MPLAB® XC8 USER’S GUIDE FOR EMBEDDED ENGINEERS MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers INTRODUCTION This document presents five code examples for 8-bit devices and the MPLAB XC8 C compiler. Some knowledge of microcontrollers and the C programming language is necessary. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Turn LEDs On or Off Flash LEDs Using _delay() Function Count Up on LEDs Using Interrupts as Delay Display Potentiometer Values on LEDs Using A/D Display EEPROM Data Values on LEDs A B Run Code in MPLAB X IDE Get Software and Hardware 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS50002400A-page 1 MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers 1. TURN LEDS ON OR OFF This example will light alternate LEDs on the Explorer 8 board with a PIC16F1719 microcontroller (MCU). For more information, see Section B. “Get Software and Hardware”. #include <xc.h> see Section 1.1 // PIC16F1719 Configuration Bit Settings // For more on Configuration Bits, // consult your device data sheet see Section 1.2 // CONFIG1 #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config FOSC = ECH WDTE = OFF PWRTE = OFF MCLRE = ON CP = OFF BOREN = ON CLKOUTEN = OFF IESO = ON FCMEN = ON // // // // // // // // // External Clock, 4-20 MHz Watchdog Timer (WDT) disabled Power-up Timer disabled MCLR/VPP pin function is MCLR Flash Memory Code Protection off Brown-out Reset enabled Clock Out disabled. Internal/External Switchover on Fail-Safe Clock Monitor enabled // CONFIG2 #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config WRT = OFF PPS1WAY = ON ZCDDIS = ON PLLEN = OFF STVREN = ON BORV = LO LPBOR = OFF LVP = OFF // // // // // // // // Flash Memory Self-Write Protect off PPS one-way control enabled Zero-cross detect disabled Phase Lock Loop disable Stack Over/Underflow Reset enabled Brown-out Reset low trip point Low-Power Brown Out Reset disabled Low-Voltage Programming disabled void main(void) { unsigned char portValue = 0x05; // Port D access see Section 1.3 ANSELD = 0x0; // set to digital I/O (not analog) TRISD = 0x0; // set all port bits to be output LATD = portValue; // write to port latch - RD[0:3] = LED[0:3] // Port B access ANSELB = 0x0; // set to digital I/O (not analog) TRISB = 0x0; // set all port bits to be output LATB = portValue; // write to port latch - RB[0:3] = LED[4:7] return; } 1.1 Header File <xc.h> This header file allows code in the source file to access compiler- or device-specific features. This and other header files may be found in the MPLAB XC8 installation directory in the include subdirectory. Based on your selected device, the compiler will set macros that allow xc.h to vector to the correct device-specific header file. Do not include a device-specific header in your code or your code will not be portable. DS50002400A-page 2 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers 1.2 Configuration Bits Microchip devices have configuration registers with bits that enable and/or set up device features. Note: If you do not set Configuration bits correctly, your device will not operate at all or at least not as expected. WHICH CONFIGURATION BITS TO SET In particular, you need to look at: • Oscillator selection - This must match your hardware’s oscillator circuitry. If this is not correct, the device clock may not run. Typically, development boards use high-speed crystal oscillators. From the example code: #pragma config FOSC = ECH • Watchdog timer- It is recommended that you disable this timer until it is required. This prevents unexpected Resets. From the example code: #pragma config WDTE = OFF • Code protection - Turn off code protection until it is required. This ensures that device memory is fully accessible. From the example code: #pragma config CP = OFF Different configuration bits may need to be set up to use another 8-bit device (rather than the PIC16F1719 MCU used in this example). See your device data sheet for the number and function of corresponding configuration bits. Use the part number to search http://www.microchip.com for the appropriate data sheet. For more about configuration bits that are available for each device, see the following file in the location where MPLAB XC8 was installed: MPLAB XC8 Installation Directory/docs/chips HOW TO SET CONFIGURATION BITS In MPLAB X IDE, you can use the Configuration Bits window to view and set these bits. Select Window>PIC Memory Views>Configuration Bits to open this window. FIGURE 1: CONFIGURATION WINDOW Once you have the settings you want, click Generate Source Code to Output and then copy the pragma directives from the Output window into your code, as was done in the example code. 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS50002400A-page 3 MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers 1.3 Port Access Digital I/O device pins may be multiplexed with peripheral I/O pins. To ensure that you are using digital I/O only, disable the other peripheral(s). Do this by using the predefined C variables that represent the peripheral registers and bits. These variables are listed in the device-specific header file in the compiler include directory. To determine which peripherals share which pins, refer to your device data sheet. For the example in this section, Port D and Port B pins are multiplexed with peripherals that are disabled by default. The only issue is that the pins default to analog so you will need to set them to digital I/O. For Port D: ANSELD = 0x0; // set to digital I/O (not analog) A device pin is connected to either a digital I/O port (PORT) or latch (LAT) register in the device. For the example, LATD and LATB are used. The variable portValue is assigned a value that is used on both latches. For Port D: LATD = portValue; // write to port latch - RD[0:3] = LED[0:3] In addition, there is a register for specifying the directionality of the pin - either input or output - called a TRIS register. For the example in this section, TRISD and TRISB are used. Setting a bit to 0 makes the pin an output, and setting a bit to 1 makes the pin an input. For Port D: TRISD = 0x0; DS50002400A-page 4 // set all port bits to be output 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers 2. FLASH LEDs USING _delay() FUNCTION This example is a modification of the previous code. Instead of just turning on LEDs, this code will flash alternating LEDs. #include <xc.h> // PIC16F1719 Configuration Bit Settings // For more on Configuration Bits, consult your device data sheet // CONFIG1 #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config FOSC = ECH WDTE = OFF PWRTE = OFF MCLRE = ON CP = OFF BOREN = ON CLKOUTEN = OFF IESO = ON FCMEN = ON // // // // // // // // // External Clock, 4-20 MHz Watchdog Timer (WDT) disabled Power-up Timer disabled MCLR/VPP pin function is MCLR Flash Memory Code Protection off Brown-out Reset enabled Clock Out disabled. Internal/External Switchover on Fail-Safe Clock Monitor enabled // CONFIG2 #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config WRT = OFF PPS1WAY = ON ZCDDIS = ON PLLEN = OFF STVREN = ON BORV = LO LPBOR = OFF LVP = OFF // // // // // // // // Flash Memory Self-Write Protect off PPS one-way control enabled Zero-cross detect disabled Phase Lock Loop disable Stack Over/Underflow Reset enabled Brown-out Reset low trip point Low-Power Brown Out Reset disabled Low-Voltage Programming disabled void main(void) { unsigned char portValue; // Port D access ANSELD = 0x0; // set to digital I/O (not analog) TRISD = 0x0; // set all port bits to be output // Port B access ANSELB = 0x0; // set to digital I/O (not analog) TRISB = 0x0; // set all port bits to be output while(1) { see Section 2.1 portValue = 0x05; LATD = portValue; // write to port latch - RD[0:3] = LED[0:3] LATB = portValue; // write to port latch - RB[0:3] = LED[4:7] // delay value change _delay(25000); see Section 2.2 // delay in instruction cycles portValue = 0x0A; LATD = portValue; // write to port latch - RD[0:3] = LED[0:3]] LATB = portValue; // write to port latch - RB[0:3] = LED[4:7] _delay(25000); // delay in instruction cycles } return; } 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS50002400A-page 5 MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers 2.1 The while() Loop and Variable Values To make the LEDs on Port D and Port B change, a variable portValue is assigned a value in the first part of the loop, and a complementary value in the second part of the loop. To perform the loop, while(1) { } was used. 2.2 The _delay() Function Because the speed of execution will, in most cases, cause the LEDs to flash faster than the eye can see, execution needs to be slowed. _delay()is a built-in function of the compiler. For more details on the delay built-in, see the MPLAB XC8 C Compiler User’s Guide (DS50002053). DS50002400A-page 6 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers 3. COUNT UP ON LEDs USING INTERRUPTS AS DELAY This example is a modification of the previous code. Although the delay loop in the previous example was useful in slowing down loop execution, it created dead time in the program. To avoid this, a timer interrupt can be used. #include <xc.h> // PIC16F1719 Configuration Bit Settings // For more on Configuration Bits, consult your device data sheet // CONFIG1 #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config FOSC = ECH WDTE = OFF PWRTE = OFF MCLRE = ON CP = OFF BOREN = ON CLKOUTEN = OFF IESO = ON FCMEN = ON // // // // // // // // // External Clock, 4-20 MHz Watchdog Timer (WDT) disabled Power-up Timer disabled MCLR/VPP pin function is MCLR Flash Memory Code Protection off Brown-out Reset enabled Clock Out disabled. Internal/External Switchover on Fail-Safe Clock Monitor enabled // CONFIG2 #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config #pragma config WRT = OFF PPS1WAY = ON ZCDDIS = ON PLLEN = OFF STVREN = ON BORV = LO LPBOR = OFF LVP = OFF // // // // // // // // Flash Memory Self-Write Protect off PPS one-way control enabled Zero-cross detect disabled Phase Lock Loop disable Stack Over/Underflow Reset enabled Brown-out Reset low trip point Low-Power Brown Out Reset disabled Low-Voltage Programming disabled // Interrupt function see Section 3.1 void interrupt isr(void){ // only process Timer0-triggered interrupts if(INTCONbits.TMR0IE && INTCONbits.TMR0IF) { // static variable for permanent storage duration static unsigned char portValue; // write to port latches LATD = portValue++; // RD[0:3] = LED[0:3] LATB = (portValue++ >> 4); // RB[0:3] = LED[4:7] // clear this interrupt condition INTCONbits.TMR0IF = 0; } } void main(void){ // Port D access ANSELD = 0x0; // set to digital I/O (not analog) TRISD = 0x0; // set all port bits to be output // Port B access ANSELB = 0x0; // set to digital I/O (not analog) TRISB = 0x0; // set all port bits to be output 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS50002400A-page 7 MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers // Timer0 setup see Section 3.2 OPTION_REG = 0xD7; // timer 0 internal clock, prescaler 1:256 INTCONbits.TMR0IE = 1; // enable interrupts for timer 0 ei(); // enable all interrupts while(1); return; } 3.1 The Interrupt Function isr() Functions are made into interrupt functions by using the interrupt specifier. As this one interrupt function may have to handle multiple interrupt sources, code was added to ensure the counter portValue is only incremented if Timer0 generated the interrupt. 3.2 Timer0 Setup Code also needs to be added to the main routine to enable and set up the timer, enable timer interrupts, and change the latch assignment, now that the variable value changes are performed in the interrupt service routine. To enable all interrupts, ei() is used, defined in xc.h. DS50002400A-page 8 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers 4 DISPLAY POTENTIOMETER VALUES ON LEDS USING A/D This example uses the same device and the Port B and Port D LEDs as the previous example. However, in this example values from a potentiometer on the demo board provide A/D input through Port A that is converted and displayed on the LEDs. Instead of generating code by hand, the MPLAB Code Configurator (MCC) is used. The MCC is a plug-in available for installation under the MPLAB XIDE menu Tools>Plugins, Available Plugins tab. See MPLAB X IDE Help for more on how to install plugins. For information on the MCC, including the MPLAB® Code Configurator User’s Guide (DS40001725), go to the MPLAB Code Configurator web page at: http://www.microchip.com/code_configurator For this example, the MCC GUI was set up as shown in the following graphics. FIGURE 2: 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. ADC PROJECT RESOURCES DS50002400A-page 9 MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers FIGURE 3: DS50002400A-page 10 ADC SYSTEM PROJECT RESOURCE CONFIGURATION 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers FIGURE 4: ADC PROJECT RESOURCE CONFIGURATION FIGURE 5: ADC PROJECT RESOURCE PIN SELECTION AND PIN TABLE 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS50002400A-page 11 MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers DS50002400A-page 12 FIGURE 6: ADC GPIO PROJECT RESOURCE CONFIGURATION FIGURE 7: ADC GPIO PROJECT RESOURCE PIN SELECTION 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers FIGURE 8: ADC GPIO PROJECT RESOURCE PIN TABLE 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS50002400A-page 13 MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers When the code is configured as shown in the previous figures, click the Generate Code button on the MCC tab. Code generated by the MCC is modular. Therefore main, system and peripheral code are all in individual files. Also, each peripheral has its own header file. Note: After you create a main project, you can either add a main.c template file before using MCC or you can let MCC add main.c for you. FIGURE 9: ADC PROJECT TREE FOR CODE GENERATED BY MCC Editing of main.c is always required to add functionality to your program. Review the generated files to find any functions or macros you may need in your code. DS50002400A-page 14 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers 4.1 main.c Modified Code The main.c template file has been edited as shown below. Some comments have been removed as described in < >. Code added to main() is in red. /** Generated Main Source File <See generated main.c file for file information.> */ /* Copyright (c) 2013 - 2015 released Microchip Technology Inc. All rights reserved. <See generated main.c file for additional copyright information.> */ #include "mcc_generated_files/mcc.h" /* Main application */ void main(void) { // initialize the device SYSTEM_Initialize(); // <No interrupts used - see generated main.c file for code.> while (1) { // Start A/D conversion see Section 4.2 ADC_StartConversion(channel_AN0); // Wait for ADC to complete see Section 4.3 while(!ADC_IsConversionDone()); // Write to Port Latches see Section 4.4 LATD = ADRESH; // RD[0:3] = LED[0:3] LATB = (ADRESH >> 4); // RB[0:3] = LED[4:7] } } /** End of File */ 4.2 Start A/D Conversion From the adc.c module, use the function: void ADC_StartConversion(adc_channel_t channel) The variable channel is of typedef adc_channel_t defined in adc.h. For this example, pot input is on RA0, so select channel_AN0. 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS50002400A-page 15 MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers 4.3 Wait for ADC to compete From the adc.c module, use the function: bool ADC_IsConversionDone() This function returns the negated value of the ADCON0bits.GO_nDONE bit (defined in the device header file). However, the actual value of this bit is desired in the main while loop, so the return value is negated again. 4.4 Write to Port Latches As only 8 LEDs are available, just the value from ADRESH is displayed. The lower bits are displayed via LATD on LEDs 0 through 3, and the upper bits are shifted so they can be displayed via LATB on LEDs 4 through 7. DS50002400A-page 16 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers 5. DISPLAY EEPROM DATA VALUES ON LEDS This example uses another Microchip device, the PIC16F1939 MCU, to demonstrate how to write to and read from EEPROM Data (EEData). Read values are displayed on Port D and Port B LEDs. Again, MPLAB Code Configurator (MCC) is used to generate most of the code. To find out how to install and get the user’s guide for MCC, see: Section 4 “Display Potentiometer Values on LEDs Using A/D”. For this example, the MCC GUI was set up as shown in the following graphics. FIGURE 10: 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. EEDATA PROJECT RESOURCES DS50002400A-page 17 MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers FIGURE 11: DS50002400A-page 18 EEDATA SYSTEM PROJECT RESOURCE CONFIGURATION 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers FIGURE 12: EEDATA MEMORY PROJECT RESOURCE CONFIGURATION FIGURE 13: EEDATA GPIO PROJECT RESOURCE CONFIGURATION 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS50002400A-page 19 MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers FIGURE 14: DS50002400A-page 20 EEDATA GPIO PROJECT RESOURCE PIN SELECTION 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers FIGURE 15: EEDATA GPIO PROJECT RESOURCE PIN TABLE 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS50002400A-page 21 MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers After your code is configured as shown in the previous figures, click the Generate Code button on the MCC tab. Code generated by the MCC is modular. Therefore main, system, and peripheral code are all in individual files. Also, each peripheral has its own header file. Note: After you create a main project, you can either add a main.c template file before using MCC or you can let MCC add main.c for you. FIGURE 16: EEDATA PROJECT TREE FOR CODE GENERATED BY MCC Editing of main.c is always required to add functionality to your program. Review the generated files to find any functions or macros you may need in your code. DS50002400A-page 22 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers 5.1 main.c Modified Code The main.c template file has been edited as shown below. Some comments have been removed as described in < >. Code added is in red. /** Generated Main Source File <See generated main.c file for file information.> */ /* Copyright (c) 2013 - 2015 released Microchip Technology Inc. All rights reserved. <See generated main.c file for additional copyright information.> */ #include "mcc_generated_files/mcc.h" #define NUM_EE_VALUES 64 /* Main application */ void main(void) { // initialize the device SYSTEM_Initialize(); // <No interrupts used - see generated main.c file for code.> // Declare RAM array, loop variable see Section 5.2 volatile unsigned char RAMArray[NUM_EE_VALUES]; unsigned char i; // Write initial values to EEPROM Data PIR2bits.EEIF = 0x0; // clear write flag see Section 5.3 for(i=0; i<NUM_EE_VALUES; i++){ DATAEE_WriteByte(_EEADRL_EEADRL_POSN + i, i); while(!PIR2bits.EEIF); // check for write finished PIR2bits.EEIF = 0x0; } while(1){ see Section 5.4 // Read from EEPROM and display for(i=0; i<NUM_EE_VALUES; i++){ RAMArray[i] = DATAEE_ReadByte(_EEADRL_EEADRL_POSN + i); LATD = RAMArray[i]; // RD[0:3] = LED[0:3] LATB = (RAMArray[i] >> 4); // RB[0:3] = LED[4:7] _delay(25000); } // Write to EEPROM in reverse order for(i=0; i<NUM_EE_VALUES; i++){ DATAEE_WriteByte(_EEADRL_EEADRL_POSN + (NUM_EE_VALUES - 1) - i, RAMArray[i]); while(!PIR2bits.EEIF); // check for write finished PIR2bits.EEIF = 0x0; } 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS50002400A-page 23 MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers }; } /** End of File */ 5.2 EEData Associated Variables Variables used to store data from an EEData read or write must match the types specified in the read/write function prototype, referenced from mcc.h and found in memory.h: void DATAEE_WriteByte(uint8_t bAdd, uint8_t bData); uint8_t DATAEE_ReadByte(uint8_t bAdd); From stdint.h (also referenced), uint8_t is the same as unsigned char. 5.3 Write to EEData EEData is written twice in this example: first to initialize values in EEData memory and second to change the data for dynamic display. Writing to EEData takes more than one cycle, so a write-complete flag is used to determine when the write is done (PIR2bits.EEIF). The flag is cleared initially, and again, after each time the write completes. (This flag must be cleared in software.) 5.4 Read from EEData After EEData is written, memory values are read into a RAM array and then displayed on Port D and Port B LEDs. The values in the RAM array are used in this write loop to change the values in EEData memory. Because the speed of execution will, in most cases, cause the LEDs to flash faster than the eye can see, the _delay() function is used again (as in Example 2) to slow execution. DS50002400A-page 24 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers A. RUN CODE IN MPLAB X IDE First, create a project: 1. Launch MPLAB X IDE. 2. From the IDE, launch the New Project Wizard (File>New Project). 3. Follow the screens to create a new project: a) Choose Project: Select “Microchip Embedded”, and then select “Standalone Project”. b) Select Device: Select the example device. c) Select Header: None. d) Select Tool: Select your hardware debug tool, SNxxxxxx. If you do not see a serial number (SN) under your debug tool name, ensure that your debug tool is correctly installed. See your debug tool documentation for details. e) Select Plugin Board: None. f) Select Compiler: Select XC8 (latest version number) [bin location]. If you do not see a compiler under XC8, ensure the compiler is correctly installed and that MPLAB X IDE is aware of it (Tools>Options, Embedded button, Build Tools tab). See MPLAB XC8 and MPLAB X IDE documentation for details g) Select Project Name and Folder: Name the project. Now, create a file to hold the example code: 1. Right click on the project name in the Projects window. Select New>Empty FIle. The New Empty File dialog will open. 2. Under “File name”, enter a name. 3. Click Finish. 4. Cut and paste the example code from this user’s guide into the empty editor window and select File>Save. Build, download to a device, and execute the code by selecting to Debug Run your code. You will see every other LED lit on the demo board. Click Halt to end execution. FIGURE 17: TOOLBAR ICONS DEBUG RUN 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. HALT DS50002400A-page 25 MPLAB® XC8 User’s Guide for Embedded Engineers B. GET SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE For the MPLAB XC8 projects in this document, the Explorer 8 board with either a PIC16F1719 or PIC16F1939 MCU is powered from a 9V external power supply and uses standard (ICSP™) communications. MPLAB X IDE was used for development. B.1 Get MPLAB X IDE and MPLAB XC8 C Compiler MPLAB X IDE can be found at: http://www.microchip.com/mplabx The MPLAB XC8 C compiler can be found at: http://www.microchip.com/mplabxc B.2 Get PIC® MCUs The PIC MCUs used in the examples are available at: http://www.microchip.com/PIC16F1719 http://www.microchip.com/PIC16F1939 B.3 Set Up the Explorer 8 Board The Explorer 8 development board is available at: http://www.microchip.com/explorer8 Jumpers were set up as shown in the following tables. TABLE 1-1: Jumper JUMPER SELECTS FOR PROJECTS Selection Description J2 BRD+5V Power board from power supply (not USB) J14 +5V Device Power level J24 Open +5V used (not 3.3V) J7 Closed Enable LEDs on Port D <RD0:3> J21 Closed Enable LEDs on Port B <RB0:3> J36 OSC1 to RA7 OSC1 CLKIN (8MHz External Oscillator) J37 OSC2 to RA6 OSC2 CLKOUT (8MHz External Oscillator) J51 PGD to RB7 ICSPDAT J52 PGC to RB6 ISCPCLK TABLE 1-2: JUMPER SELECTS NOT USED Jumper Selection Description JP2 Closed LCD not used J22, J23, J53, J54 Open LCD not used J15, J16 Open Digilent Pmod™ Connectors not used J43, J44, J45, J46, J47 Open mikroBUS not used J41, J42, J48, J49, J50 Open mikroBUS not used J4, J31 VCAP RA5, RA4 not used B.4 Get Microchip Debug Tools Emulators and Debuggers may be found on the Development Tools web page: http://www.microchip.com/devtools DS50002400A-page 26 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: • Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. • Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. • There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. • Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. • Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.” Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer’s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual property rights unless otherwise stated. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, FlashFlex, flexPWR, JukeBlox, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, Kleer, LANCheck, MediaLB, MOST, MOST logo, MPLAB, OptoLyzer, PIC, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, RightTouch, SpyNIC, SST, SST Logo, SuperFlash and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. The Embedded Control Solutions Company and mTouch are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, BodyCom, chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, ECAN, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Inter-Chip Connectivity, KleerNet, KleerNet logo, MiWi, MPASM, MPF, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, MultiTRAK, NetDetach, Omniscient Code Generation, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, RightTouch logo, REAL ICE, SQI, Serial Quad I/O, Total Endurance, TSHARC, USBCheck, VariSense, ViewSpan, WiperLock, Wireless DNA, and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Silicon Storage Technology is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology Inc. in other countries. GestIC is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology Germany II GmbH & Co. KG, a subsidiary of Microchip Technology Inc., in other countries. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2015, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. ISBN: 978-1-63277-613-6 QUALITYMANAGEMENTSYSTEM CERTIFIEDBYDNV == ISO/TS16949== 2015 Microchip Technology Inc. Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2009 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified. 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