Data Sheet

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
SCC2681
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter
(DUART)
Product data
2004 Apr 06
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
• 16-bit programmable Counter/Timer
DESCRIPTION
The Philips Semiconductors SCC2681 Dual Universal
Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (DUART) is a single-chip
MOS-LSI communications device that provides two independent
full-duplex asynchronous receiver/transmitter channels in a single
package. It interfaces directly with microprocessors and may be
used in a polled or interrupt driven system. It is manufactured in a
CMOS process.
– Non-standard rates to 115.2 kb
– One user-defined rate derived from programmable
timer/counter
– External 1× or 16× clock
• Parity, framing, and overrun error detection
• False start bit detection
• Line break detection and generation
• Programmable channel mode
The operating mode and data format of each channel can be
programmed independently. Additionally, each receiver and
transmitter can select its operating speed as one of eighteen fixed
baud rates, a 16× clock derived from a programmable counter/timer,
or an external 1× or 16× clock. The baud rate generator and
counter/timer can operate directly from a crystal or from external
clock inputs. The ability to independently program the operating
speed of the receiver and transmitter make the DUART particularly
attractive for dual-speed channel applications such as clustered
terminal systems.
– Normal (full-duplex)
– Automatic echo
– Local loopback
– Remote loopback
• Multi-function programmable 16-bit counter/timer
• Multi-function 7-bit input port
Each receiver is quadruply buffered to minimize the potential of
receiver over-run or to reduce interrupt overhead in interrupt driven
systems. In addition, a flow control capability is provided to disable a
remote DUART transmitter when the buffer of the receiving device is
full.
– Can serve as clock or control inputs
– Change of state detection on four inputs
– 100 kΩ typical pull-up resistor
• Multi-function 8-bit output port
Also provided on the SCC2681 are a multipurpose 7-bit input port
and a multipurpose 8-bit output port. These can be used as general
purpose I/O ports or can be assigned specific functions (such as
clock inputs or status/interrupt outputs) under program control.
– Individual bit set/reset capability
– Outputs can be programmed to be status/interrupt signals
– DMA signals
– Auto 485 turn-around
The SCC2681 is available in three package versions: 40-pin and
28-pin DIPs (both 0.6” wide); and a 44-pin PLCC.
• Versatile interrupt system
– Single interrupt output with eight maskable interrupting
conditions
FEATURES
• Dual full-duplex asynchronous receiver/transmitter
• Quadruple buffered receiver data registers
• Programmable data format
– Output port can be configured to provide a total of up to six
separate wire-ORable interrupt outputs
• Maximum data transfer: 1× – 1 MB/sec; 16× – 125 kB/sec
• Automatic wake-up mode for multidrop applications
• Start-end break interrupt/status
• Detects break which originates in the middle of a character
• On-chip crystal oscillator
• Single +5 V power supply
• Commercial and industrial temperature ranges available
• DIP and PLCC packages
– 5 to 8 data bits plus parity
– Odd, even, no parity or force parity
– 1, 1.5 or 2 stop bits programmable in 1/16-bit increments
• Programmable baud rate for each receiver and transmitter
selectable from:
– 22 fixed rates: 50 to 115.2 k baud
ORDERING INFORMATION
Type number
Package
Name
Description
Version
Commercial; VCC = +5 V ± 5%; Tamb = 0 °C to +70 °C
SCC2681AC1A44
PLCC44
plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads
SOT187-2
SCC2681AC1N28
DIP28
plastic dual in-line package; 28 leads (600 mil)
SOT117-1
SCC2681AC1N40
DIP40
plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads (600 mil)
SOT129-1
Industrial; VCC = +5 V ± 10%; Tamb = –40 °C to +85 °C
SCC2681AE1A44
PLCC44
plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads
SOT187-2
SCC2681AE1N28
DIP28
plastic dual in-line package; 28 leads (600 mil)
SOT117-1
SCC2681AE1N40
DIP40
plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads (600 mil)
SOT129-1
2004 Apr 06
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
INDEX
CORNER
A0
1
40 VCC
IP3
2
39 IP4
A1
3
38 IP5
IP1
4
37 IP6
A2
5
36 IP2
6
35 CEN
IP0
7
34 RESET
WRN
8
33 X2
32 X1/CLK
31 RXDA
RXDB 10
30 TXDA
29 OP0
OP1 12
13
28 OP2
OP5 14
27 OP4
OP3
26 OP6
OP7 15
D1 16
25 D0
D3 17
24 D2
D5 18
23 D4
D7 19
22 D6
GND 20
A0
1
28 VCC
A1
2
27 IP2
A2
3
26 CEN
A3
4
25 RESET
WRN
5
24 X2
RDN
6
23 X1/CLK
RXDB
7
22 RXDA
TXDB
8
21 TXDA
OP1
9
20 OP0
D1
10
19 D0
D3
11
18 D2
D5 12
17 D4
13
16 D6
D7
GND 14
39
PLCC
29
17
18
28
TOP VIEW
PIN/FUNCTION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
DIP
DIP
TXDB 11
40
1
7
A3
RDN 9
6
15 INTRN
21 INTRN
NC
A0
IP3
A1
IP1
A2
A3
IP0
WRN
RDN
RXDB
NC
TXDB
OP1
OP3
OP5
OP7
D1
D3
D5
D7
GND
PIN/FUNCTION
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
NC
INTRN
D6
D4
D2
D0
OP6
OP4
OP2
OP0
TXDA
NC
RXDA
X1/CLK
X2
RESET
CEN
IP2
IP6
IP5
IP4
VCC
SD00723
Figure 1. Pin configurations
PIN DESCRIPTION
SYMBOL
PIN
TYPE
NAME AND FUNCTION
PLCC44
DIP40
DIP28
28, 18,
27, 19,
26, 20,
25, 21
25, 16,
24, 17,
23, 18,
22, 19
19, 10,
18, 11,
17, 12,
16, 13
I/O
Data Bus: Bidirectional 3-State data bus used to transfer commands, data and status
between the DUART and the CPU. D0 is the least significant bit.
CEN
39
35
26
I
Chip Enable: Active-LOW input signal. When LOW, data transfers between the CPU
and the DUART are enabled on D0-D7 as controlled by the WRN, RDN and A0-A3
inputs. When HIGH, places the D0-D7 lines in the 3-State condition.
WRN
9
8
5
I
Write Strobe: When LOW and CEN is also LOW, the contents of the data bus is
loaded into the addressed register. The transfer occurs on the rising edge of the signal.
RDN
10
9
6
I
Read Strobe: When LOW and CEN is also LOW, causes the contents of the
addressed register to be presented on the data bus. The read cycle begins on the
falling edge of RDN.
A0–A3
2, 4, 6, 7
1, 3, 5,
6
1–4
I
Address Inputs: Select the DUART internal registers and ports for read/write
operations.
RESET
38
34
25
I
Reset: A HIGH level clears internal registers (SRA, SRB, IMR, ISR, OPR, OPCR), puts
OP0–OP7 in the HIGH state, stops the counter/timer, and puts Channels A and B in the
inactive state, with the TxDA and TxDB outputs in the mark (HIGH) state. Clears Test
modes, sets MR pointer to MR1.
INTRN
24
21
15
O
Interrupt Request: Active-LOW, open-drain, output which signals the CPU that one or
more of the eight maskable interrupting conditions are true.
X1/CLK
36
32
23
I
Crystal 1: Crystal connection or an external clock input. A crystal of a clock the
appropriate frequency (nominally 3.6864 MHz) must be supplied at all times. For crystal
connections see Figure 7, Clock Timing.
D0–D7
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SYMBOL
PIN
TYPE
SCC2681
NAME AND FUNCTION
PLCC44
DIP40
DIP28
X2
37
33
24
I
Crystal 2: Crystal connection. See Figure 7. If a crystal is not used it is best to keep
this pin not connected although it must not be grounded.
RxDA
35
31
22
I
Channel A Receiver Serial Data Input: The least significant bit is received first. “Mark”
is HIGH, “space” is LOW.
RxDB
11
10
7
I
Channel B Receive Serial Data Input: The least significant bit is received first. “Mark”
is HIGH, “space” is LOW.
TxDA
33
30
21
O
Channel A Transmitter Serial Data Output: The least significant bit is transmitted
first. This output is held in the “mark” condition when the transmitter is disabled, idle or
when operating in local loopback mode. “Mark” is HIGH, “space” is LOW.
TxDB
13
11
8
O
Channel B Transmitter Serial Data Output: The least significant bit is transmitted
first. This output is held in the “mark” condition when the transmitter is disabled, idle or
when operating in local loopback mode. “Mark” is HIGH, “space” is LOW.
OP0
32
29
20
O
Output 0: General purpose output or Channel A request to send (RTSAN,
active-LOW). Can be deactivated automatically on receive or transmit.
OP1
14
12
9
O
Output 1: General purpose output or Channel B request to send (RTSBN,
active-LOW). Can be deactivated automatically on receive or transmit.
OP2
31
28
–
O
Output 2: General purpose output or Channel A transmitter 1× or 16× clock output, or
Channel A receiver 1× clock output.
OP3
15
13
–
O
Output 3: General purpose output or open-drain, active-LOW counter/timer interrupt
output or Channel B transmitter 1× clock output, or Channel B receiver 1× clock output.
OP4
30
27
–
O
Output 4: General purpose output or Channel A open-drain, active-LOW,
RxRDYA/FFULLA interrupt output.
OP5
16
14
–
O
Output 5: General purpose output or Channel B open-drain, active-LOW,
RxRDYB/FFULLB interrupt output.
OP6
29
26
–
O
Output 6: General purpose output or Channel A open-drain, active-LOW, TxRDYA
interrupt output.
OP7
17
15
–
O
Output 7: General purpose output or Channel B open-drain, active-LOW, TxRDYB
interrupt output.
IP0
8
7
–
I
Input 0: General purpose input or Channel A clear to send active-LOW input (CTSAN).
Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 µA of current.
IP1
5
4
–
I
Input 1: General purpose input or Channel B clear to send active-LOW input (CTSBN).
Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 µA of current.
IP2
40
36
27
I
Input 2: General purpose input or counter/timer external clock input. Pin has an internal
VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 µA of current.
IP3
3
2
–
I
Input 3: General purpose input or Channel A transmitter external clock input (TxCA).
When the external clock is used by the transmitter, the transmitted data is clocked on
the falling edge of the clock. Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 µA
of current.
IP4
43
39
–
I
Input 4: General purpose input or Channel A receiver external clock input (RxCA).
When the external clock is used by the receiver, the received data is sampled on the
rising edge of the clock. Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 µA of
current.
IP5
42
38
–
I
Input 5: General purpose input or Channel B transmitter external clock input (TxCB).
When the external clock is used by the transmitter, the transmitted data is clocked on
the falling edge of the clock. Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 µA
of current.
IP6
41
37
–
I
Input 6: General purpose input or Channel B receiver external clock input (RxCB).
When the external clock is used by the receiver, the received data is sampled on the
rising edge of the clock. Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 µA of
current.
VCC
44
40
28
I
Power Supply: +5V supply input.
GND
22
20
14
I
Ground
1, 12,
34, 23
–
–
–
Not connected.
n.c.
2004 Apr 06
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS1
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
RATING
UNIT
Tamb
Operating ambient temperature
See Note 4
°C
Tstg
Storage temperature range
–65 to +150
°C
All voltages with respect to ground3
–0.5 to +6.0
V
VSS – 0.5 V to VCC + 0.5 V
V
range2
Pin voltage range
NOTES:
1. Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and
functional operation of the device at these or any other condition above those indicated in the operation section of this specification is not
implied.
2. For operating at elevated temperatures, the device must be derated based on +150 °C maximum junction temperature.
3. This product includes circuitry specifically designed for the protection of its internal devices from damaging effects of excessive static
charge. Nonetheless, it is suggested that conventional precautions be taken to avoid applying any voltages larger than the rated maxima.
4. Parameters are valid over specified temperature range. See Ordering information table for applicable operating temperature range and VCC
supply range.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS1, 2, 3
Tamb = –40 °C to +85 °C; VCC = +5.0 V ± 10%
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
VIL
VIH
VIH
VIH
LOW-level input voltage
HIGH-level input voltage (except X1/CLK)
HIGH-level input voltage (except X1/CLK)
HIGH-level input voltage (X1/CLK)
VOL
LOW-level output voltage
VOH
HIGH-level output voltage (except open-drain outputs)4
IIX1
IILX1
IIHX1
X1/CLK input current
X1/CLK input LOW current – operating
X1/CLK input HIGH current – operating
IOHX2
IOHX2S
IOLX2
IOLX2S
X2 output HIGH current – operating
X2 output HIGH short circuit current – operating
X2 output LOW current – operating
X2 output LOW short circuit current – operating
II
Input leakage current:
All except input port pins
Input port pins
IOZH
IOZL
TEST CONDITIONS
Tamb ≥ 0 °C
Tamb < 0 °C
LIMITS
UNIT
Min
Typ
Max
–
2.0
2.5
0.8 VCC
–
–
–
–
0.8
–
–
–
V
V
V
V
V
IOL = 2.4 mA
–
–
0.4
IOH = –400 µA
VCC – 0.5
–
–
V
VIN = 0 V to VCC
VIN = 0 V
VIN = VCC
–10
–75
0
–
–
–
+10
0
75
µA
µA
µA
VOUT = VCC; X1 = 0
VOUT = 0 V; X1 = 0
VOUT = 0 V; X1 = VCC
VOUT = VCC; X1 = VCC
0
–10
–75
1
–
–
–
–
+75
–1
0
10
µA
mA
µA
mA
VIN = 0 V to VCC
VIN = 0 V to VCC
–10
–20
–
–
+10
+10
µA
µA
Output off current HIGH, 3-state data bus
Output off current LOW, 3-state data bus
VIN = VCC
VIN = 0 V
–
–10
–
–
10
–
µA
µA
IODL
IODH
Open-drain output LOW current in off-state
Open-drain output HIGH current in off-state
VIN = 0 V
VIN = VCC
–10
–
–
–
–
10
µA
µA
ICC
Power supply current5
Operating mode
CMOS input levels
–
10
mA
–
NOTES:
1. Parameters are valid over specified temperature range.
2. All voltage measurements are referenced to ground (GND). For testing, all inputs swing between 0.4 V and 2.4 V with a transition time of
5 ns maximum. For X1/CLK this swing is between 0.4 V and 4.4 V. All time measurements are referenced at input voltages of 0.8 V and
2.0 V and output voltages of 0.8 V and 2.0 V, as appropriate.
3. Typical values are at +25 °C, typical supply voltages, and typical processing parameters.
4. Test conditions for outputs: CL = 150 pF, except interrupt outputs. Test conditions for interrupt outputs: CL = 50 pF, RL = 2.7 kΩ to VCC.
5. All outputs are disconnected. Inputs are switching between CMOS levels of VCC – 0.2 V and VSS + 0.2 V.
2004 Apr 06
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
AC CHARACTERISTICS
Tamb = –40 °C to +85 °C1; VCC = +5.0 V ± 10% 2, 3, 4, 5
SYMBOL
LIMITS
PARAMETER
UNIT
Min
Typ
Max
200
–
–
ns
10
100
0
0
225
–
–
100
20
200
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
175
100
–
–
–
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
0
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
400
ns
ns
ns
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
300
300
300
300
300
300
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
100
1.0
100
0
220
0
0
220
0
0
–
3.6864
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.0
–
4.0
–
2.0
1.0
–
2.0
1.0
ns
MHz
ns
MHz
ns
MHz
MHz
ns
MHz
MHz
–
0
–
–
350
150
ns
ns
Reset Timing (Figure 3)
tRES
RESET pulse width
Bus Timing (Figure 4)6
tAS
tAH
tCS
tCH
tRW
tDD
tDF
tDS
tDH
tRWD
A0-A3 set-up time to RDN, WRN LOW
A0-A3 hold time from RDN, WRN LOW
CEN set-up time to RDN, WRN LOW
CEN hold time from RDN, WRN HIGH
WRN, RDN pulse width
Data valid after RDN LOW
Data bus floating after RDN HIGH
Data set-up time before WRN HIGH
Data hold time after WRN HIGH
HIGH time between READs and/or WRITE7, 8
Port Timing (Figure 5)6
tPS
tPH
tPD
Port input set-up time before RDN LOW
Port input hold time after RDN HIGH
Port output valid after WRN HIGH
Interrupt Timing (Figure 6)
tIR
INTRN (or OP3-OP7 when used as interrupts) negated from:
Read RHR (RxRDY/FFULL interrupt)
Write THR (TxRDY interrupt)
Reset command (delta break interrupt)
Stop C/T command (counter interrupt)
Read IPCR (input port change interrupt)
Write IMR (clear of interrupt mask bit)
Clock Timing (Figure 7)10
tCLK
fCLK
tCTC
fCTC
tRX9
fRX9
tTX9
fTX9
X1/CLK HIGH or LOW time
X1/CLK frequency
CTCLK (IP2) HIGH or LOW time
CTCLK (IP2) frequency
RxC HIGH or LOW time
RxC frequency (16×)
(1×)
TxC HIGH or LOW time
TxC frequency (16×)
(1×)
Transmitter Timing (Figure 8)
tTXD9
tTCS9
TxD output delay from TxC external clock input on IP pin
Output delay from TxC LOW at OP pin to TxD data output
Receiver Timing (Figure 10)
tRXS9
RxD data setup time before RxC HIGH at external clock input on IP pin
240
–
–
ns
tRXH9
RxD data hold time after RxC HIGH at external clock input on IP pin
200
–
–
ns
NOTES:
1. For operating at elevated temperatures, the device must be derated based on +150 °C maximum junction temperature.
2. Parameters are valid over specified temperature range.
3. All voltage measurements are referenced to ground (GND). For testing, all inputs except X1/CLK swing between 0.4 V and 2.4 V with a
transition time of ≤ 20 ns. For X1/CLK this swing is between 0.4 V and 4.4 V. All time measurements are referenced at input voltages of
0.8 V and 2.0 V as appropriate.
4. Typical values are at +25 °C, typical supply voltages, and typical processing parameters.
5. Test condition for outputs: CL = 150 pF, except interrupt outputs. Test condition for interrupt outputs: CL = 50 pF, RL = 2.7 kΩ to VCC.
6. Timing is illustrated and referenced to the WRN and RDN inputs. The device may also be operated with CEN as the ‘strobing’ input. In this
case, all timing specifications apply referenced to the falling and rising edges of CEN, CEN and RDN (also CEN and WRN) are ANDed
internally. As a consequence, the signal asserted last initiates the cycle and the signal negated first terminates the cycle.
7. If CEN is used as the ‘strobing’ input, the parameter defines the minimum HIGH times between one CEN and the next. The RDN signal must
be negated for tRWD to guarantee that any status register changes are valid.
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
8. Consecutive write operations to the same command register require at least three edges of the X1 clock between writes.
9. This parameter is not applicable to the 28-pin device.
10. Operation to 0 MHz is assured by design. However, operation at low frequencies is not tested and has not been characterized.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
8
D0–D7
CHANNEL A
BUS BUFFER
TRANSMIT
HOLDING REG
TxDA
TRANSMIT
SHIFT REGISTER
RDN
OPERATION CONTROL
WRN
ADDRESS
DECODE
CEN
A0–A3
RESET
RECEIVE
HOLDING REG (3)
RxDA
4
RECEIVE
SHIFT REGISTER
R/W CONTROL
MRA1, 2
CRA
SRA
INTERRUPT CONTROL
INTRN
IMR
INTERNAL DATABUS
TIMING
BAUD RATE
GENERATOR
RxDB
CONTROL
TIMING
TxDB
CHANNEL B
(AS ABOVE)
ISR
INPUT PORT
CHANGE OF
STATE
DETECTORS (4)
7
IP0-IP6
IPCR
ACR
CLOCK
SELECTORS
COUNTER/
TIMER
OUTPUT PORT
FUNCTION
SELECT LOGIC
X1/CLK
XTAL OSC
8
OP0-OP7
OPCR
X2
OPR
CSRA
CSRB
ACR
CTUR
CTLR
VCC
GND
SD00085
Figure 2. Block Diagram
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Counter/Timer (C/T)
The SCC2681 DUART consists of the following eight major sections:
data bus buffer, operation control, interrupt control, timing,
communications Channels A and B, input port and output port. Refer
to the block diagram.
The counter timer is a 16 bit programmable divider that operates
one of three modes: Counter, Timer or Time Out mode. In all three
modes it uses the 16-bit value loaded to the CTUR and CTLR
registers. (Counter timer upper and lower preset registers).
• In the timer mode it generates a square wave.
• In the counter mode it generates a time delay.
• In the time out mode it monitors the receiver data flow and signals
Data Bus Buffer
The data bus buffer provides the interface between the external and
internal data buses. It is controlled by the operation control block to
allow read and write operations to take place between the controlling
CPU and the DUART.
data flow has paused. In the time out mode the receiver controls
the starting/stopping of the C/T.
Operation Control
The counter operates as a down counter and sets its output bit in
the ISR (Interrupt Status Register) each time it passes through 0.
The output of the counter/timer may be seen on one of the OP pins
or as an Rx or Tx clock.
The operation control logic receives operation commands from the
CPU and generates appropriate signals to internal sections to
control device operation. It contains address decoding and read and
write circuits to permit communications with the microprocessor via
the data bus buffer.
The Timer/Counter is controlled with six (6) “commands”; Start C/T,
Stop C/T, write C/T, preset registers, read C/T value, set or reset
time out mode.
Interrupt Control
A single active-LOW interrupt output (INTRN) is provided which is
activated upon the occurrence of any of eight internal events.
Associated with the interrupt system are the Interrupt Mask Register
(IMR) and the Interrupt Status Register (ISR). The IMR may be
programmed to select only certain conditions to cause INTRN to be
asserted. The ISR can be read by the CPU to determine all currently
active interrupting conditions.
Please see the detail of the commands under the Counter/Timer
register descriptions.
Communications Channels A and B
Each communications channel of the SCC2681 comprises a
full-duplex asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART). The operating
frequency for each receiver and transmitter can be selected
independently from the baud rate generator, the counter timer, or
from an external input.
Specific Change of State (COS) bits interrupts are controlled in the
ACR and IPCR registers. The ISR indicates a COS has occurred,
but not the particular pins causing the interrupt.
The transmitter accepts parallel data from the CPU, converts it to a
serial bit stream, inserts the appropriate start, stop, and optional
parity bits and outputs a composite serial stream of data on the TxD
output pin. The receiver accepts serial data on the RxD pin,
converts this serial input to parallel format, checks for start bit, stop
bit, parity bit (if any), or break condition and sends an assembled
character to the CPU.
Outputs OP3-OP7 can be programmed to provide discrete interrupt
outputs for the transmitter, receivers, and counter/timer. The OP
pins associated with the receiver and transmitter may be used for
DMA interface.
Timing Circuits
The timing block consists of a crystal oscillator, a baud rate
generator, a programmable 16-bit counter/timer, and four clock
selectors. The crystal oscillator operates directly from a 3.6864MHz
crystal connected across the X1/CLK and X2 inputs. If an external
clock of the appropriate frequency is available, it may be connected
to X1/CLK. The clock serves as the basic timing reference for the
Baud Rate Generator (BRG), the counter/timer, and other internal
circuits. A clock signal within the limits specified in the specifications
section of this data sheet must always be supplied to the DUART.
Input Port
The inputs to this unlatched 7-bit port can be read by the CPU by
performing a read operation at address 0xD. A HIGH input results in
a logic 1 while a LOW input results in a logic 0. D7 will always read
as a logic 1. The pins of this port can also serve as auxiliary inputs
to certain portions of the DUART logic.
Four change-of-state detectors are provided which are associated
with inputs IP3, IP2, IP1 and IP0. A HIGH-to-LOW or LOW-to-HIGH
transition of these inputs lasting longer than 25 – 50µs, will set the
corresponding bit in the input port change register. The bits are
cleared when the register is read by the CPU. Any change-of-state
can also be programmed to generate an interrupt to the CPU.
If an external clock is used instead of a crystal, both X1 and X2
should use a configuration similar to the one in Figure 7.
The baud rate generator operates from the oscillator or external
clock input and is capable of generating 18 commonly used data
communications baud rates ranging from 50 to 115.2 k baud. The
clock outputs from the BRG are at 16× the actual baud rate. The
counter/timer can be used as a timer to produce a 16× clock for any
other baud rate by counting down the crystal clock or an external
clock. The four clock selectors allow the independent selection, for
each receiver and transmitter, of any of these baud rates or external
timing signal.
2004 Apr 06
All the IP pins have a small pull-up device that will source 1 to 4 µA
of current from VCC. These pins do not require pull-up devices or
VCC connections if they are not used.
The input port pulse detection circuitry uses a 38.4 kHz sampling
clock derived from one of the baud rate generator taps. This results
in a sampling period of slightly more than 25 µs (this assumes that
the clock input is 3.6864 MHz). The detection circuitry, in order to
guarantee that a true change in level has occurred, requires two
successive samples at the new logic level be observed. As a
consequence, the minimum duration of the signal change is 25 µs if
the transition occurs “coincident with the first sample pulse”. The
50 µs time refers to the situation in which the change-of-state is “just
missed” and the first change-of-state is not detected until 25 µs later.
8
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
Output Port
Receiver
The output port pins may be controlled by the OPR, OPCR, MR and
CR registers. Via appropriate programming they may be just another
parallel port to external circuits, or they may represent many internal
conditions of the UART. When this 8-bit port is used as a general
purpose output port, the output port pins drive a state which is the
complement of the Output Port Register (OPR). OPR(n) = 1 results
in OP(n) = LOW and vice versa. Bits of the OPR can be individually
set and reset. A bit is set by performing a write operation at address
0xE with the accompanying data specifying the bits to be set
(1 = set, 0 = no change).
The SCC2681 is conditioned to receive data when enabled through
the command register. The receiver looks for a HIGH-to-LOW
(mark-to-space) transition of the start bit on the RxD input pin. If a
transition is detected, the state of the RxD pin is sampled each 16×
clock for 7 1/2 clocks (16× clock mode) or at the next rising edge of
the bit time clock (1× clock mode). If RxD is sampled HIGH, the start
bit is invalid and the search for a valid start bit begins again. If RxD
is still LOW, a valid start bit is assumed and the receiver continues
to sample the input at one bit time intervals at the theoretical center
of the bit, until the proper number of data bits and parity bit (if any)
have been assembled, and one stop bit has been detected. The
least significant bit is received first. The data is then transferred to the
Receive Holding Register (RHR) and the RxRDY bit in the SR is set
to a 1. This condition can be programmed to generate an interrupt at
OP4 or OP5 and INTRN. If the character length is less than eight
bits, the most significant unused bits in the RHR are set to zero.
Likewise, a bit is reset by a write at address 0xF with the
accompanying data specifying the bits to be reset (1 = reset,
0 = no change).
Outputs can be also individually assigned specific functions by
appropriate programming of the Channel A mode registers (MR1A,
MR2A), the Channel B mode registers (MR1B, MR2B), and the
Output Port Configuration Register (OPCR).
After the stop bit is detected, the receiver will immediately look for
the next start bit. However, if a non-zero character was received
without a stop bit (framing error) and RxD remains LOW for one half
of the bit period after the stop bit was sampled, then the receiver
operates as if a new start bit transition had been detected at that
point (one-half bit time after the stop bit was sampled).
Please note that these pins drive both HIGH and LOW. However
when they are programmed to represent interrupt type functions
(such as receiver ready, transmitter ready, DMA signals or
counter/timer ready) they will be switched to an open drain
configuration in which case an external pull-up device would be
required.
The parity error, framing error, overrun error and received break
state (if any) are strobed into the SR at the received character
boundary, before the RxRDY status bit is set. If a break condition is
detected (RxD is LOW for the entire character including the stop bit),
a character consisting of all zeros will be loaded into the RHR and
the received break bit in the SR is set to 1. The RxD input must
return to HIGH for two (2) clock edges of the X1 crystal clock for the
receiver to recognize the end of the break condition and begin the
search for a start bit. This will usually require a HIGH time of one
X1 clock period or 3 X1 edges since the clock of the controller
is not synchronous to the X1 clock.
TRANSMITTER OPERATION
The SCC2681 is conditioned to transmit data when the transmitter is
enabled through the command register. The SCC2681 indicates to
the CPU that it is ready to accept a character by setting the TxRDY
bit in the status register. This condition can be programmed to
generate an interrupt request at OP6 or OP7 and INTRN. When a
character is loaded into the Transmit Holding Register (THR), the
above conditions are negated. Data is transferred from the holding
register to transmit shift register when it is idle or has completed
transmission of the previous character. The TxRDY conditions are
then asserted again which means one full character time of buffering
is provided. Characters cannot be loaded into the THR while the
transmitter is disabled.
Receiver FIFO
The RHR consists of a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) stack with a capacity
of three characters. Data is loaded from the receive shift register
into the top most empty position of the FIFO. The RxRDY bit in the
status register is set whenever one or more characters are available
to be read, and a FFULL status bit is set if all three stack positions
are filled with data. Either of these bits can be selected to cause an
interrupt. A read of the RHR outputs the data at the top of the FIFO.
After the read cycle, the data FIFO and its associated status bits
(see below) are ‘popped’ thus emptying a FIFO position for new data.
The transmitter converts the parallel data from the CPU to a serial
bit stream on the TxD output pin. It automatically sends a start bit
followed by the programmed number of data bits, an optional parity
bit, and the programmed number of stop bits. The least significant
bit is sent first. Following the transmission of the stop bits, if a new
character is not available in the THR, the TxD output remains HIGH
and the TxEMT bit in the Status Register (SR) will be set to 1.
Transmission resumes and the TxEMT bit is cleared when the CPU
loads a new character into the THR.
Receiver Status Bits
In addition to the data word, three status bits (parity error, framing
error, and received break) are also appended to each data character
in the FIFO (overrun is not). Status can be provided in two ways, as
programmed by the error mode control bit in the mode register. In
the ‘character’ mode, status is provided on a character-by-character
basis; the status applies only to the character at the top of the FIFO.
In the ‘block’ mode, the status provided in the SR for these three bits
is the logical-OR of the status for all characters coming to the top of
the FIFO since the last ‘reset error’ command was issued. In either
mode reading the SR does not affect the FIFO. The FIFO is
‘popped’ only when the RHR is read. Therefore the status register
should be read prior to reading the FIFO.
If the transmitter is disabled, it continues operating until the
character currently being transmitted is completely sent out. The
transmitter can be forced to send a continuous LOW condition by
issuing a send break command.
The transmitter can be reset through a software command (0x30). If
it is reset, operation ceases immediately and the transmitter must be
enabled through the command register before resuming operation. If
CTS operation is enable, the CTSN input must be LOW in order for
the character to be transmitted. If it goes HIGH in the middle of a
transmission, the character in the shift register is transmitted and
TxDA then remains in the marking state until CTSN goes LOW. The
transmitter can also control the deactivation of the RTSN output. If
programmed, the RTSN output will be reset one bit time after the
character in the transmit shift register and transmit holding register
(if any) are completely transmitted, if the transmitter has been disabled.
2004 Apr 06
If the FIFO is full when a new character is received, that character is
held in the receive shift register until a FIFO position is available. If
an additional character is received while this state exits, the
contents of the FIFO are not affected; the character previously in the
9
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
or MR1B[4:3] to ‘11’ for Channels A and B, respectively. In this mode
of operation, a ‘master’ station transmits an address character
followed by data characters for the addressed ‘slave’ station. The
slave stations, with receivers that are normally disabled, examine
the received data stream and ‘wake up’ the CPU (by setting RxRDY)
only upon receipt of an address character. The CPU compares the
received address to its station address and enables the receiver if it
wishes to receive the subsequent data characters. Upon receipt of
another address character, the CPU may disable the receiver to
initiate the process again.
shift register is lost and the overrun error status bit (SR[4] will be
set-upon receipt of the start bit of the new (overrunning) character).
The receiver can control the deactivation of RTS. If programmed to
operate in this mode, the RTSN output will be negated (set to ‘1’)
when a valid start bit was received and the FIFO is full. When a
FIFO position becomes available, the RTSN output will be
re-asserted (set to ‘0’) automatically. This feature can be used to
prevent an overrun, in the receiver, by connecting the RTSN output
to the CTSN input of the transmitting device.
Receiver Reset and Disable
A transmitted character consists of a start bit, the programmed
number of data bits, and Address/Data (A/D) bit, and the
programmed number of stop bits. The polarity of the transmitted A/D
bit is selected by the CPU by programming bit MR1A[2]/MR1B[2].
MR1A[2]/MR1B[2] = 0 transmits a zero in the A/D bit position, which
identifies the corresponding data bits as data while
MR1A[2]/MR1B[2] = 1 transmits a one in the A/D bit position, which
identifies the corresponding data bits as an address. The CPU
should program the mode register prior to loading the corresponding
data bits into the THR.
Receiver disable stops the receiver immediately – data being
assembled if the receiver shift register is lost. Data and status in the
FIFO is preserved and may be read. A re-enable of the receiver
after a disable will cause the receiver to begin assembling
characters at the next start bit detected.
A receiver reset will discard the present shift register data, reset the
receiver ready bit (RxRDY), clear the status of the byte at the top of
the FIFO and re-align the FIFO read/write pointers. This has the
appearance of “clearing or flushing” the receiver FIFO. In fact, the
FIFO is NEVER cleared! The data in the FIFO remains valid until
overwritten by another received character. Because of this,
erroneous reading or extra reads of the receiver FIFO will miss-align
the FIFO pointers and result in the reading of previously read data.
A receiver reset will re-align the pointers.
In this mode, the receiver continuously looks at the received data
stream, whether it is enabled or disabled. If disabled, it sets the
RxRDY status bit and loads the character into the RHR FIFO if the
received A/D bit is a one (address tag), but discards the received
character if the received A/D bit is a zero (data tag). If enabled, all
received characters are transferred to the CPU via the RHR. In
either case, the data bits are loaded into the data FIFO while the
A/D bit is loaded into the status FIFO position normally used for
parity error (SRA[5] or SRB[5]). Framing error, overrun error, and
break detect operate normally whether or not the receive is enabled.
Multidrop Mode
Note: Please see Application Note AN10251 for more information
on this feature.
The DUART is equipped with a wake up mode for multidrop
applications. This mode is selected by programming bits MR1A[4:3]
2004 Apr 06
SCC2681
10
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
PROGRAMMING
Mode registers 1 and 2 of each channel are accessed via
independent auxiliary pointers. The pointer is set to MR1x by
RESET or by issuing a ‘reset pointer’ command via the
corresponding command register. Any read or write of the mode
register while the pointer is at MR1x, switches the pointer to MR2x.
The pointer then remains at MR2x, so that subsequent accesses are
always to MR2x unless the pointer is reset to MR1x as described
above.
The operation of the DUART is programmed by writing control words
into the appropriate registers. Operational feedback is provided via
status registers which can be read by the CPU. The addressing of
the registers is described in Table 1.
The contents of certain control registers are initialized to zero on
RESET. Care should be exercised if the contents of a register are
changed during operation, since certain changes may cause
operational problems.
Mode, command, clock select, and status registers are duplicated
for each channel to provide total independent operation and control.
Refer to Table 2 for register bit descriptions.
For example, changing the number of bits per character while the
transmitter is active may cause the transmission of an incorrect
character. In general, the contents of the MR, the CSR, and the
OPCR should only be changed while the receiver(s) and
transmitter(s) are not enabled, and certain changes to the ACR
should only be made while the C/T is stopped.
Table 1. SCC2681 Register Addressing
A3
A2
A1
A0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
READ (RDN = 0)
Mode Register A (MR1A, MR2A)
Status Register A (SRA)
BRG Extend *
Rx Holding Register A (RHRA)
Input Port Change Register (IPCR)
Interrupt Status Register (ISR)
Counter/Timer Upper Value (CTU)
Counter/Timer Lower Value (CTL)
Mode Register B (MR1B, MR2B)
Status Register B (SRB)
1×/16× Test
Rx Holding Register B (RHRB)
Use for scratch pad
Input Ports IP0 to IP6
Start Counter Command
Stop Counter Command
WRITE (WRN = 0)
Mode Register A (MR1A, MR2A)
Clock Select Register A (CSRA)
Command Register A (CRA)
Tx Holding Register A (THRA)
Aux. Control Register (ACR)
Interrupt Mask Register (IMR)
C/T Upper Preset Value (CRUR)
C/T Lower Preset Value (CTLR)
Mode Register B (MR1B, MR2B)
Clock Select Register B (CSRB)
Command Register B (CRB)
Tx Holding Register B (THRB)
Use for scratch pad
Output Port Conf. Register (OPCR)
Set Output Port Bits Command
Reset Output Port Bits Command
* See Table 5 for BRG Extended frequencies in this data sheet, and “Extended baud rates for SCN2681, SCN68681, SCC2691, SCC2692,
SCC68692 and SCC2698B” in application notes elsewhere in this publication.
2004 Apr 06
11
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
Table 2. Register Bit Formats
MR1A
MR1B
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
RxRTS
CONTROL
RxINT
SELECT
ERROR
MODE*
BIT 4
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = RxRDY
1 = FFULL
0 = Char
1 = Block
BIT 3
BIT 2
PARITY MODE
00 = With Parity
01 = Force Parity
10 = No Parity
11 = Multidrop Mode**
BIT 1
BIT 0
PARITY
TYPE
BITS PER
CHARACTER
0 = Even
1 = Odd
00 = 5
01 = 6
10 = 7
11 = 8
NOTE:
* In block error mode, block error conditions must be cleared by using the error reset command (command 4x) or a receiver reset.
** Please see Receiver Reset note on page 21.
BIT 7
BIT 6
CHANNEL MODE
MR2A
MR2B
BIT 5
BIT 4
TxRTS
CONTROL
CTS
ENABLE Tx
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
00 = Normal
01 = Auto-Echo
10 = Local loop
11 = Remote loop
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
STOP BIT LENGTH*
0 = 0.563
1 = 0.625
2 = 0.688
3 = 0.750
4 = 0.813
5 = 0.875
6 = 0.938
7 = 1.000
8 = 1.563
9 = 1.625
A = 1.688
B = 1.750
C = 1.813
D = 1.875
E = 1.938
F = 2.000
NOTE:
*Add 0.5 to values shown for 0 – 7 if channel is programmed for 5 bits/char.
BIT 7
BIT 6
CSRA
CSRB
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
RECEIVER CLOCK SELECT
TRANSMITTER CLOCK SELECT
See Text
See Text
NOTE:
* See Table 5 for BRG Test frequencies in this data sheet, and “Extended baud rates for SCN2681, SCN68681, SCC2691, SCC2692,
SCC68692 and SCC2698B” in application notes elsewhere in this publication.
BIT 7
CRA
CRB
BIT 6
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS
BIT 5
DISABLE Tx
ENABLE Tx
DISABLE Rx
ENABLE Rx
See Text
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
Not used –
must be 0
BIT 4
NOTE:
*Access to the upper three bits of the command register should be separated by three (3) edges of the X1 clock. A disabled transmitter cannot
be loaded.
SRA
SRB
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
RECEIVED
BREAK*
FRAMING
ERROR*
PARITY
ERROR*
OVERRUN
ERROR
TxEMT
TxRDY
FFULL
RxRDY
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
NOTE:
* These status bits are appended to the corresponding data character in the receive FIFO. A read of the status provides these bits (7:5) from
the top of the FIFO together with bits (4:0). These bits are cleared by a “reset error status” command. In character mode they are discarded
when the corresponding data character is read from the FIFO. In block error mode, block error conditions must be cleared by using the error
reset command (command 4x) or a receiver reset.
OPCR
OPR
OPR bit
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
OP7
OP6
OP5
OP4
0 = OPR[7]
1 = TxRDYB
0 = OPR[6]
1 = TxRDYA
0 = OPR[5]
1 = RxRDY/
FFULLB
0 = OPR[4]
1 = RxRDY/
FFULLA
BIT 7
0
BIT 6
1
0
BIT 5
1
0
0
BIT 2
BIT 1
OP3
BIT 3
BIT 0
OP2
00 = OPR[3]
01 = C/T OUTPUT
10 = TxCB(1x)
11 = RxCB(1x)
BIT 4
1
OP pin
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
NOTE:
The level at the OP pin is the inverse of the bit in the OPR register.
2004 Apr 06
BIT 3
00 = OPR[2]
01 = TxCA(16x)
10 = TxCA(1x)
11 = RxCA(1x)
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
12
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
Table 2. Register Bit Formats (Continued)
BIT 7
ACR
IPCR
ISR
IMR
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BRG SET
SELECT
COUNTER/TIMER
MODE AND SOURCE
0 = set 1
1 = set 2
See Table 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
DELTA
IP 3 INT
DELTA
IP 2 INT
DELTA
IP 1 INT
DELTA
IP 0 INT
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
DELTA
IP 3
DELTA
IP 2
DELTA
IP 1
DELTA
IP 0
IP 3
IP 2
IP 1
IP 0
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = LOW
1 = HIGH
0 = LOW
1 = HIGH
0 = LOW
1 = HIGH
0 = LOW
1 = HIGH
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
INPUT
PORT
CHANGE
DELTA
BREAK B
RxRDY/
FFULLB
TxRDYB
COUNTER
READY
DELTA
BREAK A
RxRDY/
FFULLA
TxRDYA
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
IN. PORT
CHANGE
INT
DELTA
BREAK B
INT
RxRDY/
FFULLB
INT
TxRDYB
INT
COUNTER
READY
INT
DELTA
BREAK A
INT
RxRDY/
FFULLA
INT
TxRDYA
INT
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
CTUR
C/T[15]
C/T[14]
C/T[13]
C/T[12]
C/T[11]
C/T[10]
C/T[9]
C/T[8]
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
CTLR
C/T[7]
C/T[6]
C/T[5]
C/T[4]
C/T[3]
C/T[2]
C/T[1]
C/T[0]
SCPR[7:0]
SCPR
SOPR
7 general purpose bits or flags
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
OP7
OP6
OP5
OP4
OP3
OP2
OP1
OP0
0 = no change
1 = set bit
ROPR
0 = no change
1 = set bit
0 = no change
1 = set bit
0 = no change
1 = set bit
0 = no change
1 = set bit
0 = no change
1 = set bit
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
OP7
OP6
OP5
OP4
OP3
OP2
OP1
0 = no change
1 = reset bit
2004 Apr 06
0 = no change
1 = set bit
0 = no change
1 = reset bit
0 = no change
1 = reset bit
0 = no change
1 = reset bit
13
0 = no change
1 = reset bit
0 = no change
1 = reset bit
0 = no change
1 = reset bit
0 = no change
1 = set bit
BIT 0
OP0
0 = no change
1 = reset bit
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
MR1A – Channel A Mode Register 1
MR2A – Channel A Mode Register 2
MR1A is accessed when the Channel A MR pointer points to MR1.
The pointer is set to MR1 by RESET or by a ‘set pointer’ command
applied via CRA. After reading or writing MR1A, the pointer will point
to MR2A.
MR2A is accessed when the Channel A MR pointer points to MR2,
which occurs after any access to MR1A. Accesses to MR2A do not
change the pointer.
MR2A[7:6] – Channel A Mode Select
Each channel of the DUART can operate in one of four modes.
MR2A[7:6] = 00 is the normal mode, with the transmitter and
receiver operating independently. MR2A[7:6] = 01 places the
channel in the automatic echo mode, which automatically
re-transmits the received data. The following conditions are true
while in automatic echo mode:
1. Received data is re-clocked and retransmitted on the TxDA
output.
MR1A[7] – Channel A Receiver Request-to-Send Flow Control
This bit controls the deactivation of the RTSAN output (OP0) by the
receiver. This output is normally asserted by setting OPR[0] and
negated by resetting OPR[0]. MR1A[7] = 1 causes RTSAN to be
negated upon receipt of a valid start bit if the Channel A FIFO is full.
However, OPR[0] is not reset and RTSAN will be asserted again
when an empty FIFO position is available. This feature can be used
for flow control to prevent overrun in the receiver by using the
RTSAN output signal to control the CTSN input of the transmitting
device.
2. The receive clock is used for the transmitter.
3. The receiver must be enabled, but the transmitter need not be
enabled.
MR1A[6] – Channel A Receiver Interrupt Select
This bit selects either the Channel A receiver ready status (RxRDY)
or the Channel A FIFO full status (FFULL) to be used for CPU
interrupts. It also causes the selected bit to be output on OP4 if it is
programmed as an interrupt output via the OPCR.
4. The Channel A TxRDY and TxEMT status bits are inactive.
5. The received parity is checked, but is not regenerated for
transmission, i.e. transmitted parity bit is as received.
MR1A[5] – Channel A Error Mode Select
This bit select the operating mode of the three FIFOed status bits
(FE, PE, received break) for Channel A. In the ‘character’ mode,
status is provided on a character-by-character basis; the status
applies only to the character at the top of the FIFO. In the ‘block”
mode, the status provided in the SR for these bits is the
accumulation (logical-OR) of the status for all characters coming to
the top of the FIFO since the last ‘reset error’ command for Channel
A was issued.
6. Character framing is checked, but the stop bits are retransmitted
as received.
7. A received break is echoed as received until the next valid start
bit is detected.
8. CPU to receiver communication continues normally, but the CPU
to transmitter link is disabled.
Two diagnostic modes can also be configured. MR2A[7:6] = 10
selects local loopback mode. In this mode:
1. The transmitter output is internally connected to the receiver
input.
MR1A[4:3| – Channel A Parity Mode Select
If ‘with parity’ or ‘force parity’ is selected a parity bit is added to the
transmitted character and the receiver performs a parity check on
incoming data MR1A[4:3] + 11 selects Channel A to operate in the
special multidrop mode described in the Operation section.
2. The transmit clock is used for the receiver.
3. The TxDA output is held HIGH.
4. The RxDA input is ignored.
MR1A[2] – Channel A Parity Type Select
Note: Setting these bits to ‘11’ causes a partial enabling of the
receiver. Set these bits to other than ‘11’ if a software or hardware
reset is required for some type of error recovery.
5. The transmitter must be enabled, but the receiver need not be
enabled.
6. CPU to transmitter and receiver communications continue
normally.
This bit selects the parity type (odd or even) if the ‘with parity’ mode
is programmed by MR1A[4:3], and the polarity of the forced parity bit
if the ‘force parity’ mode is programmed. It has no effect if the ‘no
parity’ mode is programmed. In the special multidrop mode it selects
the polarity of the A/D bit.
The second diagnostic mode is the remote loopback mode, selected
by MR2A[7:6] = 11. In this mode:
1. Received data is re-clocked and re-transmitted on the TxDA
output.
MR1A[1:0] – Channel A Bits Per Character Select
This field selects the number of data bits per character to be
transmitted and received. The character length does not include the
start, parity, and stop bits.
2. The receive clock is used for the transmitter.
3. Received data is not sent to the local CPU, and the error status
conditions are inactive.
4. The received parity is not checked and is not regenerated for
transmission, i.e., transmitted parity is as received.
5. The receiver must be enabled.
6. Character framing is not checked and the stop bits are
retransmitted as received.
7. A received break is echoed as received until the next valid start
bit is detected.
The user must exercise care when switching into and out of the
various modes. The selected mode will be activated immediately
upon mode selection, even if this occurs in the middle of a received
2004 Apr 06
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Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
or transmitted character. Likewise, if a mode is deselected the
device will switch out of the mode immediately. An exception to this
is switching out of autoecho or remote loopback modes: if the
deselection occurs just after the receiver has sampled the stop bit
(indicated in autoecho by assertion of RxRDY), and the transmitter
is enabled, the transmitter will remain in autoecho mode until the
entire stop has been retransmitted.
MR1B – Channel B Mode Register 1
MR1B is accessed when the Channel B MR pointer points to MR1.
The pointer is set to MR1 by RESET or by a ‘set pointer’ command
applied via CRB. After reading or writing MR1B, the pointer will point
to MR2B.
MR2B – Channel B Mode Register 2
MR2B is accessed when the Channel B MR pointer points to MR2,
which occurs after any access to MR1B. Accesses to MR2B do not
change the pointer.
MR2A[5] – Channel A Transmitter Request-to-Send Control
CAUTION: When the transmitter controls the OP pin (usually used
for the RTSN signal) the meaning of the pin is not RTSN at all!
Rather, it signals that the transmitter has finished the transmission
(i.e., end of block).
The bit definitions for mode registers 1 and 2 are identical to the bit
definitions for MRA and MR2A except that all control actions apply
to the Channel B receiver and transmitter and the corresponding
inputs and outputs.
Note: Please see Application Note AN10251 for more information
on this subject.
CSRA – Channel A Clock Select Register
This bit allows deactivation of the RTSN output by the transmitter.
This output is manually asserted and negated by the appropriate
commands issued via the SOPR and ROPR registers. MR2[5] set to
1 caused the RTSN to be reset automatically one bit time after the
character(s) in the transmit shift register and in the THR (if any) are
completely transmitted (including the programmed number of stop
bits) if a previously issued transmitter disable is pending. This
feature can be used to automatically terminate the transmission as
follows:
1. Program the auto-reset mode: MR2[5]=1
2. Enable transmitter, if not already enabled
3. Set OPR[0] or OPR[1] to ‘1’ via the SOPR and ROPR registers
4. Send message
5. After the last character of the message is loaded to the THR,
disable the transmitter. (If the transmitter is underrun, a special
case exists. See note below.)
6. The last character will be transmitted and the RTSN will be reset
one bit time after the last stop bit is sent.
STandard baud rates are shown below. A read at address 0x2
changes the baud rate generator to give higher speed baud rates.
(See Table 5 on page 21.) A subsequent read at address 0x2
changes the baud rate generator back to standard rates. In other
words, each read at 0x2 toggles the controlling flip-flop.
Table 3. Bit Rate Generator Characteristics
Crystal or Clock = 3.6864MHz
NOTE: The transmitter is in an underrun condition when both the
TxRDY and the TxEMT bits are set. This condition also exists
immediately after the transmitter is enabled from the disabled or
reset state. When using the above procedure with the transmitter in
the underrun condition, the issuing of the transmitter disable must be
delayed from the loading of a single, or last, character until the
TxRDY becomes active again after the character is loaded.
MR2A[4] – Channel A Clear-to-Send Control
If this bit is 0, CTSAN has no effect on the transmitter. If this bit is a
1, the transmitter checks the state of CTSAN (IPO) each time it is
ready to send a character. If IPO is asserted (LOW), the character is
transmitted. If it is negated (HIGH), the TxDA output remains in the
marking state and the transmission is delayed until CTSAN goes
LOW. Changes in CTSAN while a character is being transmitted do
not affect the transmission of that character..
MR2A[3:0] – Channel A Stop Bit Length Select
This field programs the length of the stop bit appended to the
transmitted character. Stop bit lengths of .563 TO 1 AND .563 to 2
bits. In increments of 0.625 bit, can be programmed for character
lengths of 6, 7, and 8 bits. For a character lengths of 5 bits, 1.0625
to 2 stop bits can be programmed in increments of .0625 bit.
Normal rate (baud)
Actual 16× clock
(kHz)
Error (%)
50
75
110
134.5
150
200
300
600
1050
1200
1800
2000
2400
4800
7200
9600
14.4 k
19.2 k
28.8 k
38.4 k
57.6 k
115.2 k
0.8
1.2
1.759
2.153
2.4
3.2
4.8
9.6
16.756
19.2
28.8
32.056
38.4
76.8
115.2
153.6
230.4
307.2
460.8
614.4
921.6
1843.2 k
0
0
–0.069
0.059
0
0
0
0
–0.260
0
0
0.175
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NOTE: Duty cycle of 16× clock is 50% ± 1%.
Asynchronous UART communications can tolerate frequency error
of 4.1% to 6.7% in a “clean” communications channel. The percent
of error changes as the character length changes. The above
percentages range from 5 bits not parity to 8 bits with parity and one
stop bit. The error with 8 bits not parity and one stop bit is 4.6%. If a
stop bit length of 9/16 is used, the error tolerance will approach 0
due to a variable error of up to 1/16 bit time in receiver clock phase
alignment to the start bit.
The receiver only checks for a ‘mark’ condition at the center of the
first stop bit position (one bit time after the last data bit, or after the
parity bit is enabled) in all cases.
If an external 1× clock is used for the transmitter, MR2A[3] = 0
selects one stop bit and MR2A[3] = 1 selects two stop bits to be
transmitted.
2004 Apr 06
SCC2681
15
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
CSRA[7:4] – Channel A Receiver Clock Select
This field selects the baud rate clock for the Channel A receiver as
follows (X1 rate at 3.6864 MHz):
CSRA[7:4]
ACR[7] = 0
Baud Rate
ACR[7] = 1
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
50
110
134.5
200
300
600
1,200
1,050
2,400
4,800
7,200
9,600
38.4k
Timer
IP4–16×
IP4–1×
75
110
134.5
150
300
600
1,200
2,000
2,400
4,800
1,800
9,600
19.2k
Timer
IP4–16×
IP4–1×
CRA – Channel A Command Register
CRA is a register used to supply commands to Channel A. Multiple
commands can be specified in a single write to CRA as long as the
commands are non-conflicting, e.g., the ‘enable transmitter’ and
‘reset transmitter’ commands cannot be specified in a single
command word.
CRA[7] – Not Used
Must be set to zero.
CRA[6:4] – Channel A Miscellaneous Command
The encoded value of this field may be used to specify a single
command as follows:
CRA[6:4] – COMMAND
000 No command.
001 Reset MR pointer. Causes the Channel A MR pointer to point
to MR1.
010 Reset receiver. Resets the Channel A receiver as if a hardware reset had been applied. The receiver is disabled and the
FIFO is flushed.
011 Reset transmitter. Resets the Channel A transmitter as if a
hardware reset had been applied.
100 Reset error status. Clears the Channel A Received Break,
Parity Error, and Overrun Error bits in the status register
(SRA[7:4]). Used in character mode to clear OE status (although RB, PE and FE bits will also be cleared) and in block
mode to clear all error status after a block of data has been
received.
101 Reset Channel A break change interrupt. Causes the Channel A break detect change bit in the interrupt status register
(ISR[2]) to be cleared to zero.
110 Start break. Forces the TxDA output LOW (spacing). If the
transmitter is empty the start of the break condition will be
delayed up to two bit times. If the transmitter is active the
break begins when transmission of the character is completed. If a character is in the THR, the start of the break will
be delayed until that character, or any other loaded subsequently are transmitted. The transmitter must be enabled for
this command to be accepted.
111 Stop break. The TxDA line will go HIGH (marking) within two
bit times. TxDA will remain HIGH for one bit time before the
next character, if any, is transmitted.
(See also Table 5 for other rates to 115.2 kHz)
Rates will change in direct proportion to X1 at 3.6864 MHz.
The receiver clock is always a 16× clock except for CSRA[7] = 1111.
CSRA[3:0] – Channel A Transmitter Clock Select
This field selects the baud rate clock for the Channel A transmitter.
The field definition is as per CSR[7:4] except as follows:
CSRA[3:0]
ACR[7] = 0
Baud Rate
ACR[7] = 1
1110
1111
IP3–16×
IP3–1×
IP3–16×
IP3–1×
The transmitter clock is always a 16× clock except for
CSR[3:0] = 1111.
CSRB – Channel B Clock Select Register
CRA[3] – Disable Channel A Transmitter
This command terminates transmitter operation and reset the
TxDRY and TxEMT status bits. However, if a character is being
transmitted or if a character is in the THR when the transmitter is
disabled, the transmission of the character(s) is completed before
assuming the inactive state. A disable transmitter cannot be loaded.
CSRB[7:4] – Channel B Receiver Clock Select
This field selects the baud rate clock for the Channel B receiver. The
field definition is as per CSRA[7:4] except as follows:
CSRB[7:4]
ACR[7] = 0
Baud Rate
ACR[7] = 1
1110
1111
IP6–16×
IP6–1×
IP6–16×
IP6–1×
CRA[2] – Enable Channel A Transmitter
Enables operation of the Channel A transmitter. The TxRDY status
bit will be asserted.
The receiver clock is always a 16× clock except for CSRB[7:4] = 1111.
CRA[1] – Disable Channel A Receiver
This command terminates operation of the receiver immediately – a
character being received will be lost. The command has no effect on
the receiver status bits or any other control registers. If the special
multidrop mode is programmed, the receiver operates even if it is
disabled. See Operation section.
CSRB[3:0] – Channel B Transmitter Clock Select
This field selects the baud rate clock for the Channel B transmitter.
The field definition is as per CSRA[7:4] except as follows:
CSRB[3:0]
1110
1111
ACR[7] = 0
IP5–16×
IP5–1×
SCC2681
Baud Rate
ACR[7] = 1
IP5–16×
IP5–1×
CRA[0] – Enable Channel A Receiver
Enables operation of the Channel A receiver. If not in the special
wake up mode, this also forces the receiver into the search for
start-bit state.
The transmitter clock is always a 16× clock except for
CSRB[3:0] = 1111.
Note: Performing disable and enable at the same time results in
disable.
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Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
receive shift register waiting for an empty FIFO position. When this
occurs, the character in the receive shift register (and its break
detect, parity error and framing error status, if any) is lost.
CRB – Channel B Command Register
CRB is a register used to supply commands to Channel B. Multiple
commands can be specified in a single write to CRB as long as the
commands are non-conflicting, e.g., the ‘enable transmitter’ and
‘reset transmitter’ commands cannot be specified in a single
command word.
This bit is cleared by a ‘reset error status’ command.
SRA[3] – Channel A Transmitter Empty (TxEMTA)
This bit will be set when the transmitter underruns, i.e., both the
TxEMT and TxRDY bits are set. This bit and TxRDY are set when
the transmitter is first enabled and at any time it is re-enabled after
either (a) reset, or (b) the transmitter has assumed the disabled
state. It is always set after transmission of the last stop bit of a
character if no character is in the THR awaiting transmission.
The bit definitions for this register are identical to the bit definitions
for CRA, except that all control actions apply to the Channel B
receiver and transmitter and the corresponding inputs and outputs.
SRA – Channel A Status Register
SRA[7] – Channel A Received Break
This bit indicates that an all zero character of the programmed
length has been received without a stop bit. Only a single FIFO
position is occupied when a break is received; further entries to the
FIFO are inhibited until the RxDA line to the marking state for at
least one-half a bit, time two successive edges of the internal or
external 1× clock. This will usually require a HIGH time of one 1×
clock period or 3 1× edges since the clock of the controller is not
synchronous to the 1× clock.
It is reset when the THR is loaded by the CPU, a pending
transmitter disable is executed, the transmitter is reset, or the
transmitter is disabled while in the underrun condition.
SRA[2] – Channel A Transmitter Ready (TxRDYA)
This bit, when set, indicates that the THR is empty and ready to be
loaded with a character. This bit is cleared when the THR is loaded
by the CPU and is set when the character is transferred to the
transmit shift register. TxRDY is reset when the transmitter is
disabled or reset, and is set when the transmitter is first enabled,
viz., characters loaded into the THR while the transmitter is disabled
will not be transmitted.
When this bit is set, the Channel A ‘change in break’ bit in the ISR
(ISR[2]) is set. ISR[2] is also set when the end of the break
condition, as defined above, is detected.
The break detect circuitry can detect breaks that originate in the
middle of a received character. However, if a break begins in the
middle of a character, it must persist until at least the end of the next
character time in order for it to be detected.
SRA[1] – Channel A FIFO Full (FFULLA)
This bit is set when a character is transferred from the receive shift
register to the receive FIFO and the transfer causes the FIFO to
become full, i.e., all three FIFO positions are occupied. It is reset
when the CPU reads the RHR. If a character is waiting in the
receive shift register because the FIFO is full, FFULL will not be
reset when the CPU reads the RHR.
SRA[6] – Channel A Framing Error
This bit, when set, indicates that a stop bit was not detected when
the corresponding data character in the FIFO was received. The
stop bit check is made in the middle of the first bit position.
SRA[0] – Channel A Receiver Ready (RxRDYA)
This bit indicates that a character has been received and is waiting
in the FIFO to be read by the CPU. It is set when the character is
transferred from the receive shift to the FIFO and reset when the
CPU reads the RHR, if after this read there are not more characters
still in the FIFO.
SRA[5] – Channel A Parity Error
This bit is set when the ‘with parity’ or ‘force parity’ mode is
programmed and the corresponding character in the FIFO was
received with incorrect parity.
In the special multidrop mode the parity error bit stores the receive
A/D bit.
SRB – Channel B Status Register
The bit definitions for this register are identical to the bit definitions
for SRA, except that all status applies to the Channel B receiver and
transmitter and the corresponding inputs and outputs.
SRA[4] – Channel A Overrun Error
This bit, when set indicates that one or more characters in the
received data stream have been lost. It is set upon receipt of a new
character when the FIFO is full and a character is already in the
2004 Apr 06
SCC2681
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Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
OPCR – Output Port Configuration Register
ACR – Auxiliary Control Register
OPCR[7] – OP7 Output Select
This bit programs the OP7 output to provide one of the following:
0 – The complement of OPR[7].
1 – The Channel B transmitter interrupt output which is the
complement of TxRDYB. When in this mode OP7 acts as an
Open-drain output. Note that this output is not masked by the
contents of the IMR.
ACR[7] – Baud Rate Generator Set Select
This bit selects one of two sets of baud rates to be generated by the
BRG:
OPCR[6] – OP6 Output Select
This bit programs the OP6 output to provide one of the following:
0 – The complement of OPR[6].
1 – The Channel A transmitter interrupt output which is the
complement of TxRDYA. When in this mode OP6 acts as an
Open-drain output. Note that this output is not masked by the
contents of the IMR.
Please see Table 5 for rates to 115.2 k baud.
Set 1:
Set 2:
The selected set of rates is available for use by the Channel A and
B receivers and transmitters as described in CSRA and CSRB.
Baud rate generator characteristics are given in Table 3.
ACR[6:4] – Counter/Timer Mode And Clock Source Select
This field selects the operating mode of the counter/timer and its
clock source as shown in Table 4.
OPCR[5] – OP5 Output Select
This bit programs the OP5 output to provide one of the following:
0 – The complement of OPR[5].
1 – The Channel B transmitter interrupt output which is the
complement of ISR[5]. When in this mode OP5 acts as an
Open-drain output. Note that this output is not masked by the
contents of the IMR.
Table 4. ACR 6:4 Field Definition
OPCR[4] – OP4 Output Select
This field programs the OP4 output to provide one of the following:
0 – The complement of OPR[4].
1 – The Channel B transmitter interrupt output which is the
complement of ISR[1]. When in this mode OP4 acts as an
Open-drain output. Note that this output is not masked by the
contents of the IMR.
OPCR[3:2] – OP3 Output Select
This bit programs the OP3 output to provide one of the following:
00 – The complement of OPR[3].
01 – The counter/timer output, in which case OP3 acts as an
Open-drain output. In the timer mode, this output is a square
wave at the programmed frequency. In the counter mode, the
output remains HIGH until terminal count is reached, at which
time it goes LOW. The output returns to the HIGH state when
the counter is stopped by a stop counter command. Note that
this output is not masked by the contents of the IMR.
10 – The 1× clock for the Channel B transmitter, which is the clock
that shifts the transmitted data. If data is not being transmitted,
a free running 1× clock is output.
11 – The 1× clock for the Channel B receiver, which is the clock that
samples the received data. If data is not being received, a free
running 1× clock is output.
ACR 6:4
MODE
CLOCK SOURCE
000
Counter
External (IP2)
001
Counter
TxCA – 1× clock of Channel A
transmitter
010
Counter
TxCB – 1× clock of Channel B
transmitter
011
Counter
Crystal or external clock (X1/CLK)
divided by 16
100
Timer
External (IP2)
(square wave)
101
Timer
External (IP2) divided by 16
(square wave)
110
Timer
Crystal or external clock (X1/CLK)
(square wave)
111
Timer
Crystal or external clock (X1/CLK)
(square wave) divided by 16
NOTE: Timer mode generates a squarewave.
ACR[3:0] – IP3, IP2, IP1, IP0 Change-of-State Interrupt Enable
This field selects which bits of the input port change register (IPCR)
cause the input change bit in the interrupt status register (ISR[7]) to
be set. If a bit is in the ‘on’ state the setting of the corresponding bit
in the IPCR will also result in the setting of ISR[7], which results in
the generation of an interrupt output if IMR[7] = 1. If a bit is in the
‘off’ state, the setting of that bit in the IPCR has no effect on ISR[7].
IPCR – Input Port Change Register
OPCR[1:0] – OP2 Output Select
This field programs the OP2 output to provide one of the following:
00 – The complement of OPR[2].
01 – The 16× clock for the Channel A transmitter. This is the clock
selected by CSRA[3:0], and will be a 1× clock if
CSRA[3:0] = 1111.
10 – The 1× clock for the Channel A transmitter, which is the clock
that shifts the transmitted data. If data is not being transmitted,
a free running 1× clock is output.
11 – The 1× clock for the Channel A receiver, which is the clock that
samples the received data. If data is not being received, a free
running 1× clock is output.
2004 Apr 06
50, 110, 134.5, 200, 300, 600, 1.05 k, 1.2 k, 2.4 k, 4.8 k,
7.2 k, 9.6 k, and 38.4 k baud.
75, 110, 134.5, 150, 300, 600, 1.2 k, 1.8 k, 2.0 k, 2.4 k,
4.8 k, 9.6 k, and 19.2 k baud.
IPCR[7:4] – IP3, IP2, IP1, IP0 Change-of-State
These bits are set when a change-of-state, as defined in the input
port section of this data sheet, occurs at the respective input pins.
They are cleared when the IPCR is read by the CPU. A read of
the IPCR also clears ISR[7], the input change bit in the interrupt
status register. The setting of these bits can be programmed to
generate an interrupt to the CPU.
IPCR[3:0] – IP3, IP2, IP1, IP0 Current State
These bits provide the current state of the respective inputs. The
information is unlatched and reflects the state of the input pins at the
time the IPCR is read.
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Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
become full; i.e., all three FIFO positions are occupied. It is reset
when the CPU reads the RHR. If a character is waiting in the
receive shift register because the FIFO is full, the bit will be set
again when the ISR[0] and IMR waiting character is loaded into the
FIFO.
ISR – Interrupt Status Register
This register provides the status of all potential interrupt sources.
The contents of this register are masked by the Interrupt Mask
Register (IMR). If a bit in the ISR is a ‘1’ and the corresponding bit in
the IMR is also a ‘1’, the INTRN output will be asserted. If the
corresponding bit in the IMR is a zero, the state of the bit in the ISR
has no effect on the INTRN output. Note that the IMR does not mask
the reading of the ISR – the true status will be provided regardless
of the contents of the IMR. The contents of this register are
initialized to 0016 when the DUART is reset.
ISR[0] – Channel A Transmitter Ready
This bit is a duplicate of TxRDYA (SRA[2]).
IMR – Interrupt Mask Register
The programming of this register selects which bits in the ISR
causes an interrupt output. If a bit in the ISR is a ‘1’ and the
corresponding bit in the IMR is also a ‘1’ the INTRN output will be
asserted. If the corresponding bit in the IMR is a zero, the state of
the bit in the ISR has no effect on the INTRN output. Note that the
IMR does not mask the programmable interrupt outputs OP3–OP7
or the reading of the ISR.
ISR[7] – Input Port Change Status
This bit is a ‘1’ when a change-of-state has occurred at the IP0, IP1,
IP2, or IP3 inputs and that event has been selected to cause an
interrupt by the programming of ACR[3:0]. The bit is cleared when
the CPU reads the IPCR.
ISR[6] – Channel B Change In Break
This bit, when set, indicates that the Channel B receiver has
detected the beginning or the end of a received break. It is reset
when the CPU issues a Channel B ‘reset break change interrupt’
command.
CTUR and CTLR – Counter/Timer Registers
The CTUR and CTLR hold the eight MSBs and eight LSBs,
respectively, of the value to be used by the counter/timer in either
the counter or timer modes of operation. The minimum value which
may be loaded into the CTUR/CTLR registers is 0x0002. Note that
these registers are write-only and cannot be read by the CPU.
ISR[5] – Channel B Receiver Ready or FIFO Full
The function of this bit is programmed by MR1B[6]. If programmed
as receiver ready, it indicates that a character has been received in
Channel B and is waiting in the FIFO to be read by the CPU. It is set
when the character is transferred from the receive shift register to
the FIFO and reset when the CPU reads the RHR. If after this read
there are more characters still in the FIFO the bit will be set again
after the FIFO is ‘popped’. If programmed as FIFO full, it is set when
a character is transferred from the receive holding register to the
receive FIFO and the transfer caused the Channel B FIFO to
become full; i.e., all three FIFO positions are occupied. It is reset
when the CPU reads the RHR. If a character is waiting in the
receive shift register because the FIFO is full, the bit will be set
again when the waiting character is loaded into the FIFO.
In the timer (programmable divider) mode, the CT generates a
square wave with a period of twice the value (in clock periods) of the
CTUR and CTLR.
If the value in CTUR and CTLR is changed, the current half-period
will not be affected, but subsequent half periods will be. In this mode
the C/T runs continuously. Receipt of a start counter command (read
with A3-A0 = 1110) causes the counter to terminate the current
timing cycle and to begin a new cycle using the values in CTUR and
CTLR. The waveform so generated is often used for a data clock.
The formula for calculating the divisor n to load to the CTUR and
CTLR for a particular 1× data clock is shown below:
n +
ISR[4] – Channel B Transmitter Ready
This bit is a duplicate of TxRDYB (SRB[2]).
16
counter clock frequency
2
baud rate desired
Often this division will result in a non-integer number; 26.3, for
example. One can only program integer numbers in a digital divider.
Therefore, 26 would be chosen. This gives a baud rate error of
0.3/26.3 which is 1.14%; well within the ability asynchronous mode
of operation.
ISR[3] – Counter Ready
In the counter mode, this bit is set when the counter reaches
terminal count and is reset when the counter is stopped by a stop
counter command.
In the timer mode, this bit is set once each cycle of the generated
square wave (every other time that the counter/timer reaches zero
count). The bit is reset by a stop counter command. The command,
however, does not stop the counter/timer.
One should be cautious about the assumed benign effects of small
errors since the other receiver or transmitter with which one is
communicating may also have a small error in the precise baud rate.
In a ‘clean’ communications environment using one start bit, eight
data bits and one stop bit the total difference allowed between the
transmitter and receiver frequency is approximately 4.6%. Less than
eight data bits will increase this percentage.
ISR[2] – Channel A Change in Break
This bit, when set, indicates that the Channel A receiver has
detected the beginning or the end of a received break. It is reset
when the CPU issues a Channel A ‘reset break change interrupt’
command.
The counter ready status bit (ISR[3]) is set once each cycle of the
square wave. The bit is reset by a stop counter command (read with
A3-A0 = 1111). The command however, does not stop the C/T. The
generated square wave is output on OP3 if it is programmed to be
the C/T output.
ISR[1] – Channel A Receiver Ready Or FIFO Full
The function of this bit is programmed by MR1A[6]. If programmed
as receiver ready, it indicates that a character has been received in
Channel A and is waiting in the FIFO to be read by the CPU. It is set
when the character is transferred from the receive shift register to
the FIFO and reset when the CPU read the RHR. IF after this read
there are more characters still in the FIFO the bit will be set again
after the FIFO is ‘popped’. If programmed as FIFO full, it is set when
a character is transferred from the receive holding register to the
receive FIFO and the transfer caused the Channel A FIFO to
2004 Apr 06
SCC2681
On power up and after reset the timer/counter comes up stopped
and in the timer mode. It will require a start counter command (a
read at address 0xE) to start it. Because it cannot be shut off or
stopped once started, and runs continuously in timer mode, it is
recommended that at initialization, the output port (OP3) should be
19
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
masked off through the OPCR[3:2] = 00 until the T/C is programmed
to the desired operational state.
SCC2681
The CTS, RTS, CTS Enable Tx signals
CTS (Clear To Send) is usually meant to be a signal to the
transmitter meaning that it may transmit data to the receiver. The
CTS input is on pin IP0 for TxA and on IP1 for TxB. The CTS signal
is active LOW; thus, it is called CTSAN for TxA and CTSBN for TxB.
In the counter mode, the C/T counts down the number of pulses
loaded into CTUR and CTLR by the CPU. Counting begins upon
receipt of a counter command. Upon reaching terminal count
(0x0000), the counter ready interrupt bit (ISR[3]) is set. The counter
continues counting past the terminal count until stopped by the CPU.
If OP3 is programmed to be the output of the C/T, the output
remains HIGH until terminal count is reached, at which time it goes
LOW. The output returns to the HIGH state and ISR[3] is cleared
when the counter is stopped by a stop counter command. The CPU
may change the values of CTUR and CTLR at any time, but the new
count becomes effective only on the next start counter command. If
new values have not been loaded, the previous count values are
preserved and used for the next count cycle.
RTS is usually meant to be a signal from the receiver indicating that
the receiver is ready to receive data. It is also active LOW and is,
thus, called RTSAN for RxA and RTSBN for RxB. RTSAN is on pin
op0 and RTSBN is on OP1. A receiver’s RTS output will usually be
connected to the CTS input of the associated transmitter. Therefore,
one could say that RTS and CTS are different ends of the same
wire!
MR2(4) is the bit that allows the transmitter to be controlled by the
CTS pin (IP0 or IP1). When this bit is set to one AND the CTS input
is driven HIGH, the transmitter will stop sending data at the end of
the present character being serialized. It is usually the RTS output of
the receiver that will be connected to the transmitter’s CTS input.
The receiver will set RTS HIGH when the receiver FIFO is full AND
the start bit of the fourth character is sensed. Transmission then
stops with four valid characters in the receiver. When MR2(4) is set
to one, CTSN must be at zero for the transmitter to operate. If
MR2(4) is set to zero, the IP pin will have no effect on the operation
of the transmitter.
In the counter mode, the current value of the upper and lower 8 bits
of the counter (CTU, CTL) may be read by the CPU.
It is recommended that the counter be stopped when reading to
prevent potential problems which may occur if a carry from the lower
8 bits to the upper 8 bits occurs between the times that both halves
of the counter are read. However, note that a subsequent start
counter command will cause the counter to begin a new count cycle
using the values in CTUR and CTLR.
MR1(7) is the bit that allows the receiver to control OP0. When OP0
(or OP1) is controlled by the receiver, the meaning of that pin will be
RTS. However, a point of confusion arises in that OP0 (or OP1) may
also be controlled by the transmitter. When the transmitter is
controlling this pin, its meaning is not RTS at all. It is, rather, that the
transmitter has finished sending its last data byte. Programming the
OP0 or OP1 pin to be controlled by the receiver and the transmitter
at the same time is allowed, but would usually be incompatible.
Output Port Notes
The output ports are controlled from three places: the OPCR
register, the OPR register, and the MR registers. The default source
of data for the OP[7:0] pins is the OPR register. When the OPR is
the source for the OP pins, the pins will drive the complement
(inverse) of data in the OPR register.
The OPCR register, the MR register, and the Command register
control the data source for the OP pins. It is this ‘multi-source’
feature of the OP pins that allows them to give the 485 turn-around
RTS, DMA, interrupt and various other internal clock signals.
RTS is expressed at the OP0 or OP1 pin which is still an output port.
Therefore, the state of OP0 or OP1 should be set LOW for the
receiver to generate the proper RTS signal. The logic at the output is
basically a NAND of the OPR register and the RTS signal as
generated by the receiver. When the RTS flow control is selected via
the MR(7) bit state of the OPR register is not changed. Terminating
the use of “Flow Control” (via the MR registers) will return the OP0
or OP1 pins to the control of the OPR register.
The OPCR controls the source of the data for the output ports OP2
through OP7. The data source for output ports OP0 and OP1 is
controlled by the MR and CR registers. When the OPR is the source
of the data for the output ports, the data at the ports is inverted from
that in the OPR register.
The content of the OPR register is controlled by the Set and Reset
Output Port Bits ‘Commands’. These commands are actually the
addresses at 0xE and 0xF, respectively. When these commands are
used, action takes place only at the bit locations where ones exist
on the data bus. For example, a one in bit location 5 of the data
word used with the ‘Set Output Port Bits’ command will result in
OPR[5] being set to one. The OP[5] pin would then drive a logical
zero (VSS). Similarly, a one in bit position 5 of the data word
associated with the ‘Reset Output Ports Bits’ command would set
OPR[5] to zero, and hence, the pin OP[5] will drive to a one (VDD).
Transmitter Disable Note
The sequence of instructions enable transmitter — load transmit
holding register — disable transmitter will result in nothing being
sent if the time between the end of loading the transmit holding
register and the disable command is less that 3/16 bit time in the
16x mode or one bit time in the 1x mode. Also, if the transmitter,
while in the enabled state and underrun condition, is immediately
disabled after a single character is loaded to the transmit holding
register, that character will not be sent.
In general, when it is desired to disable the transmitter before the
last character is sent AND the TxEMT bit is set in the status register
(TxEMT is always set if the transmitter has underrun or has just
been enabled), be sure the TxRDY bit is active immediately before
issuing the transmitter disable instruction. TxRDY sets at the end of
the “start bit” time. It is during the start bit that the data in the
transmit holding register is transferred to the transmit shift register.
The use of two register locations to control the OPR relieves the
software from the burden of keeping a copy of the OPR settings and
thus facilitates a bit type manipulation of the individual bits. This is
the same reasoning used in the lower four bits of the command
register where the Rx and Tx enabling is controlled.
Non-standard baud rates are available as shown in Table 5 below,
via the BRG Test function.
2004 Apr 06
20
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
Table 5. Baud Rates Extended
Normal BRG
BRG Extended Rates
CSR[7:4]
ACR[7] = 0
ACR[7] = 1
ACR[7] = 0
ACR[7] = 1
0000
50
75
4,800
7,200
0001
110
110
880
880
0010
134.5
134.5
1,076
1,076
0011
200
150
19.2 k
14.4 k
0100
300
300
28.8 k
28.8 k
0101
600
600
57.6 k
57.6 k
0110
1,200
1,200
115.2 k
115.2 k
0111
1,050
2,000
1,050
2,000
1000
2,400
2,400
57.6 k
57.6 k
1001
4,800
4,800
4,800
4,800
1010
7,200
1,800
57.6 k
14.4 k
1011
9,600
9,600
9,600
9,600
1100
38.4 k
19.2 k
38.4 k
19.2 k
1101
Timer
Timer
Timer
Timer
1110
I/O2 – 16×
I/O2 – 16×
I/O2 – 16×
I/O2 – 16×
1111
I/O2 – 1×
I/O2 – 1×
I/O2 – 1×
I/O2 – 1×
NOTE: Each read on address H‘2’ will toggle the baud rate test mode. When in the BRG test mode, the baud rates change as shown to the left.
This change affects all receivers and transmitters on the DUART. See “Extended baud rates for SCN2681, SCN68681, SCC2691, SCC2692,
SCC68692 and SCC2698B” in application notes elsewhere in this publication.
The test mode at address H‘A’ changes all transmitters and receivers to the 1× mode and connects the output ports to some internal nodes.
Receiver Reset in the Normal Mode (Receiver Enabled)
Reset can be accomplished easily by issuing a receiver software or hardware reset followed by a receiver enable. All receiver data,
status and programming will be preserved and available before reset. The reset will NOT affect the programming.
Receiver Reset in the Wake-Up Mode (MR1[4:3] = 11)
Reset can also be accomplished easily by first exiting the wake-up mode (MR1[4:3] = 00 or 01 or 10), then issuing a receiver software or
hardware reset followed by a wake-up re-entry (MR1[4:3] = 11). All receiver data, status and programming will be preserved and
available before reset. The reset will NOT affect other programming.
The reason for this is the receiver is partially enabled when the parity bits are at ‘11’. Thus the receiver disable and reset is bypassed by
the partial enabling of the receiver.
SD00097
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21
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
TIMING DIAGRAMS
RESET
tRES
SD00086
Figure 3. Reset Timing
A0–A3
tAS
tAH
CEN
tCS
tCH
tRW
tRWD
RDN
tDD
D0–D7
(READ)
tDF
NOT
VALID
FLOAT
VALID
FLOAT
tRWD
WDN
tDS
tDH
D0–D7
(WRITE)
VALID
SD00087
Figure 4. Bus Timing
RDN
tPS
tPH
IP0–IP6
WRN
tPD
VOH
OP0–OP7
OLD DATA
VM
NEW DATA
VOL
VM = 1.5V
SD00089
Figure 5. Port Timing
2004 Apr 06
22
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
TIMING DIAGRAMS (Continued)
RDN
OR
WRN
VM
tIR
VOL
INTERRUPT 1
OUTPUT
+0.5V
VOL
NOTES:
1. INTRN or OP3 – OP7 when used as interrupt outputs.
2. The test for open-drain outputs is intended to guarantee switching of the output transistor. Measurement of this response is referenced from themidpoint of the switching signal, VM, to a
point 0.5V above VOL. This point represents noise margin that assures true switching has occurred. Beyond this level, the effects of external circuitry and test environment are pronounced
and can greatly affect the resultant measurement.
SD00090
Figure 6. Interrupt Timing
+5 V
tCLK
tCTC
tRx
tTx
R1
1 kΩ
X1/CLK
CTCLK
RxC
TxC
X1
U1
RESISTOR REQUIRED
WHEN U1 IS A TTL DEVICE
tCLK
tCTC
tRx
tTx
X2
NC
SCC2681
C1 = C2 = 24 pF FOR CL = 20 pF
X1
3 pF
50 TO
150 kΩ
X2
3.6864 MHz
TO INTERNAL CLOCK DRIVERS
4 pF
NOTE:
C1 AND C2 SHOULD BE BASED ON MANUFACTURER’S SPECIFICATION. PARASITIC CAPACITANCE SHOULD
BE INCLUDED WITH C1 AND C2. R1 IS ONLY REQUIRED IF U1 WILL NOT DRIVE TO X1 INPUT LEVELS
TYPICAL CRYSTAL SPECIFICATION
FREQUENCY:
2 – 4 MHz
12 – 32 pF
LOAD CAPACITANCE (CL):
TYPE OF OPERATION:
PARALLEL RESONANT, FUNDAMENTAL MODE
SD00724
Figure 7. Clock Timing
2004 Apr 06
23
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
1 BIT TIME
(1 OR 16 CLOCKS)
TxC
(INPUT)
tTXD
TxD
tTCS
TxC
(1X OUTPUT)
SD00092
Figure 8. Transmit
TIMING DIAGRAMS (Continued)
RxC
(1X INPUT)
tRXS
tRXH
RxD
SD00093
Figure 9. Receiver Timing
TxD
D1
D2
D3
BREAK
D4
D6
TRANSMITTER
ENABLED
TxRDY
(SR2)
WRN
D1
D2
D3
START
BREAK
D4
CTSN1
(IP0)
STOP
BREAK
D5 WILL
NOT BE
TRANSMITTED
D6
RTSN2
(OP0)
OPR(0) = 1
OPR(0) = 1
NOTES:
1. Timing shown for MR2(4) = 1.
2. Timing shown for MR2(5) = 1.
SD00094
Figure 10. Transmitter Timing
2004 Apr 06
24
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
TIMING DIAGRAMS (Continued)
D1
RxD
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D6, D7, D8 WILL BE LOST
RECEIVER
ENABLED
RxRDY
(SR0)
FFULL
(SR1)
RxRDY/
FFULL
(OP5)2
RDN
STATUS DATA
STATUS DATA STATUS DATA STATUS DATA
D5 WILL
BE LOST
D1
OVERRUN
(SR4)
D2
D3
D4
RESET BY COMMAND
RTS1
(OP0)
OPR(0) = 1
NOTES:
1. Timing shown for MR1(7) = 1.
2. Shown for OPCR(4) = 1 and MR(6) = 0.
SD00095
Figure 11. Receiver Timing
MASTER STATION
BIT 9
ADD#1 1
TxD
BIT 9
BIT 9
D0
ADD#2 1
0
TRANSMITTER
ENABLED
TxRDY
(SR2)
WRN
MR1(4–3) = 11
MR1(2) = 1
ADD#1 MR1(2) = 0 D0
PERIPHERAL STATION
BIT 9
0
RxD
MR1(2) = 1 ADD#2
BIT 9
ADD#1 1
BIT 9
BIT 9
D0
BIT 9
ADD#2 1
0
0
RECEIVER
ENABLED
RxRDY
(SR0)
RDN/WRN
MR1(4–3) = 11
ADD#1
STATUS DATA
STATUS DATA
D0
ADD#2
SD00096
Figure 12. Wake-Up Mode
2004 Apr 06
25
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
DIP28: plastic dual in-line package; 28 leads (600 mil)
2004 Apr 06
26
SCC2681
SOT117-1
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
DIP40: plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads (600 mil)
2004 Apr 06
27
SCC2681
SOT129-1
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
PLCC44: plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads
2004 Apr 06
SCC2681
SOT187-2
28
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCC2681
REVISION HISTORY
Rev
Date
Description
_1
20040406
Product data (9397 750 12075). ECN 853-2445 01-A15014 of 15 December 2003.
Data sheet status
Level
Data sheet status [1]
Product
status [2] [3]
Definitions
I
Objective data
Development
This data sheet contains data from the objective specification for product development.
Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification in any manner without notice.
II
Preliminary data
Qualification
This data sheet contains data from the preliminary specification. Supplementary data will be published
at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification without notice, in
order to improve the design and supply the best possible product.
III
Product data
Production
This data sheet contains data from the product specification. Philips Semiconductors reserves the
right to make changes at any time in order to improve the design, manufacturing and supply. Relevant
changes will be communicated via a Customer Product/Process Change Notification (CPCN).
[1] Please consult the most recently issued data sheet before initiating or completing a design.
[2] The product status of the device(s) described in this data sheet may have changed since this data sheet was published. The latest information is available on the Internet at URL
http://www.semiconductors.philips.com.
[3] For data sheets describing multiple type numbers, the highest-level product status determines the data sheet status.
Definitions
Short-form specification — The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For detailed information see
the relevant data sheet or data handbook.
Limiting values definition — Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Stress above one or more of the limiting
values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given
in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Application information — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors make no
representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification.
Disclaimers
Life support — These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be
expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree
to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application.
Right to make changes — Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes in the products—including circuits, standard cells, and/or software—described
or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. When the product is in full production (status ‘Production’), relevant changes will be communicated
via a Customer Product/Process Change Notification (CPCN). Philips Semiconductors assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys
no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent,
copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise specified.
 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2004
All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
Contact information
For additional information please visit
http://www.semiconductors.philips.com.
Fax: +31 40 27 24825
Date of release: 04-04
For sales offices addresses send e-mail to:
[email protected].
Document order number:
2004 Apr 06
29
9397 750 12075