MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design User’s Guide © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51999A Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: • Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. • Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. • There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data Sheets. 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MCP1640 12V/50 mA TWO CELLS INPUT BOOST CONVERTER REFERENCE DESIGN Table of Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction............................................................................................................ 5 Document Layout .................................................................................................. 5 Conventions Used in this Guide ............................................................................ 6 Recommended Reading........................................................................................ 7 The Microchip Web Site ........................................................................................ 7 Customer Support ................................................................................................. 7 Document Revision History ................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1. Product Overview 1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 9 1.2 MCP1640 Short Overview .............................................................................. 9 1.3 What is the MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design? ................................................................................. 11 1.4 What Does the MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design Kit Include? ............................................................... 11 Chapter 2. Installation and Operation 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Getting Started ............................................................................................. 15 Appendix A. Schematic and Layouts A.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 19 A.2 Board – Schematic ....................................................................................... 20 A.3 Board – Top Silk and Pads .......................................................................... 21 A.4 Board – Top Copper and Pads .................................................................... 22 A.5 Board – Bottom Copper and Pads ............................................................... 23 Appendix B. Bill of Materials Worldwide Sales and Service .................................................................................... 26 © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51999A-page 3 MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design NOTES: DS51999A-page 4 © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP1640 12V/50 mA TWO CELLS INPUT BOOST CONVERTER REFERENCE DESIGN Preface NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site (www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available. Documents are identified with a “DS” number. This number is located on the bottom of each page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is “DSXXXXXA”, where “XXXXX” is the document number and “A” is the revision level of the document. For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB® IDE online help. Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available online help files. INTRODUCTION This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using the MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design. Items discussed in this chapter include: • • • • • • Document Layout Conventions Used in this Guide Recommended Reading The Microchip Web Site Customer Support Document Revision History DOCUMENT LAYOUT This document describes how to use the MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design as a development tool to evaluate the MCP1640 device’s capability to boost low voltages to a high output value, using a single inductor. The manual layout is as follows: • Chapter 1. “Product Overview” – Important information about the MCP1640 Input Boost Converter. • Chapter 2. “Installation and Operation” – Includes instructions on how to get started with the MCP1640 Input Boost Converter and a description of the User’s Guide. • Appendix A. “Schematic and Layouts” – Shows the schematic and layout diagrams for the MCP1640 Input Boost Converter. • Appendix B. “Bill of Materials” – Lists the parts used to build the MCP1640 Input Boost Converter. © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51999A-page 5 MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE This manual uses the following documentation conventions: DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS Description Represents Examples Arial font: Italic characters Initial caps Quotes Underlined, italic text with right angle bracket Bold characters N‘Rnnnn Text in angle brackets < > Courier New font: Plain Courier New Referenced books Emphasized text A window A dialog A menu selection A field name in a window or dialog A menu path MPLAB® IDE User’s Guide ...is the only compiler... the Output window the Settings dialog select Enable Programmer “Save project before build” A dialog button A tab A number in verilog format, where N is the total number of digits, R is the radix and n is a digit. A key on the keyboard Click OK Click the Power tab 4‘b0010, 2‘hF1 Italic Courier New Sample source code Filenames File paths Keywords Command-line options Bit values Constants A variable argument Square brackets [ ] Optional arguments Curly brackets and pipe character: { | } Ellipses... Choice of mutually exclusive arguments; an OR selection Replaces repeated text Represents code supplied by user DS51999A-page 6 File>Save Press <Enter>, <F1> #define START autoexec.bat c:\mcc18\h _asm, _endasm, static -Opa+, -Opa0, 1 0xFF, ‘A’ file.o, where file can be any valid filename mcc18 [options] file [options] errorlevel {0|1} var_name [, var_name...] void main (void) { ... } © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Preface RECOMMENDED READING This user’s guide describes how to use the MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design. Other useful documents are listed below. The following Microchip document is available and recommended as a supplemental reference resource. • MCP1640/B/C/D Data Sheet – “0.65V Start-up Synchronous Boost Regulator with True Output Disconnect or Input/Output Bypass Option” (DS22234) THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE Microchip provides online support via our web site at www.microchip.com. This web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following information: • Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived software • General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program member listing • Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives CUSTOMER SUPPORT Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels: • • • • Distributor or Representative Local Sales Office Field Application Engineer (FAE) Technical Support Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer (FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document. Technical support is available through the web site at: http://www.microchip.com/support DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY Revision A (September 2011) • Initial Release of this Document. © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51999A-page 7 MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design NOTES: DS51999A-page 8 © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP1640 12V/50 mA TWO CELLS INPUT BOOST CONVERTER REFERENCE DESIGN Chapter 1. Product Overview 1.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides an overview of the MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design and covers the following topics: • MCP1640 Short Overview • What is the MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design? • What Does the MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design Kit Include? 1.2 MCP1640 SHORT OVERVIEW The MCP1640 device is a compact, high-efficiency, fixed frequency, step-up DC-DC converter. It provides an easy-to-use power supply solution, with a minimum number of external components, for applications powered by one-cell, two-cell, or three-cell alkaline, NiCd, NiMH, one-cell Li-Ion or Li-Polymer batteries. The MCP1640/C device automatically selects the best operating mode for efficiency, PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) or PFM (Pulse Frequency Modulation). The MCP1640B/D device is running in PWM mode only and is ideal for noise sensitive applications. It has a low quiescent current (19 µA, PFM mode typical), a wide input voltage range (0.35 to 5.5V) and a low start-up voltage (0.65V at 1 mA load current). The MCP1640 device consumes less than 1 µA in Shutdown mode. Microchip Technology Inc. provides the MCP1640 device in four variants, which help engineers to meet different system requirements. The devices and their available options are presented in Table 1-1. TABLE 1-1: PART NUMBER SELECTION PWM/PFM Mode PWM Mode True Output Disconnect Shutdown Option Input to Output Bypass Shutdown Option MCP1640 X — X — MCP1640B — X X — MCP1640C X — — X MCP1640D — X — X Part Number The MCP1640 is available in SOT23-6 and 8-LD DFN (2x3 mm) packages. For additional information on the MCP1640 device, refer to the “MCP1640/B/C/D Data Sheet” (DS22234). © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51999A-page 9 MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design 1.2.1 MCP1640 Key Features • Up to 96% Typical Efficiency • 800 mA Typical Peak Input Current Limit: - IOUT > 100 mA @ 1.2V VIN, 3.3V VOUT - IOUT > 350 mA @ 2.4V VIN, 3.3V VOUT - IOUT > 350 mA @ 3.3V VIN, 5.0V VOUT • Low Start-up Voltage: 0.65V, typical 3.3V VOUT @ 1 mA • Low Operating Input Voltage: 0.35V, typical 3.3VOUT @ 1 mA • Adjustable Output Voltage Range: 2.0V to 5.5V • Maximum Input Voltage ≤ VOUT < 5.5V • Automatic PFM/PWM Operation (MCP1640/C): - PFM Operation Disabled (MCP1640B/D) - PWM Operation: 500 kHz • Low Device Quiescent Current: 19 µA, typical PFM mode • Internal Synchronous Rectifier • Internal Compensation • Inrush Current Limiting and Internal Soft-Start • Selectable, Logic Controlled, Shutdown States: - True Load Disconnect Option (MCP1640/B) - Input to Output Bypass Option (MCP1640C/D) • Shutdown Current (All States): < 1 µA • Low Noise, Anti-Ringing Control • Overtemperature Protection L1 4.7 µH VIN 1.5V SW V OUT VIN Alkaline + - FIGURE 1-1: DS51999A-page 10 CIN 4.7 µF VOUT 3.3V @ 100 mA 536 KΩ VFB EN COUT 10 µF 309 KΩ GND Typical MCP1640 Single Cell Input Boost Converter. © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Product Overview 1.3 WHAT IS THE MCP1640 12V/50 mA TWO CELLS INPUT BOOST CONVERTER REFERENCE DESIGN? The MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design is designed to demonstrate the MCP1640 device’s high-voltage boost capability above its typical output range of 5.5V. This board boosts the low-voltage input to 12V and up to 70 mA load. By changing the sense resistors (RT and RB on Figure 1-2), a lower/higher output than 12V will be obtained. The MCP1640 Input Boost Converter was developed to help engineers reduce product design cycle time. At 2.0V input and 12V output, the board is capable of a maximum of 50 mA load current. The N-MOS switch is connected between the inductor and the main switch, allowing the application to output higher voltage (see Figure 1-2). The converter is configured as nonsynchronous; a Schottky diode is connected between the inductor and the High-Voltage Output (VOUT High). At start-up, MCP1640 starts as the current generator for the Output Capacitor (COUT). Because at this time, the internal N-MOS switch is OFF, a Start-up Resistor (RStart), connected in parallel with the N-MOS switch, should be used. LBoost Two Cells Input CIN VOUT High > 6V N-MOS Switch RStart SW VIN RT COUT Load FB VOUT RB EN GND FIGURE 1-2: MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design Block Diagram. 1.4 WHAT DOES THE MCP1640 12V/50 mA TWO CELLS INPUT BOOST CONVERTER REFERENCE DESIGN KIT INCLUDE? The MCP1640 Input Boost Converter kit includes: • MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design, 102-00386 • Important Information Sheet © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51999A-page 11 MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design NOTES: DS51999A-page 12 © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP1640 12V/50 mA TWO CELLS INPUT BOOST CONVERTER REFERENCE DESIGN Chapter 2. Installation and Operation 2.1 INTRODUCTION The MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design is developed to demonstrate how the MCP1640 device can operate as a high output voltage DC-DC converter when powered from two batteries. This reference design allows boosting from the input range of 2.0V-5V to an output higher than 5.5V of the typical MCP1640 application. High-voltage outputs, such as 9V, 12V or 24V, can be generated from just two alkaline cells. For this reference design, the output voltage is set at 12V. Typically, a minimum of a 50 mA load can be supported from a 2.0V input. The board can deliver more output current (up to 70 mA) if it is powered with 3.0V. A small 3x3x1 mm inductor offers a good efficiency of up to 75%. Good converter stability is obtained with the B option of MCP1640 (PWM Mode Only and True Output Disconnect options). 2.1.1 Board Features The MCP1640 Input Boost Converter has the following features: • Input Voltage: Two Alkaline or Lithium Cells, 2.0-3.0V Typical - Supports extended input range of 2.0V-5.0V • Output Capability: - Dependent on the input voltage - 12V/50 mA typical @ 2.0V input - 12V/70 mA @ 3.3V input • No Load Input Current: 0.2 mA @ 3.0V Input • Efficiency: up to 75% • PWM Operation at 500 kHz © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51999A-page 13 MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design 80.0 Efficiency (%) 75.0 70.0 65.0 60.0 VIN = 2.4V 55.0 VIN = 3.0V 50.0 50 0 45.0 40.0 10 Maximu um Load Current (mA) FIGURE 2-1: 3.0V Input. 20 30 40 Load Current (mA) 50 Efficiency vs. Load Current for 12V Output at 2.4V and 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 Input Voltage (V) FIGURE 2-2: DS51999A-page 14 Maximum Load Current vs. Input Voltage at 12V Output. © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Installation and Operation 2.2 GETTING STARTED The MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design is fully assembled and tested to evaluate and demonstrate the MCP1640 family of products. 2.2.1 Powering the MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design The extended input range of the MCP1640 Input Boost Converter is 2.0 to 5.0V input. Good efficiency is obtained by supplying from two cells (primary and secondary batteries). Input power connectors are placed on the left side of the board: • VIN for positive power • GND for negative power The maximum input voltage should not exceed 5.0V. The output voltage will be out of regulation for input voltages lower than 2.0V. The output connector is called VOUT and is referenced to GND. The minimum output current is 50 mA when the board is powered by two alkaline batteries that are close to the end of their run time, at approximately 1V each. 2.2.2 Board Testing Because this board is boosting the input voltage, the input current is greater than the output current. The variable power supply for testing requires output capability of at least 1A and a voltage range of 2.0V to 5V. To test the board, follow these steps: Set 3.0V PWR Supply FIGURE 2-3: Setup Circuit. 240R/0.5W 1. Connect the power at VIN and GND terminals of the board. 2. Set the power supply to 3.0V. 3. Connect a voltmeter and a 240Ω/0.5W resistor between VOUT and GND connectors, as shown in Figure 2-3. 4. Check to be sure the voltmeter indicates 12V. 5. Set the power supply to 2.0V and verify if the output of the converter stays regulated (VOUT = 12V). V-meter R MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51999A-page 15 MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design The board has several test points that help engineers analyze the switch node’s waveforms or MCP1640’s output: • The high-voltage switch node test point (SWH). • The test point of the MCP1640 device’s switch node (SWL). • VO test point shows the MCP1640 device’s VOUT pin (this output is unregulated). The difference between SWH and SWL signals is their amplitude. For 12V output, the amplitude of SWL is approximately 5V, while SWH shows the sum of MCP1640's SW node (SWL signal) and external n-channel MOS voltage. Figures 2-4 and 2-5 show the Discontinuous (25 mA load for 2.4V VIN) and Continuous mode waveforms (60 mA load at 2.4V VIN, where the inductor peak current is close to the maximum input peak current limit of the MCP1640 device, 800 mA). Once the 800 mA limit is reached, VOUT value is decreasing (goes out of regulation). The mean value of the inductor current (IL) is equal for a boost converter with the input current (except the current consumption of MCP1640). FIGURE 2-4: MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design Test Points (SWH, SWL), Inductor (I_L) and Load Current (I_OUT) Waveforms for 25 mA Load and 2.4V Input in Discontinuous Mode. DS51999A-page 16 © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Installation and Operation FIGURE 2-5: MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design Test Points (SWH, SWL), Inductor (IL) and Load Current (IOUT) Waveforms for 60 mA Load and 2.4V Input in Continuous mode. 2.2.3 How Does the MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design Works? The board was designed to boost low voltage from two alkaline cells or NiCd/NiMH cells to high voltage. The topology used in this reference design is adapting a low-voltage boost converter into a high-voltage boost converter using a single inductor, instead of using a flyback topology that requires a more expensive flyback transformer. Another advantage is that the switching voltage spikes are kept below the safe value, 6V, for MCP1640 device’s SW pin. The converter is configured as nonsynchronous; an external diode, D, is connected between the inductor and the high-voltage output (VOUT). The two sense resistors, RT and RB, set the output (VOUT) at 12.0V according to the following equation: EQUATION 2-1: V OUT R T = R B × ⎛ ------------- – 1⎞ ⎝ V FB ⎠ Where: Note: © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. VFB = 1.21V VFB = Reference voltage of the FB pin VOUT = 12.0V RB = Resistor’s value is selected by the designer The reference board is tested up to 24V output with a maximum load of 20 mA. The internal error amplifier is a transconductance type; its gain is not related to the feedback resistors’ values. DS51999A-page 17 MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design Attention should be paid to the values of the sense resistors. When testing the board for other output voltage, a potential issue with higher value resistors is environmental contamination, which can create a leakage current path on the PCB. This will affect the feedback voltage and the output voltage regulation. Engineers should use resistors that are larger than 1 MΩ with precaution. In normal humidity conditions, the VFB input leakage is very low and the resistors’ values will not affect the stability of the system. When the board is powered up, the internal MCP1640 device’s start-up logic circuitry turns the internal rectifying switch on until the output capacitor, connected at the VOUT pin (CL), is charged to a value close to the input voltage. During start-up, the rectifying switch limits the maximum current. Because at start-up, the external n-channel MOS (Q) transistor is OFF, a start-up resistor (RS) is bypassing it and the CL cap is supplied. MCP1640 starts switching, and the external N-MOS is turned on, cascading the internal N-MOS switch of the MCP1640 to work with high voltage, more than 6V. Notice that the MCP1640 is working internally as a synchronous rectifier and delivers on its output (Pin 5) a part of the total output power. This output is unregulated because the sense resistors, RT and RB, are connected to the high output voltage. The MCP1640 gets its start-up bias from VIN. Once the output exceeds the input, bias comes from the output. The CL capacitor is mandatory, because it smooths the output of MCP1640. This voltage is used to supply the internal blocks after start-up (including the compensation circuitry). In case of instability, a few mA loads may be required (RL is not populated on the board; for 12V output, use a 2k or 3k resistor). On the output of MCP1640 (VO test point), a maximum 5 mA load can be connected. Exceeding the load produces unregulated board VOUT. The board works well in Discontinuous mode. However, once entered into Continuous mode, VOUT goes out of regulation. There is no undervoltage lockout feature for the MCP1640 family of devices. The device will start up at the lowest voltage possible and run down to the lowest voltage possible. Note: DS51999A-page 18 Because this configuration is an nonsynchronous converter, the MCP1640 device’s features, true disconnect output and short-circuit protection, will be lost for this reference board. In case of a short circuit, inductor L, and diode D, can be broken. Notice that the MCP1640 will not be affected. © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP1640 12V/50 mA TWO CELLS INPUT BOOST CONVERTER REFERENCE DESIGN Appendix A. Schematic and Layouts A.1 INTRODUCTION This appendix contains the following schematics and layouts for the MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design: • • • • Board – Schematic Board – Top Silk and Pads Board – Top Copper and Pads Board – Bottom Copper and Pads © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51999A-page 19 MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design BOARD – SCHEMATIC MCP1640 VOUT Notes: * Do not populate in case of instability, use 2k or 3k resistors CIN 10µ L 4μ7 VIN 2 1 2µ2 10µ COUT VOUT A.2 DS51999A-page 20 © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Schematic and Layouts A.3 BOARD – TOP SILK AND PADS © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51999A-page 21 MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design A.4 BOARD – TOP COPPER AND PADS DS51999A-page 22 © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Schematic and Layouts A.5 BOARD – BOTTOM COPPER AND PADS © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51999A-page 23 MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design NOTES: DS51999A-page 24 © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP1640 12V/50 mA TWO CELLS INPUT BOOST CONVERTER REFERENCE DESIGN Appendix B. Bill of Materials TABLE B-1: Qty BILL OF MATERIALS (BOM)(1) Reference Description Manufacturer ® Part Number 1 CIN CAP. CER 10 µF 6.3V X5R 20% 0603 TDK Corporation C1608X5R0J106M 1 COUT CAP. CER 10 µF 16V X5R 0805 TDK Corporation C2012X5R1C106M 1 CL CAP. CER 2.2 µF 6.3V X5R 20% 0603 TDK Corporation C1608X5R0J225M 1 D SCHOTTKY RECT. 40V 0.5A SOD323 NXP Semiconductors PMEG4005AEA,115 ® 90121-0122 0 J1, J2 DO NOT POPULATE CONN. HEADER 2POS .100" R/A TIN Molex 1 L INDUCTOR POWER 4.7 µH 1.1A SMD TDK Corporation 1 PCB RoHS-compliant bare PCB, MCP1640 12V/50 mA Two Cells Input Boost Converter Reference Design 1 Q MOSFET N-CH 30V 2.2A SSOT3 Fairchild Semiconductor® FDN337N 1 RE RES. 1.0M OHM 1/10W 5% 0603 SMD Panasonic® – ECG ERJ-3GEYJ105V YAGEO® RC0603JR-07300RL — VLS3015ET-4R7M 104-00386 1 RS RES. 300 OHM 1/10W 5% 0603 SMD 0 RL DO NOT POPULATE RES. 1.0k OHM 1/10W 5% 0603 SMD Panasonic – ECG ERJ-3GEYJ102V 1 RB RES. 180k OHM 1/10W .5% 0603 SMD YAGEO RT0603DRD07180KL 1 RT RESISTOR 1.60M OHM 1/10W 1% 0603 Panasonic – ECG 1 U1 MCP1640 PWM Synchronous Boost Converter – SOT23-6 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP1640BT-I/CHY 4 VIN, VOUT, GND(s) PC TEST POINT TIN SMD Harwin PLC. 4 Note 1: — 3M – SJ5382TRANS – FEET, STICK ON, 3M PK144 ERJ-3EKF1604V S1751-46R SJ5382TRANS The components listed in this Bill of Materials are representative of the PCB assembly. The released BOM, used in manufacturing, uses all RoHS-compliant components. © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. 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