45A/81A

Technical
Specification
PQ60018ETL45
48Vin
1.8Vout
45A
2250Vdc
Eighth-brick
Input
Output
Current
Isolation
DC/DC Converter
The PQ60018ETL45 PowerQor® Tera eighth-brick converter
is a next-generation, board-mountable, isolated, fixed
switching frequency DC/DC converter that uses synchronous
rectification to achieve extremely high conversion efficiency.
The power dissipated by the converter is so low that
a heatsink is not required, which saves cost, weight,
height, and application effort. All of the power and
control components are mounted to the multi-layer PCB
substrate with high-yield surface mount technology. Since
the PowerQor converter has no explicit thermal interfaces,
it is extremely reliable. RoHS Compliant (see page 14).
PQ60018ETL45 Module
Operational Features
•High efficiency, 87% at full rated load current
•Delivers up to 45A of output current with minimal derating
- no heatsink required
•Wide input voltage range: 35-75V, with100V 100ms
input voltage transient capability
•Fixed frequency switching provides predictable EMI
performance
•No minimum load requirement - no preload resistors required
Mechanical Features
•Industry standard eighth-brick pin-out configuration
•Open frame size: 0.90” x 2.3” (22.9x58.4mm)
•Total height only 0.320” (8.13mm) L-option, permits better
airflow and smaller card pitch
•Open frame total weight: 0.85oz (24g)
•Open frame units have flanged pins designed to
permit surface mount soldering (avoid wave solder)
using FPiP technique
Protection Features
•Input under-voltage lockout disables converter at low input
voltage conditions
•Output current limit and short circuit protection protects
converter and load from permanent damage and
consequent hazardous conditions
•Active back bias limit prevents damage to converter from
external load induced pre-bias
•Output over-voltage protection protects load from
damaging voltages
•Thermal shutdown protects converter from abnormal
environmental conditions
Safety Features
•2250 V, 30 MΩ input-to-output isolation
•Certified to 60950-1 requirements for basic insulation
(see Standards and Qualifications page)
•RoHS compliant (see Page 14)
Control Features
Contents
•On/Off control referenced to input side (positive and
negative logic options are available)
•Remote sense for the output voltage compensates for
output distribution drops
•Output voltage trim permits custom voltages and
voltage margining
Product # PQ60018ETL45
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Page No.
Mechanical Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
PQ60018ETL45 Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
PQ60-ET Family Standards and Qualifications (all output voltages) . . . . . 5
PQ60018ETL45 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
Application Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-13
Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 1
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
1.8 V
45 A
Eighth-brick
Mechanical Drawing - Open Frame A option
.900±.022 [22,86± 0,55]
.600 [15,24 ]
.450 [ 11,43 ]
.300 [ 7,62]
.150 [ 3,81 ]
.145 [ 3,68 ]
SEE NOTE 3
8 7 6 5 4
2.30
[ 58,4 ]
TOP VIEW
2.00
[ 50,8 ]
SIDE VIEW
.14
[ 3,6 ]
1
2
3
.300 [ 7,62]
.600 [ 15,24 ]
.397[ 10,08 ]
OVERALL HEIGHT
.093 [ 2,36 ]
BOTTOMSIDE CLEARANCE
.15 [ 3,8 ]
NOTES
PIN DESIGNATIONS
1) PINS 1-3, 5-7 ARE 0.040" (1.02mm) DIA. WITH 0.080"
(2.03mm) DIA. STANDOFF SHOULDERS
Pin
Name
Function
1
Vin(+)
Positive input voltage
2
ON/OFF
3
Vin(–)
4
Vout(–)
5
SENSE(–)
6
TRIM
7
SENSE(+)
8
Vout(+)
2) PINS 4, 8 ARE 0.062" (1.57mm) DIA. WITH 0.100"
(2.54mm) DIA. STANDOFF SHOULDERS
3) OTHER PIN EXTENSION LENGTHS AVAILABLE
4) ALL PINS: MATERIAL: COPPER ALLOY
FINISH: TIN-LEAD OVER NICKEL PLATE
5) UNDIMENSIONED COMPONENTS ARE SHOWN FOR VISUAL
REFERENCE ONLY
6) ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES(mm)
TOLERANCES:
X.XXIN +/-0.02 (X.Xmm +/-0.5mm)
X.XXXIN +/-0.010 (X.XXmm +/-0.25mm)
TTL input to turn converter on and off,
referenced to Vin(–), with internal pull up.
Negative input voltage
Negative output voltage
Negative remote sense(see note 1)
Output voltage trim (see note 2)
Positive remote sense (see note 3)
Positive output voltage
Notes:
Product # PQ60018ETL45
Phone 1-888-567-9596
1)
SENSE(–) should be connected to Vout(–) either remotely or
at the converter.
2)
Leave TRIM pin open for nominal output voltage.
3)
SENSE(+) should be connected to Vout(+) either remotely or
at the converter.
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 2
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
1.8 V
45 A
Eighth-brick
Mechanical Drawing - Open Frame L option
2.30
0.450
(58.4)
(11.43)
2.00
(50.8)
0.300
0.14
(7.62)
(3.6)
0.15
0.150
Top View
(3.8)
(3.81)
1
8
7
2
6
3
5
4
0.600
(15.24)
0.900 +0.022
0.300
(22.86 +0.55)
(7.62)
0.600
0.320 +0.015
(15.24)
(8.13 +0.38)
Overall Height
0.145
(3.68)
See Note 3
Side View
0.016 +0.015
(0.41 +0.38)
Bottom Side Clearance
Lowest
Component
Flanged Pin
See Note 10
Load Board
PIN DESIGNATIONS
NOTES
Pin
Name
Function
1
Vin(+)
Positive input voltage
2
ON/OFF
TTL input to turn converter on
and off, referenced to Vin(–), with
internal pull up.
3
4
Vin(–)
Vout(–)
Negative input voltage
Negative output voltage
5
SENSE(–)
Negative remote sense(see note 1)
Output voltage trim (see note 2)
Positive remote sense (see note 3)
Positive output voltage
8) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class II
6
TRIM
7 SENSE(+)
8
Vout(+)
Notes:
9)
1)
1) Pins 1-3, 5-7 are 0.040” (1.02mm) diameter. with 0.080” (2.03mm)
diameter standoff shoulders.
2) Pins 4 and 8 are 0.062” (1.57 mm) diameter with 0.100” (2.54 mm)
diameter standoff shoulders.
3) Other pin extension lengths available. Recommended pin length is
0.03” (0.76mm) greater than the PCB thickness.
4) All Pins: Material - Copper Alloy
Finish - Matte Tin over Nickel plate
5) Undimensioned components are shown for visual reference only
6) All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in.
(x.x +/-0.5mm) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm)
7) Weight: 0.85 oz (24 g) typical
UL/TUV standards require a clearance greater than 0.04” (1.02mm)
between input and output for Basic insulation. This issue should be
considered if any copper traces are on the top side of the user’s
board. Note that the ferrite core shown at left above is considered
part of the input/primary circuit and that the two ferrite cores shown
at the right above are considered part of the output/secondary circuit.
SENSE(–) should be connected to Vout(–) either remotely or at
the converter.
2)
Leave TRIM pin open for nominal output voltage.
3)
SENSE(+) should be connected to Vout(+) either remotely or at
the converter.
10) The flanged pins are designed to permit surface mount soldering
(allowing to avoid the wave soldering process) through the use of the
flanged pin-in-paste technique.
Product # PQ60018ETL45
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 3
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
1.8 V
45 A
Eighth-brick
PQ60018ETL45 Electrical Characteristics
TA=25°C, airflow rate=300 LFM, Vin=48Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40°C to +100°C ambient
temperature with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Parameter ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage
Non-Operating
Operating
Operating Transient Protection
Isolation Voltage (input to output)
Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
Voltage at ON/OFF input pin
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Operating Input Voltage Range
Input Under-Voltage Lockout
Turn-On Voltage Threshold
Turn-Off Voltage Threshold
Lockout Voltage Hysteresis
Maximum Input Current
No-Load Input Current
Disabled Input Current
Inrush Current Transient Rating
Response to Input Transient
Input Reflected Ripple Current
Input Terminal Ripple Current
Recommended Input Fuse
Input Filter Component Values (L\C)
Recommended External Input Capacitance
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Set Point
Output Voltage Regulation
Over Line
Over Load
Over Temperature
Total Output Voltage Range
Output Voltage Ripple and Noise1
Peak-to-Peak
RMS
Operating Output Current Range
Output DC Current-Limit Inception
Output DC Current-Limit Shutdown Voltage
Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled
Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled
Maximum Output Capacitance Electrolytic
Maximum Output Capacitance Ceramic
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Min.
Typ.
Max.
35
-40
-55
-2
100
75
100
2250
100
125
18
V
V
V
V
°C
°C
V
35
48
75
V
31.5
29.6
1.9
0
32.6
30.6
2.0
46
6
60
2
30
47
33.7
32.5
2.1
2.6
75
10
0.1
20
1.0 \ 3.3
V
V
V
A
mA
mA
A 2s
mV
mA
mA
A
µH\µF
µF
1.785
1.800
1.817
V
1.774
0
48
+0.1 \ 1.8
+0.2 \ 3.6
+5
1.800
35
15
52
1.0
4.6
10
1.828
45
64
6.5
50
43
5
%\mV
%\mV
mV
V
mV
mV
A
A
V
A
mA
mF
mF
67
dB
120 Hz; Figure 20
120
200
1000
mV
mV
µs
50% to 75% to 50% Iout max; Figure 11
50% to 75% to 50% Iout max; Figure 12
To within 1% Vout nom
13
200
0
20
230
ms
ms
%
Full load, Vout=90% nom.; Figures 9 & 10
-40°C to +125°C; Figure F
No load capacitance, Iout = 0A
Input Voltage Ripple Rejection
Output Voltage during Load Current Transient
For a Step Change in Output Current (0.1A/µs)
For a Step Change in Output Current (1A/µs)
Settling Time
Turn-On Transient
Turn-On Time
10
Restart Inhibit Time
180
Output Voltage Overshoot
EFFICIENCY
Units Notes & Conditions
Continuous
Continuous
100ms transient, square wave
Basic insulation, Pollution Degree 2
100% Load, 35 Vin, nominal Vout
1000V/ms input transient
RMS thru 10µH inductor; Figures 13 & 15
RMS; Figures 13 & 14
Fast blow external fuse recommended
Internal values; see Figure E
Typical ESR 0.1-0.2W; see Figure 13
Over sample, line, load, temperature & life
20MHz bandwidth; Figures 13 & 16
Full Load; see Figures 13 & 16
Full Load; see Figures 13 & 16
Subject to thermal derating; Figures 5 - 8
Output Voltage 10% Low
Negative current drawn from output
Negative current drawn from output
1.8Vout at 45A Resistive Load
1.8Vout at 45A Resistive Load
100% Load
50% Load
87
89
%
%
Figures 1 - 4
Figures 1 - 4
Semiconductor Junction Temperature
Board Temperature
Transformer Temperature
125
125
125
°C
°C
°C
Package rated to 150°C
UL rated max operating temp 130°C
See Figures 5 - 8 for derating curves
Isolation Voltage (dielectric strength)
Isolation Resistance
Isolation Capacitance2
2250
30
3300
V
MW
pF
TEMPERATURE LIMITS FOR POWER DERATING CURVES
ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS
Note 1: Output voltage ripple can exceed maximum specification during startup when output voltage is less than 0.7V. Additional output capacitance will mitigate this
startup ripple behavior. For applications requiring reduced output voltage ripple and noise, consult SynQor applications support (e-mail: [email protected])
Note 2: Higher values of isolation capacitance can be added external to the module.
Product # PQ60018ETL45
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 4
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
1.8 V
45 A
Eighth-brick
PQ60018ETL45 Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
Parameter P
FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS
Switching Frequency
ON/OFF Control (Option P)
Off-State Voltage On-State Voltage
ON/OFF Control (Option N)
Off-State Voltage
On-State Voltage
ON/OFF Control (Either Option)
Pull-Up Voltage
Pull-Up Resistance
Output Voltage Trim Range
Output Voltage Remote Sense Range
Output Over-Voltage Protection
Over-Temperature Shutdown
Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis
RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS
Calculated MTBF (Telcordia)
Calculated MTBF (MIL-217)
Field Demonstrated MTBF
Min.
Typ.
Max.
300
333
360
kHz
-2
2.4
0.8
18
V
V
2.4
-2
-20
117
5
10
133
120
10
18
0.8
6
+10
+10
142
V
V
V
kW
%
%
%
°C
°C
2.42
2.27
Units Notes & Conditions
Figures A & B
Measured across Pins 8 & 4; Figure C
Measured across Pins 8 & 4
Over full temp range; % of nominal Vout
Average PCB Temperature
106 Hrs. TR-NWT-000332; 80% load,300LFM, 40oC Ta
106 Hrs. MIL-HDBK-217F; 80% load, 300LFM, 40oC Ta
106 Hrs. See our website for latest values
PQ60-ET Family Standards and Qualifications (all output voltages)
Parameter
Notes & Conditions
STANDARDS COMPLIANCE
UL/cUL 60950-1
File # E194341, Basic insulation
EN60950-1
Certified by TUV
Needle Flame Test (IEC 695-2-2)
Test on entire assembly; board & plastic components UL94V-0 compliant
IEC 61000-4-2
ESD test, 8 kV - NP, 15 kV air - NP (Normal Performance)
Note: An external input fuse must always be used to meet these safety requirements. Contact SynQor for official safety certificates on new
releases or download from the SynQor website.
Parameter
# Units
Test Conditions
QUALIFICATION TESTING
Life Test
32
95% rated Vin and load, units at derating point, 1000 hours
Vibration
5
10-55 Hz sweep, 0.060" total excursion, 1 min./sweep, 120 sweeps for 3 axis
Mechanical Shock
5
100g minimum, 2 drops in x and y axis, 1 drop in z axis
Temperature Cycling
10
-40 °C to 100 °C, unit temp. ramp 15 °C/min., 500 cycles
Power/Thermal Cycling
5
Toperating = min to max, Vin = min to max, full load, 100 cycles
Design Marginality
5
Tmin-10 °C to Tmax+10 °C, 5 °C steps, Vin = min to max, 0-105% load
Humidity
5
85 °C, 85% RH, 1000 hours, continuous Vin applied except 5 min/day
Product # PQ60018ETL45
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 5
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
100
94
95
93
90
92
85
91
Efficiency (%)
Efficiency (%)
Technical Specification
80
75
70
90
89
88
35 Vin
48 Vin
75 Vin
65
25º C
40º C
55º C
87
60
86
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
100
200
Load Current (A)
300
400
Air Flow (LFM)
Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for
minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C.
Figure 2: Efficiency at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power
vs. airflow rate for ambient air temperatures of 25°C, 40°C, and 55°C
(nominal input voltage).
14
8
12
7
10
Power Dissipation (W)
Power Dissipation (W)
35-75 V
1.8 V
45 A
Eighth-brick
8
6
4
35 Vin
48 Vin
2
6
5
4
3
25º C
40º C
2
55º C
75 Vin
0
1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
100
Load Current (A)
200
300
400
Air Flow (LFM)
Figure 3: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current
for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C.
Figure 4: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage and 60% rated
power vs. airflow rate for ambient air temperatures of 25°C, 40°C, and
55°C (nominal input voltage).
50
Iout (A)
40
30
20
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
10
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
0
25
40
55
70
85
Ambient Air Temperature (ºC)
Figure 5: Maximum output power-derating curves vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 100 LFM through 400 LFM with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1(nominal input voltage).
Product # PQ60018ETL45
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Figure 6: Thermal plot of an open frame converter at 36.5 amp load
current (65.6W) with 70°C air flowing at the rate of 200 LFM. Air is
flowing across the converter from 3 to pin 1 (nominal input voltage).
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 6
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
1.8 V
45 A
Eighth-brick
50
Iout (A)
40
30
20
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
10
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
0
25
40
55
70
85
Ambient Air Temperature (ºC)
Figure 7: Maximum output power derating curves vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 100 LFM through 400 LFM with air flowing
across the converter from pin input to output (nominal input voltage).
Figure 8: Thermal plot of an open frame converter at 35.6 amp load current (64.0W) with 70°C air flowing at the rate of 200 LFM. Air is flowing
across the converter from input to output (nominal input voltage).
Figure 9: Turn-on transient at full load (resistive load) (5 ms/div). Load
cap: 10 uF, 100 mW ESR tantalum capacitor and 1 uF ceramic capacitor.
Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: Vout (500 mV/div), Ch 2: ON/OFF input
(5 V/div).
Figure 10: Turn-on transient at zero load (5 ms/div). Load cap: 10 uF,
100 mW ESR tantalum capacitor and 1 uF ceramic capacitor. Ch 1:
Vout (500 mV/div), Ch 2: ON/OFF input (5 V/div).
Figure 11: Output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-
Figure 12: Output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-
75%-50% of Iout(max); dI/dt = 0.1A/µs). Load cap: 10µF, 100 mW ESR tantalum cap and 1µF ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout (100mV/div), Ch 2: Iout (20A/div).
75%-50% of Iout(max): dI/dt = 1A/µs). Load cap: 470µF, 30 mW ESR tantalum cap and 1µF ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout (200mV/div), Ch 2: Iout (20A/div).
Product # PQ60018ETL45
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 7
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
1.8 V
45 A
Eighth-brick
See Fig. 15
10 µH
source
impedance
See Fig. 14
See Fig. 16
iS
VSOURCE
iC
47 µF,
<1W ESR
electrolytic
capacitor
DC/DC
Converter
VOUT
1 µF
15 µF,
ceramic 100mW ESR
capacitor
tantalum
capacitor
Figure 13: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for Input
Terminal Ripple Current (Figure 14), Input Reflected Ripple Current
(Figure 15) and Output Voltage Ripple (Figure 16).
Figure 14: Input Terminal Ripple Current, ic, at full rated output current and nominal input voltage with 10µH source impedance and 47µF
electrolytic capacitor (50 mA/div). See Figure 13.
Figure 15: Input reflected ripple current, is, through a 10 µH source
inductor, using a 47µF electrolytic input capacitor (5mA/div). See
Figure 13.
Figure 16: Output voltage ripple at nominal input voltage and rated
load current (20 mV/div). Load capacitance: 1µF ceramic capacitor
and 15µF tantalum capacitor. Bandwidth: 20 MHz. See Figure 13.
12
11
10
Vout Trim-up (%)
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
100% Load
50% Load
1
0% Load
0
40.0
39.5
39.0
38.5
38.0
37.5
37.0
36.6
36.0
35.5
35.0
Input Voltage (V)
Figure 17: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage (48V
to 75V), at 45A load current. Load cap: 10µF tantalum capacitor and 1uF
ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout (100mV/div), Ch 2: Vin (20V/div).
Product # PQ60018ETL45
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Figure 18: Achievable trim-up percentage vs. input voltage at 0%, 50%
and full load. Vin=35-40V.
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 8
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
1.8 V
45 A
Eighth-brick
0
1
0.1
0.01
35 Vin
0.001
-20
Forward Transmission (dB)
Output Impedance (ohms)
-10
48 Vin
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
35 Vin
-80
48 Vin
75 Vin
-90
0.0001
75 Vin
-100
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
10
100
Hz
1,000
10,000
100,000
Hz
Figure 19: Magnitude of incremental output impedance (Zout = vout/iout)
for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power.
Figure 20: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission (FT = vout/vin)
for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power.
5
100
Input Impedance (ohms)
Reverse Transmission (dB)
-5
-15
-25
-35
35 Vin
-45
10
1
35 Vin
48 Vin
48 Vin
75 Vin
75 Vin
0.1
-55
10
100
1,000
10,000
10
100,000
Hz
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
Hz
Figure 21: Magnitude of incremental reverse transmission (RT = iin/iout)
for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power.
Figure 22: Magnitude of incremental input impedance (Zin = vin/iin) for
minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power.
2
Output Voltage (V)
1.5
1
35 Vin
0.5
48 Vin
75 Vin
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Load Current (A)
Figure 23: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves
and converter shutdown points.
Product # PQ60018ETL45
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 9
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES
The single stage power converter switches at a fixed frequency
for predictable EMI performance. Rectification of the transformer’s
output is accomplished with synchronous rectifiers. These devices,
which are MOSFETs with a very low on-state resistance, dissipate
far less energy than Schottky diodes. This is the primary reason
that the PowerQor converter has such high efficiency, even at very
low output voltages and very high output currents.
Dissipation throughout the converter is so low that it does not
require a heatsink for operation. Since a heatsink is not required,
the PowerQor converter does not need a metal baseplate or potting material to help conduct the dissipated energy to the heatsink.
The PowerQor converter can thus be built more simply and reliably
using high yield surface mount techniques on a PCB substrate.
The PowerQor series of eighth-brick, quarter-brick and half-brick
converters uses the industry standard footprint and pin-out configuration.
CONTROL FEATURES
REMOTE ON/OFF (Pin 2): The ON/OFF input, Pin 2, permits
the user to control when the converter is on or off. This input is
referenced to the return terminal of the input bus, Vin(-). There are
two versions of the converter that differ by the sense of the logic
used for the ON/OFF input.
In the positive logic version, the ON/OFF input is active high
(meaning that a high turns the converter on). In the negative logic
version, the ON/OFF signal is active low (meaning that a low
turns the converter on). Figure A details five possible circuits for
driving the ON/OFF pin. Figure B is a detailed look of the internal
ON/OFF circuitry.
REMOTE SENSE(+) (Pins 7 and 5): The SENSE(+) inputs
correct for voltage drops along the conductors that connect the
converter’s output pins to the load.
Pin 7 should be connected to Vout(+) and Pin 5 should be connected to Vout(-) at the point on the board where regulation is
desired. A remote connection at the load can adjust for a voltage
drop only as large as that specified in this datasheet, that is
[Vout(+) - Vout(-)] – [Vsense(+) - Vsense(-)] <
Sense Range % x Vout
Pins 7 and 5 must be connected for proper regulation of the output voltage. If these connections are not made, the converter will
deliver an output voltage that is slightly higher than its specified
value.
Note: the output over-voltage protection circuit senses the voltage
across the output (pins 8 and 4) to determine when it should trigger, not the voltage across the converter’s sense leads (pins 7 and
5). Therefore, the resistive drop on the board should be small
enough so that output OVP does not trigger, even during load
transients.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM (Pin 6): The TRIM input permits the
user to adjust the output voltage across the sense leads up or down
according to the trim range specifications.
To decrease the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor
between Pin 6 and Pin 5 (SENSE(-) input). For a desired decrease
of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be
Rtrim-down =
ON/OFF
ON/OFF
Vin(_)
Vin(_)
Vin(_)
Remote Enable Circuit
Negative Logic
(Permanently Enabled)
ON/OFF
5V
Vnominal – Vdesired
Vnominal
(kW)
x 100%
5V
10k
ON/OFF
50k
TTL
ON/OFF
Vin(_)
Vin(_)
100pF
Vin(_)
Direct Logic Drive
Figure A: Various circuits for driving the ON/OFF pin.
Product # PQ60018ETL45
D% =
Positive Logic
(Permanently Enabled)
TTL/
CMOS
Open Collector Enable Circuit
- 10.22
(511
D%)
where
ON/OFF
35-75 V
1.8 V
45 A
Eighth-brick
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Figure B: Internal ON/OFF pin circuitry
Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 10
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
To increase the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor
between Pin 6 and Pin 7 (SENSE(+) input). For a desired increase
of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be
Rtrim-up =
(
5.11VOUT(100+D%) _ 511 _
1.225D%
D%
10.22
)
(kW)
where
VOUT = Nominal Output Voltage
Figure C graphs the relationship between the trim resistor value
and Rtrim-up and Rtrim-down, showing the total range the output
voltage can be trimmed up or down.
Trim Resistance (kOhms)
10,000
1,000
35-75 V
1.8 V
45 A
Eighth-brick
PROTECTION FEATURES
Input Under-Voltage Lockout: The converter is designed to
turn off when the input voltage is too low, helping avoid an input
system instability problem, described in more detail in the application note titled “Input System Instability”. The lockout circuitry is a
comparator with DC hysteresis. When the input voltage is rising, it
must exceed the typical Turn-On Voltage Threshold value (listed on
the specification page) before the converter will turn on. Once the
converter is on, the input voltage must fall below the typical TurnOff Voltage Threshold value before the converter will turn off.
Output Current Limit: Once the output current reaches the
current-limit inception point, the converter will decrease the output
voltage as the output current increases. However, once the impedance of the short across the output is small enough to make the
output voltage drop below the specified Output DC Current-Limit
Shutdown Voltage, the converter turns off (see Figure 23).
The converter then enters a “hiccup mode” where it repeatedly
turns on and off at a 5 Hz (nominal) frequency with a 5% duty
cycle until the short circuit condition is removed. This prevents
excessive heating of the converter or the load board.
100
10
1
0
2
4
6
8
10
% increase Vout
12
14
16
18
20
% decrease Vout
Figure C: Trim Graph for 1.8Vout module
Note: the TRIM feature does not affect the voltage at which the
output over-voltage protection circuit is triggered. Trimming the
output voltage too high may cause the over-voltage protection
circuit to engage, particularly during transients.
It is not necessary for the user to add capacitance at the Trim pin.
The node is internally bypassed to eliminate noise.
Output Over-Voltage Limit: If the voltage across the output
pins exceeds the Output Over-Voltage Protection threshold, the
converter will immediately stop switching. This prevents damage
to the load circuit due to 1) excessive series resistance in output
current path from converter output pins to sense point, 2) a release
of a short-circuit condition, or 3) a release of a current limit condition. Load capacitance determines exactly how high the output
voltage will rise in response to these conditions. After 200 ms the
converter will automatically restart.
Over-Temperature Shutdown: A temperature sensor on the
converter senses the average temperature of the module. The thermal shutdown circuit is designed to turn the converter off when the
temperature at the sensed location reaches the Over-Temperature
Shutdown value. It will allow the converter to turn on again when
the temperature of the sensed location falls by the amount of the
Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis value.
Total DC Variation of Vout: For the converter to meet its full
specifications, the maximum variation of the DC value of Vout,
due to both trimming and remote load voltage drops, should not
be greater than that specified for the output voltage trim range.
Product # PQ60018ETL45
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Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 11
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS
Input System Instability: This condition can occur because
any DC/DC converter appears incrementally as a negative
resistance load. A detailed application note titled “Input
System Instability” is available on the SynQor website which
provides an understanding of why this instability arises, and
shows the preferred solution for correcting it.
Application Circuits: Figure D below provides a typical circuit
diagram which details the input filtering and voltage trimming.
Input Filtering and External Capacitance: Figure E below
provides a diagram showing the internal input filter components.
This filter dramatically reduces input terminal ripple current, which
otherwise could exceed the rating of an external input electrolytic capacitor. The recommended external input capacitance is
specified in the “Input Characteristics” section. More detailed
information is available in the application note titled “EMI
Characteristics” on the SynQor website.
Startup/Restart Inhibit Period: The Restart Inhibit Period
ensures that the converter will remain off for approximately
200ms once it is shut down. When an output short is present, this
generates a 5Hz “hiccup mode,” which prevents the converter
from overheating. In all, there are five ways that the converter can
be shut down that initiate a Restart Inhibit Period:
• Input Under-Voltage Lockout
• Output Over-Voltage Protection
• Over Temperature Shutdown
• Current Limit
• Turned off by the ON/OFF input
Figure F shows four turn-on scenarios, where a Restart Inhibit
Period is initiated at t1, t2, and t3:
A Startup Inhibit Period is initiated when the input voltage is
brought up from zero voltage during initial startup, beginning
as the input voltage reaches approximately 10V. At the end of
the Startup Inhibit Period (typically 10mS), if the ON/OFF pin
has been active for at least 1ms, and the input voltage is above
the Under-Voltage Lockout threshold, the output turns on with the
Typical Turn-On Time. This is shown at time t0.
Vin(+)
External
Input
Filter
Vin
Vout(+)
Vsense(+)
Electrolytic
Capacitor
47µF
35-75 V
1.8 V
45 A
Eighth-brick
ON/OFF
Trim
Vsense(_)
Vin(_)
Rtrim-up
or
Rtrim-down
Cload
Iload
Vout(_)
Figure D: Typical application circuit (negative logic unit, permanently enabled).
L
Vin(+)
C
Vin(_)
Figure E: Internal Input Filter Diagram (component values listed on the specifications page).
Product # PQ60018ETL45
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Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 12
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
At time t1, the input voltage falls below the Input Under-Voltage
Lockout threshold. This disables the unit and initiates a Restart
Inhibit Period. During the Restart Inhibit Period, if the input
voltage again exceeds the UVLO threshold, the unit cannot be
enabled again until the Restart Inhibit Period has elapsed. Once
this occurs, the output turns on with the Typical Turn-On Time.
At time t2, the ON/OFF pin disables the unit and initiates a
Restart Inhibit Period. During the Restart Inhibit Period, if the ON/
OFF pin is again activated, the unit cannot be enabled again until
the Restart Inhibit Period has elapsed. Once this occurs, the output
turns on with the Typical Turn-On Time.
35-75 V
1.8 V
45 A
Eighth-brick
When the ON/OFF pin goes high after t3, and the Restart Inhibit
Period has elapsed, the output turns on approximately 1.6ms after
the ON/OFF pin is activated, with the Typical Turn-On Time.
If the Under-Voltage Lockout threshold has not been satisfied at
the end of either Inhibit Period, the unit will remain disabled until
the input voltage exceeds the UVLO threshold. Once this occurs,
the output turns on with the Typical Turn-On Time.
If the ON/OFF pin is activated after either Inhibit Period has
elapsed, the output will turn on approximately 1.6ms after the
ON/OFF pin is activated, with the Typical Turn-On Time.
Vin
Under-Voltage
Lockout Turn-On
Threshold
ON/OFF
(pos logic)
ON
Vout
OFF ON
OFF
ON
10ms
15ms
(typical start-up
inhibit period)
t1
200ms
200ms
200ms
t0
(typical turn on time)
(typical restart
inhibit period)
t2
t3
t
Figure F: Startup Inhibit Period (turn-on time not to scale)
Product # PQ60018ETL45
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Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 13
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
1.8 V
45 A
Eighth-brick
PART NUMBERING SYSTEM
ORDERING INFORMATION
The part numbering system for SynQor’s dc-dc converters
follows the format shown in the example below.
The tables below show the valid model numbers and ordering
options for converters in this product family. When ordering
SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete
15 character part number consisting of the 12 character
base part number and the additional characters for options.
Add “-G” to the model number for 6/6 RoHS compliance.
PQ 6 0 0 1 8 E T L 4 5 N N S - G
6/6 RoHS
Options (see
Ordering Information)
Model Number
Output Current
PQ60018ETw 45xyz
PQ60025ETw 35xyz
PQ60033ETw 30xyz
Thermal Design
Performance Level
Package Size
Continuous Input
Output Voltage Maximum Output Current
Voltage
35-75V
1.8 V
45 A
35-75V
2.5 V
35 A
35-75V
3.3 V
30 A
The following options must be included in place of the w x y z
spaces in the model numbers listed above.
Output Voltage
Input Voltage
Options Description: w x y z
Product Family
The first 12 characters comprise the base part number and
the last 3 characters indicate available options. The “-G”
suffix indicates 6/6 RoHS compliance.
Application Notes
A variety of application notes and technical white papers can
be downloaded in pdf format from our website.
RoHS Compliance: The EU led RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous
Substances) Directive bans the use of Lead, Cadmium,
Hexavalent Chromium, Mercury, Polybrominated Biphenyls
(PBB), and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) in Electrical
and Electronic Equipment. This SynQor product is 6/6 RoHS
compliant. For more information please refer to SynQor’s
RoHS addendum available at our RoHS Compliance / Lead Free
Initiative web page or e-mail us at [email protected].
Thermal Design
Enable Logic
Pin Length
Feature Set
A - Open Frame
L - Low Profile
P - Positive
N - Negative
K - 0.110"
N - 0.145"
R - 0.180"
Y - 0.250"
S - Standard
Not all combinations make valid part numbers, please contact
SynQor for availability. See the Product Summary web page for
more options.
PATENTS
SynQor holds the following patents, one or more of which
might apply to this product:
5,999,417
6,594,159
6,927,987
7,119,524
6,222,742
6,731,520
7,050,309
7,269,034
6,545,890
6,894,468
7,072,190
7,272,021
6,577,109
6,896,526
7,085,146
7,272,023
Contact SynQor for further information:
Phone:
Toll Free:
Fax:
E-mail:
Web:
Address:
Product # PQ60018ETL45
978-849-0600
888-567-9596
978-849-0602
[email protected]
www.synqor.com
155 Swanson Road
Boxborough, MA 01719
USA
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Warranty
SynQor offers a three (3) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our website or is available upon request from SynQor.
Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any
patent or patent rights of SynQor.
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2ET618F Rev. B
06/01/09
Page 14