QLx411GRx Features The QLx411GRx is a settable quad receive-side equalizer with extended functionality for advanced protocols operating with line rates up to 11.3Gb/s such as InfiniBand (SDR, DDR and QDR) and 40G Ethernet (40GBase-CR4). The QLx411GRx compensates for the frequency dependent attenuation of copper twin-axial cables, extending the signal reach up to at least 10m on 28AWG cable. • Supports data rates up to 11.3Gb/s The small form factor, highly-integrated quad design is ideal for high-density data transmission applications including active copper cable assemblies. The four equalizing filters within the QLx411GRx can each be set to provide optimal signal fidelity for a given media and length. The compensation level for each filter is set by two external control pins. • Supports 64b/66b encoded data – long run lengths Operating on a single 1.2V power supply, the QLx411GRx enables per channel throughputs of 10Gb/s to 11.3Gb/s while supporting lower data rates including 8.5, 6.25, 5, 4.25, 3.125, and 2.5Gb/s. The QLx411GRx uses current mode logic (CML) inputs/outputs and is packaged in a 4mmx7mm 46 lead QFN. Individual lane LOS support is included for module applications. • Low power (135mW per channel) • Low latency (<500ps) • Four equalizers in a 4mmx7mm QFN package for straight route-through architecture and simplified routing • Each equalizer boost is independently pin selectable • Line silence preservation • 1.2V supply voltage • Individual lane LOS support Applications • QSFP active copper cable modules • InfiniBand SDR, DDR and QDR • 40G Ethernet (40GBase-CR4) • XAUI and RXAUI • High-speed active cable assemblies • High-speed printed circuit board (PCB) traces Benefits • Thinner gauge cable • Extends cable reach greater than 3x • Improved BER Typical Application Circuit Active Copper Cable Assembly 1.2V Host Channel Adapter 10nF 12 4 100pF VDD EP CP LOS 1.2V 10nF 4 0.1μF OUT1[P,N] IN1[P,N] OUT2[P,N] IN2[P,N] 0.1μF 0.1μF 0.1μF OUT4[P,N] 0.1μF IN3[P,N] IN4[P,N] Fabric Switch November 19, 2009 FN6989.1 100pF DT Connector Paddle Card 1 0.1μF 1.2V 0.1μF 1.2V ≤ 10m 28AWG 10nF Rx4[P,N] OUT3[P,N] OUT2[P,N] 0.1μF 0.1μF Rx1[P,N] Rx2[P,N] QLx411GRx QLx411GRx 0.1μF IN2[P,N] OUT1[P,N] 0.1μF 0.1μF Rx3[P,N] IN1[P,N] IN3[P,N] IN4[P,N] OUT3[P,N] OUT4[P,N] DT 0.1μF 0.1μF Rx3[P,N] Rx4[P,N] Tx1[P,N] Tx2[P,N] Tx3[P,N] Tx4[P,N] 10nF SERDES or Switch 0.1μF 0.1μF 8-Pair Differential 100Ω Twin-Axial Cable SERDES or Switch Rx2[P,N] 100pF LOS CP EP VDD Tx4[P,N] Rx1[P,N] 12 100pF Tx1[P,N] Tx2[P,N] Tx3[P,N] Connector Paddle Card CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc. Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2009. All Rights Reserved All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. QLx411GRx Quad Lane Extender QLx411GRx Ordering Information PART NUMBER (Note) TEMP. RANGE (°C) PART MARKING PACKAGE (Pb-Free) PKG. DWG. # QLX411RIQT7 QLX411RIQ 0 to +70 46 Ld QFN 7” Prod. Tape & Reel; Qty 1,000 L46.4x7 QLX411RIQSR QLX411RIQ 0 to +70 46 Ld QFN 7” Sample Reel; Qty 100 L46.4x7 NOTE: These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and NiPdAu plate - e4 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020. Pin Configuration CP2[A] CP2[B] CP1[B] NC CP1[A] NC NC NC QLx411GRx (46 LD 4x7 QFN) TOP VIEW 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 DT 1 38 NC IN1[P] 2 37 OUT1[P] IN1[N] 3 36 OUT1[N] VDD 4 35 VDD IN2[P] 5 34 OUT2[P] IN2[N] 6 33 OUT2[N] VDD 7 32 VDD EXPOSED PAD (GND) IN3[P] 8 31 OUT3[P] IN3[N] 9 30 OUT3[N] VDD 10 29 VDD IN4[P] 11 28 OUT4[P] IN4[N] 12 27 OUT4[N] LOS1 13 26 LOS3 LOS2 14 25 LOS4 NC 15 24 GND 2 CP4[B] CP4[A] NC CP3[B] CP3[A] NC NC NC 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 FN6989.1 November 19, 2009 QLx411GRx Pin Descriptions PIN NAME PIN NUMBER DT 1 IN1[P,N] 2, 3 VDD DESCRIPTION Detection Threshold. Reference DC voltage threshold for input signal power detection. Data output OUT[k] is muted when the power of the equalized version of IN[k] falls below the threshold. Tie to ground to disable electrical idle preservation and always enable the limiting amplifier. Equalizer 1 differential input, CML. The use of 100nF low ESL/ESR MLCC capacitor with at least 6GHz frequency response is recommended. 4, 7, 10, 29, 32, Power supply. 1.2V supply voltage. The use of parallel 100pF and 10nF decoupling capacitors to 35 ground is recommended for each of these pins for broad high-frequency noise suppression. IN2[P,N] 5, 6 Equalizer 2 differential input, CML. The use of 100nF low ESL/ESR MLCC capacitor with at least 6GHz frequency response is recommended. IN3[P,N] 8, 9 Equalizer 3 differential input, CML. The use of 100nF low ESL/ESR MLCC capacitor with at least 6GHz frequency response is recommended. IN4[P,N] 11, 12 Equalizer 4 differential input, CML. The use of 100nF low ESL/ESR MLCC capacitor with at least 6GHz frequency response is recommended. LOS1 13 LOS indicator 1. High output when equalized IN1 signal is below DT threshold. LOS2 14 LOS indicator 2. High output when equalized IN2 signal is below DT threshold. NC 15, 16, 18, 21, 38, 41, 44, 45, 46 CP3[A,B,] 19, 20 Control pins for setting equalizer 3. CMOS logic inputs. Pins are read as a 3-digit number to set the boost level. A is the MSB, and B is the LSB. Pins are internally pulled down through a 25kΩ resistor. CP4[A,B,] 22, 23 Control pins for setting equalizer 4. CMOS logic inputs. Pins are read as a 3-digit number to set the boost level. A is the MSB, and B is the LSB. Pins are internally pulled down through a 25kΩ resistor. GND 24 This pin should be grounded. LOS4 25 LOS indicator 4. High output when equalized IN1 signal is below DT threshold. LOS3 26 LOS indicator 3. High output when equalized IN2 signal is below DT threshold. OUT4[N,P] 27, 28 Equalizer 4 differential output, CML. The use of 100nF low ESL/ESR MLCC capacitor with at least 6GHz frequency response is recommended. OUT3[N,P] 30, 31 Equalizer 3 differential output, CML. The use of 100nF low ESL/ESR MLCC capacitor with at least 6GHz frequency response is recommended. OUT2[N,P] 33, 34 Equalizer 2 differential output, CML. The use of 100nF low ESL/ESR MLCC capacitor with at least 6GHz frequency response is recommended. OUT1[N,P] 36, 37 Equalizer 1 differential output, CML. The use of 100nF low ESL/ESR MLCC capacitor with at least 6GHz frequency response is recommended. CP2[B,A] 39, 40 Control pins for setting equalizer 2. CMOS logic inputs. Pins are read as a 3-digit number to set the boost level. A is the MSB, and B is the LSB. Pins are internally pulled down through a 25kΩ resistor. CP1[B,A] 42, 43 Control pins for setting equalizer 1. CMOS logic inputs. Pins are read as a 3-digit number to set the boost level. A is the MSB, and B is the LSB. Pins are internally pulled down through a 25kΩ resistor. EXPOSED PAD - Not connected: Do not make any connections to these pins. Exposed ground pad. For proper electrical and thermal performance, this pad should be connected to the PCB ground plane. 3 FN6989.1 November 19, 2009 QLx411GRx Absolute Maximum Ratings Thermal Information Supply Voltage (VDD to GND) . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 1.3V Voltage at All Input Pins . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to VDD + 0.3V ESD Rating at All Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2kV (HBM) Operating Ambient Temperature Range . . . . . . 0°C to +70°C Storage Ambient Temperature Range . . . . -55°C to +150°C Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +125°C Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see link below http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty. Operating Conditions PARAMETER SYMBOL Supply Voltage Operating Ambient Temperature MIN TYP MAX UNITS VDD 1.1 1.2 1.3 V TA 0 25 70 °C 11.3 Gb/s Bit Rate CONDITION NRZ data applied to any channel 2.5 Control Pin Characteristics Typical values are at VDD = 1.2V, TA = +25°C, and VIN = 600mVP-P, unless otherwise noted. VDD = 1.1V to 1.3V, TA = 0°C to +70°C. PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS 0 250 mV VDD mV 100 µA Output LOW Logic Level VOL LOS[k] 0 Output HIGH Logic Level VOH LOS[k] 1000 Input Current Current draw on digital pin, i.e., CP[k][A,B] Electrical Specifications PARAMETER Typical values are at VDD = 1.2V, TA = +25°C, and VIN = 600mVP-P, unless otherwise noted. VDD = 1.1V to 1.3V, TA = 0°C to +70°C. SYMBOL Supply Current IDD Cable Input Amplitude Range VIN 30 CONDITION MIN TYP MAX 360 Measured differentially at data source before encountering channel loss UNITS NOTES mA 600 1200 1600 mVP-P DC Differential Input Resistance Measured on input channel IN[k] 80 100 120 Ω DC Single-Ended Input Resistance Measured on input channel IN[k]P or IN[k]N 40 50 60 Ω 1 Input Return Loss (Differential) SDD11 100MHz to 7.5GHz 8 dB 2 Input Return Loss (Common Mode) SCC11 100MHz to 7.5GHz 8 dB 2 Input Return Loss (Com. to Diff. Conversion) SDC11 100MHz to 7.5GHz 20 dB 2 Output Amplitude Range VOUT Differential Output Impedance Measured differentially at OUT[k]P and OUT[k]N with 50Ω load on both output pins Measured on OUT[k] 450 600 650 mVP-P 80 105 120 Ω Output Return Loss (Differential) SDD22 100MHz to 7.5GHz 8 dB 2 Output Return Loss (Common Mode) SCC22 100MHz to 7.5GHz 8 dB 2 Output Return Loss (Com. to Diff. Conversion) SDC22 100MHz to 7.5GHz 20 dB 2 4 FN6989.1 November 19, 2009 QLx411GRx Electrical Specifications PARAMETER SYMBOL Output Residual Jitter Output Transition Time Typical values are at VDD = 1.2V, TA = +25°C, and VIN = 600mVP-P, unless otherwise noted. VDD = 1.1V to 1.3V, TA = 0°C to +70°C. (Continued) CONDITION 10Gb/s; Up to 10m 28AWG standard twin-axial cable (approx. -27dB @ 5GHz); 1200mVP-P ≤ VIN ≤ 1600mVP-P tr, tf 20% to 80% Lane-to-Lane Skew MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES 0.25 UI 1, 3, 4 35 ps 5 50 ps 500 ps Propagation Delay From IN[k] to OUT[k] LOS Assert Time Time to assert Loss-of-Signal (LOS) indicator when transitioning from active data mode to line silence mode 50 µs 6 LOS De-Assert Time Time to de-assert Loss-of-Signal (LOS) indicator when transitioning from line silence mode to active data mode 50 µs 6 Data-to-Line Silence Response Time Time to transition from active data to line silence (muted output) on 20m 28AWG standard twin-axial cable at 5Gb/s 50 µs 6 Line Silence-to-Data Response Time Time to transition from line silence mode (muted output) to active data on 20m 28AWG standard twin-axial cable at 5Gb/s 50 µs 6 NOTES: 1. After channel loss, differential amplitudes at QLx411GRx inputs must meet the input voltage range specified in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” on page 4. 2. Temperature = +25°C, VDD = 1.2V. 3. Output residual jitter is the difference between the total jitter at the lane extender output and the total jitter of the transmitted signal (as measured at the input to the channel). Total jitter (TJ) is DJpp + 14.1 x RJRMS. 4. Measured using a PRBS 27-1 pattern. Deterministic jitter at the input to the lane extender is due to frequency-dependent, media-induced loss only. 5. Rise and fall times measured using a 1GHz clock with a 20ps edge rate. 6. For active data mode, cable input amplitude is 300mVP-P (differential) or greater. For line silence mode, cable input amplitude is 20mVP-P (differential) or less. 5 FN6989.1 November 19, 2009 QLx411GRx Typical Performance Characteristics Performance is measured using the test setup illustrated in Figure 1. The signal from the pattern generator is launched into the twin-ax cable using an SMA/CX4 adapter card. The chip evaluation board is connected to the output of the cable through another adapter card. The QLx411GRx output signal is then visualized on a scope to determine signal integrity parameters such as jitter (Note 7). Pattern Generator SMA Adapter Card 100Ω Twin-Axial Cable SMA Adapter Card QLx411GRx Eval Board Oscilloscope FIGURE 1. DEVICE CHARACTERIZATION SET UP FIGURE 2. JITTER vs CABLE LENGTH AT 10Gb/s (BOOST LEVELS 0-3) FIGURE 3. QLx411GRx 10Gb/s OUTPUT FOR A 10M 28AWG CABLE NOTE: 7. Prior to the tapeout, the data in Figures 2 and 3 represents simulations approximating the conditions of setup in Figure 1, not measured data. 6 FN6989.1 November 19, 2009 QLx411GRx FIGURE 4. FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM OF A SINGLE CHANNEL WITHIN THE QLx411GRx Operation The QLx411GRx is an advanced quad lane-extender for high-speed interconnects. A functional diagram of one of the four channels in the QLx411GRx is shown in Figure 4. In addition to a robust equalization filter to compensate for channel loss and restore signal fidelity, the QLx411GRx contains unique integrated features to preserve special signaling protocols typically broken by other equalizers. The signal detect function is used to mute the channel output when the equalized signal falls below the level determined by the Detection Threshold (DT) pin voltage. This function is intended to preserve periods of line silence (“quiescent state” in InfiniBand contexts). Furthermore, the output of the signal detect/DT comparator is used as a loss of signal (LOS) indicator to indicate the absence of a received signal. As illustrated in Figure 4, the core of each high-speed signal path in the QLx411GRx is a sophisticated equalizer followed by a limiting amplifier. The equalizer compensates for skin loss, dielectric loss, and impedance discontinuities in the transmission channel. Each equalizer is followed by a limiting amplification stage that provides a clean output signal with full amplitude swing and fast rise-fall times for reliable signal decoding in a subsequent receiver. Individually Adjustable Equalization Boost Each channel in the QLx411GRx features an independently settable equalizer for custom signal restoration. The flexibility of this adjustable compensation architecture enables signal fidelity to be optimized on a channel-by-channel basis, providing support for a wide variety of channel characteristics and data rates ranging from 2.5Gb/s to 11.3Gb/s. Because the boost level is externally set rather than internally adapted, the QLx411GRx provides reliable communication from the very first bit transmitted. There is no time needed for adaptation and control loop convergence. Furthermore, there are no pathological data patterns that will cause the QLx411GRx to move to an incorrect boost level. 7 FIGURE 5. GAIN PROFILE FOR VARIOUS BOOST SETTINGS IN QLx411GRx Control Pin Boost Setting The connectivity of the CP pins is used to determine the boost level of each channel. Table 1 defines the mapping from the 2-bit CP word to the 5 possible boost levels. TABLE 1. MAPPING BETWEEN BOOST LEVEL AND CPPIN CONNECTIVITY CP[A] CP[B] BOOST LEVEL 25kΩ 25kΩ 0 25kΩ Open 1 25kΩ 0Ω 2 Open 25kΩ 3 Open Open 4 FN6989.1 November 19, 2009 QLx411GRx CML Input and Output Buffers Line Silence/Quiescent Mode The input and output buffers for the high-speed data channels in the QLx411GRx are implemented using CML. Equivalent input and output circuits are shown in Figures 6 and 7. Line silence is commonly broken by the limiting amplification in other equalizers. This disruption can be detrimental in many systems that rely on line silence as part of the protocol. The QLx411GRx contains special lane management capabilities to detect and preserve periods of line silence while still providing the fidelityenhancing benefits of limiting amplification during active data transmission. Line silence is detected by measuring the amplitude of the equalized signal and comparing that to a threshold set by the voltage at the DT pin. When the amplitude falls below the threshold, the output driver stages are muted and held at their nominal common mode voltage1. VDD IN[k] P 50Ω Buffer 50Ω IN[k] N FIGURE 6. CML INPUT EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT FOR THE QLx411GRx LOS Indicator Pins LOS[k] are used to output the state of the muting circuitry to serve as a loss of signal indicator for channel k. This signal is directly derived from the muting signal off the DT-threshold signal detector output. The LOS signal goes HIGH when the power signal is below the DT threshold and LOW when the power goes above the DT threshold. This feature is meant to be used in optical systems (e.g. QSFP) where there are no quiescent or electrical-idle states. In these cases, the DT threshold is used to determine the sensitivity of the LOS indicator. VDD 50Ω 50Ω OUT[k] P OUT[k] N FIGURE 7. CML OUTPUT EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT FOR THE QLx411GRx 1. The output common mode voltage remains constant during both active data transmission and output muting modes 8 FN6989.1 November 19, 2009 QLx411GRx Typical Application Reference Design Figure 8 shows reference design schematics for a QLx411GRx evaluation board with an SMA connector interface. 100pF* 10nF 1.2V CP2[B] CP2[A] CP1[B] 43 40 NC 44 39 34 7 32 8 31 9 30 10 29 11 28 12 27 13 26 14 25 15 24 OUT1[P] OUT1[N] 1.2V OUT2[P] OUT2[N] 1.2V OUT3[P] OUT3[N] 1.2V OUT4[P] OUT4[N] LOS3 LOS4 GND CP4[B] EQ Boost Control for Channels 3 and 4 = SMA Connector Bypass circuit for each VDD pin: 4, 7, 10, 29, 32, 35 (*100pF capacitor should be positioned closest to the pin) Loss of signal indicator (Channels 3 and 4) 23 33 22 6 CP3[A] Loss of signal indicator (Channels 1 and 2) QLx411GRx 5 21 LOS2 35 CP4[A] LOS1 4 20 IN4[N] 36 CP3[B] 1.2V IN4[P] 41 NC 45 CP1[A] IN3[P] IN3[N] 3 19 1.2V 37 18 IN2[P] IN2[N] 2 17 1.2V A 38 NC IN1[N] 42 NC EQ Boost Control for Channels 1 and 2 1 NC IN1[P] 16 DT NC 10nF 100pF Detection threshold reference voltage 46 1.2V A) DC Blocking Capacitors = X7R or COG 0.1µF (>6GHz bandwidth) QLx411GRx LANE EXTENDER Reference Control Pin Mode Quellan, Inc. FIGURE 8. APPLICATION CIRCUIT FOR THE QLx411GRx EVALUATION BOARD SHOWING THE USE OF THE CONTROL PINS FOR SETTING THE EQUALIZER COMPENSATION LEVEL 9 FN6989.1 November 19, 2009 QLx411GRx About Q:ACTIVE® Intersil has long realized that to enable the complex server clusters of next generation datacenters, it is critical to manage the signal integrity issues of electrical interconnects. To address this, Intersil has developed its groundbreaking Q:ACTIVE® product line. By integrating its analog ICs inside cabling interconnects, Intersil is able to achieve unsurpassed improvements in reach, power consumption, latency, and cable gauge size as well as increased airflow in tomorrow’s datacenters. This new technology transforms passive cabling into intelligent “roadways” that yield lower operating expenses and capital expenditures for the expanding datacenter. Intersil Lane Extenders allow greater reach over existing cabling while reducing the need for thicker cables. This significantly reduces cable weight and clutter, increases airflow, and improves power consumption. For additional products, see www.intersil.com/product_tree Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems as noted in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/design/quality Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries. For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com 10 FN6989.1 November 19, 2009 QLx411GRx Package Outline Drawing L46.4x7 46 LEAD THIN QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE (TQFN) Rev 0, 9/09 2.80 4.00 42X 0.40 A B 46 39 6 PIN 1 INDEX AREA 7.00 38 5.50 ±0.1 Exp. DAP 5.60 15 24 (4X) 6 PIN 1 INDEX AREA 1 0.05 46X 0.20 4 0.10 M C A B SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW 16 23 2.50 ±0.1 Exp. DAP 46X 0.40 BOTTOM VIEW SEE DETAIL "X" 0.10 C 0.70 ±0.05 C SEATING PLANE 0.05 C SIDE VIEW C 0.152 REF 5 0 . 00 MIN. 0 . 05 MAX. DETAIL "X" ( 3.80 ) ( 2.50) NOTES: ( 6.80 ) ( 42X 0.40) ( 5.50 ) 1. Dimensions are in millimeters. Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only. 2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994. 3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05 4. Dimension applies to the metallized terminal and is measured between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip. 5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature. 6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be (46X 0.20) either a mold or mark feature. ( 46 X 0.60) TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN 11 FN6989.1 November 19, 2009