DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual Features and Benefits Application Examples Asset tracking Library’s book inventory control Bicycle rental checkout Output power of 1Watt Supports ISO15693 international standard RS232 communication 30$ BOM cost target Ordering Information Part No. DEMO90121LR Description Long Range Demonstrator 1 Scope 2 Related Melexis product The DEMO90121LR is a turnkey contactless long range reader example based on the RFID transceiver IC MLX90121. Once set up, it can inventory and access ISO15693 compliant tags and cards by sending corresponding commands. MLX90121 – 13.56MHz transceiver The DEMO90121LR is connected to a computer through its RS232 serial interface. The Melexis user interface program UT121 can be used for easy and fast evaluation of the demonstrator. The form factor is minimized to demonstrate the high level of integration allowed by the MLX90121. The bill of material for DEMO90121LR targets a cost of 30$ per component set for 1000 modules. Complete schematics, bill of material and layout are annexed to this document allowing a fast start for development work. Source code of the firmware is based on the FW90121 library and is available on the CD ROM provided with the DEMO90121LR. This device is based on ISO15693 RFID standard, maximizing the operating distance. This document includes fast start instructions, describes the performance of the demo and explains its hardware and software. The demo and documentation are a starting point for building customized long range reader systems by adapting the functions and performance to meet specific requirements. 390129012104 Rev 001 Important note: The device is for demonstration purpose and has not been tested for compliance with FCC, ETSI or any other regulations. Page 1 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual Table of Contents 1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................1 2 Related Melexis product .................................................................................................................1 3 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................3 4 Box Content......................................................................................................................................3 5 Connections .....................................................................................................................................5 6 Function and use .............................................................................................................................5 7 Observations ....................................................................................................................................5 8 Hardware...........................................................................................................................................6 8.1 General ......................................................................................................................................... 6 8.2 MLX90121 Power Booster ............................................................................................................. 6 8.3 Progressive Field increase ........................................................................................................... 7 8.4 Serial interfaces............................................................................................................................ 7 8.5 Power supplies and LEDs............................................................................................................. 8 8.6 SPI and Serial memory.................................................................................................................. 9 8.7 External push button .................................................................................................................. 10 8.8 Microcontroller ATmega8 ........................................................................................................... 10 8.9 Ground planes connections........................................................................................................ 12 8.10 RFID Antenna............................................................................................................................ 12 9 Firmware .........................................................................................................................................14 9.1 Structure..................................................................................................................................... 14 9.2 Practical information................................................................................................................... 15 9.3 Instruction set ............................................................................................................................. 15 10 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................16 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 2 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual 3 Introduction You purchased a DEMO90121LR. Thank you for choosing Melexis RFID solutions. This document contains the instructions to use and evaluate the functions and the performance of this demonstrator. All the necessary hardware is provided in the packaging box and the microcontroller on-board is pre-programmed with the firmware on the included CD. All that you need to do is connect the cables, start the UT121 user interface program, and then to send predefined ISO15693 commands to see the displayed answer from a compatible transponder(s) placed in front of the long range antenna. Should you want to start a development based on this demonstrator, you will find in this document and on the CD all information, like schematics, board layout, list of component, firmware source (C code) and the related application note. Please note that all this material is provided to support the use of the related Melexis product. Duplication, circulation or storage on data carriers in any manner for any other type of use are not authorized by Melexis unless under a specific agreement. 4 Box Content You will find in the box the following components. • 1 RFID Reader Board Power supply connector Antenna connector (SMA) RS232 connector Figure 1: RFID reader board. Top side • 1 Board antenna Antenna connector (SMA) Figure 2: Antenna ANT3_0 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 3 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual • 3 Transponder cards ISO15693 Figure 3: ISO15693 tag cards • 1 Power supply block with adaptor Figure 4: Power supply block • 1 RS232 cable Figure 5: RS232 cable • • 1 CD with the firmware and documentation The delivered CD contains the complete documentation of the hardware and firmware for DEMO90121LR, User Manual, Datasheet MLX90121, Source Code of the firmware (written in C, flavor AVR gcc), Hex file of the firmware, Schematics of the board (ORCAD 9.2 file), Layout of the board (GERBER files), Bill of materials of the board 1 Box Content (on paper) 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 4 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual 5 Connections The first step is to connect the component. Connect antenna board to the RFID reader board using the SMA connector. Then, connect the RS232 cable from the computer to the three pin connector CON3. Finally, connect the power supply block to the two pin connector CON1. The two LEDs D5 and D6 must be switched ON. Important note: Should you want to connect you own power supply, please note that in order to avoid extra power dissipation, a maximum power supply (CON1) of 15 volts must be applied. 6 Function and use Once connected, the demonstrator is able to receive commands sent through the RS232 serial interface. The firmware of the DEMO90121LR handles the RFID communication, according to the ISO15693 international standard up to the level 2. Meaning that the Start Of Frame, the End Of Frame and the CRC calculation and check is supported by the firmware while, the protocol understanding has to be managed by a higher level of application software. The communication with the long range demonstrator can be established by any RS232 terminal by configuring the following parameters: • • • • • Data rate = 57600 BAUD Data bit = 8bits Parity = None Stop bits = 1 Flow control = Hardware For an easy and fast evaluation, the DEMO90121LR is supplied with the UT121 Melexis user interface. For more information on how to install and use the UT121, please refer to the documentation UT121 User Manual. After starting the user interface program, one will have access to a list of predefined commands to start the communication with the demonstrator and with the ISO15693 transponders. For more information on the command format supported by the DEMO90121LR, please refer to the chapter Firmware below. 7 Observations • • • • The delivered output power is 1 Watt to a 50-ohm load. Reading range of the DEMO90121LR is about 32cm in ISO15693 dual sub-carrier. The power consumption with the field ON is about 300 mA. The DEMO90121LR supports the Anti-collision procedure. Therefore, several transponders can be put in the field and the Anti-collision command can be sent. The unique identifier (UID) of every transponder detected will be returned. 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 5 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual 8 Hardware 8.1 General The DEMO90121LR is built around the MLX90121 RFID transceiver front-end and the 8bit microcontroller Atmel ATMega8. The MLX90121 handles the air interface in transmission and in reception. It drives the antenna through a power booster configuration to provide up to 1Watt of output power to the 50-ohm antenna. It demodulates the tag answer using an external diode detector to reduce the power fed into the MLX90121 reception pin. The ATMega8 runs the protocol and the application software. The board has three interfaces, two for the RS232 and RS485 serial interfaces and a SPI connection for the uC programming. It includes a reset button and two linear regulators of +5 and +12V DC. 8.2 MLX90121 Power Booster The power booster schematic is implemented according to the application note “A Power Booster for the MLX90121” included in the “MLX90121 Cookbook”. For more information about the theory of operation, please refer to this document available on the Melexis WEB-site. L1 Vdd BLM31AJ260SN 1 C4 4.7U F/TANTAL C5 L3 680NH GND_1W Close to MLX90121 pin 2 3.3UH 1 short! 3 D3 BAS16 C14 330PF R5 680 1 short! C15 220Pf 100NF U2 C18 GN D_TX GND_TX 1 GND _TX 2 short! 3 1 1 GND _1W GN D R 10 51 M1 PMBF 170 R12 1 13. 56MHZ 1 10K 6 7 GND _1W C22 22PF GND _uC R 13 10M 2 C21 22PF 8 2 2 Y1 9 RTB 1 MSI short! 2 GND _1W 3 5 short! GND_TX R 11 6.8 2 Close to ANTENNA connector 4 Close to MLX90121 pin 3 1 TP1 R6 27K MLX90121 GN D_RX Close to MLX90121 pin 2 100PF/ 100V/N PO 5V BLM31AJ260SN1 2 3 GN D_1W L6 C 13 270NH 4 GND_1W Det_in L7 short! 1 2 GND _1W R3 10E Q2 IRF D110 C12 220PF/ 200V/N PO 4.7UF /TANTAL GN D_TX GN D_1W 10 VDD 1 TX RX VSS3 MOD NC VSS1 VDD 3 XOU T D SY NC XIN VSS2 XBUF CK MOD E D IN NC VDD 2 R TB D OU T C 19 D4 20 3 2. 2NF 19 18 RSSI R8 22K GN D_RX 17 short! 16 DSYN C 15 CK 14 MODE 13 DI N GN D_RX 12 11 1 BAR 18 D et_in 2 2 10NF C 10 XXPF/200V GN D_TX 1 2.2U H CV1 5. 5-50PF /200V 100N F C9 33PF C 20 100PF R9 1K5 1 GN D_1W short! 2 C8 1 L5 short! 2 L4 C6 1 short! ANTENNA1 1 2 2 Edge of the board C3 100N F 2 L2 560NH 1 5V 1 short! GND _R X GN D_1W 5V DOUT C23 100NF short! GND _TX CLK13M C 24 220PF GN D_uC Figure 6: TAG Reader MLX90121 in power booster configuration The output of the long range reader is matched for 50-ohm loads. In case other impedance values or more filtering are required, the capacitor C10 can be mounted to form a π filter with L4 and CV1. The output power supply Vdd is fixed to 12V by a linear regulator to provide 1 watt of output power. The modulation depth is fixed by the resistor R11 to about 20% according to the ISO15693 specification. The resistors R10, R12 and the transistor M1 are anticipated in the layout to adjust the modulation depth on the fly by the microcontroller. This function is not used in the DEMO90121LR and these components are not mounted. To avoid any perturbation, the MLX90121 use its own 13.56MHz signal provided by the crystal resonator Y1. This signal can be supplied by the microcontroller ATmega8 by replacing the capacitor C24 with a jumper wire. Care should be taken that the crystal oscillator has to be removed and the microcontroller has to be configured to be able to drive the clock of the MLX90121. To improve the performance of the long range reader, the external diode detector solution was chosen to receive the modulation signal from the transponder (R9, D4, C20, R8 and C19). The reception point was moved after the inductor L5 because a “notch” in the reception path was observed at the output ANTENNA1. Therefore, two capacitors C12 and C18 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 6 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual have been placed to provide a divide-by-three to protect the diode of the detector from high voltages, and also form a 68pF equivalent resistor which helps in the 50-ohm output matching. 8.3 Progressive Field increase It has been observed that some RFID transponders do not operate properly when the field intensity reaches its maximum in a very short time. Consequently, a progressive field increase mechanism was implemented. For more information about the theory of operation, please refer to the application note “Progressive Field Increase for the MLX90121” in the “MLX90121 Cookbook” available on the Melexis internet site (www.melexis.com). 2 1 12V R1 4K7 1 C2 100NF 2 C1 10UF/TANTAL 4 6 C11 100NF 5 S2 D2 G2 R2 2K2 3 1 Vdd 2 Q1 2 D1 R4 S1 G1 1 2 1 PFI 10K FDC6327C Figure 7: Soft Start PWM Drive Important note: The Progressive field increase method is not implemented in the version 1.0 of the firmware but could be in the next revision. Please contact your Melexis representative to get the last revision of the firmware. The description of the change in the revision list of the firmware will give an indication if the function has been implemented. 8.4 Serial interfaces The demonstrator can be externally controlled with an RS232 (CON3) or RS485 (CON2) serial interfaces. The reception signal Rx can be selected from RS232 or RS485 by firmware with the bit RS232_485. C42 +5V 14 U7A 100NF GND_uC 1 RX232 3 14 74HC00P W 2 U7B 6 7 14 4 U7C 74HC00PW 5 U7D 74HC00PW 10 7 8 14 9 RX 12 RX485 74HC00P W 13 RS232_485 7 7 11 GND_uC Figure 8: RS485/RS232 Rx signal switch The RS232 allow for connecting the board to a serial COM port of a computer through the connector CON3 (T1OUT, R1IN and Ground). The voltage level is adapted using the MAX202 RS232 transceiver (U1). 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 7 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual TX U1 RX232 9 10 11 12 C40 1 3 4 5 2 6 100NF C41 100NF C43 C44 100NF 100NF R2OUT VCC GND T2IN T1IN R1OUT C+ C1C2+ C2V+ V- T1OUT R2IN R1IN T2OUT 16 15 +5Vser C39 100NF CON3 14 8 13 7 3 2 1 MAX202CSE GND_Ser RS232 +5Vser GND_Ser Figure 9: RS232 The RS485 is a complement to the RS232 serial connection as it allows connecting several devices on the same bus. The voltage level conversion is controlled by the LMS485 transceiver (U6). The communication is controlled by the signals 485_DE (Output driver enabled, for DATA transmission). A termination load of 120ohms (R27) is also available to correctly match the end of the RS485 cable (Jumper CON4). L8 1 +5Vser +5V C 38 4.7UF/ TANTAL CON 4 485_D E DI LMS485IM GN D_Ser RO 6 7 3 L11 1 4 2 2 1 2 RS485_TER CON2 3 2 1 B82789 1 D 12 SMBJ 12CA DE RE A B D 11 SMBJ 12CA 3 2 VCC GND 4 R27 120 GND _Ser 5 U6 TX 8 GN D_Ser 1 2 C36 100NF BLM31AJ260SN1 RS485 GN D_Ser R X485 GND_Ser GND _Ser Figure 10: RS485 8.5 Power supplies and LEDs The DEMO90121LR is supplied through the connector CON1. A protection diode D1 protects the board from supply inversion while a suppression diode D2 protects against over voltage. Two linear regulators have been chosen to provide clean power supplies of +12 volts for the power booster circuit and +5 volts for the MLX90121 and the microcontroller. Two LEDs are available at the output of the regulators (D5 and D6) to indicate operation of the power supplies. 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 8 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual D1 1 2 30BQ060 SMD Or CON 1 Vpower F1 0451.500MRL 1 1 2 1 POW ER Edge of the board D2 SMBJ 22A C7 10U F /TAN TAL/35V 2 D1 and F1 not assembled in the same time 2 U 10 7812C 12V R7 7K5 C17 100N F 2 C 16 100NF 3 VO 2 VI 1 1 GND Vpower 1 D5 2 +5V L9 U3 VO 3 R 14 7K5 C 25 10U F /TAN TAL C 27 100NF 2 1 2 7805C C26 100N F 5V BLM31AJ 260SN 1 1 VI 2 1 GND Vpower 1 D6 2 Figure 11: Power supplies Three additional LEDs can be controlled by the firmware. In the version 1.0 of the firmware, the LEDs D8, D9 and D10 will be always switched ON. 2 LEDgeneral 2 LEDserial 2 LEDmlx 1 1 R26 7K5 1 R 24 7K5 1 R23 7K5 1 1 D8 D9 2 D10 2 GND _uC 2 GN D_uC GND_uC Figure 12: LEDs 8.6 SPI and Serial memory An external serial memory of type FRAM is available to store the current UIDs of the RFID transponders inventoried in the field, in stand alone mode. It is accessed by the microcontroller through the SPI serial interface (MISO, MOSI and SCK). The FRAM has to be selected using the signal EEPROM_CS. U4 1 MOSI 5 SCK 6 5V 3 7 |CS SO 2 MISO SI 5V SCK |WP |HOLD VSS EEPROM_CS VCC 8 5V C 29 100NF 4 FM25C160 GND_uC GND_uC Figure 13: Serial memory 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 9 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual Important note: The stand alone application is not implemented in the version 1.0 of the firmware but could be in the next revision. Please contact your Melexis representative to get the latest revision of the firmware. The description of the change in the revision list of the firmware will give an indication if the function has been implemented. The connector J1 is used to program the microcontroller with the application firmware. 1 5V C 28 100NF + + + + + + + + + + 1 3 5 7 9 MOSI CH_MOSI 1K R16 1 2 RST CH_RST CH_SCK CH_MISO 1K R17 1 2 SCK 1K R19 1 2 MISO J1 2 4 6 8 10 R15 2 ISP GN D_uC 100 Figure 14: Microcontroller programming 8.7 External push button The button BUTTON1 is used to perform hardware reset of the DEMO90121LR board. Important note: The extra button BUTTON2 is not implemented in the version 1.0 of the firmware but could be in the next revision. Please contact your Melexis representative to get the latest revision of the firmware. The description of the change in the revision list of the firmware will give an indication if the function has been implemented. R22 8K2 2 5V 3 2 5V R25 8K2 1 1 1 D7 BAS16 2 RSTsof t 2 RST BUTTON1 C37 100NF BUTTON2 4 3 C45 1NF 4 3 1 1 BUTTON_RESET BUTTON_RSTSOFT GND_uC GND_uC GND_uC GND_uC Figure 15: Push buttons 8.8 Microcontroller ATmega8 The DEMO90121LR is controlled by an Atmel microcontroller ATmega8. It contains the firmware example written by Melexis to handle the RFID communication and the serial communication with a computer. The microcontroller also controls the progressive field increase (PFI) block, the external FRAM through the SPI serial interface, the RS232/RS485 selection and the LEDs. 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 10 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual TX RX RST RSTsoft LEDserial LEDmlx MSI D SYNC D OUT CK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 R 18 100 short! short! 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 C31 10NF 13.56MHZ 1 R21 10M C34 22PF C33 100NF C 35 22PF RSSI R 20 8K2 R SSI_f il short! C32 100NF GN D_ADC GND _ADC GND _uC GN D_uC 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2 short! 485_DE EEPROM_CS C 30 10N F PD5 PD6 PD7 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 Y2 L10 PC1 PD3 PC0 PD4 ADC7 GN D VCC A Tm ega 8 GND GN D ATMEGA8-16AU AREF ADC6 VCC AVCC PB6 PB5 PB7 2 PD2 PD1 PD0 PC6 PC5 PC4 PC3 PC2 CLK13M 1 U5 BLM31AJ260SN 1 5V 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 5V GND_uC GND_ADC GND_ADC SCK MISO MOSI D IN R TB MODE RS232_485 PFI LEDgeneral Figure 16: Microcontroller ATmega8 The microcontroller contains its own 13.56MHz crystal oscillator. When correctly programmed (fuse CKOPT has to be checked), this 13.56MHz clock generation can be used to drive the MLX90121 by short circuitng the resistor R18. The following table shows the digital connections between the I/O of the microcontroller and the different blocks of the long range demonstrator. MLX90121 PD2 ↔ PD3 ↔ PD4 ↔ PD5 ↔ PD6 ↔ PD7 ↔ DSYNC DOUT CK DIN RTB MODE Data Synchronization Data OUT Clock Data IN Receive/Transmit Config/Comm LEDs PB0 ↔ PC3 ↔ PC4 ↔ LEDgeneral LEDmlx LEDserial Not used RFID communication Serial communication PFI block PB1 ↔ PFI Progressive field incr. Reset PC6 ↔ RST Reset Serial communication RS232/RS485 PB2 ↔ RS232_485 RS232/485 selection PC1 ↔ 485_DE RS485 driver enable PD0 ↔ RX Reception PD1 ↔ TX Transmission External FRAM PC0 ↔ EEPROM_CS Serial FRAM selection SPI PB3 PB4 PB5 Maste Out Slave In Master In Slave Out Serial Clock ↔ ↔ ↔ MOSI MISO SCLK Table 1: Connections to microcontroller ATmega8 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 11 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual 8.9 Ground plane connections To reduce as much as possible the ground disturbances, ground connections have been split into several ground planes: GND (power supply) GND_1W (power booster), GND_TX (RFID transmission), GND_DIG (Digital), GND_Ser (Serial communication), GND_RX (RFID reception). These ground planes are connected to the power supply as shown in the picture below. short! 1 TP2 2 1OHM 1 SH9 2 1OHM 1 SH 1 2 1OHM 1 SH3 2 1OH M 1 SH5 2 1OHM 1 SH10 2 1OHM 1 SH 2 2 1OHM 1 SH4 2 1OH M 1 SH6 GND G ND_1W Close to CON1 GND_1W G ND_TX G ND_1W GND_uC GND_RX GND_Ser Figure 17: Ground plane connections 8.10 RFID Antenna A 50-ohm antenna is supplied with the demonstrator. It is a loop 12x12 square antenna shielded on one side and matched to 50-ohms. Following schematic shows the principle of the antenna: Figure 18: Antenna principal schematic The loop antenna is formed by an inductance Lant of 523nH and a serial resistor Rant of 290mOhm. The natural quality factor of the antenna (154 at 13.56MHz) is too big to allow a correct communication at 26kbps (ISO15693) and has to be reduced by adding the serial resistor Rs of 800mOhm. The loop antenna is matched to 50-ohm by using two capacitors Cs and Cp. The serial one Cs is used to adjust the resonance frequency and the parallel one is used to adjust the matching on 50-ohms at 13.56MHz. Below are the measured values of the long range antenna: • • • • • • Lant = 523nH (calculated). Rant = 290mOhm (calculated). Rs = 800mOhm. Cs = 270pF. Cp = 1nF + 220pF. Qant = 17 (measured) Orcad schematics and layout of the antenna are provided in Annexes A and B. 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 12 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual The following serial and parallel capacitors have been calculated to provide a resistive 50-ohm load at 13.56MHz. • • Cs = 270pF Cp = 1nF Remarks: The resistive element of the RFID antenna will dissipate the complete amount of power. Therefore, Rs has to be dimensioned to dissipate at least one watt. Moreover, the quality factor and the voltage swing of the capacitors which form the matching network have to be chosen as high as possible. Mica capacitors have quality factor of about 1000 and support voltage swing up to 200V. 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 13 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual 9 Firmware 9.1 Structure The firmware of the DEMO90121LR handles the RS232 serial communication with a computer as well as the communication with the MLX90121 RFID reader. It can be illustrated by the following flow chart. UART Bios (Bios.c) Common level USART & Parser (Comm.c) Library Data reception and transmission, data buffering Set of routines to facilitate parsing of received data and sending of data Application 1st level Parser (Exec.c) Protocol oriented command Application-specific parsers (Parser.c) Device direct command Protocol specific parsers (Iso15par.c) Library Protocol level Error code interpretation (ErrorCodes.c) Inventory (Iso15ac.c) Common level Protocol basic (Iso15.c) TAG recv. buffer (IsoX.c) Platform level Mlx90121 direct access (MLX90121.c) ATmega8 direct access (Crt8.c) TAG 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 14 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual 9.2 Practical information The firmware of the DEMO90121LR is based on the FW121 library. (FW90121: Firmware description) This library provides the ISO15693 protocol functions as specific commands to control the MLX90121 and address its internal registers. At power-on or reset, the microcontroller IO ports, timers, ADC, and watch-dog, and the MLX90121 transceiver registers are configured for the ISO15693 protocol as described in the MLX90121 datasheet. The firmware was developed using GCC under AVR Studio 4. The firmware can be loaded into the microcontroller using the SPI interface connected to a STK500, STK300, AVRISP mkII module or similar, driven by appropriate software (AVR Studio, PonyProg2000, etc). FW_LR21_15.c and FW_LR21_15.h contain the firmware specific gcc code and the functions’ prototypes. HwDefs.h describes the hardware (input, output pins, etc.). The file FW_LR21_15.aps is the AVR Studio 4 project file. 9.3 Instruction set The instructions sent to the DEMO90121 are composed by ASCII parameters which form the operational code (op-code) and the command parameters. Three main types of command can be sent, MLX90121 registers configuration, RFID commands and Anti-collision sequence. MLX90121 registers configuration The write register command starts with the op-code WrReg followed by the hexadecimal values of the MLX90121’s 13 registers from register 0 to register 12. WrReg R0R0 R1R1R2 R2R3R3 R4 R4R5 R5 R6R6 R7 R7R8 R8 R9R9 R10 R10 R11 R11 R12R12 ↵ Identification The identification command is used to identify the module. It has to be sent accordingly. Idn ↵ RFID commands The RFID commands start with the op-code Iso15 followed by a variable number of Hexadecimal parameters which form the RFID command. It has to be filled in accordance with the international standard specification ISO15693-3. The instruction is ended by several key words according to the command itself. Iso15 ISO15693 parameters CRC SLOTx ↵ CRC: The firmware will automatically calculate the CRC according to the ISO15693 specification and will incorporate it into the command sent to the transponder. SLOTx: Define the number of slots used during an Inventory or Write command. X must be between 1 and 16. Anti-collision sequence The firmware will execute a complete anti-collision sequence as defined in the ISO15693-3 specification. All the detected UIDs will be returned. The anti-collision command will not select any transponder. Iso15 Inventory DS ↵ DS: Specified only when using dual sub-carrier protocol. With single sub-carrier, DS has to be removed. 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 15 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual 10 Conclusion The DEMO90121LR is an example of a small, cost effective, and simple control module for long range applications, based on the Melexis 13.56MHz transceiver MLX90121. It can also be considered as an advanced starting point for developers who want to build their own customized system meeting their specific requirements. The software library FW121 facilitates software development for the MLX90121 transceiver, and the programmer can use high level commands to communicate with the MLX90121. By this way, they can concentrate on the management of the microcontroller and the upper level functionality of the application. References • • • • • • • source files: FW_LR21_15.h, FW_LR21_15.c, FW_LR21_15.aps, Bios.c, Exec.c, Parser.c, Iso15Par.c, HwDefs.h. schematics: See below Layout: See below MLX90121 datasheet ATMega8 datasheet FW90121: Firmware description 13.56MHz RFID systems and antennas design guide 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 16 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 2 1 G ND_ RX GND _TX GND _TX 1 G ND _TX 2 sh ort ! VD D1 RX TX VSS3 MOD NC 2 .2N F 18 1 GND 2 R1 2 1 6 sh or t! Y1 7 1 8 2 MSI 3 2 G ND _1W G ND_ TX R 11 6. 8 2 M1 PMBF1 70 5 sh ort ! 1 R10 51 Cl ose t o AN TEN NA co nne ct or 4 C los e to M LX9 01 21 pi n 3 R SSI 1 3. 56MHZ GN D_u C 2 10 K GND _1 W R 13 1 0M C 22 2 2PF 9 RTB 1 C 21 2 2PF 10 GND _1W VSS1 VDD3 XOU T DSYN C CK XIN MO DE VSS2 DI N XBUF NC VDD2 R TB D OUT 1 s hor t! U10 Vpo wer 1 VI C1 6 1 00 NF VO 781 2C 3 1 2V R7 7K5 C1 7 10 0NF D et_ in C 20 10 0PF 1 D5 R9 1 K5 2 16 D SYNC 15 CK 14 MODE 13 D IN GND _R X GND _RX G ND_ 1W +5 V 12 L9 5V 11 D OUT U3 C2 3 Vpo wer 1 VI 1 00N F sh ort ! VO 3 C LK13 M GN D_u C C26 10 0NF R 14 7 K5 C 27 1 00N F 5V BL M31 AJ2 60SN 1 78 05 C C2 4 220 PF 2 G ND _TX TAG Reader MLX90121 2 1 PFI 2 2 10 K 1 BAR18 R8 22 K GN D_R X 17 1 D4 3 19 G1 Soft start PWM drive C1 9 20 1 3 R4 S1 C2 5 10U F/TAN TAL 2 220 PF/10 0V/N PO MLX90 121 C7 10 UF/TAN TAL/ 35 V 2 1 U2 Clo se to MLX 90 121 p in 2 D1 5 FD C63 27 C R6 2 7K 100 NF G ND_ 1W TP1 1 C 15 22 0Pf C18 C11 1 00N F R2 2K2 3 5V 2 C 14 G2 1 1 sho rt ! R5 6 80 D2 6 L6 BLM3 1AJ2 60 SN 1 3 30PF 2 3 D3 BAS16 S2 4 1 C 13 27 0NH 4 De t_in Vd d 2 s hor t! L7 sh ort ! 3 100 PF/20 0V/N PO GN D_TX 2 Q2 I RFD1 10 C12 GN D_ 1W G ND_ TX 1 2 CV1 5 .5- 50 PF/ 20 0V C10 XXPF/ 200 V G ND_ 1W G ND_ 1W C9 3 3PF R3 1 0E GN D C lo se to M LX 901 21 pi n 2 1 D2 SMBJ2 2A D 1 a nd F1 n ot a sse mb led i n t he sa me t ime 2 GND _1W 1 1 2 10 NF Vpowe r 04 51 .50 0MR L POWER E dge o f t he b oar d 1 GND _1W sh or t! 3 .3U H 2 C8 2 1 L5 sho rt ! 2. 2U H 2 L4 Q1 4 .7U F/TAN TAL 1 ANTEN NA1 1 2 1 C6 100 NF GN D C5 L3 6 80 NH 2 C4 4. 7UF/ TANTAL F1 1 C3 10 0N F 2 sh ort ! 2 L2 56 0NH E dge o f t he b oar d 2 3 0BQ0 60 SMD Or CON 1 R1 4K7 2 1 1 C2 1 00 NF 11 Annexes 1 12V C1 10 UF/ TANTAL 5V 11.1 Schematics DEMO90121LR: 390129012104 Rev 001 D1 L1 Vd d BLM31AJ 260 SN1 sh ort ! 1 D6 C urr ent to o s mal l ( 3V/ 7k5 =0. 4mA ) 2 TX RX Supply TX U1 RX232 1 00N F RX23 2 1 00 NF RS232 1 SH 10 G ND_ TX C los e t o p in 4 o f M LX9 012 1 R S232 _4 85 C36 100 NF +5 V BLM3 1AJ2 60 SN1 C 38 4. 7UF/ TANTAL 3 2 PFI 8 DI DE RE 6 7 A B 4 2 B82 78 9 1 RO L EDmlx 1 SH 1 2 1 OH M 1 SH 2 2 1 OH M 1 SH 3 2 1 OH M 1 SH 4 2 1 OH M 1 SH 5 2 1 OH M 1 SH 6 R2 3 7K5 RS48 5 G ND_ uC 1 D8 GN D_Se r R X4 85 Serial Interface 2 1 OH M 2 GND _Ser RS485 GND _Ser G ND_ uC G ND_ Se r 2 L EDse rial DSY NC PFI MSI J6 1 J7 1 J8 1 SI 5V R25 8K2 D7 BAS16 C2 8 10 0NF 2 RSTsof t 7 BUTTON 1 |W P |H OLD C29 100 NF C 37 1 00N F BUTTON2 4 3 C 45 1N F 4 3 2 4 6 8 10 + + + + + + + + + + 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1K R1 6 2 R ST CH _RST CH _SCK CH _MI SO 1 1K R1 7 2 SCK 1 D9 G ND_ 1W I SP GND _uC 1K R1 9 2 L EDge ner al MISO J9 BUTTO N_R STSOFT 10 0 GND _uC Serial EEPROM GN D_u C uC reset circuit G ND_ uC 1 SH 7 R2 6 7K5 ISP Interface for uC G ND_ uC J 10 2 1 OH M BUTTON _R ESET G ND_ uC G ND_ RX Cl ose to Ca pa Var 2 G ND_ uC 1 FM25C 16 0 MOSI CH _MO SI J1 2 RST SCK 5V 2 3 2 R2 2 8K2 1 6 VC C 5 SCK 3 1 1 MO SI 5V 2 MISO 1 J5 SO 1 J4 1 |C S R2 4 7K5 G ND_ uC 1 RTB 1 1 1 DO UT U4 EEPRO M_C S 1 DI N J3 VSS MO DE J2 1 4 G ND_ uC 1 R1 5 1 2 8 5V CK 5V 2 5V 1 GND _u C G ND_ AD C S tar co nne cti on clo se t o p in 5 o f A Tme ga8 D1 0 Soft reset circuit 2 G ND_ uC User Manual Oct. 2007 debug connector LEDs GND connections Size C AG E Co de D WG NO Re v 1. 0 A2 MELEXIS Tec hno logie s SA W edn es day , Sep te mb er 12 , 20 07 Sca le RD 4-9 01 21 V1. 0-L R: 13 .5 6MH z 1W Tag Rea de r Sh eet 1 of 1 DEMO90121LR GND _Ser 5 LEDg en era l LMS4 85 IM CO N2 3 2 1 D 12 S MBJ 12 C A 4 4 85 _DE 1 D 11 S MBJ 12 C A TX V CC G ND 7 G ND_ uC 3 L 11 1 2 RS48 5_TER 2 2 CON 4 R2 7 12 0 GND _Ser G ND _Ser 2 RX48 5 13 RS485/RS232 RX Signal Switch 2 1 OH M 1 12 U6 RS23 2_ 485 1 SH 9 L8 +5Vs er 11 7 4HC 00 PW 2 1 OH M G ND_ 1W 1 U7D Clo se to CON 1 6 7 G ND _ADC G ND_ ADC RS23 2 1 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 G ND_ Se r G ND_ 1W GND 3 2 1 GN D_Se r 74H C00 PW 5 8 s hor t! TP2 CO N3 14 2 9 RX SC K MISO MOSI uC (ADC, protocol, memory) C 39 100 NF 14 8 13 7 4 U 7C C 32 10 0N F 7 4HC 00PW 1 0 GN D_u C DIN RTB MOD E +5 Vse r +5 Vser 100 NF 14 7 4HC 00 PW GND _ADC G ND _ADC GN D_ uC C+ C1 T1 OUT C2 + R 2IN C2 R 1IN V+ T2 OUT VMAX2 02 CSE 16 15 G ND_ uC 1 7 C3 5 22PF GN D_u C C 44 R2 OUT VCC T2 IN GND T1 IN R1 OUT 3 7 1 C 34 22 PF C33 100 NF C 43 1 00N F U7A R 20 8K2 R SSI _f il s ho rt! C 30 10 NF C 31 10 NF 2 sho rt! 13 .56 MH Z R21 10 M 1 00N F +5V U7 B PD 5 PD 6 PD 7 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 Y2 PC1 PD 3 PC0 PD 4 G ND ADC7 VC C A Tm e ga 8 GND G ND ATMEGA8- 16 AU AREF VC C ADC6 PB6 AVCC PB7 PB5 C42 R SSI 14 sho rt! 4 85 _DE EEPRO M_ CS 14 R18 100 s ho rt! L1 0 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 DOU T CK BL M3 1A J2 6 0SN 1 CL K1 3M C 41 5V PD 2 PD 1 PD 0 PC 6 PC 5 PC 4 PC 3 PC 2 U5 1 3 4 5 2 6 RFID Long Range Demo User Manual Page 17 of 22 MSI DSYN C 5V 9 10 11 12 C 40 1 RST RSTsof t LED ser ial LED mlx RFID ANTENNA: 390129012104 Rev 001 C V2 5-50pF C8 1 2 C AP C7 1 2 C AP R s3 R C6 1 2 C AP R s2 R C5 1 C2 C3 R s1 R 2 C AP 1 C1 1 J1 1 1 Signal C4 2 1 Copper antenna C V1 5-50pF C AP 2 C AP 2 C AP 2 2 C AP C oax GND D ate: D ocument Number <Doc> Wednesday , Nov ember 23, 2005 Sheet Rev 2 1 of 1 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR 13.56Mhz RFID_antenna Size A RFID Long Range Demo User Manual Page 18 of 22 Title DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual 11.2 List of components DEMO90121LR: Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 22 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 9 2 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 390129012104 Rev 001 Reference Value ANTENNA1 BUTTON1 BUTTON2 CON1 CON2 CON3 J1 CV1 C1,C25 C4,C6,C38 C7 C2,C3,C5,C11,C14 C16,C17,C23,C26,C27 C28,C29,C32,C33,C36 C37,C39*,C40,C41,C42 C43,C44 C8,C30,C31 C19 C45 C9* C10* C12,C20 C13 C15, C18 C21,C22,C34,C35 C24* D1 D4 D2 D11,D12 D3,D7 D5,D6 D8,D9,D10 F1* J2*,J3*,J4*,J5*,J6*,J7*,J8* J9*,J10* TP1,TP2 L1,L6,L8,L9,L10 L2 L3 L4 L5 L7 M1* Description SMA Reset RSTsoft Power supply RS485 RS232 ISP Connector 5.5-50pF 10uF 4.7uF 10uF Antenna connector Push button Push button Connector Connector Connector Connector Trimming capacitor Tantalum capacitor Tantalum capacitor Tantalum capacitor 100nF Ceramic X7R capacitor 10nF 2.2nF 1nF 33pF xxpF/200V 100pF 330pF 220pF 22pF 220pF 30BQ060 BAR18 SMBJ22A SMBJ12CA BAS16 Red LED Yellow LED 0451.500MRL Ceramic X7R capacitor Ceramic X7R capacitor Ceramic X7R capacitor Ceramic NPO capacitor Ceramic NPO capacitor Ceramic NPO capacitor Ceramic NPO capacitor Ceramic NPO capacitor Ceramic NPO capacitor Ceramic NPO capacitor Schottky diode Schottky diode Suppression diode Suppression diode Commutation diode ??? QTLP630C-Y Fuse PIN_HEADER_SIL1 Test pin Gnd BLM31AJ260SN1 560nH 680nH 2.2uH 3.3uH 0.27uH PMBF170 Ground connection EMI filter inductor Matching coil Matching coil Matching coil Matching coil Matching coil 10% modulation transistor Page 19 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 1 Q1 Q2 R1 R2 R3 R12*,R4 R5 R6 R7,R14,R23,R24,R26 R8 R9 R10* R11 R13*,R21* R15,R16,R17 R18*,R19 R20*,R22,R25 R27* SH1,SH2,SH3,SH4 SH5,SH6,SH7,SH8 SH9,SH10 U1 U2 U3 U8 U4 U5 U6 U7 Y1,Y2 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 FDC6327C IRFD110 4K7 2K2 10E 10K 680 27K 7K5 22K 1K5 5,6 6,8 10M 1K 100 8K2 120 Soft start PWM transistor Power booster transistor Thick film resistor 0805 Thick film resistor 0805 Thick film resistor 0805 Thick film resistor 0805 Thick film resistor 0805 Thick film resistor 0805 Thick film resistor 0805 Thick film resistor 0805 Thick film resistor 0805 Thick film resistor 1206 Thick film resistor 1206 Thick film resistor 0805 Thick film resistor 0805 Thick film resistor 0805 Thick film resistor 0805 Thick film resistor 0805 1ohm Ground plane shunt MAX202CSE MLX90121 7805C 7812C FM25C160 ATmega8-16AU LMS485IM 74HC00PW 13.56MHZ RS232 transceiver RFID transceiver +5V regulator TO220 +12V regulator TO220 Serial FRAM Microcontroller RS485 transceiver 4 NAND logical circuit Quartz resonator RFID ANTENNA: Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 Reference C1 C2 C3*,C4* CV1* C5 CV1 C6*,C7*,C8* Rs1,Rs2,Rs3 Value 1nF 220pF 5-50pF 270pF 5-50pF 2.4-ohm Description Mica capacitor Mica capacitor Mica capacitor Trimer capacitor Mica capacitor Trimer capacitor Mica capacitor Thick film resistor 1210 *These components are not mounted. 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 20 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual 11.3 Layout DEMO90121LR: TOP BOTTOM 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 21 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007 DEMO90121LR RFID Long Range Demo User Manual RFID ANTENNA: 390129012104 Rev 001 Page 22 of 22 User Manual Oct. 2007