AN2333 Application note White LED power supply for large display backlight Introduction This application note is dedicated to the STLD40D, it's a boost converter that operates from 3.0 V to 5.5 V dc and can provide an output voltage as high as 37 VDC and can drive up to 10 white LEDs in series. June 2011 Figure 1. Package Figure 2. Pin configuration Doc ID 12202 Rev 3 1/9 www.st.com Contents AN2333 Contents 1 Schematic description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 2 3 Selection of external components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1 Input and output capacitor selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 Inductor selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3 LED selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 PCB design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1 4 2/9 Application schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 PCB design rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Doc ID 12202 Rev 3 AN2333 1 Schematic description Schematic description The converter is a PFM (pulse frequency modulation) inductor switcher and can work in discontinuous (DCM) as well as continuous (CCM) Mode operation. The output current capability is 20 mA with an output voltage of 37Vdc.The regulation is done by sensing the LED current through resistor RLED.The device can be turned ON/OFF through the logic enable signal pin EN. By applying a low frequency PWM signal the WLEDs can be dimmed. The maximum peak inductor current can be programmed by connecting a resistor RSET to pin RSET. 1.1 Application schematic Figure 3. Typical application schematic Doc ID 12202 Rev 3 3/9 Selection of external components AN2333 2 Selection of external components 2.1 Input and output capacitor selection For input and output capacitor it is recommended to use a ceramic capacitor with low ESR. For good stability of the device supplied by a low input voltage of 3.0 V at maximum ratings of output power, it is recommended to use 2.2 µF / 6.3 V as a minimum value of input capacitor and 4.7 µF / 40 V as a minimum value of output capacitor. 2.2 Inductor selection Shielded thick inductor with low DC series resistance of wiring is recommended for this application. For good efficiency ti is recommended to use inductor with series DC resistance RDCL = RD/10, [Ω; 1, Ω] where RD is the dynamic resistance of the LED [Ω; 1, Ω]. For nominal operation, the peak inductor current can be calculated by this formula: Equation 1 I OUT ------------ + ( V OUT – V 2 ) IN n -------------------------------------------------------(2 • L • F • V 2) OUT -----------------------------------------------V IN Where: 2.3 ● IPEAK Peak inductor current ● IOUT Current sourced at the VOUT pin ● n Efficiency of the STLD40D ● VOUT Output voltage at pin VOUT ● VIN Input voltage at pin VIN ● L Inductance value of the inductor ● F Switching frequency LED selection All LEDs with forward voltage from 2.7 V to 5 V are feasible for use with device STLD40D. The LED forward voltage must include the voltage spread of this value. The current in the LED can be set through the sensing resistor value. 4/9 Doc ID 12202 Rev 3 AN2333 Selection of external components Table 1. Recommended components Value Symbol Description Parameter Unit Min. VRRM Boost schottky diode D Max 40 V VF at IF = 300 mA, TJ = 25 °C 0.5 V IR at VR = 10 V, TJ = 25 °C 30 µA VRRM STPS1L40M Typ. 40 V VF at IF = 1 A, TJ = 25 °C IR at VR = 20 V, TJ = 25 °C 0.46 V 21 µA RLED Feedback LED current regulation resistor ILED=20mA 8 W Cin Input ceramic capacitor, low ESR Ceramic type 2.2 µF Cout Output ceramic capacitor, low ESR L Boost inductor (height<2mm) Capacitance 4.7 µF Voltage 40 V ESR 1.6 W Inductance 4.7 µF DCR 1 W IsatRSET=GND 1 A Doc ID 12202 Rev 3 5/9 Selection of external components AN2333 Figure 4. ILED vs. RLED Figure 5. ILIMIT vs. RSET Figure 6. γ vs. VI Figure 7. ILED vs. duty cycle EN pin (dimming) 6/9 Doc ID 12202 Rev 3 AN2333 PCB design 3 PCB design 3.1 PCB design rules STLD40D is a powerful switched device. The PCB must be designed in line with the rules for designing switched supplies. The power windings must be as short as possible and wide, because of large current. It is recommended to use a dual layer PCB minimal. Place all external components close to the STLD40D. Also switched high-energy loops should be as small as possible to reduce EMI. Figure 8. PCB layout - Top overlay view Doc ID 12202 Rev 3 7/9 Revision history 4 AN2333 Revision history Table 2. 8/9 Document revision history Date Revision Changes 20-Mar-2006 1 Initial release 19-May-2006 2 Minor text changes 01-Jun-2011 3 Modified: Table 1 on page 5 Doc ID 12202 Rev 3 AN2333 Please Read Carefully: Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any time, without notice. All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale. 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