7-Bit Programmable, Multi-Phase Mobile, CPU Synchronous Buck Controller

ADP3207C
7-Bit Programmable,
Multi-Phase Mobile, CPU
Synchronous Buck
Controller
The ADP3207C is a high efficiency, multi−phase, synchronous,
buck−switching regulator controller optimized for converting
notebook battery voltage into the core supply voltage required by high
performance Intel processors. The part uses an internal 7−bit
Digital−to−Analog Converter (DAC) to read Voltage Identification
(VID) code directly from the processor that sets the output voltage.
The phase relationship of the output signals can be programmed to
provide 1−, 2−, or 3−phase operation, allowing for the construction of
up to three interleaved buck−switching stages.
The ADP3207C uses a multi−mode architecture to drive the
logic−level PWM outputs at a programmable switching frequency that
can be optimized depending on the output current requirement. The
part switches between multi−phase and single−phase operation to
maximize its effectiveness under all load conditions. In addition, the
ADP3207C includes a programmable slope function to adjust the
output voltage as a function of the load current. As a result, it is always
best positioned for a system transient.
The chip also provides accurate and reliable short−circuit
protection, adjustable current limiting, and a delayed power−good
output that accommodates On−the−Fly (OTF) output voltage changes
requested by the CPU.
The ADP3207C is specified over the extended commercial
temperature range of −10°C to 100°C and is available in a 40−lead
LFCSP.
The ADP3207CF has a soft−start time one tenth of ADP3207C.
There are no other differences between the ADP3207C and
ADP3207CF.
• 1−, 2−, or 3−Phase Operation at Up to 750 kHz per Phase
• $7 mV Worst−Case Differential Sensing Error
• Input Voltage Range of 3.3 V to 22 V
• Interleaved PWM Outputs for Driving External High
•
•
•
•
•
•
Overtemperature
•
•
Power MOSFET Drivers
Enhanced PWM FlexModet for Excellent Load
Transient Performance
Automatic Power−Saving Modes Maximize Efficiency
During Light Load and Deeper Sleep Operation
Soft Transient Control Reduces Inrush Current and
Audio Noise
Active Current Balancing Between Output Phases
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2009
December, 2009 − Rev. 0
LFCSP40
CASE 932AC
MARKING DIAGRAMS
ADP3207C
AWLYYWWG
A
WL
YYWW
G
ADP3207C
CF
AWLYYWWG
= Assembly Location
= Wafer Lot
= Date Code
= Pb−Free Package
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package
dimensions section on page 31 of this data sheet.
• Independent Current Limit and Load Line Setting
Features
•
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•
Inputs for Additional Design Flexibility
Built−In, Power−Good Masking Supports VID OTF
7−Bit Digitally Programmable 0.3 V to 1.5 V Output
Overload and Short−Circuit Protection Latchoff Delay
Built−In, Clock Enable Output Delays CPU Clock Until
CPU Supply Voltage Stabilizes
Current Monitor Output Signals the Total Output Power
of the Buck Converter
This is a Pb−Free Device
Applications
• Notebook Power Supplies for Next Generation
Intel® Processors
1
Publication Order Number:
ADP3207C/D
SP
VARFREQ
RAMP
RT
RPM
EN
VCC
GND
ADP3207C
UVLO
Shutdown
Oscillator
COMP
FB
Logic
+
S
REF
+
−
+
LLINE
S
+
PWM2
Current
VEA
−
PWM1
Driver
and Bias
+
Balancing
−
Circuit
OD
CSREF
+
_
PWM3
OVP
DCM
−
1.7V
SW1
PSI
TTSNS
Thermal
VRTT
Control
SW2
Throttle
SW3
DAC − 200 mV
CSREF
−
OCP
+
Shutdown
Delay
−
Logic
Current
Limit
Current
Circuit
+
DAC − 300 mV
PWRGD
Startup
Delay
PWRGD
Open
Drain
PWRGD
Precision
Reference
FBRTN
Disable
Soft−Start
REF
IREF
VID0
VID1
VID2
VID3
DAC
VID4
+
CSREF
−
CSSUM
ILIMP
Soft Transient
VID5
IMON
ILIMN
VID
DAC
VID6
DPRSTP
CSCOMP
Delay
CLKEN
Startup
Delay
DPRSTP
Current
IMON
Monitor
Monitor
Soft
Transient
Delay
CLKEN
Open
Drain
CLKEN
DPRSTP
DPRSLP
DPRSLP
Logic
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram
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2
ADP3207C
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Parameter
Rating
Unit
VCC
−0.3 to +6.0
V
FBRTN
−0.3 to +0.3
V
SW1 to SW3
DC
t < 200 ns
−5 to +22
−10 to +28
RAMPADJ (In Shutdown)
V
−0.3 to +22
V
All Other Inputs and Outputs
−0.3 to VCC + 0.3
V
Storage Temperature Range
−65 to +150
°C
Operating Ambient Temperature Range
−10 to 100
°C
Operating Junction Temperature
125
°C
Thermal Impedance (qJA)
98
°C/W
Lead Temperature
Soldering (10 sec)
Infrared (15 sec)
300
260
°C
31 VCC
32 PSI
33 DPSTP
34 VID6
35 VID5
36 VID4
37 VID3
38 VID2
39 VID1
40 VID0
Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the
Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect
device reliability.
NOTE: This device is ESD sensitive. Use standard ESD precautions when handling.
EN
1
30
TTSN
PWRGD
2
29
VRTT
IMON
3
28
DCM
CLKEN
4
27
OD
FBRTN
5
26
PWM1
FB
6
25
PWM2
COMP
7
24
PWM3
NC
8
23
SW1
RPM
9
22
SW2
DPRSLP
10
21
SW3
Figure 2. Pin Configuration
(Top View)
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3
GND 20
CSCOMP 19
CSREF 17
CSSUM 18
LLINE 16
RAMP 15
RT 14
ILIMN 13
ILIMP 12
IREF 11
ADP3207C
ADP3207C
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Pin No
Mnemonic
1
EN
Power Supply Enable Input. Pulling this pin to GND disables the PWM outputs and pulls the PWRGD
output low.
2
PWRGD
Power−Good Output. Open−drain output that signals when the output voltage is outside of the proper
operating range. The pull−high voltage on this pin cannot be higher than VCC.
3
IMON
Current Monitor Output. This pin sources a current proportional to the output load current. A resistor to
FBRTN sets the current monitor gain.
4
CLKEN
Clock Enable Output. The pull−high voltage on this pin cannot be higher than VCC.
5
FBRTN
Feedback Return. VID DAC and error amplifier reference for remote sensing of the output voltage.
6
FB
7
COMP
8
NC
9
RPM
10
DPRSLP
11
IREF
This pin sets the internal bias currents. A 80kW resistor is connected from this pin to ground.
12
ILIMP
Current Limit Set. An external resistor from ILIMN to ILIMP sets the current limit threshold of the converter.
13
ILIMN
Current Limit Set. An external resistor from ILIMN to ILIMP sets the current limit threshold of the converter.
14
RT
15
RAMPADJ
16
LLSET
Output Load Line Programming Input. The center point of a resistor divider between CSREF and
CSCOMP is connected to this pin to set the load line slope.
17
CSREF
Current Sense Reference Voltage Input. The voltage on this pin is used as the reference for the current
sense amplifier and the power−good and crowbar functions. This pin should be connected to the common
point of the output inductors.
18
CSSUM
Current Sense Summing Node. External resistors from each switch node to this pin sum the inductor
currents together to measure the total output current.
19
CSCOMP
20
GND
21 to
23
SW3 to SW1
24 to
26
PWM3 to
PWM1
27
OD
28
DCM
Discontinuous Current Mode Enable Output. This pin is actively pulled low when the single−phase inductor
current crosses zero.
29
VRTT
Voltage Regulator Thermal Throttling Logic Output. This pin goes high if the temperature at the monitoring
point connected to TTSENSE exceeds the programmed VRTT temperature threshold.
30
TTSENSE
Thermal Throttling Sense Input and OVP Disable. The center point of a resistor divider (where the lower
resistor is an NTC thermistor) between VCC and GND is connected to this pin to remotely sense the
temperature at the desired thermal monitoring point. Connect TTSENSE VCC if Thermal Throttling is not used.
31
VCC
Supply Voltage for the Device.
32
PSI
Power State Indicator Input. Pulling this pin to GND forces the ADP3207C to operate in single−phase
mode.
33
DRPSTP
34 to
40
VID6 to VID0
Description
Feedback Input. Error amplifier input for remote sensing of the output voltage.
Error Amplifier Output and Compensation Point.
Not Connected.
RPM Mode Timing Control Input. A resistor between this pin to ground sets the RPM mode turn−on
threshold voltage.
Deeper Sleep Control Input.
Multi−phase Frequency Setting Input. An external resistor connected between this pin and GND sets the
oscillator frequency of the device when operating in multi−phase PWM mode.
PWM Ramp Current Input. An external resistor from the converter input voltage to this pin sets the internal
PWM ramp.
Current Sense Compensation Point. A resistor and capacitor from this pin to CSSUM determine the gain of
the current sense amplifier and the positioning loop response time.
Ground. All internal biasing and the logic output signals of the device are referenced to this ground.
Current Balance Inputs. Inputs for measuring the current level in each phase. The SW pins of unused
phases should be left open.
Logic−Level PWM Outputs. Each output is connected to the input of an external MOSFET driver, such as
the ADP3611. Connecting the PWM2 and/or PWM3 outputs to VCC causes that phase to turn off, allowing
the ADP3207C to operate as a 1−, 2−, or 3−phase controller.
Multi−phase Output Disable Logic Output. This pin is actively pulled low when the ADP3207C enters
single−phase mode or during shutdown. Connect this pin to the SD inputs of the Phase 2 and Phase 3
MOSFET drivers.
Deeper Stop Control Input.
Voltage Identification DAC Inputs. When in normal operation mode, the DAC output programs the FB
regulation voltage from 0.3 V to 1.5 V (see Table 3).
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4
ADP3207C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VCC = 5.0 V, FBRTN = GND, EN = VCC, VVID = 0.50 V to 1.5000 V, PSI = 1.05 V,
DPRSLP = GND, DPRSTP= 1.05 V, LLSET = CSREF, TA = −10°C to 100°C, unless otherwise noted (Note 1). RREF = 80 kW.
Current entering a pin (sunk by the device) has a positive sign.
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
VOLTAGE CONTROL − Voltage Error Amplifier (VEAMP)
FB, LLINE Voltage Range
(Note 2)
VFB, VLLINE
Relative to CSREF = VDAC
−200
+200
mV
FB, LLINE Offset Voltage
(Note 2)
VOSVEA
Relative to CSREF = VDAC
−0.5
+0.5
mV
FB Bias Current (Note 2)
IFB
−1.0
1.0
A
LLINE Bias Current (Note 2)
ILL
−50
50
nA
LLINE Positioning Accuracy
VFB − VVID
−82
mV
Measured on FB relative to VVID, LLINE
forced 80 mV below CSREF
−78
0.85
COMP Voltage Range
VCOMP
Operating Range
COMP Current
ICOMP
COMP = 2.0 V, CSREF = VDAC
FB forced 200 mV below CSREF
FB forced 200 mV above CSREF
COMP Slew Rate
Gain Bandwidth (Note 2)
SRCOMP
GBW
−80
4.0
0.75
6.0
CCOMP = 10 pF, CSREF = VDAC, Open loop
configuration
FB forced 200 mV below CSREF
FB forced 200 mV above CSREF
V
mA
V/ms
15
−20
Non−inverting unit gain configuration,
RFB = 1 kW
20
MHz
VID DAC VOLTAGE REFERENCE
VDAC Voltage Range
VDAC Accuracy
See VID Code Table
VFB − VVID
Measured on FB (includes offset), relative to
VVID, for VID table see Table 3,
TA = −10°C to 85°C
VVID = 1.2125 V to 1.5000 V
VVID = 0.3000 V to 1.2000 V
VDAC Differential Non−linearity (Note 2)
VDAC Line Regulation
VDAC Boot Voltage
DVFB
VBOOTFB
−9.0
−7.0
+9.0
+7.0
−1.0
+1.0
LSB
0.05
%
V
Measured from EN pos edge to FB = 50 mV
tSS
Measured from EN pos edge to FB settles to
VBOOT = 1.2 V within −5%
ADP3207C
ADP3207CF
FBRTN Current
mV
1.200
tDSS
VDAC Slew Rate
V
Measured during boot delay period
Soft−Start Time
tBOOT
1.5
VCC = 4.75 V to 5.25 V
Soft−Start Delay (Note 2)
Boot Delay
0
200
ms
ms
1.4
0.14
Measured from FB settling to VBOOT = 1.2 V
within −5% to CLKEN neg edge
100
ms
Soft−Start ADP3207C
Soft−Start ADP3207CF
Non−LSB VID step, DPRSLP = H, Slow C4
Entry/Exit
Non−LSB VID step, DPRSLP = L, Fast C4
Exit
0.0625
0.625
0.25
LSB/
ms
1.0
IFBRTN
90
200
mA
VOLTAGE MONITORING AND PROTECTION − Power Good
CSREF Undervoltage
Threshold
VUVCSREF
Relative to nominal DAC Voltage:
= 0.5125 V to 1.5 V
= 0.3 V to 0.5 V
−240
−160
−300
−300
−360
−360
CSREF Overvoltage
Threshold
VOVCSREF
Relative to nominal DAC Voltage
150
200
250
mV
CSREF Crowbar Voltage
Threshold
VCBCSREF
Relative to FBRTN
1.65
1.7
1.75
V
1. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC).
2. Guaranteed by design or bench characterization, not production tested.
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5
mV
ADP3207C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VCC = 5.0 V, FBRTN = GND, EN = VCC, VVID = 0.50 V to 1.5000 V, PSI = 1.05 V,
DPRSLP = GND, DPRSTP= 1.05 V, LLSET = CSREF, TA = −10°C to 100°C, unless otherwise noted (Note 1). RREF = 80 kW.
Current entering a pin (sunk by the device) has a positive sign.
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
−350
−300
−70
−5.0
85
150
mV
1.0
mA
VOLTAGE MONITORING AND PROTECTION − Power Good
VRVCSREF
CSREF Reverse Voltage
Threshold
Relative to FBRTN, Latchoff mode:
CSREF Falling
CSREF Rising
mV
PWRGD Low Voltage
VPWRGD
IPWRGD(SINK) = 4 mA
PWRGD High, Leakage
Current
IPWRGD
VPWRDG = 5.0 V
PWRGD Startup Delay
TSSPWRGD
Measured from CLKEN neg edge to PWRGD
Pos Edge
8.0
ms
PWRGD Latchoff Delay
TLOFFPWRGD
Measured from Out−off−Good−Window event
to Latchoff (switching stops)
8.0
ms
TPDPWRGD
Measured from Out−off−Good−Window event
to PWRGD neg edge
200
ns
Measured from Crowbar event to Latchoff
(switching stops)
200
ns
PWRGD Masking Time
Triggered by any VID change or OCP event
100
ms
CSREF Soft−Stop
Resistance
EN = L or Latchoff condition
70
W
PWRGD Propagation Delay
Crowbar Latchoff Delay
(Note 2)
TLOFFCB
CURRENT CONTROL − Current Sense Amplifier (CSAMP)
CSSUM, CSREF Common−Mode Range
(Note 2)
Voltage range of interest
CSSUM, CSREF Offset
Voltage
VOSCSA
CSREF − CSSUM, TA = −10°C to 85°C
TA = 25°C
CSSUM Bias Current
IBCSSUM
CSREF Bias Current
IBCSREF
0
2.0
V
−1.7
−0.5
+1.7
+0.5
mV
−50
+50
nA
−50
+50
nA
0.05
2.0
V
CSCOMP Voltage Range (Note 2)
Operating Range
CSCOMP Current
CSCOMP = 2.0 V
CSSUM forced 200 mV below CSREF
CSSUM forced 200 mV above CSREF
−750
1.0
CCSCOMP = 10 pF, Open Loop Configuration
CSSUM forced 200 mV below CSREF
CSSUM forced 200 mV above CSREF
10
−10
ICSCOMPsource
ICSCOMPsink
CSCOMP Slew Rate
Gain Bandwidth (Note 2)
GBWCSA
Non−inverting unit gain configuration
RFB = 1 kW
mA
mA
V/ms
20
MHz
CURRENT MONITORING AND PROTECTION
Current Reference
IREF Voltage
Current Limiter (OCP)
Current Limit Threshold
Current Limit Latchoff Delay
VREF
VLIMTH
RREF = 80 kW to set IREF = 20 mA
Measured from CSCOMP to CSREF,
RLIM = 4.5 kW,
2−ph configuration, PSI = H
2−ph configuration, PSI = L
Measured from CSCOMP to CSREF,
RLIM = 4.5 kW,
3−ph configuration, PSI = H
3−ph configuration, PSI = L
1−ph configuration
Measured from OCP event to PWRGD
deassertion
1.55
1.6
6
V
mV
−70
−30
−90
−45
−115
−65
−70
−15
−70
−90
−30
−90
−115
−50
−115
8.0
1. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC).
2. Guaranteed by design or bench characterization, not production tested.
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1.65
ms
ADP3207C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VCC = 5.0 V, FBRTN = GND, EN = VCC, VVID = 0.50 V to 1.5000 V, PSI = 1.05 V,
DPRSLP = GND, DPRSTP= 1.05 V, LLSET = CSREF, TA = −10°C to 100°C, unless otherwise noted (Note 1). RREF = 80 kW.
Current entering a pin (sunk by the device) has a positive sign.
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Current Gain Accuracy
IMON/ILIM
Measured from ILIMP to IMON
ILIM = −20 mA
ILIM = −10 mA
9.3
9.2
10
10
10.7
10.8
IMON Clamp Voltage
VMAXMON
Relative to FBRTN, ILIMP = −30 mA
1.05
Unit
CURRENT MONITOR
1.15
V
1.28
V
3.0
MHz
PULSE WIDTH MODULATOR − Clock Oscillator
RT Voltage
VRT
RT = 125 kW, VVID = 1.4000 V
See also VRT(VVID) formula
1.12
PWM Clock Frequency
Range (Note 2)
fCLK
Operating Range
0.3
PWM Clock Frequency
fCLK
TA = +25°C, VVID = 1.2000 V
RT = 73 kW
RT = 125 kW
RT = 180 kW
1150
500
1.2
kHz
1450
850
630
1750
1.0
VIN
1.1
V
780
RAMP GENERATOR
RAMP Voltage
VRAMP
EN = high, IRAMP = 30 mA
EN = low
0.9
RAMP Current Range
(Note 2)
IRAMP
EN = high
EN = low, RAMP = 19 V
1.0
−0.5
100
+0.5
mA
VRAMP − VCOMP
−3.0
3.0
mV
PWM COMPARATOR
PWM Comparator Offset
(Note 2)
VOSRPM
RPM COMPARATOR
RPM Current
RPM Comparator Offset
(Note 2)
IRPM
VOSRPM
−8.8
VVID = 1.2 V, RT = 125 kW
See also IRPM(RT) formula
VCOMP − (1 +VRPM)
−3.0
mA
3.0
mV
EPWM CLOCK SYNC
Relative to COMP sampled TCLK earlier
3−phase configuration
2−phase configuration
1−phase configuration
Trigger Threshold (Note 2)
mV
300
350
400
SWITCH AMPLIFIER
SW Common Mode Range
(Note 2)
SW Input Resistance
VSW(X)CM
RSW(X)
Operating Range for current sensing
SWX = 0 V
−600
20
32
+200
mV
45
kW
ZERO CURRENT SWITCHING COMPARATOR
SW ZCS Threshold
VDCM(SW1)
DCM mode, DPRSLP = 3.3 V
−4.0
mV
Masked Off Time
tOFFMSKD
Measured from PWM neg edge to PWM Pos
Edge at max frequency of operation
700
ns
SYSTEM I/O BUFFERS VID[6:0], PSI INPUTS
Input Voltage
Refers to driving signal level
Logic low, Isink w 1 mA
Logic high, Isource v −5 mA
Input Current
V = 0.2 V
VID[6:0], DPRSLP (active pulldown to GND)
PSI (active pullup to VCC)
VID Delay Time (Note 2)
Any VID edge to FB change 10%
0.3
0.7
−1.0
+2.0
200
1. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC).
2. Guaranteed by design or bench characterization, not production tested.
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7
V
mA
ns
ADP3207C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VCC = 5.0 V, FBRTN = GND, EN = VCC, VVID = 0.50 V to 1.5000 V, PSI = 1.05 V,
DPRSLP = GND, DPRSTP= 1.05 V, LLSET = CSREF, TA = −10°C to 100°C, unless otherwise noted (Note 1). RREF = 80 kW.
Current entering a pin (sunk by the device) has a positive sign.
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
DPRSLP
Refers to driving signal level
Logic low, Isink w 1 mA
Logic high, Isource v −5 mA
Input Voltage
Input Current
0.4
2.3
DPRSLP = low
DPRSLP = high
−1.0
+2.0
V
mA
DPRSTP
Input Voltage (Note 2)
Refers to driving signal level
Logic low, Isink w 1 mA
Logic high, Isource v −5 mA
0.3
0.7
Input Current (Note 2)
1.0
V
mA
EN INPUT
Refers to driving signal level
Logic low, Isink w 1 mA
Logic high, Isource v −5 mA
Input Voltage
Input Current
0.3
2.3
EN = L or EN = H (Static)
0.8 V < EN < 1.6 V (During Transition)
10
70
Output Low Voltage
Logic low, Isink = 4 mA
30
Output High, Leakage
Current
Logic high, VCLKEN = VCC
V
nA
mA
CLKEN OUTPUT
200
mV
1.0
mA
5.0
V
2.55
V
THERMAL MONITORING AND PROTECTION
0
TTSNS Voltage Range
(Note 2)
TTSNS Threshold
TTSNS Bias Current
VRTT Output Voltage
VVRTT
VCC = 5.0 V, TTSNS is falling
2.45
TTSNS = 2.6 V
−2.0
Logic low, IVRTT(SINK) = 400 mA
Logic high, IVRTT(SOURCE) = −400 mA
TTSNS Hysteresis
2.5
4.0
10
5.0
50
100
4.0
10
5.0
2.0
mA
50
mV
V
mV
PWM, OD, AND DCM OUTPUT
Output Low Voltage
Logic Low, ISINK = 400 mA
Logic High, ISOURCE = −400 mA
200
mV
V
SUPPLY
Supply Voltage Range
VCC
5.5
V
EN = H
EN = 0 V
6.0
20
10
100
mA
mA
VCCOK
VCC is Rising
4.4
4.5
V
VCCUVLO
VCC is Falling
Supply Current
VCC OK Threshold
VCC UVLO Threshold
4.5
4.0
VCC Hysteresis (Note 2)
4.15
V
150
mV
1. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC).
2. Guaranteed by design or bench characterization, not production tested.
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8
ADP3207C
TEST CIRCUITS
PSI
VCC
VID6
DPSTP
VID5
VID4
VID3
VID2
EN
VID1
1
3.3 V
VID0
5.0 V
TTSN
PWRGD
VRTT
OD
CLKEN
FBRTN
5.0 V
PWM2
PWM3
COMP
10 nF
19
VCC
CSCOMP
39 kW
18
SW3
GND
CSCOMP
CSSUM
CSREF
LLINE
ILIMP
RAMP
SW2
RT
SW1
RPM
ILIMN
NC
DPRSLP
31
PWM1
ADP3207C
FB
IREF
ADP3207C
DCM
IMON
1 kW
1 mF
1 kW
17
CSSUM
−
CSREF
+
1.0 V
1 kW
20
GND
V
OS
+
CSCOMP * 1.0 V
40 V
100 nF
Figure 3. Closed−Loop Output Voltage Accuracy
5.0 V
Figure 4. Current Sense Amplifier VOS
ADP3207C
VCC
31
COMP
7
10 kW
FB
−
6
+
LLINE
16
DV
−
+
+
−
CSREF
VID DAC
17
1.0 V
+
−
GND
20
DV
FB
+ FB
DV
+ DELATV * FB
DV+0 mV
Figure 5. Positioning Accuracy
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ADP3207C
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
CLKEN
CLKEN
PWRGD
ENABLE
ENABLE
PWRGD
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Figure 6. ADP3207CF Startup
Figure 7. ADP3207C Startup
1000
ENABLE
VID = 1.4125 V
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)
CLKEN
PWRGD
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
1.2125 V
1.1 V
0.8125 V
0.6125 V
2−Phase Configuration
100
10
100
1000
Rt, RESISTANCE (kW)
Figure 8. ADP3207C Startup
Figure 9. Per Phase Switching Frequency vs.
RT Resistance
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
VOLTAGE
SW3
SW3
SW2
SW2
SW1
SW1
Input = 12 V
9 A to 44 A
Figure 10. Load Transient
Figure 11. Load Transient
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ADP3207C
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
VOLTAGE
SW3
SW3
SW2
SW2
SW1
SW1
Input = 12 V
44 A to 9 A
Input = 12 V
2 A to 12 A
Figure 12. Load Transient
Figure 13. Single Phase Load Transient
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
VOLTAGE
SW3
SW3
SW2
SW2
SW1
SW1
Input = 12 V
2 A to 12 A
Input = 12 V
12 A to 2 A
Figure 14. Single Phase Load Transient
Figure 15. Single Phase Load Transient
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
PSI
PSI
SW1
SW1
SW3
SW3
SW2
SW2
Input = 12 V
Output = 1.0 V
No Load
DPRSLP = Low
Input = 12 V
Output = 1.0 V
No Load
DPRSLP = Low
Figure 16. PSI Transition
Figure 17. PSI Transition
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ADP3207C
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
DPRSLP
DPRSLP
SW1
SW1
SW3
SW3
SW2
SW2
Input = 12 V
Output = 1.0 V
1 A Load
PSI = Low
Input = 12 V
Output = 1.0 V
1 A Load
PSI = Low
Figure 18. DPRSLP Transition
Figure 19. DPRSLP Transition
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
DPRSLP
DPRSLP
SW1
SW1
SW3
SW3
SW2
SW2
Input = 12 V
Output = 1.0 V
1 A Load
PSI = High
Input = 12 V
Output = 1.0 V
1 A Load
PSI = High
Figure 20. DPRSLP Transition
Figure 21. DPRSLP Transition
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ADP3207C
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
30
250
200
Output Ripple
24 A Load (DCM)
150
100
5
20
Output Ripple
10 A Load (DCM)
15
10
Switching Frequency
2 A Load (DCM)
50
0
25
Switching Frequency
10 A Load (CCM)
Output = 1.0 V
PSI = High
DRPSLP = Low
10
15
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
5
OUTPUT RIPPLE (mV)
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)
300
0
20
350
35
300
30
250
25
Switching Frequency
200
20
150
15
10
100
Output Ripple
Input = 12 V
10 A Load
DRPSLP = Low
50
0
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.25
OUTPUT RIPPLE (mV)
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)
Figure 22. Switching Frequency and Output Ripple in RPM
5
0
1.5
Figure 23. Switching Frequency and Output Ripple in RPM
250
200
150
100
Input = 12 V
Output = 1.0 V
DRPSLP = Low
50
0
0
2
4
6
8
RPM = 71.5 W
RT = 110 kW
RAMP = 499 kW
10
12
14
500
10
450
9
400
8
Switching Frequency
300
6
250
5
200
4
150
50
0
0.25
3
Output Ripple
Input = 12 V
PSI = High
DRPSLP = High
3−Phase
100
0
16
7
350
2
1
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
LOAD CURRENT (A)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 24. Switching Frequency in RPM
Figure 25. Switching Frequency in PWM
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0
1.5
OUTPUT RIPPLE (mV)
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)
300
ADP3207C
Theory of Operation
The ADP3207C combines a multi−mode Ramp Pulse
Modulated (PWM/RPM) control with multi−phase logic
outputs for use in 1−, 2−, and 3−phase synchronous buck CPU
core supply power converters. The internal 7−bit VID DAC
conforms to Intel IMVP−6 specifications. Multi−phase
operation is important for producing the high currents and
low voltages demanded by today’s microprocessors.
Handling high currents in a single−phase converter puts high
thermal stress on the system components, such as the
inductors and MOSFETs.
The multi−mode control of the ADP3207C ensures a stable
high performance topology for:
• Balancing currents and thermals between phases
• High speed response at the lowest possible switching
frequency and minimal output decoupling
• Minimizing thermal switching losses due to lower
frequency operation
• Tight load line regulation and accuracy
• High current output by supporting up to 3−phase
operation
• Reduced output ripple due to multi−phase ripple
cancellation
• High power conversion efficiency both at heavy load
and light load
• PC board layout noise immunity
• Ease of use and design due to independent component
selection
• Flexibility in operation by allowing optimization of
design for low cost or high performance
5.0 V rail function as normal PWM outputs. The pins that are
connected to VCC enter into high impedance state.
The PWM outputs are 5.0 V logic−level signals intended
for driving external gate drivers, such as the ADP3611.
Because each phase is monitored independently, operation
approaching 100% duty cycle is possible. In addition, more
than one output can operate at a time to allow overlapping
phases.
Operation Modes
For the ADP3207C, the number of phases can be selected
by the user as described in the Number of Phases section, or
they can dynamically change based on system signals to
optimize the power conversion efficiency at heavy and light
CPU loads.
During a VID transient or at a heavy load condition,
indicated by DPRSLP going low and PSI going high, the
ADP3207C runs in full−phase mode. All user−selected
phases operate in interleaved PWM mode, which results in
minimal VCore ripple and best transient performance.
While in light load mode, indicated by either PSI going low
or DPRSLP going high, only Phase 1 of the ADP3207C is
in operation to maximize power conversion efficiency.
In addition to the change of phase number, the ADP3207C
dynamically changes operation modes. In multi−phase
operation, the ADP3207C runs in PWM mode, with
switching frequency controlled by the master clock. In
single−phase mode based on the PSI signal, the ADP3207C
switches to RPM mode, where the switching frequency is no
longer controlled by the master clock, but by the ripple
voltage appearing on the COMP pin. The PWM1 pin is set
to high each time the COMP pin voltage rises to a limit
determined by the VID voltage and programmed by the
external resistor connected between Pin VRPM and
Pin RRPM. In single−phase mode based on the DPRSLP
signal, the ADP3207C runs in RPM mode, with the
synchronous rectifier (low−side) MOSFETs of Phase 1
being controlled by the DCM pin to prevent any reverse
inductor current. Thus, the switch frequency varies with the
load current, resulting in maximum power conversion
efficiency in deeper sleep mode of CPU operation. In
addition, during any VID transient, system transient
(entry/exit of deeper sleep), or current limit, the ADP3207C
goes into full phase mode, regardless of DPRSLP and PSI
signals, eliminating current stress to Phase 1.
Table 1 summarizes how the ADP3207C dynamically
changes phase number and operation modes based on
system signals and operating conditions.
Number of Phases
The number of operational phases and their phase
relationship is determined by internal circuitry that monitors
the PWM outputs. Normally, the ADP3207C operates as a
3−phase controller. For 2−phase operation, the PWM3 pin is
connected to VCC 5.0 V programs, and for 1−phase
operation, the PWM3 and PWM2 pins are connected to VCC
5.0 V programs.
When the ADP3207C is initially enabled, the controller
sinks 50 mA on the PWM2 and PWM3 pins. An internal
comparator checks the voltage of each pin against a high
threshold of 3.0 V. If the pin voltage is high due to pullup to
the VCC 5.0 V rail, then the phase is disabled. The phase
detection is made during the first three clock cycles of the
internal oscillator. After phase detection, the 50 mA current
sink is removed. The pins that are not connected to the VCC
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ADP3207C
Table 1. Phase Number and Operation Modes
PSI
DPRSLP
VID Transient
Period (Note 1)
Hit Current
Limit
No. of Phases
Selected by User
No. of Phases
in Operation
Operation Mode
DNC
DNC
Yes
DNC
N 3, 2, or 1
N
PWM, CCM Only
1
0
No
DNC
N 3, 2, or 1
N
PWM, CCM Only
0
0
No
No
DNC
Phase 1 only
RPM, CCM Only
0
0
No
Yes
DNC
N
PWM, CCM Only
DNC
1
No
No
DNC
Phase 1 only
RPM, Automatic
CCM / DCM
DNC
1
No
Yes
DNC
N
PWM, CCM Only
1. VID transient period is the time following any VID change, including entrance and exit of deeper sleep mode. The duration of VID transient
period is the same as that of PWRGD masking time.
2. DNC = Do Not Care.
3. CCM = Continuous Conduction Mode.
4. DCM = Discontinuous Conduction Mode.
Switch Frequency Setting
The CPU core output voltage is sensed between the FB pin
and the FBRTN pin. Connect FB through a resistor to the
positive regulation point, usually the VCC remote sense pin of
the microprocessor. Connect FBRTN directly to the negative
remote sense point, the VSS sense point of the CPU. The
internal VID DAC and precision voltage reference are
referenced to FBRTN and have a maximum current of 200 mA
to guarantee accurate remote sensing.
Master Clock Frequency for PWM Mode
The clock frequency of the ADP3207C is set by an
external resistor connected from the RT pin to ground. The
frequency varies with the VID voltage; the lower the VID
voltage, the lower the clock frequency. The variation of
clock frequency with VID voltage makes VCore ripple
remain constant and improves power conversion efficiency
at a lower VID voltage.
To determine the switching frequency per phase, the clock
is divided by the number of phases in use. If PWM3 is pulled
up to VCC, then the master clock is divided by 2 for the
frequency of the remaining phases. If PWM2 and PWM3 are
pulled up to VCC, then the switching frequency of a Phase 1
equals the master clock frequency. If all phases are in use,
divide by 3.
Output Current Sensing
The ADP3207C provides a dedicated current sense
amplifier (CSA) to monitor the total output current of the
converter for proper voltage positioning vs. load current and
for current limit detection. Sensing the load current being
delivered to the load is inherently more accurate than
detecting peak current or sampling the current across a sense
element, such as the low−side MOSFET. The current sense
amplifier can be configured several ways depending on
system requirements, including:
• Output inductor ESR sensing without use of a
thermistor for lowest cost
• Output inductor ESR sensing with use of a thermistor
that tracks inductor temperature to improve accuracy
• Discrete resistor sensing for highest accuracy
The positive input of the CSA is connected to the CSREF
pin, which is connected to the output voltage. At the negative
input CSSUM pin of the CSA, signals from the sensing
element (that is, in case of inductor RDC sensing, signals
from the switch node side of the output inductors) are
summed together by using series summing resistors. The
feedback resistor between CSCOMP and CSSUM sets the
gain of the current sense amplifier, and a filter capacitor is
placed in parallel with this resistor. The current information
is then given as the voltage difference between CSREF and
CSCOMP. This signal is used internally as a differential input
for the current limit comparator.
An additional resistor divider connected between CSREF
and CSCOMP with the midpoint connected to LLSET can be
used to set the load line required by the microprocessor
specification. The current information for load line setting is
Switching Frequency for RPM Mode−Phase 1
When ADP3207C operates in single−phase RPM mode, its
switching frequency is not controlled by the master clock, but
by the ripple voltage on the COMP pin. The PWM1 pin is set
high each time the COMP pin voltage rises to a voltage limit
determined by the VID voltage and the external resistance
connected between Pin RPM and ground. Whenever PWM1
pin is high, an internal ramp signal rises at a slew rate
programmed by the current flowing into the RAMP pin. Once
this internal ramp signal hits the COMP pin voltage, the
PWM1 pin is reset to low.
In continuous current mode, the switching frequency of
RPM operation is maintained almost constantly. While in
discontinuous current mode, the switching frequency reduces
with the load current.
Output Voltage Differential Sensing
The ADP3207C combines differential sensing with a high
accuracy, VID DAC, precision REF output and a low offset
error amplifier to meet the rigorous accuracy requirement of
the Intel IMVP−6 specification. In steady−state, the VID
DAC and error amplifier meet the worst−case error
specification of $10 mV over the full operating output
voltage and temperature range.
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ADP3207C
amounts to achieve thermal balance starting with the coolest
phase.
If adjusting current balance between phases is not needed,
RSW should be 1 kW for all phases.
then given as the voltage difference of CSREF − LLSET. The
configuration in the previous paragraph makes it possible for
the load line slope to be set independent of the current limit
threshold. In the event that the current limit threshold and load
line do not have to be independent, the resistor divider
between CSREF and CSCOMP can be omitted and the
CSCOMP pin can be connected directly to LLSET. To disable
voltage positioning entirely (that is, to set no load line), tie
LLSET to CSREF.
To provide the best accuracy for current sensing, the CSA
is designed to have a low offset input voltage. In addition, the
sensing gain is set by an external resistor ratio.
Voltage Control Mode
A high gain bandwidth error amplifier is used for the
voltage−mode control loop. The non−inverting input voltage
is set via the 7−bit VID DAC. The VID codes are listed in
Table 3. The non−inverting input voltage is offset by the
droop voltage as a function of current, commonly known as
active voltage positioning. The output of the error amplifier
is the COMP pin, which sets the termination voltage for the
internal PWM ramps.
The negative input, FB, is tied to the output sense location
through a resistor, RB, for sensing and controlling the output
voltage at the remote sense point. The main loop
compensation is incorporated in the feedback network
connected between FB and COMP.
Active Impedance Control Mode
To control the dynamic output voltage droop as a function
of the output current, the signal proportional to the total
output current is converted to a voltage that appears between
CSREF and LLINE. This voltage can be scaled to equal the
droop voltage, which is calculated by multiplying the droop
impedance of the regulator with the output current. The droop
voltage is then used as the control voltage of the PWM
regulator. The droop voltage is subtracted from the DAC
reference output voltage and determines the voltage
positioning setpoint. The setup results in an enhanced feed
forward response.
Enhanced PWM Mode
Enhanced PWM mode is intended to improve the transient
response to a load step up. In traditional PWM controllers,
when a load step up occurred, the controller had to wait until
the next turn on of the PWM signal to respond to the load
change. Enhanced PWM mode allows the controller to
respond immediately when a load step up occurs. This allows
the phases to respond when the load increase transition takes
place. EWPM is disabled in RPM operation.
Current Control Mode and Thermal Balance
The ADP3207C has individual inputs for monitoring the
current in each phase. The phase current information is
combined with an internal ramp to create a current balancing
feedback system that is optimized for initial current accuracy
and dynamic thermal balance. The current balance
information is independent of the total inductor current
information used for voltage positioning described in the
Active Impedance Control Mode section.
The magnitude of the internal ramp can be set so the
transient response of the system becomes optimal. The
ADP3207C also monitors the supply voltage to achieve
feed−forward control whenever the supply voltage changes.
A resistor connected from the power input voltage rail to the
RAMP pin determines the slope of the internal PWM ramp.
Detailed information about programming the ramp is given
in the Ramp Resistor Selection section.
External resistors are in series with the SW1 pin, SW2 pin,
and the SW3 pin to create an intentional current imbalance.
Such a condition can exist when one phase has better cooling
and supports higher currents than the other phase. Resistor
RSW2 and Resistor RSW3 (see the Typical Application
Circuit in Figure 28) can be used to adjust thermal balance.
It is recommended to add these resistors during the initial
design to make sure placeholders are provided in the layout.
To increase the current in any given phase, users should
make RSW for that phase larger (that is, make RSW = 1.5 kW
for the hottest phase and do not change it during balance
optimization). Increasing RSW to 1.5 kW makes a substantial
increase in phase current. Increase each RSW value by small
Power−Good Monitoring
The power−good comparator monitors the output voltage
via the CSREF pin. The PWRGD pin is an open drain output
that can be pulled up through an external resistor to a voltage
rail that is not necessarily the same VCC voltage rail of the
controller. Logic high level indicates that the output voltage
is within the voltage limits defined by a window around the
VID voltage setting. PWRGD goes low when the output
voltage is outside of that window.
Following the IMVP−6 specification, the PWRGD window
is defined as −300 mV below and +200 mV above the actual
VID DAC output voltage. For any DAC voltage below
300 mV, only the upper limit of the PWRGD window is
monitored. To prevent false alarm, the power−good circuit is
masked during various system transitions, including any VID
change and entrance/exit out of deeper sleep. The duration of
the PWRGD mask is set by an internal timer to be about
100 ms. In conditions where a larger than 200 mV voltage drop
occurs during deeper sleep entry or slow deeper sleep exit, the
duration of PWRGD masking is extended by an internal logic
circuit.
Powerup Sequence and Soft−Start
The power−on, ramp−up time of the output voltage is set
internally. The reference voltage of the voltage error amplifier
is connected to an internal DAC. This DAC converts the VID
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ADP3207C
code to an analog reference voltage. During startup, the DAC
ignores the VID code. The internal DAC steps through each
VID code from 0 V to the boot voltage. The DAC steps to the
next VID code every 16 ms. With 12.5 mV difference between
VID codes, the soft−start slew rate is 12.5 mV / 16 ms or
approximately 0.78 mV/ms. This gives a soft−start time of
approximately 1.5 ms.
After the DAC reaches the boot voltage, an internal 100 ms
timer starts. This is the 100 ms boot time. After the boot time
is over, the CLKEN is asserted low. The DAC then reads the
VID code. There is a soft transition from the boot voltage to
the VID voltage. After CLKEN is asserted low, these is an
internal 8 ms timer that asserts PWRGD high. The whole
powerup sequence, including soft−start, is illustrated in
Figure 26.
In VCC UVLO or in shutdown, PWM1, PWM2, and
PWM3 are pulled low. When VCC ramps above the upper
UVLO threshold and EN is asserted high, the ADP3207C
enables internal bias and starts a reset cycle that lasts about
50 ms to 60 ms. Next, when initial reset is over, the chip detects
the number of phases set by the user and gives a go signal to
start the internal soft−start. After the CLKEN is asserted low,
the ADP3207C reads the VID codes provided by the CPU on
VID0 to VID6 input pins. The VCore voltage changes from
VBOOT to the VID voltage by a well−controlled soft
transition, as introduced in the Soft Transient section.
The PWRGD signal is not asserted until there is a
tCPU_PWRGD delay of approximately 8 ms, which is fixed
internally by the ADP3207C.
If either EN is taken low or VCC drops below the lower VCC
UVLO threshold, the PWM1, PWM2, and PWM3 signals
stop switching. An internal MOSFET discharges the output
voltage through the CSREF pin. The internal CSREF
MOSFET has a resistance of approximately 100 W.
decrease the acoustic noise generated by the MLCC input
capacitors and inductors.
The soft transient feature is implemented internally. When
the ADP3207C detects a new VID code, the DAC steps
through each VID code until is reaches the final code. For a
fast slew rate, the ADP3207C steps to the next VID code
every 1 ms. This gives a fast slew rate of 12.5 mV/ms. For a
slow slew rate, the ADP3207C steps to the next VID code
every 4 ms. This gives a slew rate of 3.125 mV/ms.
With DPRSLP asserted high, the slow slew rate is enabled.
With DPRSLP asserted low, the fast slew rate is enabled.
Table 2 summarizes the soft transient slew rate.
Table 2. Soft Transient Slew Rate
VID Transient
DPRSLP
Slew Rate
Fast Exit from Deeper Sleep
LOW
+12.5 mV/ms
Slow Exit from Deeper Sleep
HIGH
+3.125 mV/ms
Transient from VBOOT to VID
DNC
(Note 1)
$3.125 mV/ms
1. DNC = Do Not Care.
Current Limit
The ADP3207C compares the differential output of a
current sense amplifier to a programmable current limit
setpoint to provide current limiting function. The current limit
set point is set with a resistor connected from ILIM pin to
CSCOMP pin. This is the Rlim resistor. During normal
operation, the voltage on the ILIM pin is equal to the CSREF
pin. The voltage across Rlim is equal to the voltage across the
current sense amplifier (from CSREF pin to CSCOMP pin).
This voltage is proportional to output current. The current
through Rlim is proportional to the output inductor current.
The current through Rlim is compared with an internal
reference current. When the Rlim current goes above the
internal reference current, the ADP3207C goes into current
limit. The current limit circuit is shown in Figure 11.
V5_S
20 mA
EN
CLA
VBOOT
VI CONV
−
ILIM
+
−
+
t
Soft−Start
VHID
VCore
ILIM
CSA
ILIM
tBoot
+
−
CSREF
CSSUM
CSCOMP
CLKEN
RCS
L
RPH
CCS
DCR
CBULK
Figure 27. Current Limit Circuit
tPWRGD Delay
PWRGD
During startup when the output voltage is below 200 mV, a
secondary current limit is activated. This is necessary because
the voltage swing on CSCOMP cannot extend below ground.
The secondary current limit circuit clamps the internal COMP
voltage and sets the internal compensation ramp termination
voltage at 1.5 V level. The clamp actually limits voltage drop
across the low side MOSFETs through the current balance
circuitry.
Figure 26. Powerup Sequence
Soft Transient
The ADP3207C provides a soft transient function to
reduce inrush current during various transitions, including
the entrance/exit of deeper sleep and the transition from
VBOOT to VID voltage. Reducing the inrush current helps
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ADP3207C
CSREF pin. Any time the CSREF pin voltage is below
−300 mV, the ADP3207C triggers its RVP function by
disabling all PWM outputs and setting both the DCM and
OD pins low. Thus, all the MOSFETs are turned off. The
reverse inductor current can be quickly reset to 0 by
dumping the energy built up in the inductor into the input dc
voltage source via the forward biased body diode of the
high−side MOSFETs. The RVP function is terminated when
the CSREF pin voltage returns above −100 mV.
Occasionally, overvoltage crowbar protection results in
negative VCore voltage, because turn−on of all low−side
MOSFETs leads to very large reverse inductor current. To
prevent damage of the CPU by negative voltage, ADP3207C
keeps its RVP monitoring function alive even after OVP
latchoff. During OVP latchoff, if the CSREF pin voltage
drops below −300mV, then all low−side MOSFETs are
turned off by setting both DCM and OD low. The DCM pin
and the OD pin are set high again when CSREF voltage
recovers above −100 mV.
An inherent per phase current limit protects individual
phases in case one or more phases stop functioning because
of a faulty component. This limit is based on the maximum
normal−mode COMP voltage.
After 9 ms in current limit, the ADP3207C will latchoff.
The latchoff can be reset by removing and reapplying VCC,
or by recycling the EN pin low and high for a short time.
The latchoff can be reset by removing and reapplying VCC,
or by recycling the EN pin low and high for a short time.
Changing VID OTF
The ADP3207C is designed to track dynamically
changing VID code. As a result, the converter output
voltage, that is, the CPU VCC voltage, can change without
the need to reset either the controller or the CPU. This
concept is commonly referred to as VID OTF transient. A
VID OTF can occur either under light load or heavy load
conditions. The processor signals the controller by changing
the VID inputs in LSB incremental steps from the start code
to the finish code. The change can be either upwards or
downwards steps.
When a VID input changes state, the ADP3207C detects
the change but ignores the new code for a minimum of
400 ns. This keep out is required to prevent reaction to false
code that can occur by a skew in the VID code while the
7−bit VID input code is in transition. Additionally, the VID
change triggers a PWRGD masking timer to prevent a
PWRGD failure. Each VID change resets and retriggers the
internal PWRGD masking timer. As listed in Table 2, during
any VID transient, the ADP3207C forces a multi−phase
PWM mode regardless of system input signals.
Output Enable and UVLO
The VCC supply voltage to the controller must be higher
than the UVLO upper threshold, and the EN pin must be
higher than its logic threshold so the ADP3207C can begin
switching. If the VCC voltage is less than the UVLO
threshold, or the EN pin is logic low, then the ADP3207C is
in shutdown. In shutdown, the controller holds the PWM
outputs at ground, shorts the SS pin capacitor to ground, and
drives DCM and OD pins low.
Proper power supply sequencing during startup and
shutdown of the ADP3207C must be adhered to. All input
pins must be at ground prior to applying or removing VCC.
All output pins should be left in high impedance state while
VCC is off.
Output Crowbar
To protect the CPU load and output components of the
converter, the PWM outputs are driven low, and DCM and
OD are driven high (that is, commanded to turn on the
low−side MOSFETs of all phases) when the output voltage
exceeds an OVP threshold of 1.7 V as specified by IMVP−6.
Turning on the low−side MOSFETs discharges the output
capacitor as soon as reverse current builds up in the
inductors. If the output overvoltage is due to a short of the
high−side MOSFET, then this crowbar action current limits
the input supply or causes the input rail fuse to blow,
protecting the microprocessor from destruction.
Once Overvoltage Protection (OVP) is triggered, the
ADP3207C is latched off. The latchoff function can be reset
by removing and reapplying VCC, or by recycling EN low
and high for a short time. OVP can be disabled by grounding
the TTSENSE pin. The OVP comparator monitors the
output voltage via the CSREF pin.
Thermal Throttling Control
The ADP3207C includes a thermal monitoring circuit to
detect if the temperature of the variable resistor (VR) has
exceeded a user−defined thermal throttling threshold. The
thermal monitoring circuit requires an external resistor
divider connected between the VCC pin and GND. The
divider consists of an NTC thermistor and a resistor. To
generate a voltage that is proportional to temperature, the
midpoint of the divider is connected to the TTSENSE pin.
Whenever the temperature trips the set alarm threshold, an
internal comparator circuit compares the TTSENSE voltage
to a half VCC threshold and outputs a logic level signal at the
VRTT output. The VRTT output is designed to drive an
external transistor that, in turn, provides the high current,
open drain VRTT signal that is required by the IMVP−6
specification. When the temperature is around the set alarm
point, the internal VRTT comparator has a hysteresis of about
100 mV to prevent high frequency oscillation of VRTT. The
TTSENSE pin also serves the function of disabling OVP. In
extreme heat, users should make sure that the TTSENSE pin
voltage remains above 1.0 V if OVP is desired.
Reverse Voltage Protection
Very large reverse currents in inductors can cause
negative VCore voltage, which is harmful to the CPU and
other output components. ADP3207C provides Reverse
Voltage Protection (RVP) function without additional
system cost. The VCore voltage is monitored through the
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ADP3207C
Current Monitor Output
resistor from IMON pin to FBRTN sets the gain. A 0.1 mF is
added in parallel with RMON to filter the inductor ripple. The
IMON pin is clamped to prevent it from going above 1.15 V
The ADP3207C has an output current monitor. The IMON
pin sources a current proportional to the inductor current. A
Table 3. VID Code Table
VID6
VID5
VID4
VID3
VID2
VID1
VID0
Output (V)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.5000
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1.4875
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1.4750
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1.4625
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1.4500
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1.4375
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1.4250
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1.4125
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1.4000
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1.3875
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1.3750
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1.3625
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1.3500
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1.3375
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1.3250
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1.3125
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1.3000
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1.2875
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1.2750
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1.2625
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1.2500
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1.2375
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1.2250
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1.2125
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1.2000
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1.1875
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1.1750
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1.1625
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1.1500
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1.1375
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1.1250
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1.1125
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1.1000
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1.0875
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1.0750
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1.0625
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1.0500
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1.0375
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1.0250
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1.0125
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1.0000
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0.9875
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0.9750
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0.9625
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ADP3207C
Table 3. VID Code Table
VID6
VID5
VID4
VID3
VID2
VID1
VID0
Output (V)
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0.9500
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0.9375
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0.9250
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0.9125
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0.9000
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0.8875
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0.8750
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0.8625
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0.8500
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0.8375
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0.8250
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0.8125
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0.8000
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0.7875
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0.7750
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0.7625
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0.7500
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0.7375
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0.7250
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.7125
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.7000
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0.6875
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0.6750
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0.6625
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.6500
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0.6375
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0.6250
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0.6125
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0.6000
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0.5875
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0.5750
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0.5625
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0.5500
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0.5375
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0.5250
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0.5125
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.5000
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0.4875
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.4750
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0.4625
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0.4500
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0.4375
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0.4250
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0.4125
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0.4000
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0.3875
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0.3750
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ADP3207C
Table 3. VID Code Table
VID6
VID5
VID4
VID3
VID2
VID1
VID0
Output (V)
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0.3625
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0.3500
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0.3375
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0.3250
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0.3125
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.3000
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0.2875
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0.2750
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0.2625
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0.2500
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0.2375
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0.2250
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0.2125
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.2000
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0.1875
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0.1750
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0.1625
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0.1500
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0.1375
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0.1250
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0.1125
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0.1000
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0.0875
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0.0750
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0.0625
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0.0500
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0.0375
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0.0250
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0.0125
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0.0000
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0.0000
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0.0000
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0.0000
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0.0000
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0.0000
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0.0000
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.0000
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22
C13
1nF
R5
RA
39.2kW
1%
RB
1.67kW
1%
CA
220pF
CFB
18pF
CB
330pF
CLKEN
R2
3kW
V3_3S
DPRS LPVR
VR_ON
IMVP6_PWRGD
0.1mF
C IMON
IMON
RRPM
200kW
?%
RIMON
5.9kW
R1
3kW
1
RR
200kW
1%
EN
PWRGD
IMON
CLKEN
FBRTN
FB
COMP
NC
RPM
DPRSLP
40
FROM CPU
+ C11
1mF
NTC
RTH1
VDC RTN
U1
ADP3207C
RT
604kW
1%
RLIM
5kW
1%
RREF
80.6kW
1%
TTSENSE
VRTT
DCM
OD
PWM1
PWM2
PWM3
SW1
SW2
SW3
C12
1nF
R0
CCS2
2nF
RSW2*
VRTT#
C8
+
RCS1
73.2kW
RCS2
165kW
RPH2
84.5kW
1%
RSW1*
C17
4.7mF
C14
4.7mF
DRVL 6
5 VCC
RPH1
84.5kW
1%
ADP3611
U2
GND 7
DRVL 6
4 CROWBAR
5 VCC
SW 8
2 SD
3 DRVLSD
BST 10
DRVH 9
1 IN
ADP3611
R7
0W
GND 7
4 CROWBAR
U3
SW 8
DRVH 9
3 DRVLSD
2 SD
R6
0W
BST 10
1 IN
Figure 28. Typical 2−Phase Application Circuit
CCS1
1.8nF
C9
10nF
C1
+
R4
6.81kW
1%
R3
10kW
V5S
VID0
VID1
VID2
VID3
VID4
VID5
VID6
DPRSTP
PSI
VCC
IREF
ILIMP
ILIMN
RT
RAMP
LLINE
CSREF
CSSUM
CSCOMP
GND
10mF/25V × 8
C15
1mF
RTH2
220kW, 5%
NTC
L1
360nH/0.85mW
R11
C19
1nF
R10
L1
360nH/1.1mW
C16
1nF
C20
+
C25
+
330mF/ 6mW × 3
PANASONIC SP
SERIES
* FOR A DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONAL COMPONENTS,
SEE THE THEORY OF OPERATION SECTION.
Q7
NTMSF4846N
NTMFS4821N
C18
1mF
NTMFS4821N
Q1
NTMSF4846N Q3
Q5
NTMFS4821N Q2
NTMSF4846N
Q4
Q6
NTMSF4846N Q8
NTMFS4821N
VDC
VSS (SENSE)
VCC (SENSE)
10mF × 32
MLCC IN AND
AROUND SOCKET
VCC (CORE) RTN
VCC (CORE)
0.3V TO 1.5V
40A
ADP3207C
ADP3207C
Application Information
The design parameters for a typical Intel IMVP6−compliant
CPU core VR application are as follows:
• Maximum input voltage (VINMAX) = 19 V
• Minimum input voltage (VINMIN) = 7.0 V
• Output voltage by VID setting (VVID) = 1.150 V
• Maximum output current (IO) = 44 A
• Load line slope (RO) = 2.1 mW
• Maximum output current step (DIO) = 34.5 A
• Maximum output thermal current (IOTDC) = 32 A
• Number of phases (n) = 2
• Switching frequency per phase (fSW) = 280 kHz
• Duty cycle at maximum input voltage (DMIN) = 0.061
• Duty cycle at minimum input voltage (DMAX) = 0.164
Equation 3 can be used to determine the minimum inductance
based on a given output ripple voltage.
IR +
Lw
Lw
n
f SW
16 pF
* 5 kW
V VID
RO
(eq. 2)
(1 * (n
f SW
D MIN))
(1 * D MIN)
V RIPPLE
1.150 V
2.1 mW
(1 * (2
(eq. 3)
280 kHz
0.061))
(1 * 0.061)
20 mV
+ 356 nH
(eq. 4)
If the ripple voltage ends up being less than the initially
selected value, then the inductor can be changed to a smaller
value until the ripple value is met. This iteration allows
optimal transient response and minimum output decoupling.
The smallest possible inductor should be used to minimize
the number of output capacitors. For this example, choosing
a 360 nH inductor is a good starting point and gives a
calculated ripple current of 10.7 A. The inductor should not
saturate at the peak current of 27.4 A and should be able to
handle the sum of the power dissipation caused by the
average current of 16 A in the winding and core loss.
Another important factor in the inductor design is the
DCR, which is used to measure phase currents. A large DCR
causes excessive power losses, though too small a value
leads to increased measurement error. This example uses an
inductor with a DCR of 0.89 mW.
In PWM mode operation, the ADP3207C uses a
fixed−frequency control architecture. The frequency is set
by an external timing resistor (RT). The clock frequency and
the number of phases determine the switching frequency per
phase, which directly relates to switching losses and the
sizes of the inductors and input and output capacitors. In a
2−phase design, a clock frequency of 560 kHz sets the
switching frequency to 280 kHz per phase. This selection
represents a trade−off between the switching losses and the
minimum sizes of the output filter components. To achieve
a 560 kHz oscillator frequency at VID voltage 1.150 V, RT
has to be 237 kW. Alternatively, the value for RT can be
calculated using:
V VID ) 1.0 V
L
f SW
Solving Equation 3 for a 20 mV peak−to−peak output ripple
voltage yields:
Setting the Clock Frequency for PWM Mode
RT +
ǒ1 * DMINǓ
V VID
Selecting a Standard Inductor
Once the inductance and DCR are known, the next step is
to either design an inductor or select a standard inductor that
comes as close as possible to meeting the overall design goals.
It is also important to have the inductance and DCR tolerance
specified to keep the accuracy of the system controlled; 20%
inductance and 15% DCR (at room temperature) are
reasonable expectations that most manufacturers can meet.
(eq. 1)
where 16 pF and 5 kW are internal IC component values. For
good initial accuracy and frequency stability, it is
recommended to use a 1% resistor.
Current Monitor Output
The IMON pin output a current proportional to the inductor
current.
Power Inductor Manufacturers
The following companies provide surface mount power
inductors optimized for high power applications upon
request:
• Vishay Dale Electronics, Inc.
• Panasonic
• Sumida Corporation
• NEC Tokin Corporation
Inductor Selection
The choice of inductance determines the ripple current in
the inductor. Less inductance leads to more ripple current,
which increases the output ripple voltage and conduction
losses in the MOSFETs. However, this allows the use of
smaller size inductors, and for a specified peak−to−peak
transient deviation, it allows less total output capacitance.
Conversely, a higher inductance means lower ripple current
and reduced conduction losses but requires larger size
inductors and more output capacitance for the same
peak−to−peak transient deviation. In a multi−phase converter,
the practical peak−to−peak inductor ripple current is less than
50% of the maximum dc current in the same inductor.
Equation 2 shows the relationship between the inductance,
oscillator frequency, and peak−to−peak ripple current.
Output Droop Resistance
The inductor design requires that the regulator output
voltage measured at the CPU pins drops when the output
current increases. The specified voltage drop corresponds to
a dc output resistance (RO).
The output current is measured by summing the currents of
the resistors monitoring the voltage across each inductor and
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23
ADP3207C
by passing the signal through a low−pass filter. This
summer−filter is implemented by the CS amplifier that is
configured with resistors RPH(X) (summer), and RCS and CCS
(filter). The output resistance of the regulator is set by the
following equations:
RO +
R CS
RL
R PH(x)
C CS +
The following procedure and equations yield values for
RCS1, RCS2, and RTH (the thermistor value at 25°C) for a
given RCS value:
1. Select an NTC to be used based on type and value.
Because there is no value yet, start with a thermistor
with a value close to RCS. The NTC should also
have an initial tolerance of better than 5%.
2. Based on the type of NTC, find its relative resistance
value at two temperatures. Temperatures that work
well are 50°C and 90°C. These are called Resistance
Value A (A is RTH (50°C)/RTH (25°C)) and
Resistance Value B (B is RTH (90°C)/RTH (25°C)).
Note the relative value of NTC is always 1 at 25°C.
3. Next, find the relative value of RCS that is required
for each of these temperatures. This is based on the
percentage of change needed, which is initially
0.39%/°C. These are called r1 and r2.
(eq. 5)
L
R L @ R CS
(eq. 6)
where RL is the DCR of the output inductors.
Users have the flexibility of choosing either RCS or RPH(X).
Due to the current drive ability of the CSCOMP pin, the RCS
resistance should be larger than 100 kW. For example, users
should initially select RCS to be equal to 220 kW, then use
Equation 6 to solve for CCS.
C CS +
360 nH
0.89 mW
220 kW
+ 1.84 nF
r1 +
Because CCS is not the standard capacitance, it is
implemented with two standard capacitors in parallel: 1.8 nF
and 47 pF. For the best accuracy, CCS should be a 5% NPO
capacitor. Next, solve RPH(X) by rearranging Equation 5.
R PH(X) w
0.89 mW
2.1 mW
r2 +
@ 220 kW + 93.2 kW
(A * B)
A
r CS1 +
With the inductor DCR used as a sense element, and copper
wire being the source of the DCR, users need to compensate
for temperature changes in the inductor’s winding. Fortunately,
copper has a well−known temperature coefficient (TC) of
0.39%/°C.
If RCS is designed to have an opposite sign but equal
percentage change in resistance, then it cancels the temperature
variation of the inductor DCR. Due to the nonlinear nature of
NTC thermistors, series resistors, RCS1 and RCS2 (see
Figure 29) are needed to linearize the NTC and produce the
desired TC tracking.
ADP3207C
CSCMOP
RCS1
+
18
CSREF
RPH1
CCS
r2 * A
(1 * B)
r1 * B
r2 ) B
(1 * A)
(1 * A)
r1
r 2 * (A * B)
(1 * A)
1
1*r
*r
1
*r
1
CS2
1
1
1*r
CS2
*r
1
(eq. 8)
CS1
5. Calculate RTH = RTH x RCS, then select the closest
value of thermistor that is available. Also, compute
a scaling factor k based on the ratio of the actual
thermistor value relative to the computed one.
k+
R TH(ACTUAL)
R TH(CALCULATED)
(eq. 9)
6. Finally, calculate values for RCS1 and RCS2 using:
R CS1 + R CS
k
R CS2 + R CS
((1 * k) ) (k
r CS1
r CS2))
(eq. 10)
This example starts with a thermistor value of 100 kW and
uses a Vishay NTHS0603N04 NTC thermistor (a 0603 size
thermistor) with A = 0.3359 and B = 0.0771. From this data,
rCS1 = 0.359, rCS2 = 0.729, and rTH = 1.094. Solving for RTH
yields 240 kW, so 220 kW is chosen, making k = 0.914.
Finally, RCS1 and RCS2 are 72.3 kW and 166 kW. Choosing the
closest 1% resistor values yields a choice of 71.5 kW and
165 kW.
To VOUT
Sense
RPH3
19
CSSUM
−
RCS2
RPH2
r1
(1 * B)
CS2
r TH +
To Switch Nodes
1
1 ) TC @ (T 2 * 25)
r CS2 +
Inductor DCR Temperature Correction
RTH
(eq. 7)
Where:
TC = 0.0039
T1 = 50°C
T2 = 90°C
4. Compute the relative values for rCS1, rCS2, and rTH
using:
The standard 1% resistor for RPH(X) is 93.1 kW.
To prevent the saturation of the current sense amplifier
when multiple phases turn on together, it is recommended to
keep RPH(X) > 90 kW in the 2−phase application and RPH(X)
> 133 kW in the 3−phase application.
To avoid high frequency noise coupling across the RPH
resistors, the size of the RPH resistors should not be smaller
than the 0603 size.
Place as close as possible
to the nearest inductor
1
1 ) TC @ (T 1 * 25)
Keep This Path as Short as
Possible and Well Away
from Switch Node Lines
17
Figure 29. Temperature Compensation Circuit Values
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24
ADP3207C
ȡ 360 nH @ 34.5 A
ȣ
*
320
mF
ȧ ǒ
ȧ
Ȣ2 @ 2.1 mW ) Ǔ @ 1.150 V
Ȥ
COUT Selection
The required output decoupling for processors and
platforms is typically recommended by Intel. The following
guidelines can also be used if both bulk and ceramic
capacitors are in the system:
• Select the total amount of ceramic capacitance. This is
based on the number and type of capacitors to be used.
The best location for ceramics is inside the socket;
20 pieces of Size 0805 being the physical limit.
Additional capacitors can be placed along the outer
edge of the socket.
• Select the number of ceramics and find the total ceramic
capacitance (CZ). Combined ceramic values of 200 mF to
300 mF are recommended and are usually made up of
multiple 10 mF or 22 mF capacitors.
• Note that there is an upper limit imposed on the total
amount of bulk capacitance (CX) when considering the
VID OTF output voltage stepping (voltage step VV in
time tV with error of VERR), and also a lower limit based
on meeting the critical capacitance for load release at a
given maximum load step DIO. For a step−off load
current, the current version of the IMVP−6 specification
allows a maximum VCore overshoot (VOSMAX) of
10 mV, plus 1.5% of the VID voltage. For example, if
the VID is 1.150 V, then the largest overshoot allowed
is 50 mV.
C x(MIN)
ȡ
wȧ
Ȣn ǒR
C X(MAX) v
O)
ȡ
ȧ
Ȣ
DI O
V
O
+ 0.8 mF
C X(MAX) v
Ǔ
V VVID
O
ǒ
1 ) tv
2
3.1 2
220 mV
(2.1 mW) 2
1.150 V
1.150 V
2
220 mV
Ǔ ȣȧ
3.1
2.1 mW
2
*1
Ȥ
360 nH
* 320 mF + 2.3 mF
Using three 330 mF Panasonic SP capacitors with a typical
ESR of 6 mW each, yields CX = 0.99 mF with an RX = 2.0 mW.
One last check should be made to ensure that the ESL of the
bulk capacitors (LX) is low enough to limit the high frequency
ringing during a load change. This is tested using:
LX v C2
RO 2
L X v C 320 mF
Q2
(2.1 mW) 2
2 + 2 nH
(eq. 14)
Where:
Q is limited to the √2 to ensure a critically damped system.
In this example, LX is about 330 pH for the three SP
capacitors, which satisfies this limitation. If the LX of the
chosen bulk capacitor bank is too large, the number of ceramic
capacitors may need to be increased if there is excessive
ringing.
Note that for this multi−mode control technique, an
all−ceramic capacitor design can be used as long as the
conditions of Equations 11, 12, and 13 are satisfied.
(eq. 11)
Power MOSFETs
V VID
2
360 nH
ȡǸ1 ) ǒ22 ms
ȧ
Ȣ
z
OSMAX
DI
ȣ
*C ȧ
Ȥ
50 mV
34.5 A
Vv
L
nK 2R
Ǹ
where:
L
C X(MIN) w
Ǔ ȣȧ
V VID
nKR O
Vv
L
ǒ Ǔ
K + −1n
For normal 20 A per phase application, the N−channel
power MOSFETs are selected for two high−side switches
and two low−side switches per phase. The main selection
parameters for the power MOSFETs are VGS(TH), QG, CISS,
CRSS, and RDS(ON). Because the gate drive voltage (the
supply voltage to the ADP3611) is 5.0 V, logic−level
threshold MOSFETs must be used.
The maximum output current IO determines the RDS(on)
requirement for the low−side (synchronous) MOSFETs. In
the ADP3207C, currents are balanced between phases; the
current in each low−side MOSFET is the output current
divided by the total number of MOSFETs (nSF). With
conduction losses being dominant, Equation 15 shows the
total power dissipated in each synchronous MOSFET in
terms of the ripple current per phase (IR) and average total
output current (IO):
2
* 1 * Cz
Ȥ
(eq. 12)
V ERR
VV
(eq. 13)
To meet the conditions of these equations and transient
response, the ESR of the bulk capacitor bank (RX) should be
less than two times the droop resistance, RO. If the CX(MIN)
is larger than the CX(MAX), the system does not meet the VID
OTF and/or deeper sleep exit specification and can require a
smaller inductor or more phases (the switching frequency can
also have to be increased to keep the output ripple the same).
For example, if using 32 pieces of 10 mF 0805 MLC
capacitors (CZ = 320 mF), the fastest VID voltage change is
the exit of deeper sleep, and the VCore change is 220 mV in
22 ms with a setting error of 10 mV.
Where K = 3.1, solving for the bulk capacitance yields.
P SF + (1 * D)
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25
ƪǒ
IO
Ǔ
) 1
12
n SF
ǒ
n
Ǔƫ
IR
n SF
2
R DS(SF)
(eq. 15)
ADP3207C
Knowing the maximum output thermal current and the
maximum allowed power dissipation, users can find the
required RDS(on) for the MOSFET. For 8−lead SOIC or
8−lead SOIC−compatible packaged MOSFETs the junction
to ambient (PCB) thermal impedance is 50°C/W. In the worst
case, the PCB temperature is 90°C during heavy load
operation of the notebook; a safe limit for PSF is 0.6 W at
120°C junction temperature. Therefore, for this example
(32 A maximum thermal current), RDS(SF) (per MOSFET) is
less than 9.6 mW for two pieces of low−side MOSFET. This
RDS(SF) is also at a junction temperature of about 120°C;
therefore, the RDS(SF) (per MOSFET) should be lower than
6.8 mW at room temperature, giving 9.6 mW at high
temperature.
Another important factor for the synchronous MOSFET is
the input capacitance and feedback capacitance. The ratio of
feedback to input needs to be small (less than 10% is
recommended) to prevent accidental turn−on of the
synchronous MOSFETs when the switch node goes high.
The high−side (main) MOSFET has to be able to handle
two main power dissipation components, conduction and
switching losses. The switching loss is related to the amount
of time it takes for the main MOSFET to turn on and off and
to the current and voltage that are being switched. Basing the
switching speed on the rise and fall time of the gate driver
impedance and MOSFET input capacitance, Equation 16
provides an approximate value for the switching loss per main
MOSFETs.
P S(MF) + 2
f SW
IO
V CC
n MF
RG
n MF
n
C ISS
yields 420 mW for each synchronous MOSFET and
410 mW for each main MOSFET.
One last consideration is the power dissipation in the
driver for each phase. This is best described in terms of the
QG for the MOSFETs and is given by:
P DRV +
ƪǒ Ǔ
IO
n MF
2
) 1
12
ǒ
n
Ǔƫ
IR
n MF
f SW
2
ǒnMF
n
Q GMF ) n SF
ƫ
Q QSFǓ ) I CC
V CC
(eq. 18)
Where:
QGMF is the total gate charge for each main MOSFET.
QGSF is the total gate charge for each synchronous
MOSFET.
This also shows the standby dissipation (ICC x VCC) of the
driver. For the ADP3611, the maximum dissipation should be
less than 300 mW, considering its thermal impedance is
220°C/W, and the maximum temperature increase is 50°C.
For this example, with ICC = 2 mA, QGMF = 14 nC, and
QGSF = 51 nC, there is 120 mW dissipation in each driver,
which is below the 300 mW dissipation limit. Refer to data
sheet ADP3611 for more details.
Ramp Resistor Selection
The ramp resistor (RR) is used for setting the size of the
internal PWM ramp. The value of this resistor is chosen to
provide the best combination of thermal balance, stability,
and transient response. Use this equation to determine a
starting value:
RR +
(eq. 16)
Where:
nMF is the total number of main MOSFETs. RG is the total
gate resistance (1.5 W for the ADP3611 and about 0.5 W for
two pieces of typical high speed switching MOSFETs,
making RG = 2 W). CISS is the input capacitance of the main
MOSFET. The best thing to reduce switching loss is to use
lower gate capacitance devices.
The conduction loss of the main MOSFET is given by:
P C(MF) + D
ƪ
RR +
AR
3
L
R DS
AD
0.5
3
5
CR
360 nH
5.2 mW
5 pF
(eq. 19)
+ 462 kW
Where:
AR is the internal ramp amplifier gain.
AD is the current balancing amplifier gain.
RDS is the total low−side MOSFET on−resistance,
CR is the internal ramp capacitor value.
Another consideration in the selection of RR is the size of the
internal ramp voltage (see Equation 20). For stability and noise
immunity, keep this ramp size larger than 0.5 V. In addition,
larger ramp size helps to reduce output voltage ringing back
during step load transient, where EPWM is triggered. Taking
these into consideration, the value of RR is selected as 200 kW.
The internal ramp voltage magnitude can be calculated by:
2
R DS(MF)
(eq. 17)
Where: RDS(MF) is the on−resistance of the MOSFET.
Typically, for main MOSFETs, users want the highest
speed (low CISS) device, but these usually have higher
on−resistance. Users must select a device that meets the total
power dissipation (0.6 W for a single 8−lead SOIC) when
combining the switching and conduction losses.
For example, using an IRF7821 device as the main
MOSFET (four in total; that is, nMF = 4), with about
CISS = 1010 pF (maximum) and RDS(MF) = 18 mW
(maximum at TJ = 120°C) and an IR7832 device as the
synchronous MOSFET (four in total; that is, nSF = 4),
RDS(SF) = 6.7 mW (maximum at TJ = 120°C). Solving for the
power dissipation per MOSFET at IO = 32 A and IR = 10.7 A
VR +
VR +
AR
(1 * D)
RR
0.2
CR
V VID
f SW
(1 * 0.061)
200 kW
5 pF
(eq. 20)
1.150 V
280 kHz
+ 0.77 V
The size of the internal ramp can be made larger or
smaller. If it is made larger, then stability and transient
response improves, but thermal balance degrades. Likewise,
if the ramp is made smaller, then thermal balance improves
at the sacrifice of transient response and stability. The factor
of three in the denominator of Equation 19 sets a minimum
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ADP3207C
ramp size that gives an optimal balance for good stability,
transient response, and thermal balance.
Where:
RMON is the current monitor resistor. RMON is connected
from IMON pin to FBRTN.
RLIM is the current limit resistor.
RO is the output load line resistance.
IFS is the output current when the voltage on IMON is at full
scale.
COMP Pin Ramp
There is a ramp signal on the COMP pin due to the droop
voltage and output voltage ramps. This ramp amplitude adds
to the internal ramp to produce the following overall ramp
signal at the PWM input:
V RT +
ǒ
VR
1*
n
Current Limit Setpoint
2
(1*n
f
C
SW
D)
X
R
Ǔ
O
To select the current limit setpoint, we need to find the
resistor value for RLIM. The current limit threshold for the
ADP3207C is set when the current in RLIM is equal to the
internal reference current of 20 mA. The current in RLIM is
equal to the inductor current times RO. RLIM can be found
using the following equation:
(eq. 21)
For this example, the overall ramp signal is found to be 2.2 V.
Setting the Switching Frequency for RPM Mode Operation
of Phase.
During the RPM mode operation of Phase 1, the
ADP3207C runs in pseudo constant frequency, given that
the load current is high enough for continuous current mode.
While in discontinuous current mode, the switching
frequency is reduced with the load current in a linear
manner. When considering power conversion efficiency in
light load, lower switching frequency is usually preferred
for RPM mode. However, the VCore ripple specification in
the IMVP−6 sets the limitation for lowest switching
frequency. Therefore, depending on the inductor and output
capacitors, the switching frequency in RPM mode can be
equal, larger, or smaller than its counterpart in PWM mode.
A resistor from RPM to GND sets the pseudo constant
frequency as following:
R RPM +
2
RT
AR
(1 * D)
RR
V VID ) 1.0 V
CR
R LIM +
I PHLIM ^
f SW
2
280 kW
0.5
1.150 V ) 1.0 V
(1 * 0.061)
462 kW
* 5 W + 202 kW
5 pF
1.150
300 kHz
(eq. 23)
Output Current Monitor
The ADP3207C has output current monitor. The IMON pin
sources a current proportional to the total inductor current.
A resistor, RMON, from IMON to FBRTN sets the gain of the
output current monitor. A 0.1 mF is placed in parallel with
RMON to filter the inductor current ripple and high frequency
load transients. Since the IMON pin is connected directly to
the CPU, it is clamped to prevent it from going above 1.15 V.
The IMON pin current is equal to the RLIM times a fixed
gain of 10. RMON can be found using the following equation:
R MON +
1.15 V
10
RO
(eq. 25)
V COMP(MAX) * V R * V BIAS
AD
D LIM + D MIN
R DS(MAX)
)
IR
2
(eq. 26)
V COMP(MAX) * V BIAS
VR
(eq. 27)
For this example, the duty−cycle limit at maximum input
voltage is found to be 0.25 when D is 0.061.
Feedback Loop Compensation Design
Optimized compensation of the ADP3207C allows the best
possible response of the regulator’s output to a load change.
The basis for determining the optimum compensation is to
make the regulator and output decoupling appear as an output
R LIM
I FS
20 mA
For the ADP3207C, the maximum COMP voltage
(VCOMP(MAX)) is 3.3 V, the COMP pin bias voltage (VBIAS)
is 1.0 V, and the current balancing amplifier gain (AD) is 5.
Using a VR of 0.55 V, and a RDS(MAX) of 3.8 mW (low−side
on−resistance at 150°C) results in a per phase limit of 85 A.
Although this number seems high, this current level can only
be reached with a absolute short at the output and the current
limit latchoff function shutting down the regulator before
overheating occurs.
This limit can be adjusted by changing the ramp voltage
VR. However, users should not set the per phase limit lower
than the average per phase current (ILIM/n).
There is also a per phase initial duty−cycle limit at
maximum input voltage:
(eq. 22)
Where:
AR is the internal ramp amplifier gain.
CR is the internal ramp capacitor value.
RR is an external resistor on the RAMPADJ pin to set the
internal ramp magnitude.
Because RR = 280 kW, the following resistance sets up
300 kHz switching frequency in RPM operation:
R RPM +
RO
Where:
RLIM is the current limit resistor. RLIM is connected from the
ILIM pin to ground.
RO is the output load line resistance.
ILIM is the current limit set point. This is the peak inductor
current that will trip current limit.
In this example, if choosing 55 A for ILIM, RLIM is
5.775 kW, which is close to a standard 1% resistance of
5.76 kW.
The per phase current limit described earlier has its limit
determined by the following:
V VID
* 0.5 kW
I LIM
(eq. 24)
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ADP3207C
impedance that is entirely resistive over the widest possible
frequency range, including dc, and equal to the droop
resistance (RO). With the resistive output impedance, the
output voltage droops in proportion with the load current at any
load current slew rate. This ensures the optimal positioning and
minimizes the output decoupling.
With the multi−mode feedback structure of the ADP3207C,
users need to set the feedback compensation to make the
converter output impedance work in parallel with the output
decoupling. Several poles and zeros are created by the output
inductor and decoupling capacitors (output filter) that need to
be compensated for.
A type−three compensator on the voltage feedback is
adequate for proper compensation of the output filter.
Equations 28 to 36 is intended to yield an optimal starting
point for the design; some adjustments can be necessary to
account for PCB and component parasitic effects (refer to the
Tuning Procedure for ADP3207C section).
The first step is to compute the time constants for all of the
poles and zeros in the system:
RE + n
RO ) AD
)
TA + CX
2
R DS )
L
(1 * n
n
CX
RO
(R O * RȀ) )
T B + (R X ) RȀ * R O)
V RT
TC +
TD +
ǒ
L*
V VID
R
2
f
D)
I CRMS + D
V VID
R O * RȀ
RO
RX
RA +
CB +
n
RO
RE
(eq. 29)
Ǔ
(eq. 31)
RO 2
(eq. 32)
R Snubber +
C Snubber +
(eq. 33)
(eq. 34)
TB
RB
C FB +
(eq. 35)
TD
RA
1
* 1 + 10.3 A
0.164
2
1
2
p
p
1
f Ringing
f Ringing
C OSS
R Snubber
V Input 2
f Swithing
(eq. 38)
(eq. 39)
(eq. 40)
Where RSnubber is the snubber resistor.
CSnubber is the snubber capacitor.
fRinging is the frequency of the ringing on the switch node
when the high side MOSFET turns on.
COSS is the low side MOSFET output capacitance at VInput.
This is taken from the low side MOSFET data sheet.
Vinput is the input voltage.
fSwitching is the switching frequency.
PSnubber is the power dissipated in RSnubber.
TC
CA
Ǹ
P Snubber + C Snubber
TA
RB
44 A
(eq. 37)
It is important in any buck topology to use a resistor
capacitor snubber across the low side power MOSFET. The
RC snubber dampens ringing on the switch node when the
high side MOSFET turns on. The switch node ringing could
cause EMI system failures and increased stress on the power
components and controller. The RC snubber should be
placed as close as possible to the low side MOSFET. Typical
values for the resistor range from 1 W to 10 W. Typical values
for the capacitor range from 330 pF to 4.7 nF. The exact
value of the RC snubber depends on the PCB layout and
MOSFET selection. Some fine tuning must be done to find
the best values. The equation below is used to find the
starting values for the RC subber.
(eq. 28)
Where:
R’ is the PCB resistance from the bulk capacitors to the
ceramics. RDS is the total low−side MOSFET on−resistance
per phase.
For this example, AD is 5, VRT = 1.5 V, R’ is approximately
0.4 mW (assuming an 8−layer motherboard), and LX is
250 pH for the four Panasonic SP capacitors.
The compensation values can be solved using the
following:
CA +
*1
D
RC Snubber
(eq. 30)
RO
1
n
In a typical notebook system, the battery rail decouplings
are MLCC capacitors or a mixture of MLCC capacitors and
bulk capacitors. In this example, the input capacitor bank is
formed by eight pieces of 10 mF, and 25 V MLCC capacitors
with a ripple current rating of about 1.5 A each.
DS
(R O * RȀ) ) C Z
Ǹ
IO
I CRMS + 0.164
V RT
LX
SW
CZ
In continuous inductor current mode, the source current of
the high−side MOSFET is approximately a square wave
with a duty ratio equal to n x VOUT/VIN and an amplitude of
1−nth the maximum output current. To prevent large voltage
transients, a low ESR input capacitor sized for the maximum
rms current must be used. The maximum rms capacitor
current happens at the lowest input voltage, and is given by:
V ID
CX
D
CIN Selection and Input Current DI/DT Reduction
V RT
RE
CX
CX
A
RL
The standard values for these components are subject to
the tuning procedure, as introduced in the CIN Selection and
Input Current DI/DT Reduction section.
(eq. 36)
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ADP3207C
Selecting Thermal Monitor Components
DC Loadline Setting
For single−point hot spot thermal monitoring, simply set
RTTSET1 equal to the NTC thermistor’s resistance at the
alarm temperature (see Figure 30). For example, if the
VRTT alarm temperature is 100°C using a Vishey thermistor
(NTHS−0603N011003J) with a resistance of 100 kW at
25°C, and 6.8 kW at 100°C, simply set RTTSET1 = RTH1
(100°C) to 6.8 kW.
3. Measure the output voltage at no load (VNL). Verify
that it is within tolerance.
4. Measure the output voltage at full load and at cold
(VFLCOLD). Let the board set for ~10 minutes at
full load and measure the output (VFLHOT). If there
is a change of more than a few mV, then adjust
RCS1 and RCS2 using Equations 42 and 43.
5.0 V
VCC
R CS2(NEW) + R CS2(OLD)
31
ADP3207C
TTSN
−
VRTT
30
CTT
+
RTH
R
Figure 30. Single−Point Thermal Monitoring
R PH(NEW) + R PH(OLD)
Multiple−point hot spot thermal monitoring can be
implemented as shown in Figure 31. If any of the monitored
hot spots reach alarm temperature, the VRTT signal is asserted.
The following calculation sets the alarm temperature:
1
R TTSET1 +
2
)
V
V
V
1
* FD
2
V
R TH1ALARMTEMPERATURE
(eq. 41)
REF
(eq. 42)
R OMEAS
RO
(eq. 43)
8. Repeat Steps 6 and 7 to check load line and repeat
adjustments if necessary.
9. Once completed with dc load line adjustment, do not
change RPH, RCS1, RCS2, or RTH for the rest of
procedure.
10. Measure output ripple at no load and full load with a
scope to make sure it is within specification.
FD
REF
V NL * V FLHOT
5. Repeat Step 4 until cold and hot voltage
measurements remain the same.
6. Measure output voltage from no load to full load
using 5 A steps. Compute the load line slope for
each change and then average it to get the overall
load line slope (ROMEAS).
7. If ROMEAS is off from RO by more than 0.05 mW,
use the following to adjust the RPH values:
RTTSET1
R
V NL * V FLCOLD
AC Loadline Setting
Where VFD is the forward drop voltage of the parallel diode.
Because the forward current is very small, the forward drop
voltage is very low (100 mV). Assuming the same 100°C
alarm temperature used in the single−spot thermal monitoring
example, and the same Vishay thermistor, then Equation 41
leads to RTTSET = 7.37 kW, whose closest standard resistor is
7.32 kW (1%).
5V
VACDRP
VCC
31
RTTSET1
R
RTTSET2
VDCDRP
RTTSET3
TTSN
−
+
30
R
RTH1
RTH2
RTH3
Figure 32. AC Loadline Waveform
Figure 31. Multiple−Point Thermal Monitoring
11. Remove the dc load from the circuit and hook up
the dynamic load.
12. Hook up the scope to the output voltage and set it
to dc coupling with the time scale at 100 ms/div.
13. Set the dynamic load for a transient step of about
40 A at 1 kHz with a 50% duty cycle.
14. Measure the output waveform (using the dc offset
on scope to see the waveform, if necessary). Try to
use the vertical scale of 100 mV/div or finer.
The number of hot spots monitored is not limited. The
alarm temperature of each hot spot can be set differently by
playing different RTTSET1, RTTSET2, and RTTSETn.
Tuning Procedure for ADP3207C
1. Build the circuit based on compensation values
computed from Equations 1 to 41.
2. Hook−up the dc load to the circuit. Turn the circuit
on and verify operation. Check for jitter at no load
and full load.
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29
ADP3207C
b. For VTRAN1, increase CB or increase switching
frequency.
c. For VTRAN2, increase RA and decrease CA,
both by 25%.
21. For load release (see Figure 34), if VTRANREL is
larger than the IMVP−6 specification, there is not
enough output capacitance. Either more
capacitance is needed or the inductor values need
to be smaller. If the inductors are changed, then
start the design over using Equations 1 to 38 and
this tuning guide.
15. Users should see a waveform that is similar to the
one in Figure 33. Use the horizontal cursors to
measure VACDRP and VDCDRP as shown. Do not
measure the undershoot or overshoot that occurs
immediately after the step.
16. If the VACDRP and VDCDRP are different by more
than a couple of mV, use the following to adjust CCS.
(Note that users may need to parallel different values
to get the right one due to the limited standard
capacitor values available. It is also wise to have
locations for two capacitors in the layout for this.)
C CS(NEW) + C CS(OLD)
V ACDRP
V DCDRP
(eq. 44)
17. Repeat Step 15 and Step 16. Repeat adjustments if
necessary. Once completed, do not change CCS for
the rest of the procedure.
18. Set dynamic load step to maximum step size. Do not
use a step size larger than needed. Verify that the
output waveform is square, which means VACDRP
and VDCDRP are equal. Note: Make sure that the
load step slew rate and turn−on are set for a slew
rate of ~150 A/ms to 250 A/ms (for example, a load
step of 50 A should take 200 ns to 300 ns) with no
overshoot. Some dynamic loads have an excessive
turn−on overshoot if a minimum current is not set
properly (this is an issue if using a VTT tool).
VTRANREL
Initial Transient Setting
Figure 34. Transient Setting Waveform, Load Release
19. With dynamic load still set at the maximum step
size, expand the scope time scale to see 2 ms/div to
5 ms/div. A waveform that has two overshoots and
one minor undershoot can result (see Figure 33).
Here, VDROOP is the final desired value.
Layout and Component Placement
The following guidelines are recommended for optimal
performance of a switching regulator in a PC system.
General Recommendations
For effective results, at least a 4−layer PCB is
recommended. This allows the needed versatility for control
circuitry interconnections with optimal placement, power
planes for ground, input and output power, and wide
interconnection traces in the rest of the power delivery current
paths. Note that each square unit of 1 ounce copper trace has
a resistance of ~0.53 mW at room temperature.
When high currents need to be routed between PCB layers,
vias should be used liberally to create several parallel current
paths so that the resistance and inductance introduced by
these current paths are minimized, and the via current rating
is not exceeded.
If critical signal lines (including the output voltage sense
lines of the ADP3207C) must cross through power circuitry,
a signal ground plane should be interposed between those
signal lines and the traces of the power circuitry. This serves
as a shield to minimize noise injection into the signals at the
expense of making signal ground a bit noisier.
An analog ground plane should be used around and under
the ADP3207C for referencing the components associated
with the controller. Tie this plane to the nearest output
decoupling capacitor ground. It should not be tied to any other
power circuitry to prevent power currents from flowing in it.
VDROOP
VTRAN1
VDROOP
VTRAN2
Figure 33. Transient Setting Waveform, Load Step
20. If both overshoots are larger than desired, make
the following adjustments in the order they appear.
Note that if these adjustments do not change the
response, users are limited by the output
decoupling. In addition, check the output response
each time a change is made, as well as the
switching nodes to make sure they are still stable.
a. Make ramp resistor larger by 25% (RRAMP).
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30
ADP3207C
opposite side of the PCB where a plane can more readily
transfer the heat to the air. Make a mirror image of any pad
being used to heat sink the MOSFETs on the opposite side
of the PCB to achieve the best thermal dissipation to the air
around the board. To further improve thermal performance,
the largest possible pad area should be used.
The output power path should also be routed to encompass
a short distance. The output power path is formed by the
current path through the inductor, the output capacitors, and
the load.
For best EMI containment, use a solid power ground plane
as one of the inner layers extending fully under all the power
components.
It is important for conversion efficiency that MOSFET
drivers, such as ADP3611, are placed as close to the
MOSFETs as possible. Thick and short traces are required
between the driver and MOSFET gate, especially for the SR
MOSFETs. Ground the MOSFET driver’s GND pin through
the closest vias.
The best location for the ADP3207C is close to the CPU
corner where all the related signal pins are located: VID0 to
VID6, PSI, VCCSENSE, and VSSSENSE. The components
around the ADP3207C should be located close to the
controller with short traces. The most important traces to
keep short and away from other traces are the FB and
CSSUM pins (refer to Figure 28 for more details on layout
for the CSSUM node.) The MLCC for the VCC decoupling
should be placed as close to the VCC pin as possible. In
addition, the noise filtering capacitor on the TTSENSE pin
should also be as close to that pin as possible.
The output capacitors should be connected as closely as
possible to the load (or connector) that receives the power
(for example, a microprocessor core). If the load is
distributed, then the capacitors should also be distributed,
and generally in proportion to where the load tends to be
more dynamic.
Power Circuitry
Avoid crossing any signal lines over the switching power
path loop. This path should be routed on the PCB to
encompass the shortest possible length to minimize radiated
switching noise energy (that is, EMI) and conduction losses
in the board. Failure to take proper precautions often results
in EMI problems for the entire PC system as well as
noise−related operational problems in the power converter
control circuitry. The switching power path is the loop
formed by the current path through the input capacitors and
the power MOSFETs, including all interconnecting PCB
traces and planes. The use of short and wide interconnection
traces is especially critical in this path for two reasons: it
minimizes the inductance in the switching loop, which can
cause high energy ringing, and it accommodates the high
current demand with minimal voltage loss.
Whenever a power−dissipating component (for example,
a power MOSFET) is soldered to a PCB, the liberal use of
vias, both directly on the mounting pad and immediately
surrounding it, is recommended. Two important reasons for
this are: improved current rating through the vias, and
improved thermal performance from vias extended to the
Signal Circuitry
The output voltage is sensed and regulated between the FB
pin and the FBRTN pin, which connects to the signal ground
at the load. To avoid differential mode noise pickup in the
sensed signal, the loop area should be small. Therefore, route
the FB and FBRTN traces adjacent to each other atop the
power ground plane back to the controller. To filter any noise
from the FBRTN trace, using a 1000 pF MLCC is suggested.
It should be placed between the FBRTN pin and local ground
and as close to the FBRTN pin as possible.
Connect the feedback traces from the switch nodes as
close as possible to the inductor. The CSREF signal should
be Kelvin connected to the center point of the copper bar,
which is the VCore common node for the inductors of all
phases.
On the back side of the ADP3207C package, a metal pad
can be used as the device heat sink. In addition, running vias
under the ADP3207C is not recommended because the
metal pad can cause shorting between vias.
ORDERING INFORMATION
Temperature Range
Package
Shipping†
ADP3207CJCPZ−RL
0°C to 100°C
LFCSP40
2500 / Tape & Reel
ADP3207CFJCPZ−RL
0°C to 100°C
LFCSP40
2500 / Tape & Reel
Device
†For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging
Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D.
*The “Z” suffix indicates Pb−Free part.
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31
ADP3207C
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
LFCSP40 6x6, 0.5P
CASE 932AC−01
ISSUE A
D
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER
ASME Y14.5M, 1994.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS: MILLIMETERS.
3. DIMENSION b APPLIES TO PLATED
TERMINAL AND IS MEASURED BETWEEN
0.15 AND 0.30mm FROM THE TERMINAL TIP.
4. COPLANARITY APPLIES TO THE EXPOSED
PAD AS WELL AS THE TERMINALS.
A
B
D1
PIN ONE
REFERENCE
E1
E
DIM
A
A1
A3
b
D
D1
D2
E
E1
E2
e
H
K
L
M
0.20 C
TOP VIEW
0.20 C
H
(A3)
0.10 C
A
NOTE 4
0.08 C
SIDE VIEW A1
C
4X
SEATING
PLANE
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
0.80
1.00
0.00
0.05
0.20 REF
0.18
0.30
6.00 BSC
5.75 BSC
3.95
4.25
6.00 BSC
5.75 BSC
3.95
4.25
0.50 BSC
−−−
12 °
0.20
−−−
0.30
0.50
−−−
0.60
SOLDERING FOOTPRINT*
6.30
M
11
K
D2
4X
4.14
M
21
PIN 1
INDICATOR
40X
0.63
1
E2
40X
4.14
L
6.30
1
40
31
e
40X
BOTTOM VIEW
b
0.10 C A B
0.05 C
PACKAGE
OUTLINE
40X
0.50
PITCH
NOTE 3
0.28
DIMENSIONS: MILLIMETERS
*For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering
details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and
Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D.
FlexMode is a trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.
All brand names and product names appearing in this document are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.
ON Semiconductor and
are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice
to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability
arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages.
“Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All
operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights
nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications
intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should
Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates,
and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death
associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal
Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner.
PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION
LITERATURE FULFILLMENT:
Literature Distribution Center for ON Semiconductor
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Phone: 303−675−2175 or 800−344−3860 Toll Free USA/Canada
Fax: 303−675−2176 or 800−344−3867 Toll Free USA/Canada
Email: [email protected]
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Phone: 421 33 790 2910
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Phone: 81−3−5773−3850
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ON Semiconductor Website: www.onsemi.com
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For additional information, please contact your local
Sales Representative
ADP3207C/D