Application Information SI-7510 5-Phase New Pentagon Stepper Motor Pre-Driver IC Introduction The SI-7510 is a pre-driver IC for driving 5-phase stepper motors wound in the New Pentagon configuration (driver circuit design patented by Oriental Motor Co., Ltd.). Direct external control of motor driving functions are synchronized by the built-in sequencer to an applied clock input (CL) signal. The SI-7510 drive is implemented with a user-configurable output stage consisting of dual N-channel power MOSFETs. This results in lower thermal resistance and greater efficiency. Features and Benefits • Main supply voltage, VCC1 : 10 to 42 V • Logic supply voltage, VCC2 : 3 to 5.5 V • External forward and backward motor rotation control via CW/CCW input • External selection of 4-phase (full step) and 4-5–phase (half step) driving via F/H pin • Output enable/disable control via Enable pin (internal sequencer function remains active during Disable state, monitoring the clock input (CL) for automatic sequencing) • Built-in charge pump circuit for driving external high-side N-channel MOSFETs of all output phases • Self-excitation constant current control set by external R-C circuit time constant on RC input • Maximum output current set by the SI-7510 and the combined rating of the dual external MOSFET array as follows: Output Current IO (max) Recommended MOSFET Array Manufacturer 6A SLA5073 and SLA5074 Sanken 7A SLA5065 and SLA5068 Sanken SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 Not to scale Figure 1. SI-7510 package is a 30-pin, fully molded DIP, with a 1.778 mm pin pitch. SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en/ March 2008 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Features and Benefits 1 Specifications 3 Functional Block Diagram Pin Assignment Table Package Outline Drawing and Branding Absolute Maximum Ratings Recommended Operating Conditions Electrical Characteristics Load Supply Derating Logic Truth Table Typical Connection Input and Output Timing Chart Input Switching Timing Motor Coil Excitation Sequence Functional Description Reset Control Calculating Motor Current Power-Down (Hold) Method Output Chopping Power Dissipation Precautions for Use SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 11 11 11 11 12 13 15 SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. March 2008 2 Functional Block Diagram VCC2 VCC1 MC1 MC3 MC2 Charge Pump Oscillator OHGA OHSA OHGB OHSB OHGC OHSC OHGD OHSD OHGE OHSE Enable High-Side Drive MO Sequencer CL F/H CW/CCW OLA OLB OLC OLD OLE Low-Side Drive Reset RC PWM Control Ref Sense Gnd Pin Assignment and Function Table Pin Number Symbol Function Pin Number Symbol 1 MC1 Capacitor connection terminal for charge pump (connect externally to MC2) 16 OLE Low-side MOSFET gate connection pin, phase E 2 MC3 Capacitor connection terminal for charge pump (connect externally to GND) 17 OLD Low-side MOSFET gate connection pin, phase D 3 MC2 Capacitor connection terminal for charge pump (connect externally to MC1) 18 OLC Low-side MOSFET gate connection pin, phase C 4 VCC1 Main supply voltage input 19 OLB Low-side MOSFET gate connection pin, phase B 5 Enable Output enable/disable logic input; set low to disable output 20 OLA Low-side MOSFET gate connection pin, phase A 6 VCC2 Logic supply voltage input 21 OHSE High-side MOSFET source connection pin, phase E 7 MO Monitor to detect motor position 22 OHGE High-side MOSFET gate connection pin, phase E 8 CL Clock logic input; internal sequencer updates on positive edge 23 OHSD High-side MOSFET source connection pin, phase D 9 F/H 4-phase (full step)/4–5-phase (half-step) switching logic input; set low for full step 24 OHG 10 CW/CCW Forward (CW) / backward (CCW) rotation logic input; set low for forward rotation 25 OHSC High-side MOSFET source connection pin, phase C 11 Reset Reset logic input; set high to reset 26 OHGC High-side MOSFET gate connection pin, phase C 27 OHSB High-side MOSFET source connection pin, phase B Function High-side MOSFET gate connection pin, phase D 12 RC R-C network connection terminal for chopping off-time setting and blanking time setting. 13 Ref Reference voltage input terminal for motor current setting 28 OHGB High-side MOSFET gate connection pin, phase B 14 Sense Sense motor current 29 OHSA High-side MOSFET source connection pin, phase A 15 Gnd Ground terminal 30 OHGA High-side MOSFET gate connection pin, phase A SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. March 2008 3 Package Outline Drawing 27.10 (1.067) 27.10 max( 1.106 max) 16 8.80 (0.346) 10.0 max (0.394 max) 30 1 15 1.0(0.039) 0.51 min (0.020 min) 10.16 (0.400) 5.08 max (0.200 max) 2.54 min (0.100 min) 1.778±0.25 (0.007±0.010) 0.48±0.1 (0.019±0.004) 0.25 +0.11 -0.05 (0.010 +0.004 -0.002 ) 0° to 15° Dimensions in mm (Inch dimensions in parentheses, for reference only) Package Branding (1) (2) (3) (4) J A P A N S K Column Parameter (1) Year Code* (2) Month Code* S I - 7 5 1 0 Description The last digit of year Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Alphabet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O N D (3) Control Code 1㨪9, (4) Control Code 1㨪9㧘0 0 *Year and month are based on when the branding is made. Pb-free. Device composition compliant with the RoHS directive. SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. March 2008 4 Absolute Maximum Ratings valid at TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted Characteristic Symbol Rating Unit 44 V VCC2 7 V VIN –0.3 to VCC2 V VREF –0.3 to VCC2 V VSENSE 2 V Main Supply Voltage VCC1 Logic Supply Voltage Logic Input Voltage REF Input Voltage Sense Input Voltage Charge Pump Output Voltage Notes VMC3 48 V Power Dissipation PD 1.6 W Operating Ambient Temperature TA –10 to 80 °C Storage Temperature TSTG –20 to 150 °C Junction Temperature TJ 150 °C Recommended Operating Conditions Characteristic Symbol Conditions Min. Max. Unit Main Supply Voltage VCC1 Insert a 5 V Zener diode between VCC1 and VMC3 when using the device with a VCC1 of 35 V or more 10 42 V Logic Supply Voltage VCC2 3 5.5 V REF Input Voltage VREF 0.1 1 V SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. March 2008 5 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS valid at TA = 25°C,VCC1 = 24 V, VCC2 = 5 V; unless otherwise noted Characteristic Symbol Main Supply Current ICC1 Logic Supply Current ICC2 Logic Input Voltage Logic Input Current Enable Pin Input Current Ref Pin Input Current Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit – – 25 mA – – 10 mA VIL VCC2 = 5 V – – 1.25 V VIH VCC2 = 5 V 3.75 – – V IIL VIL = 0 V –20 – 20 μA IIH VIH = 5.5 V –20 – 20 μA IENA VENA = 0 V –100 – 20 μA IREF IENA = 0 to 5.5 V –20 – 20 μA – 1 – V μA Sense Pin Voltage VSENSE VREF = 1 V Sense Pin Current ISENSE VSENSE at 0 V and at 2 V –20 – 20 VMOL IMOL = 1 mA – – 1 V VMOH IMOH = –1 mA 4 – – V VRCL – 0.5 – V VRCH – 1.5 – V MO Pin Output Voltage RC Pin Threshold Voltage RC Pin Outflow Current IRC Charge Pump Output Voltage VMC3 High-Side Output Voltage (Between gate sources) VHGSL VHGSH VRC = 0 V – 300 – μA No external Zener diode – VCC1 + 9 – V – – 1 V – 8.5 – V No external Zener diode VLGL – – 1 V VLGH – 7.5 – V Maximum Clock Frequency fCK 100 – – kHz Low-Side Output Voltage Minimum Input Clock Pulse Width tCON 1 – – μs Power-On Reset Time tPW – 1.5 – μs Output Delay Time tIO – 2 – μs CW/CCW and F/H Pins Input Data Setup Time tICS Measured from rising edge of input clock pulse 500 – – ns CW/CCW and F/H Pins Input Data Hold Time tICH Measured from rising edge of input clock pulse 500 – – ns SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 (On, high portion of pulse) SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. March 2008 6 Load Supply Derating Allowable Load Supply Voltage VCC1 (V) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 0 10 20 60 30 40 50 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 70 80 Logic Input Truth Table1 Each function listed below operates independently of the CL input signal Pin Name (Number) Function CL (8) Clock input Enable (5) Output control Low Level High Level (Positive edge) Disable2 Enable F/H (9) Stepping mode control Full step Half step CW/CCW (10) Rotation direction control Forward (CW) Backward (CCW) Reset (11) Asynchronous Reset input Normal operation Logic reset3 1At each CL input positive edge, the internal sequencer automatically responds to current state of logic pins. sequencer responds to CL input during both Disable and Enable states of Enable pin. 3After reset, device turns-on: high-side phase A, low-side phase C, and low-side phase D. 2Internal SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. March 2008 7 95 CL 90 CW/CCW CCW Full Step 100 Conditions for Switching Input Logic Signals Disable 105 110 Input and Output Timing Chart and Motor Coil Excitation Sequence CW Half Step CCW Half Step CCW Full Step CW Full Step SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. OLA OLB OLC OLD OLE MO OHA OHB OHC OHD OHE CL Reset Enable CW/CCW F/H 0 5 Input and Output Timing 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Prohibited Prohibited Safe Switching Switching Switching Range Range Range (500 ns) (500 ns) Disable Reset 85 F/H March 2008 8 SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 4-5–Phase Half Step 4-Phase Full Step Excitation Mode B B B E B D SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. A 10 New Pentagon 5-phase motor C C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A D D 0 (Reset) C C E E B B C C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A 11 New Pentagon 5-phase motor D D B E B C A 12 New Pentagon 5-phase motor C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A E B 2 D E A 2 1 New Pentagon 5-phase motor A A New Pentagon 5-phase motor 1 0 (Reset) Motor Coil Excitation Sequence March 2008 9 D D D E E E B B B A 3 C C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A 13 New Pentagon 5-phase motor C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A 3 CCW D D D E E E B B B C C C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A 5 New Pentagon 5-phase motor A B B C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A E E B 15 D D D E A 5 14 New Pentagon 5-phase motor C A 4 New Pentagon 5-phase motor C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A 4 D D D E E E B B B C A 16 New Pentagon 5-phase motor A 6 New Pentagon 5-phase motor C C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A 6 D D D E E E CW B B B C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A 17 D D B E B C A 18 New Pentagon 5-phase motor C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A E B 8 D E A 8 7 New Pentagon 5-phase motor C C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A 7 D D D E E E B B B A 19 New Pentagon 5-phase motor A 9 C New Pentagon 5-phase motor C C New Pentagon 5-phase motor A 9 D D D E E E Typical Connection C1 C2 24 V 5V 3 2 MC2 MC3 1 6 VCC2 MC1 4 VCC1 OHGA OHSA OHGB OHSB OHGC OHSC OHGD OHSD OHGE OHSE C4 5 7 8 Logic Signal Input and Output 9 10 11 Enable MO SI-7510 CL 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 C3 CW/CCW 20 OLA 19 OLB 18 OLC Reset Ref 17 OLD 16 OLE R2 RC 12 Ct Gnd 15 Sense 15 1 SLA5073 8 13 4 3 2 6 SLA5074 5 10 (Pins 11 to 15 not connected) 1 14 RS 8 IO Rt External Component Typical Values (for reference use only): Component Value Component Value R1 510 Ω C1 2200 pF R2 100 Ω (varistor) C2, C4 0.01 μF R3 20 kΩ C3 0.1 μF RS 0.33 Ω, 1 to 2 W Ct 420 to 1100 pF Rt 15 to 75 kΩ SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 10 5-Phase New Pentagon Stepper Motor 9 7 13 5 F/H R3 R1 4 3 9 7 14 12 2 6 11 • Take precautions to avoid noise on the VCC lines; noise levels greater than 0.5 V on a VCC line may cause device malfunction, so be careful when laying out the traces. • Calculation of IO: IO = VRS / RS IOM = IO / 2, where IOM is the motor coil current • Calculation of tOFF: tOFF = 1.1 × Rt × Ct SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. March 2008 10 Functional Description Reset Control Reset is non-synchronous reset function. Figure 2 shows the motor current path after the internal sequencer resets the device logic. IOM Calculating Motor Current The calculation for setting motor current, IOM , for the SI-7510 is determined by the ratios of the external components R1 and R2 , and the current sense resistor, RS. The SI-7510 controls the total set current, IO , and the relationship between IO and IOM is as follows: IO = 2 × IOM (1) The current sense voltage, VSENSE , is generated by IO flowing into the current sense resistor, RS . The ratio of VREF to VSENSE is 1:1, so IO can be calculated as follows (refer to figure 3): IO = VREF / RS (2) New Pentagon 5-Phase Motor IOM 2×I OM VCC1 On Phase A Phase B Phase C Phase D On On To SI-7510 IO = 2×IOM (3) Figure 2. Motor current path after logic reset Power-Down (Hold) Method If the motor torque is to be reduced to enter a motor-hold mode, an external circuit consisting of a resistor, RX , and a transistor, Q1, should be added, as shown in figure 3. For the current, IOPD , required to hold a given torque, the values for the external components can be calculated as follows: VCC2 1 × IOPD = R1 (R2 + RX ) RS 1+ R × R 2 X Phase E RS where VREF is calculated as: VREF = VCC2 × R2 / (R1 + R2 ) IOM IOM VCC2 Ref (13) RX (4) In the above equation, the saturation voltage of the transistor is not taken into consideration. SI-7510 R1 Power-Down Signal R2 Q1 Sense (14) V REF RS Figure 3. Motor current setting circuit SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. March 2008 11 Output Chopping The operating output and feedback pins waveforms during chopping are shown in figure 4, and the current paths during chopping are shown in figure 5. Chopping On-Time Blanking Time RC Terminal Voltage, VRC Chopping Off Time This product controls output chopping off-time. Chopping off-time is determined by the time constant of the external Rt - Ct circuit connected to the RC terminal. The off-time is the duration for the RC terminal voltage to decrease from approximately 1.5 V to 0.5 V. The chopping off-time can be calculated as: tOFF ≈ 1.1 × Rt × Ct Chopping Off-Time 1.5 V 0.5 V Ringing Noise Sense Terminal Voltage, VSENSE Reference Voltage Level VREF (5) where Rt is 15 to 75 kΩ, Ct is 420 to 1100 pF (recommended value). 0V Blanking Time The Rt - Ct circuit time constant is also related to the blanking time, tBRK . Blanking time prevents malfunction due to ringing noise which occurs after chopping transitions from off to on. Blanking time is the duration for the RC terminal voltage to increase from approximately 0.5 V to 1.5 V. When the RC terminal voltage increases to this level, a current of approximately 200 μA flows out of the RC terminal. IO Nominal Motor Current, IO Set Current Level ION IOFF 0A Figure 4. Operating waveforms during chopping Vcc1 Vcc1 On ION ION ION IOFF IOFF ION New Pentagon 5-Phase Motor Off On On New Pentagon 5-Phase Motor Off Off Off On Off Off ON OFF RS RS (Chopping On-Time) (Chopping Off-Time) Figure 5. Current path during chopping; dotted red line indicates path of current: (left) during chopping on-time ( ION ), and (right) during chopping off-time ( IOFF ) SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. March 2008 12 Blanking time is calculated as: • Average current ripple, IOM tBRK ≈ Ct / ( 200 ×10 –6 ) (6) • Excitation mode Even if the sense voltage, VSENSE , becomes higher than the reference voltage, VREF , during the blanking time interval, the power control circuit does not operate and the device output always remains in the On state. Because of this, if the Ct value is too large when the output current value must be set small, the output current may not fall to the set value. In addition, if the Ct value is too small, it causes malfunction due to ringing noise. • Chopping time during current control, tON and tOFF Chopping On-Time Chopping on-time is determined by: VCC1, Sample Power Dissipation Calculation (Estimation) The the motor output time constant, and the chopping off-time. Note: In addition, during the motor actual operation, chopping on-time changes because the inductance of the coils changes due to crossing magnetic flux lines. Calculation of Power Dissipation of Power MOSFETs The SI-7510 connects to the power MOSFETs of the output stage and drives the motor. In this section, a method of calculating an estimate of the power dissipation of the power MOSFETs is shown. This calculation method uses an approximation formula, and factors such as parameter changes during actual operation are not considered in this example. Therefore, please confirm the thermal characteristics of the power MOSFETs in actual operation to determine the final design. Parameters for Power Dissipation Calculation The follow- ing parameters are required to calculate power dissipation of the power MOSFETs: • Power MOSFET on-resistance, RDS(ON) • Power MOSFET body diode forward voltage, VSD The maximum specifications of the power MOSFETs should be used for RDS(ON) and VSD. In addition, tON and tOFF must be confirmed in actual operation. method shown below calculates a power dissipation case for each phase, in each excitation mode. The example MOSFET array uses the SLA5073 for phases A, B, and C, and the SLA5074 for phases D and E. The dissipation of each case is given in table 1 for 4-phase excitation (full step) and in table 2 for 4-5–phase excitation (half step). The symbols listing in the tables refer to the following formulas: • H1 = I2O × RDS(ON) (W) • H2 = I2OM × RDS(ON) (W) • L1 = I2O × RDS(ON) × tON / (tON + tOFF) + IO × VSD × tOFF / (tON + tOFF) (W) • L2 = I2OM × RDS(ON) × tON / (tON + tOFF) + IOM × VSD × tOFF / (tON + tOFF) (W) where IO = IOM × 2, IO = VREF / RS , and tON : tOFF = 1 : 5 (estimated). SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. March 2008 13 Table 1. 4-Phase Excitation (Full Step) Step MOSFET SLA5073 SLA5074 Reset (0) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C H1 – L2 H2 H2 – – H1 – – H2 H2 L2 – H1 L1 – H2 L2 L2 – – L1 – – L2 L2 H2 – L1 D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E L2 – L1 – L2 L2 – L1 – L2 H2 – H1 – H2 H2 – H1 – H2 Dissipation in Hold State: If the optional Hold state is used, calculate the dissipation at that step as follows (this example uses step 0, Reset): • Dissipation of SLA5073: H1 + L2 • Dissipation of SLA5074: L2 (W) (W) Dissipation in Rotation: Dissipation during normal operation is calculated as an average dissipation, as follows: • Dissipation of SLA5073: (H1 × 3 + H2 × 6 + L1 × 3 + L2 × 6) / 10 (W) • Dissipation of SLA5074: (H1 × 2 + H2 × 4 + L1 × 2 + L2 × 4) / 10 (W) Table 2. 4-5–Phase Excitation (Half Step) Step MOSFET SLA5073 SLA5074 Reset (0) A 1 B C A H1 – L2 D E L2 – SLA5074 3 B C A B C H1 – – H2 H2 – D E D E L1 – L1 – L1 10 SLA5073 2 11 4 A B C – H1 – D E – L2 12 5 A B C – H1 – D E L2 – 13 6 A B C – H1 – D E L1 – 14 7 A B C – H2 H2 D E L1 – 15 A 8 B C A – – H1 D E L1 16 9 B C A L2 – H1 D E – L2 17 B C L1 – H1 D E – – 18 19 A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C L1 – H2 L1 – – L2 L2 – – L1 – – L1 – – L1 – – L2 L2 – – L1 H2 – L1 H1 – L1 D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E H2 – H1 – H1 – H1 – H2 H2 – H1 – H1 – H1 – H2 – – Dissipation in Hold State: If the optional Hold state is used, calculate the dissipation at that step as follows (this example uses step 0, Reset): • Dissipation of SLA5073: H1 + L2 • Dissipation of SLA5074: L2 (W) (W) Dissipation in Rotation: Dissipation during normal operation is calculated as an average dissipation, as follows: • Dissipation of SLA5073: (H1 × 9 + H2 × 6 + L1 × 9 + L2 × 6) / 20 (W) • Dissipation of SLA5074: (H1 × 6 + H2 × 4 + L1 × 6 + L2 × 4) / 20 (W) SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. March 2008 14 The allowable power dissipation of each MOS array is shown in the follow table: External Heatsink Connection MOSFET None Infinite Allowable Power Dissipation (W) MOSFET Thermal Resistance, Rθj-a (°C/W) SLA5073 5 25 SLA5074 4.8 26 SLA5073 30 4.17 SLA5074 25 5 To choose a heatsink, refer to the calculated dissipation, the allowable power dissipation, and figure 6. When deciding on a heatsink for the SLA5073 or SLA5074, please confirm the temperature of the product in actual operation. The above calculated values include errors because they are approximate values. Please choose a heatsink which keeps the aluminum exposed thermal pad on the back side of the SLA5073 or SLA5074 at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius or less under worst-case conditions. Please refer to the product specifications for the details of SLA5073 and SLA5074. Precautions for Use Noise If a noise is superimposed on VCC2 or a logic input, the internal sequencer may react to the noise and a invalid sequence step may occur. Please be careful of noise generation. Power Supply Sequence When turning off the SI-7510, it is recommended to first turn-off VCC1. If VCC2 is turned off first, the output stage of the SI-7510 becomes high impedance before charges accumulated on the MOSFET gates are eliminated completely. During self-discharge of charges on the MOSFET gates, the MOSFET is turned on. Please be careful of the overcurrent which occurs during this time. Power Dissipation, P (W) 6 5 No external heatsink 4 3 2 1 0 0 20 40 120 60 80 100 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 140 160 Figure 6. MOSFET power dissipation versus temperature, without heatsink SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. March 2008 15 Sanken reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Therefore, the user is cautioned to verify that the information in this publication is current before placing any order. When using the products described herein, the applicability and suitability of such products for the intended purpose shall be reviewed at the users responsibility. Although Sanken undertakes to enhance the quality and reliability of its products, the occurrence of failure and defect of semiconductor products at a certain rate is inevitable. Users of Sanken products are requested to take, at their own risk, preventative measures including safety design of the equipment or systems against any possible injury, death, fires or damages to society due to device failure or malfunction. Sanken products listed in this publication are designed and intended for use as components in general-purpose electronic equipment or apparatus (home appliances, office equipment, telecommunication equipment, measuring equipment, etc.). Their use in any application requiring radiation hardness assurance (e.g., aerospace equipment) is not supported. When considering the use of Sanken products in applications where higher reliability is required (transportation equipment and its control systems or equipment, fire- or burglar-alarm systems, various safety devices, etc.), contact a company sales representative to discuss and obtain written confirmation of your specifications. The use of Sanken products without the written consent of Sanken in applications where extremely high reliability is required (aerospace equipment, nuclear power-control stations, life-support systems, etc.) is strictly prohibited. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. Application and operation examples described in this publication are given for reference only and Sanken assumes no responsibility for any infringement of industrial property rights, intellectual property rights, or any other rights of Sanken or any third party that may result from its use. The contents in this document must not be transcribed or copied without Sanken’s written consent. SI-7510-AN, Rev. 3 SANKEN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. March 2008 16