DS9594AB 02

RT9594A/B
MOSFET Integrated Smart Photoflash Capacitor Charger
with IGBT Driver
General Description
Features
The RT9594A/B are complete photoflash module solutions
for digital and film cameras. They are targeted for
applications that use 2 to 4 AA batteries or 1 to 2 lithiumion batteries. The RT9594A/B adopt flyback topology which
use constant primary peak current and zero secondary
valley current to charge photoflash capacitor quickly and
efficiently. The built-in 50V MOSFET allows flexibility in
transformer design and simplifies the PCB layout. The
RT9594A/B also integrate an IGBT driver for igniting
photoflash tube. Only a few external components are
required, which greatly reduces the PCB space and cost.
The RT9594A/B are available in the WQFN-16L 3x3
package.
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50V MOSFET Integrated
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1.6V to 9V Battery Input Voltage Range
Two Charge Current Levels Setting
Charges Any Size Photoflash Capacitor
Adjustable Input Current
Adjustable Output Voltage
Charge Complete Indicator
Built-in IGBT Driver for IGBT Application
Constant Peak Current Control
16-Lead WQFN Package
RoHS Compliant and Halogen Free
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Applications
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Pin Configurations
Lead Plating System
G : Green (Halogen Free and Pb Free)
VDD : 5V (typ.)
VDD : 3.3V (typ.)
RoHS compliant and compatible with the current requirements of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020.
`
Suitable for use in SnPb or Pb-free soldering processes.
VBAT
CS
VDOUT
FBVD
VDD
FB
10 STAT
9 AGND
1
12
2
11
PGND
3
17
4
5
6
7
8
DRVOUT
`
SW
16 15 14 13
Note :
Richtek products are :
PGND
SW
PGND
(TOP VIEW)
VDRV
Package Type
QW : WQFN-16L 3x3 (W-Type)
DRVIN
RT9594A/B
Digital Still Camera
Film Camera Flash Unit
Camera Phone Flash
CHARGE
Ordering Information
WQFN-16L 3x3
Marking Information
For marking information, contact our sales representative
directly or through a Richtek distributor located in your
area.
DS9594A/B-02 April 2011
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1
RT9594A/B
Typical Application Circuit
V OUT
GSD2004S
1:N
V BAT
C2
47uF
CD
330pF
FB
SW
VDD
10 STAT
5
DRVIN
6
RT9594A/B VDRV 7
8
DRVOUT
CHARGE
2 CS
AGND
R4
100k
R3
1k
13, 14 11
FBVD
C1
1uF
PGND
VBAT
12
3.3V/5V
15, 16
R5
27k
C OUT
100uF/
330V
R2
150k
* optional
1
+
R1
150k
VDOUT 3
Strobe
3.3V/5V
IGBT
Gate
C3
0.1uF
9
4
Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit
Note * : If the spike voltage on SW pin is higher than 50V (internal N-MOSFET DC rating ) while internal N-MOSFET switches
off, place the capacitor (CD) between SW pin and PGND to reduce the spike voltage.
V OUT
GSD2004S
1:N
V BAT
C2
47uF
+
R1
150k
C OUT
100uF/
330V
R2
150k
R4
100k
FB
DRVIN
2 CS
6
RT9594A/B VDRV 7
8
CHARGE
R5
27k
SW
VDD
10 STAT
5
R3
1k
13, 14 11
DRVOUT
4
AGND
C1
1uF
FBVD
12
3.3V/5V
15, 16
PGND
VBAT
1
VDOUT 3
Strobe
3.3V/5V
IGBT
Gate
C3
0.1uF
9
Figure 2. Application Circuit for the Gate Drive Voltage of IGBT Same as VDD Voltage
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2
DS9594A/B-02 April 2011
RT9594A/B
Function Block Diagram
DRVIN
VDRV
DRVOUT
SW
Sense
Maximum
Off
AGND
VBAT
SW
S
CHARGE
FB
1V
+
-
Enable
0.8V
Q
R
PGND
+
Ipeak
VDD
STAT
VDOUT
1V
OTP
OCP
CS
+
-
FBVD
Functional Pin Description
Pin No.
Pin Name
Pin Function
1
VBAT
Battery Voltage Pin.
2
CS
Input Current Setting Pin.
3
VDOUT
Voltage Detector Output Pin. Open drain output.
4
FBVD
Voltage Detector Feedback Pin.
Charge Enable Pin. The charge function is executed when CHARGE pin is set
5
CHARGE
from Low to High. The chip is in Shutdown mode when CHARGE pin is set to
Low.
6
DRVIN
IGBT Driver Input Pin.
7
VDRV
IGBT Driver Power Pin.
8
DRVOUT
IGBT Driver Output Pin.
9
AGND
Analog Ground.
10
STAT
Charge Status Output. Open Drain output. When target output voltage is
reached, N-MOSFET turns on. This pin needs a pull up resistor.
11
FB
Feedback Voltage Pin.
12
VDD
Power Input Pin.
13, 14
SW
15, 16,
17 (Exposed Pad)
PGND
DS9594A/B-02 April 2011
N-MOSFET Switching Node.
Power Ground. The exposed pad must be soldered to a large PCB and
connected to PGND for maximum power dissipation.
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3
RT9594A/B
Absolute Maximum Ratings
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(Note 1)
Supply Voltage, VDD -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Battery Input Voltage, VBAT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Built-in N-Channel Enhancement MOSFET
Drain-Source Voltage ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SW Pulse Current (Pulse Width ≤ 1us) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------SW Continuous Current ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CS, VDOUT, FBVD, CHARGE, DRVIN, VDRV, DRVOUT, STAT, FB -----------------------------------------Power Dissipation, PD @ TA = 25°C
WQFN-16L 3x3 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Package Thermal Resistance (Note 2)
WQFN-16L 3x3, θJA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WQFN-16L 3x3, θJC -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Junction Temperature ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Storage Temperature Range -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ESD Susceptibility (Note 3)
HBM (Human Body Mode) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MM (Machine Mode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recommended Operating Conditions
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6V
12V
50V
4A
2A
6V
1.67W
60°C/W
7°C/W
150°C
260°C
−65°C to 150°C
2kV
200V
(Note 4)
Built-in N-Channel Enhancement MOSFET
Drain-Source Voltage ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40V
Junction Temperature Range -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- −40°C to 125°C
Ambient Temperature Range -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- −40°C to 85°C
Electrical Characteristics
(VDD = 3.3V/5V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise specification)
Parameter
V DD Operating Voltage
Symbol
RT9594A
RT9594B
Test Conditions
VDD
Min
Typ
Max
Units
3.15
3.3
3.4
4.5
5
5.5
1.6
--
9
V
V
Battery Voltage
VBAT
Switch-Off Current (IVDD)
IVDD _SW _OFF V FB = 1.1V
--
1
10
uA
Shutdown Current (IVDD)
IOFF
--
0.01
1
uA
FB Voltage
VFB
0.985
1
1.015
V
--
--
8
mV
--
11
19
Ω
Line Regulation
RT9594A
RT9594B
|ΔV FB|
STAT Open Drain RDS(ON)
CHARGE pin = 0V
3.15V ≤ V DD ≤ 3.4V
4.5V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V
Charge Enable High
VCEH
1.3
--
--
V
Charge Enable Low
VCEL
--
--
0.4
V
To be continued
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DS9594A/B-02 April 2011
RT9594A/B
Parameter
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
--
300
400
--
250
350
Max Off Time During Pre-Charge
--
9
--
us
Min Off Time
--
400
--
ns
2
--
5.5
V
0.8
1.5
2.4
V
Built-in N-Channel Enhancement MOSFET
Drain-Source
On-Resistance
RT9594A
RDS(ON)
ID = 10mA
RT9594B
mΩ
IGBT Driver
IGBT Driver Supply Voltage
VVDRV
DRVIN Trip Point
DRVOUT On Resistance to VVDRV
VVDRV = 3.3V
--
6
--
Ω
DRVOUT On Resistance to GND
VVDRV = 3.3V
--
6
--
Ω
Propagation Delay (Rising)
--
20
--
ns
Propagation Delay (Falling)
--
200
--
ns
0.95
0.99
1.03
V
--
65
--
mV
--
12
--
Ω
Voltage Detector
Voltage Detector Trip (Falling)
VFBVD
Voltage Detector Hysteresis
VFBVD_HYS
FBVD Falling
VDOUT on Resistance to GND
Note 1. Stresses listed as the above “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are for
stress ratings. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the
operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended
periods may remain possibility to affect device reliability.
Note 2. θJA is measured in the natural convection at TA = 25°C on a low effective thermal conductivity test board (single layer,
1S) of JEDEC 51-3 thermal measurement standard. The case point of θJC is on the expose pad for the package.
Note 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution is recommended.
Note 4. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions.
DS9594A/B-02 April 2011
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5
RT9594A/B
Typical Operating Characteristics
Charge Time vs. VBAT
Charge Time vs. VBAT
12
12
VDD = 3.3V, COUT = 140μF
VOUT = 0 to 300V
10
10
9
9
8
7
IPK-PRI = 1.4A
6
5
VDD = 5V, COUT = 140μF
VOUT = 0 to 300V
11
Charge Time (s)
Charge Time (s)
11
IPK-PRI = 1.6A
8
7
5
4
4
3
3
2
IPK-PRI = 1.4A
6
IPK-PRI = 1.6A
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
VBAT (V)
2
3
4
5
6
7
VBAT (V)
Output Voltage vs. VBAT
Switching
308
VOUT = 100V
Output Voltage (V)
306
VSW
(20V/Div)
304
TA = 25°C
302
I PRI
(1A/Div)
300
TA = 85°C
TA = -40°C
I SEC
(200mA/Div)
298
296
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
Time (1μs/Div)
VBAT (V)
Charging
Switching
VOUT = 300V
CHARGE
(5V/Div)
VSW
(20V/Div)
STAT
(5V/Div)
I PRI
(1A/Div)
I IN
(200mA/Div)
VOUT
(50V/Div)
I SEC
(200mA/Div)
Time (1μs/Div)
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6
VBAT = 3.7V, VDD = 3.3V
COUT = 140μF
Time (1s/Div)
DS9594A/B-02 April 2011
RT9594A/B
Application Information
The RT9594A/B integrate a constant peak current controller
for charging photoflash capacitor and an IGBT driver for
igniting flash tube.
The photoflash capacitor charger uses constant primary
peak current and SW falling control to efficiently charge
the photoflash capacitor. Pulling the CHARGE pin high
will initiate the charging cycle. During MOS on period,
the primary current ramps up linearly according to VBAT
and primary inductance. A resistor connecting from CS
pin to GND determines the primary peak current.
During the MOS off period, the energy stored in the flyback
transformer is boosted to the output capacitor. The
secondary current decreases linearly at a rate determined
by the secondary inductance and the output voltage
(neglecting the voltage drop of the diode). The SW pin
monitors the secondary current. When the secondary
current drops to 0A, SW voltage falls then MOS on period
starts again. The charging cycle repeats itself and charges
the output capacitor.
The output voltage is sensed by a voltage divider connecting
to the anode of the rectifying diode. When the output
voltage reaches the desired voltage set by the resistor
divider, the charging block will be disabled and stop
charging. Then STAT pin will be pulled low to indicate the
complete charging. The voltage-sensing path will be cut
off when charging completed to minimize the output voltage
decay. Both the CHARGE and STAT pins can be easily
interfaced to a microprocessor in a digital system.
Transformer
The flyback transformer should be appropriately designed
to ensure effective and efficient operation.
1. Turns Ratio
The turns ratio of transformer (N) should be high enough
so that the absolute maximum voltage rating for the
internal N-MOSFET drain to source voltage is not
exceeded. Choose the minimum turns ratio according to
the following formula :
VOUT
NMIN ≥
45 − VBAT
Where :
VOUT : Target Output Voltage
VBAT : Battery Voltage
DS9594A/B-02 April 2011
2. Primary Inductance
For each switching cycle, energy transferred to the output
capacitor is proportional to the primary inductance for a
constant primary current. The higher the primary
inductance is, the higher the charging efficiency will be.
Besides, to ensure enough off time for output voltage
sensing, the primary inductance should be high enough
according to the following formula :
400 × 10 −9 × VOUT
L PRI ≥
N × IPK −PRI
VOUT : Target Output Voltage
N : Transformer turns ratio
IPK-PRI : Primary peak current
3. Leakage Inductance
The leakage inductance of the transformer results in the
first spike voltage when N-MOSFET turns off. The spike
voltage is proportional to the leakage inductance and
inductor peak current. The spike voltage must not exceed
the dynamic rating of the N-MOSFET drain to source
voltage (50V).
4. Transformer Secondary Capacitance
Any capacitance on the secondary can severely affect the
efficiency. A small secondary capacitance is multiplied
by N2 when reflected to the primary will become large.
This capacitance forms a resonant circuit with the primary
leakage inductance of the transformer. Therefore, both the
primary leakage inductance and secondary side
capacitance should be minimized.
Rectifying Diode
The rectifying diode should be with short reverse recovery
time (small parasitic capacitance). Large parasitic
capacitance increases switching loss and lowers charging
efficiency. In addition, the peak reverse voltage and peak
current of the diode should be sufficient.
The peak reverse voltage of the diode is approximately :
VPK −R ≈ VOUT + (N × VBAT )
The peak current of the diode equal primary peak current
divide transformer turn ratio as the following equation :
I
IPK −SEC = PK −PRI
N
Where : N is transformer turns ratio.
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7
RT9594A/B
Adjustable Input Current
Lower Charging Current at Low Battery Voltage
The RT9594A/B simply adjust peak primary current by a
resistor RCS connecting to CS pin as shown in Function
block diagram. RCS determines the peak current of primary
N-MOSFET according to the following Equation :
The RT9594A/B also offers two stage charging function.
If the resistor divider is connected from VBAT to FBVD to
GND as shown in Figure 5, it will detect the battery voltage.
Because of the reference voltage of the internal detector
is 1V, thus the battery trip point is 2.5V. When battery
voltage is >2.5V, the VDOUT open drain MOS inside the
RT9594A/B will be turned on (VDOUT state become GND),
the peak current value will be determined by R4. When
battery voltage is <2.5V, the VDOUT open drain MOS
inside the RT9594A/B will be turned off (VDOUT state
become OPEN), then the peak current is determined by
R4 series with R5. Thus charging current is decreasing
as shown in Figure 7.
Adjustable Output Voltage
The RT9594A/B sense output voltage by a voltage divider
connecting to the anode of the rectifying diode during OFF
time as shown in Figure 3. This eliminates power loss at
voltage-sensing circuit when charging completed. R1 to
R2 ratio determines the output voltage as shown in the
typical application circuit. The feedback reference voltage
is 1V. If VOUT = 300V, according the following equation :
(
VOUT = VFB × 1 +
)
R1 + R2
R1 + R2
, so
= 299.
R3
R3
As shown in the Figure 6 circuit, the FBVD voltage also
could be set by the GPIO signal. When GPIO voltage is
>1V, the first stage peak current value will be determined
by R4. When the GPIO voltage is <1V, the second stage
peak current is determined by R4 series with R5.
1:N
V BAT
It is recommend to set R3 = 1kΩ and R1 = R2 = 150kΩ
for reducing parasitic capacitance coupling effect of the
FB pin. R1 and R2 MUST be greater than 0805 size
resistor for enduring secondary HV. Another sensing
method is to sense the output voltage directly as shown
in Figure 4.
47uF
R6
1.5M
V OUT
C OUT
100uF
/330V
R2
150k
R7
1M
FBVD
VDOUT
R5
3k
R4
V OUT
CS
3.3V
R3
1k
Strobe
DRVIN
VDRV
RT9594A/B
24k
VDD
3.3V/5V
0.1uF
To IGBT Gate
DRVOUT
1uF
100K
R1
150k
GSD2004S
R1
150k
FB
select appropriate RCS according to the battery capability
and required charging time.
SW
Where the IPK-PRI is the primary peak current. Users could
VBAT
(Ω)
PGND
RCS = 40000
IPK −PRI
CHARGE
AGND
STAT
C OUT
R2
150k
Figure 5. Two Stage Charging Application Circuit
FB
R3
1k
1:N
V BAT
R2
10M
C OUT
R3
66.5k
Figure 4. Sensing Output Voltage
VDOUT
R4
CS
24k
VDD
1uF
100K
STAT
FB
SW
VBAT
FBVD
3.3V
C1
10nF
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8
R5
3k
PGND
GPIO
FB
C OUT
100uF
/330V
R2
150k
V OUT
R1
10M
V OUT
R1
150k
47uF
Figure 3. Sensing Anode of Diode
GSD2004S
DRVIN
VDRV
RT9594A/B
DRVOUT
R3
1k
Strobe
3.3V/5V
0.1uF
To IGBT Gate
CHARGE
AGND
Figure 6. Two Stage Charging by GPIO Signal
DS9594A/B-02 April 2011
RT9594A/B
VBAT < 2.5V
VBAT
(1V/Div)
Change to lower current
I IN
(200mA/Div)
VOUT
(50V/Div)
Time (1s/Div)
Figure 7. Lower Charging Current
Layout Guide
For best performance, careful PCB layout is necessary.
The following guidelines should be strictly followed when
designing a PCB layout for the RT9594A/B.
1. Both of primary and secondary power paths should be
as short as possible.
2. Place the RCS as close to chip as possible. The GND
side of RCS should be directly connected to ground
plane to avoid noise coupling.
3. Keep FB node area small and far away from nodes
with voltage switching to reduce parasitic capacitance
coupling effect.
4. The PGND should be connected to VBAT ground plane
to reduce switching noise.
V BAT
V OUT
PGND
SW
PGND
SW
PGND
PGND
16 15 14 13
Bottom
VDD
11 FB
10 STAT
9 AGND
12
1
2
PGND
3
17
5
6
7
8
DRVIN
VDRV
DRVOUT
4
CHARGE
AGND
VBAT
CS
VDOUT
FBVD
Figure 8. Suggestion Layout
DS9594A/B-02 April 2011
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9
RT9594A/B
Outline Dimension
D
SEE DETAIL A
D2
L
1
E
E2
e
b
A3
Symbol
1
2
2
DETAIL A
Pin #1 ID and Tie Bar Mark Options
A
A1
1
Note : The configuration of the Pin #1 identifier is optional,
but must be located within the zone indicated.
Dimensions In Millimeters
Dimensions In Inches
Min
Max
Min
Max
A
0.700
0.800
0.028
0.031
A1
0.000
0.050
0.000
0.002
A3
0.175
0.250
0.007
0.010
b
0.180
0.300
0.007
0.012
D
2.950
3.050
0.116
0.120
D2
1.300
1.750
0.051
0.069
E
2.950
3.050
0.116
0.120
E2
1.300
1.750
0.051
0.069
e
L
0.500
0.350
0.020
0.450
0.014
0.018
W-Type 16L QFN 3x3 Package
Richtek Technology Corporation
Richtek Technology Corporation
Headquarter
Taipei Office (Marketing)
5F, No. 20, Taiyuen Street, Chupei City
5F, No. 95, Minchiuan Road, Hsintien City
Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Taipei County, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Tel: (8863)5526789 Fax: (8863)5526611
Tel: (8862)86672399 Fax: (8862)86672377
Email: [email protected]
Information that is provided by Richtek Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. Richtek reserves the right to make any change in circuit
design, specification or other related things if necessary without notice at any time. No third party intellectual property infringement of the applications should be
guaranteed by users when integrating Richtek products into any application. No legal responsibility for any said applications is assumed by Richtek.
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DS9594A/B-02 April 2011