LTC2345-16 Octal, 16-Bit, 200ksps Differential SoftSpan ADC with Wide Input Common Mode Range Description Features 200ksps per Channel Throughput nn Eight Simultaneous Sampling Channels nn ±1.25LSB INL (Maximum) nn Guaranteed 16-Bit, No Missing Codes nn Differential, Wide Common Mode Range Inputs nn Per-Channel SoftSpan Input Ranges: ±4.096V, 0V to 4.096V, ±2.048V, 0V to 2.048V ±5V, 0V to 5V, ±2.5V, 0V to 2.5V nn 91dB Single-Conversion SNR (Typical) nn −113dB THD (Typical) at f = 2kHz IN nn 102dB CMRR (Typical) at f = 200Hz IN nn Rail-to-Rail Input Overdrive Tolerance nn Guaranteed Operation to 125°C nn Integrated Reference and Buffer (4.096V) nn SPI CMOS (1.8V to 5V) and LVDS Serial I/O nn Internal Conversion Clock, No Cycle Latency nn 81mW Power Dissipation (Typical) nn 48-Lead (7mm x 7mm) QFN Package The LTC®2345-16 is a 16-bit, low noise 8-channel simultaneous sampling successive approximation register (SAR) ADC with differential, wide common mode range inputs. Operating from a 5V low voltage supply and using the internal reference and buffer, each channel of this SoftSpanTM ADC can be independently configured on a conversion-by-conversion basis to accept ±4.096, 0V to 4.096V, ±2.048V, or 0V to 2.048V signals. Individual channels may also be disabled to increase throughput on the remaining channels. nn The wide input common mode range and 102dB CMRR of the LTC2345-16 analog inputs allow the ADC to directly digitize a variety of signals, simplifying signal chain design. This input signal flexibility, combined with ±1.25LSB INL, no missing codes at 16 bits, and 91dB SNR, makes the LTC2345-16 an ideal choice for many applications requiring wide dynamic range. The LTC2345-16 supports pin-selectable SPI CMOS (1.8V to 5V) and LVDS serial interfaces. Between one and eight lanes of data output may be employed in CMOS mode, allowing the user to optimize bus width and throughput. Applications Programmable Logic Controllers Industrial Process Control nn Medical Imaging nn High Speed Data Acquisition nn L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks and SoftSpan is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Protected by U.S. Patents, including 7705765, 7961132, 8319673. Other Patents pending. nn Typical Application 5V 0.1µF 2.2µF Integral Nonlinearity vs Output Code and Channel 1.8V TO 5V 0.1µF CMOS OR LVDS I/O INTERFACE 0V BIPOLAR 5V UNIPOLAR 0V DIFFERENTIAL INPUTS IN+/IN– WITH WIDE INPUT COMMON MODE RANGE S/H S/H 0.50 SDO0 MUX 16-BIT SAR ADC SDO7 SCKO SCKI SDI CS BUSY CNV S/H REFBUF REFIN GND 234516 TA01a EIGHT SIMULTANEOUS SAMPLING CHANNELS 0.75 LTC2345-16 S/H IN7+ S/H IN7– 1.00 OVDD LVDS/CMOS PD S/H 0V • • • 5V IN0+ S/H IN0– S/H VDDLBYP • • • 0V VDD INL ERROR (LSB) 5V ARBITRARY FULLY DIFFERENTIAL 5V 47µF 0.1µF ±4.096V RANGE FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) ALL CHANNELS 0.25 0 –0.25 –0.50 SAMPLE CLOCK –0.75 –1.00 –32768 –16384 0 16384 OUTPUT CODE 32768 234516 TA01b 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 1 LTC2345-16 Absolute Maximum Ratings Pin Configuration (Notes 1, 2) 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 IN7+ IN7– GND GND GND VDD VDD GND VDDLBYP CS BUSY SDI TOP VIEW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 49 GND SDO7 SDO–/SDO6 SDO+/SDO5 SCKO–/SDO4 SCKO+/SCKO OVDD GND SCKI–/SCKI SCKI+/SDO3 SDI–/SDO2 SDI+/SDO1 SDO0 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 IN6– IN6+ IN5– IN5+ IN4– IN4+ IN3– IN3+ IN2– IN2+ IN1– IN1+ IN0– IN0+ GND GND GND GND REFIN GND REFBUF PD LVDS/CMOS CNV Supply Voltage (VDD)...................................................6V Supply Voltage (OVDD).................................................6V Internal Regulated Supply Bypass (VDDLBYP).... (Note 3) Analog Input Voltage IN0+ to IN7+, IN0– to IN7– (Note 4).................(–0.3V) to (VDD + 0.3V) REFIN..................................................... –0.3V to 2.8V REFBUF, CNV (Note 4).............. –0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V) Digital Input Voltage (Note 4)...... –0.3V to (OVDD + 0.3V) Digital Output Voltage (Note 4)... –0.3V to (OVDD + 0.3V) Power Dissipation............................................... 500mW Operating Temperature Range LTC2345C................................................. 0°C to 70°C LTC2345I..............................................–40°C to 85°C LTC2345H........................................... –40°C to 125°C Storage Temperature Range................... –65°C to 150°C UK PACKAGE 48-LEAD (7mm × 7mm) PLASTIC QFN TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 34°C/W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 49) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB Order Information (http://www.linear.com/product/LTC2345-16#orderinfo) LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE LTC2345CUK-16#PBF LTC2345CUK-16#TRPBF LTC2345UK-16 48-Lead (7mm × 7mm) Plastic QFN 0°C to 70°C LTC2345IUK-16#PBF LTC2345IUK-16#TRPBF LTC2345UK-16 48-Lead (7mm × 7mm) Plastic QFN –40°C to 85°C LTC2345HUK-16#PBF LTC2345HUK-16#TRPBF LTC2345UK-16 48-Lead (7mm × 7mm) Plastic QFN –40°C to 125°C Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/. Some packages are available in 500 unit reels through designated sales channels with #TRMPBF suffix. 234516f 2 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Electrical Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VIN+ Absolute Input Range (IN0+ to IN7+) VIN– Absolute Input Range (IN0– to IN7–) VIN+ – VIN– Input Differential Voltage Range VCM MAX UNITS 0 VDD V l 0 VDD V l l l l l l l – VREFBUF – VREFBUF/1.024 0 0 –0.5 • VREFBUF –0.5 • VREFBUF/1.024 0 VREFBUF VREFBUF/1.024 VREFBUF VREFBUF/1.024 0.5 • VREFBUF 0.5 • VREFBUF/1.024 0.5 • VREFBUF V V V V V V V l 0 VDD V l −VDD VDD V l –1 1 µA (Note 6) (Note 6) SoftSpan 7: ±VREFBUF Range (Note 6) SoftSpan 6: ±VREFBUF/1.024 Range (Note 6) SoftSpan 5: 0V to VREFBUF Range (Note 6) SoftSpan 4: 0V to VREFBUF/1.024 Range (Note 6) SoftSpan 3: ±0.5 • VREFBUF Range (Note 6) SoftSpan 2: ±0.5 • VREFBUF/1.024 Range (Note 6) SoftSpan 1: 0V to 0.5 • VREFBUF Range (Note 6) Input Common Mode Voltage (Note 6) Range VIN+ – VIN– Input Differential Overdrive Tolerance MIN l (Note 7) IIN Analog Input Leakage Current CIN Analog Input Capacitance Sample Mode Hold Mode CMRR Input Common Mode Rejection Ratio VIN+ = VIN− = 3.6VP-P 200Hz Sine VIHCNV l 84 CNV High Level Input Voltage l 1.3 VILCNV CNV Low Level Input Voltage l IINCNV CNV Input Current VIN = 0V to VDD TYP 50 10 pF pF 102 dB V –10 l 0.5 V 10 μA Converter Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 8) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN Resolution No Missing Codes Transition Noise SoftSpans 7 and 6: ±4.096V and ±4V Ranges SoftSpans 5 and 4: 0V to 4.096V and 0V to 4V Ranges SoftSpans 3 and 2: ±2.048V and ±2V Ranges SoftSpan 1: 0V to 2.048V Range INL Integral Linearity Error (Note 9) DNL ZSE l 16 l 16 MAX UNITS Bits Bits 0.63 1.2 1.2 2.3 LSBRMS LSBRMS LSBRMS LSBRMS l –1.25 ±0.50 1.25 LSB Differential Linearity Error (Note 10) l −0.9 ±0.20 0.9 LSB Zero-Scale Error l −750 ±65 750 (Note 11) Zero-Scale Error Drift FSE TYP Full-Scale Error ±2 (Note 11) l Full-Scale Error Drift −0.13 ±0.025 ±2.5 μV μV/°C 0.13 %FS ppm/°C 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 3 LTC2345-16 Dynamic Accuracy The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. AIN = –1dBFS. (Notes 8, 12) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP SoftSpans 7 and 6: ±4.096V and ±4V Ranges, fIN = 2kHz SoftSpans 5 and 4: 0V to 4.096V and 0V to 4V Ranges, fIN = 2kHz SoftSpans 3 and 2: ±2.048V and ±2V Ranges, fIN = 2kHz SoftSpan 1: 0V to 2.048V Range, fIN = 2kHz l l l l SINAD Signal-to-(Noise + Distortion) Ratio SNR 87.2 81.3 81.4 75.7 91.0 85.6 85.8 80.0 dB dB dB dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio SoftSpans 7 and 6: ±4.096V and ±4V Ranges, fIN = 2kHz SoftSpans 5 and 4: 0V to 4.096V and 0V to 4V Ranges, fIN = 2kHz SoftSpans 3 and 2: ±2.048V and ±2V Ranges, fIN = 2kHz SoftSpan 1: 0V to 2.048V Range, fIN = 2kHz l l l l 87.3 81.5 81.6 75.8 91.0 85.6 85.8 80.0 dB dB dB dB THD Total Harmonic Distortion SoftSpans 7 and 6: ±4.096V and ±4V Ranges, fIN = 2kHz SoftSpans 5 and 4: 0V to 4.096V and 0V to 4V Ranges, fIN = 2kHz SoftSpans 3 and 2: ±2.048V and ±2V Ranges, fIN = 2kHz SoftSpan 1: 0V to 2.048V Range, fIN = 2kHz l l l l SFDR Spurious Free Dynamic Range SoftSpans 7 and 6: ±4.096V and ±4V Ranges, fIN = 2kHz SoftSpans 5 and 4: 0V to 4.096V and 0V to 4V Ranges, fIN = 2kHz SoftSpans 3 and 2: ±2.048 and ±2V Ranges, fIN = 2kHz SoftSpan 1: 0V to 2.048V Range, fIN = 2kHz l l l l Channel-to-Channel Crosstalk One Channel Converting 3.6VP-P 200Hz Sine in ±2.048V Range, Crosstalk to All Other Channels –113 –111 –110 –108 99 95 96 96 –3dB Input Bandwidth Aperture Delay Aperture Delay Matching Aperture Jitter Transient Response MAX –99 –95 –96 –95 dB dB dB dB 114 113 112 109 dB dB dB dB −107 dB 31 MHz 1 ns 150 ps 3 Full-Scale Step, 0.005% Settling UNITS psRMS 200 ns Internal Reference Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 8) SYMBOL PARAMETER VREFIN Internal Reference Output Voltage CONDITIONS Internal Reference Temperature Coefficient (Note 13) Internal Reference Line Regulation VDD = 4.75V to 5.25V MIN TYP MAX 2.043 2.048 2.053 5 20 l Internal Reference Output Impedance VREFIN REFIN Voltage Range REFIN Overdriven (Note 6) 1.25 UNITS V ppm/°C 0.1 mV/V 20 kΩ 2.2 V 234516f 4 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Reference Buffer Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 8) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VREFBUF Reference Buffer Output Voltage REFIN Overdriven, VREFIN = 2.048V REFBUF Voltage Range REFBUF Overdriven (Notes 6, 14) REFBUF Input Impedance VREFIN = 0V, Buffer Disabled REFBUF Load Current VREFBUF = 5V, 8 Channels Enabled (Notes 14, 15) VREFBUF = 5V, Acquisition Mode (Note 14) IREFBUF MIN TYP MAX UNITS l 4.091 4.096 4.101 V l 2.5 5 V 13 1.5 0.39 l kΩ 1.9 mA mA Digital Inputs and Digital Outputs The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 8) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS CMOS Digital Inputs and Outputs VIH High Level Input Voltage l 0.8 • OVDD VIL Low Level Input Voltage l IIN Digital Input Current CIN Digital Input Capacitance VOH High Level Output Voltage VIN = 0V to OVDD l IOUT = –500μA l OVDD – 0.2 V –10 0.2 • OVDD V 10 μA 5 pF V VOL Low Level Output Voltage IOUT = 500μA l IOZ Hi-Z Output Leakage Current VOUT = 0V to OVDD l ISOURCE Output Source Current VOUT = 0V –50 mA ISINK Output Sink Current VOUT = OVDD 50 mA –10 0.2 V 10 μA LVDS Digital Inputs and Outputs VID Differential Input Voltage RID On-Chip Input Termination Resistance l 200 350 600 mV l 80 106 10 130 Ω MΩ VICM Common-Mode Input Voltage l 0.3 1.2 2.2 V IICM Common-Mode Input Current VIN+ = VIN– = 0V to OVDD l –10 10 μA VOD VOCM Differential Output Voltage RL = 100Ω Differential Termination l 275 350 425 mV Common-Mode Output Voltage RL = 100Ω Differential Termination l 1.1 1.2 1.3 V IOZ Hi-Z Output Leakage Current VOUT = 0V to OVDD l –10 10 μA CS = 0V, VICM = 1.2V CS = OVDD 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 5 LTC2345-16 Power Requirements The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 8) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS l 4.75 5.00 5.25 V l 1.71 CMOS I/O Mode VDD Supply Voltage OVDD Supply Voltage 5.25 V IVDD Supply Current 200ksps Sample Rate, 8 Channels Enabled 200ksps Sample Rate, 8 Channels Enabled, VREFBUF = 5V (Note 14) Acquisition Mode Power Down Mode (C-Grade and I-Grade) Power Down Mode (H-Grade) l l l l l 15.3 13.7 1.3 65 65 17.6 15.8 2.1 225 500 mA mA mA μA µA IOVDD Supply Current 200ksps Sample Rate, 8 Channels Enabled (CL = 25pF) Acquisition Mode Power Down Mode l l l 1.8 1 1 2.6 20 20 mA μA μA PD Power Dissipation 200ksps Sample Rate, 8 Channels Enabled Acquisition Mode Power Down Mode (C-Grade and I-Grade) Power Down Mode (H-Grade) l l l l 81 6.5 0.33 0.33 95 11 1.2 2.6 mW mW mW mW 5.00 5.25 V 5.25 V LVDS I/O Mode VDD Supply Voltage OVDD Supply Voltage IVDD Supply Current IOVDD PD l 4.75 l 2.375 200ksps Sample Rate, 8 Channels Enabled 200ksps Sample Rate, 8 Channels Enabled, VREFBUF = 5V (Note 14) Acquisition Mode Power Down Mode (C-Grade and I-Grade) Power Down Mode (H-Grade) l l l l l 17.9 16.2 2.8 65 65 20.6 18.6 3.8 225 500 mA mA mA μA µA Supply Current 200ksps Sample Rate, 8 Channels Enabled (RL = 100Ω) Acquisition or (RL = 100Ω) Power Down Mode l l l 7 7 1 8.5 8.0 20 mA mA μA Power Dissipation 200ksps Sample Rate, 8 Channels Enabled Acquisition Mode Power Down Mode (C-Grade and I-Grade) Power Down Mode (H-Grade) l l l l 107 32 0.33 0.33 125 39 1.2 2.6 mW mW mW mW ADC Timing Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 8) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN fSMPL Maximum Sampling Frequency 8 Channels Enabled 7 Channels Enabled 6 Channels Enabled 5 Channels Enabled 4 Channels Enabled 3 Channels Enabled 2 Channels Enabled 1 Channel Enabled l l l l l l l l tCYC Time Between Conversions 8 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 200ksps 7 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 225ksps 6 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 266ksps 5 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 300ksps 4 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 375ksps 3 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 450ksps 2 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 625ksps 1 Channel Enabled, fSMPL = 1000ksps l l l l l l l l 5000 4444 3750 3333 2666 2222 1600 1000 TYP MAX UNITS 200 225 266 300 375 450 625 1000 ksps ksps ksps ksps ksps ksps ksps ksps ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 234516f 6 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 ADC Timing Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 8) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS tCONV Conversion Time N Channels Enabled, 1 ≤ N ≤ 8 l tACQ Acquisition Time (tACQ = tCYC – tCONV – tBUSYLH) 8 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 200ksps 7 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 225ksps 6 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 266ksps 5 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 300ksps 4 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 375ksps 3 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 450ksps 2 Channels Enabled, fSMPL = 625ksps 1 Channel Enabled, fSMPL = 1000ksps l l l l l l l l 565 564 425 563 451 562 495 450 tCNVH CNV High Time l 40 tCNVL CNV Low Time l 420 tBUSYLH CNV↑ to BUSY Delay tQUIET Digital I/O Quiet Time from CNV↑ l 20 ns tPDH PD High Time l 40 ns tPDL PD Low Time l 40 ns tWAKE REFBUF Wake-Up Time CL = 25pF MIN TYP 455 • N – 35 505 • N – 35 MAX 555 • N – 35 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 975 924 735 823 661 722 605 510 ns ns 30 l CREFBUF = 47μF, CREFIN = 0.1μF UNITS 200 ns ms CMOS I/O Mode tSCKI SCKI Period tSCKIH tSCKIL tSSDISCKI SDI Setup Time from SCKI↑ tHSDISCKI tDSDOSCKI (Notes 16, 17) l 10 ns SCKI High Time l 4 ns SCKI Low Time l 4 ns (Note 16) l 2 ns SDI Hold Time from SCKI↑ (Note 16) l 1 SDO Data Valid Delay from SCKI↑ CL = 25pF (Note 16) l tHSDOSCKI SDO Remains Valid Delay from SCKI↑ CL = 25pF (Note 16) l 1.5 tSKEW SDO to SCKO Skew ns 7.5 ns ns (Note 16) l –1 tDSDOBUSYL SDO Data Valid Delay from BUSY↓ CL = 25pF (Note 16) l 0 0 1 ns tEN Bus Enable Time After CS↓ (Note 16) l 15 ns tDIS Bus Relinquish Time After CS↑ (Note 16) l 15 ns ns LVDS I/O Mode tSCKI SCKI Period (Note 18) l 4 ns 1.5 ns 1.5 ns tSCKIH SCKI High Time (Note 18) l tSCKIL SCKI Low Time (Note 18) l tSSDISCKI SDI Setup Time from SCKI (Notes 10, 18) l 1.2 ns tHSDISCKI SDI Hold Time from SCKI (Notes 10, 18) l –0.2 ns tDSDOSCKI SDO Data Valid Delay from SCKI (Notes 10, 18) l tHSDOSCKI SDO Remains Valid Delay from SCKI (Notes 10, 18) l 1 tSKEW SDO to SCKO Skew (Note 10) l –0.4 (Note 10) l 0 tDSDOBUSYL SDO Data Valid Delay from BUSY↓ tEN Bus Enable Time After CS↓ l tDIS Bus Relinquish Time After CS↑ l 6 ns ns 0 0.4 ns ns 50 ns 15 ns 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 7 LTC2345-16 ADC Timing Characteristics Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: All voltage values are with respect to ground. Note 3: VDDLBYP is the output of an internal voltage regulator, and should only be connected to a 2.2μF ceramic capacitor to bypass the pin to GND, as described in the Pin Functions section. Do not connect this pin to any external circuitry. Note 4: When these pin voltages are taken below ground or above VDD or OVDD, they will be clamped by internal diodes. This product can handle currents of up to 100mA below ground or above VDD or OVDD without latch-up. Note 5: VDD = 5V unless otherwise specified. Note 6: Recommended operating conditions. Note 7: Exceeding these limits on any channel may corrupt conversion results on other channels. Refer to Absolute Maximum Ratings section for pin voltage limits related to device reliability. Note 8: VDD = 5V, OVDD = 2.5V, fSMPL = 200ksps, internal reference and buffer, fully differential input signal drive in SoftSpan ranges 7 and 6, bipolar input signal drive in SoftSpan ranges 3 and 2, unipolar input signal drive in SoftSpan ranges 5, 4 and 1, unless otherwise specified. Note 9: Integral nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of a code from a straight line passing through the actual endpoints of the transfer curve. The deviation is measured from the center of the quantization band. Note 10: Guaranteed by design, not subject to test. Note 11: For bipolar SoftSpan ranges 7, 6, 3, and 2, zero-scale error is the offset voltage measured from –0.5LSB when the output code flickers between 0000 0000 0000 0000 and 1111 1111 1111 1111. Full-scale error for these SoftSpan ranges is the worst-case deviation of the first and last code transitions from ideal and includes the effect of offset error. For unipolar SoftSpan ranges 5, 4, and 1, zero-scale error is the offset voltage measured from 0.5LSB when the output code flickers between 0000 0000 0000 0000 and 0000 0000 0000 0001. Full-scale error for these SoftSpan ranges is the worst-case deviation of the last code transition from ideal and includes the effect of offset error. Note 12: All specifications in dB are referred to a full-scale input in the relevant SoftSpan input range, except for crosstalk, which is referred to the crosstalk injection signal amplitude. Note 13: Temperature coefficient is calculated by dividing the maximum change in output voltage by the specified temperature range. Note 14: When REFBUF is overdriven, the internal reference buffer must be disabled by setting REFIN = 0V. Note 15: IREFBUF varies proportionally with sample rate and the number of active channels. Note 16: Parameter tested and guaranteed at OVDD = 1.71V, OVDD = 2.5V, and OVDD = 5.25V. Note 17: A tSCKI period of 10ns minimum allows a shift clock frequency of up to 100MHz for rising edge capture. Note 18: VICM = 1.2V, VID = 350mV for LVDS differential input pairs. CMOS Timings 0.8 • OVDD tWIDTH 0.2 • OVDD tDELAY tDELAY 0.8 • OVDD 0.8 • OVDD 0.2 • OVDD 0.2 • OVDD 50% 50% 234516 F01 LVDS Timings (Differential) +200mV tWIDTH –200mV tDELAY tDELAY +200mV +200mV –200mV –200mV 0V 0V 234516 F01b Figure 1. Voltage Levels for Timing Specifications 234516f 8 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Typical Performance Characteristics TA = 25°C, VDD = 5V, OVDD = 2.5V, Internal Reference and Buffer (VREFBUF = 4.096V), fSMPL = 200ksps, unless otherwise noted. Integral Nonlinearity vs Output Code and Channel 1.00 1.00 ±4.096V RANGE FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) ALL CHANNELS 0.75 0.50 0 –0.25 INL ERROR (LSB) 0.25 0.25 0 –0.25 0 –0.25 –0.50 –0.50 –0.75 –0.75 –0.75 0 16384 OUTPUT CODE –1.00 32768 0 16384 1.00 0 –0.25 ±4.096V AND ±4V RANGES –0.50 0.75 INL ERROR (LSB) 0.25 –0.75 –1.00 –32768 –16384 0 16384 OUTPUT CODE 32768 0 0V TO 4.096V AND 0V TO 4V RANGES 0.25 0 –0.25 –0.50 –0.50 –0.75 –0.75 –1.00 0 16384 32768 49152 OUTPUT CODE 65536 –1.00 –32768 –16384 200000 160000 120000 120000 COUNTS 160000 0 ±4.096V RANGE ±4.096V RANGE FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) SNR = 91.1dB THD = –111dB SINAD = 91.1dB SFDR = 112dB –40 80000 32768 32k Point FFT fSMPL = 200kHz, fIN = 2kHz –20 AMPLITUDE (dBFS) ±4.096V RANGE 0 16384 OUTPUT CODE 234516 G06 DC Histogram (Near Full-Scale) 40000 FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) 234516 G05 DC Histogram (Zero-Scale) 80000 ARBITRARY DRIVE IN+/IN– COMMON MODE SWEPT 0V TO 5V 0.50 0.25 –0.25 32768 ±4.096V RANGE 0.75 0V TO 2.048V RANGE 234516 G04 200000 1.00 UNIPOLAR DRIVE (IN– = 0V) ONE CHANNEL 0.50 ±2.048V AND ±2V RANGES 0 16384 OUTPUT CODE Integral Nonlinearity vs Output Code INL ERROR (LSB) 0.50 –16384 234516 G03 Integral Nonlinearity vs Output Code and Range FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) ONE CHANNEL 0.75 –1.00 –32768 65536 234516 G02 Integral Nonlinearity vs Output Code and Range 1.00 32768 49152 OUTPUT CODE ±2.048V AND ±2V RANGES 0.25 –0.50 –16384 BIPOLAR DRIVE (IN– = 2.5V) ONE CHANNEL 0.75 0.50 234516 G01 INL ERROR (LSB) 1.00 0.50 –1.00 –32768 COUNTS Integral Nonlinearity vs Output Code and Range ALL RANGES ALL CHANNELS 0.75 DNL ERROR (LSB) INL ERROR (LSB) Differential Nonlinearity vs Output Code and Channel –60 –80 –100 –120 –140 40000 –160 0 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 CODE 2 3 4 234516 G07 0 32753 32755 32757 CODE 32759 32761 234516 G08 –180 0 20 40 60 FREQUENCY (KHz) 80 100 234516 G09 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 9 LTC2345-16 Typical Performance Characteristics TA = 25°C, VDD = 5V, OVDD = 2.5V, Internal Reference and Buffer (VREFBUF = 4.096V), fSMPL = 200ksps, unless otherwise noted. 0 –20 –60 –80 –100 –120 –60 –80 –120 –140 –160 –160 0 20 40 60 FREQUENCY (kHz) 80 –180 100 0 20 40 60 FREQUENCY (kHz) 80 3RD –130 –135 –140 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 REFBUF VOLTAGE (V) 5 90 SINAD 86 –90 –100 THD –110 2ND 82 –120 78 100 –130 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k THD –115 –120 3RD 150 ±4.096V RANGE FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) 130 SNR 91.6 SINAD 91.4 1 2 3 4 INPUT COMMON MODE (V) 5 234516 G16 120 110 100 90 2ND 0 100k ±4.096V RANGE IN+ = IN– = 3.6Vpp SINE ALL CHANNELS 140 91.2 –125 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) CMRR vs Input Frequency and Channel SNR, SINAD vs Input Level, fIN = 2kHz CMRR (dB) –110 3RD 234516 G15 91.8 SNR, SINAD (dBFS) THD, HARMONICS (dBFS) –80 SNR 92.0 ±4.096V RANGE 1VPP FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE 5 ±4.096V RANGE FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) 234516 G14 THD, Harmonics vs Input Common Mode, fIN = 2kHz –105 –130 –70 94 234516 G13 –100 3.5 4 4.5 REFBUF VOLTAGE (V) THD, Harmonics vs Input Frequency THD, HARMONICS (dBFS) 2ND 3 234516 G12 ±4.096V RANGE FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) 98 SNR, SINAD (dBFS) THD, HARMONICS (dBFS) 102 –115 –125 86 2.5 100 THD –120 90 SNR, SINAD vs Input Frequency ±VREFBUF RANGE FULLY DIFFERENIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) –110 SINAD 234516 G11 THD, Harmonics vs VREFBUF, fIN = 2kHz –105 SNR 92 88 234516 G10 –100 ±VREFBUF RANGE FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) 94 –100 –140 –180 SNR = 85.8dB THD = –111dB SINAD = 85.8dB SFDR = 112dB –40 SNR, SINAD vs VREFBUF, fIN = 2kHz 96 0V TO 4.096V RANGE UNIPOLAR DRIVE (IN– = 0V) –20 AMPLITUDE (dBFS) –40 AMPLITUDE (dBFS) 0 ±4.096V RANGE ARBITRARY DRIVE SFDR = 120dB SNR = 91.3dB 32k Point FFT fSMPL = 200kHz, fIN = 2kHz SNR, SINAD (dBFS) 32k Point Arbitrary Two-Tone FFT fSMPL = 200kHz, IN+ = –7dBFS 2kHz Sine, IN– = –7dBFS 3.1kHz Sine 91.0 –40 –30 –20 –10 INPUT LEVEL (dBFS) 0 234516 G17 80 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k 1M 234516 G18 234516f 10 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Typical Performance Characteristics TA = 25°C, VDD = 5V, OVDD = 2.5V, Internal Reference and Buffer (VREFBUF = 4.096V), fSMPL = 200ksps, unless otherwise noted. Crosstalk vs Input Frequency and Channel –80 IN0+ = –IN0– = 3.6V –90 92.5 CH1 –105 –110 –115 –120 SNR SINAD 90.5 90.0 –125 CH7 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k 89.0 –55 –35 –15 1M INL, DNL vs Temperature 0.0 MAX DNL MIN DNL –0.1 –0.2 MIN INL –0.3 –0.5 –55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0.050 0.025 0.000 –0.025 –0.050 –0.100 –55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 –1 –2 –3 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 –4 IVDD 16 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) ZERO–SCALE ERROR (LSB) 0.025 0.000 –0.025 –0.050 –0.100 –55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 234516 G24 Power-Down Current vs Temperature 1000 18 3 –5 –55 –35 –15 0.050 20 ±4.096V RANGE ALL CHANNELS 1 ±4.096V RANGE ALL CHANNELS 0.075 Supply Current vs Temperature 2 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 234516 G23 Zero-Scale Error vs Temperature and Channel 4 3RD –0.075 234516 G22 5 2ND –125 0.100 ±4.096V RANGE ALL CHANNELS –0.075 –0.4 –120 Negative Full-Scale Error vs Temperature and Channel Positive Full-Scale Error vs Temperature and Channel 0.075 FULL–SCALE ERROR (%) INL, DNL ERROR (LSB) MAX INL 0.2 0.1 0.100 ±4.096V RANGE FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) 0.3 THD 234516 G21 FULL-SCALE ERROR (%) 0.4 –115 234516 G20 234516 G19 0.5 ±4.096V RANGE FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) –135 –55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) IOVDD POWER-DOWN CURRENT (µA) 10 THD, Harmonics vs Temperature, fIN = 2kHz –130 89.5 –130 –135 91.5 91.0 –110 THD, HARMONICS (dBFS) SNR, SINAD (dBFS) –100 –105 ±4.096V RANGE FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) 92.0 –95 CROSSTALK (dB) 93.0 ±4.096V RANGE PP SINE ALL CHANNELS CONVERTING –85 SNR, SINAD vs Temperature, fIN = 2kHz 100 IVDD 10 1 0.1 IOVDD –2 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 234516 G25 –4 –55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 234516 G26 0.01 –55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 234516 G27 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 11 LTC2345-16 Typical Performance Characteristics TA = 25°C, VDD = 5V, OVDD = 2.5V, Internal Reference and Buffer (VREFBUF = 4.096V), fSMPL = 200ksps, unless otherwise noted. Offset Error vs Input Common Mode and Channel 2.052 INTERNAL REFERENCE OUTPUT (V) ±4.096V RANGE ALL CHANNELS 0.8 OFFSET ERROR (LSB) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 –0.2 –0.4 –0.6 –0.8 –1.0 0 1 2 3 4 INPUT COMMON MODE (V) 15 UNITS 120 2.049 2.048 2.047 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 14 70 POWER DISSIPATION (mW) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 80 IVDD 10 8 6 4 N=8 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k 1M 234516 G30 N=4 N=2 N=1 50 40 30 20 40 80 120 160 SAMPLING FREQUENCY (kHz) 0 200 0 200 400 600 800 SAMPLING FREQUENCY (kHz) 1000 234516 G32 Step Response (Large-Signal Settling) Step Response (Fine Settling) 100 24576 16384 ±2.048V RANGE IN+ = 200.0061kHz SQUARE WAVE IN– = 2.048V DRIVEN BY 50Ω SOURCE –16384 –24576 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 SETTLING TIME (ns) DEVIATION FROM FINAL VALUE (LSB) 32768 OUTPUT CODE (LSB) 100 60 234516 G31 –32768 –50 0 10 10 IOVDD –8192 50 Power Dissipation vs Sampling Rate, N Channels Enabled 16 0 VDD 60 90 8192 90 70 2.045 18 0 100 80 2.046 Supply Current vs Sampling Rate 0 110 234516 G29 2 IN+ = IN– = 0V 130 2.050 234516 G28 12 OVDD 140 2.051 2.044 –55 –35 –15 5 PSRR vs Frequency 150 PSRR (dB) 1.0 Internal Reference Output vs Temperature 80 60 40 20 0 –20 ±2.048V RANGE IN+ = 200.0061kHz SQUARE WAVE IN– = 2.048V DRIVEN BY 50Ω SOURCE –40 –60 –80 –100 –50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 SETTLING TIME (ns) 234516 G33 234516 G34 234516f 12 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Pin Functions Pins that are the Same for All Digital I/O Modes IN0+ to IN7+, IN0− to IN7− (Pins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 47, and 48): Positive and Negative Analog Inputs, Channels 0 to 7. The converter simultaneously samples and digitizes (VIN+ – VIN–) for all channels. Wide input common mode range (0V ≤ VCM ≤ VDD) and high common mode rejection allow the inputs to accept a wide variety of signal swings. Full-scale input range is determined by the channel’s SoftSpan configuration. GND (Pins 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 30, 41, 44, 45, 46, 49): Ground. Solder all GND pins to a solid ground plane. REFIN (Pin 19): Bandgap Reference Output/Reference Buffer Input. An internal bandgap reference nominally outputs 2.048V on this pin. An internal reference buffer amplifies VREFIN to create the converter master reference voltage VREFBUF = 2 • VREFIN on the REFBUF pin. When using the internal reference, bypass REFIN to GND (Pin 20) close to the pin with a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor to filter the bandgap output noise. If more accuracy is desired, overdrive REFIN with an external reference in the range of 1.25V to 2.2V. REFBUF (Pin 21): Internal Reference Buffer Output. An internal reference buffer amplifies VREFIN to create the converter master reference voltage VREFBUF = 2 • VREFIN on this pin, nominally 4.096V when using the internal bandgap reference. Bypass REFBUF to GND (Pin 20) close to the pin with a 47μF ceramic capacitor. The internal reference buffer may be disabled by grounding its input at REFIN. With the buffer disabled, overdrive REFBUF with an external reference voltage in the range of 2.5V to 5V. When using the internal reference buffer, limit the loading of any external circuitry connected to REFBUF to less than 10µA. Using a high input impedance amplifier to buffer VREFBUF to any external circuits is recommended. PD (Pin 22): Power Down Input. When this pin is brought high, the LTC2345-16 is powered down and subsequent conversion requests are ignored. If this occurs during a conversion, the device powers down once the conversion completes. If this pin is brought high twice without an intervening conversion, an internal global reset is initiated, equivalent to a power-on-reset event. Logic levels are determined by OVDD. LVDS/CMOS (Pin 23): I/O Mode Select. Tie this pin to OVDD to select LVDS I/O mode, or to ground to select CMOS I/O mode. Logic levels are determined by OVDD. CNV (Pin 24): Conversion Start Input. A rising edge on this pin puts the internal sample-and-holds into the hold mode and initiates a new conversion. CNV is not gated by CS, allowing conversions to be initiated independent of the state of the serial I/O bus. BUSY (Pin 38): Busy Output. The BUSY signal indicates that a conversion is in progress. This pin transitions lowto-high at the start of each conversion and stays high until the conversion is complete. Logic levels are determined by OVDD. VDDLBYP (Pin 40): Internal 2.5V Regulator Bypass Pin. The voltage on this pin is generated via an internal regulator operating off of VDD. This pin must be bypassed to GND close to the pin with a 2.2μF ceramic capacitor. Do not connect this pin to any external circuitry. VDD (Pins 42, 43): 5V Power Supply. The range of VDD is 4.75V to 5.25V. Connect Pins 42 and 43 together and bypass the VDD network to GND with a shared 0.1μF ceramic capacitor close to the pins. 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 13 LTC2345-16 Pin Functions CMOS I/O Mode LVDS I/O Mode SDO0 to SDO7 (Pins 25, 26, 27, 28, 33, 34, 35, and 36): CMOS Serial Data Outputs, Channels 0 to 7. The most recent conversion result along with channel configuration information is clocked out onto the SDO pins on each rising edge of SCKI. Output data formatting is described in the Digital Interface section. Leave unused SDO outputs unconnected. Logic levels are determined by OVDD. SDO0, SDO7, SDI (Pins 25, 36 and 37): CMOS Serial Data I/O. In LVDS I/O mode, these pins are Hi-Z. SCKI (Pin 29): CMOS Serial Clock Input. Drive SCKI with the serial I/O clock. SCKI rising edges latch serial data in on SDI and clock serial data out on SDO0 to SDO7. For standard SPI bus operation, capture output data at the receiver on rising edges of SCKI. SCKI is allowed to idle either high or low. Logic levels are determined by OVDD. OVDD (Pin 31): I/O Interface Power Supply. In CMOS I/O mode, the range of OVDD is 1.71V to 5.25V. Bypass OVDD to GND (Pin 30) close to the pin with a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor. SCKO (Pin 32): CMOS Serial Clock Output. SCKI rising edges trigger transitions on SCKO that are skew-matched to the serial output data streams on SDO0 to SDO7. The resulting SCKO frequency is half that of SCKI. Rising and falling edges of SCKO may be used to capture SDO data at the receiver (FPGA) in double data rate (DDR) fashion. For standard SPI bus operation, SCKO is not used and should be left unconnected. SCKO is forced low at the falling edge of BUSY. Logic levels are determined by OVDD. SDI (Pin 37): CMOS Serial Data Input. Drive this pin with the desired 24-bit SoftSpan configuration word (see Table 1a), latched on the rising edges of SCKI. If all channels will be configured to operate only in SoftSpan 7, tie SDI to OVDD. Logic levels are determined by OVDD. CS (Pin 39): Chip Select Input. The serial data I/O bus is enabled when CS is low and is disabled and Hi-Z when CS is high. CS also gates the external shift clock, SCKI. Logic levels are determined by OVDD. SDI+, SDI– (Pins 26 and 27): LVDS Positive and Negative Serial Data Input. Differentially drive SDI+/SDI– with the desired 24-bit SoftSpan configuration word (see Table 1a), latched on both the rising and falling edges of SCKI+/ SCKI–. The SDI+/SDI– input pair is internally terminated with a 100Ω differential resistor when CS = 0. SCKI+, SCKI– (Pins 28 and 29): LVDS Positive and Negative Serial Clock Input. Differentially drive SCKI+/SCKI– with the serial I/O clock. SCKI+/SCKI– rising and falling edges latch serial data in on SDI+/SDI– and clock serial data out on SDO+/SDO–. Idle SCKI+/SCKI– low, including when transitioning CS. The SCKI+/SCKI– input pair is internally terminated with a 100Ω differential resistor when CS = 0. OVDD (Pin 31): I/O Interface Power Supply. In LVDS I/O mode, the range of OVDD is 2.375V to 5.25V. Bypass OVDD to GND (Pin 30) close to the pin with a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor. SCKO+, SCKO– (Pins 32 and 33): LVDS Positive and Negative Serial Clock Output. SCKO+/SCKO– outputs a copy of the input serial I/O clock received on SCKI+/SCKI–, skew-matched with the serial output data stream on SDO+/ SDO–. Use the rising and falling edges of SCKO+/SCKO– to capture SDO+/SDO– data at the receiver (FPGA). The SCKO+/SCKO– output pair must be differentially terminated with a 100Ω resistor at the receiver (FPGA). SDO+, SDO– (Pins 34 and 35): LVDS Positive and Negative Serial Data Output. The most recent conversion result along with channel configuration information is clocked out onto SDO+/SDO– on both rising and falling edges of SCKI+/SCKI–, beginning with channel 0. The SDO+/SDO– output pair must be differentially terminated with a 100Ω resistor at the receiver (FPGA). CS (Pin 39): Chip Select Input. The serial data I/O bus is enabled when CS is low, and is disabled and Hi-Z when CS is high. CS also gates the external shift clock, SCKI+/ SCKI–. The internal 100Ω differential termination resistors on the SCKI+/SCKI– and SDI+/SDI– input pairs are disabled when CS is high. Logic levels are determined by OVDD. 234516f 14 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Configuration Tables Table 1a. SoftSpan Configuration Table. Use This Table with Table 1b to Choose Independent Binary SoftSpan Codes SS[2:0] for Each Channel Based on Desired Analog Input Range. Combine SoftSpan Codes to Form 24-Bit SoftSpan Configuration Word S[23:0]. Use Serial Interface to Write SoftSpan Configuration Word to LTC2345-16, as shown in Figure 19 BINARY SoftSpan CODE SS[2:0] ANALOG INPUT RANGE FULL SCALE RANGE BINARY FORMAT OF CONVERSION RESULT 111 110 101 100 011 010 001 000 ±VREFBUF ±VREFBUF/1.024 0V to VREFBUF 0V to VREFBUF/1.024 ±0.5 • VREFBUF ±0.5 • VREFBUF/1.024 0V to 0.5 • VREFBUF Channel Disabled 2 • VREFBUF 2 • VREFBUF/1.024 VREFBUF VREFBUF/1.024 VREFBUF VREFBUF/1.024 0.5 • VREFBUF Channel Disabled Two’s Complement Two’s Complement Straight Binary Straight Binary Two’s Complement Two’s Complement Straight Binary All Zeros Table 1b. Reference Configuration Table. The LTC2345-16 Supports Three Reference Configurations. Analog Input Range Scales with the Converter Master Reference Voltage, VREFBUF REFERENCE CONFIGURATION Internal Reference with Internal Buffer VREFIN VREFBUF 2.048V BINARY SoftSpan CODE SS[2:0] ANALOG INPUT RANGE 111 ±4.096V 110 ±4V 101 0V to 4.096V 100 0V to 4V 011 ±2.048V 4.096V 1.25V (Min Value) 2.5V External Reference with Internal Buffer (REFIN Pin Externally Overdriven) 2.2V (Max Value) 4.4V 010 ±2V 001 0V to 2.048V 111 ±2.5V 110 ±2.441V 101 0V to 2.5V 100 0V to 2.441V 011 ±1.25V 010 ±1.221V 001 0V to 1.25V 111 ±4.4V 110 ±4.297V 101 0V to 4.4V 100 0V to 4.297V 011 ±2.2V 010 ±2.148V 001 0V to 2.2V 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 15 LTC2345-16 Configuration Tables Table 1b. Reference Configuration Table (Continued). The LTC2345-16 Supports Three Reference Configurations. Analog Input Range Scales with the Converter Master Reference Voltage, VREFBUF REFERENCE CONFIGURATION VREFIN 0V VREFBUF BINARY SoftSpan CODE SS[2:0] 2.5V (Min Value) External Reference Unbuffered (REFBUF Pin Externally Overdriven, REFIN Pin Grounded) 0V 5V (Max Value) ANALOG INPUT RANGE 111 ±2.5V 110 ±2.441V 101 0V to 2.5V 100 0V to 2.441V 011 ±1.25V 010 ±1.221V 001 0V to 1.25V 111 ±5V 110 ±4.883V 101 0V to 5V 100 0V to 4.883V 011 ±2.5V 010 ±2.441V 001 0V to 2.5V 234516f 16 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Functional Block Diagram CMOS I/O Mode VDD VDDLBYP IN0+ IN0– S/H 2.5V REGULATOR + IN1 SDO0 S/H • • • IN1– OVDD LTC2345-16 IN2+ S/H IN3+ IN3– S/H IN4+ IN4– S/H IN5+ IN5– S/H 16-BIT SAR ADC 8-CHANNEL MULTIPLEXER IN2– IN7– S/H SDO7 SCKO SDI CS S/H IN7+ CMOS SERIAL I/O INTERFACE SCKI IN6+ IN6– 16 BITS 2.048V REFERENCE GND 20k REFERENCE BUFFER 2× REFIN REFBUF CONTROL LOGIC BUSY CNV PD LVDS/CMOS 234516 BD01 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 17 LTC2345-16 Functional Block Diagram LVDS I/O Mode VDD VDDLBYP IN0 IN0– S/H SDO+ 2.5V REGULATOR + IN1 IN1– OVDD LTC2345-16 + SDO– S/H SCKO+ IN2+ S/H IN3+ IN3– S/H IN4+ IN4– S/H IN5+ IN5– S/H 16-BIT SAR ADC 8-CHANNEL MULTIPLEXER IN2– IN7– S/H SDI+ SDI– SCKI– CS S/H IN7+ SCKO– SCKI+ IN6+ IN6– 16 BITS LVDS SERIAL I/O INTERFACE 2.048V REFERENCE GND 20k REFERENCE BUFFER 2× REFIN REFBUF CONTROL LOGIC BUSY CNV PD LVDS/CMOS 234516 BD02 234516f 18 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Timing Diagram CMOS I/O Mode CS = PD = 0 SAMPLE N SAMPLE N + 1 CNV BUSY CONVERT ACQUIRE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 SCKI SDI DON’T CARE S23 S22 S21 S20 S19 S18 S17 S16 S15 S14 S13 S12 S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 SoftSpan CONFIGURATION WORD FOR CONVERSION N + 1 SCKO DON’T CARE SDO0 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 • • • CONVERSION RESULT C2 C1 C0 SS2 SS1 SS0 D15 CHANNEL ID SoftSpan CONVERSION RESULT CHANNEL 0 CONVERSION N SDO7 DON’T CARE CHANNEL 1 CONVERSION N D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 CONVERSION RESULT C2 C1 C0 SS2 SS1 SS0 D15 CHANNEL ID SoftSpan CONVERSION RESULT CHANNEL 7 CONVERSION N CHANNEL 0 CONVERSION N 234516 TD01 LVDS I/O Mode CS = PD = 0 SAMPLE N+1 SAMPLE N CNV (CMOS) BUSY (CMOS) CONVERT SCKI (LVDS) SDI DON’T CARE (LVDS) ACQUIRE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 S23 S22 S21 S20 S19 S18 S17 S16 S15 S14 S13 S12 S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 SoftSpan CONFIGURATION WORD FOR CONVERSION N + 1 SCKO (LVDS) SDO (LVDS) DON’T CARE D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 CONVERSION RESULT 0 C2 C1 C0 SS2 SS1 SS0 D15 D14 D13 0 CHANNEL ID SoftSpan CHANNEL 0 CONVERSION N CHANNEL 1 CONVERSION N C2 C1 C0 SS2 SS1 SS0 D15 CHANNEL ID SoftSpan CHANNEL 7 CONVERSION N CONVERSION RESULT CHANNEL 0 CONVERSION N 234516 TD02 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 19 LTC2345-16 Applications Information Overview The LTC2345-16 is a 16-bit, low noise 8-channel simultaneous sampling successive approximation register (SAR) ADC with differential, wide common mode range inputs. Using the integrated low-drift reference and buffer (VREFBUF = 4.096V nominal), each channel of this SoftSpan ADC can be independently configured on a conversionby-conversion basis to accept ±4.096V, 0V to 4.096V, ±2.048V, or 0V to 2.048V signals. The input signal range may be expanded up to ±5V using an external 5V reference. Individual channels may also be disabled to increase throughput on the remaining channels. The wide input common mode range and high CMRR (102dB typical, VIN+ = VIN– = 3.6VP-P 200Hz Sine) of the LTC2345-16 analog inputs allow the ADC to directly digitize a variety of signals, simplifying signal chain design. This input signal flexibility, combined with ±1.25LSB INL, no missing codes at 16-bits, and 91dB SNR, makes the LTC2345-16 an ideal choice for many applications requiring wide dynamic range. The LTC2345-16 supports pin-selectable SPI CMOS (1.8V to 5V) and LVDS serial interfaces, enabling it to communicate equally well with legacy microcontrollers and modern FPGAs. In CMOS mode, applications may employ between one and eight lanes of serial output data, allowing the user to optimize bus width and data throughput. The LTC2345-16 typically dissipates 81mW when converting eight analog input channels simultaneously at 200ksps per channel throughput. An optional power-down mode may be employed to further reduce power consumption during inactive periods. Converter Operation The LTC2345-16 operates in two phases. During the acquisition phase, the sampling capacitors in each channel’s sample-and-hold (S/H) circuit connect to their respective analog input pins and track the differential analog input voltage (VIN+ – VIN–). A rising edge on the CNV pin transi- tions all channels’ S/H circuits from track mode to hold mode, simultaneously sampling the input signals on all channels and initiating a conversion. During the conversion phase, each channel’s sampling capacitors are connected, one channel at a time, to a 16-bit charge redistribution capacitor D/A converter (CDAC). The CDAC is sequenced through a successive approximation algorithm, effectively comparing the sampled input voltage with binary-weighted fractions of the channel’s SoftSpan full-scale range (e.g., VFSR/2, VFSR/4 … VFSR/65536) using a differential comparator. At the end of this process, the CDAC output approximates the channel’s sampled analog input. Once all channels have been converted in this manner, the ADC control logic prepares the 16-bit digital output codes from each channel for serial transfer. Transfer Function The LTC2345-16 digitizes each channel’s full-scale voltage range into 216 levels. In conjunction with the ADC master reference voltage, VREFBUF, a channel’s SoftSpan configuration determines its input voltage range, full-scale range, LSB size, and the binary format of its conversion result, as shown in Tables 1a and 1b. For example, employing the internal reference and buffer (VREFBUF = 4.096V nominal), SoftSpan 7 configures a channel to accept a ±4.096V bipolar analog input voltage range, which corresponds to a 8.192V full-scale range with a 125μV LSB. Other SoftSpan configurations and reference voltages may be employed to convert both larger and smaller bipolar and unipolar input ranges. Conversion results are output in two’s complement binary format for all bipolar SoftSpan ranges, and in straight binary format for all unipolar SoftSpan ranges. The ideal two’s complement transfer function is shown in Figure 2, while the ideal straight binary transfer function is shown in Figure 3. 234516f 20 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 OUTPUT CODE (TWO’S COMPLEMENT) Applications Information 011...111 BIPOLAR ZERO 011...110 000...001 000...000 111...111 111...110 100...001 FSR = +FS – –FS 1LSB = FSR/65536 100...000 –FSR/2 –1 0V 1 FSR/2 – 1LSB LSB LSB INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 234516 F02 OUTPUT CODE (STRAIGHT BINARY) Figure 2. LTC2345-16 Two’s Complement Transfer Function 111...111 111...110 100...001 100...000 011...111 UNIPOLAR ZERO 011...110 000...001 FSR = +FS 1LSB = FSR/65536 000...000 0V high CMRR allows the IN+/IN– analog inputs to swing with an arbitrary relationship to each other, provided each pin remains between ground and VDD. This unique feature of the LTC2345-16 enables it to accept a wide variety of signal swings, including traditional classes of analog input signals such as pseudo-differential unipolar, pseudo-differential bipolar, and fully differential, simplifying signal chain design. In all SoftSpan ranges, each channel’s analog inputs can be modeled by the equivalent circuit shown in Figure 4. At the start of acquisition, the 40pF sampling capacitors (CIN) connect to the analog input pins IN+/IN– through the sampling switches, each of which has approximately 130Ω (RIN) of on-resistance. The initial voltage on both sampling capacitors at the start of acquisition is approximately equal to the sampled common-mode voltage (VIN+ + VIN–)/2 from the prior conversion. The external circuitry connected to IN+ and IN– must source or sink the charge that flows through RIN as the sampling capacitors settle from their initial voltages to the new input pin voltages over the course of the acquisition interval. During conversion and power down modes, the analog inputs draw only a small leakage current. The diodes at the inputs provide ESD protection. FSR – 1LSB INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 235816 F03 VDD Figure 3. LTC2345-16 Straight Binary Transfer Function RIN 130Ω IN+ CIN 40pF Analog Inputs Each channel of the LTC2345-16 simultaneously samples the voltage difference (VIN+ – VIN–) between its analog input pins over a wide common mode input range while attenuating unwanted signals common to both input pins by the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of the ADC. Wide common mode input range coupled with VDD IN– RIN 130Ω CIN 40pF BIAS VOLTAGE 234516 F04 Figure 4. Equivalent Circuit for Differential Analog Inputs, Single Channel Shown 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 21 LTC2345-16 Applications Information Bipolar SoftSpan Input Ranges For channels configured in SoftSpan ranges 7, 6, 3, or 2, the LTC2345-16 digitizes the differential analog input voltage (VIN+ – VIN–) over a bipolar span of ±VREFBUF, ±VREFBUF/1.024, ±0.5 • VREFBUF, or ±0.5 • VREFBUF/1.024, respectively, as shown in Table 1a. These SoftSpan ranges are useful for digitizing input signals where IN+ and IN– swing above and below each other. Traditional examples include fully differential input signals, where IN+ and IN– are driven 180 degrees out-of-phase with respect to each other centered around a common mode voltage (VIN+ + VIN–)/2, and pseudo-differential bipolar input signals, where IN+ swings above and below a reference level, driven on IN–. Regardless of the chosen SoftSpan range, the wide common mode input range and high CMRR of the IN+/IN– analog inputs allow them to swing with an arbitrary relationship to each other, provided each pin remains between ground and VDD. The output data format for all bipolar SoftSpan ranges is two’s complement. The LTC2345-16 sampling network RC time constant of 5.2ns implies a 16-bit settling time to a full-scale step of approximately 11 • (RIN • CIN) = 57ns. The impedance and self-settling of external circuitry connected to the analog input pins will increase the overall settling time required. Low impedance sources can directly drive the inputs of the LTC2345-16 without gain error, but high impedance sources should be buffered to ensure sufficient settling during acquisition and to optimize the linearity and distortion performance of the ADC. Settling time is an important consideration even for DC input signals, as the voltages on the sampling capacitors will differ from the analog input pin voltages at the start of acquisition. Most applications should use a buffer amplifier to drive the analog inputs of the LTC2345-16. The amplifier provides low output impedance, enabling fast settling of the analog signal during the acquisition phase. It also provides isolation between the signal source and the charge flow at the analog inputs when entering acquisition. Unipolar SoftSpan Input Ranges Input Filtering For channels configured in SoftSpan ranges 5, 4, or 1, the LTC2345-16 digitizes the differential analog input voltage (VIN+ – VIN–) over a unipolar span of 0V to VREFBUF, 0V to VREFBUF/1.024, or 0V to 0.5 • VREFBUF, respectively, as shown in Table 1a. These SoftSpan ranges are useful for digitizing input signals where IN+ remains above IN–. A traditional example includes pseudo-differential unipolar input signals, where IN+ swings above a ground reference level, driven on IN–. Regardless of the chosen SoftSpan range, the wide common mode range and high CMRR of the IN+/IN– analog inputs allow them to swing with an arbitrary relationship to each other, provided each pin remains between ground and VDD. The output data format for all unipolar SoftSpan ranges is straight binary. The noise and distortion of an input buffer amplifier and other supporting circuitry must be considered since they add to the ADC noise and distortion. Noisy input signals should be filtered prior to the buffer amplifier with a lowbandwidth filter to minimize noise. The simple one-pole RC lowpass filter shown in Figure 5 is sufficient for many applications. Input Drive Circuits The initial voltage on each channel’s sampling capacitors at the start of acquisition must settle to the new input pin voltages during the acquisition interval. The external circuitry connected to IN+ and IN– must source or sink the charge that flows through RIN as this settling occurs. At the output of the buffer, a lowpass RC filter network formed by the 130Ω sampling switch on-resistance (RIN) and the 40pF sampling capacitance (CIN) limits the input bandwidth on each channel to 31MHz, which is fast enough to allow for sufficient transient settling during acquisition while simultaneously filtering driver wideband noise. A buffer amplifier with low noise density should be selected to minimize SNR degradation over this bandwidth. An additional filter network may be placed between the buffer output and ADC input to further minimize the noise contribution of the buffer and reduce disturbances to the buffer from ADC acquisition transients. A simple one-pole lowpass RC filter is sufficient for many applications. It is important that the RC time constant of this filter be small 234516f 22 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Applications Information LOWPASS SIGNAL FILTER UNIPOLAR INPUT SIGNAL 5V 160Ω + BUFFER AMPLIFIER – 10nF IN0+ IN0– LTC2345-16 0V BW = 100kHz ONLY CHANNEL 0 SHOWN FOR CLARITY 234516 F05 Figure 5. Unipolar Signal Chain with Input Filtering enough to allow the analog inputs to completely settle to 16-bit resolution within the ADC acquisition time (tACQ), as insufficient settling can limit INL and THD performance. Also note that the minimum acquisition time varies with sampling frequency (fSMPL) and the number of enabled channels. High quality capacitors and resistors should be used in the RC filters since these components can add distortion. NPO/COG and silver mica type dielectric capacitors have excellent linearity. Carbon surface mount resistors can generate distortion from self-heating and from damage that may occur during soldering. Metal film surface mount resistors are much less susceptible to both problems. Buffering Arbitrary and Fully Differential Analog Input Signals The wide common mode input range and high CMRR of the LTC2345-16 allow each channel’s IN+ and IN– pins to swing with an arbitrary relationship to each other, provided each pin remains between ground and VDD. This unique feature of the LTC2345-16 enables it to accept a wide variety of signal swings, simplifying signal chain design. In many applications, connecting a channel’s IN+ and IN– pins directly to the existing signal chain circuitry will not allow the channel’s sampling network to settle to 16-bit resolution within the ADC acquisition time (tACQ). In these cases, it is recommended that two unity-gain buffers be inserted between the signal source and the ADC input pins, as shown in Figure 6a. Table 2 lists several amplifier and lowpass filter combinations recommended for use in this circuit. The LT6237 combines fast settling, high linearity, and low offset with 1.1nV/√Hz input-referred noise density, enabling it to achieve the full ADC data sheet SNR and THD specifications, as shown in the FFT plots in Figures 6b to 6e. In applications where slightly degraded SNR performance is acceptable, it is possible to drive the LTC2345-16 using the lower-power LT6234. The LT6234 combines fast settling, good linearity, and low offset with 1.9nV/√Hz input-referred noise density, enabling it to drive the LTC2345-16 with only 0.3dB SNR loss compared with the LT6237 when a 40.2Ω, 1nF filter is employed. As shown in Table 2, the LT6237 may be used without a lowpass filter at a loss of ≤1dB SNR due to increased wideband noise. Table 2. Recommended Amplifier and Filter Combinations for the Buffer Circuits in Figures 6a and 9. AC Performance Measured Using Circuit in Figure 6a, ±4.096V Range for Fully Differential Input Drive, ±2.048V Range for Bipolar Input Drive AMPLIFIER RFILT (Ω) CFILT (nF) INPUT SIGNAL DRIVE SNR (dB) THD (dB) SINAD (dB) SFDR (dB) ½ LT6237 40.2 1 FULLY DIFFERENTIAL 91.0 −114 91.0 115 ½ LT6234 40.2 1 FULLY DIFFERENTIAL 90.7 −114 90.7 115 ½ LT6237 40.2 1 BIPOLAR 85.8 −110 85.8 112 ½ LT6234 40.2 1 BIPOLAR 85.5 −110 85.5 112 ½ LT6237 0 0 BIPOLAR 85.4 −110 85.4 112 ½ LT6234 0 0 BIPOLAR 82.1 −108 82.1 110 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 23 LTC2345-16 Applications Information 5V ARBITRARY FULLY DIFFERENTIAL 5V – 6V AMPLIFIER 0V 5V IN+ 0V BIPOLAR 5V UNIPOLAR IN– CFILT IN0+ IN0– LTC2345-16 + CFILT – 0V RFILT + AMPLIFIER 0V OPTIONAL LOWPASS FILTERS REFBUF RFILT REFIN 0.1µF 47µF –2V DIFFERENTIAL INPUTS IN+/IN– WITH WIDE INPUT COMMON MODE RANGE ONLY CHANNEL 0 SHOWN FOR CLARITY 234516 F06a Figure 6a. Buffering Arbitrary, Fully Differential, Bipolar, and Unipolar Signals. See Table 2 For Recommended Amplifier and Filter Combinations Arbitrary Drive 0 ±4.096V RANGE ARBITRARY DRIVE SFDR = 120dB SNR = 91.3dB –40 –60 –80 –100 –120 –60 –80 –100 –120 –140 –160 –160 0 20 40 60 FREQUENCY (kHz) 80 SNR = 91.3dB THD = –113dB SINAD = 91.2dB SFDR = 115dB –40 –140 –180 ±4.096V RANGE FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) –20 AMPLITUDE (dBFS) –20 AMPLITUDE (dBFS) Fully Differential Drive 0 –180 100 0 20 234516 F06b Figure 6b. Two-Tone Test. IN+ = –7dBFS 2kHz Sine, IN – = –7dBFS 3.1kHz Sine, Common Mode = 2.5V, 32k Point FFT, fSMPL = 200ksps. Circuit Shown in Figure 6a with LT6237 Amplifiers, RFILT = 40.2Ω, CFILT = 1nF 0 –60 –80 –100 –120 –60 –80 –100 –120 –140 –160 –160 0 20 40 60 FREQUENCY (kHz) 80 100 SNR = 86.1dB THD = –109dB SINAD = 86.0dB SFDR = 110dB –40 –140 –180 0V TO 4.096V RANGE UNIPOLAR DRIVE (IN– = 0V) –20 AMPLITUDE (dBFS) AMPLITUDE (dBFS) Unipolar Drive SNR = 86.0dB THD = –110dB SINAD = 86.0dB SFDR = 113dB –40 100 Figure 6c. IN+/IN – = –1dBFS 2kHz Fully Differential Sine, Common Mode = 2.5V, 32k Point FFT, fSMPL = 200ksps. Circuit Shown in Figure 6a with LT6237 Amplifiers, RFILT = 40.2Ω, CFILT = 1nF ±2.048V RANGE BIPOLAR DRIVE (IN– = 2.5V) –20 80 234516 F06c Bipolar Drive 0 40 60 FREQUENCY (kHz) –180 0 234516 F06d Figure 6d. IN+ = –1dBFS 2kHz Bipolar Sine, IN – = 2.5V, 32k Point FFT, fSMPL = 200ksps. Circuit Shown in Figure 6a with LT6237 Amplifiers, RFILT = 40.2Ω, CFILT = 1nF 20 40 60 FREQUENCY (kHz) 80 100 234516 F06e Figure 6e. IN+ = –1dBFS 2kHz Unipolar Sine, IN – = 0V, 32k Point FFT, fSMPL = 200ksps. Circuit Shown in Figure 6a with LT6237 Amplifiers, RFILT = 40.2Ω, CFILT = 1nF 234516f 24 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Applications Information The ability of the LTC2345-16 to accept arbitrary signal swings over a wide input common mode range with high CMRR can simplify application solutions. Figure 7 depicts one way of using the LTC2345-16 to digitize signals of this type. Two channels of the LTC2345-16 simultaneously sense the voltage on and bidirectional current through a sense resistor over a wide common mode range. In many applications of this type, the impedance of the external circuitry is low enough that the ADC sampling network can fully settle without buffering. The common mode input range of the LTC2345-16 includes VDD, allowing the circuit shown in Figure 8a to amplify and measure a load current (ILOAD) from a single 5V supply. Figure 8b shows a measured transient supply current step of an LTC3207 LED driver load. Note the LTC6252 supplies limit the usable current sense range of this circuit to 50mA to 450mA. Figure 9a illustrates a more general method of amplifying an input signal. The amplifier stage provides a differential gain of approximately 10V/V to the desired sensor signal while the unwanted common mode signal is attenuated by the ADC CMRR. Figure 9b shows measured CMRR performance of this solution, which is competitive with the best commercially available instrumentation amplifiers. IN0+ IN0– VS1 IN1+ IN1– ISENSE RSENSE LTC2345-16 REFBUF VS2 REFIN 47µF 0.1µF 234516 F07 ONLY CHANNELS 0 AND 1 SHOWN FOR CLARITY V – VS2 ISENSE = S1 RSENSE 0V ≤ VS1 ≤ 5V 0V ≤ VS2 ≤ 5V Figure 7. Simultaneously Sense Voltage (CH0) and Current (CH1) Over a Wide Common Mode Range 5V 2.49k 1Ω 274Ω – + ILOAD VDD IN0+ IN0– 5V LTC2345-16 LTC6252 LOAD REFBUF 47µF REFIN 0.1µF ONLY CHANNEL 0 SHOWN FOR CLARITY 234516 F08a Figure 8a. Sense 50mA to 450mA Current from Single 5V Supply with Amplification 200 0V TO 4.096V RANGE 180 160 ILOAD (mA) The two-tone test shown in Figure 6b demonstrates the arbitrary input drive capability of the LTC2345-16. This test simultaneously drives IN+ with a −7dBFS 2kHz single-ended sine wave and IN− with a −7dBFS 3.1kHz single-ended sine wave. Together, these signals sweep the analog inputs across a wide range of common mode and differential mode voltage combinations, similar to the more general arbitrary input signal case. They also have a simple spectral representation. An ideal differential converter with no common-mode sensitivity will digitize this signal as two −7dBFS spectral tones, one at each sine wave frequency. The FFT plot in Figure 6b demonstrates the LTC2345-16 response approaches this ideal, with 120dB of SFDR limited by the converter's second harmonic distortion response to the 2kHz sine wave on IN+. 140 120 100 80 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TIME (µs) 234516 F08b Figure 8b. Transient Supply Current Step Measured Using Circuit in Figure 8a Loaded with LTC3207 LED Driver 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 25 LTC2345-16 Applications Information Buffering Single-Ended Analog Input Signals 6V + – IN+ ½ LT6237 LOWPASS FILTERS 2.49k 1nF IN0+ IN0– 549Ω 2.49k LTC2345-16 1nF 40.2Ω – + IN– While the circuit shown in Figure 6a is capable of buffering single-ended input signals, the circuit shown in Figure 10 is preferable when the single-ended signal reference level is inherently low impedance and doesn't require buffering. This circuit eliminates one driver and lowpass filter, reducing part count, power dissipation, and SNR degradation due to driver noise. Using the recommended driver and filter combinations in Table 2, the performance of this circuit with single-ended input signals is on par with the performance of the circuit in Figure 6a. 40.2Ω ½ LT6237 –2V REFBUF REFIN 47µF BW ~ 4MHz ONLY CHANNEL 0 SHOWN FOR CLARITY 0.1µF 234516 F09a Figure 9a. Digitize Differential Signals with High CMRR ADC Reference 150 As shown previously in Table 1b, the LTC2345-16 supports three reference configurations. The first uses both the internal bandgap reference and reference buffer. The second externally overdrives the internal reference but retains the internal buffer, which isolates the external reference from ADC conversion transients. This configuration is ideal for sharing a single precision external reference across multiple ADCs. The third disables the internal buffer and overdrives the REFBUF pin externally. ±4.096V RANGE IN+ = IN– = 5Vpp SINE 140 CMRR (dB) 130 120 110 100 90 80 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k Internal Reference with Internal Buffer 234516 F09b The LTC2345-16 has an on-chip, low noise, low drift (20ppm/°C maximum), temperature compensated bandgap reference that is factory trimmed to 2.048V. The reference output connects through a 20kΩ resistor to Figure 9b. CMRR vs Input Frequency. Circuit Shown in Figure 9a 6V 5V UNIPOLAR IN+ + AMPLIFIER – –2V 0V OPTIONAL LOWPASS FILTER RFILT CFILT IN0+ IN0– LTC2345-16 IN– REFBUF 47µF REFIN 0.1µF ONLY CHANNEL 0 SHOWN FOR CLARITY 234516 F10 Figure 10. Buffering Single-Ended Input Signals. See Table 2 For Recommended Amplifier and Filter Combinations 234516f 26 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Applications Information the REFIN pin, which serves as the input to the on-chip reference buffer, as shown in Figure 11a. When employing the internal bandgap reference, the REFIN pin should be bypassed to GND (Pin 20) close to the pin with a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor to filter wideband noise. The reference buffer amplifies VREFIN to create the converter master reference voltage VREFBUF = 2 • VREFIN on the REFBUF pin, nominally 4.096V when using the internal bandgap reference. Bypass REFBUF to GND (Pin 20) close to the pin with at least a 47μF ceramic capacitor (X7R, 10V, 1210 size or X5R, 10V, 0805 size) to compensate the reference buffer, absorb transient conversion currents, and minimize noise. LTC2345-16 20k REFIN 0.1µF REFBUF 47µF BANDGAP REFERENCE REFERENCE BUFFER External Reference with Internal Buffer If more accuracy and/or lower drift is desired, REFIN can be easily overdriven by an external reference since 20kΩ of resistance separates the internal bandgap reference output from the REFIN pin, as shown in Figure 11b. The valid range of external reference voltage overdrive on the REFIN pin is 1.25V to 2.2V, resulting in converter master reference voltages VREFBUF between 2.5V and 4.4V, respectively. Linear Technology offers a portfolio of high performance references designed to meet the needs of many applications. With its small size, low power, and high accuracy, the LTC6655-2.048 is well suited for use with the LTC2345-16 when overdriving the internal reference. The LTC6655-2.048 offers 0.025% (maximum) initial accuracy and 2ppm/°C (maximum) temperature coefficient for high precision applications. The LTC6655-2.048 is fully specified over the H-grade temperature range, complementing the extended temperature range of the LTC2345-16 up to 125°C. Bypassing the LTC6655-2.048 with a 2.7µF to 100µF ceramic capacitor close to the REFIN pin is recommended. External Reference with Disabled Internal Buffer 6.5k 6.5k GND 234516 F11a The internal reference buffer supports VREFBUF = 4.4V maximum. By grounding REFIN, the internal buffer may be disabled allowing REFBUF to be overdriven with an external reference voltage between 2.5V and 5V, as shown Figure 11a. Internal Reference with Internal Buffer Configuration LTC2345-16 20k REFIN 2.7µF REFBUF LTC6655-2.048 47µF BANDGAP REFERENCE REFERENCE BUFFER 6.5k 6.5k GND 234516 F11b Figure 11b. External Reference with Internal Buffer Configuration 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 27 LTC2345-16 Applications Information LTC2345-16 20k REFIN REFBUF LTC6655-5 BANDGAP REFERENCE REFERENCE BUFFER 6.5k 47µF 6.5k GND 234516 F11c Figure 11c. External Reference with Disabled Internal Buffer Configuration in Figure 11c. Maximum input signal swing and SNR are achieved by overdriving REFBUF using an external 5V reference. The buffer feedback resistors load the REFBUF pin with 13kΩ even when the reference buffer is disabled. The LTC6655-5 offers the same small size, accuracy, drift, and extended temperature range as the LTC6655-2.048, and achieves a typical SNR of 92dB when paired with the LTC2345-16. Bypass the LTC6655-5 to GND (Pin 20) close to the REFBUF pin with at least a 47μF ceramic capacitor (X7R, 10V, 1210 size or X5R, 10V, 0805 size) to absorb transient conversion currents and minimize noise. The LTC2345-16 converter draws a charge (QCONV) from the REFBUF pin during each conversion cycle. On short time scales most of this charge is supplied by the external REFBUF bypass capacitor, but on longer time scales all of the charge is supplied by either the reference buffer, or when the internal reference buffer is disabled, the external reference. This charge draw corresponds to a DC current equivalent of IREFBUF = QCONV • fSMPL, which is proportional to sample rate. In applications where a burst of samples is taken after idling for long periods of time, as shown in Figure 12, IREFBUF quickly transitions from approximately 0.4mA to 1.5mA (VREFBUF = 5V, fSMPL = 200kHz). This current step triggers a transient response in the external reference that must be considered, since any deviation in VREFBUF affects converter accuracy. If an external reference is used to overdrive REFBUF, the fast settling LTC6655 family of references is recommended. Internal Reference Buffer Transient Response For optimum performance in applications employing burst sampling, the external reference with internal reference buffer configuration should be used. The internal reference buffer incorporates a proprietary design that minimizes movements in VREFBUF when responding to a burst of CNV IDLE PERIOD IDLE PERIOD 234516 F12 Figure 12. CNV Waveform Showing Burst Sampling 234516f 28 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Applications Information DEVIATION FROM FINAL VALUE (LSB) 6 ±4.096V SOFTSPAN IN+ = 4V IN– = 0V 5 to frequencies below half the sampling frequency, excluding DC. Figure 14 shows that the LTC2345-16 achieves a typical SINAD of 91.1dB in the ±4.096V range at a 200kHz sampling rate with a fully differential 2kHz input signal. 0 –60 –80 –100 –120 –140 3 –160 –180 EXTERNAL REFERENCE ON REFBUF SNR = 91.1dB THD = –111dB SINAD = 91.1dB SFDR = 112dB –40 4 2 ±4.096V RANGE FULLY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE (IN– = –IN+) –20 AMPLITUDE (dBFS) conversions following an idle period. Figure 13 compares the burst conversion response of the LTC2345-16 with an input near full scale for two reference configurations. The first configuration employs the internal reference buffer with REFIN externally overdriven by an LTC6655-2.048, while the second configuration disables the internal reference buffer and overdrives REFBUF with an external LTC6655-4.096. In both cases REFBUF is bypassed to GND with a 47µF ceramic capacitor. 0 1 40 60 FREQUENCY (KHz) 80 100 234516 F14 0 Figure 14. 32k Point FFT fSMPL = 200ksps, fIN = 2kHz INTERNAL REFERENCE BUFFER –1 –2 20 0 100 200 300 TIME (µs) 400 500 234516 F13 Figure 13. Burst Conversion Response of the LTC2345-16, fSMPL = 200ksps Dynamic Performance Fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques are used to test the ADC’s frequency response, distortion, and noise at the rated throughput. By applying a low distortion sine wave and analyzing the digital output using an FFT algorithm, the ADC’s spectral content can be examined for frequencies outside the fundamental. The LTC2345-16 provides guaranteed tested limits for both AC distortion and noise measurements. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the ratio between the RMS amplitude of the fundamental input frequency and the RMS amplitude of all other frequency components except the first five harmonics and DC. Figure 14 shows that the LTC2345-16 achieves a typical SNR of 91.1dB in the ±4.096V range at a 200kHz sampling rate with a fully differential 2kHz input signal. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Total harmonic distortion (THD) is the ratio of the RMS sum of all harmonics of the input signal to the fundamental itself. The out-of-band harmonics alias into the frequency band between DC and half the sampling frequency (fSMPL/2). THD is expressed as: Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratio (SINAD) The signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD) is the ratio between the RMS amplitude of the fundamental input frequency and the RMS amplitude of all other frequency components at the A/D output. The output is band-limited THD = 20log V22 + V32 + V42 ...VN2 V1 where V1 is the RMS amplitude of the fundamental frequency and V2 through VN are the amplitudes of the second through Nth harmonics, respectively. Figure 14 shows 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 29 LTC2345-16 Applications Information that the LTC2345-16 achieves a typical THD of –111dB (N = 6) in the ±4.096V range at a 200kHz sampling rate with a fully differential 2kHz input signal. Power Considerations The LTC2345-16 provides two power supply pins: the 5V core power supply (VDD) and the digital input/output (I/O) interface power supply (OVDD). The flexible OVDD supply allows the LTC2345-16 to communicate with CMOS logic operating between 1.8V and 5V, including 2.5V and 3.3V systems. When using LVDS I/O mode, the range of OVDD is 2.375V to 5.25V. Power Supply Sequencing The LTC2345-16 does not have any specific power supply sequencing requirements. Care should be taken to adhere to the maximum voltage relationships described in the Absolute Maximum Ratings section. The LTC2345-16 has an internal power-on-reset (POR) circuit which resets the converter on initial power-up and whenever VDD drops below 2V. Once the supply voltage re-enters the nominal supply voltage range, the POR reinitializes the ADC. No conversions should be initiated until at least 10ms after a POR event to ensure the initialization period has ended. When employing the internal reference buffer, allow 200ms for the buffer to power up and recharge the REFBUF bypass capacitor. Any conversion initiated before these times will produce invalid results. Timing and Control CNV Timing The LTC2345-16 sampling and conversion is controlled by CNV. A rising edge on CNV transitions all channels’ S/H circuits from track mode to hold mode, simultaneously sampling the input signals on all channels and initiating a conversion. Once a conversion has been started, it cannot be terminated early except by resetting the ADC, as discussed in the Reset Timing section. For optimum performance, drive CNV with a clean, low jitter signal and avoid transitions on data I/O lines leading up to the rising edge of CNV. Additionally, to minimize channel-to-channel crosstalk, avoid high slew rates on the analog inputs for 100ns before and after the rising edge of CNV. Converter status is indicated by the BUSY output, which transitions low-to-high at the start of each conversion and stays high until the conversion is complete. Once CNV is brought high to begin a conversion, it should be returned low between 40ns and 60ns later or after the falling edge of BUSY to minimize external disturbances during the internal conversion process. If CNV is returned low after the falling edge of BUSY, it should be held low for at least 420ns before bringing it high again, since the converter acquisition time (tACQ) is set by the CNV low time (tCNVL) in this case. Internal Conversion Clock The LTC2345-16 has an internal clock that is trimmed to achieve a maximum conversion time of 555 • N – 35ns with N channels enabled. With a minimum acquisition time of 565ns when converting eight channels simultaneously, throughput performance of 200ksps is guaranteed without any external adjustments. Power Down Mode When PD is brought high, the LTC2345-16 is powered down and subsequent conversion requests are ignored. If this occurs during a conversion, the device powers down once the conversion completes. In this mode, the device draws only a small regulator standby current resulting in a typical power dissipation of 0.33mW. To exit power down mode, bring the PD pin low and wait at least 10ms before initiating a conversion. When employing the internal reference buffer, allow 200ms for the buffer to power up and recharge the REFBUF bypass capacitor. Any conversion initiated before these times will produce invalid results. Reset Timing A global reset of the LTC2345-16, equivalent to a poweron-reset event, may be executed without needing to cycle the supplies. This feature is useful when recovering from system-level events that require the state of the entire sys- 234516f 30 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Applications Information tem to be reset to a known synchronized value. To initiate a global reset, bring PD high twice without an intervening conversion, as shown in Figure 15. The reset event is triggered on the second rising edge of PD, and asynchronously ends based on an internal timer. Reset clears all serial data output registers and restores the internal SoftSpan configuration register default state of all channels in SoftSpan 7. If reset is triggered during a conversion, the conversion is immediately halted. The normal power down behavior associated with PD going high is not affected by reset. Once PD is brought low, wait at least 10ms before initiating a conversion. When employing the internal reference buffer, allow 200ms for the buffer to power up and recharge the REFBUF bypass capacitor. Any conversion initiated before these times will produce invalid results. 18 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 16 IVDD 14 12 10 8 6 4 IOVDD 2 0 0 40 80 120 160 SAMPLING FREQUENCY (kHz) 200 234516 F16 Figure 16. Power Dissipation of the LTC2345-16 Decreases with Decreasing Sampling Frequency Auto Nap Mode Digital Interface The LTC2345-16 automatically enters nap mode after a conversion has finished and completely powers up once a new conversion is initiated on the rising edge of CNV. Auto nap mode causes the power dissipation of the LTC234516 to decrease as the sampling frequency is reduced, as shown in Figure 16. This decrease in average power dissipation occurs because a portion of the LTC2345-16 circuitry is turned off during nap mode, and the fraction of the conversion cycle (tCYC) spent napping increases as the sampling frequency (fSMPL) is decreased. The LTC2345-16 features CMOS and LVDS serial interfaces, selectable using the LVDS/CMOS pin. The flexible OVDD supply allows the LTC2345-16 to communicate with any CMOS logic operating between 1.8V and 5V, including 2.5V and 3.3V systems, while the LVDS interface supports low noise digital designs. In CMOS mode, applications may employ between one and eight lanes of serial data output, allowing the user to optimize bus width and data tPDH t WAKE PD CNV BUSY RESET tPDL tCNVH tCONV SECOND RISING EDGE OF PD TRIGGERS RESET RESET TIME SET INTERNALLY 234516 F15 Figure 15. Reset Timing for the LTC2345-16 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 31 LTC2345-16 Applications Information CS = PD = 0 SAMPLE N tCNVL CNV tCONV BUSY tACQ tBUSYLH RECOMMENDED DATA TRANSACTION WINDOW tSCKI tSCKIH SCKI SDI SAMPLE N + 1 tCYC tCNVH 1 S23 DON’T CARE tDSDOBUSYL 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 tSCKIL tSSDISCKI tQUIET 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 tHSDISCKI S22 S21 S20 S19 S18 S17 S16 S15 S14 S13 S12 S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 tHSDOSCKI SOFTSPAN CONFIGURATION WORD FOR CONVERSION N + 1 tSKEW SCKO tDSDOSCKI SDO0 DON’T CARE D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 CONVERSION RESULT CHANNEL ID SOFTSPAN CONVERSION RESULT CHANNEL 0 24-BIT PACKET CONVERSION N • • • SDO7 C2 C1 C0 SS2 SS1 SS0 D15 DON’T CARE D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 CONVERSION RESULT CHANNEL 7 24-BIT PACKET CONVERSION N CHANNEL 1 24-BIT PACKET CONVERSION N 0 C2 C1 C0 SS2 SS1 SS0 D15 CHANNEL ID SOFTSPAN CONVERSION RESULT CHANNEL 0 24-BIT PACKET CONVERSION N 234516 TD01 Figure 17. Serial CMOS I/O Mode throughput. Together, these I/O interface options enable the LTC2345-16 to communicate equally well with legacy microcontrollers and modern FPGAs. Serial CMOS I/O Mode As shown in Figure 17, in CMOS I/O mode the serial data bus consists of a serial clock input, SCKI, serial data input, SDI, serial clock output, SCKO, and eight lanes of serial data output, SDO0 to SDO7. Communication with the LTC2345-16 across this bus occurs during predefined data transaction windows. Within a window, the device accepts 24-bit SoftSpan configuration words for the next conversion on SDI and outputs 24-bit packets containing conversion results and channel configuration information from the previous conversion on SDO0 to SDO7. New data transaction windows open 10ms after powering up or resetting the LTC2345-16, and at the end of each conversion on the falling edge of BUSY. In the recommended use case, the data transaction should be completed with a minimum tQUIET time of 20ns prior to the start of the next conversion, as shown in Figure 17. New SoftSpan configuration words are only accepted within this recommended data transaction window, but SoftSpan changes take effect immediately with no additional analog input settling time required before starting the next conversion. It is still possible to read conversion data after starting the next conversion, but this will degrade conversion accuracy and therefore is not recommended. Just prior to the falling edge of BUSY and the opening of a new data transaction window, SCKO is forced low and SDO0 to SDO7 are updated with the latest conversion results from analog input channels 0 to 7, respectively. Rising edges on SCKI serially clock conversion results and analog input channel configuration information out on SDO0 to SDO7 and trigger transitions on SCKO that are skew-matched to the data on SDO0 to SDO7. The resulting 234516f 32 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Applications Information SCKO frequency is half that of SCKI. SCKI rising edges also latch SoftSpan configuration words provided on SDI, which are used to program the internal 24-bit SoftSpan configuration register. See the section Programming the SoftSpan Configuration Register in CMOS I/O Mode for further details. SCKI is allowed to idle either high or low in CMOS I/O mode. As shown in Figure 18, the CMOS bus is enabled when CS is low and is disabled and Hi-Z when CS is high, allowing the bus to be shared across multiple devices. The data on SDO0 to SDO7 are grouped into 24-bit packets consisting of a 16-bit conversion result plus 2-bit trailing zero pad, 3-bit analog channel ID, and 3-bit SoftSpan code, all presented MSB first. As suggested in Figures 17 and 18, each SDO lane outputs these packets for all analog input channels in a sequential, circular manner. For example, the first 24-bit packet output on SDO0 corresponds to analog input channel 0, followed by the packets for channels 1 through 7. The data output on SDO0 then wraps back to channel 0, and this pattern repeats indefinitely. Other SDO lanes follow a similar circular pattern, except the first packet presented on each lane corresponds to its associated analog input channel. When interfacing the LTC2345-16 with a standard SPI bus, capture output data at the receiver on rising edges of SCKI. SCKO is not used in this case. Multiple SDO lanes are also usually not useful in this case. In other applications, such as interfacing the LTC2345-16 with an FPGA or CPLD, rising and falling edges of SCKO may be used to capture serial output data on SDO0 to SDO7 in double data rate (DDR) fashion. Capturing data using SCKO adds robustness to delay variations over temperature and supply. Full Eight Lane Serial CMOS Output Data Capture As shown in Table 3, full 200ksps per channel throughput can be achieved with a 45MHz SCKI frequency by capturing the first packet (24 SCKI cycles total) from all eight serial data output lanes SDO0 to SDO7. This configuration also allows conversion results from all channels to be captured using as few as 16 SCKI cycles if the 3-bit analog channel ID and 3-bit SoftSpan code are not needed and the device SoftSpan configuration is not being changed. Multi-lane data capture is usually best suited for use with FPGA or CPLD capture hardware, but may be useful in other application-specific cases. Fewer Than Eight Lane Serial CMOS Output Data Capture Applications that cannot accommodate the full eight lanes of serial data capture may employ fewer lanes without reconfiguring the LTC2345-16. For example, capturing the first two packets (48 SCKI cycles total) from SDO0, SDO2, SDO4, and SDO6 provides data for analog input PD = 0 BUSY CS SCKI DON’T CARE SDI DON’T CARE SCKO SDO7 NEW SoftSpan CONFIGURATION WORD (OVERWRITES INTERNAL CONFIG REGISTER) TWO ALL-ZERO WORDS AND ONE PARTIAL WORD (INTERNAL CONFIG REGISTER RETAINS CURRENT VALUE) DON’T CARE Hi-Z Hi-Z Hi-Z CHANNEL 0 PACKET CHANNEL 1 PACKET CHANNEL 2 PACKET CHANNEL 3 PACKET (PARTIAL) tEN • • • SDO0 DON’T CARE Hi-Z Hi-Z t DIS CHANNEL 7 PACKET CHANNEL 0 PACKET CHANNEL 1 PACKET CHANNEL 2 PACKET (PARTIAL) Figure 18. Internal SoftSpan Configuration Register Behavior. Serial CMOS Bus Response to CS For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 Hi-Z 234516 F18 234516f 33 LTC2345-16 Applications Information channels 0 and 1, 2 and 3, 4 and 5, and 6 and 7, respectively, using four output lanes. Similarly, capturing the first four packets (96 SCKI cycles total) from SDO0 and SDO4 provides data for analog input channels 0 to 3 and 4 to 7, respectively, using two output lanes. If only one lane can be accommodated, capturing the first eight packets (192 SCKI cycles total) from SDO0 provides data for all analog input channels. As shown in Table 3, full 200ksps per channel throughput can be achieved with a 90MHz SCKI frequency in the four lane case, but the maximum CMOS SCKI frequency of 100MHz limits the throughput to less than 200ksps per channel in the two lane and one lane cases. Finally, note that in choosing the number of lanes and which lanes to use for data capture, the user is not restricted to the specific cases mentioned above. Other choices may be more optimal in particular applications. Programming the SoftSpan Configuration Register in CMOS I/O Mode The internal 24-bit SoftSpan configuration register controls the SoftSpan range for all analog input channels of the LTC2345-16. The default state of this register after power-up or resetting the device is all ones, configuring each channel to convert in SoftSpan 7, the ± VREFBUF range (see Table 1a). The state of this register may be modified by providing a new 24-bit SoftSpan configuration word on SDI during the data transaction window shown in Figure 17. New SoftSpan configuration words are only accepted within this recommended data transaction window, but SoftSpan changes take effect immediately with no additional analog input settling time required before starting the next conversion. Setting a channel’s SoftSpan code to SS[2:0] = 000 immediately disables the channel, resulting in a corresponding reduction in tCONV on the next conversion. Similarly, enabling a previously disabled channel requires no additional analog input settling time before starting the next conversion. The mapping between the serial SoftSpan configuration word, the internal SoftSpan configuration register, and each channel’s 3-bit SoftSpan code is illustrated in Figure 19. If fewer than 24 SCKI rising edges are provided during a data transaction window, the partial word received on SDI will be ignored and the SoftSpan configuration register will not be updated. If exactly 24 SCKI rising edges are provided, the SoftSpan configuration register will be updated to match the received SoftSpan configuration word, S[23:0]. The one exception to this behavior occurs when S[23:0] is all zeros. In this case, the SoftSpan configuration register will not be updated, allowing applications to retain the current SoftSpan configuration state by idling SDI low. If more than 24 SCKI rising edges are provided during a data transaction window, each complete 24-bit word received on SDI will be interpreted as a new SoftSpan configuration word and applied to the SoftSpan configuration register as described above. Any partial words are ignored. Typically, applications will update the SoftSpan configuration register in the manner shown in Figures 17 and 18. After the opening of a new data transaction window at the falling edge of BUSY, the user supplies a 24-bit SoftSpan configuration word on SDI during the first 24 SCKI cycles. This new word overwrites the internal configuration register Table 3. Required SCKI Frequency to Achieve Various Throughputs in Common Output Bus Configurations with Eight Channels Enabled. Shaded Entries Denote Throughputs That Are Not Achievable In a Given Configuration. Calculated Using fSCKI = (Number of SCKI Cycles)/(tACQ,MIN – tQUIET) I/O MODE CMOS LVDS REQUIRED fSCKI (MHz) TO ACHIEVE THROUGHPUT OF 100ksps/CHANNEL 50ksps/CHANNEL 200ksps/CHANNEL (tACQ = 5565ns) (tACQ = 15565ns) (tACQ = 565ns) NUMBER OF SDO LANES NUMBER OF SCKI CYCLES 8 16 30 3 2 8 24 45 5 2 4 48 90 9 4 2 96 Not Achievable 18 7 1 192 Not Achievable 35 13 1 96 180 (360Mbps) 18 (36Mbps) 7 (14Mbps) 234516f 34 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Applications Information CMOS I/O MODE tSCKI tSCKIH SCKI 1 SDI DON’T CARE 2 S23 3 4 5 6 tSSDISCKI 7 8 tSCKIL 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 tHSDISCKI S22 S21 S20 S19 S18 S17 S16 S15 S14 S13 S12 S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 SoftSpan CONFIGURATION WORD LVDS I/O MODE tSCKI SCKI (LVDS) 1 2 tSCKIH 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 tSCKIL SDI (LVDS) DON’T CARE S23 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 tSSDISCKI tSSDISCKI tHSDISCKI tHSDISCKI S22 S21 S20 S19 S18 S17 S16 S15 S14 S13 S12 S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 SoftSpan CONFIGURATION WORD INTERNAL 24-BIT SoftSpan CONFIGURATION REGISTER (SAME FOR CMOS AND LVDS) 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CHANNEL 7 SoftSpan CHANNEL 6 SoftSpan CHANNEL 5 SoftSpan CHANNEL 4 SoftSpan CHANNEL 3 SoftSpan CHANNEL 2 SoftSpan CHANNEL 1 SoftSpan CHANNEL 0 SoftSpan CODE SS[2:0] CODE SS[2:0] CODE SS[2:0] CODE SS[2:0] CODE SS[2:0] CODE SS[2:0] CODE SS[2:0] CODE SS[2:0] 234516 F19 Figure 19. Mapping Between Serial SoftSpan Configuration Word, Internal SoftSpan Configuration Register, and SoftSpan Code for Each Analog Input Channel contents following the 24th SCKI rising edge. The user then holds SDI low for the remainder of the data transaction window causing the register to retain its contents regardless of the number of additional SCKI cycles applied. SoftSpan settings may be retained across multiple conversions by holding SDI low for the entire data transaction window, regardless of the number of SCKI cycles applied. Serial LVDS I/O Mode In LVDS I/O mode, information is transmitted using positive and negative signal pairs (LVDS+/LVDS−) with bits differentially encoded as (LVDS+ − LVDS−). These signals are typically routed using differential transmission lines with 100Ω characteristic impedance. Logical 1’s and 0’s are nominally represented by differential +350mV and −350mV, respectively. For clarity, all LVDS timing diagrams and interface discussions adopt the logical rather than physical convention. As shown in Figure 20, in LVDS I/O mode the serial data bus consists of a serial clock differential input, SCKI, serial data differential input, SDI, serial clock differential output, SCKO, and serial data differential output, SDO. Communication with the LTC2345-16 across this bus occurs during predefined data transaction windows. Within a window, the device accepts 24-bit SoftSpan configuration words for the next conversion on SDI and outputs 24-bit packets containing conversion results and channel configuration information from the previous conversion on SDO. New data transaction windows open 10ms after powering up or resetting the LTC2345-16, and at the end of each conversion on the falling edge of BUSY. In the recommended use case, the data transaction should be completed with a minimum tQUIET time of 20ns prior to the start of the next conversion, as shown in Figure 20. New SoftSpan configuration words are only accepted within this recommended data transaction window, but SoftSpan changes take effect immediately with no additional analog input 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 35 LTC2345-16 Applications Information CS = PD = 0 SAMPLE N + 1 SAMPLE N t CYC tCNVH CNV (CMOS) BUSY (CMOS) t CNVL tCONV t ACQ tBUSYLH RECOMMENDED DATA TRANSACTION WINDOW t SCKI SCKI (LVDS) SDI (LVDS) 1 2 3 4 t SCKIL DON’T CARE 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 t SSDISCKI t HSDISCKI t SSDISCKI t HSDISCKI S23 S22 S21 S20 S19 S18 S17 S16 S15 S14 S13 S12 S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 t DSDOBUSYL SoftSpan CONFIGURATION WORD FOR CONVERSION N + 1 t SKEW t HSDOSCKI SCKO (LVDS) SDO (LVDS) tQUIET t SCKIH t DSDOSCKI DON’T CARE D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 CONVERSION RESULT 0 C2 C1 C0 SS2 SS1 SS0 D15 D14 D13 0 CHANNEL ID SoftSpan CHANNEL 0 24-BIT PACKET CONVERSION N CHANNEL 1 24-BIT PACKET CONVERSION N C2 C1 C0 SS2 SS1 SS0 D15 CHANNEL ID SoftSpan CHANNEL 7 24-BIT PACKET CONVERSION N CONVERSION RESULT CHANNEL 0 24-BIT PACKET CONVERSION N 234516 F20 Figure 20. Serial LVDS I/O Mode settling time required before starting the next conversion. It is still possible to read conversion data after starting the next conversion, but this will degrade conversion accuracy and therefore is not recommended. Just prior to the falling edge of BUSY and the opening of a new data transaction window, SDO is updated with the latest conversion results from analog input channel 0. Both rising and falling edges on SCKI serially clock conversion results and analog input channel configuration information out on SDO. SCKI is also echoed on SCKO, skew-matched to the data on SDO. Whenever possible, it is recommended that rising and falling edges of SCKO be used to capture DDR serial output data on SDO, as this will yield the best robustness to delay variations over supply and temperature. SCKI rising and falling edges also latch SoftSpan configuration words provided on SDI, which are used to program the internal 24-bit SoftSpan configuration register. See the section Programming the SoftSpan Configuration Register in LVDS I/O Mode for further details. As shown in Figure 21, the LVDS bus is enabled when CS is low and is disabled and Hi-Z when CS is high, allowing the bus to be shared across multiple devices. Due to the high speeds involved in LVDS signaling, LVDS bus sharing must be carefully considered. Transmission line limitations imposed by the shared bus may limit the maximum achievable bus clock speed. LVDS inputs are internally terminated with a 100Ω differential resistor when CS = 0, while outputs must be differentially terminated with a 100Ω resistor at the receiver (FPGA). SCKI must idle in the low state in LVDS I/O mode, including when transitioning CS. The data on SDO are grouped into 24-bit packets consisting of a 16-bit conversion result plus 2-bit trailing zero pad, 3-bit analog channel ID, and 3-bit SoftSpan code, all presented MSB first. As suggested in Figures 20 and 21, SDO outputs these packets for all analog input channels in a sequential, circular manner. For example, the first 24-bit packet output on SDO corresponds to analog input channel 0, followed by the packets for channels 1 through 7. The data output on SDO then wraps back to channel 0, and this pattern repeats indefinitely. 234516f 36 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Applications Information Serial LVDS Output Data Capture As shown in Table 3, full 200ksps per channel throughput can be achieved with a 180MHz SCKI frequency by capturing eight packets (96 SCKI cycles total) of DDR data from SDO. The LTC2345-16 supports LVDS SCKI frequencies up to 250MHz. Programming the SoftSpan Configuration Register in LVDS I/O Mode The internal 24-bit SoftSpan configuration register controls the SoftSpan range for all analog input channels of the LTC2345-16. The default state of this register after power-up or resetting the device is all ones, configuring each channel to convert in SoftSpan 7, the ± VREFBUF range (see Table 1a). The state of this register may be modified by providing a new 24-bit SoftSpan configuration word on SDI during the data transaction window shown in Figure 20. New SoftSpan configuration words are only accepted within this recommended data transaction window, but SoftSpan changes take effect immediately with no additional analog input settling time required before starting the next conversion. Setting a channel’s SoftSpan code to SS[2:0] = 000 immediately disables the channel, resulting in a corresponding reduction in tCONV on the next conversion. Similarly, enabling a previously disabled channel requires no additional analog input settling time before starting the next conversion. The mapping between the serial SoftSpan configuration word, the internal SoftSpan configuration register, and each channel’s 3-bit SoftSpan code is illustrated in Figure 19. If fewer than 24 SCKI edges (rising plus falling) are provided during a data transaction window, the partial word received on SDI will be ignored and the SoftSpan configuration register will not be updated. If exactly 24 SCKI edges are provided, the SoftSpan configuration register will be updated to match the received SoftSpan configuration word, S[23:0]. The one exception to this behavior occurs when S[23:0] is all zeros. In this case, the SoftSpan configuration register will not be updated, allowing applications to retain the current SoftSpan configuration state by idling SDI low. If more than 24 SCKI edges are provided during a data transaction window, each complete 24-bit word received on SDI will be interpreted as a new SoftSpan configuration word and applied to the SoftSpan configuration register as described above. Any partial words are ignored. Typically, applications will update the SoftSpan configuration register in the manner shown in Figures 20 and 21. After the opening of a new data transaction window at the falling edge of BUSY, the user supplies a 24-bit DDR SoftSpan configuration word on SDI during the first 12 SCKI cycles. This new word overwrites the internal configuration register contents following the 12th SCKI falling edge. The user then holds SDI low for the remainder of the data transaction window causing the register to retain its contents regardless of the number of additional SCKI cycles applied. SoftSpan settings may be retained across multiple conversions by holding SDI low for the entire data transaction window, regardless of the number of SCKI cycles applied. PD = 0 BUSY (CMOS) CS (CMOS) tEN tDIS SCKI DON’T CARE (LVDS) SDI DON’T CARE (LVDS) SCKO (LVDS) SDO (LVDS) DON’T CARE NEW SoftSpan CONFIGURATION WORD (OVERWRITES INTERNAL CONFIG REGISTER) TWO ALL-ZERO WORDS AND ONE PARTIAL WORD (INTERNAL CONFIG REGISTER RETAINS CURRENT VALUE) DON’T CARE Hi-Z Hi-Z Hi-Z CHANNEL 0 PACKET CHANNEL 1 PACKET CHANNEL 2 PACKET CHANNEL 3 PACKET (PARTIAL) Hi-Z 234516 F21 Figure 21. Internal SoftSpan Configuration Register Behavior. Serial LVDS Bus Response to CS 234516f For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 37 LTC2345-16 Board Layout To obtain the best performance from the LTC2345-16, a four-layer printed circuit board (PCB) is recommended. Layout for the PCB should ensure the digital and analog signal lines are separated as much as possible. In particular, care should be taken not to run any digital clocks or signals alongside analog signals or underneath the ADC. Also minimize the length of the REFBUF to GND (Pin 20) bypass capacitor return loop, and avoid routing CNV near signals which could potentially disturb its rising edge. Supply bypass capacitors should be placed as close as possible to the supply pins. Low impedance common returns for these bypass capacitors are essential to the low noise operation of the ADC. A single solid ground plane is recommended for this purpose. When possible, screen the analog input traces using ground. Reference Design For a detailed look at the reference design for this converter, including schematics and PCB layout, please refer to DC2326A, the evaluation kit for the LTC2345-16. 234516f 38 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LTC2345-16 Package Description Please refer to http://www.linear.com/product/LTC2345-16#packaging for the most recent package drawings. UK Package 48-Lead Plastic QFN (7mm × 7mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1704 Rev C) 0.70 ±0.05 5.15 ±0.05 5.50 REF 6.10 ±0.05 7.50 ±0.05 (4 SIDES) 5.15 ±0.05 PACKAGE OUTLINE 0.25 ±0.05 0.50 BSC RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS APPLY SOLDER MASK TO AREAS THAT ARE NOT SOLDERED 7.00 ±0.10 (4 SIDES) 0.75 ±0.05 R = 0.10 TYP R = 0.115 TYP 47 48 0.40 ±0.10 PIN 1 TOP MARK (SEE NOTE 6) 1 2 PIN 1 CHAMFER C = 0.35 5.50 REF (4-SIDES) 5.15 ±0.10 5.15 ±0.10 (UK48) QFN 0406 REV C 0.200 REF 0.00 – 0.05 NOTE: 1. DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE MO-220 VARIATION (WKKD-2) 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.20mm ON ANY SIDE, IF PRESENT 5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED 6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE 0.25 ±0.05 0.50 BSC BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD 234516f Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of itsinformation circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. For more www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 39 LTC2345-16 Typical Application Sense Current from Rail with Amplification 5V 2.49k 1Ω 274Ω – + ILOAD VDD IN0+ IN0– 5V LTC2345-16 LTC6252 REFBUF LOAD 47µF REFIN 0.1µF ONLY CHANNEL 0 SHOWN FOR CLARITY 234516 TA02 Related Parts PART NUMBER ADCs LTC2345-18 DESCRIPTION COMMENTS 18-Bit, 200ksps, 8-Channel Simultaneous Sampling, ±5LSB INL, Serial ADC LTC2348-18/LTC2348-16 18-/16-Bit, 200ksps, 8-Channel Simultaneous Sampling, ±3/±1LSB INL, Serial ADC LTC2378-20/LTC2377-20/ 20-Bit, 1Msps/500ksps/250ksps, ±0.5ppm INL Serial, Low Power ADC LTC2376-20 LTC2338-18/LTC2337-18/ 18-Bit, 1Msps/500ksps/250ksps, Serial, LTC2336-18 Low Power ADC LTC2328-18/LTC2327-18/ 18-Bit, 1Msps/500ksps/250ksps, Serial, LTC2326-18 Low Power ADC LTC2373-18/LTC2372-18 18-Bit, 1Msps/500ksps, 8-Channel, Serial ADC 5V Supply, SoftSpan Inputs with Wide Common Mode Range, 91.8dB SNR, Serial CMOS and LVDS I/O, 7mm × 7mm QFN-48 Package ±10.24V SoftSpan Inputs with Wide Common Mode Range, 97/94dB SNR, Serial CMOS and LVDS I/O, 7mm × 7mm LQFP-48 Package 2.5V Supply, ±5V Fully Differential Input, 104dB SNR, MSOP-16 and 4mm × 3mm DFN-16 Packages 5V Supply, ±10.24V Fully Differential Input, 100dB SNR, MSOP-16 Package 5V Supply, ±10.24V Pseudo-Differential Input, 95dB SNR, MSOP-16 Package 5V Supply, 8 Channel Multiplexed, Configurable Input Range, 100dB SNR, DGC, 5mm × 5mm QFN-32 Package LTC2379-18/LTC2378-18/ 18-Bit,1.6Msps/1Msps/500ksps/250ksps, Serial, 2.5V Supply, Differential Input, 101.2dB SNR, ±5V Input Range, DGC, Pin LTC2377-18/LTC2376-18 Low Power ADC Compatible Family in MSOP-16 and 4mm × 3mm DFN-16 Packages LTC2380-16/LTC2378-16/ 16-Bit, 2Msps/1Msps/500ksps/250ksps, Serial, 2.5V Supply, Differential Input, 96.2dB SNR, ±5V Input Range, DGC, Pin LTC2377-16/LTC2376-16 Low Power ADC Compatible Family in MSOP-16 and 4mm × 3mm DFN-16 Packages LTC2389-18/LTC2389-16 18-Bit/16-Bit, 2.5Msps, Parallel/Serial ADC 5V Supply, Pin-Configurable Input Range, 99.8dB/96dB SNR, Parallel or Serial I/O 7mm × 7mm LQFP-48 and QFN-48 Packages LTC1859/LTC1858/ 16-/14-/12-Bit, 8-Channel, 100ksps, Serial ADC ±10V, SoftSpan, Single-Ended or Differential Inputs, Single 5V Supply, LTC1857 SSOP-28 Package LTC1606/LTC1605 16-Bit, 250ksps/100ksps, Parallel ADC ±10V Input, 5V Supply, 75mW/55mW, SSOP-28 and SO-28 Packages DACs ±1LSB INL/DNL, Software-Selectable Ranges, LTC2756/LTC2757 18-Bit, Serial/Parallel IOUT SoftSpan DAC SSOP-28/7mm × 7mm LQFP-48 Package LTC2668 16-Channel 16-/12-Bit ±10V VOUT SoftSpan DACs ±4LSB INL, Precision Reference 10ppm/°C Max, 6mm × 6mm QFN-40 Package References LTC6655 Precision Low Drift Low Noise Buffered Reference 5V/2.5V/2.048V/1.25V, 2ppm/°C, 0.25ppm Peak-to-Peak Noise, MSOP-8 Package LTC6652 Precision Low Drift Low Noise Buffered Reference 5V/2.5V/2.048V/1.25V, 5ppm/°C, 2.1ppm Peak-to-Peak Noise, MSOP-8 Package Amplifiers 215MHz, 3.5mA/Amplifier, 1.1nV/√Hz LT6236/LT6237/LT6238 Single/Dual/Quad Operational Amplifier with Low Wideband Noise LT6233/LT6234/LT6235 Single/Dual/Quad Low Noise Rail-to-Rail Output 60MHz,1.2mA,1.2nV/√Hz,15V/μs,0.5mV Op Amps LTC6252/LTC6253/ 720MHz, 3.5mA Power Efficient Rail-to-Rail I/O 720MHz GBW, Unity Gain Stable, Low Noise LTC6254 Op Amp 234516f 40 Linear Technology Corporation 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 For more information www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com/LTC2345-16 LT 0216 • PRINTED IN USA LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2016