Datasheet

PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE
R943-02
GaAs (Cs) Photocathode, Wide Spectral Response, 51 mm (2") Diameter
Head-on Type for Photon Counting, Low Dark Counts, Excellent P.H.D.
FEATURES
● Wide Spectral Response ............. 160 nm to 930 nm
● High Quantum Efficiency in Near IR ... 14 % at 632.8 nm
● Fast Rise Time ................................. 3.0 ns at 1500 V
● Excellent Single Photoelectron
Pulse Height Distribution
........................... Peak to Valley Ratio 2.3 (at -20 °C)
● Low Dark Counts ..................... 20 s-1 Typ. (at -20 °C)
APPLICATIONS
● Raman Spectroscopy
● Fluorescent Spectroscopy
● Astrophysical Measurement
● Laser Detection
Hamamatsu R943-02 is a 51 mm (2") diameter head-on type photomultiplier tube having GaAs (Cs) photocathode and synthetic
silica window. The combination of the GaAs photocathode and the synthetic silica window allows high sensitivity over a wide spectral
range from UV to IR (160 nm to 930 nm).
The R943-02 is selected for photon counting and features low dark counts and excellent pulse height distribution (PHD) of single
photoelectrons.
GENERAL
Description / Value
160 to 930
300 to 800
Unit
nm
nm
GaAs(Cs)
10 × 10
Opaque
Synthetic silica glass
—
mm
—
—
Cu-BeO
Linear focused
10
—
—
—
Approx. 2.7
Approx. 5.0
21-pin glass base
E678–21C (supplied)
93
-30 to +50
-80 to +50
pF
pF
—
—
g
°C
°C
102
CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W)
QUANTUM EFFICIENCY (%)
Parameter
Spectral Response
Wavelength of Maximum Response
Photocathode
MateriaI
Minimum Effective Area
Mode
Window Material
Dynode
Secondary Emitting Surface
Structure
Number of Stages
Direct Interelectrode Capacitances
Anode to Last Dynode
Anode to All Other Electrodes
Base
SuitabIe Socket
Weight
Operating Ambient Temperature
Storage Temperature
Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response
101
TPMHB0281EA
QUANTUM
EFFICIENCY
CATHODE
RADIANT
SENSITIVITY
100
10-1
10-2
200
400
600
800
1000
WAVELENGTH (nm)
Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office.
Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are
subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. ©2010 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R943-02
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values)
Parameter
Supply Voltage
Between Anode and Cathode
Between Anode and Last Dynode
Average Anode Current A
Average Pulse Count Rate B
Average Cathode Current C
Value
Unit
2200
250
1
6 × 106
1
V
V
µA
s-1
nA
CHARACTERISTlCS (at 25 °C)
Parameter
Cathode Sensitivity D
Quantum Efficiency
at 253.7 nm (Hg-Line)
at 632.8 nm (He-Ne Laser)
Luminous E
Radiant at 253.7 nm (Hg-Line)
at 632.8 nm (He-Ne Laser)
at 700 nm
at 852.1 nm (Cs-Line)
Red/White Ratio F
Anode Sensitivity G
Luminous E
Radiant at 253.7 nm (Hg-Line)
at 632.8 nm (He-Ne Laser)
at 700 nm
at 852.1 nm (Cs-Line)
Gain G
Equivalent Anode Dark Current H
Anode Dark Counts J
Single Photoelectron PHD (Peak to Valley Ratio)
Time Response G
Anode Pulse Rise Time K
Electron Transit Time L
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
—
—
300
—
—
—
—
—
15
14
600
30
70
71
65
0.58
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
%
%
µA/lm
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
150
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
300
1.5 × 104
3.5 × 104
3.6 × 104
3.3 × 104
5 × 105
1
20
2.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
10
50
—
A/lm
A/W
A/W
A/W
A/W
—
nA
s-1
—
—
—
3.0
23
—
—
ns
ns
NOTES
A Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum.
B Measured at single photoelectron level. The discriminator level is set at valley point.
C In practical operation, the cathode current should be lower than 0.1 nA to
prevent shortening the life of the photocathode.
D Supply voltage is 150 volts between the cathode and all other electrodes.
E The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856 K.
F The quotient of the cathode sensitivity measured with the light source is
the same as Note D passing through a red filter (Toshiba R-68) divided by
the cathode luminous sensitivity without the red filter.
G Measured with supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio in Table 1.
H Measured with supply voltage to provide the anode luminous sensitivity of
200 (A/lm) and the voltage distribution ratio in Table 1 after 30 minute storage in the darkness.
J Measured with supply voltage that gives 2 × 106 gain and with the voltage
distribution ratio shown in Table 1 after one hour storage in the cooler set
at -20 °C.
The discriminator is set at 1/3 of a single photoelectron level.
K The rise time is the time it takes the output pulse to rise from 10 % to 90 %
of the peak amplitude when the entire photocathode is illuminated by a
delta function light pulse.
L The electron transit time is the interval between the arrival of a delta function light pulse at the entrance window of the tube and the time when the
output pulse reaches the peak amplitude. In measurement the entire photocathode is illuminated.
Table 1: Voltage Distribution Ratio
Electrode
K
Distribution Ratio
Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9 Dy10
3
1.5
SuppIy Voltage : 1500 V,
1
1
1
K : Cathode,
1
1
1
Dy : Dynode,
1
1
P
1
P : Anode
Replacement Information
The R943-02 is similar to the Burle C31034 series photomultiplier tube. The base
and voltage divider are different.
Warning–Personal Safety Hazards
Electrical Shock — Operating voltages
applied to this device present a shock hazard.
Figure 2: Typical Single Photoelectron
Pulse Height Distribution
TPMHB0282EA
108
WAVELENGTH OF INCIDENT LIGHT : 800 nm
LOWER LEVEL DISCRIMINATION : 87 CH
SIGNAL+DARK COUNTS
: 5329 s-1
: 20 s-1
DARK COUNTS
: -20 °C
TEMPERATURE
0.8
TPMHB0283EA
107
106
0.6
GAIN
COUNTS PER CHANNEL
FULL SCALE (SIGNAL+DARK): 1 × 104
FULL SCALE (DARK): 1 × 103
1.0
Figure 3: Typical Gain
SIGNAL+DARK
105
0.4
104
0.2
103
DARK
0
0
512
102
500
1024
Figure 4: Typical Time Response
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (%/°C)
2
TIME (ns)
TRANSIT TIME
101
RISE TIME
1000
2000
2500
Figure 5: Typical Temperature Coefficient
of Quantum Efficiency
TPMHB0045EA
100
500
1500
CATHODE TO ANODE VOLTAGE (V)
CHANNEL NUMBER (CH)
102
1000
1500
2000
TPMHB0284EA
1.5
TEMPERATURE RANGE: 10 to 40 (°C)
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
300
3000
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
WAVELENGTH (nm)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 6: Typical Dark Counts vs. Temperature
105
TPMHB0285EB
COOLING
As Figure 6 shows, the dark counts of the R943-02 decreases
by cooling the tube. Therefore, when performing photon counting, it is recommended that the tube be cooled down to about
-20 °C. The cooler C10372 which features temperature control
from -30 °C to 0 °C is available from HAMAMATSU.
DARK COUNTS (s-1)
104
103
102
101
100
-30
-20
-10
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
10
20
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R943-02
Figure 7: Dimensional Outline and Basing Diagram (Unit: mm)
Orientation of Photocathode
with respect to base pin
b) PHOTOCATHODE
X Axis Cross Section
22.0
TOP VIEW
33 °
15
±2°
PIN 1
17.5 ± 1.0
10
PIN 3
INPUT WINDOW
Y
PHOTOCATHODE
(10 × 10)
PHOTOCATHODE
CENTER
10
PHOTOCATHODE
BOTTOM VIEW
IC IC DY9
DY7
IC 9 10 11 12 13
DY5
14
P 8
DY3
15
7
DY10 6
16 DY1
HA-COATING
(Conductive
paint connected
to the photocathode)
PHOTOCATHODE CENTER
22.0
1.6
17 IC
18 IC
19
IC
21 20
IC
11.5
IC
SHORT PIN
14 MAX.
LIGHT SHIELD
(SILICONE)
INPUT WINDOW
Dy: Dynode
K : Photocathode
P : Anode
IC : Internal Connection
(should not be used)
TPMHA0286EA
10.5
TUBE CENTER
TPMHA0022EB
19
DY8 5
DY6 4
3
2
DY4
1
DY2
K
Y Axis Cross Section
17.5 ± 1.0
88 ± 2
15 °
PHOTOCATHODE
PIN 14
IC
19
1.6
90 ° ± 2.5 °
6.6
20 ± 1
3.4
20 ± 1
51±1
X
7.5 ± 1.0
a)
15° ± 1°
PHOTOCATHODE
TPMHA0023EB
c) SOCKET(Refer to NOTES A)
E678–21C (Supplied)
51
56.8
19
6.5
4
13
5
R5
REMARKS
● HA coating
The R943-02 is coated with the conductive paint
connected to the cathode, which is covered with an
insulating material (HA coating). This method decreases noise. Care should be taken not to damage the insulating cover wrapping around the bulb.
HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K.
TACCA0066EC
CAUTIONS
● Use the HAMAMATSU SOCKET E678-21C.
● When soldering the voltage dividers to the socket, the PMT should be inserted in the socket.
● Helium will permeate through the silica bulb, leading to an increase in noise. Avoid operating or storing tubes in an environment where helium is present.
● As the R943-02 has a synthetic silica window, a very thin graded sealing structure is used in the
bulb wall. Although it is covered with an insulating cover, extreme care should be taken in handling.
www.hamamatsu.com
HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Division
314-5, Shimokanzo, Iwata City, Shizuoka Pref., 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205
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United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: 44-(0)1707-294888, Fax: 44(0)1707-325777 E-mail: [email protected]
North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvägen 12, SE-171-41 SOLNA, Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-509-031-00, Fax: (46)8-509-031-01 E-mail: [email protected]
TPMH1115E07
Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)02-935 81 733, Fax: (39)02-935 81 741 E-mail: [email protected]
DEC. 2010 IP