DATASHEET

ISL6420
®
Data Sheet
February 13, 2008
Advanced Single Synchronous Buck
Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Controller
The ISL6420 makes simple work out of implementing a
complete control and protection scheme for a highperformance DC/DC buck converter. Designed to drive
N-channel MOSFETs in a synchronous rectified buck
topology, the ISL6420 integrates control, output adjustment,
monitoring and protection functions into a single package.
Additionally, the IC features an external reference voltage
tracking mode for externally referenced buck converter
applications and DDR termination supplies, as well as a
voltage margining mode for system testing in networking
DC/DC converter applications.
The ISL6420 provides simple, single feedback loop, voltage
mode control with fast transient response. The output
voltage of the converter can be precisely regulated to as low
as 0.6V.
The operating frequency is fully adjustable from 100kHz to
1.4MHz. High frequency operation offers cost and space
savings.
The error amplifier features a 15MHz gain-bandwidth
product and 6V/µs slew rate that enables high converter
bandwidth for fast transient response. The PWM duty cycle
ranges from 0% to 100% in transient conditions. Selecting
the capacitor value from the ENSS pin to ground sets a fully
adjustable PWM soft-start. Pulling the ENSS pin LOW
disables the controller.
The ISL6420 monitors the output voltage and generates a
PGOOD (power good) signal when soft-start sequence is
complete and the output is within regulation. A built-in
overvoltage protection circuit prevents the output voltage
from going above typically 115% of the set point. Protection
from overcurrent conditions is provided by monitoring the
rDS(ON) of the upper MOSFET to inhibit the PWM operation
appropriately. This approach simplifies the implementation
and improves efficiency by eliminating the need for a current
sensing resistor.
FN9151.5
Features
• Operates from 4.5V to 16V Input
• 0.6V Internal Reference Voltage
- ±1.0% Reference Voltage Accuracy
• Resistor-Selectable Switching Frequency
- 100kHz to 1.4MHz
• Voltage Margining and External Reference Tracking
Modes
• Output Can Sink or Source Current
• Lossless, Programmable Overcurrent Protection
- Uses Upper MOSFET‘s rDS(ON)
• Programmable Soft-Start
• Drives N-Channel MOSFETs
• Simple Single-Loop Control Design
- Voltage-Mode PWM Control
• Fast Transient Response
- High-Bandwidth Error Amplifier
- Full 0% to 100% Duty Cycle
• Extensive Circuit Protection Functions
- PGOOD, overvoltage, overcurrent, Shutdown
• QFN (4x4) Package
- QFN Compliant to JEDEC PUB95 MO-220 QFN - Quad
Flat No Leads - Product Outline
- QFN Near Chip Scale Package Footprint; Improves
PCB Efficiency, Thinner in Profile
• Also Available in QSOP Package
• Pb-Free Available (RoHS Compliant)
Applications
• Power Supplies for Microprocessors/ASICs
- Embedded Controllers
- DSP and Core Processors
- DDR SDRAM Bus Termination
• Ethernet Routers and Switchers
• High-Power DC/DC Regulators
• Distributed DC/DC Power Architecture
• Personal Computer Peripherals
• Externally Referenced Buck Converters
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright © Intersil Americas Inc. 2004-2005, 2008. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ISL6420
Pinouts
ISL6420
(20 LD QSOP)
TOP VIEW
19
PVCC
PHASE
18
17
LGATE
20
UGATE
BOOT
ISL6420
(20 LD QFN)
TOP VIEW
CDEL
1
PGND
2
19 ENSS
16
LGATE
3
18 COMP
GPIO2
1
15 PGND
GPIO1/REFIN
2
14 CDEL
12 ENSS
VMSET/MODE
5
11 COMP
6
7
8
9
10
FB
4
RT
REFOUT
SGND
13 PGOOD
VIN
3
VCC5
OCSET
20 PGOOD
PVCC
4
17 FB
PHASE
5
16 RT
UGATE
6
15 SGND
BOOT
7
14 VIN
GPIO2
8
13 VCC5
GPIO1/REFIN
9
12 VMSET/MODE
OCSET 10
11 REFOUT
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
PART MARKING
TEMP.
RANGE (°C)
-40 to +85
PACKAGE
20 Ld 4x4 QFN
PKG.
DWG. #
ISL6420IR
ISL 6420IRZ
ISL6420IR-T*
ISL 6420IRZ
ISL6420IRZ (Note)
64 20IRZ
ISL6420IRZ-T* (Note)
64 20IRZ
20 Ld 4x4 QFN Tape and Reel (Pb-free)
L20.4x4
ISL6420IRZ-TK* (Note)
64 20IRZ
20 Ld 4x4 QFN Tape and Reel (Pb-free)
L20.4x4
ISL6420IA
ISL 6420IA
-40 to +85
ISL6420IA-TK*
ISL 6420IA
20 Ld QSOP Tape and Reel
ISL6420IAZ (Note)
ISL 6420IAZ
ISL6420IAZ-TK* (Note)
ISL 6420IAZ
20 Ld 4x4 QFN Tape and Reel
-40 to +85
-40 to +85
20 Ld 4x4 QFN (Pb-free)
20 Ld QSOP
L20.4x4
L20.4x4
L20.4x4
M20.15
M20.15
20 Ld QSOP (Pb-free)
20 Ld QSOP Tape and Reel (Pb-free)
M20.15
M20.15
*Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.
NOTE: These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100%
matte tin plate PLUS ANNEAL - e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations.
Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J
STD-020.
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FN9151.5
February 13, 2008
ISL6420
Functional Block Diagram
VIN
VCC5
OCSET
SGND
LDO
OVERCURRENT
COMP
+
OCFLT
PHASE
REFERENCE
0.6V
SS
+
OVFLT
UVFLT
UGATE
FAULT
LOGIC
PHASE
ERROR
AMP
PHASE
LOGIC
+
-
FB
BOOT
-
PWM
LOGIC
PWM
COMP
COMP
PVCC
GPIO1/REFIN
LGATE
RAMP
GENERATOR
GPIO2
REFOUT
VOLTAGE
MARGINING
VMSET/MODE
OV/UV
VOLTAGE
MONITOR
FB
PGND
OVFLT
PGOOD
UVFLT
OSC
EN/SS
RT
ENSS
CDEL
Typical 5V Input DC/DC Application Schematic
5V
C6
C1
C3
C2
PVCC
VIN
C5
C4
VCC5
D1
OCSET
MONITOR AND
PROTECTION
ENSS
BOOT
RT
C7
0.1µF
R1
Q1
PGOOD
C9
UGATE
OSC
R2
L1
PHASE
CDEL
REF
C8
3.3V
SGND
++
--
FB
R3
COMP
Q2
C10
PGND
GPIO1/REFIN
C11
R6
R5
LGATE
-+
+
REFOUT
GPIO2
C12
C13
R4
VMSET/MODE
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FN9151.5
February 13, 2008
ISL6420
Typical 12V Input DC/DC Application Schematic
12V
C6
C1
C3
C2
PVCC
VIN
C5
C4
VCC5
D1
OCSET
MONITOR AND
PROTECTION
ENSS
BOOT
RT
Q1
PGOOD
R2
C7
R1
C9
UGATE
OSC
L1
PHASE
CDEL
REF
C8
3.3V
SGND
R3
C10
PGND
COMP
GPIO1/REFIN
C11
R6
C12
R5
Q2
LGATE
-+
+
++
--
FB
GPIO2
REFOUT
C13
R4
VMSET/MODE
Typical 5V Input DC/DC Application Schematic
5V
C6
C1
C3
C2
VIN
PVCC
C5
C4
D1
VCC5
OCSET
MONITOR AND
PROTECTION
SS/EN
BOOT
RT
Q1
CDEL
C7
R2
R1
C8
UGATE
OSC
L1
PHASE
PGOOD
REF
2.5V/1.25V
SGND
R3
LGATE
-+
+
++
--
FB
COMP
C9
GPIO1/REFIN <-- VREF = VDDQ/2
GPIO2
C10
C11
Q2
PGND
REFOUT
R5
C12
1.25V VREF
TO REFIN OF VTT SUPPLY
VMSET/MODE
VCC5
R4
CONFIGURATION FOR DDR TERMINATION/EXTERNALLY REFERENCED TRACKING APPLICATIONS
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February 13, 2008
ISL6420
Typical 12V Input DC/DC Application Schematic
12V
C6
C1
C2
C3
VIN
PVCC
C5
C4
VCC5
D1
OCSET
MONITOR AND
PROTECTION
SS/EN
RT
C7
BOOT
Q1
CDEL
R2
R1
UGATE
OSC
C8
L1
PHASE
PGOOD
REF
2.5V/1.25V
VDDQ/VTT
SGND
-+
+
++
--
FB
LGATE
C9
PGND
COMP
R3
Q2
GPIO1/REFIN <-- VREF = VDDQ/2
C10
GPIO2
C11
R5
REFOUT
C12
1.25V VREF
TO REFIN OF VTT SUPPLY
VMSET/MODE
VCC5
R4
CONFIGURATION FOR DDR TERMINATION/EXTERNALLY REFERENCED TRACKING APPLICATIONS
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February 13, 2008
ISL6420
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
Thermal Information
Bias Voltage, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+18V
BOOT and Ugate Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +24V
Thermal Resistance (Typical)
θJA (°C/W)
θJC (°C/W)
QFN Package (Notes 2, 3). . . . . . . . . .
47
8.5
QSOP Package (Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . .
90
NA
Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . . . . . . +150°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C
Ambient Temperature Range. . . . . . . . -40°C to +85°C (for “I” suffix)
Junction Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +125°C
Pb-free reflow profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see link below
http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and
result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTES:
1. All voltages are with respect to GND.
2. θJA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See
Tech Brief TB379.
3. For θJC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
Electrical Specifications
Operating Conditions, Unless Otherwise Noted: VIN = 12V, PVCC shorted with VCC5, TA = +25°C
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
5.6
12
16
V
-
1.4
-
mA
-
2.0
3.0
mA
VIN SUPPLY
Input Voltage Range
VIN SUPPLY CURRENT
Shutdown Current (Note 4)
ENSS = GND
Operating Current (Notes 4, 5)
VCC5 SUPPLY (Notes 5, 6)
Input Voltage Range
VIN = VCC5 for 5V configuration
4.5
5.0
5.5
V
Output Voltage
VIN = 5.6V to 16V, IL = 3mA to 50mA
4.5
5.0
5.5
V
Maximum Output Current
VIN = 12V
50
-
-
mA
4.32
4.4
4.45
V
Falling VCC5 Threshold
4.09
4.1
4.25
V
UVLO Threshold Hysteresis
0.16
-
-
V
POWER-ON RESET
Rising VCC5 Threshold
VIN connected to VCC5, 5V input
operation
PWM CONVERTERS
Maximum Duty Cycle
FSW = 300kHz
90
96
-
%
Minimum Duty Cycle
FSW = 300kHz
-
-
0
%
-
80
-
nA
FB pin bias current
Undervoltage Protection
VUV1
Fraction of the set point; ~3μs noise filter
75
-
85
%
Overvoltage Protection
VOVP1
Fraction of the set point; ~1μs noise filter
112
-
120
%
Free Running Frequency
RT = VCC5, TA = -40°C to +85°C
270
300
330
kHz
Total Variation
TA = -40°C to +85°C, with freq. set by
external resistor at RT
-10
-
+10
%
Frequency Range (Set by RT)
VIN = 12V
100
-
1400
kHz
-
1.25
-
VP-P
OSCILLATOR
ΔVOSC
Ramp Amplitude (Note 7)
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FN9151.5
February 13, 2008
ISL6420
Electrical Specifications
Operating Conditions, Unless Otherwise Noted: VIN = 12V, PVCC shorted with VCC5, TA = +25°C (Continued)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
0.606
V
REFERENCE AND SOFT-START/ENABLE
Internal Reference Voltage
Soft-Start Current
Soft-Start Threshold
VREF
0.594
ISS
-
10
-
μA
VSOFT
1.0
-
-
V
-
-
1.0
V
-
0.7
-
A
Enable Low (Converter disabled)
PWM CONTROLLER GATE DRIVERS
Gate Drive Peak Current
Rise Time
Co = 1000pF
-
20
-
ns
Fall Time
Co = 1000pF
-
20
-
ns
-
20
-
ns
-
88
-
dB
GBW
-
15
-
MHz
SR
-
6
-
V/μs
Vocset = 4.5V
80
100
120
μA
Dead Time Between Drivers
ERROR AMPLIFIER
DC Gain (Note 7)
Gain-Bandwidth Product (Note 7)
Slew Rate (Note 7)
PROTECTION
OCSET Current Source
IOCSET
POWER GOOD AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS
Power-Good Lower Threshold
VPG-
Fraction of the set point; ~3μs noise filter
-14
-10
-8
%
Power-Good Higher Threshold
VPG+
Fraction of the set point; ~3μs noise filter
10
-
16
%
VPULLUP = 5.5V
-
-
1
μA
PGOOD Voltage Low
IPGOOD = 4mA
-
-
0.5
V
PGOOD Delay
CDEL = 0.1µF
-
125
-
ms
CDEL Current for PGOOD
CDEL threshold = 2.5V
-
2
-
μA
-
2.5
-
V
VMSET/MODE = H, CREFOUT = 2.2µF
0.6
-
1.25
V
PGOOD Leakage Current
IPGLKG
CDEL Threshold
EXTERNAL REFERENCE
External Reference Input Range at
GPIO1/REFIN.
REFERENCE BUFFER
Buffered Output Voltage - Internal Reference
VREFOUT
IREFOUT = 20mA,
VMSET/MODE = HIGH,
CREFOUT = 2.2µF, TA = -40°C to +85°C
0.585
0.6V
0.615
V
Buffered Output Voltage - External Reference
VREFOUT
VREFIN = 1.25V, IREFOUT = 20mA,
VMSET/MODE = HIGH,
CREFOUT = 2.2µF
Vrefin
-0.01
-
Vrefin
+0.01
V
20
-
-
mA
+10
%
Current Drive Capability
CREFOUT = 2.2µF
VOLTAGE MARGINING
Voltage Margining Range (Note 7)
-10
CDEL Current for Voltage Margining
Slew Time
CDEL = 0.1µF, VMSET/MODE = 330kΩ
7
-
100
-
μA
-
2.5
-
ms
FN9151.5
February 13, 2008
ISL6420
Electrical Specifications
Operating Conditions, Unless Otherwise Noted: VIN = 12V, PVCC shorted with VCC5, TA = +25°C (Continued)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
ISET1 on FB Pin
VMSET/MODE = 330k,
GPIO1/REFIN = L
GPIO2 = H
-
7.48
-
μA
ISET2 on FB Pin
VMSET/MODE = 330k,
GPIO1/REFIN = H
GPIO2 = L
-
7.48
-
μA
Shutdown Temperature (Note 7)
-
150
-
°C
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis (Note 7)
-
20
-
°C
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
NOTES:
4. The operating supply current and shutdown current specifications for 5V input are the same as VIN supply current specifications, i.e., 5.6V to
16V input conditions. These should also be tested with part configured for 5V input configuration, i.e., VIN = VCC5 = PVCC = 5V.
5. This is the VCC current consumed when the device is active but not switching. Does not include gate drive current.
6. When the input voltage is 5.6V to 16V at VIN pin, the VCC5 pin provides a 5V output capable of 50mA (max) total from the internal LDO. When
the input voltage is 5V, VCC5 pin will be used as a 5V input, the internal LDO regulator is disabled and the VIN must be connected to the VCC5.
In both cases the PVCC pin should always be connected to VCC5 pin. (Refer to the Pin Descriptions sections for more details.)
7. Limits established by characterization and are not production tested.
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FN9151.5
February 13, 2008
ISL6420
0.604
320
0.602
310
VSW (kHz)
VREF (V)
Typical Performance Curves
0.6
0.598
0.596
0.594
-40
300
290
280
-15
10
35
TEMPERATURE (°C)
60
270
-40
85
-15
FIGURE 1. VREF vs. TEMPERATURE
10
35
TEMPERATURE (°C)
60
85
FIGURE 2. VSW vs. TEMPERATURE
98
94
EFFICIENCY (%)
IOCSET NORMALIZED
VIN = 5V
96
1.15
1.05
0.95
VIN = 12V
92
90
88
86
84
82
0.85
-40
80
-15
10
35
TEMPERATURE (°C)
60
85
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
LOAD (A)
7
8
9
10
FIGURE 3. IOCSET vs. TEMPERATURE
FIGURE 4. EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT (VOUT = 3.3V)
FIGURE 5. PWM WAVEFORMS
FIGURE 6. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
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February 13, 2008
ISL6420
Pin Descriptions
VIN
This pin powers the controller and must be closely
decoupled to ground using a ceramic capacitor as close to
the VIN pin as possible.
TABLE 1. INPUT SUPPLY CONFIGURATION
INPUT
PIN CONFIGURATION
5.6V to 16V
Connect the input to the VIN pin. The VCC5
pin will provide a 5V output from the internal
LDO. Connect PVCC to VCC5.
5V +±10%
Connect the input to the VCC5 pin. Connect
the PVCC and VIN pins to VCC5.
frequency of 300kHz. By placing a resistor from this pin to
GND, the oscillator frequency can be programmed from
100kHz to 1.4MHz. Figure 7 shows the oscillator frequency
vs. the RT resistance.
CDEL
The PGOOD signal can be delayed by a time proportional to
a CDEL current of 2µA and the value of the capacitor
connected between this pin and ground. A 0.1µF will
typically provide 125ms delay. When in the Voltage
Margining mode the CDEL current is 100µA typical and
provides the delay for the output voltage slew rate, 2.5ms
typical for the 0.1µF capacitor.
This pin provides the signal and power ground for the IC. Tie
this pin to the ground plane through the lowest impedance
connection.
LGATE
This pin provides the PWM-controlled gate drive for the
lower MOSFET.
PHASE
This pin is the junction point of the output filter inductor, the
upper MOSFET source and the lower MOSFET drain. This
pin is used to monitor the voltage drop across the upper
MOSFET for overcurrent protection. This pin also provides a
return path for the upper gate drive.
UGATE
This pin provides the PWM-controlled gate drive for the
upper MOSFET.
BOOT
This pin powers the upper MOSFET driver. Connect this pin
to the junction of the bootstrap capacitor and the cathode of
the bootstrap diode. The anode of the bootstrap diode is
connected to the VCC5 pin.
FB
This pin is connected to the feedback resistor divider and
provides the voltage feedback signal for the controller. This
pin sets the output voltage of the converter.
FREQUENCY (kHz)
SGND
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
25
50
75
RT (kΩ)
100
125
150
FIGURE 7. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. RT
PGND
This pin provides the power ground for the IC. Tie this pin to
the ground plane through the lowest impedance connection.
PVCC
This pin is the power connection for the gate drivers.
Connect this pin to the VCC5 pin.
VCC5
This pin is the output of the internal 5V LDO. Connect a
minimum of 4.7µF ceramic decoupling capacitor as close to
the IC as possible at this pin. Refer to Table 1.
ENSS
COMP
This pin provides enable/disable function and soft-start for
the PWM output. The output drivers are turned off when this
pin is held below 1V.
This pin is the error amplifier output pin. It is used as the
compensation point for the PWM error amplifier.
OCSET
PGOOD
This pin provides a power good status. It is an open collector
output used to indicate the status of the output voltage.
RT
Connect a resistor (ROCSET) and a capacitor from this pin to
the drain of the upper MOSFET. ROCSET, an internal 100µA
current source (IOCSET), and the upper MOSFET on
resistance rDS(ON) set the converter overcurrent (OC) trip
point.
This is the oscillator frequency selection pin. Connecting this
pin directly to VCC5 will select the oscillator free running
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February 13, 2008
ISL6420
GPIO1/REFIN
reference tracking mode are not needed, this pin can be tied
directly to ground.
This is a dual function pin. If VMSET/MODE is not connected
to VCC5 then this pin serves as GPIO1. Refer to Table 2 for
GPIO1 commands interpretation.
GPIO2
If VMSET/MODE is connected to VCC5 then this pin will
serve as REFIN. As REFIN, this pin is the non-inverting input
to the error amplifier. Connect the desired reference voltage
to this pin in the range of 0.6V to 1.25V.
Exposed Thermal Pad
Connect this pin to VCC5 to use internal reference.
This is general purpose IO pin for voltage margining. Refer
to Table 2.
This pad is electrically isolated. Connect this pad to the
signal ground plane using at least five vias for a robust
thermal conduction path.
REFOUT
TABLE 2. VOLTAGE MARGINING CONTROLLED BY
GPIO1/REFIN AND GPIO2
It provides buffered reference output for REFIN. Connect
2.2µF decoupling capacitor to this pin.
GPIO1/REFIN
GPIO2
VOUT
L
L
No Change
L
H
+ Delta VOUT
H
L
- Delta VOUT
H
H
Ignored
VMSET/MODE
This pin is a dual function pin. Tie this pin to VCC5 to disable
voltage margining. When not tied to VCC5, this pin serves as
VMSET. Connect a resistor from this pin to ground to set the
delta for voltage margining. If voltage margining and external
TABLE 3. VOLTAGE MARGINING/DDR OR TRACKING SUPPLY PIN CONFIGURATION
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
FUNCTION/MODES
VMSET/MODE
REFOUT
GPIO1/REFIN
Enable Voltage Margining Pin Connected to GND with
resistor. It is used as VMSET.
Connect a 2.2µF capacitor for Serves as a general
bypass of external reference. purpose I/O. Refer to
Table 2
No Voltage Margining.
Normal operation with
internal reference.
Buffered VREFOUT = 0.6V.
H
Connect a 2.2µF capacitor to
GND.
No Voltage Margining.
External reference.
Buffered VREFOUT =
VREFIN
H
Connect a 2.2µF capacitor to Connect to an external
GND.
reference voltage source
(0.6V to 1.25V)
H (Note 9)
GPIO2
Serves as a general
purpose I/O. Refer to
Table 2
L
L
NOTES:
8. The GPIO1/REFIN and GPIO2 pins cannot be left floating.
9. Ensure that GPIO1/REFIN is tied high prior to the logic change at VMSET/MODE.
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February 13, 2008
ISL6420
Functional Description
Initialization
The ISL6420 automatically initializes upon receipt of power.
The Power-On Reset (POR) function monitors the internal
bias voltage generated from LDO output (VCC5) and the
ENSS pin. The POR function initiates the soft-start operation
after the VCC5 exceeds the POR threshold. The POR
function inhibits operation with the chip disabled (ENSS
pin <1V).
The device can operate from an input supply voltage of 5.6V
to 16V connected directly to the VIN pin using the internal 5V
linear regulator to bias the chip and supply the gate drivers.
For 5V ±10% applications, connect VIN to VCC5 to bypass
the linear regulator.
Soft-Start/Enable
The ISL6420 soft-start function uses an internal current
source and an external capacitor to reduce stresses and
surge current during startup.
When the output of the internal linear regulator reaches the
POR threshold, the POR function initiates the soft-start
sequence. An internal 10µA current source charges an
external capacitor on the ENSS pin linearly from 0V to 3.3V.
When the ENSS pin voltage reaches 1V typically, the
internal 0.6V reference begins to charge following the dv/dt
of the ENSS voltage. As the soft-start pin charges from 1V to
1.6V, the reference voltage charges from 0V to 0.6V.
Figure 8 shows a typical soft-start sequence.
The overcurrent function cycles the soft-start function in a
hiccup mode to provide fault protection. A resistor connected
to the drain of the upper FET and the OCSET pin programs
the overcurrent trip level. The PHASE node voltage will be
compared against the voltage on the OCSET pin, while the
upper FET is on. A current (100µA typically) is pulled from
the OCSET pin to establish the OCSET voltage. If PHASE is
lower than OCSET while the upper FET is on then an overcurrent condition is detected for that clock cycle. The upper
gate pulse is immediately terminated, and a counter is incremented. If an overcurrent condition is detected for
8 consecutive clock cycles, and the circuit is not in soft-start,
the ISL6420 enters into the soft-start hiccup mode. During
hiccup, the external capacitor on the ENSS pin is discharged. After the capacitor is discharged, it is released and
a soft-start cycle is initiated. There are three dummy softstart delay cycles to allow the MOSFETs to cool down, to
keep the average power dissipation in hiccup mode at an
acceptable level. At the forth soft-start cycle, the output
starts a normal soft-start cycle, and the output tries to ramp.
During soft-start, pulse termination current limiting is
enabled, but the 8-cycle hiccup counter is held in reset until
soft-start is completed. Figure 9 shows the overcurrent hiccup mode.
VOUT
IOUT
PHASE
ENSS
FIGURE 9. TYPICAL OVER-CURRENT HICCUP MODE
The overcurrent function will trip at a peak inductor current
(IOC) determined from Equation 1, where IOCSET is the
internal OCSET current source.
I OCSET • R OCSET
I OC = --------------------------------------------------R DS ( ON )
FIGURE 8. TYPICAL SOFT-START WAVEFORM
Overcurrent Protection
The overcurrent function protects the converter from a
shorted output by using the upper MOSFET’s on-resistance,
rDS(ON) to monitor the current. This method enhances the
converter’s efficiency and reduces cost by eliminating a
current sensing resistor.
12
(EQ. 1)
The OC trip point varies mainly due to the upper MOSFETs
rDS(ON) variations. To avoid overcurrent tripping in the
normal operating load range, find the ROCSET resistor from
the equation above with:
1. The maximum rDS(ON) at the highest junction
temperature.
2. Determine I OC for I OC > I OUT ( MAX ) + ( ΔI ) ⁄ 2 ,
where ΔI is the output inductor ripple current.
FN9151.5
February 13, 2008
ISL6420
A small ceramic capacitor should be placed in parallel with
ROCSET to smooth the voltage across ROCSET in the
presence of switching noise on the input voltage.
Voltage Margining
The ISL6420 has a voltage margining mode that can be
used for system testing. The voltage margining percentage
is resistor selectable up to ±10%. The voltage margining
mode can be enabled by connecting a margining set resistor
from VMSET/MODE pin to ground and using the control pins
GPIO1/REFIN and GPIO2 to toggle between positive and
negative margining (Refer to Table 2). With voltage
margining enabled, the VMSET resistor to ground sets a
current, which is switched to the FB pin. The current will be
equal to 2.468V divided by the value of the external resistor
tied to the VMSET/MODE pin.
2.468V
I VM = -----------------------R VMSET
(EQ. 2)
R FB
ΔV VM = 2.468V -----------------------R VMSET
(EQ. 3)
The power supply output increases when GPIO2 is HIGH
and decreases when GPIO1/REFIN is HIGH. The amount
that the output voltage of the power supply changes with
voltage margining, will be equal to 2.468V times the ratio of
the external feedback resistor and the external resistor tied
to VMSET/MODE pin. Figure 9 shows the positive and
negative margining for a 3.3V output, using a 20.5kΩ
feedback resistor and using various VMSET resistor values.
3.7
3.5
3.4
VOUT (V)
VOUT
100mV/DIV
2ms/DIV
FIGURE 11. VOLTAGE MARGINING SLEW TIME
The slew time of the current is set by an external capacitor
on the CDEL pin, which is charged and discharged with a
100μA current source. The change in voltage on the
capacitor is 2.5V. This same capacitor is used to set the
PGOOD active delay after soft-start. When PGOOD is low,
the internal PGOOD circuitry uses the capacitor and when
PGOOD is high the voltage margining circuit uses the
capacitor. The slew time for voltage margining can be in the
range of 300µs to 2ms.
External Reference/DDR Supply
The voltage margining can be disabled by connecting the
VMSET/MODE to VCC5. In this mode the chip can be
configured to work with an external reference input and
provide a buffered reference output.
If VMSET/MODE pin and the GPIO1/REFIN pin are both tied
to VCC5, then the internal 0.6V reference is used as the
error amplifier non-inverting input. The buffered reference
output on REFOUT will be 0.6V ±0.01V, capable of sourcing
20mA and sinking up to 50µA current with a 2.2µF capacitor
connected to the REFOUT pin.
3.6
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
150
VOUT
100m/DIV
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
RVMSET (kΩ)
FIGURE 10. VOLTAGE MARGINING vs VMSET RESISTANCE
If VMSET/MODE pin is tied to high but GPIO1/REFIN is
connected to external voltage source between 0.6V to 1.25V,
then this external voltage is used as the reference voltage at
the positive input of the error amplifier. The buffered
reference output on REFOUT will be Vrefin ±0.01V, capable
of sourcing 20mA and sinking up to 50µA current with a
2.2µF capacitor on the REFOUT pin.
Power Good
The PGOOD pin can be used to monitor the status of the
output voltage. PGOOD will be true (open drain) when the
FB pin is within ±10% of the reference and the ENSS pin has
completed its soft-start ramp.
Additionally, a capacitor on the CDEL pin will set a delay for
the PGOOD signal. After the ENSS pin completes its softstart ramp, a 2µA current begins charging the CDEL
13
FN9151.5
February 13, 2008
ISL6420
capacitor to 2.5V. The capacitor will be quickly discharged
before PGOOD goes high. The programmable delay can be
used to sequence multiple converters or as a LOW-true
reset signal.
Application Guidelines
Layout Considerations
As in any high frequency switching converter, layout is very
important. Switching current from one power device to
another can generate voltage transients across the
impedances of the interconnecting bond wires and circuit
traces. These interconnecting impedances should be
minimized by using wide, short printed circuit traces. The
critical components should be located as close together as
possible using ground plane construction or single point
grounding.
VIN
ISL6420
Q1
LO
VOUT
FIGURE 12. PGOOD DELAY
If the voltage on the FB pin exceeds ±10% of the reference,
then PGOOD will go low after 3µs of noise filtering.
Over-Temperature Protection
The IC is protected against over temperature conditions.
When the junction temperature exceeds +150°C, the PWM
shuts off. Normal operation is resumed when the junction
temperature is cooled down to +130°C.
Shutdown
When ENSS pin is below 1V, the regulator is disabled with
the PWM output drivers tri-stated. When disabled, the IC
power will be reduced.
Under-Voltage
If the voltage on the FB pin is less than 15% of the reference
voltage for 8 consecutive PWM cycles, then the circuit enters
into soft-start hiccup mode. This mode is identical to the
overcurrent hiccup mode.
Overvoltage Protection
If the voltage on the FB pin exceeds the reference voltage by
15%, the lower gate driver is turned on continuously to
discharge the output voltage. If the overvoltage condition
continues for 32 consecutive PWM cycles, then the chip is
turned off with the gate drivers tri-stated. The voltage on the
FB pin will fall and reach the 15% undervoltage threshold.
After 8 clock cycles, the chip will enter soft-start hiccup
mode. This mode is identical to the overcurrent hiccup
mode.
CIN
LGATE
Q2
D2
CO
LOAD
UGATE
PHASE
GND
RETURN
FIGURE 13. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD POWER AND
GROUND PLANES OR ISLANDS
Figure 12 shows the critical power components of the
converter. To minimize the voltage overshoot the
interconnecting wires indicated by heavy lines should be part
of ground or power plane in a printed circuit board. The
components shown in Figure 12 should be located as close
together as possible. Please note that the capacitors CIN
and CO each represent numerous physical capacitors.
Locate the ISL6420 within 3 inches of the MOSFETs, Q1 and
Q2. The circuit traces for the MOSFETs’ gate and source
connections from the ISL6420 must be sized to handle up to
1A peak current.
Figure 13 shows the circuit traces that require additional
layout consideration. Use single point and ground plane
construction for the circuits shown. Minimize any leakage
current paths on the ENSS PIN and locate the capacitor, Css
close to the ENSS pin because the internal current source is
only 30µA. Provide local VCC decoupling between VCC and
GND pins. Locate the capacitor, CBOOT as close as practical
to the BOOT and PHASE pins.
Feedback Compensation
Figure 14 highlights the voltage-mode control loop for a
synchronous-rectified buck converter. The output voltage
(Vout) is regulated to the Reference voltage level. The error
amplifier (Error Amp) output (VE/A) is compared with the
14
FN9151.5
February 13, 2008
ISL6420
+VIN
BOOT
Modulator Break Frequency Equations
D1
Q1
CBOOT
ISL6420
the modulator is simply the input voltage (VIN) divided by the
peak-to-peak oscillator voltage ΔVOSC.
LO
VOUT
LOAD
PHASE
ENSS
+5V
CO
Q2
VCC
1
F LC = --------------------------------------2π • L O • C O
(EQ. 4)
1
F ESR = --------------------------------------------2π • ( ESR • C O )
(EQ. 5)
CVCC
CSS
GND
FIGURE 14. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD SMALL SIGNAL
LAYOUT GUIDELINES
VIN
OSC
DRIVER
PWM
COMPARATOR
LO
-
ΔVOSC
DRIVER
+
VOUT
PHASE
CO
ESR
(PARASITIC)
The compensation network consists of the error amplifier
(internal to the ISL6420) and the impedance networks ZIN
and ZFB. The goal of the compensation network is to provide
a closed loop transfer function with the highest 0dB crossing
frequency (f0dB) and adequate phase margin. Phase margin
is the difference between the closed loop phase at f0dB and
180o. The equations below relate the compensation
network’s poles, zeros and gain to the components (R1, R2,
R3, C1, C2, and C3) in Figure 14. Use these guidelines for
locating the poles and zeros of the compensation network:
Compensation Break Frequency Equations
1
F Z1 = ---------------------------------2π • R 2 • C1
(EQ. 6)
1
F P1 = ------------------------------------------------------C1 • C2
2π • R2 • ⎛ ----------------------⎞
⎝ C1 + C2⎠
(EQ. 7)
1
F Z2 = -----------------------------------------------------2π • ( R1 + R3 ) • C3
(EQ. 8)
1
F P2 = ---------------------------------2π • R3 • C3
(EQ. 9)
ZFB
VE/A
-
ZIN
+
REFERENCE
ERROR
AMP
DETAILED COMPENSATION COMPONENTS
ZFB
VOUT
C2
C1
ZIN
C3
R2
R3
R1
COMP
FB
-
1. Pick Gain (R2/R1) for desired converter bandwidth
2. Place 1ST Zero Below Filter’s Double Pole
(~75% FLC)
3. Place 2ND Zero at Filter’s Double Pole
4. Place 1ST Pole at the ESR Zero
+
5. Place 2ND Pole at Half the Switching Frequency
ISL6420
REF
6. Check Gain against Error Amplifier’s Open-Loop Gain
7. Estimate Phase Margin - Repeat if Necessary
FIGURE 15. VOLTAGE - MODE BUCK CONVERTER
COMPENSATION DESIGN
oscillator (OSC) triangular wave to provide a pulse-width
modulated (PWM) wave with an amplitude of VIN at the
PHASE node. The PWM wave is smoothed by the output filter
(LO and CO).
The modulator transfer function is the small-signal transfer
function of Vout/VE/A. This function is dominated by a DC
Gain and the output filter (LO and CO), with a double pole
break frequency at FLC and a zero at FESR. The DC Gain of
15
Figure 15 shows an asymptotic plot of the DC/DC
converter’s gain vs. frequency. The actual Modulator Gain
has a high gain peak do to the high Q factor of the output
filter and is not shown in Figure 15. Using the above
guidelines should give a Compensation Gain similar to the
curve plotted. The open loop error amplifier gain bounds the
compensation gain. Check the compensation gain at FP2
with the capabilities of the error amplifier. The Loop Gain is
constructed on the log-log graph of Figure 15 by adding the
Modulator Gain (in dB) to the Compensation Gain (in dB).
This is equivalent to multiplying the modulator transfer
FN9151.5
February 13, 2008
ISL6420
function to the compensation transfer function and plotting
the gain.
100
FZ1 FZ2
FP1
FP2
80
OPEN LOOP
ERROR AMP GAIN
GAIN (dB)
60
40
20
20LOG
(R2/R1)
20LOG
(VIN/ΔVOSC)
0
COMPENSATION
GAIN
MODULATOR
GAIN
-20
LOOP GAIN
-40
FLC
-60
10
100
1k
FESR
10k
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FIGURE 16. ASYMPTOTIC BODE PLOT OF CONVERTER GAIN
The compensation gain uses external impedance networks
ZFB and ZIN to provide a stable, high bandwidth (BW) overall
loop. A stable control loop has a gain crossing with 20dB/decade slope and a phase margin greater than 45°.
Include worst case component variations when determining
phase margin.
Component Selection Guidelines
Output Capacitor Selection
An output capacitor is required to filter the output and supply
the load transient current. The filtering requirements are a
function of the switching frequency and the ripple current.
The load transient requirements are a function of the slew
rate (di/dt) and the magnitude of the transient load current.
These requirements are generally met with a mix of
capacitors and careful layout.
Modern microprocessors produce transient load rates above
1A/ns. High frequency capacitors initially supply the transient
and slow the current load rate seen by the bulk capacitors.
The bulk filter capacitor values are generally determined by
the ESR (effective series resistance) and voltage rating
requirements rather than actual capacitance requirements.
High frequency decoupling capacitors should be placed as
close to the power pins of the load as physically possible. Be
careful not to add inductance in the circuit board wiring that
could cancel the usefulness of these low inductance
components. Consult with the manufacturer of the load on
specific decoupling requirements. For example, Intel
recommends that the high frequency decoupling for the
Pentium Pro be composed of at least forty (40) 1.0µF
ceramic capacitors in the 1206 surface-mount package.
Use only specialized low-ESR capacitors intended for
switching-regulator applications for the bulk capacitors.
The bulk capacitor’s ESR will determine the output ripple
voltage and the initial voltage drop after a high slew-rate
16
transient. An aluminum electrolytic capacitor's ESR value is
related to the case size with lower ESR available in larger
case sizes. However, the equivalent series inductance (ESL)
of these capacitors increases with case size and can reduce
the usefulness of the capacitor to high slew-rate transient
loading. Unfortunately, ESL is not a specified parameter.
Work with your capacitor supplier and measure the
capacitor’s impedance with frequency to select a suitable
component. In most cases, multiple electrolytic capacitors of
small case size perform better than a single large case
capacitor.
Output Inductor Selection
The output inductor is selected to meet the output voltage
ripple requirements and minimize the converter’s response
time to the load transients. The inductor value determines
the converter’s ripple current and the ripple voltage is a
function of the ripple current and the output capacitors ESR.
The ripple voltage and current are approximated by the
following equations:
V IN - V OUT V OUT
ΔI L = -------------------------------- ⋅ ---------------Fs x L
V IN
(EQ. 10)
ΔV OUT = ΔI L ⋅ ESR
(EQ. 11)
Increasing the value of inductance reduces the ripple current
and voltage. However, larger inductance values reduce the
converter’s response time to a load transient.
One of the parameters limiting the converter’s response to a
load transient is the time required to change the inductor
current. Given a sufficiently fast control loop design, the
ISL6420 will provide either 0% or 100% duty cycle in
response to a load transient. The response time is the time
required to slew the inductor current from an initial current
value to the transient current level. During this interval the
difference between the inductor current and the transient
current level must be supplied by the output capacitor.
Minimizing the response time can minimize the output
capacitance required.
The response time to a transient is different for the
application of load and the removal of load. The following
equations give the approximate response time interval for
application and removal of a transient load:
L O × I TRAN
t RISE = -------------------------------V IN – V OUT
(EQ. 12)
L O × I TRAN
t FALL = ------------------------------V OUT
(EQ. 13)
where: ITRAN is the transient load current step, tRISE is the
response time to the application of load, and tFALL is the
response time to the removal of load. With a +5V input
source, the worst case response time can be either at the
application or removal of load and dependent upon the
FN9151.5
February 13, 2008
ISL6420
output voltage setting. Be sure to check both of these
equations at the minimum and maximum output levels for
the worst case response time.
Input Capacitor Selection
Use a mix of input bypass capacitors to control the voltage
overshoot across the MOSFETs. Use small ceramic
capacitors for high frequency decoupling and bulk capacitors
to supply the current needed each time Q1 turns on. Place the
small ceramic capacitors physically close to the MOSFETs
and between the drain of Q1 and the source of Q2.
The important parameters for the bulk input capacitor are the
voltage rating and the RMS current rating. For reliable
operation, select the bulk capacitor with voltage and current
ratings above the maximum input voltage and largest RMS
current required by the circuit. The capacitor voltage rating
should be at least 1.25 times greater than the maximum
input voltage and a voltage rating of 1.5 times is a
conservative guideline. The RMS current rating requirement
for the input capacitor of a buck regulator is approximately
1/2 the DC load current. A more specific equation for
determining the input ripple is the following,
2
I RMS = I MAX ⋅ ( D – D )
(EQ. 14)
For a through hole design, several electrolytic capacitors
(Panasonic HFQ series or Nichicon PL series or Sanyo
MV-GX or equivalent) may be needed. For surface mount
designs, solid tantalum capacitors can be used, but caution
must be exercised with regard to the capacitor surge current
rating. These capacitors must be capable of handling the
surge-current at power-up. The TPS series available from
AVX, and the 593D series from Sprague are both surge
current tested.
rectifier clamps the switching node before the synchronous
rectifier turns on.
2
1
P UFET = I O ⋅ R DS ( ON ) ⋅ D + --- I O ⋅ V IN ⋅ t sw ⋅ f sw
2
2
P LFET = I O ⋅ R DS ( ON ) ⋅ ( 1 – D )
(EQ. 15)
(EQ. 16)
Where D is the duty cycle = Vo/Vin, tsw is the switching
interval, and Fsw is the switching frequency.
These equations assume linear voltage-current transitions
and do not adequately model power loss due the reverserecovery of the lower MOSFETs body diode. The
gate-charge losses are dissipated by the ISL6420 and don't
heat the MOSFETs. However, large gate-charge increases
the switching interval, tSW which increases the upper
MOSFET switching losses. Ensure that both MOSFETs are
within their maximum junction temperature at high ambient
temperature by calculating the temperature rise according to
package thermal-resistance specifications. A separate
heatsink may be necessary depending upon MOSFET
power, package type, ambient temperature and air flow.
Schottky Selection
Rectifier D2 is a clamp that catches the negative inductor
swing during the dead time between turning off the lower
MOSFET and turning on the upper MOSFET. The diode must
be a Schottky type to prevent the parasitic MOSFET body
diode from conducting. It is acceptable to omit the diode and
let the body diode of the lower MOSFET clamp the negative
inductor swing, but efficiency will drop one or two percent as a
result. The diode's rated reverse breakdown voltage must be
greater than the maximum input voltage.
MOSFET Selection/Considerations
The ISL6420 requires 2 N-Channel power MOSFETs. These
should be selected based upon rDS(ON), gate supply
requirements, and thermal management requirements.
In high-current applications, the MOSFET power dissipation,
package selection and heatsink are the dominant design
factors. The power dissipation includes two loss
components; conduction loss and switching loss.
The conduction losses are the largest component of power
dissipation for both the upper and the lower MOSFETs.
These losses are distributed between the two MOSFETs
according to duty factor (see the equations below). Only the
upper MOSFET has switching losses, since the Schottky
17
FN9151.5
February 13, 2008
ISL6420
Package Outline Drawing
L20.4x4
20 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 1, 11/06
4X
4.00
2.0
16X 0.50
A
B
16
6
PIN #1 INDEX AREA
20
6
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
1
15
4.00
2 . 10 ± 0 . 15
11
5
0.15
(4X)
6
10
0.10 M C A B
4 0.25 +0.05 / -0.07
TOP VIEW
20X 0.6 +0.15 / -0.25
BOTTOM VIEW
SEE DETAIL "X"
0.10 C
0 . 90 ± 0 . 1
C
BASE PLANE
( 3. 6 TYP )
(
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
( 20X 0 . 5 )
2. 10 )
SIDE VIEW
( 20X 0 . 25 )
C
0 . 2 REF
5
0 . 00 MIN.
0 . 05 MAX.
( 20X 0 . 8)
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
DETAIL "X"
NOTES:
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.
3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05
4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
18
FN9151.5
February 13, 2008
ISL6420
Shrink Small Outline Plastic Packages (SSOP)
Quarter Size Outline Plastic Packages (QSOP)
M20.15
N
INDEX
AREA
H
0.25(0.010) M
20 LEAD SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE PLASTIC PACKAGE
(0.150” WIDE BODY)
B M
E
GAUGE
PLANE
-B1
2
INCHES
3
L
0.25
0.010
SEATING PLANE
-A-
A
D
h x 45°
-C-
α
e
A2
A1
B
C
0.10(0.004)
0.17(0.007) M
C A M
B S
NOTES:
1. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section 2.2 of
Publication Number 95.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
MILLIMETERS
SYMBOL
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
NOTES
A
0.053
0.069
1.35
1.75
-
A1
0.004
0.010
0.10
0.25
-
A2
-
0.061
-
1.54
-
B
0.008
0.012
0.20
0.30
9
C
0.007
0.010
0.18
0.25
-
D
0.337
0.344
8.56
8.74
3
E
0.150
0.157
3.81
3.98
4
e
0.025 BSC
0.635 BSC
-
H
0.228
0.244
5.80
6.19
-
h
0.0099
0.0196
0.26
0.49
5
L
0.016
0.050
0.41
1.27
6
8°
0°
N
α
20
0°
20
3. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs.
Mold flash, protrusion and gate burrs shall not exceed 0.15mm
(0.006 inch) per side.
7
8°
Rev. 1 6/04
4. Dimension “E” does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Interlead flash and protrusions shall not exceed 0.25mm (0.010 inch) per
side.
5. The chamfer on the body is optional. If it is not present, a visual index
feature must be located within the crosshatched area.
6. “L” is the length of terminal for soldering to a substrate.
7. “N” is the number of terminal positions.
8. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only.
9. Dimension “B” does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.10mm (0.004 inch) total in excess of “B” dimension at maximum material condition.
10. Controlling dimension: INCHES. Converted millimeter dimensions
are not necessarily exact.
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
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19
FN9151.5
February 13, 2008