DATASHEET

ISL6534
®
Data Sheet
November 18, 2005
FN9134.2
Dual PWM with Linear
Features
The ISL6534 is a versatile triple regulator that has two
independent synchronous-rectified buck controllers with
integrated 12V gate drivers (OUT1 and OUT2) and a linear
controller (OUT3) to offer precision regulation of up to three
voltage rails. An optional shunt regulator allows 12V only
operation, when a 5V supply is not available.
• Two Synchronous-Rectified Buck Controllers
- Voltage Mode Control
- VIN Range up to 12V
- VOUT Range from 0.6V to 6V
- 12V LGATE Drivers; up to 12V Boot Strap for UGATE
Each controller has independent soft-start and enable
functions combined on a single pin. A capacitor from each
SS/EN pin to ground sets the soft-start time, and pulling
SS/EN below 1.0V disables the controller. The SS/EN pins
can be controlled independently or they can be ganged
together to provide complete control of start-up coordination.
The PGOOD function indicates when all regulators have
completed their soft-start and provides an indication of shortcircuit conditions on either switching regulator.
There are two ways to control the switching frequency of the
PWM regulators. The default switching frequency is 300kHz
(FS_SYNC to ground). A resistor from FS_SYNC to ground
increases the switching frequency (up to 1MHz). Connecting
the gate signal from another PWM IC synchronizes the
ISL6534 switchers to the frequency of the other controller.
This allows independent regulators operating at a common
frequency to avoid low-frequency beats. The gate drivers for
DDR mode can be staggered by 90° in order to minimize
cross-conduction.
Switcher OUT1 has an internal reference for regulating any
voltage down to 0.6V. OUT2 has current sinking capability
and an external reference input allowing convenient
connection to OUT1 through a resistor divider for DDRAM
applications. The 3.3V reference pin provides the option for
independent regulation of OUT2. The linear controller drives
an external N-Channel MOSFET, making the ISL6534 one of
the most versatile regulators available.
Simplified Block Diagram
SS1/EN1
COMP1
FB1
OUT1
PWM CONTROLLER
SS2/EN2
REFIN
FB2
COMP2
OUT2
PWM CONTROLLER
BOOT1
UGATE1
LGATE1
• Switcher References
- 0.6V Reference for OUT1
- 3.3V Reference Output for OUT2
- External Reference Input for OUT2
- Buffered VTT Reference Output
• Switcher Clocking
- Phase Options for Optimal Clock Relationship
- Resistor-Selectable Switching Frequency (300kHz
default; Resistor to Ground for 300kHz to 1MHz range)
- Synchronization-Capable Switching Frequency
(Connect FS_SYNC to Separate Regulator)
• Single Linear Controller
- Drives N-Channel MOSFET
- 0.6V Reference
- VIN Range up to 12V
- VOUT Range from 0.6V to 3.3V
• 12V and 5V Supplies Required (but optional shunt
regulator can generate VCC = 5.8V from 12V)
• Three Independent Soft-Start/Enable Pins
- Gang Together or Control Independently
• PGOOD Output Indicates All Outputs Available
• Thermally Enhanced QFN or TSSOP Package
• QFN Package:
- Compliant to JEDEC PUB95 MO-220
QFN - Quad Flat No Leads - Package Outline
- Near Chip Scale Package footprint, which improves
PCB efficiency and has a thinner profile
• Pb-Free Plus Anneal Available (RoHS Compliant)
BOOT2
UGATE2
LGATE2
REFOUT
VREF
SS3/EN3
FB3
3.3V
OUT3
LINEAR CONTROLLER
1
PGOOD
FS/SYNC
DRIVE3
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2004, 2005. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ISL6534
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
PART MARKING
TEMP. (°C)
PACKAGE
PKG. DWG. #
ISL6534CV
ISL6534CV
0 to 70
24 Ld EPTSSOP (exposed pad)
M24.173B
ISL6534CVZ (See Note)
ISL6534CVZ
0 to 70
24 Ld EPTSSOP (exposed pad) (Pb-free)
M24.173B
ISL6534CR
ISL6534CR
0 to 70
32 Ld 5x5 QFN
L32.5x5
ISL6534CRZ (See Note)
ISL6534CRZ
0 to 70
32 Ld 5x5 QFN (Pb-free)
L32.5x5
ISL6534EVAL2
EVAL board
NOTE: Intersil Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate
termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free products are MSL
classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
Add “-T” suffix for tape and reel.
Pinouts
COMP1 2
23 BOOT1
COMP2
COMP1
FB1
VCC
NC
NC
BOOT1
32 LD 5x5 QFN
TOP VIEW
FB2
24 LD EPTSSOP
TOP VIEW
COMP2 3
22 UGATE1
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
FB1 1
24 VCC
FB2 4
21 VCC12
24 UGATE1
NC
2
23 PGND_1
18 PGND
17 UGATE2
REFOUT
3
22 VCC12_1
16 BOOT2
SS1/EN1
4
GND
21 LGATE1
BOTTOM
SIDE PAD
20 LGATE2
14 PGOOD
SS3/EN3
6
19 VCC12_2
VREF
7
18
DRIVE3
8
17 NC
13 FS_SYNC
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
BOOT2
5
NC
FB3 12
SS2/EN2
UGATE2
DRIVE3 11
15 GND
GND
VREF 10
PGOOD
SS3/EN3 9
19 LGATE2
FS_SYNC
GND
BOTTOM
SIDE PAD
FB3
SS1/EN1 7
SS2/EN2 8
1
NC
REFOUT 6
REFIN
20 LGATE1
REFIN 5
PGND_2
NOTES:
1. BOOT2 and UGATE2 are different order in QFN.
2. NC is No Connect
2
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Block Diagram
VCC
VREF
VCC12
VCC5
VCC5
POWER
ON
RESET
AND CONTROL
30µA
5.8V
BOOT1
REFERENCE
BIAS CURRENT
SS1/EN1
VCC5
OUTPUT1
DRIVERS
GATE CONTROL
LOGIC
3.3V
0.6V
30µA
3.3V
UGATE1
DEAD-TIME
CONTROL
SS2/EN2
LGATE1
VCC5
30µA
SS3/EN3
CLOCK AND
SAWTOOTH
GENERATOR
3.3V
BOOT2
PGOOD =
all 3 SS ramps done
with no COMP short
OUTPUT2
DRIVERS
GATE CONTROL
LOGIC
UGATE2
DEAD-TIME
CONTROL
LGATE2
PGOOD
FS/SYNC
COMP1
3.3V
0.6V
MONITOR
COMP PINS
FOR SHORTS
REFIN
REFOUT
1-2 CLOCK
CYCLE
FILTER
FB1
IF SHORT > FILTER,
SHUT DOWN ALL
3 OUTPUTS
0.6V
FB2
FB3
COMP2
DRIVE3
GND
PGND
FIGURE 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM
3
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Typical Application, DDRAM Controller
ISL6534
DDR MODE
VOLTAGE INPUTS REQUIRED
VOLTAGE OUTPUTS
VCC12 (12V)
VOUT1
VCC12
VCC
VCC (5V OR 5.8V FROM SHUNT)
VIN1, VBS1
VOUT2
VOUT3
OPTIONAL R FOR
SHUNT REGULATOR
VIN2, VBS2
VIN3
VCC12
VBS1
VCC
VCC12
COMP1
VIN1
BOOT1
VOUT1
FB1
UGATE1
VOUT1
LGATE1
COMP2
VOUT2
FB2
VCC12
VBS2
ISL6534
BOOT2
VOUT1 (DDR)
REFIN
VIN2 = VOUT1 (DDR)
OR OTHER
UGATE2
VOUT2
VCC
VTTREF
REFOUT
VREF
LGATE2
VREF
PGOOD
VIN3
FS/SYNC
SS1/EN1
DDR
DRIVE3
SS2/EN2
SS3/EN3
GND
FB3
VOUT3
PGND
NOTE: Not all components are necessary in all applications.
FIGURE 2. TYPICAL APPLICATION, DDRAM CONTROLLER
4
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Typical Application, Independent Mode
ISL6534
INDEPENDENT MODE
VOLTAGE INPUTS REQUIRED
VOLTAGE OUTPUTS
VCC12 (12V)
VOUT1
VCC12
VCC
VCC (5V OR 5.8V FROM SHUNT)
VIN1, VBS1
VOUT2
VOUT3
OPTIONAL R FOR
SHUNT REGULATOR
VIN2, VBS2
VIN3
VCC12
VBS1
VCC12
VCC
COMP1
VIN1
BOOT1
VOUT1
FB1
UGATE1
VOUT1
LGATE1
COMP2
VOUT2
FB2
VCC12
VBS2
ISL6534
BOOT2
VREF (IND)
VIN2
REFIN
UGATE2
VCC
VOUT2
VTTREF
REFOUT
LGATE2
VREF
VREF
PGOOD
VIN3
FS/SYNC
SS1/EN1
DRIVE3
SS2/EN2
IND
SS3/EN3
GND
FB3
VOUT3
PGND
NOTE: Not all components are necessary in all applications.
FIGURE 3. TYPICAL APPLICATION, INDEPENDENT MODE
5
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage (VCC12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to 14.0V
Supply Voltage (VCC, separate supply). . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to 5.5V
Supply Voltage (VCC, shunt regulator) . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to 6.0V
UGATE1, UGATE2, BOOT1, BOOT2 . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to 36V
LGATE1, LGATE2, DRIVE3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to VCC12
FS_SYNC (through 10k resistor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to 12V
REFIN, REFOUT, PGOOD, VREF. . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to VCC
FB1, COMP1, FB2, COMP2, FB3 . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to VCC
SS1/EN1, SS2/EN2, SS3/EN3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to VCC
PGND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to GND + 0.3V
ESD Rating
Human Body Model (Per MIL-STD-883 Method 3015.7) . . .1500V
Machine Model (Per EIAJ ED-4701 Method C-111) . . . . . . . .100V
Charged Device Model (Per EOS/ESD DS5.3, 4/14/93) . . .1000V
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Notes 3, 4) θJA (°C/W) θJC (°C/W)
TSSOP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
4
QFN Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
4
Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . . . . . . . 150°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . -65°C to 150°C
Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300°C
Operating Conditions
Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0°C to 70°C
VCC12 Supply Voltage Range (Typical) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12V ±1.2V
VCC Supply Voltage Range (Typical) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5V ±0.25V
VCC Shunt Regulator Voltage Range (Typical) . . . . . . . 5.8V ±0.2V
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTES:
3. θJA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See
Tech Brief TB379.
4. For θJC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
Electrical Specifications
Operating Conditions: VCC = 5V, VCC12 = 12V, TA = 0°C to 70°C, Unless Otherwise Specified
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
INPUT SUPPLY POWER
Input Supply Current (Quiescent)
Input Supply Current (Dynamic)
VCC; outputs disabled
4
mA
VCC12; outputs disabled
6
mA
VCC12; UGATEs, LGATEs CL = 1nF, 300kHz
50
mA
VCC; UGATEs, LGATEs CL = 1nF, 300kHz
7
mA
Shunt Regulator Output Voltage
40mA current; ~equivalent to 150Ω resistor VCC to 12V
5.6
5.8
6.0
Shunt Regulator Current
150Ω resistor VCC to 12V
Power-On Reset Threshold
VCC rising
4.15
4.23
4.5
V
VCC falling
3.8
4.0
4.15
V
40
V
mA
VCC12 rising
7.8
V
VCC12 falling
7.3
V
SYSTEM ACCURACY
Output 1 (measured at FB1)
VCC = 4.75 to 5.25V; TA = 0°C to 70°C; (Note 5)
0.5997 0.6070 0.6142
V
Output 3 (measured at FB3)
VCC = 4.75 to 5.25V; TA = 0°C to 70°C; (Note 5)
0.6027 0.6100 0.6173
V
Output 1 (measured at FB1)
VCC = ~5.8V (@ 20mA shunt current); TA = 0°C to 70°C; (Note 5) 0.6027 0.6100 0.6173
V
Output 3 (measured at FB3)
VCC = ~5.8V (@ 20mA shunt current); TA = 0°C to 70°C; (Note 5) 0.6057 0.6130 0.6203
V
Min Output Voltage (VOUT1, VOUT2)
(Note 9)
0.6
V
Max Output Voltage (VOUT1, VOUT2) (Note 9)
6.0
V
OSCILLATOR
Accuracy
-20
Frequency
FS_SYNC pin to GND
240
Adjustment Range
FS_SYNC pin: resistor to GND; (see Figure 12 for curves)
300
Sawtooth Amplitude
(Note 7)
Duty-Cycle Range
%
360
kHz
1000
kHz
2.1
0
6
300
20
V
87.5
%
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Electrical Specifications
Operating Conditions: VCC = 5V, VCC12 = 12V, TA = 0°C to 70°C, Unless Otherwise Specified (Continued)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
ERROR AMPLIFIER (OUT1 and OUT2)
Open-Loop Gain
RL = 10kΩ to ground; (Note 7)
85
dB
Open-Loop Bandwidth
CL = 100pF, RL = 10kΩ to ground; (Note 7)
15
MHz
Slew Rate
CL = 100pF, RL = 10kΩ to ground; (Note 7)
4
V/µs
EA Offset
COMP1/2 to FB1/2; compare to internal VREF/REFIN; (Note 7)
2
mV
Maximum Output Voltage
VCC = 5V; RL = 10kΩ to ground; (may trip short-circuit)
4.1
V
Output High Source Current
COMP1/2
-8
mA
Output Low Sink Current
COMP1/2
6
mA
3.6
PROTECTION AND MONITOR
Undervoltage Threshold (COMP1 and
COMP2)
Causes PGOOD to go low; if there for a filter time,
Implies the COMP pin(s) is out -of-range, and shuts down IC
3.3
V
UV Filter Time
Based on internal oscillator clock frequency
(nominal 300kHz = 3.3µs clock period)
1-2
clock
pulses
PGOOD Low Voltage
IPGOOD = 2mA
0.1
Min Output Voltage
(As determined by resistor divider into FB3); (Note 8)
0.6
V
Max Output Voltage
(As determined by resistor divider into FB3); (Note 8)
3.3
V
EA Offset
DRIVE3 to FB3; compare to internal VREF; (Note 7)
2
mV
9
V
DRIVE3 High Output Source Current
0.4
mA
DRIVE3 Low Output Sink Current
0.4
mA
0.3
V
LINEAR REGULATOR (OUT3)
DRIVE3 High Output Voltage
VREF
Output Voltage
VCC = 4.75 to 5.25V; TA = 0°C to 70°C; (Note 5)
1.1µF max capacitance
3.244
3.307
3.370
V
Output Voltage
VCC = ~5.8V (@ 20mA shunt current); TA = 0°C to 70°C; (Note 5)
3.285
3.335
3.385
V
2.0
mA
-2.5
+2.5
mV
0.6
VCC1.8
V
Source Current
REFIN
Input Offset Voltage
Common Mode Input Range
VCC can be external or internal shunt regulator voltage
REFOUT (VTTREF)
Min Output Voltage
Determined by REFIN voltage
0.6
V
Max Output Voltage
Determined by REFIN voltage
3.3
V
Offset Voltage
REFIN = 3.3V
Source Current
-10
+10
mV
0.2
20
mA
0.48
mA
Sink Current
Min Output Capacitance
External
0.4
µF
Max Output Capacitance
External
2.2
µF
Output High Voltage Minimum
To select 0 degree phase; (see Table 1)
4.7
7
VCC
V
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Electrical Specifications
Operating Conditions: VCC = 5V, VCC12 = 12V, TA = 0°C to 70°C, Unless Otherwise Specified (Continued)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
ENABLE/SOFT-START (SS/EN 1, 2, 3)
Enable Threshold
EN Rising
1.05
V
EN falling
0.95
V
6
µs
-30
µA
3.3V
V
Noise Immunity (noise de-glitch)
(Note 7)
Soft-Start Current
ISS
Soft-Start High Voltage
End of ramp
Output High Voltage
To select DDR mode; (see Table 1)
4.7
VCC
V
FS/SYNC PLL
Min Frequency Range of Lock-In
300
kHz
Max Frequency Range of Lock-In
1000
kHz
Use a 10k series resistor (from LG pin of another IC, for example)
12
V
Maximum DC Voltage with respect to GND; also depends upon
VIN, Phase, VOUT, and threshold of NFET; ringing should not
exceed max rating of BOOT (36V)
27
V
Output Voltage
UGATE1, UGATE2; DC maximum voltage
27
V
Output Voltage
LGATE1, LGATE2; DC maximum voltage = VCC12
13.2
V
Upper Driver Source Resistance
UGATE1, UGATE2 = 3V; BOOT = 12V; IGATE = 100mA
2
Ω
Lower Driver Source Resistance
LGATE1, LGATE2 = 3V; IGATE = 100mA
2
Ω
Upper Driver Sink Resistance
UGATE1, UGATE2 = 3V; BOOT = 12V; IGATE = 100mA
2.8
Ω
Lower Driver Sink Resistance
LGATE1, LGATE2 = 3V; IGATE = 100mA
2.8
Ω
UGATE Rise Time
10% - 90%; 2nF Load; BOOT = 12V
17
ns
UGATE Fall Time
90% - 10%; 2nF Load; BOOT = 12V
17
ns
UGATE Rise Time
10% - 90%; 2nF Load; BOOT = 24V
27
ns
UGATE Fall Time
90% - 10%; 2nF Load; BOOT = 24V
25
ns
LGATE Rise Time
10% - 90%; 2nF Load
17
ns
LGATE Fall Time
90% - 10%; 2nF Load
17
ns
Maximum High Voltage
BOOT PINS (BOOT1, 2)
High Voltage
GATE DRIVERS
GATE DRIVERS SWITCHING TIME
NOTES:
5. Operating range is: 12V ±10%; 5V ±5% for no shunt regulator; 12V ±10%; VCC5 = ~5.8V (approximate shunt voltage at a shunt current of
20mA). The accuracy specs are slightly different for the two cases.
6. Thermal comments.
7. Design guidance only; not production tested.
8. The maximum output voltage of VOUT3 can go higher than 3.3V, with the proper precautions. These include making sure: the input voltage is
higher than the desired output, with sufficient current available; the DRIVE3 voltage can go high enough to drive the FET, with an acceptable
VGS for the load current desired; the FET is chosen and mounted to handle the power dissipation at full load.
9. The maximum output voltage of VOUT1 and VOUT2 is determined by the following factors: the VIN (usually 12V or less; take into account its
min and max variation as well); the maximum duty cycle (with a perfect 12V input, that limits the output to 10.5V); the bootstrap voltage used;
the FETs chosen. Since the upper FET will be on most of the time, it must be sized accordingly. The output capacitors also need to be rated for
the higher voltage.
8
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Pin Description
to GND is compared to a reference voltage (0.6V for OUT1
and OUT3; REFIN pin for OUT2). The compensation
components also connect to these pins.
VCC
This power pin supplies bias to the control functions. It can
be connected to a nominal 5V (±5%) supply, or it can
function as a shunt regulator (nominal 5.8V), with an
external pull-up resistor (nominally 150Ω to 12V).
GND
This pin is the signal ground for the IC. The metal thermal
pad under both packages is connected to the GND potential
(through the IC substrate; the pad does NOT substitute for
the GND pin connection). But the GND pin and the metal
pad should be connected together on the board, and tied to
a good GND plane (both for electrical and thermal
conduction). The thermal pad on both packages limits metal
interconnect traces underneath the package.
VCC12 (QFN: VCC12_1, VCC12_2)
This power pin (nominal 12V) supplies the output gate
drivers, as well as some other control functions.
The QFN package has two power pins; one for each
switcher. They are electrically connected internally, but allow
for separate decoupling caps to better isolate the switching
noise, if necessary. Even if they share one capacitor, they
should both be connected externally, for lower resistance.
PGND (QFN: PGND_1, PGND_2)
This pin is the Power GND for the gate drive circuits. It is not
directly tied to GND inside the IC; it should be tied to GND
on the board.
The QFN package has two Power GNDs; one local to each
switcher; both should be connected externally to the GND
plane on the board.
SS1/EN1, SS2/EN2, SS3/EN3
These analog input pins have two functions. A 30µA current
source charges an external capacitor (to GND), to provide a
soft-start timing ramp; their respective Output voltage will
follow the ramp voltage as it powers up. The 2nd function is
Enable; when the input is left open (with the soft-start cap),
the respective output will be Enabled after the ramp reaches
the 1V level. If the input is pulled to a low logic level, the
output will be disabled.
SS2/EN2 also has a special mode function; see Table 1.
Tying it to VCC (5V) selects the DDR mode (where both
OUT1 and OUT2 share the SS1 ramp); otherwise it will be in
the Independent mode.
COMP1, COMP2
These analog output pins are used to externally compensate
the error amplifiers for their respective regulators.
FB1, FB2, FB3
UGATE1, UGATE2
These output pins provide the gate drive for the upper
MOSFETs of OUT1 and OUT2 respectively; the voltage
comes from its bootstrap pin, typically 12V (minus the diode
drop) above the VCC12 pin.
LGATE1, LGATE2
These output pins provide the gate drive for the lower
MOSFETs of OUT1 and OUT2 respectively; the voltage
comes from VCC12.
BOOT1, BOOT2
These pins feed the bootstrap voltage (externally generated
with a diode and a capacitor) to the upper MOSFETs,
through the UGATE pins. Either BOOT pin can be connected
directly to a power supply instead (but only if the VIN voltage
of the regulator is sufficiently lower than that supply, such
that the FETs have enough gate-source voltage).
REFIN
This analog input is used as the reference voltage for OUT2
(the error amplifier compares it to the feedback resistor
divider at FB2). This voltage is also fed into a buffer, which is
output on the REFOUT pin. Note from the Electrical
Specifications Table that there is a common-mode limit for
this input; in particular, if an external 5V supply is used for
VCC, then the 3.3V from VREF should not be used directly;
it should be divided down to avoid running out of headroom.
REFOUT (VTT Buffer)
This analog output provides a buffered version of the REFIN
input, to be used by other IC’s in the system. In the DDR
mode, where VTT is generated from VDDQ, this output can
be used as a VTT Buffer.
In addition, it can be used to select the phase relationship,
but it disables the buffer in that case (see Table 1). Tying it to
VCC (5V) selects 0 degrees phase (in either mode); leaving
it open (where it can also be used as a reference output)
selects 90 degrees phase (in DDR mode) and 180 degrees
phase (in Independent Mode). A capacitor to GND is
recommended for stability (see Application Considerations).
VREF
This analog output pin is a 3.3V nominal reference, which
can be used by this IC (or others) as a voltage reference. A
capacitor to GND is recommended for stability (see
Application Considerations).
DRIVE3
This pin drives the gate of an external N-Channel MOSFET,
for OUT3, which is a linear regulator.
These analog input pins are used to set their respective
regulator output voltages. A resistor divider from the output
9
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
PGOOD
This digital output is an open-drain pull-down device. When
power is first applied to the IC, the output is pulled low, for
power “Not Good”. After all 3 soft-start pins complete their
ramp up with no faults (no short detected on switchers) the
power is considered “Good”, and the output pin is highimpedance (to be pulled up to a logic high level with an
external pull-up resistor). See the PGOOD section under
Functional Description for more details.
For Independent mode operation on OUT2 (Figure 3), a 3.3V
reference is provided on VREF which can be used directly (if
VCC is high enough), or divided down for REFIN. A resistor
divider from VOUT2 to FB2 sets the output voltage.
Operational Modes
Table 1 shows how to select the various modes and phasing
between the two switching regulators.
TABLE 1. MODE AND PHASE SELECTION
MODE
FS/SYNC
This input allows the user to adjust the internal oscillator
used for the PWM outputs; a pull-down resistor will speed up
the oscillator; use a 0Ω resistor (or a trace) to GND to get the
default 300kHz. In addition, a digital clock signal can be fed
into this input, in order to SYNC its clock with the external
one; this allows the clock edges to line up in a way that won’t
interfere with each other.
Functional Description
Overview
There are two single-phase synchronous buck converters,
and one linear regulator. Except for a common clock, the two
PWM regulators are independent. Refer to Figures 2 and 3
for a quick discussion of the circuit. The right side of the
diagram shows the 3 output stages with their components;
each switcher has an upper and lower FET, input capacitor,
bootstrap diode and capacitor, an LC output filter, and an
optional snubber.
The 3rd regulator (OUT3) is a linear, with an external NFET,
input and output capacitor. The output voltage is divided to
FB3, and compared to an internal 0.6V reference. An RC is
used for compensation.
The left side of the diagrams show the various control and
programming components. Each switcher has a compensation
network for stability that includes the output resistor divider.
VREF and REFOUT can be used as reference voltages. There
are three SS/EN pins to set the soft-start ramp of each output,
and a PGOOD output to signal when they are all done. The
FS_SYNC pin allows options for the oscillator frequency. Each
of these features will be described in more detail, either in the
Functional Description or the Application Considerations.
The first regulator (OUT1) has an internal 0.6V reference. To
set the output voltage level, connect a resistor divider
between VOUT1 and FB1.
The second regulator (OUT2) requires an external reference
connected to REFIN. For DDR memory applications
(Figure 2), connect a divide-by-two resistor divider from
VOUT1 to ground with the center point connected to REFIN.
This causes VOUT2 to track VOUT1 at one-half its value.
Connect VOUT2 to FB2 (through the compensation
resistor). A buffered copy of REFIN is provided on REFOUT.
10
EN_SS2 REFOUT
PWM1/2
CH1/2
DDR
VCC
VCC
0 degree
EN1/SS1 enables
CH1 and CH2
DDR
VCC
Open
90 degree
“
Independent SS2 cap
VCC
0 degree
EN1/SS1 for CH1;
EN2/SS2 for CH2
Independent SS2 cap
Open
180 degree
“
DDR mode is chosen by connecting the SS2/EN2 pin to
VCC (5V). In this mode, SS1/EN1 is used to enable and softstart both OUT1 and OUT2 (a single 30µA current source is
charging a single soft-start capacitor). In addition, VOUT1
(usually divided by 2) can be used as the REFIN for OUT2.
VOUT1 is often used as VIN2 (especially when the VOUT2
current is low enough) although it is not necessary. And
OUT2 does allow both sinking and sourcing of current for the
DDR.
For Independent mode, SS2/EN2 is not connected to VCC.
Instead it is connected to a soft-start capacitor to GND,
similar to SS1/EN1. The capacitors will ramp each output
independently, and each can be turned off by pulling its
SS/EN pin to GND; releasing will start a new soft-start ramp.
SS3/EN3 is also independent of the first two. As explained
earlier, one capacitor can be shared by more than one
SS/EN pin.
To select the Phase shift between Channel 1 and 2, the
REFOUT pin is used. Tie it to the VCC pin to get 0 degrees
in either mode (which means both switchers are in phase). In
this case, the REFOUT pin is not available for use
elsewhere; the buffer is disabled. Leave REFOUT open
(driven to whatever voltage is supplied at REFIN) and it
selects 90 degrees in the DDR mode, or 180 degrees in
Independent mode; REFOUT can be used as a reference in
this case. The advantage of Phase shift is to keep the
switching current spikes from lining up to create even higher
noise, or interaction between the channels; it also reduces
the RMS current through the input capacitors, allowing fewer
caps to be employed. However, depending on the VOUT to
VIN ratios of both, there is no guarantee that opposite edges
might not line up, depending on the duty cycles; so the user
should check for that possibility.
Figure 4 shows the phases. The rising edge of LGATE1
(LG1) and LGATE2 (LG2) is fixed; the phase difference is
relative to the rising edges. The falling edge of each is the
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
variable one (determined by the duty cycle). LG1 is shown
with a pulse width shorter than LG2; this is just an arbitrary
example, and it does not affect the rising edges.
VOUT1 (INDEPENDENT OR DDR MODE)
COMP1
LG1
VOUT1
R5
FB1
EA
LG2 (0 degree)
R6
0.6V
LG2 (90 degree)
FIGURE 5. RESISTOR DIVIDER FOR VOUT1 (DDR OR
INDEPENDENT MODE)
LG2 (180 degree)
0
90
180
270
0
FIGURE 4. PHASE OF LG2 WITH RESPECT TO RISING EDGE
OF LG1
Figure 5 shows the resistors for VOUT1, and the equation
below shows that R5 and R6 divide VOUT1 down to match
the 0.6V internal reference. VOUT1 must be greater than
0.6V and 2 resistors are needed, and their accuracy directly
affect the regulator tolerance.
R6
FB1 = VOUT1 ⋅ ---------------------R5 + R6
Output Regulation
The basic PWM regulator voltage is usually set up as
follows: FB and the internal reference are the two inputs to
the error amplifier, which are forced to be equal. The output
voltage is externally divided down to the FB pin, to equal the
reference. In the ISL6534, VOUT1 uses an internal nominal
0.6V reference; VOUT2 uses an external REFIN pin for the
reference. There are many variations of the above,
especially when the modes (Independent or DDR) are also
considered. Below are some of the cases that can be used,
along with the advantages or disadvantages of each.
The following figures show the compensation circuit for
VOUT1 and VOUT2; they include a full type-3 compensation
network. Also shown is the resistor divider for REFIN.
Several notes:
1. The labeling of the resistors may not match other
diagrams; they should be used just for the equations
included.
2. The VREF pin (nominal 3.3V) is assumed here (the
VREF pin supplies a soft-start ramp that other external
sources may not), but any other appropriate fixed voltage
reference can be used as REFIN for OUT2.
3. One percent (or better) resistors are typically used for
these resistor dividers; the overall system accuracy
depends directly upon them. Exact ratios are not always
possible, due to the limited values of standard resistors
available; these errors must also be added to the
tolerance.
Use the following equation to choose the resistor values. R5
is part of the compensation network, and should be selected
to be compatible; 1kΩ is a good starting value. Find FB1
from the Specification Table for the right condition, plug in
the desired value for VOUT1, and solve for R6.
FB1 ⋅ R5
R6 = --------------------------------------VOUT1 – FB1
VOUT2 (INDEPENDENT MODE)
Figure 6 shows the resistors for VOUT2; it is similar to
VOUT1 in that 2 resistors divide down VOUT2 to FB2; the
difference is that a second resistor divider may be used to
divide an external reference REF (such as VREF pin; see
Specification Table for details) or some other voltage (such
as VOUT1 for DDR mode).
Use the following equations; first decide what reference will
be used (REF), and whether it will be divided down (to
REFIN); choose a nominal value for R3 (such as 1kΩ) and
solve for R4. Assume a value for R1 (part of the
compensation calculation); 1kΩ is good starting value. Now
that REFIN is determined, plug it in for FB2, plug in the
desired VOUT2, and solve for R4.
REFIN ⋅ R3
R4 = -------------------------------------REF – REFIN
FB2 ⋅ R1
R2 = --------------------------------------VOUT2 – FB2
The same equations are used for following cases; some of
them get simplified by removing one or both dividers.
Case 1 is the most general case (no restriction on VREF > or
< VOUT2), and the most flexible. Both VREF and the output
are divided down to the same arbitrary reference (in the 0.6V
11
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
to 3.3V range for best performance). The advantage is that if
either the VREF or desired output voltage changes going
forward, the only board change needed is the value of 1 or
more resistors. The disadvantage is that since there are two
resistor dividers, both of them add to the error budget of the
regulator output. The total number of resistors used is 4.
Case 2 can be used when VOUT2 is less than VREF. R3 and
R4 divide the reference to match VOUT2. It saves a resistor
(R2); R1 (usually ~1kΩ) is still needed as part of the
compensation, but it doesn’t affect the accuracy of the output.
Three resistors are needed; this is the most typical case.
Case 3 can be used only when VOUT2 is greater than
VREF, which is brought directly into REFIN; then VOUT2 is
divided down to match it. Only two resistors (R1, R2) are
needed, and both affect the accuracy.
Case 4 can be used only if VREF = VOUT2; this case is the
most accurate (since neither has a divider), and only uses
one resistor (R1, as part of the compensation). Make sure
REFIN has sufficient headroom to VCC.
COMP2
VOUT2
R1
FB2
EA
R2
VREF (IND)
OR
VOUT1 (DDR)
R3
REFIN
Three resistors are needed, two of which affect the accuracy.
Since the DDR mode almost always uses the divide by two,
no flexibility is lost here; just change the VOUT1 resistor
divider to change the value of VDDQ, and VOUT2 will still
track at 1/2 the value.
Cases 3 and 4 don’t apply for DDR.
Soft-Start/Enable
Numerous combinations of independent and dependent
start-up are possible by the various methods of connecting
the three SS/EN pins; some combinations are shown in
Figures 7 and 8. In Figure 7, the three regulators enable
independently and rise at rates selected by their individual
soft-start capacitors CSS1, CSS2, and CSS3. In Figure 8, two
diodes are used to connect to a single open-drain pull-down
device (not shown); this allows one FET to disable both
channels. When enabled, they will each rise at their own
ramp rate. If they could use the same ramp rate, then both
pins could share one capacitor and the one FET, and the
diodes are not necessary. The 3rd channel is disabled and
ramped independently.
Since the EN trip point is around 1V, some care should be
taken to guarantee the diode drop and the FET in series
with it will always be below it (including manufacturing
tolerances, temperature extremes, etc.); schottky diodes,
with their lower voltage drop, are preferred. Also, beware of
diodes with high reverse leakage, especially at high
temperatures. If the pull-down FET also has a pull-up
resistor to 12V, for example (not recommended), then the
SS/EN pin could be pulled too high, and interfere with
normal operation; the voltage on the EN pins should not
exceed VCC.
R4
OPEN-DRAIN
LOGIC SIGNALS
VOUT2 (DDR MODE)
The main difference for DDR Mode is that rather than using
a fixed external reference for REFIN, a reference based on
VOUT1 (which is also called VDDQ for DDR) is used
instead. See Figure 6. Use the same equations shown for
the Independent mode; just substitute VOUT1 for REF.
Case 1 is again the most general case; Both VOUT1 and the
VOUT2 output are divided down to the same arbitrary
reference (in the 0.6V to 3.3V range for best performance).
The trade-offs are the same as Case 1 for Independent
mode described earlier.
SS1/EN1
EN1
SS2/EN2
EN2
ISL6534
FIGURE 6. RESISTOR DIVIDERS FOR VOUT2 AND REFIN
SS3/EN3
EN3
CSS1
CSS2
CSS3
FIGURE 7. CONNECTIONS FOR INDEPENDENT ENABLE
AND SOFT-START
Case 2 can be used when VOUT2 is less than VOUT1,
which is the case for DDR (since VOUT2 = 1/2 VOUT1). It
saves a resistor (R2); R1 is still needed as part of the
compensation, but it doesn’t affect the accuracy of the
output. R3 and R4 divide the VOUT1 by 2 to match VOUT2.
12
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
OPEN-DRAIN
LOGIC SIGNALS
SS1/EN1
SS2/EN2
SS3/EN3
EN3
CSS1
CSS2
ISL6534
EN1, 2
CSS3
FIGURE 8. 1 AND 2 ENABLED TOGETHER BUT HAVE
INDEPENDENT SOFT-STARTS. 3 IS FULLY
INDEPENDENT.
The soft-start pins can share the same capacitor, to ramp
them all at the same rate (but since there will be 3 times the
current, the value of the capacitor needs to be approximately
3 times bigger, for the same ramp rate).
Note that each output rise does not start until its SS/EN
voltage reaches ~1V; the output will then start to ramp up
until the soft-start is > ~3.3V (ramp is done). PGOOD will not
go active unless all three ramps are >3.3V (and no faults are
detected).
Figure 9 shows the start-up waveform for VOUT1 at power
up. In this example, the VCC voltage is generated from the
internal shunt regulator. The ramp of the 12V is controlled by
the external power supply; it can vary widely, depending
upon the type and model used. The ramp of the shunt more
or less follows the VCC12 until it reaches its regulation point
at ~5.8V. Both VCC and VCC12 must be past their rising
POR trip points before SS1 starts rising. The order doesn’t
matter, and may be different, especially when the VCC uses
an independent supply. In most cases with the shunt
regulator, the VCC12 POR is 2nd; when it hits ~8V, the
SS1/EN1 ramp begins. When SS1/EN1 reaches ~1V, the
output starts ramping up, and the ramp is complete when
SS1/EN1 reaches ~3.3V.
12V (4V/DIV)
~8V POR
VCC (4V/DIV)
GND>
SS1/EN1 (1V/DIV)
~3.3V
~1.0V
GND>
VOUT1 (1V/DIV)
FIGURE 9. START-UP (12V, VCC, SS1/EN1, VOUT1)
13
Note that if VIN1 is tied to a supply other than either VCC or
VCC12, then it MUST be up above the desired output
voltage (or at least ramping there ahead of the output)
before the SS1/EN1 reaches ~1V. If not, the short-circuit
protection will trigger, and shut down all three outputs,
requiring a POR on either VCC or VCC12 to restart. If either
VCC or VCC12 is used as VIN, then the voltage levels
should be sufficient, as long as the design can function at the
POR levels, since both must hit their POR levels before
starting up. So, for example, if the VCC12 supply was also
used as VIN, then as long as the output could start up at
VIN = ~8V (the VCC12 rising POR trip point) the start-up
condition is satisfied.
PGOOD
The PGOOD open-drain pull-down device is on when power
is first applied to the IC, forcing the pin to a logic low, for
power “Not Good”. After all 3 soft-start pins complete their
ramp up with no faults (no short detected on either switcher),
the power is considered “Good”, and the output pin goes
high-impedance (to be pulled up to a logic high level with an
external pull-up resistor). Figure 10 shows an example, with
a fast SS1 and VOUT1, a slower SS3 and VOUT3, and the
PGOOD output. The PGOOD waits for the last of the SS
signals (EN3/SS3 here) to reach their ramp-done trip point
before it goes high.
PGOOD (1V/DIV)
SS1/EN1 (1V/DIV)
SS3/EN3 (1V/DIV)
VOUT1 (1V/DIV)
VOUT3 (1V/DIV)
GND>
FIGURE 10. PGOOD OUTPUT
If any of the SS/EN pins is held low, PGOOD will not go high;
thus, if one of the three outputs is not used, and the PGOOD
function is desired, then that SS/EN should be allowed to
charge high, and the other pins of the unused regulator
should be tied so as not to cause a fault or shutdown.
Options for OUT1 include: tying FB1 to COMP1, or tying FB1
to VCC, and leaving COMP1 open. VOUT2 is a little more
difficult; Tie REFIN, FB2, COMP2 to GND; or tie FB2 to
COMP2, and tie REFIN to a voltage well under 3V (to avoid
the short-circuit shutdown). In all of these cases, leave the
LGATE and UGATE pins open; tie BOOT pin to VCC12. See
section “Linear (VOUT3) Component Selection” for
considerations for disabling the linear output, while keeping
PGOOD active.
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Once the power is “Good”, PGOOD will pull low if any of the
3 SS/EN pins is pulled low. Also, if a short is detected on
either switcher, then the PGOOD will pull low, for as long as
the condition is there. If VOUT1 or VOUT2 has a short
detected which stays there for 1-2 clock pulses, then all
three regulators will shut down, and wait for a power-down
and up cycle to reset (either VCC or VCC12 (or both) must
power down and up). If the short-circuit is not there long
enough to shut down, it may still cause PGOOD to go low
momentarily. If this causes a system issue, a filter capacitor
could be tried; it should be at least several nF to be effective.
Note that this is not a full-feature PGOOD; it is not directly
monitoring if the VOUT1 or VOUT2 drops below a set UV
level; it only checks for the simple short-circuit condition, via
the COMP pins. And it is not monitoring VOUT3 at all. So it
is a good indication that all three outputs have ramped up,
but it is less useful as a monitor from that point on.
Since PGOOD is an open-drain pull-down device, it usually
requires an external pull-up resistor; however, if the pin is not
used, no resistor is necessary. A value in the range of 1kΩ to
10kΩ is typical.
POR
Both the VCC (5V) and VCC12 (12V) are monitored for
Power-On-Reset, as shown in the Specification Table. The
two POR outputs are logically gated together, such that both
have to be above their rising trip points to enable the SS/EN
ramps to start (if they are not held low) and then enable each
output. Either POR output can go below its falling trip point to
disable all outputs, and then back to restart the enable
operation.
Shunt Regulator
The ISL6534 must have both a 12V (for VCC12) and a 5V
power supply (for VCC); both must be above their respective
POR rising trip points to enable the outputs to start
switching. The shunt regulator (nominal 5.8V) was designed
for those systems that do not have a 5V supply available; the
range of the shunt (5.6V to 6.0V) was designed not to
overlap the usual 4.75V to 5.25V range of typical power
supplies. An external resistor between VCC12 and VCC is
required; a typical value of 150Ω is the recommended
starting value (it may change due to other factors, such as
VCC12 voltage, VBS voltages, oscillator frequency, etc.).
The dissipation of the resistor is approximately 1/4W; it
needs to be sized accordingly. For example, 12V - 5.8V =
6.2V across the 150Ω resistor is 41mA; P = IV = 0.256W.
Several low-power resistors in parallel can also be used.
See Figure 11.
In either case, both VCC and VCC12 pins have small
decoupling capacitors (typically 1.0 to 10.0µF); they should
each be located near their pin, with a via to the GND plane.
14
(VCC) = 5.8V
VCC12
OPTIONAL R FOR
SHUNT REGULATOR;
VCC = 5.8V
VCC PIN
VCC12 PIN
VCC
VCC12
NON-SHUNT
MODE; SEPARATE
5V AND 12V
VCC PIN
VCC12 PIN
FIGURE 11. SHUNT REGULATOR AND DECOUPLING
CAPACITORS FOR VCC AND VCC12 PINS
Short-Circuit Protection
There is no current sensing or rDS(ON) sensing or
undervoltage sensing on the ISL6534. However, if either
Channel 1 or 2 output is shorted while active, there is a
simple detection on the error amp COMP output that implies
either overcurrent or undervoltage; the PGOOD pin goes low
immediately. If the condition persists for 1-2 internal clock
cycles (3-6µs at 300kHz), then ALL 3 Outputs are latched
off, requiring either a VCC or VCC12 POR to restart. The
protection was not designed to work for the case of powering
up an output into a short-circuit, and there are limitations on
detecting applied shorts. Note that the linear regulator has
no short-circuit protection.
See Application Considerations for more details.
Oscillator
The internal oscillator is nominally 300kHz (±20% tolerance)
with no external components required (tie FS_SYNC pin to
GND), as measured at either of the LG or UG pins. To run
faster, a resistor from FS_SYNC pin to GND will speed up
the frequency. See Figure 12 for a curve that shows the
frequency versus resistor value. Since the curve is steep as
it approaches 300kHz, operation in this area is not
recommended if the exact frequency is important.
Since this pin has several functions muxed onto it, it is
important that they do not interfere with each other. Thus,
the circuit that looks for the resistor will shut off (and default
to the 300kHz) if it doesn’t see a current in the expected
range. There should not be any excessive capacitive loading
on the pin either, and if a resistor is used, it should be
located very close to the FS_SYNC pin, and its connection
to GND should be near the IC GND, and away from the
output stage power GND, to minimize jitter.
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
400
ISL6534
350
VIN1
OTHER
REGULATOR
300
UGATE1
R (kΩ)
250
VOUT1
200
150
LGATE1
FS_SYNC
100
RFS
50
0
1
1.5
2
2.5
PERIOD (µs)
3
3.5
FIGURE 12. TYPICAL CLOCK PERIOD vs FS_SYNC
RESISTOR TO GND
SYNC
With multiple switching regulators running on the same
board at similar, but independent frequencies, there may be
interference between them; a “beat” frequency can develop,
based on the difference between the two frequencies. To
avoid this situation, the ISL6534 has a synchronization
circuit that will read an external frequency, and make the
ISL6534 follow it. The typical circuit involves taking the LG
(Lower Gate) signal from another regulator, going through a
series 10kΩ resistor (to limit the current), and connecting to
the FS_SYNC pin (with no other resistors attached). Within a
few internal clock cycles, the ISL6534 will lock-in to the new
frequency, and run normally as if it were programmed to run
there. If the signal is lost for any reason, after a set number
of clock cycles, the ISL6534 will go back to its default
internal frequency. Note: Do not use the oscillator of another
regulator directly, since the ISL6534 will scale it up by 4 to
match its own internal oscillator; using the LGATE signal will
allow the ISL6534 to match its LGATE to the same
frequency. See Figure 13.
Note that the SYNC circuit expects to see a stable
frequency, and can be fooled by variations. For example, if
the gate signal used has both leading and falling edge
modulation, that might cause some confusion. Skipping
clock cycles completely may also be misinterpreted as a
much longer period. The SYNC circuit was designed to work
over a range of 300kHz to 1MHz.
15
FIGURE 13. CONNECTION OF FS_SYNC TO THE LGATE OF
ANOTHER SWITCHING REGULATOR
Application Considerations
Decoupling Capacitors
Both the VCC12 and VCC pins should have a decoupling
ceramic capacitor (typical values are 1 - 10µF), located as
near to the pin as possible, and with the GND connection as
a via to a wide GND plane. A low-value resistor in series with
the capacitor may help isolate the switching noise from the
power supply from affecting the capacitor, especially if either
pin is sharing a power supply with other noisy circuits
(adding a resistor in series with the shunt regulator resistor
gives no advantage).
SS_EN Capacitors
The basic formula for the soft-start is:
dV
t = C • --------I SS
where
t is the soft-start ramp time
C is the external capacitor to GND on the SS pin
dV is the voltage the ramp charges up to
(nominal value is 3.3V)
I is the charging current (nominal 30µA).
Or:
time (in ms) = 110 * C (in µF).
Plugging in the known values, and adjusting units, time (in
ms) = 110 * C (in µF). So, for example, a 0.1µF capacitor will
give a ramp time of 11ms, and a 1.0µF capacitor will give a
ramp time of 110ms, which is around the practical maximum
value allowed, before noise and leakage and other factors
start affecting the formula. Faster ramps are allowed, as long
as the input supplies are capable of charging the output
capacitors (and possibly the load currents, if present at
power-up), without drooping too much (for example, if either
the 5V or 12V supply is dragged down below its POR falling
trip point, because of output loading, that might indicate that
the output ramp is too fast (or perhaps bigger input
capacitors are needed, or possibly other explanations as
well).
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
The above formula determines how long the Soft-Start ramp
time is. But since the outputs don’t turn on until the SS/EN
pin reaches ~1V, that means the actual time the output
ramps is only ~70% of the total SS ramp. Figure 9 shows an
example; SS1/EN1 ramps from 0 and 1V, before the VOUT1
ramp starts; but they both end at the same time. If the SS
ramp was 3.3ms long, the output ramp would be about
2.3ms long.
Each of the three regulators can have its own independent
ramp rate, as well as their own independent enable function
(pulling one of the SS/EN pins below 1V nominal will shut
down that output). Two or three pins can be tied together to
share a common ramp and enable; but there are now two or
three times the current charging a single cap, so the formula
should be adjusted accordingly. If you need the same ramp
rate, but separate enable functions, then don’t share the
capacitor; just use the same value capacitor on each, which
will still allow independent enabling. If you need different
ramp rates, but want to share a single enable signal, you will
probably need to connect a separate pull-down FET to each
pin, and just drive their gates from a common signal, or use
diodes to isolate a single FET to multiple pins (as previously
shown in Figures 7 and 8).
VREF/REFOUT Capacitors
The VREF output may require a small capacitor to GND to
remain stable; 1.0µF is recommended. If the output is not
used (for example, in DDR mode, where if VOUT1 is divided
down for REFIN); it could be left open, but the additional
noise and current draw may be objectionable. So even then,
a capacitor is recommended.
The REFOUT output is similar; a 0.1µF capacitor is
recommended.
Linear (VOUT3) Component Selection
Once the VIN3 and VOUT3 levels are defined, the NFET is
chosen to handle the output load current and the power
dissipation it creates. The power is determined by:
Power = ( VIN3 – VOUT3 ) • ILOAD
Even if the FET is in a good thermal package (such as a
D-PAK), the mounting of the FET will determine how much
power dissipation is allowed. If simply placed on a pad on an
FR4 board, the dissipation will be limited by the area of the
pad; the more area, the lower the temperature will be. The
recommendation is to use large plane areas, as well as
thermal vias to the back of the board, plus additional area
there, if possible. Even then, power dissipation is usually
limited to 1W or so, which would give 1A (assuming a 1V
drop from VIN3 to VOUT3).
It is not recommended to parallel two FETs in order to get
higher current or to spread out the heat; the FETs would
need to be well-matched in order to share the current equally
without any additional circuitry. In addition, the DRIVE3 pin
output was not sized to drive multiple FET gates; it may take
16
longer to charge or discharge the gates during transients.
Similar problems will occur if two FETs are placed in series;
the currents will be equal, but the voltage across each will
not match without additional circuitry. Acceptable solutions
include adding a heat sink or airflow, finding or creating an
input voltage closer to the output voltage, reducing the load
current (or raising the output voltage), adding a 2nd
complete linear output (and splitting the load between the
two) or replacing the linear with a switcher.
VIN3
CIN3
DRIVE3
R3 C3
VOUT3
FB3
R1
R2
COUT3
FIGURE 14. LINEAR (VOUT3) REGULATOR COMPONENT
SELECTION
The output capacitor COUT3 should be chosen for output
filtering and transient response needs. However, the output
capacitor also affects the stability of the regulator, so the
choice is limited to a range of acceptable values, which
include the capacitance and its ESR (Effective Series
Resistance). See Figure 14.
The input capacitance CIN3 is chosen to keep the input
supply from changing too much when the output current load
changes; this is related to transient response.
The resistor ratio is chosen to divide the desired output
voltage down to make the FB3 pin = 0.6V. First choose R1;
1kΩ is a good typical value. In the equation below, plug in
the value of FB3 from the Specification Table, and the
desired VOUT3 value, and solve for R2.
FB3 ⋅ R1
R2 = --------------------------------------VOUT3 – FB3
Compensation components R3 and C3 are chosen to make
the output stable under the conditions being used. Choose
the values to add a zero around 30kHz to cancel a pole.
Values of 4.75K and 6800pF are a good starting point.
If the Linear output is not used, then tie DRIVE3 to FB3 to
terminate them; no other components are needed. There are
then several options for SS/EN3. If PGOOD is not being
used, SS/EN3 can be tied to GND to disable the linear (and
PGOOD). If you need PGOOD to be active for the switchers
VOUT1 and VOUT2, then SS/EN3 can be left open for a
very fast ramp, or it can be tied to tied to SS/EN1 or SS/EN2
(but remember that SS/EN3 adds charging current, so make
the cap bigger). It is not recommended to tie SS/EN3 to
VCC.
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
A possible side benefit of tying off the linear is gaining
additional control over the PGOOD timing. Using one of the
above methods, the PGOOD will become active after the
2nd switcher ramps up. But if you want to add a delay after
that, one way to do it is to add a cap on SS/EN3, and make
the ramp longer than the other two; then PGOOD would not
become active until the longest one finishes, effectively
creating a delay (from when SS/EN3 starts). Another option
is to externally hold down SS/EN3, and then release it after a
fixed delay, with or without an additional ramp delay.
Externally switching SS/EN3 to GND can also make
PGOOD go inactive, without having to shut down VOUT1 or
VOUT2.
The maximum VOUT3 voltage allowed is determined by
several factors: the power dissipation, as described earlier;
the input voltage available, the DRIVE3 voltage, and the FET
chosen. The voltage can’t be any higher than the input
voltage available; let’s assume we use 12V. The DRIVE3
voltage is driven from the VCC12 rail; allowing for headroom,
the typical maximum voltage is 9V (lower as VCC12 goes to
its minimum). So the maximum output voltage will be a VGS
drop below the 9V (which includes the FET threshold
voltage), at the maximum load current, as determined by the
FET characteristics. So a practical value around 7-8V is
possible.
This is a low drop-out linear regulator. For any input voltage
below the maximum above, where the DRIVE3 voltage is not
limited by the FET threshold voltage, the drop-out is
determined mainly by the FET VDS voltage drop. In other
words, the maximum voltage drop across the FET at the
maximum load current is what determines the Vin - Vout
difference. This can be less than 0.1V for big FETs or
relatively low max current ratings.
Connecting One Input from Another Output
Often, one of the 3 outputs generated is used as the input
voltage to a 2nd (and perhaps 3rd); the general case
includes inputs or outputs of other IC regulators as well. This
can be done, with a few precautions in mind.
1. The first output must be designed and sized for its own
load current, plus the expected input current of the other
channels.
2. The sequencing of the outputs must be consistent. The
first output cannot be disabled or have a much slower
SS/EN ramp than the input channel, in order to take full
advantage of the soft-start. If the VIN is not present when
the 2nd regulator tries to start up, that can be interpreted
as a short-circuit, and the whole IC could be shut down.
3. The output capacitor of the first is now also the input
capacitor of the 2nd, so it needs to be chosen and sized
for both conditions. For example, transients on the first
output show up on the input of the 2nd; and input current
transients on the 2nd can affect the output of the first.
There may also be trade-offs of the placement of the
17
various capacitors; some might be near the output FETs
of the first, and some near the input FETs of the 2nd.
4. The linear regulator has no short-circuit protection.
However, if VIN3 is connected to one of the switcher
outputs, a short on the linear output may be detected; but
it is subject to all the cautions mentioned in the SHORTCIRCUIT PROTECTION section.
Feedback Compensation
The compensation required for VOUT1 and VOUT2 is
similar to many other switching regulators, and the same
tools can be used to determine their component values.
VOUT1 and VOUT2 are similar with respect to the
compensation; the only difference is their reference voltages
(fixed ~0.6V versus REFIN, which does not directly affect the
component values). The schematics show type-3
compensation, which is recommended for the general case;
the simpler type-2 compensation is a subset. A simple rule of
thumb is that when bulk capacitors are used on the outputs,
the ESR is often high enough (10’s - 100mΩ) to use type-2
compensation. But if only ceramic capacitors (ESR ~ 1’s
mΩ) or other low-ESR capacitors are used on the outputs,
then most likely type-3 will be required. The reference
designators in these figures match the equations given in
this section, but may not match other figures in this data
sheet. Each switcher output should be calculated separately.
CAUTIONS:
1. If two (or more) different kinds of output capacitors are
used, their effective ESR and capacitor values cannot be
easily combined into one for modeling. This can lead to
stability problems, and in some cases can also cause
unwanted shutdowns during start-up. But the use of
different capacitor types for output filters is generally
considered a good practice and can improve
performance; the key is modeling them accurately.
2. There is a restriction on the size of capacitor C2 (see
Figure 15; this is the single capacitor from COMP to FB);
it is recommended that the capacitor C2 be kept to less
than 500 pF. During start-up, with low voltages and
limited slew rate, the smaller value will allow for adequate
drive current capability. Some designs can and do work
with higher values; there are other factors that can affect
the performance; this recommendation just minimizes the
chances of a start-up problem.
3. If the compensation is not properly matched with the rest
of the circuit, it is possible that noise coupled from the
output can affect the COMP pin, such that it can exceed
the voltage and time levels for tripping the output shortcircuit protection. For example, type-3 compensation has
high bandwidth, and may not be right for some designs.
Choose the appropriate bandwidth and gain to meet the
design goals.
4. Check with your local Intersil Field Applications for help in
choosing compensation values for these special cases;
improved tools are available to help calculate values and
predict acceptable performance.
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Feedback Compensation Equations
This section highlights the design consideration for a voltagemode controller requiring external compensation. To address a
broad range of applications, a type-3 feedback network is
recommended (see Figure 15).
C2
R2
C1
COMP
1
F LC = --------------------------2π ⋅ L ⋅ C
FB
C3
ISL6534
R1
R3
VDIFF (VOUT)
FIGURE 15. COMPENSATION CONFIGURATION FOR ISL6534
CIRCUIT
Figure 16 highlights the voltage-mode control loop for a
synchronous-rectified buck converter, applicable to the
ISL6534 circuit. The output voltage (VOUT) is regulated to the
reference voltage, VREF. The error amplifier output (COMP pin
voltage) is compared with the oscillator (OSC) modified sawtooth wave to provide a pulse-width modulated wave with an
amplitude of VIN at the PHASE node. The PWM wave is
smoothed by the output filter (L and C). The output filter
capacitor bank’s equivalent series resistance is represented by
the series resistor E.
R2
C3
R3
C1
R1
FB
+
Ro
5. Select a value for R1 (1kΩ to 5kΩ, typically). Calculate
value for R2 for desired converter bandwidth (F0). If
setting the output voltage via an offset resistor connected
to the FB pin, Ro in Figure 16, the design procedure can
be followed as presented.
1
C1 = -----------------------------------------------2π ⋅ R2 ⋅ 0.5 ⋅ F LC
VREF
VOUT
OSCILLATOR
VOSC
UGATE
HALF-BRIDGE
DRIVE
L
D
PHASE
C
LGATE
ISL6534
EXTERNAL CIRCUIT
FIGURE 16. VOLTAGE-MODE BUCK CONVERTER
COMPENSATION DESIGN
18
7. Calculate C2 such that FP1 is placed at FCE.
C1
C2 = --------------------------------------------------------2π ⋅ R2 ⋅ C1 ⋅ F CE – 1
VIN
PWM
CIRCUIT
The compensation network consists of the error amplifier
(internal to the ISL6534) and the external R1-R3, C1-C3
components. The goal of the compensation network is to
provide a closed loop transfer function with high 0dB crossing
frequency (F0; typically 0.1 to 0.3 of FSW) and adequate phase
margin (better than 45degrees). Phase margin is the difference
between the closed loop phase at F0dB and 180o. The
equations that follow relate the compensation network’s poles,
zeros and gain to the components (R1, R2, R3, C1, C2, and
C3) in Figure 15. Use the following guidelines for locating the
poles and zeros of the compensation network:
6. Calculate C1 such that FZ1 is placed at a fraction of the FLC,
at 0.1 to 0.75 of FLC (to adjust, change the 0.5 factor to
desired number). The higher the quality factor of the output
filter and/or the higher the ratio FCE/FLC, the lower the FZ1
frequency (to maximize phase boost at FLC).
E/A
1
F CE = -----------------------2π ⋅ C ⋅ E
V OSC ⋅ R1 ⋅ F 0
R2 = -------------------------------------------d MAX ⋅ V IN ⋅ F LC
C2
COMP
The modulator transfer function is the small-signal transfer
function of VOUT /VCOMP. This function is dominated by a DC
gain, given by dMAXVIN /VOSC , and shaped by the output
filter, with a double pole break frequency at FLC and a zero at
FCE . For the purpose of this analysis, L and D represent the
channel inductance and its DCR, while C and E represents
the total output capacitance and its equivalent series
resistance.
E
8. Calculate R3 such that FZ2 is placed at FLC. Calculate C3
such that FP2 is placed below FSW (typically, 0.5 to 1.0
times FSW). FSW represents the switching frequency.
Change the numerical factor to reflect desired placement
of this pole. Placement of FP2 lower in frequency helps
reduce the gain of the compensation network at high
frequency, in turn reducing the HF ripple component at
the COMP pin and minimizing resultant duty cycle jitter.
R1 R3 = --------------------F SW
------------ – 1
F LC
1
C3 = ------------------------------------------------2π ⋅ R3 ⋅ 0.7 ⋅ F SW
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
It is recommended a mathematical model is used to plot the
loop response. Check the loop gain against the error
amplifier’s open-loop gain. Verify phase margin results and
adjust as necessary. The following equations describe the
frequency response of the modulator (GMOD), feedback
compensation (GFB) and closed-loop response (GCL):
d MAX ⋅ V IN
1 + s(f) ⋅ E ⋅ C
G MOD ( f ) = ------------------------------ ⋅ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
V OSC
1 + s(f) ⋅ (E + D) ⋅ C + s (f) ⋅ L ⋅ C
FET Selection (VOUT1, VOUT2)
1 + s ( f ) ⋅ R2 ⋅ C1
G FB ( f ) = ------------------------------------------------------ ⋅
s ( f ) ⋅ R1 ⋅ ( C1 + C2 )
1 + s ( f ) ⋅ ( R1 + R3 ) ⋅ C3
⋅ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C1 ⋅ C2
( 1 + s ( f ) ⋅ R3 ⋅ C3 ) ⋅  1 + s ( f ) ⋅ R2 ⋅  ---------------------- 
 C1 + C2 

G CL ( f ) = G MOD ( f ) ⋅ G FB ( f )
where, s ( f ) = 2π ⋅ f ⋅ j
COMPENSATION BREAK FREQUENCY EQUATIONS
1
F Z1 = -------------------------------2π ⋅ R2 ⋅ C1
1
F P1 = ----------------------------------------------C1 ⋅ C2
2π ⋅ R2 ⋅ ---------------------C1 + C2
1
F Z2 = --------------------------------------------------2π ⋅ ( R1 + R3 ) ⋅ C3
1
F P2 = -------------------------------2π ⋅ R3 ⋅ C3
Figure 17 shows an asymptotic plot of the DC-DC converter’s
gain vs. frequency. The actual Modulator Gain has a high gain
peak dependent on the quality factor (Q) of the output filter,
which is not shown. Using the above guidelines should yield a
compensation gain similar to the curve plotted. The open loop
error amplifier gain bounds the compensation gain. Check the
compensation gain at FP2 against the capabilities of the error
amplifier. The closed loop gain, GCL, is constructed on the loglog graph of Figure 17 by adding the modulator gain, GMOD (in
dB), to the feedback compensation gain, GFB (in dB). This is
equivalent to multiplying the modulator transfer function and the
compensation transfer function and then plotting the resulting
gain.
FP1
FP2
GAIN
FZ1 FZ2
R2
20 log  --------
R1
MODULATOR GAIN
COMPENSATION GAIN
CLOSED LOOP GAIN
OPEN LOOP E/A GAIN
d MAX ⋅ V
IN
20 log --------------------------------V OSC
0
GFB
LOG
GCL
GMOD
LOG
FLC
FCE
F0
FREQUENCY
FIGURE 17. ASYMPTOTIC BODE PLOT OF CONVERTER GAIN
19
A stable control loop has a gain crossing with close to a
-20dB/decade slope and a phase margin greater than 45
degrees. Include worst case component variations when
determining phase margin. The mathematical model
presented makes a number of approximations and is
generally not accurate at frequencies approaching or
exceeding half the switching frequency. When designing
compensation networks, select target crossover frequencies
in the range of 10% to 30% of the switching frequency, FSW.
The typical FET expected to be used will have a low rDS(ON)
(5-10mΩ) and a low VGS (Gate-to-source threshold voltage;
1-2V). It can be packaged in a thermally enhanced SO-8 IC
package (where the drain leads are thermally connected to
the leadframe under the die, or similar approaches), or even
in more conventional power packages (D-PAK). If the FETs
are surface mounted to the PCB, with only the area of the
power planes to conduct the heat away, then the maximum
load current will be limited by the thermal ratings under those
conditions. Using conventional heatsinks or sufficient airflow
can extend the limit of dissipation.
FETs can be paralleled for higher currents; this spreads the
heat between the FETs, which helps keep the temperature
lower. However, the gate driver is now driving twice the gate
capacitance, so there will be more dissipation in the ISL6534
gate drivers. It is recommended that parallel FETs be the
same part number; even though they may not match exactly,
it is more likely than using two different parts. In particular,
the rDS(ON) of each helps determine the relative current
sharing; the gate threshold and the internal gate resistance
helps determine the turn on and off characteristics.
Typical values for maximum current (based on 8-pin SOIC
FETs surface-mounted on PCB, with no heatsinks or airflow)
are 5A for a dual FET; 10A for single FETs for upper and
lower; and 20A for two FETs in parallel for both upper and
lower. These are just rough numbers; many factors affect it,
such as PCB board area available for heatsinking planes,
how close other dissipative devices are, etc.
In general (and especially for short UGATE duty cycles, such
as converting 12V input down to 1V or 2V outputs), the
upper FET should be chosen to minimize the Gate charge,
since switching losses dominate. Since the lower FET is on
most of the time, low rDS(ON) should be the main
consideration for it.
Note that the LGATE driver is sourced from the VCC12
input; it is not necessary to use a very low threshold lower
FET device; for example, the difference in rDS(ON) between
a 1V and 2V threshold, with a 12V gate voltage is very small;
the curve for rDS(ON) versus VGS is already flattening out
around 10V. And, in fact, a too-low threshold voltage can
cause a transition problem. As LGATE goes to GND to turn
off, (and UGATE starts to turn on), it only takes a couple of
volts of noise or ringing or coupling in the LGATE to turn it
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
back on momentarily, causing large shoot-through currents,
and hurting efficiency.
For extreme cases (such as high current (>20A using
parallel lower FETs) and low threshold (~1V)), one possible
solution is to capacitive-couple the LGATE; Figure 18 shows
one implementation. The zener reverse drop on the left
(~3V) and the forward drop of the zener on the right level
shifts the LGATE down about to about -4V when off, which
keeps Q2 off better; the downsides are the extra
components, and the lowered LGATE high voltage (shifted
from 12V down to ~8V).
+12V
DBOOT
+
VCC12
VD
VIN
-
BOOT
ISL6534
CBOOT
Q1
UGATE
(CHANNEL
1 OR 2)
PGND
PHASE
VCC12
Q2
LGATE
+
PGND
GND
FIGURE 18. CAPACITIVE-COUPLED LGATE
The ISL6534 requires 2 N-Channel power MOSFETs for
each switcher output. These should be selected based upon
rDS(ON), gate supply requirements, and thermal
management requirements. The following are some
additional guidelines.
In high-current applications, the MOSFET power dissipation,
package selection and heatsink are the dominant design
factors. The power dissipation includes two loss
components; conduction loss and switching loss. The
conduction losses are the largest component of power
dissipation for both the upper and the lower MOSFETs.
These losses are distributed between the two MOSFETs
according to duty factor (see the equations below). Only the
upper MOSFET has switching losses, since the FET body
diode (or optional external Schottky rectifier) clamps the
switching node before the synchronous rectifier turns on.
PUPPER = IO2 x rDS(ON) x D +
1 Io x V x t
IN SW x Fs
2
PLOWER = IO2 x rDS(ON) x (1 - D)
Where: D is the duty cycle = VO/VIN,
tSW is the switching interval, and
Fs is the switching frequency.
20
These equations assume linear voltage-current transitions
and do not adequately model power loss due the reverserecovery of the lower MOSFETs body diode. The
gate-charge losses are dissipated by the ISL6534 and don't
heat the MOSFETs. However, large gate-charge increases
the switching interval, tSW which increases the upper
MOSFET switching losses. Ensure that both MOSFETs are
within their maximum junction temperature at high ambient
temperature by calculating the temperature rise according to
package thermal-resistance specifications. A separate
heatsink may be necessary depending upon MOSFET
power, package type, ambient temperature and air flow.
Standard-gate MOSFETs (typically 30V breakdown and 20V
maximum gate voltage) are normally recommended for use
with the ISL6534, especially since 12V is expected to be
available to drive the gates. However, logic-level gate
MOSFETs can be used under special circumstances. The
input voltage, upper gate drive level, and the MOSFETs
absolute gate-to-source voltage rating determine whether
logic-level MOSFETs are appropriate.
Figure 19 shows the upper gate drive (BOOT pin) supplied
by a bootstrap circuit from VCC12. The boot capacitor,
CBOOT develops a floating supply voltage referenced to the
PHASE node. This supply is refreshed each cycle to a
voltage of VCC12 less the boot diode drop (VD) when the
lower MOSFET, Q2 turns on. A logic-level MOSFET can only
be used for Q1 if the MOSFET’s absolute gate-to-source
voltage rating exceeds the maximum voltage applied to VIN
= VCC12. A a lower voltage supply (such as 5V) can also be
used for bootstrapping, which would allow for a lower gate
voltage rating; but only if the lower voltage is still high
enough to turn the upper FET on hard enough. For Q2, a
logic-level MOSFET can be used if its absolute gate-tosource voltage rating exceeds the maximum voltage applied
to VCC12; but very low thresholds can cause problems.
+12V
DBOOT
+
VCC12
VD
BOOT
ISL6534
CBOOT
UGATE
(CHANNEL
1 OR 2)
+5V OR +12V
-
Q1
PHASE
PGND
NOTE:
VG-S ≈ VCC12 - VD
VCC12
LGATE
+
PGND
Q2
D2 (OPTIONAL)
NOTE:
VG-S ≈ VCC12
GND
FIGURE 19. UPPER GATE DRIVE - BOOTSTRAP OPTION
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Figure 20 shows the upper gate drive supplied by a direct
connection to VCC12. This option should only be used in
converter systems where the main input voltage is +5 VDC
or less. The peak upper gate-to-source voltage is
approximately VCC12 less the input supply. For +5V main
power and +12 VDC for the VIN bias, the gate-to-source
voltage of Q1 is 7V. A logic-level MOSFET may be a good
choice for Q1 (again, check the max gate voltage ratings)
and a logic-level MOSFET can be used for Q2 if its absolute
gate-to-source voltage rating exceeds the maximum voltage
applied to VCC12.
+12V
+5V OR LESS
VCC12
BOOT
ISL6534
Q1
UGATE
(CHANNEL
1 OR 2)
NOTE:
VG-S ≈ VCC12 - 5V
PGND
PHASE
VCC12
Q2
LGATE
+
D2 (OPTIONAL)
NOTE:
VG-S ≈ VCC12
PGND
GND
FIGURE 20. UPPER GATE DRIVE - DIRECT VCC12 DRIVE
OPTION
The PHASE node is not brought into the ISL6534, so there is
no way to reference the gate voltage to it, as is often done in
other regulators. The considerations for the BOOT2 pin are
identical to BOOT1; but since they may have different VIN,
VOUT, FETs, etc., the preferred solution for each output may
be different for any given system.
The voltage required on VBOOT (Bootstrap Voltage; the
diode anode) depends primarily on the upper NFET rDS(ON)
and Vth. A high voltage makes the rDS(ON) as low as
possible, which should help the overall efficiency; however,
the high voltage makes the switching power in the gate
driver higher, which lowers the efficiency. So the net overall
effect is a trade-off between the two. At the other extreme, a
low voltage must be at least as high as the FET threshold
voltage, plus a few volts of overdrive, in order to turn on the
NFET hard enough to source the maximum load current. So
the rDS(ON) is not as low, hurting the efficiency, but the gate
driver power is lower, which helps the efficiency.
Since the gate driver power is a function of (voltage)2, the
theoretical optimum VBOOT voltage is to make it only high
enough to turn on the NFET to handle the maximum load.
However, since there are usually only a few available power
supplies to choose from, the user often must compromise.
And sometimes the only supply available is the same one
used for VIN, which may be good for one term, but not as
good for the other.
The size of the bootstrap capacitor can be chosen by using
the following equations:
Q GATE
C BOOT ≥ -------------------∆V
Bootstrap Trade-offs
and
N • Q G • VIN
Q GATE = ---------------------------------V GS
Bootstrapping to 12V requires that the upper FET have a
maximum gate-source rating of greater than 12V. Since the
LGATE output is sourced from the VCC12 supply in all
cases, the lower FET must also have the high rating. So this
may rule out using some 20V breakdown FETs that have
gate ratings of 12V or less.
where
Figure 19 shows the diode DBOOT and bootstrap capacitor
CBOOT. A small capacitor (~1µF; not shown) is sometimes
used as a local decoupling cap to GND; it should be placed
near the anode of the diode to GND.
∆V is the change in boot voltage before and immediately
after the transfer of charge; typically 0.7V to 1.0V
The anode of the diode is shown tied to VCC12, but it can
also connect to VCC (even in the shunt regulator mode in
some cases) or to VIN or to another appropriate supply. If
the shunt voltage is used for bootstrapping, it does increase
the current used in the shunt; check that the shunt voltage is
not affected; if it is, a lower value of shunt resistor may be
necessary.
Figure 20 shows the direct hookup; the advantage is that two
components (DBOOT and CBOOT) are not needed; a
possible disadvantage is that the VCC12 may not be the
optimum voltage for efficiency (perhaps a bootstrap
diode/capacitor to 5V would be better, for example).
21
N is the number of upper FETs
QG is the total gate charge per upper FET
VIN is the input voltage
VGS is the gate-source voltage (usually VIN - diode drop)
Q GATE N • Q G • VIN 1 • 33 • 12
C BOOT ≥ -------------------- = ----------------------------------- = ---------------------------- = 0.051µF
∆V
11 • 0.7
V GS • ∆V
The last equation plugs in some typical values: N = 1; QG is
33nC, VIN is 12V, VGS is 11V, ∆Vmax = 1V. In this example,
CBOOT ≥ 0.051µF. This value is often rounded up to 0.1µF
as a starting value. The bootstrap capacitors usually need to
be rated at 16V, to handle the typical 12V boot.
In general, as the number of FETs or the size of the FETs
increases (which usually makes QG larger) or if VIN or the
bootstrap supply (if not VIN) increases (for example, from 5V
to 12V), these all require that CBOOT become larger.
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Output Inductor Selection
The output inductor is selected to meet the output voltage
ripple requirements and minimize the converter’s response
time to the load transient. The inductor value determines the
converter’s ripple current and the ripple voltage is a function
of the ripple current. The ripple voltage and current are
approximated by the following equations:
V IN - V OUT V OUT
∆I = -------------------------------- • ---------------Fs x L
V IN
∆VOUT = ∆I x ESR
Increasing the value of inductance reduces the ripple current
and voltage. However, the large inductance values reduce
the converter’s response time to a load transient (and
usually increases the DCR of the inductor, which decreases
the efficiency). Increasing the switching frequency (Fs) for a
given inductor also reduces the ripple current and voltage.
One of the parameters limiting the converter’s response to a
load transient is the time required to change the inductor
current. Given a sufficiently fast control loop design, the
ISL6534 will provide either 0% or 87.5% duty cycle in
response to a load transient. The response time is the time
required to slew the inductor current from an initial current
value to the transient current level. During this interval the
difference between the inductor current and the transient
current level must be supplied by the output capacitor.
Minimizing the response time can minimize the output
capacitance required.
The response time to a transient is different for the
application of load and the removal of load. The following
equations give the approximate response time interval for
application and removal of a transient load:
L O × I TRAN
t RISE = ------------------------------V IN – V OUT
L O × I TRAN
t FALL = -----------------------------V OUT
where: ITRAN is the transient load current step, tRISE is the
response time to the application of load, and tFALL is the
response time to the removal of load. With a +5V input
source, the worst case response time can be either at the
application or removal of load and dependent upon the
output voltage setting. Be sure to check both of these
equations at the minimum and maximum output levels for
the worst case response time.
Output Capacitors Selection
An output capacitor is required to filter the output and supply
the load transient current. The filtering requirements are a
function of the switching frequency and the ripple current.
The load transient requirements are a function of the slew
rate (di/dt) and the magnitude of the transient load current.
These requirements are generally met with a mix of
capacitors and careful layout.
Modern microprocessors produce transient load rates above
1A/ns. High frequency capacitors initially supply the transient
22
and slow the current load rate seen by the bulk capacitors.
The bulk filter capacitor values are generally determined by
the ESR (effective series resistance) and voltage rating
requirements rather than actual capacitance requirements.
High frequency decoupling capacitors should be placed as
close to the power pins of the load as physically possible. Be
careful not to add inductance in the circuit board wiring that
could cancel the usefulness of these low inductance
components. Consult with the manufacturer of the load on
specific decoupling requirements. And keep in mind that not all
applications have the same requirements; some may need
many ceramic capacitors in parallel; others may need only one.
Use only specialized low-ESR capacitors intended for
switching-regulator applications for the bulk capacitors.
The bulk capacitor’s ESR will determine the output ripple
voltage and the initial voltage drop after a high slew-rate
transient. An aluminum electrolytic capacitor's ESR value is
related to the case size with lower ESR available in larger
case sizes. However, the equivalent series inductance
(ESL) of these capacitors increases with case size and can
reduce the usefulness of the capacitor to high slew-rate
transient loading. Unfortunately, ESL is not a specified
parameter. Work with your capacitor supplier and measure
the capacitor’s impedance with frequency to select a
suitable component. In most cases, multiple electrolytic
capacitors of small case size perform better than a single
large case capacitor.
Input Capacitor Selection
Use a mix of input bypass capacitors to control the voltage
overshoot across the MOSFETs. Use small ceramic
capacitors for high frequency decoupling and bulk capacitors
to supply the current needed each time Q1 turns on. Place
the small ceramic capacitors physically close to the
MOSFETs and between the drain of Q1 and the source of Q2.
The important parameters for the bulk input capacitor are the
voltage rating and the RMS current rating. For reliable
operation, select the bulk capacitor with voltage and current
ratings above the maximum input voltage and largest RMS
current required by the circuit. The capacitor voltage rating
should be at least 1.25 times greater than the maximum
input voltage and a voltage rating of 1.5 times is a
conservative guideline. The RMS current rating requirement
for the input capacitor of a buck regulator is approximately
1/2 the DC load current.
For both through-hole and surface-mount design, several
electrolytic capacitors (Panasonic HFQ series or Nichicon
PL series or Sanyo MV-GX or equivalent) may be needed.
For surface mount designs, solid tantalum capacitors can be
used, but caution must be exercised with regard to the
capacitor surge current rating. These capacitors must be
capable of handling the surge-current at power-up. The TPS
series available from AVX, and the 593D series from
Sprague are both surge current tested.
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Snubbers
A snubber network is a series resistor and capacitor, usually
from the phase node to GND (across the lower FET); it is
used to dampen the ringing of the phase node, which can
introduce noise into other parts of the circuit. In particular,
jitter on the gate drivers can be caused by disturbances that
trigger the programmable duty cycle edge of the internal
ramp generator. If noise or ringing is a problem in your
particular circuit, consider adding a snubber. Typical values
are 2.2nF for the capacitor, and 2.2Ω for the resistor. Since
the resistor may have large currents, use a 1/2W type
resistor. The order of R and C doesn’t usually matter, but
one preference is putting the resistor to GND, such that the
voltage across it can be easily measured on an oscilloscope
to represent the current. See Figure 21.
Only 3 of the 4 possible states are shown decoded. There
are other variations of this technique, but this shows the
basic principle. Since the FB are sensitive nodes, care
should be taken in the layout, to keep the extra resistors
(and the FETs to GND) near the pin.
A variation of this technique can be used without the margining
to fine tune the output voltage, when two 1% resistors (R1, R2)
can’t give the exact value desired. Simply use a much higher
value resistor in parallel with either R1 or R2 (or both) to finetune the value; a 100-1 ratio in resistor values will be able to
change the voltage by roughly 1%; that might be good enough.
COMP1
VOUT1
VIN1
R1
FB1
R2
UGATE1
VOUT1
PHASE1
CSN1
RSN1
LGATE1
RM1, RM2 >> R1, R2
A OFF, B OFF
10% HIGH
A OFF, B ON
NOMINAL
A ON, B ON
10% LOW
RM2
A
RM1
B
FIGURE 22. MARGINING COMPONENT SELECTION
FIGURE 21. SNUBBER COMPONENT SELECTION
Optional Schottky Selection
An optional rectifier D2 (see Figure 19 or 20) is a clamp that
catches the negative inductor swing during the dead time
between turning off the lower MOSFET and turning on the
upper MOSFET. The diode must be a Schottky type to
prevent the lossy parasitic MOSFET body diode from
conducting. If used, connect the cathode to the phase node,
and the anode to PGND. It is acceptable to omit the diode and
let the body diode of the lower MOSFET clamp the negative
inductor swing, but efficiency will drop one or two percent as a
result. The diode's rated reverse breakdown voltage must be
greater than the maximum input voltage.
Margining and “Fine-Tuning”
Margining can be added externally to a voltage regulator, in
order to raise and/or lower the output voltage a nominal
amount, such as ±10%. The purpose might be to run the
processor at higher voltage for faster clock speeds, or to run
at lower voltages, to save power, for example.
A straightforward method involves adding two extra resistors
and two small FETs (and re-adjusting R2, depending upon
the decoding used); see Figure 22. Both resistors (RM1,
RM2) are high values (10-100kΩ) compared to R1 and R2
(~1kΩ). So when placed in parallel with R2, it lowers the
resistance of R2; pick the values for the desired amount.
Some simple logic is needed on the gates A and B to control
them; pull-up or pull-down resistors might also be needed.
23
Short-Circuit Protection
The ISL6534 does not have the typical overcurrent
protection used by many of the Core Processor IC’s.
Instead, it has a simple and inexpensive method of
protection. But it is important for the user to understand the
method used, and the limitations of that method.
There are no sense pins available on the ISL6534. This
means that the many standard ways of sensing output
current (sense resistors, FET rDS(ON), Inductor DCR, etc.)
are not possible, without adding a lot of external
components. There are also no PHASE pins available.
Monitoring undervoltage (by sensing drops on the FB pins,
or on the outputs) was not done.
The only method of protection for the two switching
regulators is to monitor the COMP1 and COMP2 pins for
overvoltage. What happens on a short-to-GND on the
output? As the output voltage is dragged down, the FB pin
should start to follow, since it is usually just a resistor divider
from the output. The loop detects that the FB pin is lower
than the Error-Amp reference, and the COMP voltage will
rise to try to equalize them; that will increase the duty-cycle
of the upper FET gate driver (which allows more time to pull
the output voltage higher). If the short is hard enough, the
COMP pin will rise higher and the duty cycle will increase
further. If the short is still too hard, at some point the COMP
pin output will go out of range, the duty cycle will hit the
maximum, and the loop can no longer effectively try any
harder. This is the point at which an overcurrent condition is
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
detected. A comparator monitors the COMP pins, and if
either one exceeds the trip point (nominal 3.3V), and stays
above it for a filter time (1-2 clock pulses of the internal
oscillator; 3-6µs at the nominal 300kHz; 2-4µs at 500kHz),
then it will shut down both switchers, as well as the linear
regulator, and require a POR on either (or both) of the
VCC12 or VCC power pins. There is no “hiccup” or retry
mode, where it keeps trying. The protection was not
designed to work while powering up into a short circuit.
So that is the detection method; what are the implications of
it? On the plus side, it’s built in, and the user doesn’t have to
set anything to use it; no additional components are
required. On the negative side, it is not easy to predict its
performance, since many factors can affect how well it
works. It was designed to detect a “hard” short; like a
screwdriver shorting the output to GND. But defining how
close to “zero ohms” the short has to be in order to work
properly is not straightforward. If the resistance is too high to
trip the detector, the regulator will react simply as if the load
has increased, and will continue to try to regulate up until the
FETs overheat. If the COMP pin doesn’t immediately rise to
its trip point when the short is applied, chances are it won’t
trip later as the FETs heat up. So most of the potential
problems can occur if the initial trip is missed.
Following are a list of the many possible factors that affect
the performance:
1. If the power supply used for the VIN of one of the
regulators is shared with the VCC12 (or VCC) supply of
the IC, then shorting the output could potentially
momentarily drag down the supply low enough to trip the
VCC12 (or VCC) falling POR, which could result in
unpredictable behavior once the outputs shut off due to
the POR, and then try to start up into the short after the
supply recovers. This scenario can be avoided with a
“stiff” power supply, or a separate one.
2. If the power supply for VIN has a built-in current
shutdown or limit, then it might shut-down before the IC,
or the limiting might help the IC shutdown, either of which
is generally good. However, many supplies used in real
systems don’t have this built in, or would require a much
higher current short than this scenario would provide.
3. If the circuit survives the initial short but doesn’t shut
down, the removal of the short can cause an inductive
kick on the phase node, which can create an overvoltage
condition on the boot pin, which can in the worst case
damage the IC and/or the FETs.
4. The resistance of the short itself is probably the most
critical factor affecting the overcurrent shutdown
performance. If the short is not low enough resistance,
then the part will NOT shutdown, and the FETs can
overheat. Note that the “short” to the output also includes
wiring, PCB traces, contact resistances, as well as all of
the return paths.
will get a clean shutdown; see also #6. In addition, the
higher VOUT for a given VIN will give a higher UGATE
duty cycle, and the average COMP voltage is higher, so
it doesn’t have as far to go to trip.
6. In general, the faster the rise time of the output current
during the short, the more current will be allowed on the
initial peak, and the better chance the COMP pin will have
a sharp rise as well. A low resistance short (#4) and a
higher output voltage (#5) both help. However, if the
current ramps too fast, then a false trip is also possible
(shutting down at a current level still within the expected
load range).
7. The load current at the time of the short can affect the
results; the response of a short can be different at no load
versus full load.
8. The compensation components are chosen to stabilize
the regulation loop; however, if they unnecessarily load
the COMP output, that could affect the trip point
response.
9. The output capacitance and its ESR can affect how
quickly the current ramps up during a short.
10. Other variables that may contribute to a lesser degree
include variations in the COMP comparator and filter, the
inductor L and DCR, the rDS(ON) of the FET, the FB
resistor dividers, the error amp reference voltage, the
oscillator frequency, switching noise, VCC voltage,
ambient temperature and airflow, and the layout of the
PCB.
11. Adding external circuitry to sense a fault may be possible,
but subject to the usual limitations of those circuits. For
example, sensing the output or FB voltage doesn’t
always directly correlate with output current.
So the recommendations are as follows:
1. If there is a specific fault condition that needs protection,
try it out first under controlled conditions, either on an
EVAL board, the final circuit, or something close to it,
along with the power supply that will also be used.
Monitor VCC12 and VCC (to be sure they aren’t tripping
POR), the output and the COMP pin. A current probe
monitoring the output current is also very useful.
2. Compare the short circuit resistance to the nominal load
resistance; if they are too close, the circuit may not work
well. Calculate how long the FETs can sit at the higher
current. Is the short more likely from zero load or full
load?
3. Check the rise time of the short circuit current, and what
happens if when the short is released.
4. From the waveform of the COMP pin, see if the values
can be optimized for the short condition. Within the
constraints of the stability criteria, smaller caps (in
general) may give a quicker response.
5. The higher the output voltage, the more current you will
get out of a fixed-resistance short, and the more likely you
24
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
PCB Layout Considerations
General Layout Considerations
As in any high frequency switching converter, layout is very
important. Switching current from one power device to
another can generate voltage transients across the
impedances of the interconnecting bond wires and circuit
traces. These interconnecting impedances should be
minimized by using wide, short printed circuit traces. The
critical components should be located as close together as
possible using ground plane construction or single point
grounding.
VIN
ISL6534
Q2
+12V
LO
CIN
VOUT
CVCC
CO
D1
VCC
BOOT
CBOOT
CI
+VIN
Q1 L
O
ISL6534
PGND
VOUT
PHASE
SS
+12V
FS
Q2
CO
VCC12
RETURN
LOAD
LGATE
Q1
Minimize any leakage current paths on each of the SS pins
and locate the capacitors, Css close to the SS pin because
the internal current source is only 30µA. Provide local VCC12
decoupling between VCC12 and PGND pins, as well as the
VCC and GND pins. Locate the capacitor, CBOOT as close
as practical to the BOOT pin and PHASE node (but since
PHASE is one of the noisiest signals, otherwise keep it away
from the IC area). The PGND pins are used only for the gate
drivers and other output circuitry (including the VCC12
decoupling capacitor); the GND pins are used by the VCC
pin, and the control circuitry. They should be joined at a
common point; the metal pad under the IC is a good location.
LOAD
UGATE
share another local connection; these output GNDs are
considered “noisy”, due to the high current switching; they
should be kept away from the “quiet” GNDs near the IC.
Finally, all of these GNDs tie into one common GND plane.
GND PGND
FIGURE 23. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD POWER AND
GROUND PLANES OR ISLANDS
RFS
CSS
CVCC12
(NOISY) GNDs
(QUIET) GNDs
Figure 23 shows the critical power components of the
converter, for either output channel. To minimize the voltage
overshoot the interconnecting wires indicated by heavy lines
should be part of ground or power plane in a printed circuit
board. The components shown in Figure 23 should be
located as close together as possible. The capacitors CIN
and CO can each represent numerous physical capacitors.
Locate the ISL6534 within 1 inch (or even less, if possible) of
the MOSFETs, Q1 and Q2. The circuit traces for the
MOSFETs’ gate and source connections from the ISL6534
must be sized to handle up to 1.5A peak current.
Figure 24 shows the circuit traces that require additional
layout consideration. Use single point and ground plane
construction for the circuits shown. Note that the “quiet”
analog-type signals (including VCC, SS/EN, FS/SYNC
shown, as well as others, such as VREF, REFOUT, and all
three of the FB resistor dividers) share a local “quiet” GND.
VCC12 decoupling cap can also share the same GND; on
the QFN package, a separate cap for each VCC12 and
PGND pin pair can help isolate some switching noise
between the channels, if placed properly (short traces to
both pins, before tying the GNDs into the common GND
plane). On the output side, the lower FET source and CIN
cap should share a short connection; same with the upper
FET drain, and the CIN cap. The output load and COUT
25
FIGURE 24. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD SMALL SIGNAL
LAYOUT GUIDELINES
Layout Considerations for the ISL6534
The metal plate on the bottom of either the TSSOP or QFN
(MLFP) package must be soldered down to the PC board,
and sufficient plane area given for heat transfer. It is
recommended that the plane be connected to GND (pin 15
in TSSOP) and PGND (pin 18 in TSSOP), but if it is left
floating, it should NOT be tied to any other potential.
Thermal vias (at least 4) are recommended to connect to a
plane on the opposite side of the PCB (which can also be
used as a quiet GND for many of the IC components), and to
the internal GND plane, for additional heat transfer. See
Tech Brief TB379 for more details.
Decoupling capacitors should be very close to the VCC12 (to
PGND) and VCC5 (to GND) pins, with vias (if needed) to the
quiet GND plane. PGND and GND should be joined at the
metal plate.
The traces from the gate drivers to the FETs (UG1, UG2,
LG1, LG2, DRIVE3) should be short (for low resistance) and
wide (to handle large currents); the pin spacing will limit the
widths right near the package. But the closer the FETs are to
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
the IC, the more they will heat each other, so keep that
thermal consideration in mind.
BOOT1/2 capacitors should be near their pins; the bottom to
phase and diode can be a little further away. If a separate
small capacitor is used for the bootstrap supply (if different
than either VIN or VCC12), it should be located next to the
bootstrap diode anode.
Other traces to keep short include:
• FB1/2/3: the resistor dividers should be near the IC; via (if
needed) to quiet GND plane; the signal from the VOUT
can travel, since it is low impedance. The VOUT should be
taken as close as possible to the load for best regulation,
and the trace to the feedback resistor divider should be
isolated from any load current.
• Resistor dividers used for references (from VREF or
VOUT or to REFIN) should be near the REFIN input; the
bottom resistor tied to quiet GND.
• COMP1/2: ALL of the compensation components should
be close to these pins (as well as FB1/2 pins), with vias (if
needed) to the quiet GND plane. The FB divider should
NOT be near the output, with FB routed back to the IC; the
FB trace can act as an antenna and pick up noise that will
adversely affect performance. Route the VOUT signal
instead, and connect it to the components near the IC.
• SS/EN capacitors should be near pin, with vias (if needed)
to quiet GND plane.
• FS_SYNC resistor (if needed) should be near pin, with a
via (if needed) to quiet GND. Do not leave the pin open;
connect to GND (through a zero ohm resistor or a short
trace) for default 300 kHz operation. The GND connection
(for either the resistor or default) should be kept away from
the Power GND of the output FETs; this is especially
important because the FS_SYNC pin location is near the
channel 2 switcher. Noise picked up can cause jitter in
both switcher outputs.
sensitive or high impedance signals over the phase
planes.
• GND: All of the “quiet” analog functions (mostly the top,
left and bottom of Figure 2 or 3) should share a common
IC GND, tied to the metal pad, and the GND and PGND
pins. These include components associated with the
following pins: VCC, VCC12, FB1, FB2, FB3, REFIN,
REFOUT, VREF, FS_SYNC, SS1/EN1, SS2/EN2,
SS3/EN3, GND, PGND. The metal pad under the IC can
be extended as a local top (or bottom) layer GND plane; if
thermal vias are used to a plane on the opposite layer, that
too can be used as a local GND plane. Vias to the GND
plane only are still acceptable, as long as they are local to
the IC area. Each output section should have its own local
power GND area, away from the IC GND. Finally, all of the
GND’s can be connected together.
Several placement approaches are possible:
• IC and output FETs, caps, and inductors on top level
(tallest heights); most of the miscellaneous resistors and
capacitors (all small heights) on the bottom level; this
allows most of the analog components to be grouped near
the pins, with vias to the pins. The IC can also be placed
on the bottom.
• All components on top level, with output components
facing pins 13-24 side of IC, and input components facing
pins 1-12. This has less flexibility for close placement of
the analog components, but it is still easy to accomplish,
as long as there aren’t too many other board size or shape
constraints.
• In either case, it is recommended that the IC and its
associated components have a local GND, separated from
the output stage GNDs, but connected through the GND
plane.
• Output capacitors should be close to the loads, where the
filtering will help most; small ceramic capacitors (~1µF) in
parallel help for high frequency transients. Input capacitors
should be near the VIN pins of the FETs; the input
capacitor GNDs should be close to the lower FET GND as
well.
• The VIN plane should be large to heatsink the upper FET
effectively, since the drain pin is usually the thermal node.
By the same reasoning then, the phase node plane should
also be large, since the lower FET drain is connected
there. However, the phase node plane couples high
frequency switching noise to other levels nearby, so it
should be minimized for that reason. And don’t route any
26
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Quad Flat No-Lead Plastic Package (QFN)
Micro Lead Frame Plastic Package (MLFP)
L32.5x5
32 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
(COMPLIANT TO JEDEC MO-220VHHD-2 ISSUE C
MILLIMETERS
SYMBOL
MIN
NOMINAL
MAX
NOTES
A
0.80
0.90
1.00
-
A1
-
-
0.05
-
A2
-
-
1.00
A3
b
0.18
D
0.23
9
0.30
5,8
5.00 BSC
D1
D2
9
0.20 REF
-
4.75 BSC
2.95
3.10
9
3.25
7,8
E
5.00 BSC
-
E1
4.75 BSC
9
E2
2.95
e
3.10
3.25
7,8
0.50 BSC
-
k
0.25
-
-
-
L
0.30
0.40
0.50
8
L1
-
-
0.15
10
N
32
Nd
2
8
3
Ne
8
8
3
P
-
-
0.60
9
θ
-
-
12
9
Rev. 1 10/02
NOTES:
1. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5-1994.
2. N is the number of terminals.
3. Nd and Ne refer to the number of terminals on each D and E.
4. All dimensions are in millimeters. Angles are in degrees.
5. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
7. Dimensions D2 and E2 are for the exposed pads which provide
improved electrical and thermal performance.
8. Nominal dimensions are provided to assist with PCB Land Pattern
Design efforts, see Intersil Technical Brief TB389.
9. Features and dimensions A2, A3, D1, E1, P & θ are present when
Anvil singulation method is used and not present for saw
singulation.
10. Depending on the method of lead termination at the edge of the
package, a maximum 0.15mm pull back (L1) maybe present. L
minus L1 to be equal to or greater than 0.3mm.
27
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005
ISL6534
Thin Shrink Small Outline Exposed Pad Plastic Packages (EPTSSOP)
M24.173B
N
INDEX
AREA
E
0.25(0.010) M
E1
GAUGE
PLANE
-B1
2
0.05(0.002)
-A-
0.25
0.010
SEATING PLANE
L
A
D
α
-C-
e
0.10(0.004)
0.10(0.004) M
C A M
B S
3
A2
c
A1
b
2
INCHES
3
TOP VIEW
1
24 LEAD THIN SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE EXPOSED PAD
PLASTIC PACKAGE
B M
SYMBOL
MIN
A
-
MILLIMETERS
MAX
MIN
MAX
NOTES
0.047
-
1.20
-
A1
0.000
0.006
0.00
0.15
A2
0.031
0.051
0.80
1.05
-
b
0.0075
0.0118
0.19
0.30
9
c
0.0035
0.0079
0.09
0.20
-
D
0.303
0.311
7.70
7.90
3
E1
0.169
0.177
4.30
4.50
4
e
0.026 BSC
E
0.246
L
0.0177
N
0.65 BSC
0.256
6.25
0.0295
0.45
24
-
0.75
6
24
7
α
0o
8o
0o
8o
-
P
-
0.197
-
5.00
11
P1
-
0.126
-
3.20
11
NOTES:
P1
-
6.50
Rev. 1 11/03
1. These package dimensions are within allowable dimensions of
JEDEC MO-153-ADT, Issue F.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate
burrs. Mold flash, protrusion and gate burrs shall not exceed
0.15mm (0.006 inch) per side.
4. Dimension “E1” does not include interlead flash or protrusions.
Interlead flash and protrusions shall not exceed 0.15mm (0.006
inch) per side.
5. The chamfer on the body is optional. If it is not present, a visual
index feature must be located within the crosshatched area.
6. “L” is the length of terminal for soldering to a substrate.
7. “N” is the number of terminal positions.
8. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only.
9. Dimension “b” does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable
dambar protrusion shall be 0.08mm (0.003 inch) total in excess
of “b” dimension at maximum material condition. Minimum space
between protrusion and adjacent lead is 0.07mm (0.0027 inch).
10. Controlling dimension: MILLIMETER. Converted inch dimensions are not necessarily exact. (Angles in degrees)
11. Dimensions “P” and “P1” are thermal and/or electrical enhanced
variations. Values shown are maximum size of exposed pad
within lead count and body size.
N
P
BOTTOM VIEW
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
28
FN9134.2
November 18, 2005