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Process Gas Chromatographs
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Introduction
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MAXUM edition II
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MicroSAM
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SITRANS CV
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
Introduction
■ Overview
Process gas chromatography is one of the most powerful
measuring and analysis methods for process engineering. It is a
procedure which is both discrete and extractive. This procedure
is frequently used for online monitoring of processes since the
sequences are easy to automate and a large number of components can be measured simultaneously.
Process gas chromatography can be used to separate and
quantify the components of almost all homogenous gaseous or
liquid mixtures. It must be possible to vaporize the liquid components without decomposition. The individual components of a
discrete sample pass through the column system at different
velocities, and are recorded in succession by a detector.
3
The time between sample introduction and registering of a
substance at the detector (the retention time) is characteristic of
the substance and is used to identify it. The magnitude of the
detector signal is a measure of the volume concentration of the
component in the gas or liquid.
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© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
■ Overview
■ Benefits
MAXUM edition II with its combination of different analytical
components offers a wide range of analytical possibilities. It is
therefore possible to solve highly different measuring tasks with
just one product. This reduces the costs for investment, training
and stocking of spare parts.
The MAXUM edition II is a universal process gas chromatograph
for flexible process applications with a wide variety of analytical
possibilities. The MAXUM edition II combines various functional
modules with a flexible oven concept and can therefore also
optimally solve complex applications.
The MAXUM edition II is used in all sectors of the chemical
industry, petrochemicals and refineries. It analyzes the chemical
composition of gases and liquids in all production phases. The
MAXUM edition II is suitable for installation in an analysis cabinet
close to the process or in a close laboratory. Thanks to the
flexible application possibilities, it can be used to analyze the
initial material, the end product and also secondary products.
The MAXUM edition II can also be used for many applications
with environmental measurements.
The MAXUM edition II has extremely rugged and specially
designed hardware and software. It automatically takes a
sample from the process, and injects this onto the chromatographic columns.
The MAXUM edition II platform offers:
• Numerous oven configurations permit an optimum solution for
almost every application
• Numerous types of detector and valve for the optimum
analytical solution
• Intelligent electronics, local operation and central workstation
for fast and simple operation, monitoring and maintenance
• Powerful software for best results
• Comprehensive I/Os and serial interfaces for internal and
central interfacing
• Versatile networking possibilities for central maintenance and
secure data transfer
• Many analytical possibilities as result of large application
database
• Large and experienced support team provides global support
Hardware and software features
Simultaneous applications
Use one MAXUM edition II to provide the functionality of multiple
GCs.
Parallel chromatography
Separate complex analytical tasks into simple parallel tasks and
shorten analysis times.
Low operating costs
Flexible oven concept results in low consumption of air and
energy.
With its powerful software and hardware, it satisfies the highest
demands for measurement repeatability, and can be operated
for a long time without manual interventions. Using powerful
communications tools, the MAXUM edition II can send its results
to process control systems. The comprehensive networking
facilities can be applied to use several MAXUM edition II
chromatographs together in large networks.
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© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
■ Application
3
Chemical industry
• Monitoring of benzene in styrene in the ppb range
• Traces of residual gases in ultra-pure gases
• Determination of traces of hydrocarbons in air separation
plants
• Fast analysis of CS2 and H2S in seconds
• Fast measurement of C6 to C8 aromatic compounds including
the measurement of C9+ aromatics
• Monitoring of hydrogen in chlor-alkali plants
• Measurement of sulfurous components
• Measurement of C9 to C18 paraffins
• Determination of vinyl chloride in room air in a 60-second
cycle
• Gas analysis during manufacture of vinyl chloride monomer
(VCM)
Extension of functionality
Network Access Unit (NAU)
• A MAXUM edition II without analytical section
• Available with or without HMI
• Has 7 slots for optional I/O plug-in cards
• Offers central MODBUS connection of several chromatographs to the control system
■ Function
Supply with carrier gas, combustion gas and auxiliary gases
A gas chromatograph must be supplied with carrier gas and,
if applicable, combustion gas and other auxiliary gases
depending on the analytical configuration. The carrier gas is
used to transport the sample through the analytical system.
Auxiliary gases are used to operate valves, as combustion
gases for flame ionization detectors, and to purge the oven.
Injection system
Oil & gas
• Crack gas analysis
• Natural gas: Trace analysis for components such as
mercaptans, H2S or COS
• Fast determination of benzene in naphtha
• Determination of high boiling aromatics in a distillation fraction
• Fast measurement of acetylene in ethylene
• Total sulfur in petrol and diesel
The injection system is the link between the continuous process
stream and the discrete analytical process. It is responsible for
injecting an exactly defined portion of the sample in a reproducible and pulsed manner (as far as possible) into the carrier
gas stream.
Water/waste water
• Determination of halogenated hydrocarbons
• Simultaneous determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons,
aromatics and alcohols in water
• Wastewater monitoring with PGC and stripper
Gas injection valves
Power engineering
• Power generation in coal-fired power plant.
Automotive industry
• Fast analytical measurement of methane in car exhausts
• High-speed chromatography for small molecules in propellants
■ Design
Chromatographic measuring equipment consists of a sampling
system matched to the application, sample preparation with
switchover to various sample streams if necessary, and the gas
chromatograph with the analytical and electronic hardware as
well as data processing, operation and communications
software.
The MAXUM edition II gas chromatograph is divided into three
sections depending on the version:
• The upper section contains the electronics with the power
supply, controllers and analog electronics
• The middle section contains the pneumatics and some of the
detectors (not with MAXUM edition II modular oven version)
• The bottom section contains the oven and the complete
analytical components responsible for the separation
The MAXUM edition II is available prepared for wall mounting or
for free mounting on a rack.
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The injection can be carried out in the conventional manner
using valves or by means of a live injection:
• Gaseous samples (0.1 to 5 ml)
• Completely vaporizable liquid samples (0.1 to 10 µl)
Model 50 10-port valve:
• Combined gas injection and backflushing valve
• Activation by pressure on the membrane without moving parts
• Can be used as gas injection valve or for column switching (6port connection)
• > 3 million switching cycles without maintenance
Model 11 6-port valve:
• Can be used as gas injection valve, liquid injection valve or for
column switching
• Membrane controlled by tappet
• One million switching cycles without maintenance
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
Liquid injection valve FDV
Live injection add-on part
A constant quantity of a liquid sample can be automatically
injected using the liquid injection valve, and subsequently
vaporized rapidly and completely. The valve can also be used to
inject small volumes of gas.
Flexible selection of the injection volume which is exactly
matched to the analytical tasks and the requirements of the
columns is possible with the live injection add-on part.
The liquid injection valve consists of three sections:
• Thermostatically-controlled vaporization system
• Sample passage section with seal
• Pneumatic drive
Carrier gas
PCG
NV-
NV+
Air
SV1
Q+
3
Q-
Sample
DV
Carrier gas
Sample
A
Heating
NV1
WLD
R
M
Split
NV Needle valve
SV Solenoid valve
PCG Pressure regulator
DV Injection valve
A
Live switching
Live injection
Liquid injection valve FDV
Features:
• Vaporization temperature 60 to 350 °C
• Injection volume 0.1 to 9.5 μl
• Sample temperature -20 to +150 °C
• Material of parts wetted by sample: Stainless steel, mat.
no. 1.4571, Hastelloy, Monel or special materials
• Control pressure 400 to 600 hPa
• Max. sample pressure 6 000 kPa, recommended 50 to
100 kPa
• Connections for pipe: 3.14 mm (1/8") outer diameter
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© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
Oven
A further important factor for the separating performance is the
temperature This has a very high influence on the vapor
pressure of the individual components, and thus on the diffusion
and the distribution equilibrium between the mobile and
stationary phases in the column. This influences the retention
times, and thus the identification of components. Therefore very
high demands are placed on the temperature stability and
repeatability of the oven and also on that of the injection
equipment and the detectors.
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temperature is continuously increased according to a selectable
heating-up rate. This method (PTGC) is available with the
MAXUM edition II.
The internal oven consists of a chamber with low thermal
capacity located within the standard oven. It contains the
capillary column used for the separation.
Two different types of oven are available:
The ovens have separate, independent temperature control. The
temperature of the internal oven is freely-programmable. The
temperature changes according to the time-dependent profile
assigned to the respective analysis. Up to three linear ramps
and four constant periods can be configured.
Airless oven for extremely stable isothermal oven temperatures
(0.02 °C control accuracy) up to 80 °C (modular oven) or 280 °C
depending on the version.
It is then possible to determine components with low and high
boiling points in one analysis. Existing laboratory applications
can be opened up by PTGC for use in the process industry.
Airbath oven for
• isothermal (5 to 225 °C) or
• temperature-programmed mode
"Simulated distillation" is an important application of PTGC in
refineries. The distillation range - a quality criterion for fuels - is
chromatographically traced "online".
Columns
Both types of oven are available as
• single ovens or
• dual ovens.
With the dual ovens, two separate heating circuits provide
independent oven temperatures. It is then possible to use two
different temperatures for the respectively installed columns for
one application or to carry out two or more applications in one
chromatograph with different temperatures for the separation.
In order to measure sample components with highly different
volatilities, a temperature program is frequently used for the
chromatographic separation. In this case the column
The columns are the central component of the chromatograph.
They resolve the gas mixture or the vaporized liquid into its
individual components. The following distinction is made:
• Packed/micropacked columns with inner diameter of 0.75 to
3 mm
• Capillary columns with inner diameter of 0.15 to 0.53 mm
Packed columns are mechanically stable and simple to handle.
Capillary columns have a significantly higher separating performance, often with a shorter analysis period and lower analysis
temperature.
Packed columns
Internal diameter 0.75 ... 3 mm
Capillary columns
Internal diameter 0.15 ... 0.53 mm
(narrow, normal and wide bore)
Geometry
narrow-bore 0.15 mm
Packed column 3 mm
narrow-bore 0.32 mm
wide-bore 0.53 mm
Solid stationary phases
Adsorptive change effect
Liquid stationary phases
Distribution, solubility
Filling
Types of column
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© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
Column switching systems
Process chromatographs are almost always equipped with
column switching functions. Column switching is understood to
be the combination of several columns in the carrier gas path
which are arranged in succession or parallel. These columns
usually have different separating performances, and are interconnected by valves for switching over the gas path.
A distinction is made between backflushing, cut and distribution.
A wide range of techniques is available for column switching.
The techniques comprise highly stable membrane gas valves,
membrane piston valves, sliding vane rotary valves and also
valveless switching techniques.
Valves
Model 50 10-port valve:
• Combined gas injection and backflushing valve
• Activation by pressure on the membrane without moving parts
• Switches gas samples at an overpressure of 0 to 500 kPa
• Can be used as gas injection valve or for column switching
(6-port connection)
• > 3 million switching cycles without maintenance
Model 11 6-port valve:
• Can be used as gas injection valve, liquid injection valve or for
column switching
• Membrane controlled by tappet
• One million switching cycles without maintenance
Valveless switching technique
The valveless live column switching is exactly controlled by
electronic pressure regulators, and prevents falsification of
results since the sample does not come into contact with valves.
A special pressure-controlled coupling element connects the
capillary columns.
This technique is optimally suitable for capillary columns, and
offers the best long-term stability and reliability. Live column
switching is a technique where backflushing, cut or distribution
is carried out on two different columns without any switching of
valves or other moving components in the separation path.
This is achieved using a unique coupling unit, the live T-piece.
Its function is based on pressure difference control regulated by
the electronic precision pressure controllers of the MAXUM
edition II. Because there is no dead volume whatsoever, it is
ideally suitable for the low flow rates used with capillary
columns. Maintenance of the column switching configuration is
then superfluous, the separating performance is improved, and
complicated separating procedures are simplified.
D
D
D
D
Straight forward
Backflushing
Backflushing
summation
Cut
D
D
D
Distribution
(one detector)
(two detectors)
Column switching systems (examples)
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© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
&RQWUROJDV
6DPSOHJDV
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Live switching
Solenoid valve control module
• Contains all control elements in one module in order to reduce
downtimes during repairs to a minimum
• Has 3-way and 4-way distributors for control of many different
types of valve
• Uses separate, plug-on pipe connectors to permit implementation of variable gas supplies
Detectors
Electronic pressure controller module (EPC)
• Permits exact control of pressure without mechanical pressure
regulator. Shortens the setup time since the pressure is set by
an operator input.
• Permits programmable pressure changes for fast chromatography and modern applications.
• Controls the supply of carrier gas and combustion gas. Avoids
drift and deviations which can occur with mechanical
pressure control.
The detector modules described above can be combined
together in many different manners in the MAXUM edition II.
• A maximum of three detector modules can be used in the
airbath oven.
• Up to three modules (depending on the type) can be used in
the airless oven, the dual airless oven and the ovens with
temperature programming.
• Thermal conductivity detectors (TCD) are used in the modular
oven system.
• In the case of multiple modules such as the TCD, the
measuring cells can be operated in parallel at offset times in
order e.g. to increase the number of analyses within a specific
time.
• Multiple modules can each be used with a column system for
one sample stream. This shortens the total cycle time with
multi-stream applications.
• Parallel use of two identical column systems provides
redundant measurements which can be compared with each
other, thus reducing the necessity for calibration.
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Thermal conductivity detectors (TCD) and flame ionization
detectors (FID) are mainly used in process chromatography.
Specific detectors such as flame photometer detector (FPD),
electron capture detector (ECD), photo-ionization detector
(PID), or helium ionization detector (HID) are used to a lesser
extent.
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
Detector
Measured value
dependent on:
Selectivity
Application example
Concentration
Universal
Main and subsidiary
components
Mass flow
Thermally ionizable components at < 1 000 °C
Hydrocarbons
3
Mass flow
Substances containing
S or P
Traces of sulfur in HC matrices
Mass flow
Universal
(except He and Ne)
Ultra-pure gas analysis
Mass flow
Molecules with
electronegative groups
Traces of halogenated
hydrocarbons
Mass flow
Selective, dependent on
ionization potential
Traces of aromatic compounds,
amines
3'+,'
3'(&'
3'3,'
Suitable detectors for process gas chromatography
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
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© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
Thermal conductivity detectors (TCD)
Pulsed discharge detector (PDD)
The measuring principle of the TCD is based on the difference
between the thermal conductivity of a pure carrier gas stream
and that of a gas mixture containing carrier gas and a
component eluted from the column. Therefore all components
whose thermal conductivity differs from that of the pure carrier
gas can be detected by a TCD.
The detector can be used in three different versions: HID (helium
ionization detector), ECD (electron capture detector) and PID
(photo ionization detector). Installation in the Maxum GC is
possible without further modification, and the detector can only
be used in non-hazardous areas. The PDD uses stable, pulsed
DC discharges in helium as the ionization source. The detector's
performance data is equal to or better than that of detectors
which use radioactive ionization sources. Since a radioactive
source is not used, the complex directives for radiation
protection need not be observed by the customer.
• PDHID (helium ionization detector)
The PDHID works almost destruction-free with an ionization
rate of 0.01 to 0.1 %, and has a high sensitivity. The sensitivity
for organic components is linear over five orders of
magnitude, and the detection limit is in the low ppb range. The
PDHID can be used universally for organic and inorganic
components, with the exception of helium and neon.
• PDECD (electron capture detector)
In electron capture mode, sample components with a high
electron affinity can be selectively detected, such as halogenated hydrocarbons. The detector's properties and sensitivity
are comparable with those of a 63Ni ECD. It is necessary to
use a supplementary gas in this mode (recommended:
3 % xenon in helium).
• PDPID (photo ionization detector)
A supplementary gas must also be used in this mode.
Addition of 1-3 vol% of argon, krypton or xenon to the auxiliary
gas leads to kinetic excitation of the added gas. The detector
is used in this configuration for selective detection of aliphatic
compounds, aromatic compounds and amines. The selectivity or energy level can be determined through the choice of
added gas. The sensitivity in this mode is limited to sample
components whose ionization potential is below the kinetic
emission energy of the added gas.
TCDs always consist of one to three measuring cells and one or
two reference cells which are electrically heated and contain
wire resistors or thermistors connected in a Wheatstone bridge.
3
The amount of heat transferred to the cells is the same as long
as pure carrier gas flows through the measuring and reference
cells. The resistances are therefore also very similar, and the
bridge resistors are balanced. If a mixture of carrier gas and
sample component flows through the sample chamber, the
change in thermal conductivity of the gas mixture also changes
the amount of heat transferred and thus the temperature and
resistance of the heating wires or thermistors in the sample
chamber.
The resulting offset in the bridge circuit is directly proportional to
the current concentration of the sample component in the carrier
gas stream.
Versions of TCDs:
• Thermistor detector
• Filament detector
Both detectors are available for universal use, and the filament
detector can also be used at higher temperatures. The thermistor detector is available as a block with 6 measuring detectors
and two reference detectors. The filament detector has a
measuring cell and a reference cell.
Flame ionization detector (FID)
With the flame ionization detector (FID), the gas leaving the
column is burnt in a constantly burning hydrogen flame. If this
gas mixture contains thermally ionizable components, e.g.
flammable organic compounds, ions are generated when the
compounds are burnt. These ions can transport charges which
change (increase) the conductivity of the gas in the vicinity of the
flame. In order to measure the conductivity or the number of
ions, these can be collected at an electrode.
An electrode voltage is applied between the nozzle from which
the flame burns and the electron collector positioned above it.
The resulting current is amplified, and is the measured signal.
In contrast to the TCD (concentration-dependent signal), the
signal with the FID is proportional to the mass flow of the components.
The FID features a linear range of 6 to 7 powers of ten, and
permits detection limits of less than 0.1 ppm (referred e.g. to the
concentration of the hydrocarbon in the sample). Nonflammable components or those which only thermally ionize with
difficulty (e.g. inert gases and water), or components which do
not indicate thermal ionization at approx. 1 700 °C, cannot be
measured with the FID.
In addition to the carrier gas, hydrogen and air are required as
the flame gases to operate this detector.
Flame photometer detector (FPD)
Further detector principles are used for determination of trace
concentrations of specific components. For example, the flame
photometer detector is used to determine traces of compounds
containing sulfur or phosphor. The emission of light of characteristic wavelengths is measured when burning the substances in
a reducing hydrogen flame.
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Accessories: Catalytic air purifier
Instrument air is usually contaminated by traces of hydrocarbons. If this air is used as the combustion gas for a flame
ionization detector (FID), the impurities are evident as disturbing
background noise.
The catalytic air purifier eliminates interfering impurities of hydrocarbons in the combustion air for the FID detector. The products
of the catalytic oxidation (H2O, CO2) have no influence on the
detector. Use of the catalytic air purifier significantly reduces the
background noise. It has a flameproof enclosure and is therefore
explosion-proof.
The air within the purifier is passed through a spiral lined with
palladium. This metal spiral is heated up to approx. 600 °C.
Palladium has a high activity at this temperature, and almost
complete catalytic oxidation is achieved despite the short dwell
time. The air subsequently passes through a cooling loop, and
is output purified and cooled.
Parallel chromatography
This function divides a complex application into several simple
sub-applications which are analyzed in parallel. This reduces
the cycle times.
The hardware and software of the MAXUM edition II allows a
complex chromatographic analysis to be divided into several
simple analyses. Each of these simple analyses can then be
simultaneously executed in parallel. This not only simplifies the
complete analysis, it can also be carried out faster and with
greater reliability. In addition, maintenance of the simplified
analyses is easier and faster.
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
State-of-the-art communication
Compatibility
TCP/IP communication and standard Ethernet hardware mean
that MAXUM edition II is compatible with many networks.
MAXUM edition II is compatible with all older types of chromatograph from Siemens: Advance Maxum.
Software
Application
For simple operation and maintenance, MAXUM edition II offers
an online software system with local operation over an HMI and
a flexible GUI accessible using a computer workstation.
Certain parameters must be observed during application and
subsequent operation of the MAXUM edition II. It can then be
determined qualitatively whether the task is fulfilled. The basic
prerequisite for this is that all components can be detected and
clearly isolated from the interfering components. Important
parameters are: Analysis period, measuring ranges, detection
limits and repeatability of the results.
The online software system is installed in every MAXUM edition II
or NAU and includes:
• Embedded EZChrom evaluation
• Embedded MaxBasic in the runtime version
• Communications software, network software, I/O driver in
order to operate the gas chromatograph
The PC Workstation Software Gas Chromatograph Portal
comprises:
• MAXUM edition II workstation tools:
• NetworkView to provide an overview of the network
• Method builder
• MMI maintenance panel emulator
• Data logger
• Modbus utility
• Backup and restore utilities
• Online system download utilities
• Online help and documentation
3
and optional packages for individual ordering, e.g.:
• MaxBasic editor
• Simulated distillation method
• OPC communications server
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© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
■ Technical specifications
MAXUM edition II classic oven
Configuration
Oven options
• Single isothermal oven or divided
oven with two independent isothermal zones
• Single oven or two independent,
airless ovens. The dual version has
two separate oven areas with separate doors which operate completely independently.
Detector modules for
Thermal conductivity, flame ionization, flame photometry, helium ionization, photo-ionization and
electron capture
Number of detector modules
• 1, 2 or 3 in any combination of
detector module types for airbath
ovens
• 1, or 2 in any combination of detector module types for airless ovens,
up to 3 in special configurations
Comparison measurement with
external standard
Manual or automatic
Automatic baseline correction
Standard sample cylinder (single or
multipoint calibration possible)
Sampling and column valves
Diaphragm valves, diaphragm piston valves, sliding vane rotary
valves, slider valves, or liquid injection valve
Valveless option
Live switching
Columns
Packed, micropacked or capillary
columns
• Spacing on left: 460 mm from walls
and other devices
• Spacing on right: 460 mm in all
cases
• Spacing at front: 654 mm in all
cases
• Wall-mounted units
• Center-to-center: 1 120 mm in all
cases
Regulation of gas supply
Up to 8 electronic pressure regulator channels and up to 6 mechanical
pressure regulators
General
Smallest measuring ranges
(depending on application)
• Thermal conductivity:
0 ... 500 ppm
• Flame ionization: 0 ... 1 ppm
Temperature range in oven
Application-specific, depending on
temperature class 5 ... 350 °C
depending on oven version and
temperature class
Temperature control
± 0.02 °C
EMI/RFI design
• CE-compatible; certified according to 2004/108/EC
(EMC directive)
• CE-compatible; certified
according to 2006/95/EC
(low-voltage directive)
• Tested according to
EN 61010-1 / IEC 1010-1
3
Calibration
• Type
• Zero value
• Span
Design, enclosure
Mounting
Electrical characteristics
Power supply
• Single-phase AC, 100 ... 130 V
or 195 ... 260 V (selectable),
47 … 63 Hz
• Single oven: max. 14 A
• Dual oven: 2 circuits,
max. 14 A each
Weight
77 kg
Degree of protection
IP54, Category 2
Gas inlet conditions
Danger class
Standard configurations:
• Certified according to ATEX with
air or nitrogen purging for Zones 1
and 2 (II2G Ex ... IIB + H2 ... Gb)
• Suitable for use in non-hazardous
areas and with non-dangerous
conditions
• Certified according to CSA C/US
for use in Class 1, Div. 1, Groups
B, C, D with air or nitrogen purging
• Certified according to CSA C/US
for use in Class 1, Div. 2, Groups
B, C, D.
Sample flow
5 ... 100 ml/min (depending on
application)
Sample filter size
0.1 ... 5 µm with gaseous samples
depending on type of valve
Max. 0.3 µm with liquid samples
Minimum sample pressure
35 kPa, standard
Maximum sample pressure
200 kPa standard, higher pressure
as option
Maximum sample temperature
121 °C standard; higher temperature as option
Important note!
Materials wetted by sample
Stainless steel and Teflon; other
materials as option
Use in non-hazardous areas
requires purging of the electronics
area with air or nitrogen.
PDD is not certified for hazardous
areas.
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Siemens AP 01 · 2015
Liquid injection (valve)
Vaporization temperature
60 ... 350 °C depending on application and temperature class
Injection volume
0.1 ... 9.5 μl
Sample temperature
-20 ... +150 °C
Material of parts wetted by sample
Stainless steel, mat. no. 1.4571,
Hastelloy, Monel or special materials
Control pressure
400 ... 600 kPa
Sample pressure
Max. 6 000 kPa, recommended
50 ... 100 kPa
Connections for pipe
3.14 mm (1/8") outer diameter
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
Measuring response
Climatic conditions
Sensitivity (depending on application)
± 0.5 % of span
Linearity (depending on application)
± 2 % of span
Effects of vibrations
Negligible
Repeatability in % of full span between
2 and 100 %: ± 0.5 %;
Ambient temperature
Gas supply
Instrument air
• At least 350 kPa for units with
valves Model 11 or Valco
• At least 825 kPa for units with
valves Model 50
• At least 175 kPa for airbath ovens;
85 l/min per oven
• No instrument air for fan-free ovens
Carrier gas
• Nitrogen or helium in compressed
gas cylinder, purity 99.998 %, or
hydrogen with a purity of 99.999 %
(depending on application).
• Typical consumption quantity:
5 100 l/month per detector module
Combustion gas
• Hydrogen with a purity of 99.999 %
• Typical consumption quantity:
2 000 l/month per detector
module
0.05 and 2 %: ± 1 %;
50 and 500 ppm: ± 2 %;
5 and 50 ppm: ± 3 %;
0.5 and 5 ppm: ± 5 %
Detection limits
See detectors
Influencing variables
Effects of ambient temperature
None with electronic pressure control
Different effects with mechanical
pressure control (depending on
application)
-18 ... 50 °C
application-dependent
Electrical inputs and outputs
Standard input and output
• 2 analog outputs;
• 4 digital outputs (1 for output of
system faults, 3 are user-configurable);
• 4 digital inputs;
• 3 serial outputs
Combustion air
• Reference air (< 1 ppm THC,
O2 concentration 20 … 21 %).
Supply through instrument air with
catalytic purification (optional).
• Typical consumption quantity:
26 000 l/month
Card slots for optional inputs and
outputs via internal I2C bus
2
Corrosion protection
Input and output cards
A IO 8: 8 analog outputs, 8 analog
inputs, 2 digital inputs
• Purging with dry air to protect the
electronics
• Air bath oven with stainless steel
lining
• Airless oven made of aluminum
• Steel lining painted on outside
(epoxy powder coating)
D IO: 6 digital inputs and 8 digital
outputs
Digital inputs
Digital outputs
AD I/O: 4 digital inputs and 4 digital
outputs, 4 analog inputs and 4 analog outputs
Communication
Serial output
RS 232, RS 485, e.g. Modbus
Optocoupler with internal power
supply (12 … 24 V DC); switchable
by dry contacts.
Ethernet
Standard 10/100 BaseT Ethernet
with 4 RJ 45 connectors
e.g. Modbus TCP IP or OPC
Alternative: switchable by external
power supply 12 … 24 V DC (only
dry relay contacts), external power
supply, negative connection linked
to ground, for a specific digital
input.
Optional
Dry changeover contacts, max. contact rating:
Scalance network components e.g.
for redundant connections.
ESBF board
Fiber-optic 100Base FX multimode
with ST connection
3 x RJ45 and 1 x optical or
1 A with 30 V DC.
Diode bypass suppression should
be used for inductive loads.
Analog inputs
-20 ... +20 mA into 50 Ω or
-10 ... +10 V Rin = 0.1 MΩ, alternate
insulation up to 100 V
Analog outputs
0/4 ... 20 mA into max. 750 Ω, common negative pole, electrically isolated from ground; freelyconnectable to ground
Termination
Screw terminal for shielded or solid
cable with a maximum area of
18 AWG or 0.82 mm2
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
3/13
3
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
MAXUM edition II modular oven
Configuration
General
3
Smallest measuring ranges
(depending on application)
• Only for gaseous sample
• Thermal conductivity:
0 ... 500 ppm
Temperature range in oven
Application-specific, depending on
temperature class 60 ... 80 °C
depending on application temperature class T4
Temperature control
± 0.02 °C
EMI/RFI design
• CE-compatible; certified
according to 2004/108/EC
(EMC directive)
• CE-compatible; certified
according to 2006/95/EC
(low-voltage directive)
• Tested according to
EN 61010-1 / IEC 1010-1
Comparison measurement with
external standard
Manual or automatic
Automatic baseline correction
Standard sample cylinder (single or
multipoint calibration possible)
Calibration
• Type
• Zero value
• Span
Design, enclosure
Single oven or two independent, airless ovens. Optionally small oven for
one small analytical module, large
oven for two small analytical modules or one large analytical module.
Two small ovens, two large ovens or
any combination of 2 ovens is possible. Each dual oven version has two
separate oven areas with separate
doors which operate completely
independently.
Detector modules for
Thermal conductivity
Detectors
1 4-cell TCD for small analytical
modules and 1- or 2 4-cell TCD for
large analytical modules
Sampling and column valves
Diaphragm valves Model 50
small analytical module with 1 x M50
large analytical module with
1, 2 or 3 x M50
Columns
Packed, micropacked or metal
capillary columns
Regulation of gas supply
Up to 6 electronic pressure regulator channels and up to 4 mechanical
pressure regulators
Electrical characteristics
• Spacing on left: 460 mm from walls
and other devices
• Spacing on right: 460 mm in all
cases
• Spacing at front: 654 mm in all
cases
• Wall-mounted units
• Center-to-center: 1 120 mm in all
cases
Mounting
Oven options
Power supply
• Single-phase AC, 85 ... 264 V,
47 … 63 Hz
• Max. 655 VA, nominal 280 VA
Optional:
24 V DC ± 10 % 10 A with 32 V
voltage limiting
Weight
60 kg
Max. 100 mV residual ripple and
interferences minimum to maximum
at 20 MHz
Degree of protection
IP54, Category 1
Fusing at max. 20 A
Danger class
Standard configurations:
• Certified according to ATEX with
air or nitrogen purging for Zones 1
and 2 (II2G Ex ... IICT 4 Gb)
• Suitable for use in non-hazardous
areas and with non-dangerous
conditions
• Certified according to CSA C/US
for use in Class 1, Div. 1, Groups
B, C, D with air or nitrogen purging
• Certified according to CSA C/US
for use in Class 1, Div. 2, Groups
B, C, D.
External 24 V supply must accept
minus to ground
Gas inlet conditions
Sample flow
5 ... 100 ml/min
(depending on application)
Sample filter size
0.1 µm with gaseous samples
Minimum sample pressure
35 kPa, standard
Maximum sample pressure
200 kPa standard, higher pressure
as option
Maximum sample temperature
80 °C maximum
Important note!
Materials wetted by sample
Use in non-hazardous areas
requires purging of the electronics
area with air or nitrogen.
Stainless steel, aluminum, Viton,
polyimide and Teflon
Measuring response
Sensitivity (depending on application)
± 0.5 % of span
Linearity (depending on application)
± 2 % of span
Effects of vibrations
Negligible
Repeatability in % of full span between
2 and 100 %: ± 0.5 %;
0.05 and 2 %: ± 1 %;
50 and 500 ppm: ± 2 %;
5 and 50 ppm: ± 3 %;
0.5 and 5 ppm: ± 5 %
Detection limits
3/14
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
See detectors
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
Influencing variables
Effects of ambient temperature
Climatic conditions
None with electronic pressure
control
Different effects with mechanical
pressure control (depending on
application)
Electrical inputs and outputs
Standard input and output
• 2 digital outputs (1 for output of
system faults, 1 is user-configurable);
• 2 serial outputs, 1 x RS 232/RS
485, 1 x RS 485
Card slots for optional inputs and
outputs via internal I2C bus
2
Input and output cards
A IO 8: 8 analog outputs, 8 analog
inputs, 2 digital inputs
Ambient temperature
Instrument air
• At least 825 kPa for units with
valves Model 50
• No instrument air for fan-free ovens
Carrier gas
• Nitrogen or helium in compressed
gas cylinder, purity 99.998 %, or
hydrogen with a purity of 99.999 %
(depending on application).
• Typical consumption quantity:
5 100 l/month per detector
module
Corrosion protection
• Purging with dry air to protect the
electronics
• Air bath oven with stainless steel
lining
• Airless oven made of aluminum
• Steel lining painted on outside
(epoxy powder coating)
D IO: 6 digital inputs and 8 digital
outputs
AD I/O: 4 digital inputs and 4 digital
outputs, 4 analog inputs and 4 analog outputs
Digital inputs
Optocoupler with internal power
supply 24 V; switchable by dry contacts.
Alternative: switchable by external
power supply 12 … 24 V DC (only
dry relay contacts), external power
supply, negative connection linked
to ground, for a specific digital
input.
Digital outputs
Dry changeover contacts,
max. contact rating:
1 A with 30 V DC.
-18 ... 50 °C
Gas supply
Communication
Serial output
RS 232, RS 485, e.g. Modbus
Ethernet
Standard 10/100 BaseT Ethernet
with 2 RJ 45 connectors
e.g. Modbus TCP IP or OPC
Optional
ESBF board
Fiber-optic 100Base FX multimode
with ST connection
3 x RJ45 and 1 x optical or
Scalance network components e.g.
for redundant connections.
Diode bypass suppression should
be used for inductive loads.
Analog inputs
-20 ... +20 mA into 50 Ω or
-10 ... +10 V Rin = 0.1 MΩ, alternate
insulation up to 100 V
Analog outputs
0/4 ... 20 mA into max. 750 Ω, common negative pole, electrically isolated from ground; freelyconnectable to ground
Termination
Screw terminal for shielded or solid
cable with a maximum area of
18 AWG or 0.82 mm2
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
3/15
3
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
■ Selection and ordering data
Please contact your Siemens sales partner to order a device.
■ Dimensional drawings
s
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3
Notes: Only for airbath oven:
Left outlet for applications with one single oven
Left and right outlets for applications with divided oven
MAXUM edition II, dimensions in mm
3/16
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MAXUM edition II
788
711
411
th|t
683
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51
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MAXUM edition II modular oven, dimensions in mm
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
3/17
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MicroSAM
■ Overview
■ Application
Chemical industry
• Analysis of ethylene in 1.2-dichloroethane (EDC) for process
control
• Fast determination of nitrogen in acetylene for process control
• Hydrocarbon analysis of starting product (LPG) of a cracker
• Safety measurement of ethylene oxide during unloading of
tankers
• Multicomponent analysis in ethylene oxide
• Analysis of methanol, water and dimethylether in a pilot plant
• Monitoring of coolant: Trace monitoring in chloromethane
• Analysis of nitrogen and hydrogen in pure gas of a chlor-alkali
plant
3
The MicroSAM is a miniaturized process gas chromatograph
(GC) in an Ex d enclosure. Through consistent use of microsystem technology (silicon wafer technology), all analytical
components are concentrated in the smallest possible area.
The design particularly enables a distributed installation close to
the process.
■ Benefits
• The distributed field installation reduces investment costs,
and opens up new fields of application, e.g.:
- Installation in plant areas where mounting within an analyzer
shed is not possible
- Installation at remote locations without extended infrastructure
• Reduction in laboratory analyses through online measurements
• Low space requirements in analysis cabinets reduce
investment costs
• Low maintenance effort and gas/energy consumption reduce
operating costs
• High-resolution capillary columns permit fast analyses
• Live injection permits representative sample injections
• Maintenance-free, valveless separating column switching
with electronic pressure controllers
• The use of several micro thermal conductivity detectors
(multidetection) provides exact measuring results and also
validation possibilities
• Versatile networking possibilities for central maintenance and
secure data transfer
• Remote monitoring with Windows-based software and
Ethernet communication
• Simplified servicing through replacement of modules
3/18
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
Oil & gas
• Hydrogen analysis in recycled gas and other process gases
• Analysis of inert gases and low-boiling paraffins/olefins in
combustion gas
• Analysis of hydrogen and low-boiling hydrocarbons in
reformer/platformer plant
• Trace analysis of impurities in acetylene from a cracker
• Analysis of ethane in ethylene from a cracker
• Measurement of calorific value in exhaust gas for quality
control in a power plant
• Analysis of ethylene in methane in an ethylene plant
• Analysis of propadiene and propine in the C2 splitter of a
steam cracker
• Analysis of low-boiling hydrocarbons in an ethylene plant/
visbreaker
• Analysis of exhaust gas in flares
• Analysis of gas loop in a propylene oxide plant
• Analysis of CO in crack gas in an LDPE
(low-density polyethylene) plant
• Analysis of refinery gas in a pilot plant
• Analysis of calorific value in natural gas preparation plants
Iron & steel
Analysis of exhaust gas in blast furnaces.
Pharmaceutical industry
• Analysis of O2, N2, CO2 and water in fermenting processes
• Analysis of alcohols in nitrogen for vacuum drying plants
Metals, aggregates, cement
Analysis of mine gas for inert gases and hydrocarbons.
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MicroSAM
The column system
■ Design
The column system consists of two or three capillary columns
connected in sequence. Micro TCDs or micro live circuits are
installed in sequence ("inline") upstream and downstream of the
individual columns. Three electronic pressure regulators supply
the columns with carrier gas and carry out the switching
functions (injection, backflushing and cut).
Enclosure
• EEx d version standard
• Heating adjustable from 60 to 165 °C (isothermal)
• Decentralized installation close to sampling point
Analytical module
The compact analytical module contains all the functional
components of a chromatograph. The MicroSAM works with:
• Live injection
• Valveless live switching on microchip basis
• Standardized analytical modules
• Multidetection through use of up to 8 micro thermal
conductivity detectors (TCDs) in the smallest possible area
(e.g. on all column/purging outputs and injection)
By using narrow-bore capillary columns, the separation at high
resolution is carried out within a much shorter time, approx.
factor 2 to 3 compared to standard capillary columns.
Electronic pressure regulators
A high pressure stability together with rapid changing rates in
the hPa range are required for precise and fast switching. This is
achieved in the electronic pressure regulators by means of a
piezo actuator.
Detector
The micro TCDs (based on silicon wafer technology) work on the
principle of continuous measurement of the different thermal
conductivities of the carrier gas and the components to be
measured.
■ Function
Live injection
The MicroSAM has a two-stage injection system. Using a micro
injection valve, a defined quantity of sample is first brought up to
the carrier gas pressure. This eliminates the pressuredependent error in the dosing quantity present with conventional
systems. In the second stage, the sample is transferred to the
column by a valveless micro injection system (live dosing). The
result is an "active" injection.
The injection volume can be varied time-controlled, and exactly
matched to the column requirements.
Valveless live column switching
Because of the high dead volume of conventional valves, only
the valveless version can be considered for a miniaturized
system. In this case, the generation of differences in flow using
several electronic pressure regulators at appropriate positions of
the column setup causes a change in the flow directions.
(The system operates according to the Wheatstone principle,
but pneumatically.) The functions "Cut" and "Backflushing" can
then be implemented free of dead volume.
The measurement can be carried out without falsification by
avoiding catalytic effects on the heating wires and maintaining a
constant flow velocity. This permits consistent in-line detection,
i.e. without qualitative or quantitative losses of substances.
Application modules
The application modules contain live injection and live switching.
The modules D06, D08 and D11 have one separating column
less than the modules D01, D02 and D09. The modules D06,
D08 and D11 have one detector less than the modules D01 and
D02. The application modules are suitable for separation of the
components described below. However, when defining the
suitable application module for an actual, customer-specific
measuring task, technical evaluation by our Support Team is
required.
D01, D02 and D08:
These modules contain separating columns that can be
impaired in their separating performance by humidity in the
carrier gas. For this reason, a carrier gas dry filter (filter set:
Article No. A5E00400116) is integrated for these modules on the
support bracket of the MicroSAM or supplied as a separate part
as standard.
The application modules are suitable for separation of the
components described below.
Detector
Column 1
Detector
Column 2
Detector
Circuit
Column 3
Detector
TCD
Sil5 C3, C4, C5,
C6+
TCD
PoraPLOT/Porabond Q
TCD
Live
Molecular filter
TCD
Sil5 C5+
TCD
D01
Injection
CO2, C2, H2S, H2O
H2, (Ar+O2), N2,
C1, CO
D02
Injection
TCD
SilicaPLOT
TCD
Live
Molecular filter
TCD
H2, (Ar+O2), N2,
C1, CO
C2, C3, C4 (saturated,
unsaturated), C5+
D09
Injection
-
Sil5
Non-polar aromatic
and aliphatic hydrocarbons
TCD
Sil5
Non-polar aromatic
and aliphatic
hydrocarbons
TCD
Live
Porabond Q
TCD
All components
except molecular
filter components
Application modules D01, D02 and D09
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
3/19
3
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MicroSAM
Detector
Column 1
Detector
Circuit
Column 2
Detector
TCD
Sil5
TCD
Live
Sil5
TCD
D06
Injection
Non-polar aromatic and
aliphatic hydrocarbons
Non-polar aromatic and
aliphatic hydrocarbons
D08
Injection
TCD
Porabond Q
TCD
Live
Molecular filter
TCD
H2, (Ar+O2), N2, C1, CO
All components except
molecular filter components
D11
Injection
TCD
RTX-5+
RTX-200
TCD
Non-polar aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and
medium-pole components
such as chlorosilane
3
Application modules D06, D08, and D11
Application
Various solution concepts are available:
• Adjustment without method development (on request)
- Run-out ex factory
The application modules are standardized. The functionality
of the MicroSAM is proven with a specified carrier gas, exact
setting of the oven temperature and the carrier gas inlet
pressures, and with a standard calibration gas.
The measured components and switching functions
(live injection, backflushing, cut) are saved.
- Commissioning on site
All application modules are standardized, i.e. the analytical
hardware is defined and cannot be changed. The specific
settings are carried out on site during commissioning.
• Adjustment with method development
Non-standardized applications require specific method
development:
An optimum solution is elaborated on the basis of an existing
specification and a selected calibration gas or with application of a customer sample.
3/20
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
Live
SilicaPLOT
C2, C3, C4, C5, C6
(saturated, unsaturated)
TCD
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MicroSAM
■ Technical specifications
Design, enclosure
Sample and injection
Weight
15 kg
Sample streams
3
Degree of protection
IP65 (NEMA 4X)
Calibration sample streams
1
Phase
Gaseous
Required filtration
Degree of separation 99.99 % for
< 0.1 μm particles
Material with which the sample comes
into contact
Stainless steel, fused silica,
polyimide
Injection
• Controller
"Valveless" live injection
With multifunctional diaphragm
valve
2 ... 50 µl
Mounting
Installation on
Post, pipe or wall
Distance from wall or next chromatograph
300 mm (12")
Distance from ceiling or floor
200 mm (8")
Explosion protection
ATEX and IEC Ex: II 2 G Ex d IIC T4
Gb
Class I, Zone 1, Group IIB + H2 T4
Class I, Div 1, Groups B, C, D T4
Factory Sealed
Support bracket
• Mounting part, dimensions (D x H)
• Gas connections
• Bracket for gas connection, dimensions (D x H), bracket on right side,
mounted at right angle
Power consumption
• Typical
• Maximum
• Electrical safety
EMC immunity
• Conducted interferences on AC
supply lines
- According to Part 4 (burst)
- According to Part 5 (ms pulses),
line against line
- According to Part 5 (ms pulses),
line against ground
• Conducted interferences on signal
lines
- According to Part 4 (burst)
• Immunity to static discharge
- According to Part 2 (ESD)
• Immunity to fields
- According to Part 3 and Part 6
• Noise suppression
165 °C
3
Oven
380 x 110 mm
8
146 x 110 mm
Electrical characteristics
Power supply
• Injection volume adjustable using
switching times
• Max. operating temperature
24 V DC (18.5 ... 30.2 V)
18 W
60 W
IEC 61010 / DIN VDE 0411
According to IEC 60801/
DIN VDE 0843
Number/type
1/isothermal
Purging with N2
Possible
Dimensions (DxH)
160 x 10 mm
Heating capacity
20 W
Temperature range
60 … 155 °C
Temperature stability
± 0.1 K (60 ... 155 °C)
Temperature accuracy
± 3 K (60 ... 155 °C)
Retention time variations per 10 °C
change in ambient temperature
Approx. 0.3 %
Heating-up period from 30 ... 100 °C
10 minutes
Columns and gases
Column type
Capillary columns 0.15 ... 0.25 mm/
internal
Separating column switching
Multidimensional chromatography
with backflushing and cut in live system
Multifunctional diaphragm valve
For injection and backflushing
Gas connections
Swagelok 1/8"
1 kV
Pressure regulators
Max. 4 single-channel electronic
pressure regulators
8 kV
Solenoid valves for control of diaphragm valve
2 NC contacts, 2 NO contacts
10 V/m
According to CISPR 11 / EN 55011 /
DIN VDE 0875 Limit class B
T2.5 A
Carrier gas
• Gas purity (minimum requirement)
• Solid components
• Required filtration
Permissible sample pressure
10 … 60 kPa above atmosphere
Sample flow
20 … 100 ml/min
• Consumption
• Inlet pressure
H2, N2, He, Ar
> 99.999 % (5.0)
< 0.1 μm
Degree of separation 99.99 % for
< 0.1 μm particles
10 ... 60 ml/min
500 …700 kPa (g)
600 kPa (g) recommended
Max. sample temperature
120°C
Solid components
< 0.1 mm
• Fuse
2 kV
1 kV
2 kV
Gas inlet conditions
Important:
A continuous carrier gas supply is
required for error-free operation (frequent carrier gas failure has a negative effect on the life cycle of the
detectors and the internal device
pressure regulator. In addition, an
external two-layer pressure regulator for the carrier gas pressure is
strongly recommended.
Climatic conditions
Permissible ambient temperature
- 20 ... 50 °C (depending on oven
temperature)
Permissible storage/transport temperature
- 30 ... 70 °C
Permissible relative humidity
Max. 90 %
Instrument air
Not required
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
3/21
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MicroSAM
Detectors, calibration and performance data
Detector type
TCD, max. 8 sensors
Ambient temperature
Negligible
Vibrations
Negligible
Cell volume
0.02 μl
Calibration
Manual or automatic, single-level or
multi-level
Smallest measuring range
1 000 ppm (application-dependent)
Linear range
Typically > 104
Cycle time
Typically 30 … 240 s
Electrical inputs and outputs
Basic equipment
• Digital outputs
(relay contact 0.4 A / 24 V DC)
3
• Digital inputs (24 V to optocoupler)
Interfaces
• Communication
• Control system coupling
4, freely usable (expandable by
NAU or I/O Extender, see Communication in "General information")
4, 3 freely usable (expandable by
NAU or I/O Extender, see Communication in "General information")
1 x Ethernet 10BaseT / TCP/IP
1 x RS 485 or RS 232 /
Modbus RTU, OPC (ODPC) over
Ethernet
Electronics
Communication and analytical
controller (CAC)
• Microprocessor
• Flash EPROM
• Dynamic RAM
• Operating system
• Software
Realtime signal processor (RSP)
• Microprocessor
• Flash EPROM
• Static RAM
• Operating system
• Software
Controller
• Sample streams
• Calibration sample streams
• Status LEDs for
• LCD display for
Recommended operator panel
• Personal computer
• Processor
• Clock
• Interfaces
• Operating system
• Software
3/22
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
Intel 586 architecture
128 MB
64 MB
Windows CE 5.0
Preinstalled. Modifications or
upgrades for operation PC downloadable via network or locally
Motorola 68376, 20 MHz
1 MB
1 MB
Forth
Preinstalled. Modifications or
upgrades downloadable via internal service interface
3
1
• Supply voltage
• Software sign-of-life
• Operational readiness
• Maintenance request alert
• Fault
• Sample flow
• Sample stream: S1, S2, S3, S4
• Sample components: e.g. CO2,
propane, etc.
• Measured value of sample as numeric value
Desktop or laptop
At least Pentium III
≥ 800 MHz
1 x Ethernet
Windows XP or 7
Gas chromatograph portal,
from version 1.02
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MicroSAM
Selection and ordering data
Article No.
MicroSAM process gas chromatograph
Basic unit, mounted on holding bracket
For 3 sample streams + 1 calibration stream
For ambient temperatures from -20 to 50 °C
Explosion-proof, for Zone 1 and Class I Div.1
Power supply 24 V DC
For post, pipe or wall mounting
7KQ3101- 7 7 0
Click on the Article No. for the online configuration in the PIA Life Cycle Portal.
Sample
For gaseous sample
0
For gaseous sample (standard UKOG)
8
Workstation operating software
(1 workstation operating software required per GC network)
Without operating software
A
With workstation operating software
B
Additional versions
3
Order code
Add "-Z" to Article No. and specify Order codes.
Application modules
D01, D02, D06, D08, D09, D11
See description at function of application modules
Standard applications with defined hardware
Method development in the application
Standard
Special
application1)
C01
C04
Acceptance and customer information
(in agreement with application laboratory)
Remote acceptance
J01
Factory acceptance, 1 day
J02
Factory acceptance, 2 days
J03
Factory acceptance, 3 days
J04
Repeatability test
Standard (2 hours)
E01
Up to 8 hours
E02
Up to 24 hours
E03
Up to 72 hours
E04
Data transmission
Modbus mapping (during commissioning)
F01
Inputs/outputs via I/O-Extender
Separate supply of the I/O Extender module
(without protective casing, not for hazardous areas)
4 digital inputs, 4 digital outputs, 2 analog inputs, 4 analog outputs
K01
Analog values via external unit (standard package 1); Zones 1 and 2
4 digital inputs, 4 digital outputs, 2 analog inputs, 4 analog outputs
K02
Analog values via external unit (standard package 2); Zones 1 and 2
12 digital inputs, 12 digital outputs, 6 analog inputs, 12 analog outputs
K03
Analog values via external unit (standard package 3); Class I Div 2
4 digital inputs, 4 digital outputs, 2 analog inputs, 4 analog outputs
K04
Analog values via external unit (standard package 4); Class I Div 2
12 digital inputs, 12 digital outputs, 6 analog inputs, 12 analog outputs
K05
Miscellaneous calculations and functions
using BASIC interpreter integrated in the GC
MicroSAM Basic Editor
H01
Application setup: Calculations in accordance with ISO 6976-95
H02
Application setup: Natural gas - calculations in accordance with GPA 2172-96
H03
Application setup: Natural gas - calculations in accordance with GOST 22667-82
H04
Application setup: Natural gas - customer-specific calculations
H05
1)
On request
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
3/23
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MicroSAM
Support bracket
F01 – Data transmission over Modbus
For easy mounting, incl. support for 8 gas connections
consisting of:
• Mounting part: Dimensions: 380 mm x 110 mm (WxH)
• Bracket for gas connection;
dimensions 146 mm x 110 mm (DxH)
Bracket on right side, mounted at right angle
Implementation and testing of a Modbus table for Modbus
communication (RS 232 / RS 485 RTU).
The bracket is stipulated in the manual.
Exception
The bracket is not required if the MicroSAM is fitted in a
protective casing approved by Siemens. In this case, however,
shipping of the unit is only permissible in this protective casing.
Sample streams
3
For up to 4 sample streams (including calibration stream); e.g.
3 sample streams + 1 calibration stream; controlled by 4 internal
digital outputs (relay contact 0.4 A / 24 V DC)
K0X – Inputs/outputs via I/O Extender
The MicroSAM basic unit provides four digital inputs and
outputs. If more interfaces are required, these are provided by
the I/O Extender. It should be noted, however, that the I/O
Extender requires two device-internal digital inputs and outputs.
The I/O Extender solution can generate up to 12 additional
analog outputs for the chromatograph (further inputs and
outputs on request). The latest generation of NESSI components
for sample preparation can also be controlled. The max. cable
length between MicroSAM (including master cable) and I/OExtender must not exceed 20 m. A 24 V DC power supply is
required for the I/O Extender. This must be provided separately,
but can also be covered by the power supply of the MicroSAM.
Note:
This position contains a basic unit prepared for integration of the
analyzer modules.
If the delivery is to include a protective casing from the Set CV
range, please refer to this category in Catalog AP 01. There you
can find more information on the I/O Extender and its specification within this total solution.
Pos. 8_8: Standard UKOG
K02 or K04 standard packets 1/3
Individual customers standard.
This position includes:
• Mounting rail
• An I/O Extender module
• Protective casing, Ex e with standard cable glands and
terminal block; 170 x 227 x 131 mm (L x W x D)
Pos. 8_0: For gaseous sample
Pos. 9_B: Workstation operating software
The workstation operating software can only be ordered together
with MicroSAM. Workstation operating software is required for
each gas chromatograph network.
C01 – Method development and application
Comprehensive and specific development of the method is
required for the tasks.
The measured components and switching functions are entered
completely using a customer sample (or a specially selected
calibration gas). Proof of repeatability is carried out in accordance with the customer specification.
If a natural gas analyzer for calculation of the calorific value is
ordered, the evaluation parameters are specifically optimized for
the natural gas analysis.
The required BASIC programs (H0X) are installed in the gas
chromatograph.
The retention time window C6+ is set to the measured components n-C6 to C9.
J0X – Acceptance and customer information
The scope of delivery is checked and the documentation and
operation of the device explained in detail during the factory
acceptance.
This also comprises presentation of the analytical solution
including communication, chromatograms, piping plan and gas
path plan. If present, inspection of the sample preparation and
discussion of the documentation are carried out.
Please supplement the order for J02 to J04 by the desired option
from E0x.
Only experienced MicroSAM users should consider the option
for starting up the MicroSAM in the context of remote acceptance, e.g. using a telephone conference (on request).
E0x – Repeatability test
Proof of repeatability over a period of 2 h is included as
standard. Longer proof of repeatability for the unit can be
ordered using the supplements E02 to E04.
3/24
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
The delivery package of the I/O Extender solution for Class I
Div 2 contains adapters (female thread 1", 3/4", 1/2" for fitting of
conduits) which are suitable for cable glands in accordance with
this hazardous area.
K03 or K05 standard packets 2/4
This position includes:
• Mounting rail
• Three I/O Extender modules
• Protective casing, Ex e with standard cable glands and
terminal block; 340 x 170 x 131 mm (L x W x D)
The delivery package of the I/O Extender solution for Class I
Div 2 contains adapters (female thread 1", 3/4", 1/2" for fitting of
conduits) which are suitable for cable glands in accordance with
this hazardous area.
H0X - Various calculations and functions using
BASIC interpreter integrated in the GC
The BASIC programs are either preset ex-works or can be
created and modified by the customer.
H01 – MicroSAM BASIC Editor
The MicroSAM BASIC Editor allows individual programming of
calculations and functions by the user.
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MicroSAM
H02 - Application setup: Natural gas - calculation in
accordance with ISO 6976-95
Calibration
gas I in
vol.%
Calibration
gas II in
vol.%
Calibration
gas III in
vol.%
1.2-butadiene
–
–
0.1
1.3-butadiene
–
–
0.1
The calorific value is calculated as standard in MJ/m on a molar
basis referred to the reference temperature 25 / 0 °C
(combustion/metering temperature). Calculation on the basis of
other reference variables or tables (in accordance with the
standard) requires unambiguous specification by the customer.
1-butene
–
–
0.1
2.2 dimethylpropane
0.3
0.3
–
cis-2-butene
–
–
0.1
Cyclopropane
–
–
0.1
The BASIC program is preset ex works; a customer modification
is only possible with the supplement H01.
Ethane
4
4
0.1
Ethene
–
–
0.1
H03 - Application setup: Natural gas - calculation in
accordance with GPA2172-96
Ethine
–
–
0.1
Ethyl acetylene
–
–
0.1
The following physical variables must be calculated in accordance with the standard: calorific value, relative density and
compressibility factor.
Helium
–
–
Remainder
Isobutane
0.5
0.5
0.1
Isopentane
0.3
0.3
–
Isopentane
–
–
0.1
Carbon dioxide
2
2
–
Methane
Approx. 85
Approx.
84.5
0.1
The BASIC program is preset ex works; a customer modification
is only possible with the supplement H01.
Methyl acetylene
–
–
0.1
n-butane
0.5
0.5
0.1
H04 - Application setup: Natural gas - calculation in
accordance with GOST22667-82
n-heptane
0.05
0.05
–
n-hexane
0.05
0.05
0.1
The following physical variables must be calculated in accordance with the standard: calorific value, heating value, Wobbe
index, relative density.
n-pentane
0.3
0.3
0.1
Propadiene
–
–
0.1
Propane
2
2
0.1
Propene
–
–
0.1
Oxygen
0.1
–
–
Nitrogen
5
5
–
The BASIC program is preset ex works; a customer modification
is only possible with the supplement H01.
trans-2-butene
–
–
0.1
Vinyl acetylene
–
–
0.1
H05 - Application setup: Customer-specific calculations and
functions
Hydrogen
–
0.5
–
The following physical variables must be calculated in accordance with the standard: calorific value, heating value, Wobbe
index, density, relative density.
3
The calorific value is calculated as standard in BTU/ft3 (S)
referred to the reference temperature 60 °F. Calculation on the
basis of other reference variables or tables (in accordance with
the standard) requires unambiguous specification by the
customer.
These parameters are calculated based on the physical
properties of the pure components. As a special feature, the
methane concentration is defined as the residual value in this
operating mode.
3
Standard calibration gases for system test and run-out
An unambiguous description of the task is required in order to
guarantee correct functioning of the program.
The BASIC program is preset ex works; a customer modification
is only possible with the supplement H01.
The supplement H03 is only possible together with C0X.
Box with I/O Extender
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
3/25
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
MicroSAM
■ Dimension drawings
200
70
12
300
156
20
3
40 34
85
306
20
1
5
4
8
40
220
40
L = 4 000 mm
D 10 (4x)
MicroSAM, dimensions in mm
3/26
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
SITRANS CV
■ Overview
■ Design
Enclosure
• EEx-d version standard
• Heating adjustable from 60 to 165 °C (isothermal)
• Decentralized installation close to sampling point
Analytical modules
The compact analytical modules contain all the functional
components of a chromatograph. The SITRANS CV operates
with:
• Live injection
• Valveless live switching on microchip basis
• Standardized analytical modules
• Multidetection through use of up to 8 micro thermal
conductivity detectors in smallest possible areas
(e.g. on all column/purging outputs and injection)
The SITRANS CV gas chromatograph (GC), which is based on
the innovative analytical technology of the MicroSAM, is an
analyzer that has been specially developed for natural gas
analysis. The device concept enables the higher and lower
calorific value, standard density and Wobbe index (according to
ISO, AGA 8, Gost standard) to be determined in a way that is not
only cost-effective, but also quick, precise and reliable.
■ Benefits
Flexible installation: The rugged and compact design enables
installation in even extreme areas of application, such as
offshore exploration, or directly at the pipeline. The SITRANS CV
has the certification required (such as explosion protection or
splashwater protection) to meet the requirements of these applications.
Like the MicroSAM, the SITRANS CV consists of a basic unit and
an analysis module, which, if necessary, can be replaced in as
short a time as possible. Combined with low power and gas
consumption, this keeps operating costs down.
Notable features of the CVControl software, which has been
specially developed for calibration-related applications,
includes its ease of operation and transparency.
The automatic method optimization integrated in the software
increases the repeatability of the calorific value measurement
and reduces the cost of ownership.
■ Function
Live injection
The SITRANS CV has a two-stage injection system. Using a
micro injection valve, a defined quantity of sample is first brought
up to the carrier gas pressure. This eliminates the pressuredependent error in the dosing quantity present with conventional
systems. In the second stage, the sample is transferred to the
column by a valveless micro injection system (live dosing).
The result is an "active" injection.
The injection volume can be varied time-controlled, and exactly
matched to the column requirements.
Valveless live column switching
Because of the high dead volume of conventional valves, only
the valveless version can be considered for a miniaturized
system. In this case, the generation of differences in flow using
several electronic pressure regulators at appropriate positions of
the column setup causes a change in the flow directions.
(The system operates according to the Wheatstone principle,
but pneumatically.) The functions "Cut" and "Backflushing" can
then be implemented free of dead volume.
The column system
The serial RS 485/RS 232 and Ethernet interfaces enable
communication with both the control system and a flow
computer.
The separation system consists of up to three separation
columns connected in series. Micro TCDs or micro live circuits
are installed in sequence ("inline") upstream and downstream of
the individual columns. Three electronic pressure regulators
supply the columns with carrier gas and carry out the switching
functions (injection, backflushing and cut).
Like the MicroSAM, the unit’s high analytical capability can be
attributed to narrow-bore capillary columns, live injection, live
switching and in-line detection.
By using narrow-bore capillary columns, the separation at high
resolution is carried out within a much shorter time, approx.
factor 2 to 3 compared to standard capillary columns.
■ Application
• Analysis of natural gas in power plants:
- For quality control
- For turbine optimization
- Pipeline monitoring
• Analysis of natural gas when opening up sea beds
(off-shore plants).
• Analysis of bio-natural gas in preprocessing plants
• Analysis of natural gas in liquefaction and regasification plants
(LNG Regasification and Storage)
• Determination of calorific value in natural gas for power plants,
in gas transfer stations, or during turbine optimization
• Analysis of calorific value in natural gas preparation plants
Electronic pressure regulators
A high pressure stability together with rapid changing rates in
the hPa range are required for precise and fast switching. This is
achieved in the electronic pressure regulators by means of a
piezo actuator.
Detector
The micro TCDs (silicon wafer technology) work on the principle
of continuous measurement of the different thermal conductivities of the carrier gas and the components to be measured.
The measurement can be carried out without falsification by
avoiding catalytic effects on the heating wires and maintaining a
constant flow velocity. This permits consistent in-line detection,
i.e. without qualitative or quantitative losses of substances.
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
3/27
3
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
SITRANS CV
Modules
The standardized application modules generally feature live
injection and live switching functions, detectors and separation
columns.
Column 1
Detector
Column 2
Detector
Circuit
Column 3
Detector
C09
Detector
Sil5
TCD
Sil5
TCD
Live
Porabond Q
TCD
Injection
Non-polar aromatic and
aliphatic hydrocarbons
TCD
C01
Sil5
Injection
TCD
TCD
RTX-1
Injection
All components except
molecular filter components
PoraPLOT/Porabond Q TCD
Live
CO2, C2, H2O
C3, C4, C5, C6+
C13
3
Non-polar aromatic
and aliphatic hydrocarbons
TCD
C3, i-C4, n-C4, neo-C5,
i-C5, n-C5
Sum C6+ as sum peak
in the backflush
HayeSepN
Molecular filter
TCD
H2, (Ar+O2), N2, C1,
CO
TCD
Live
N2, CH4, CO2, C2
Application
Component
Possible working range (%)
The SITRANS CV is a storage product. Precalibration is carried
out at the factory, using helium and argon (as the carrier gas)
and a calibration gas. The measured components and switching
functions (live injection, backflushing, cut) are saved in the GC.
The calibration process itself should be performed during
commissioning on-site.
Oxygen
0 ... 4
Measurements can be made within the following working
ranges:
Table 2: Measuring range of the additional measured component oxygen
of the extended calorific value analysis (see Article No. 7KQ3105-1)
The remark in footnote 1 about the detection of oxygen and
nitrogen is not valid in the case of an extended calorific value
analysis. In this case, all components from the Table 1
"Measured components and performance parameters for Pos.
8_0 (master setup, standard calorific value analysis in accordance with ISO 6976-1995)" plus oxygen are detected and
quantified.
Component
Checked working range Possible working range
(%)
(%)
Methane
57 ... 100
50 ... 100
Nitrogen1)
0 ... 22
0 ... 25
For the analysis of biomethane the following components and
their working ranges are measured (Table 3).
Carbon dioxide
0 ... 12
0 ... 20
Component
Ethane
0 ... 14
0 ... 20
Possible working range Calibration gas for bio(%)
methane measurement
(%)
Propane
0 ... 5
0 ... 15
Methane
> 80
89
i-butane
0 ... 0.9
0 ... 10
Nitrogen
<8
4
n-butane
0 ... 1.8
0 ... 10
Ethane
<6
2.5
Neopentane
0 ... 0.1
0 ... 1
Carbon dioxide
<4
2.5
i-pentane
0 ... 0.12
0 ... 1
Propane
<5
1.0
n-pentane
0 ... 0.12
0 ... 1
Hexane+2)
Butane
< 1.2
0.2
0 ... 0.08
0 ... 3
Oxygen
<3
0.2
< 0.7
0.2
<3
0.2
Hexane
0 ... 1
Heptane+3)
0 ... 1
2-Methylpropane
(isobutane)
Octane
0 ... 1
Hydrogen
Nonane+4)
0 ... 1
Table 3: Measured components, working ranges and calibration gas for
the analysis of biomethane
Helium
Concentration can be entered as a fixed value in
the components list
H2S
< 500 ppm
No measured component
High/low calorific value
Calculated
Calculated
Density and relative
density
Calculated
Calculated
Wobbe index
Calculated
Calculated
Compressibility factor
Calculated
Calculated
Normalisation factor
Calculated
Calculated
Table 1: Measured components and performance parameters for
Pos. 8_0 (master setup, standard calorific value analysis in accordance
with ISO 6976-1995)
1)
Any oxygen or carbon monoxide present in the sample will be detected
along with the nitrogen and, therefore, taken into account when the
nitrogen concentration is determined.
2)
Hexane+ = group(iso/n-hexane to iso/n-nonane)
3)
Heptane+ = group(iso/n-hexane) and group(iso/n-heptane to iso/n-nonane)
4)
Nonane+ = group(iso/n-hexane), group(iso/n-heptane), group(iso/n-octane),
group(iso/n-nonane)
3/28
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
SITRANS CV
For analysis of natural gas with backflush summation, the
following components and working ranges are measured:
Component
Possible working range (%)
Methane
50 ... 100
Nitrogen
0 ... 25
Carbon dioxide
0 ... 20
Ethane
0 ... 20
Propane
0 ... 15
Measurements within the scope of the possible working ranges
(Table 1 "Measured components and performance parameters
for Pos. 8_0 (Master setup, standard analysis of calorific value in
accordance with ISO 6976-1995)", right column, and Table 2
"Measuring range of the additional measured component
oxygen of the extended analysis of calorific value (see Article
No. 7KQ3105-1)") are possible. However, checking of the
repeatability and correctness has not been carried out by the
official German body "Physikalisch technischer Bundesanstalt
(PTB)".
i-butane
0 ... 10
Concentration range (mol.%)
n-butane
0 ... 10
Repeatability according to ISO
6974-5 (2001); Mol fraction (%),
absolute
50 < xi < 100
0.03 ... 0.035
1 < xi < 50
0.011 ... 0.03
0.1 < xi < 1
0.006 ... 0.011
xi < 0.1
< 0.006
Neopentane*
i-pentane
0 ... 1
n-pentane
0 ... 1
Hexane+
0 ... 3
Helium
Concentration can be entered as a
fixed value in the component list
H2S
No measured component
High/low calorific value
Calculated
Density and relative density
Calculated
Wobbe index
Calculated
Compressibility factor
Calculated
Normalization factor
Calculated
Table 4: Component and measuring ranges for the analysis, including
backflush summation
* Because the neopentane concentration is very small in practice, this
component is not calibrated and is measured with the relative response
factor of isopentane. For this reason, a possible working range is not
indicated.
Analyses within the checked working range as well as the quality
parameters resulting from these (upper and lower calorific
values, density and relative density, Wobbe index, compression
and normalization factors) correspond to the requirements listed
below.
Table 5: The repeatability of the measured components complies with
ISO 6974-5 (2001) – Annex B (Article No. 7KQ3105-0, 7KQ3105-1)
The repeatability of the calorific value and standard density
achieve a relative standard deviation of < 0.01 %. SITRANS CV
for the analysis of biomethane achieves a relative standard
deviation of < 0.05 %.
The calibration gas is an extremely important factor for consideration in terms of the MPE (maximum permissible error), and
has a significant effect on the accuracy of the overall measuring
system. For this reason, SITRANS CV - based on a comparative
measuring procedure - can never be more accurate than the
calibration gas used. Other parameters besides the accuracy
data on the calibration gas certificate are important for the
accuracy of a system. Examples of these include the optimum
gas composition, the ambient temperatures of the calibration
gas cylinders during transportation and operation, potential
condensation of, for instance, higher hydrocarbons in a
calibration gas cylinder, and the functionality of the sample
preparation system.
Under optimum conditions, the SITRANS CV achieves an MPE of
< 0.1 % for the calorific value and the standard density, whereby
the system for measuring biomethane produces an MPE of
< 0.5 %.
SITRANS CV is designed for measuring with various configurations; the calibration gases required for this purpose are shown
below. (Table 6, Measurement and calibration gas components):
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
3/29
3
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
SITRANS CV
SITRANS CV – Overview of possible configurations and the required calibration gases
Carrier gas
He
He
Ar
He
Analyzer module
C09
C01
C01
C13
Calorific value analysis Calorific value analysis Basic Bio-CH4
C6+
C6+ with oxygen
Extended calorific
C6+ backflush
value analysis Bio-CH4
Calculation standard is ISO 6976, GOST and AGA 8 can be selected
3
Article No.
7KQ 3105-0
7KQ 3105-2
7KQ 3105-3
Hydrogen
-
-
-
M CR
-
Oxygen
-
M CR
M CR
M CR
-
Nitrogen
M CR
M CR
M CR
M CR
M CR
Carbon dioxide
M CR
M CR
M CR
M CR
M CR
Methane
M CR
M CR
M CR
M CR
M CR
Ethane
M CR
M CR
-
M CR
M CR
Propane
M CR
M CR
-
M CR
M CR
Isobutane
M CR
M CR
-
M CR
M CR
Butane
M CR
M CR
-
M CR
M CR
Neopentane
M*1
M*1
-
-
M*1
Isopentane
M CR
M CR
-
-
M CR
M CR
Pentane
Group C6+
7KQ 3105-1
M CR
M CR
-
-
M*2 CR
M*2 CR
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M*2 CR
Group C6+ backflush
Extended application 7KQ 3105- B02
Separate measurement of Group C6 and
Group C7+
M*3 CR*3
M*3 CR*3
-
-
-
Separate Groups C6,
C7, C8, C9
M*4 CR*4
M*4 CR*4
-
-
-
Caution!
Use of the SITRANS CV with a carrier gas different to that of the supplied solution can lead to faults and to the destruction
of the analysis module. Depending on the composition of the calibration gas, external heating for the calibration gas cylinder may be necessary.
M
Measured
CR
Required as calibration component; composition see catalog AP 01 – SITRANS CV - Function
M*1
Neopentane is measured with the response factor of isopentane;
for direct calibration of neopentane: see operating instructions
M*2
Group C6+ is measured with the relative response factor of n-hexane
M*3/CR*3
Groups C6 and C7+ are measured separately and calibrated with n-hexane and n-heptane, respectively
M*4/CR*4
Group C6, Group C7, Group C8, Group C9 are measured and calibrated separately
Table 6: Overview of device versions and available measurement configurations and the calibration gas compositions required for them
3/30
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
SITRANS CV
■ Technical specifications
Climatic conditions
Permissible ambient temperature
-20 ... +55 °C (depending on oven
temperature)
Permissible storage/transport
temperature
-30 ... +70 °C
Permissible relative humidity
Max. 90 %
Protection against dust and moisture
• According to EN 60529/IEC 60529
• According to NEMA 250
IP 65
NEMA 4X
Power supply
SITRANS CV with SIMATIC Extension Unit
Power supply
24 V DC (18.5 ... 30.2 V)
External fuse
T2.5 A
Power consumption, typical
18 W
Power consumption, maximum
60 W
3
Dimensions and weights
Width x depth x height
360 x 300 x 220 mm
(approx. 14" x 12" x 9")
Weight
15 kg (35 lb.)
Mounting
Installation on
Post, pipe or wall
Distance from wall or next chromatograph
300 mm (12")
Distance from ceiling or floor
200 mm (8")
Electromagnetic compatibility
Noise suppression
According to CISPR 11 / EN 55011 /
DIN VDE 0875 Limit class B
EMC immunity
According to IEC 60801/
DIN VDE 0843
Conducted interferences on AC
supply lines
• According to Part 4 (burst)
• According to Part 5 (ms pulses),
line against line
• According to Part 5 (ms pulses),
line against ground
2 kV
1 kV
2 kV
Conducted interferences on signal
lines
• According to Part 4 (burst)
1 kV
Immunity to static discharge
• According to Part 2 (ESD)
8 kV
Immunity to fields
• According to Part 3 and Part 6
10 V/m
Safety
Electrical safety
IEC 61010 / DIN VDE 0411
Explosion protection
ATEX and IEC Ex:
II 2 G Ex d IIC T4 Gb
Class I, Zone 1, Group IIB + H2 T4
Class I, Div 1, Groups B, C, D T4
Factory Sealed
Oven
Number/type
1 / isothermal
Purging with N2
Possible
Dimensions (D x H)
160 x 10 mm
Max. heating power
35 VA
Temperature range
60 … 165 °C
Temperature stability
± 0.1 K (60 ... 165 °C)
Temperature accuracy
± 3 K (60 ... 165 °C)
Retention time variations per 10 °C
change in ambient temperature
Approx. 0.3 %
Warm-up period from 30 … 100 °C
10 minutes
Siemens AP 01 · 2015
3/31
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
SITRANS CV
Columns and gases
Separating column switching
3
Detectors, calibration and performance data
Multidimensional chromatography
with backflushing and cut in live
system
Detector type
TCD, max. 8 sensors
Cell volume
0.02 µl
Multifunctional diaphragm valve
For injection and backflushing
Calibration
Manual or automatic, single level
Gas connections
Swagelok 1/8"
Repeatability for calorific value and
density
≤ 0.01 % (for natural gas)
Pressure regulators
Max. 4 single-channel electronic
pressure regulators
Accuracy for calorific value and
density
≤ 0.1 % (for natural gas)
Solenoid valves for control of
diaphragm valve
2 NC contacts, 2 NO contacts
Linear range
Typically ≥ 104
Carrier gas
He, Ar
Cycle time
Application-dependent
Notice:
Ambient temperature influence
Negligible
The carrier gas defined for the
delivered state must be used.
Mean Time to Repair/MTBF
< 1 hour / 3 years
(without consumables)
Changing the carrier gas could
destroy the thermal conductivity
detectors.
≥ 99.999 % (5.0)
< 0.1 μm
Degree of separation 99.99 % for
0.1 μm particles
< 35 ml/min
500 …700 kPa
Electronics: Communication and analytical controller (CAC)
• Gas purity (minimum requirement)
• Solid components
• Required filtration
• Consumption
• Inlet pressure
Microprocessor
Intel 586 architecture
Flash EPROM
128 MB
Dynamic RAM
64 MB
Operating system
Windows CE 5.0
Software
Preinstalled. Modifications or
upgrades for operation PC downloadable via network or locally
600 kPa (g) recommended
Important:
A continuous carrier gas supply is
required for error-free operation (frequent carrier gas failure has a negative effect on the life cycle of the
detectors and the device-internal
pressure regulator). In addition, an
external two-layer pressure regulator for the carrier gas pressure is
strongly recommended.
Electronics: Realtime signal processor (RSP)
Microprocessor
Motorola 68376, 20 MHz
Flash EPROM
1 MB
Static RAM
1 MB
Operating system
Forth
Software
Preinstalled. Modifications or
upgrades downloadable via internal
service interface
Not required
Instrument air
Interfaces
Sample and injection
Sample streams
3
Communication
1 x Ethernet 10BaseT/TCP/IP
Calibration sample streams
1
Control system coupling
1 x Modbus RS 485/RS 232 RTU/
ASCII
Phase
Gaseous
Permissible sample pressure
10 … 60 kPa above atmospheric
pressure
NOTICE: Sample must not contain
ethine (acetylene).
Sample flow
20 … 100 ml/min
Max. sample temperature
120 °C
Solid components
< 0.1 μm
Required filtration
Degree of separation 99.99 %
for 0.1 μm particles
Material with which the sample comes
into contact
Stainless steel, fused silica,
polyimide
Injection
• Controller
"Valveless" live injection
With multifunctional diaphragm
valve
From 2 ... 50 μl
• Injection volume adjustable using
switching times
Inputs/outputs: Basic equipment
Digital outputs
(relay contact 0.4 A/24 V DC)
4, 3 x samples, 1 x calibration
Digital inputs (24 V to optocoupler)
4, for 1 = sample flow;
2 = time synchronization;
3 = revision (results have no effect
on average values);
4 = calibration
Status indicator
LEDs for
•
•
•
•
•
•
Supply voltage
Software Heartbeat
Ready
Maintenance request alert
Fault
Sample flow
LCD for
• Sample stream: S1, S2, S3, S4
• Sample components: e.g. CO2,
propane, etc.
• Measured value of sample as
numeric value
Recommended operator panel
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Siemens AP 01 · 2015
Personal computer
Desktop or laptop
Processor
At least Pentium III
Clock
≥ 800 MHz
Interfaces
1 x Ethernet
Operating system
Windows XP, Windows 7
Software
CV Control version 1.30.0.0 and
higher
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
SITRANS CV
Selection and ordering data
Article No.
SITRANS CV process gas chromatograph
Basic unit (incl. application module)
mounted on mounting bracket
Explosion-proof, for Zone 1
Power supply 24 V DC
For 3 sample streams + 1 calibration stream
For ambient temperatures from -20 ... +55 °C
Stand-alone communication via 1 RS 485, RS 232
interface (MODBUS RTU, ASCII)
For post, pipe or wall mounting
Includes CV Control operating software (English)
7KQ3105-
Notes on 7KQ3105-..
Support bracket
7
For easy mounting, incl. support for 8 gas connections
consisting of:
• Mounting part: Dimensions 380 x 110 mm (W x H)
• Bracket for gas connection: Dimensions 146 x 110 mm
(D x H), bracket on right side, mounted at right angle
Sample flow switchover
The chromatograph enables automatic selection and switchover
of 3 sample flows and 1 calibration flow. The DO signal from the
gas chromatograph requires an external relay for the solenoid
valve. The sample preparation system can be ordered
separately.
Click on the Article No. for the online configuration
in the PIA Life Cycle Portal.
Applications
For standard calorific value analysis
(N2, CO2, C1-C5, C6+)
0
For extended calorific value analysis with oxygen
(N2, CO2, O2, C1-C5, C6+)
1
For calorific value analysis with biomethane
(N2, H2, CO2, O2, C1-C4)
2
For calorific value analysis (N2, CO2, C1-C5, C6+)
backflush summation
3
Additional versions
Ambient temperatures
Particularly in warmer zones, weather protection is necessary to
protect the SITRANS CV against direct solar radiation.
The chromatograph is designed as standard for temperatures
from -20 to +55 °C. A version in a thermostatically-controlled
casing is also available as an option for temperatures outside
these limits.
Order code
Communication
Add "-Z" to Article No. and specify Order code
SITRANS CV has a serial interface (RS 485/RS 232) for MODBUS
communication (RTU/ASCII). Modbus mapping can be flexibly
used (see manual for more information).
Russian configuration
Russian configuration for extended calorific
value analysis
A01
The operator input is by means of another separate interface via
Ethernet (TCP/IP).
Extended measuring range in combination
with position 8_0 and position 8_1
N2, C02, C1-C5, C6, C7 (+)
B02
Other serial and analog (4 to 20 mA) interfaces are optionally
possible using an external solution package (see Article No.
7KQ2160).
N2, C02, C1-C5, C6, C7, C8, C9 (+)
Acceptance and customer information
(in agreement with application laboratory)
Documentation
Factory acceptance, 1 day
D01
Factory acceptance (performance record), 1 day
D02
Factory acceptance, every additional day
D03
The documentation includes a SITRANS CV Manual and
CVControl Operating Manual in English and German. The
documents can be found on the enclosed CD.
Proof of repeatability
Safety manuals in all EU languages are also available on the CD.
Repeatability up to 8 h
E01
Repeatability up to 24 h
E02
Repeatability up to 48 h
E03
Selection and ordering data
Article No.
Analog data transmission and serial interface
External module for generation of analog and serial
interfaces
7KQ2160- 7 7 7
CVControl operating software
The operating software (language: English or Russian) is
included in the scope of supply. Windows XP or Windows 7 must
be installed on the computer in order to install this software.
A general system check is made of the basic unit and the
integrated application module. The module and basic unit are
described in the manual. In addition to the standard configuration, additional country-specific and user-specific sub-configurations are available. The performance record ex works
contains the analysis check, including a repeatability record (4h
test).
Click on the Article No. for the online configuration in
the PIA Life Cycle Portal.
Analog values via external unit (standard package)
2 analog values
0
4 analog values
1
8 analog values
The chromatograph is preconfigured; In addition, three
CD-ROMS are enclosed:
• SITRANS CV Software (including manuals and CVControl
Operating Instructions)
• Country-specific sub-setups
• Parameter backup
2
1)
16 analog values
3
20 analog values1)
4
Application
MODBUS multiplexer
Without multiplexer
A
Without CE certificate
B
With CE certificate
C
Enclosure
Without protective casing
A
With protective casing
B
1)
On request
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© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
SITRANS CV
Article No. Pos. 8_0: Applications –
Standard calorific value analysis
Article No. Position 8_3: Applications – Calorific value analysis
with backflush summation
This application comprises the standard calorific value analysis.
The chromatograph's measurement method is set at the factory,
using a synthetic natural gas mixture. The performance parameters specified in Table 5 and the criteria explained in the
subsequent text apply to the individual components in Table 1
and their physical variables.
This position includes the analysis of the components listed in
Table 4, in which case the components starting from C6, including the isomers, are regarded as the sum peak. This variant is
especially well suited for natural gases with very low content of
higher hydrocarbons, especially C6+.
The calculation of the calorimetric variables is possible
according to the following standards: ISO 6976-95, GOST,
AGA 8, where the former is preset. The reference states for the
combustion and for the gas volume that must be specified for
calculation purposes are preset to the standard state (Tb=25 °C,
Tn = 0 °C) and can be easily changed to other reference states
during commissioning using the operating software (Tb=
operating temperature, Tn= standard temperature).
3
However, this backflush summation can also be used to effectively analyze natural gas with typical C6+ fractions. The components up to and including C6+ can be analyzed within the
possible concentration ranges according to Table 4.
A01 – SITRANS CV for calorific value analysis Pos. 8_0, 8_1, 8_2
und 8_3 – Russian configuration
This position includes the possibility for ordering SITRANS CV
with a Russian Ex certificate.
The CVControl software provides the energy units BTU/ft3,
KWh/m3 and MJ/m3.
IMPORTANT: This Russian version results in a change in the
nomenclature from SITRANS CV to MicroSAM.
Article No. Pos. 8_1: Applications – extended calorific value
analysis with oxygen
The following also applies to Pos. 8_3:
The limits listed in GOST Standard 31371.7-2008 are checked
during the inspection and supplied with the device documentation.
This position includes the extended calorific value analysis of the
components and possible working ranges from Table 1. Oxygen
is measured in addition to the listed components (see Table 2).
A carrier gas dry filter (Article No. filter set A5E00400116) on the
mounting bracket of the SITRANS CV or enclosed separately is
used as standard for this measurement.
The remarks concerning oxygen and CO in footnote 1 of Table 1
are no longer applicable to this position. The information
concerning calculation and performance parameters are
identical to Pos. 8_0.
Important:
For correct operation of SITRANS CV in accordance with Pos.
8_0 and 8_1, all measured components must be present in the
calibration gas. The calibration gases listed in the table "Recommended calibration gases for Pos. 8_0 and 8_1" are recommended (also see Table 6):
Component
Pos. 8_0 (mol%)
Oxygen
Pos. 8_1 (mol%)
0.5
B02- SITRANS CV with extended measuring range in combination with Pos. 8_0
This position permits separate measurement of the group
isomers of the higher hydrocarbons C6 to C7(+) and C6 to C9
(+). In accordance with the designation C7(+) and C9 (+), a
detailed measurement is carried out up to and including n-C9.
Important:
Testing and certification of the SITRANS CV is carried out using
the standard calorific value analysis in accordance with
Pos. 8_0. If Pos. D02 or D03 has been selected, this does not
include repetition of the proof of repeatability (4 h test) of the unit
during the factory acceptance.
The following calibration gases are essential for operation of the
SITRANS CV including these extended measuring ranges:
Required
components
Calibration gas for C6
Calibration gas
and C7(+) measurement for C6 and C9(+)
(mol%)
measurement
(mol%)
Nitrogen
4
4
Carbon dioxide
1.5
1.5
Nitrogen
4.00
4.00
Methane
88.9
88.4
Carbon dioxide
1.50
1.50
Ethane
4
4
Methane
89,00
89,00
Propane
1
1
Ethane
4.00
4.00
Isobutane
0.2
0.2
Propane
1.00
1.00
n-butane
0.2
0.2
Isobutane
0.20
0.20
Neopentane
0.05
0.05
n-butane
0.20
0.20
Isopentane
0.05
0.05
Neopentane
0.10
0.10
n-pentane
0.05
0.05
Isopentane
0.05
0.05
n-hexane
0.05
0.05
n-pentane
0.05
0.05
n-hexane
0.05
0.05
n-heptane
0.05
0.05
Table 7: Recommended calibration gases for Pos. 8_0 and 8_1
A summary of the various country-specific setups, i.e. standard
settings including measured components and calibration gases,
can be found on the parameter backup CD in the "Readme.pdf"
document.
Article No. Pos. 8_2: Applications – Calorific analysis with
biomethane
This position contains the analysis of the components and
working ranges of the biomethane listed in Table 3. Based on the
measured concentrations of the components, the quality parameters – such as heating values – are determined in accordance
with the international standards ISO, GOST and AGA analogously to positions 8_0 and 8_1.
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Siemens AP 01 · 2015
n-octane
0.05
n-nonane
0.05
Table 8: Components and concentrations of the calibration gases for the
extended measuring ranges
Further information regarding startup of SITRANS CV including
C7(+) and C9(+) measurement can be found in the manual and
on the enclosed document CD (country-specific setup
"Readme.pdf" file)
© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
SITRANS CV
D01 - Acceptance and customer information - Factory
acceptance, visual check, 1 day
Component
Gas #1 (Mol.%)
Gas #2 (Mol.%)
Gas #3 (Mol.%)
Methane
Residual
(approx. 75)
Residual
(approx. 85)
Residual
(approx. 96.5)
Nitrogen
15.5
5
2.5
Carbon dioxide
0.5
2
0.1
Oxygen
0.5
2
4
Ethane
8
4
0.5
The scope of the tests to be carried out is described in Table 9
"Scope of tests during factory acceptance". When ordering D02,
please supplement the desired option from E0x.
Propane
0.5
2
0.15
i-butane
0.15
0.5
0.03
n-butane
0.15
0.5
0.03
Record of component isolation
Neopentane
0.08
0.3
0.03
i-pentane
0.08
0.3
0.03
n-pentane
0.08
0.3
0.03
Hexane
0.05
0.1
0.015
The scope of supply is checked and the documentation and
operation of the unit explained as part of the factory acceptance
process. The factory acceptance does not include repetition of
the proof of repeatability (4 h test) of the unit.
D02 - Acceptance and customer information - Factory
acceptance with performance record, 1 day
Stability test (repeatability)
Checking the Modbus connection
Through a final check of existing
documentation and according to
current chromatograms, 5 analyses
According to order E01 ... E03
Performance criteria according to
page 3/28 ff.
Checking or simulation of Modbus
communication can be carried out
using a flow computer provided by
the customer, for example.
Calculation test
Comparison of the values calculated
by CVControl with a customer comparison procedure (optional)
Auto-calibration function
Auto-optimization of method
The two functions are explained theoretically and practically during presentation of CVControl.
Alarm and event messages
Simulation of alarm situations;
as per customer requirement
Table 8: Scope of test during factory acceptance
SITRANS CV is a standard product. Only in this manner is it
possible to guarantee short delivery times and attractive prices.
All performance records required retrospectively require higher
overhead. However, will will be happy to come to an agreement
regarding implementation.
D03 - Acceptance and customer information - Factory
acceptance, each additional day
Only in conjunction with D01 or D02
E0x - Repeatability test
Proof of repeatability over a period of 4 h is included as
standard. Longer repeatability records for the unit can be
ordered by means of the supplementary item E0x.
E01 to E03 - Repeatability test, 8 h – 24 h – 48 h
Only in conjunction with D02
Linearity tests can be carried out in the factory on request. The
standard calibration gases required for this (Table 10: "Recommended calibration gases for linearity test during acceptance")
are provided free of charge. If the customer specifies other
calibration gases with different compositions or higher uncertainty requirements, they must provide these gases for acceptance purposes. As an option, Siemens can procure these
special calibration gases (subject to a charge).
On request, proof of the complete functionality of the
SITRANS CV is possible within the certified temperature and
ambient conditions.
Table 10: Recommended calibration gases for linearity test during
acceptance
The calibration gases have the following uncertainties:
Proportions of
component materials (Mol.%)
Uncertainty (or smaller)
0.1 ... 0.25
± 5.00 %
0.25 ... 1
± 1.00 %
1 ... 10
± 0.50 %
10 ... 100
± 0.20 %
Table 11: Uncertainties of calibration gases
Notes on 7KQ2160-..
Analog and serial data transmission
SITRANS CV does not provide internal analog outputs. These
properties can be provided by the SIMATIC Extension Unit.
This uses the Modbus output of the chromatograph in order to
generate up to 8 active analog outputs (standard, more analog
outputs on request).
Modbus multiplexers are available in addition, and allow up to
2 Modbus masters to be connected to the SITRANS CV. The
distance from the SITRANS CV should not be more than
1 200 m. In the case of an installation without enclosure (without
explosion protection), we deliver the components for generation
of analog outputs mounted on a rail, otherwise in the Ex d
enclosure.
Pos. 08_ 0 - 5 – Analog values via external unit
This position includes:
• Mounting rail
• Power supply
• SIMATIC S 7-300 and SIMATIC S7, Micro Memory Card 3.3 V
NFLASH, 64 KB
• Analog output module with terminating connector
• Protocol converter
Pos. 09_ A – C: Modbus multiplexer
(only applicable together with 0-4)
The Modbus signal can be routed using the Modbus multiplexer
and connected to two Modbus masters. B specifies supply of
the components without CE certificate.
Pos. 10_ A - B: Enclosure
This position includes the option for installation of the SIMATIC
extension unit in the hazardous area (Zone 1 and Zone 2). A
protective casing Ex d with standard cable glands including the
modules required for the analog outputs and the Modbus multiplexer (if applicable) are provided for this purpose.
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© Siemens AG 2015
Process Gas Chromatographs
SITRANS CV
■ Dimensional drawings
200
70
12
300
156
20
3
40 34
85
306
20
1
5
4
8
40
220
40
L = 4 000 mm
D 10 (4x)
SITRANS CV, dimensions in mm
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Siemens AP 01 · 2015