
larger than the peak current. The ISL8013A protects the typical
peak current 4.8A. The saturation current needs be over 5.5A for
maximum output current applications.
ISL8013A uses an internal compensation network and the
output capacitor value is dependent on the output voltage. The
ceramic capacitor is recommended to be X5R or X7R. The
recommended X5R or X7R minimum output capacitor values are
shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the minimum output capacitor value
is given for the different output voltage to make sure that the
whole converter system is stable. Additional output capacitance
should be added for better performances in applications where
high load transient or low output ripple is required. It is
recommended to check the system level performance along with
the simulation model.
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VOUT (V)
COUT (µF)
L (µH)
0.8
2 x 22
1.0~2.2
1.2
2 x 22
1.0~2.2
1.5
2 x 22
1.5~3.3
1.8
2 x 22
1.5~3.3
2.5
2 x 22
1.5~3.3
3.3
2 x 22
2.2~4.7
3.6
2 x 22
2.2~4.7
Output Voltage Selection
The output voltage of the regulator can be programmed via an
external resistor divider that is used to scale the output voltage
relative to the internal reference voltage and feed it back to the
inverting input of the error amplifier (see Figure 1).
The output voltage programming resistor, R3, will depend on the
value chosen for the feedback resistor and the desired output
voltage of the regulator. The value for the feedback resistor is
typically between 10kΩ and 100kΩas shown in Equation 4.
R 2  0.8V
R 3 = ---------------------------------V OUT – 0.8V
(EQ. 4)
If the output voltage desired is 0.8V, then R3 is left unpopulated
and R2 is shorted. There is a leakage current from VIN to LX. It is
recommended to preload the output with 10µA minimum. For
better performance, add 47pF in parallel with R2 (100kΩ
Input Capacitor Selection
The main functions for the input capacitor are to provide
decoupling of the parasitic inductance and to provide filtering
function to prevent the switching current flowing back to the
battery rail. Two 22µF X5R or X7R ceramic capacitors are a good
starting point for the input capacitor selection.
FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
Revision History
The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to web to make sure you
have the latest Rev.
DATE
REVISION
CHANGE
November 17, 2014
FN7526.2
Added more information to section “Enable” on page 13.
Added more information to section “UVLO” on page 13.
July 24, 2014
FN7526.1
Converted to new datasheet template.
Updated Tape & Reel note in “Ordering Information” on page 2 from "Add “-T” suffix for tape and reel." to
new standard "Add “-T*” suffix for tape and reel." The "*" covers all possible tape and reel options.
Added Evaluation board information to the Ordering Information on page 2.
Replaced Figure 6 on page 6, Figure 7 on page 6 and Figure 11 on page 7 with the new data curves.
Removed Figure 9 (POWER DISSIPATION WITH NO LOAD vs VIN (PFM VOUT = 1.8V).
November 25, 2009
FN7526.0
Initial Release.
About Intersil
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FN7526.2
November 17, 2014
ISL8013A
Package Outline Drawing
L16.4x4
16 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 6, 02/08
4X 1.95
4.00
12X 0.65
A
B
13
6
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
6
PIN #1 INDEX AREA
16
1
4.00
12
2 . 10 ± 0 . 15
9
4
0.15
(4X)
5
8
TOP VIEW
0.10 M C A B
+0.15
16X 0 . 60
-0.10
4 0.28 +0.07 / -0.05
BOTTOM VIEW
SEE DETAIL "X"
0.10 C
1.00 MAX
C
BASE PLANE
( 3 . 6 TYP )
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
SIDE VIEW
(
2 . 10 )
( 12X 0 . 65 )
( 16X 0 . 28 )
C
0 . 2 REF
5
( 16 X 0 . 8 )
0 . 00 MIN.
0 . 05 MAX.
DETAIL "X"
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
NOTES:
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.
3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05
4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
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FN7526.2
November 17, 2014