SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DESCRIPTION DATASHEET FEATURES Up to 16-bit differential data acquisition Programmable gain: (1/12 to 1000) Sensor offset compensation up to 15 times full scale of input signal 3 differential or 6 single-ended signal inputs Programmable Resolution versus Speed versus Supply current Digital outputs to bias Sensors Internal or external voltage reference Internal time base Low-power (250 uA for 16b @ 250 S/s) Fast I2C interface with external address option, no clock stretching required fo r The SX8724C is a data acquisition system based on Semtech's low power ZoomingADC™ technology. It directly connects most types of miniature sensors with a general purpose microcontroller. APPLICATIONS ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d With 3 differential inputs, it can adapt to multiple sensor systems. Its digital outputs are used to bias or reset the sensing elements. ORDERING INFORMATION Industrial pressure sensing Industrial temperature sensing Industrial chemical sensing Barometer Compass DEVICE PACKAGE REEL QUANTITY SX8724CWLTDT MLPQ-W-16 4x4 1000 - Available in tape and reel only - WEEE/RoHS compliant, Pb-Free and Halogen Free. R FUNCTIONAL BLOC DIAGRAM SX8724C VBATT + - N VREF + + - - ZoomingADC REF MUX ot TM AC2 AC3 AC4 AC5 SIGNAL MUX AC0 AC1 PGA ADC READY MCU AC6 AC7 CONTROL LOGIC D0 D1 D2 GPIO CHARGE PUMP 4MHz OSC I2C SCL SDA D3 VPUMP VSS Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 1 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET TABLE OF CONTENT Section Page ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 fo r Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Timing Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 POR Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 I2C interface timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 I2C timing Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d 1 2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ot R Pin Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marking Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pin Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bloc diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VREF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GPIO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optional Operating Mode: External Vref . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charge Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RC Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wake-up from sleep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZoomingADC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Programmable Gain Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PGA & ADC Enabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZoomingADC Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Input Multiplexers (AMUX and VMUX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . First Stage Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second Stage Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third Stage Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PGA Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conversion Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-Sampling Frequency (fs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-Sampling Ratio (OSR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of Elementary Conversions (Nelconv) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conversion Time & Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Continuous-Time vs. On-Request Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Output Code Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Saving Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Reduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gain Configuration Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2C Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Slave Address Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N 3 4 5 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.4 6.5 6.5.1 7 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.6.1 7.7 7.7.1 7.7.2 7.7.3 7.7.4 7.7.5 7.7.6 7.7.7 7.7.8 7.7.9 8 8.1 8.2 9 9.1 9.2 Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 2 12 12 13 14 14 14 14 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 20 20 21 22 23 23 25 28 28 29 29 29 30 31 32 33 35 36 36 37 38 38 38 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET TABLE OF CONTENT Section fo r Address Set Externally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2C General Call Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2C Register Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Writing a Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reading in a Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Writing in Several Consecutive Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reading from Several Consecutive Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Register Memory Map and Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Register Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Registers Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RC Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GPIO Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZADC Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mode Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typical Performances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Input impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switched Capacitor Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Linearity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Integral Non-Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Differential Non-Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gain Error and Offset Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d 9.2.1 9.3 9.4 9.4.1 9.4.2 9.4.3 9.4.4 10 10.1 10.2 10.2.1 10.2.2 10.2.3 10.2.4 11 11.1 11.1.1 11.2 11.3 11.3.1 11.3.2 11.4 11.5 11.6 Page 39 39 40 40 40 40 41 42 42 42 43 43 44 46 47 47 48 49 50 50 54 54 57 58 Comparizon table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Comparizon by package pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 ot 12 13 R FAMILY OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 14 15 16 17 18 N MECHANICAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 PCB Layout Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How to Evaluate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Package Outline Drawing: MLPQ-W16-4x4-EP1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land Pattern Drawing: 4x4MLPQ-W16-EP1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tape and Reel Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 3 63 63 64 65 66 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS 1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Note Table 1. ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d fo r The Absolute Maximum Ratings, in table below, are stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at conditions other than those indicated in the Operating Conditions sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to the absolute maximum ratings, where different to the operating conditions, for an extended period may reduce the reliability or useful lifetime of the product. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Power supply Storage temperature Temperature under bias Input voltage Min VSS - 0.3 6.5 V -55 150 °C TBIAS -40 140 °C All inputs VSS - 300 VBATT + 300 mV 260 °C Human Body Model ESD 2000 V 100 mA ESDHBM N ot R Latchup Units VBATT TPKG ESD conditions Max TSTORE VINABS Peak reflow temperature Condition Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 4 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 2 Operating Conditions Table 2. Operating conditions limits Parameter Symbol Unit 2.4 5.5 V -40 125 °C Typ Max Unit 16 b @ 250 Sample/s ADC, fs = 125 kHz 250 350 16 b @ 1kSample/s PGA3 + ADC, fs = 500 kHz 700 900 16 b + gain 1000 @ 1kSample/s PGA3,2,1 + ADC, fs = 500 kHz 1000 1350 16 b @ 250 Sample/s ADC, fs = 125 kHz 150 16 b @ 1 kSample/s PGA3 + ADC, fs = 500 kHz 300 16 b + gain 1000 @ 1kSample/s PGA3,2,1 + ADC, fs = 500 kHz 850 @25°C 75 up to 85°C 100 @125°C 150 200 500 575 . Min Typ ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d TOP Operating temperature Electrical Characteristics Parameter Symbol CURRENT CONSUMPTION1 IOP33 ISLEEP N ot Active current, 3.3V IOP55 R Active current, 5.5V Sleep current Max VBATT Power supply Table 3. Comment/Condition fo r Unless otherwise specified: VREF,ADC = VBATT, VIN = 0V, Over-sampling frequency fS = 250 kHz, PGA3 on with Gain = 1, PGA1&PGA2 off, offsets GDOff2 = GDOff3 = 0. Power operation: normal (IbAmpAdc[1:0] = IbAmpPga[1:0] = '01'). For resolution n = 12 bits: OSR = 32 and NELCONV = 4. For resolution n = 16 bits: OSR = 256 and NELCONV = 2. Bandgap chopped at NELCONV rate. If VBATT < 4.2V, Charge Pump is forced on. If VBATT > 4.2V, Charge Pump is forced off. Comment/Condition Min μA μA nA TIME BASE Max ADC Over-Sampling frequency fSmax ADC Over-Sampling frequency drift fST @25°C 425 0.15 kHz % / °C DIGITAL I/O VBATT 0.7 Input logic high VIH Input logic low VIL Output logic high VOH IOH < 4 mA Output logic low VOL IOL < 4 mA 0.3 VBATT VBATT-0.4 V 0.4 V 0.7 VBATT SCL and SDA I/O VIH Input logic high Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 5 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING Table 3. DATASHEET Electrical Characteristics Parameter Symbol Input logic low Comment/Condition Min Typ VIL Max Unit 0.25 VBATT 100 nA 1.25 V Leakages currents ILeakIn Digital input mode, no pull-up or pull-down VREF: Internal Bandgap Reference VBG VBATT > 3V Variation over Temperature VBGT VBATT > 3V, over Temperature Total Output Noise VBGN VBATT > 3V 1. 1.19 1.22 -1.5 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Absolute output voltage -100 fo r Input leakage current +1.5 % 1 mVrms The device can be operated in either active or sleep states. The Sleep state is complete shutdown, but the active state can have a variety of different current consumptions depending on the settings. Some examples are given here: The Sleep state is the default state after power-on-reset. The chip can then be placed into an active state after a valid I2C communication is received. Table 4. ZoomingADC Specifications Parameter Symbol Condition Min Gain=1, OSR=32, VREF=5V. Note 1 -2.42 Typ Max Unit +2.42 V ANALOG INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Differential Input Voltage Range VIN = VINP-VINN Gain=100, OSR=32, VREF=5V -24.2 +24.2 mV Gain=1000, OSR=32, VREF=5V -2.42 +2.42 mV Note 1 PROGRAMMABLE GAIN AMPLIFIER Total PGA Gain GDTOT PGA1 Gain R PGA2 Gain PGA3 Gain 1/12 1000 V/V GD1 (see Table 11, page 22) 1 10 V/V GD2 (see Table 12, page 23) 1 10 V/V GD3 Step = 1/12 V/V (see Table 13, page 23) 1/12 127/12 V/V +3 % Gain ≥ 1 ot Gain Settings Precision (each stage) Gain Temperature Dependance -3 ±0.5 ±5 ppm / °C GDOFF2 Step = 0.2 V/V (see Table 12, page 23) -1 +1 V/V PGA3 Offset GDOFF3 Step = 1/12 V/V (see Table 13, page 23) -63/12 +63/12 V/V +3 % N PGA2 Offset Offset Settings Precision (PGA2 or PGA3) Note 2 -3 Offset Temperature Dependance Input Impedance on PGA1 (see section 11.1, page 47) Input Impedance on PGA2,3 Output RMS Noise per over-sample Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 ±0.5 ±5 ppm / °C Gain = 1. Note 3 1200 1350 kΩ Gain = 10. Note 3 250 300 kΩ Gain = 1. Note 3 150 200 kΩ PGA1. Note 4 205 μV PGA2. Note 4 340 μV PGA3. Note 4 365 μV Page 6 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING Table 4. DATASHEET ZoomingADC Specifications Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit 16 Bits ADC STATIC PERFORMANCES n Note 5 Note 6 6 ±0.15 % ±1 LSB ±0.6 LSB ±1.5 LSB ±0.5 LSB ±0.5 LSB VBATT = 5V +/- 0.3V. Note 11 78 dB VBATT = 3V +/- 0.3V. Note 11 72 dB Gain Error Note 7 Offset Error n = 16 bits. Note 8 INL Differential Non-Linearity DNL Power Supply Rejection Ratio DC resolution n = 12 bits. Note 9 resolution n = 16 bits. Note 9 resolution n = 12 bits. Note 10 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Integral Non-Linearity fo r Resolution (No Missing Codes) PSRR resolution n = 16 bits. Note 10 ADC DYNAMIC PERFORMANCES n = 12 bits. Note 12 133 fs cycles n = 16 bits. Note 12 517 fs cycles n = 12 bits, fs = 250 kHz 1.88 kSps n = 16 bits, fs = 250 kHz 0.483 kSps Note 13 (see Table 12, page 23) OSR fs cycles VBATT = 5.5V/3.3V 285/210 μA VBATT = 5.5V/3.3V 104/80 μA VBATT = 5.5V/3.3V 67/59 μA VBATT = 5.5V/3.3V 98/91 μA VBATT = 5.5V/3.3V. Note 14 4.0/2.0 mW VBATT = 5.5V/3.3V. Note 15 3.2/1.6 mW 1/2 Power Reduction Mode VBATT = 5.5V/3.3V. Note 16 2.4/1.1 mW 1/4 Power Reduction Mode VBATT = 5.5V/3.3V. Note 17 1.5/0.7 mW Conversion Time TCONV Throughput Rate (Continuous Mode) PGA Stabilization Delay 1/TCONV ZADC ANALOG QUIESCENT CURRENT ADC Only Consumption IQ PGA1 Consumption R PGA2 Consumption PGA3 Consumption ANALOG POWER DISSIPATION : All PGAs & ADC Active ot Normal Power Mode N 3/4 Power Reduction Mode (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) Gain defined as overall PGA gain GDTOT = GD1 x GD2 x GD3. Maximum input voltage is given by: VIN,MAX = ±(VREF / 2) (OSR / OSR+1). Offset due to tolerance on GDoff2 or GDoff3 setting. For small intrinsic offset, use only ADC and PGA1. Measured with block connected to inputs through Amux block. Normalized input sampling frequency for input impedance is fS = 500 kHz (fS max, worst case). This figure must be multiplied by 2 for fS = 250 kHz, 4 for fS = 125 kHz. Input impedance is proportional to 1/fS. Figure independent from gain and sampling frequency. fS. The effective output noise is reduced by the over-sampling ratio Resolution is given by n = 2 log2(OSR) + log2(NELCONV ). OSR can be set between 8 and 1024, in powers of 2. NELCONV can be set to 1, 2, 4 or 8. If a ramp signal is applied to the input, all digital codes appear in the resulting ADC output data. Gain error is defined as the amount of deviation between the ideal (theoretical) transfer function and the measured transfer function (with the offset error removed). Offset error is defined as the output code error for a zero volt input (ideally, output code = 0). For 1 LSB offset, NELCONV must be at least 2. INL defined as the deviation of the DC transfer curve of each individual code from the best-fit straight line. This specification holds over the full scale. DNL is defined as the difference (in LSB) between the ideal (1 LSB) and measured code transitions for successive codes. Values for Gain = 1. PSRR is defined as the amount of change in the ADC output value as the power supply voltage changes. Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 7 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING (13) N ot R ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d (14) (15) (16) (17) Conversion time is given by: TCONV = (NELCONV (OSR + 1) + 1) / fS. OSR can be set between 8 and 1024, in powers of 2. NELCONV can be set to 1, 2, 4 or 8. PGAs are reset after each writing operation to registers RegACCfg1-5, corresponding to change of configuration or input switching. The ADC should be started only some delay after a change of PGA configuration through these registers. Delay between change of configuration of PGA or input channel switching and ADC start should be equivalent to OSR (between 8 and 1024) number of cycles. This is done by writing bit Start several cycles after PGA settings modification or channel switching. This delay does not apply to conversions made without the PGAs. Nominal (maximum) bias currents in PGAs and ADC, i.e. IbAmpPga[1:0] = '11' and IbAmpAdc[1:0] = '11'. Bias currents in PGAs and ADC set to 3/4 of nominal values, i.e. IbAmpPga[1:0] = '10', IbAmpAdc[1:0] = '10'. Bias currents in PGAs and ADC set to 1/2 of nominal values, i.e. IbAmpPga[1:0] = '01', IbAmpAdc[1:0] = '01'. Bias currents in PGAs and ADC set to 1/4 of nominal values, i.e. IbAmpPga[1:0] = '00', IbAmpAdc[1:0] = '00'. fo r (12) DATASHEET Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 8 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 2.1 Timing Characteristics Table 5. General timings Parameter Symbol Comment/Condition Min Typ Max Unit ADC INTERRUPT (READY) TIMING SPECIFICATIONS READY pulse width Note 1 tIRQ 1 tSTART Time to enable RC from Sleep after an I2C command tRCEN (1) ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Startup sequence time at POR fo r STARTUP TIMES 1/fs 800 μs 450 μs The READY pulse indicates End of Conversion. This is a Positive pulse of duration equal to one cycle of the ADC sampling rate in “continuous mode”. See also Figure 17, page 33. 2.1.1 POR Waveforms At device power-on or after a software reset I2C com STARTUP SEQUENCE RC enabling tPOR tRCEN Self calibration RC disabling WAKE-UP SEQUENCE RC enabling tRCEN RC stop Figure 1. Power-On-Reset waveform N ot R POR SLEEP Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 9 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 2.1.2 I2C interface timings Table 6. Digital interface STANDARD-MODE Parameter FAST-MODE Symbol Unit Min Typ Max Min Typ Max I2C TIMING SPECIFICATIONS Note 1 fSCL 0 tSCLTO 35 SCL Low Pulsewidth tL 4.7 SCL High Pulsewidth tH 4.0 Start Condition Hold Time Data Setup Time Data Hold Time Setup Time for Repeated Start 0 400 kHz 35 ms 1.3 μs 0.6 μs tSCH 0.6 0.6 μs tDS 250 100 Note 3 ns tDH 0 Note 4 tRSU 4.7 0.6 μs ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d SCL timeout ( optional mode ) Note 2 100 fo r SCL clock frequency 3.45 0 0.9 μs tPSU 4.0 0.6 μs Bus Free Time between a STOP Condition and a START Condition tBF 4.7 1.3 μs Pulsewidth of Spike Suppressed tSUP Capacitive load for each bus line CB Noise margin at the LOW level for each connected device (including hysteresis) VnL 0.1VBATT 0.1VBATT V Noise margin at the HIGH level for each connected device (including hysteresis) VnH 0.2VBATT 0.2VBATT V (5) ns 400 pF All timings specifications are referred to VILmin and VIHmax voltage levels defined for the SCL and SDA pins. The digital interface is reset if the SCL is low more than tSCLTO duration. This is the default mode at startup. The timeout can be disabled by register setting. A Fast-mode I2C-bus device can be used in a Standard-mode I2C-bus system. The device internally provides a hold time of at least 300 ns for the SDA signal (referred to the VIHmin of the SCL signal) to bridge the undefined region of the falling edge of SCL. Cb = total capacitance of one bus line in pF. If mixed with Hs-mode devices, faster fall-times according to Table 6 are allowed. ot (3) (4) 400 100 N (1) (2) 100 R Stop Condition Setup Time Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 10 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 2.1.3 I2C timing Waveforms tPSU tSCH SCL tDS tH tDH 1 2-7 tDS tDH tRSU 8 9 LSB ACK tR tF 1 tL SDA MSB MSB tR tF ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d tSUP fo r tBF Stop Start RepStart N ot R Figure 2. Definition of timing for F/S-mode on the I2C-bus. Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 11 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION SCL SDA 15 14 13 1 12 fo r VPUMP 16 D0 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d AC3 AC2 3 Pin Configuration 2 AC4 4 AC5 5 6 7 8 READY 3 VSS AC7 SX8724C (Top view) VBATT AC6 11 D2 10 D3 9 D1 N ot R 4 Marking Information nnnnn yyww xxxxx xxxxx 8724C YYWW XXXXX XXXXX = Part Number = Date Code1 = Semtech Lot Number 1.Date codes and Lot numbers starting with the ‘E’ character are used for Engineering samples Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 12 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 5 Pin Description Note Pin Name Type Function 1 AC3 Analog Input Differential sensor input in conjunction with AC2 2 AC6 Analog Input Differential sensor input in conjunction with AC7 3 AC7 4 AC4 5 AC5 6 VBATT ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d fo r The bottom pin is internally connected to VSS. It should also be connected to VSS on PCB to reduce noise and improve thermal behavior. 7 VSS 8 READY Analog Input Differential sensor input in conjunction with AC6 Analog Input Differential sensor input in conjunction with AC5 Analog Input Differential sensor input in conjunction with AC4 Power Input 2.4V to 5.5V power supply Power Input Chip ground Digital Output Conversion complete flag. Digital output sensor drive (VBATT or VSS) 9 D1 10 D3 11 D2 Digital IO + analog input VREF input in optional operating mode Digital IO Digital output sensor drive (VBATT or VSS) Digital IO Digital output sensor drive (VBATT or VSS) I2C address bit 1. Msb address bits are fuse programmed. Digital output sensor drive (VBATT or VSS) 12 D0 Digital IO + analog output VREF output in optional operating mode I2C address bit 0. MSB address bits are fuse programmed. SDA 14 SCL 15 VPUMP 16 AC2 I2C data line Digital IO I2C clock line. Up to 400 kHz. Power IO Charge pump output. Raises analog switch supply above VBATT if VBATT supply is too low. Recommended range for capacitor is 1nF to 10 nF. Connect the capacitor to ground. Analog Input Differential sensor input in conjunction with AC3 ot N Revision 1.01 © Semtech Digital IO R 13 January 2011 Page 13 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 6 General Description The SX8724C is a complete low-power acquisition path with programmable gain, acquisition speed and resolution. 6.1 Bloc diagram SX8724C + + - - ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d VREF ZoomingADC REF MUX + fo r VBATT TM SIGNAL MUX AC0 AC1 AC2 AC3 AC4 AC5 AC6 AC7 PGA ADC READY CONTROL LOGIC D0 D1 GPIO D2 4MHz OSC I2C SCL SDA VPUMP VSS Figure 3. SX8724C bloc diagram N 6.2 VREF ot R D3 CHARGE PUMP The internally generated VREF is a trimmed bandgap reference with a nominal value of 1.22V that provides a stable voltage reference for the ZoomingADC. This reference voltage is directly connected to one of the ZoomingADC reference multiplexer inputs. The bandgap voltage stability is only guaranteed for VBATT voltages of 3V and above. As VBATT drops down to 2.4V, the bandgap voltage could reduce by up to 50mV. The bandgap has relatively weak output drive so it is recommended that if the bandgap is required as a signal input then PGA1 must be enabled with gain = 1. 6.3 GPIO The GPIO block is a multipurpose 4 bit input/output port. In addition to digital behavior, D0 and D1 pins can be programmed as analog pins in order to be used as output (reference voltage monitoring) and input for an external Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 14 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET reference voltage (For further details see Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9). Each port terminal can be individually selected as digital input or output. RegOut[4] RegOut[0] 0 D0/VREFOUT 1 RegMode[1] V BG 1.22V 0 VREF 1 ZoomingADC ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Internal + Bandgap reference - fo r RegIn[0] RegMode [0] RegOut[5] RegOut [1] 1 D1/VREFIN 0 RegIn [1] Figure 4. GPIO bloc diagram RegOut [6] RegOut [2] D2 R RegIn [2] ot RegOut [7] RegOut [3] N D3 RegIn [3] Figure 5. Digital IO bloc diagram The direction of each bit within the GPIO block (input only or input/output) can be individually set using the bits of the RegOut (address 0x40) register. If D[x]Dir = 1, both the input and output buffer are active on the corresponding GPIO block pin. If D[x]Dir= 0, the corresponding GPIO block pin is an input only and the output buffer is in high impedance. After power on reset the GPIO block pins are in input/output mode (D[x]Dir are reset to 1). The input values of GPIO block are available in RegIn (address 0x41) register (read only). Reading is always direct - there is no debounce function in the GPIO block. In case of possible noise on input signals, an external hardware filter has to be realized. The input buffer is also active when the GPIO block is defined as output and the effective value on the pin can be read back. Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 15 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET Data stored in the LSB bits of RegOut register are outputted at GPIO block if D[x]Dir= 1. The default values after power on reset is low (0). The digital pins are able to deliver a driving current up to 8 mA. When the bits VrefD0Out and VrefD1In in the RegMode (address 0x70) register are set to 1 the D0 and D1 pins digital behavior are automatically bypassed in order to either input or output the voltage reference signals. fo r 6.3.1 Optional Operating Mode: External Vref ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d D0 and D1 are multi-functional pins with the following functions in different operating modes (see RegMode register for control settings): 0 D0/VREFOUT 0 GPIO D0/VREFOUT 1 RegMode[1] = 0 Internal + Bandgap reference - VBG RegMode[1] = 0 0 VREF 1 Internal + Bandgap reference - ZoomingADC RegMode[0] = 0 1 D1/VREFIN GPIO 0 D1/VREFIN R Figure 6. D0 and D1 are Digital Inputs / Outputs 0 D0/VREFOUT RegMode[1] = 1 VBG VREF 1 Internal + Bandgap reference - ZoomingADC RegMode[0] = 0 0 RegMode[0] = 1 1 GPIO 0 GPIO 0 VREF 1 ZoomingADC RegMode[0] = 1 1 D1/VREFIN ZoomingADC 1 RegMode[1] = 1 0 VREF 1 0 GPIO VBG N Internal + Bandgap reference - 0 Figure 7. D1 is Reference Voltage Input and D0 is Digital Input / Output 1 ot D0/VREFOUT GPIO 1 1 GPIO D1/VREFIN Figure 8. D1 is Digital Input / Output and D0 Reference Voltage Output 0 GPIO Figure 9. D0 is Reference Voltage Output and D1 is Reference Voltage Input This allows external monitoring of the internal bandgap reference or the ability to use an external reference input for the ADC, or the option to filter the internal VREF output before feeding back as VREF,ADC input. The internally generated VREF is a trimmed as ADC reference with a nominal value of 1.22V. When using an external VREF,ADC input, it may have any value between 0V and VBATT. Simply substitute the external value for 1.22 V in the ADC conversion calculations. Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 16 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 6.4 Charge Pump This block generates a supply voltage able to power the analog switch drive levels on the chip higher than VBATT if necessary. If VBATT voltage drops below 4.2V then the block should be activated. If VBATT voltage is greater than 4.2V then VBATT may be switched straight through to the VPUMP output. If the charge pump is not activated then VPUMP = VBATT. fo r If control input bit MultForceOff = 1 in RegMode (address 0x70) register then the charge pump is disabled and VBATT is permanently connected to VPUMP output. ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d If control input bit MultForceOn = 1 in RegMode register then the charge pump is permanently enabled. This overrides MultForceOff bit in RegMode register. An external capacitor is required on VPUMP pin. This capacitor should be large enough to ensure that generated voltage is smooth enough to avoid affecting conversion accuracy but not so large that it gives an unacceptable settling time. A recommended value is around 2.2nF. 6.5 RC Oscillator This block provides the master clock reference for the chip. It produces a clock at 4 MHz which is divided internally in order to generate the clock sources needed by the other blocks. The oscillator technique is a low power relaxation design and it is designed to vary as little as possible over temperature and supply voltage. This oscillator is trimmed at manufacture chip test. R The RC oscillator will start up after a chip reset to allow the trimming values to be read and calibration registers and I2C address set to their default fused values. Once this has been done, the oscillator will be shut down and the chip will enter a sleep state while waiting for an I2C communication. ot The worst case duration from reset ( or POR ) to the sleep state is 800us. 6.5.1 Wake-up from sleep N When the device is in sleep state, the RC oscillator will start up after a communication. The start up sequence for the RC oscillator is 450us in worst case. During this time, the internal blocs using the RC can not be used: no ADC conversion can be started. Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 17 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 7 ZoomingADC 7.1 Overview The ZoomingADC is a complete and versatile low-power analog front-end interface typically intended for sensing applications. In the following text the ZoomingADC will be referred as ZADC. ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d fo r The key features of the ZADC are: Programmable 6 to 16-bit dynamic range over-sampled ADC Flexible gain programming between 1/12 and 1000 Flexible and large range offset compensation Differential or single-ended input 2-channel differential reference inputs Power saving modes AMUX Analog Inputs Reference Inputs VSS VREF AC2 AC3 AC4 AC5 AC6 AC7 VIN VD1 ±Vin S PGA1 VD2 VIN,ADC ±Vin ±Vin ±Vin ±Voff PGA2 ±Voff PGA3 ±Vref ADC VREF,ADC VBATT VSS VREF VSS VMUX ot R ANALOG ZOOM Figure 10. ZADC General Functional Block Diagram N The total acquisition chain consists of an input multiplexer, 3 programmable gain amplifier stages and an over sampled A/D converter. The reference voltage can be selected on two different channels. Two offset compensation amplifiers allow for a wide offset compensation range. The programmable gain and offset allow the application to zoom in on a small portion of the reference voltage defined input range. 7.1.1 Acquisition Chain Figure 10, page 18 shows the general block diagram of the acquisition chain (AC). A control block (not shown in Figure 10) manages all communications with the I2C peripheral. The clocking is derived from the internal 4 MHz Oscillator. Analog inputs can be selected through an 8 input multiplexer, while reference input is selected between two differential channels. It should however be noted that only 7 acquisition channels (including the VREF) are available when configured as single ended since the input amplifier is always operating in differential mode with both positive and negative input selected through the multiplexer. Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 18 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET The core of the zooming section is made of three differential programmable amplifiers (PGA). After selection of an input and reference signals VIN and VREF,ADC combination, the input voltage is modulated and amplified through stages 1 to 3. Fine gain programming up to 1'000 V/V is possible. In addition, the last two stages provide programmable offset. Each amplifier can be bypassed if needed. The output of the cascade of PGA is directly fed to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which converts the signal VIN,ADC into digital. ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d fo r Like most ADCs intended for instrumentation or sensing applications, the ZoomingADCTM is an over-sampled converter 1. The ADC is a so-called incremental converter; with bipolar operation (the ADC accepts both positive and negative differential input voltages). In first approximation, the ADC output result relative to full-scale (FS) delivers the quantity: OUTADC VIN , ADC ≅ FS / 2 VREF / 2 Equation 1 in two's complement (see Equation 18 and Equation 19, page 33 for details). The output code OUTADC is -FS / 2 to + FS / 2 for VIN,ADC = -VREF,ADC / 2 to + VREF,ADC / 2 respectively. As will be shown, VIN,ADC is related to input voltage VIN by the relationship: VIN , ADC = GDTOT ⋅VIN − GDoffTOT ⋅ S ⋅VREF [V ] Equation 2 R where GDTOT is the total PGA gain, GDOFFTOT is the total magnitude of PGA offset and S is the sign of the offset (see Table 9, page 21). ot 7.1.2 Programmable Gain Amplifiers N As seen in Figure 10, page 18, the zooming function is implemented with three programmable gain amplifiers (PGA). These are: PGA1: coarse gain tuning PGA2: medium gain and offset tuning PGA3: fine gain and offset tuning. Should be set ON for high linearity data acquisition All gain and offset settings are realized with ratios of capacitors. The user has control over each PGA activation and gain, as well as the offset of stages 2 and 3. These functions are examined hereafter. 1. Over-sampled converters are operated with a sampling frequency fS much higher than the input signal's Nyquist rate (typically fS is 201'000 times the input signal bandwidth). The sampling frequency to throughput ratio is large (typically 10-500). These converters include digital decimation filtering. They are mainly used for high resolution, and/or low-to-medium speed applications. Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 19 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 7.1.3 PGA & ADC Enabling Depending on the application objectives, the user may enable or bypass each PGA stage. This is done according to the word Enable and the coding given in Table 7. To reduce power dissipation, the ADC can also be inactivated while idle. Table 7. ADC and PGA Enabling Block XXX0 XXX1 ADC disabled ADC enabled XX0X XX1X PGA1 disabled PGA1 enabled X0XX X1XX PGA2 disabled PGA2 enabled 0XXX 1XXX PGA3 disabled PGA3 enabled ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d fo r Enable (RegACCfg1[3:0]) 7.2 ZoomingADC Registers The system has a bank of eight 8-bit registers: six registers are used to configure the acquisition chain (RegAcCfg0 to RegAcCfg5), and two registers are used to store the output code of the analog-to-digital conversion (RegAcOutMsb & Lsb). Table 8. Periferal Registers to Configure the Acquisition Chain (AC) and to Store the Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) Result Bit position Register Name 7 6 4 3 2 1 0 Out[7:0] Note 1 RegACOutMsb Start 0, Note 2 N ot RegACCfg0 Default values: R RegACOutLsb RegACCfg1 Default value: 5 RegACCfg2 Default value: Out[15:8] SetNelconv 01, Note 3 SetOsr 010, Note 4 Continuous 0, Note 5 IbAmpAdc 11, Note 7 IbAmpPga 11, Note 8 Enable 0000, Note 9 SetFs 00, Note 10 Pga2Gain 00, Note 12 Pga2Offset 0000, Note 14 RegACCfg3 Default value: Pga1Gain 0, Note 11 Pga3Gain 0001100, Note 13 RegACCfg4 Default value: 0 Pga3Offset 0000000, Note 15 RegACCfg5 Default value: Busy 0, Note 16 Def 0, Note 17 Amux 00000, Note 18 0, Note 6 Vmux 0, Note 19 (r = read; w = write; rw = read & write) (1) (2) Out: (r) digital output code of the analog-to-digital converter. (MSB = Out[15]) Start: (w) setting this bit triggers a single conversion (after the current one is finished). This bit always reads back 0. Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 20 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET SetNelconv: (rw) sets the number of elementary conversions to 2(SetNelconv[1:0]). To compensate for offsets, the input signal is chopped between elementary conversions (1,2,4,8). (4) (5) SetOsr: (rw) sets the over-sampling rate (OSR) of an elementary conversion to 2(3+SetOsr[2:0]). OSR = 8, 16, 32, ..., 512, 1024. Continuous: (rw) setting this bit starts a conversion. When this bis is 1, A new conversion will automatically begin directly when the previous one is finished. Reserved IbAmpAdc: (rw) sets the bias current in the ADC to 0.25 x (1+ IbAmpAdc[1:0]) of the normal operation current (25, 50, 75 or 100% of nominal current). To be used for low-power, low-speed operation. IbAmpPga: (rw) sets the bias current in the PGAs to 0.25 x (1+IbAmpPga[1:0]) of the normal operation current (25, 50, 75 or 100% of nominal current). To be used for low-power, low-speed operation. Enable: (rw) enables the ADC modulator (bit 0) and the different stages of the PGAs (PGAi by bit i=1,2,3). PGA stages that are disabled are bypassed. SetFs: (rw) These bits set the over sampling frequency of the acquisition chain. Expressed as a fraction of the oscillator frequency, the sampling frequency is given as: 11 ' 500 kHz, 10 ' 250 kHz, 01 ' 125 kHz, 00 ' 62.5 kHz. Pga1Gain: (rw) sets the gain of the first stage: 0 ' 1, 1 ' 10. Pga2Gain: (rw) sets the gain of the second stage: 00 ' 1, 01 ' 2, 10 ' 5, 11 ' 10. Pga3Gain: (rw) sets the gain of the third stage to Pga3Gain[6:0] 1/12. Pga2Offset: (rw) sets the offset of the second stage between -1 and +1, with increments of 0.2. The MSB gives the sign (0 positive, 1 negative); amplitude is coded with the bits Pga2Offset[5:0]. Pga3Offset: (rw) sets the offset of the third stage between -5.25 and +5.25, with increments of 1/12. The MSB gives the sign (0 positive, 1 negative); amplitude is coded with the bits Pga3Offset[5:0]. Busy: (r) set to 1 if a conversion is running. Def: (w) sets all values to their defaults (PGA disabled, max speed, nominal modulator bias current, 2 elementary conversions, over-sampling rate of 32) and starts a new conversion without waiting the end of the preceding one. Amux(4:0): (rw) Amux[4] sets the mode (0 ' differential inputs, 1 ' single ended inputs with A0= common reference) Amux[3] sets the sign (0 ' straight, 1' cross) Amux[2:0] sets the channel. Vmux: (rw) sets the differential reference channel (0 ' VBATT, 1 ' VREF). (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d (6) (7) fo r (3) 7.3 Input Multiplexers (AMUX and VMUX) VIN = VINP −VINN N ot R The ZoomingADC has analog inputs AC0 to AC7 and reference inputs. Let us first define the differential input voltage VIN and reference voltage VREF,ADC respectively as: [V ] Equation 3 VREF = VREFP − VREFN [V ] Equation 4 As shown in Table 9, the inputs can be configured in two ways: either as 4 differential channels (VIN1= AC1 - AC0,... , VIN4 = AC7 - AC6), or AC0 can be used as a common reference, providing 7 signal paths all referred to AC0. The control word for the analog input selection is Amux. Notice that the Amux bit 4 controls the sign of the input voltage. Table 9. Analog Input Selection Amux (RegACCfg5[5:1]) VINP Amux (RegACCfg5[5:1]) VINN Sign S = 1 00x00 Revision 1.01 © Semtech VINP VINN AC1(VSS) AC0(VREF) Sign S = -1 AC1(VREF) January 2011 AC0(VSS) 01x00 Page 21 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET Table 9. Analog Input Selection Amux (RegACCfg5[5:1]) Amux (RegACCfg5[5:1]) VINN VINP Sign S = 1 VINP VINN Sign S = -1 AC3 AC2 01x01 AC2 AC3 00x10 AC5 AC4 01x10 AC4 AC5 00x11 AC7 AC6 01x11 AC6 AC7 10000 AC0(VSS) 11000 10001 AC1(VREF) 11001 10010 AC2 11010 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d AC3 10011 10100 10101 10110 10111 fo r 00x01 11011 AC0(VSS) AC0(VSS) AC0(VSS) AC1(VREF) AC2 AC3 AC4 11100 AC4 AC5 11101 AC5 AC6 11110 AC6 AC7 11111 AC7 Similarly, the reference voltage is chosen among two differential channels (VREF = VBATT-VSS, VREF = VBG-VSS or VREF = VREF,IN-VSS) as shown in Table 10. The selection bit is Vmux. The reference inputs VREFP and VREFN (common-mode) can be up to the power supply range. Table 10. Analog reference Input Selection VREFP VREFN 0 VREF = VBATT VSS 1 VREF = VBG or VREF,IN1 VSS R Vmux (RegACCfg5[0]) External voltage reference on D1 GPIO pin. See section 6.3 on page 14 about GPIO and “RegMode[0x70]” on page 46. ot 1. 7.4 First Stage Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA1) N The first stage can have a buffer function (unity gain) or provide a gain of 10 (see Table 11). The voltage VD1 at the output of PGA1 is: VD1 = GD1 ⋅ VIN [V ] Equation 5 where GD1 is the gain of PGA1 (in V/V) controlled with the Pga1Gain bit. Table 11. PGA1 gain settings Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Pga1Gain bit (RegACCfg3[7]) PGA1 gain [V/V] GD1 [V/V] 0 1 1 10 Page 22 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 7.5 Second Stage Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA2) The second PGA has a finer gain and offset tuning capability, as shown in Table 12. The VD2 voltage at the output of PGA2 is given by: VD 2 = GD2 ⋅ VD1 − GDoff 2 ⋅ S ⋅ VREF fo r Equation 6 [V ] where GD2 and GDOFF2 are respectively the gain and offset of PGA2 (in V/V). These are controlled with the words Pga2Gain[1:0] and Pga2Offset[3:0]. ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Table 12. PGA2 gain and offset settings PGA2 gain [V/V] GD2 [V/V] Pga2Offset bitfield (RegACCfg2[3:0]) PGA2 offset GDOFF2 [V/V] 00 1 0000 0 01 2 0001 +0.2 10 5 0010 +0.4 11 10 0011 +0.6 0100 +0.8 0101 +1 1000 0 1001 -0.2 1010 -0.4 1011 -0.6 1100 -0.8 1101 -1.0 R Pga2Gain bitfield (RegACCfg2[5:4]) ot 7.6 Third Stage Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA3) N The finest gain and offset tuning is performed with the third and last PGA stage, according to the coding of Table 13. Revision 1.01 © Semtech Table 13. PGA3 Gain and Offset Settings Pga3Gain bitfield (RegACCfg3[6:0]) PGA3 Gain GD3 [V/V] Pga3Offset bitfield (RegACCfg4[6:0]) PGA3 Offset GDOFF3 [V/V] 0000000 0 0000000 0 0000001 1/12 (=0.083) 0000001 +1/12 (=0.083) ... ... ... 0000110 6/12 0010000 +16/12 ... ... ... ... 0001100 12/12 0100000 32/12 0010000 16/12 ... ... ... ... 0111111 +63/12 (=+5.25) 0100000 32/12 1000000 0 January 2011 Page 23 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET Table 13. PGA3 Gain and Offset Settings PGA3 Gain GD3 [V/V] Pga3Offset bitfield (RegACCfg4[6:0]) PGA3 Offset GDOFF3 [V/V] ... ... 1000001 -1/12 (=-0.083) 1000000 64/12 1000010 -2/12 ... ... ... ... 1111111 127/12 (=10.58) 1010000 -16/12 ... 1100000 ... fo r Pga3Gain bitfield (RegACCfg3[6:0]) ... -32/12 ... -63/12 (=-5.25) ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d 1111111 The output of PGA3 is also the input of the ADC. Thus, similarly to PGA2, we find that the voltage entering the ADC is given by: VIN , ADC = GD3 ⋅ VD 2 − GDoff 3 ⋅ S ⋅ VREF [V ] Equation 7 where GD3 and GDOFF3 are respectively the gain and offset of PGA3 (in V/V). The control words are Pga3Gain[6:0] and Pga3Offset[6:0]. ot R To remain within the signal compliance of the PGA stages (no saturation), the condition: VIN , VD1 , VD 2 < VBATT 2 Equation 8 N must be verified. To remain within the signal compliance of the ADC (no saturation), the condition: ⎛ V ⎞⎛ OSR − 1 ⎞ VIN , ADC < ⎜ REF ⎟⎜ ⎟ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ OSR ⎠ Equation 9 must be verified. Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 24 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET Finally, combining Equation 5 to Equation 7 for the three PGA stages, the input voltage VIN,ADC of the ADC is related to VIN by: VIN , ADC = GDTOT ⋅ VIN − GDoff TOT ⋅ S ⋅ VREF [V ] where the total PGA gain is defined as: ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d GDTOT = GD3 ⋅ GD2 ⋅ GD1 fo r Equation 10 Equation 11 and the total PGA offset is: GDoffTOT = GDoff 3 + GD3 ⋅ GDoff 2 Equation 12 7.6.1 PGA Ranges N ot R Figure 11 and Figure 12 illustrates the limits for the maximal conversion precision according to the common mode voltage (VCOMMON), the ADC over-sampling frequency (fs) and PGA gains. The best linearity performances can be Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 25 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET obtained only below these limits, as depicted in Figure 11 if the supply voltage (VBATT ) is below 4.2V and as depicted in Figure 12 if the supply voltage (VBATT ) is above 4.2V. Max gain on first active PGA 10.0 5.0 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d fo r fs 62.5 or 125kHz fs 250kHz 2.5 fs 500kHz Vcommon VBATT-1.8V VBATT-1.2V VBATT-0.8V VBATT N ot R Figure 11. Common mode input range on PGA for VBATT below 4.2V Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 26 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET Max gain First active PGA 10.0 5.0 2.5 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d fo r fs = 62.5, 125kHz or 250kHz fs frequency 500kHz Vcommon VBATT-2.2V VBATT VBATT-1.2V VBATT-0.8V Figure 12. Common mode input range on PGA for VBATT above 4.2V R Max VCOMMON for gain 10 on first active PGA 5.5 V N ot 5.0 V fs 250 kHz 4.0 V 3.3 V 3.0 V fs 62.5 or 125kHz 2.4V 2.0 V fs 500 kHz 1.0 V VBATT 2.4 V 4.2 V 5.5 V Figure 13. Common mode input range on PGA vs VBATT Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 27 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 7.7 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) The main performance characteristics of the ADC (resolution, conversion time, etc.) are determined by three programmable parameters. The setting of these parameters and the resulting performances are described later. Over-sampling frequency Over-Sampling Ratio Number of Elementary Conversions fo r fs : OSR : NELCONV : 7.7.1 Conversion Sequence ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d A conversion is started each time the bit Start or the Def bit is set. As depicted in Figure 14, a complete analog-todigital conversion sequence is made of a set of NELCONV elementary incremental conversions and a final quantization step. Each elementary conversion is made of (OSR+1) over-sampling periods Ts=1/fs, i.e.: TELCONV = (OSR + 1) / f S [s] Equation 13 The result is the mean of the elementary conversion results. An important feature is that the elementary conversions are alternatively performed with the offset of the internal amplifiers contributing in one direction and the other to the output code. Thus, converter internal offset is eliminated if at least two elementary sequences are performed (i.e. if NELCONV >= 2). A few additional clock cycles are also required to initiate and end the conversion properly. 1 + N ot Conversion index Offset Elementary Conversion R Init Note Revision 1.01 © Semtech Elementary Conversion Elementary Conversion Elementary Conversion 2 - NELCONV-1 + NELCONV - TCONV End Conversion Result Figure 14. Analog-to-Digital Conversion Sequence The internal bandgap reference state may be forced High or Low, or may be set to toggle during conversion at either the same rate or half the rate of the Elementary Conversion. This may be useful to help eliminate bandgap related internal offset voltage and 1/fs noise. January 2011 Page 28 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 7.7.2 Over-Sampling Frequency (fs) The word SetFs[1:0] (see Table 14) is used to select the over-sampling frequency fs. The over-sampling frequency is derived from the 4MHz oscillator clock. Table 14. Sampling frequency settings Over-Sampling Frequency fs [Hz] 00 62.5 kHz 01 125 kHz 10 250 kHz 11 500 kHz ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d fo r SetFs bitfield (RegACCfg2[7:6]) 7.7.3 Over-Sampling Ratio (OSR) The over-sampling ratio (OSR) defines the number of integration cycles per elementary conversion. Its value is set with the word SetOsr[2:0] in power of 2 steps (see Table 15) given by: OSR = 2 3+SetOsr[2:0] [−] Equation 14 N ot R Table 15. Over-sampling ratio settings SetOsr[2:0] (RegACCfg[4:2]) Over-Sampling Ratio OSR [-] 000 8 001 16 010 32 011 64 100 128 101 256 110 512 111 1024 7.7.4 Number of Elementary Conversions (Nelconv) As mentioned previously, the whole conversion sequence is made of a set of NELCONV elementary incremental conversions. This number is set with the word SetNelconv[1:0] in power of 2 steps (see Table 16) given by: N ELCONV = 2 SetNelconv [1:0] [−] Equation 15 Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 29 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET Table 16. Number of elementary conversion # of Elementary Conversion NELCONV [-] 00 1 01 2 10 4 11 8 fo r SetOsr[2:0] (RegACCfg[4:2]) 7.7.5 Resolution ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d As already mentioned, NELCONV must be equal or greater than 2 to reduce internal amplifier offsets. The theoretical resolution of the ADC, without considering thermal noise, is given by: n = 2 ⋅ log2 (OSR) + log2 ( N ELCONV ) [bit] Equation 16 6.0 11 10 01 00 R Resolution - n[bits] 14.0 N 16.0 12.0 ot 10.0 8.0 SetNelconv[1:0] 4.0 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 SetOsr[2:0] Figure 15. Resolution vs. SetOsr[2:0] and SetNelconv[2:0] Using look-up Table 17 or the graph plotted in Figure 15, resolution can be set between 6 and 16 bits. Notice that, because of 16-bit register use for the ADC output, practical resolution is limited to 16 bits, i.e. n = 16. Even if the Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 30 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET resolution is truncated to 16 bit by the output register size, it may make sense to set OSR and NELCONV to higher values in order to reduce the influence of the thermal noise in the PGA . Table 17. Resolution1 vs. SetOsr and SetNelconv settings SetNelconv control bits ‘00‘ ‘01‘ ‘10‘ ‘11’ ‘000‘ 6 7 8 9 ‘001‘ 8 9 10 ‘010‘ 10 11 12 ‘011‘ 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 ‘101‘ ‘110‘ ‘111‘ 1. 11 13 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d ‘100‘ fo r SetOsr control bits In shaded area, the resolution is truncated to 16 bits due to output register size RegACOut[15:0] 7.7.6 Conversion Time & Throughput As explained in Figure 15, conversion time is given by: R TCONV = ( NELCONV ⋅ (OSR+1) +1) / f S [s] Equation 17 N ot and throughput is then simply 1/TCONV. For example, consider an over-sampling ratio of 256, 2 elementary conversions, and a sampling frequency of 500 kHz (SetOsr = "101", SetNelconv = "01" and SetFs = "00"). In this case, using Table 18, the conversion time is 515 sampling periods, or 1.03ms. This corresponds to a throughput of 971Hz in continuous-time mode. The plot of Figure 16 illustrates the classic trade-off between resolution and conversion time. Table 18. Normalized conversion time (Tconv x fs) vs. SetOsr and SetNelconv settings1 SetOsr bits OSR ‘00‘ 1 ‘01‘ 2 ‘10‘ 4 ‘11‘ 8 10 19 37 73 ‘001‘ 18 35 69 137 ‘010‘ 34 67 133 265 ‘011‘ 66 131 261 521 ‘000‘ Revision 1.01 © Semtech SetNelconv control bits NELCONV January 2011 Page 31 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET Table 18. Normalized conversion time (Tconv x fs) vs. SetOsr and SetNelconv settings1 SetNelconv control bits NELCONV SetOsr bits OSR ‘10‘ 4 ‘11‘ 8 ‘100‘ 130 259 517 1033 ‘101‘ 258 515 1029 2057 ‘110‘ 514 1027 2053 4105 ‘111‘ 1026 2051 4101 8201 fo r ‘01‘ 2 Normalized to sampling period 1/fs ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d 1. ‘00‘ 1 Resolution - n[bits] 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 11 8.0 6.0 10 01 00 R 4.0 10 100 1000 10000 ot Normalized Conversion Time – Tconv / fs [-] 1. N Figure 16. Resolution vs. normalized1 conversion time for different SetNelconv[1:0] Normalized Conversion Time - TCONV/fs 7.7.7 Continuous-Time vs. On-Request Conversion The ADC can be operated in two distinct modes: "continuous-time" and "on-request" modes (selected using the bit Continuous). Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 32 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET In "continuous-time" mode, the input signal is repeatedly converted into digital. After a conversion is finished, a new one is automatically initiated. The new value is then written in the result register, and the corresponding internal trigger pulse is generated. This operation is sketched in Figure 17. The conversion time in this case is defined as TCONV. Tconv Internal trig fo r Output code RegACOut[15:0] Busy 1/fs Ready ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Figure 17. ADC “Continuous-Time” Operation In the "on-request" mode, the internal behavior of the converter is the same as in the "continuous-time" mode, but the conversion is initiated on user request (with the Start bit). As shown in Figure 18, the conversion time is also TCONV. Tconv Internal trig START Request Output code RegACOut[15:0] Busy Ready Figure 18. ADC “On-Request” Operation R 7.7.8 Output Code Format N ot The ADC output code is a 16-bit word in two's complement format (see Table 19). For input voltages outside the range, the output code is saturated to the closest full-scale value (i.e. 0x7FFF or 0x8000). For resolutions smaller than 16 bits, the non-significant bits are forced to the values shown in Table 20. The output code, expressed in LSBs, corresponds to: OUT ADC = 2 16 ⋅ V IN , ADC V REF ⋅ OSR + 1 OSR Equation 18 Recalling Equation 10, page 25, this can be rewritten as: OUTADC = 216 ⋅ VIN VREF ⎛ V ⋅ ⎜⎜ GDTOT − GDoff TOT ⋅ S ⋅ REF VIN ⎝ ⎞ OSR + 1 ⎟⎟ ⋅ [ LSB ] ⎠ OSR Equation 19 Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 33 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET where, from Equation 11 and Equation 12, the total PGA gain and offset are respectively: GDTOT = GD3 ⋅ GD2 ⋅ GD1 Equation 20 fo r and: ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d GDoffTOT = GDoff 3 + GD3 ⋅ GDoff 2 Equation 21 Table 19. Basic ADC Relationships (example for: VREF = 5V, OSR = 512, n = 16bits) ADC Input Voltage VIN,ADC % of Full Scale (FS) Output in LSBs Hexadecimal Output Code +2.49505 V +0.5 x FS +215-1 = 32’767 7FFF +2.49497 V ... +215-2 = 32’766 7FFE ... ... ... ... +76.145 μV ... 0 0 -76.145 μV ... ... ... ... 0000 -1 FFFF ... ... -0.5 x FS -2 -1 = -32’767 8001 -215 = -32’768 8000 ot -2.49513 V 0001 0 15 R -2.49505 V +1 N Table 20. Last forced LSBs in conversion output register for resolution settings smaller than 16bits1 SetOsr[2:0] 1. SetNelconv = ‘00’ SetNelconv = ‘01’ SetNelconv = ‘10’ SetNelconv = ‘11’ ‘000’ 1000000000 100000000 10000000 1000000 ‘001’ 10000000 1000000 100000 10000 ‘010’ 100000 10000 1000 100 ‘011’ 1000 100 10 1 ‘100’ 10 1 - - ‘101’ - - - - ‘110’ - - - - ‘111’ - - - - (n<16) (RegACOutMsb[7:0] & RegACOutLsb[7:0]) Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 34 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET The equivalent LSB size at the input of the PGA chain is: LSB = 1 V REF OSR [V / V ] ⋅ ⋅ n 2 GDTOT OSR + 1 Notice that the input voltage VIN,ADC of the ADC must satisfy the condition: OSR 1 ⋅ (VREFP − VREFN ) ⋅ 2 OSR + 1 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d VIN , ADC ≤ fo r Equation 22 Equation 23 to remain within the ADC input range. 7.7.9 Power Saving Modes During low-speed operation, the bias current in the PGAs and ADC can be programmed to save power using the control words IbAmpPga[1:0] and IbAmpAdc[1:0] (see Table 21). If the system is idle, the PGAs and ADC can even be disabled, thus, reducing power consumption to its minimum. This can considerably improve battery lifetime. Table 21. ADC & PGA power saving modes and maximum sampling frequency IbAmpAdc [1:0] ADC Bias Current PGA Bias Current 1/4 x IADC 1/2 x IADC IADC 00 01 11 1/4 x IPGA 1/2 x IPGA IPGA Max. fs [kHz] 125 250 500 125 250 500 N ot R 00 01 11 IbAmpPga [1:0] Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 35 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 8 Application hints 8.1 Power Reduction The ZoomingADC is particularly well suited for low-power applications. When very low power consumption is of primary concern, such as in battery operated systems, several parameters can be used to reduce power consumption as follows: ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d fo r Operate the acquisition chain with a reduced supply voltage VBATT. Disable the PGAs which are not used during analog-to-digital conversion with Enable[3:0]. Disable all PGAs and the ADC when the system is idle and no conversion is performed. Use lower bias currents in the PGAs and the ADC using the control words IbAmpPga[1:0] and IbAmpAdc[1:0]. Reduce sampling frequency. N ot R Finally, remember that power reduction is typically traded off with reduced linearity, larger noise and slower maximum sampling speed. Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 36 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 8.2 Gain Configuration Flow The diagram below shows the flow to set the gain of your configuration: fo r Set gain Yes No Gain < 100 ? No Enable PGA1,2&3 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Gain < 10 ? Yes Enable PGA2&3 Set PGA 1 gain Set PGA 3 gain Set PGA 2 gain Set PGA 2 gain Set PGA 3 gain Set PGA 3 gain GAIN = PGA2 x PGA3 GAIN = PGA1 x PGA2 x PGA3 N ot R Enable PGA3 GAIN = PGA3 End Figure 19. Gain configuration flowchart Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 37 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 9 I2C Interface The I2C interface gives access to the chip registers. It complies with the I2C protocol specifications, restricted to the slave side of the communication. The device uses a Generic Fast-Mode (400 KHz) I2C Slave Interface in accordance with the I2C bus standard. Its characteristics can be summarized as follows: fo r 9.1 General Features ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Slave only operation Fast mode operation (up to 400 kHz) Combined read and write mode support General call reset support 7-bits default slave address 0x48. Can be changed by fuse and by pinout (D0 and D1). The interface handles I2C communication at the transaction level. A read transaction is an external request to get the content of system memory location and a write transaction is an external request to write the content of a system memory location. The default I2C slave address is 0x48, 1001000 in binary. This is the standard part I2C slave address. Other addresses between 1000000 and 1001111 are available. 9.2 Other Slave Address Options Slave address might be diffenciated (2 fuse-programmed bits + 2 LSBs given by 2 GPIO inputs): Address bit 3 and bit 2 (100XXxx ) can be changed in production by fuse. Other values are available by special request. Please contact Semtech Sales for more information. Otherwise, default value is “00”. Revision 1.01 © Semtech 6 5 4 January 2011 3 2 1 0 Page 38 Set externally (optional) 100 XX XX Fuse programmed Address bit: Fixed N ot R The last significant bits (100xxXX ) can be defined by the GPIO pin D0 and D1. This mode is not set by default at startup, it must be activated in a register with a command. Default value is “00”. www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 9.2.1 Address Set Externally Bit: 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Address bit[0] set to 1 D0 fo r 100 XX 01 Slave address: D1 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d GPIO Address bit[1] set to 0 Figure 20. Example of I2C address set by external resistors The GPIO are set as ouput low at startup, so a resistor should be connected to the pad to avoid shortcut at startup. After startup, the master I2C can send a command (0x96 in RegExtAdd[0x43]) at the default I2C address to change I2C mode and set D0 and D1 as input address bits. If several SX87xx devices are connected on the same bus, the master MCU must send the command to each device simultaneousely using the default address. All SX87xx devices will receive the command at the same time. The master MCU must ensure that the command has been received by asking each slave device at their new address. 9.3 I2C General Call Reset N ot R The device respond to the I2C general call address (0000000) if the eighth bit is '0'. The devices acknowledge the general call address and respond to commands in the second byte. If the second byte is 00000110 (06h), the device reset the internal registers and enter power-down mode. S T A R T W R I T E DEVICE ADDRESS S T O P REGISTER ADDRESS SDA M S B L S B A C K 0x00 A C K 0x06 Figure 21. I2C General Call reset frame Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 39 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 9.4 I2C Register Access 9.4.1 Writing a Register W R I T E DEVICE ADDRESS REGISTER ADDRESS REGISTER VALUE SDA L S B A C K A C K A C K ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d M S B S T O P fo r S T A R T Figure 22. I2C timing diagram for writing to a register 9.4.2 Reading in a Register S T A R T SDA W R I T E DEVICE ADDRESS L S B M S B R E S T A R T REGISTER ADDRESS A C K DEVICE ADDRESS A C K R E A D S T O P REGISTER VALUE (n) A C K N O A C K Figure 23. I2C timing diagram for reading from a register ot R 9.4.3 Writing in Several Consecutive Registers N S T A R T W R I T E DEVICE ADDRESS REGISTER ADDRESS REGISTER VALUE (n) REGISTER VALUE (n + x - 1) S T O P REGISTER VALUE (n + x) SDA M S B L S B A C K A C K A C K A C K A C K Figure 24. I2C timing diagram for multiple writing to registers Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 40 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 9.4.4 Reading from Several Consecutive Registers W R I T E DEVICE ADDRESS REGISTER ADDRESS DEVICE ADDRESS R E A D REGISTER VALUE (n) SDA L S B A C K A C K A C K A C K ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d M S B S T O P REGISTER VALUE (n+x) fo r S T A R T R E S T A R T N O A C K N ot R Figure 25. I2C timing diagram for multiple reading from a register Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 41 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 10 Register Memory Map and Description 10.1 Register Map Table 22 below describes the register/memory map that can be accessed through the I2C interface. It indicates the register name, register address and the register contents. Adress Register Bit Description RegRCen 1 RC oscillator control 0x30 GPIO Registers 0x40 RegOut 0x41 RegIn 0x42 RegTimeout 0x43 RegExtAdd ADC Registers 0x50 RegACOutLsb 0x51 RegACOutMsb 0x52 RegACCfg0 0x53 RegACCfg1 0x54 RegACCfg2 0x55 RegACCfg3 0x56 RegACCfg4 0x57 RegACCfg5 0x70 RegMode R Mode Register ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d RC Register fo r Table 22. Register Map 8 D0 to D3 pads data output and direction control 4 D0 to D3 pads input data 1 Enable/Disable I2C timeout 8 Set address by external pin 8 LSB of ADC result 8 MSB of ADC result 7 ADC conversion control 8 ADC conversion control 8 ADC conversion control 8 ADC conversion control 7 ADC conversion control 8 ADC conversion control 8 Chip operating mode register ot 10.2 Registers Descriptions N The register descriptions are presented here in ascending order of Register Address. Some registers carry several individual data fields of various sizes; from single-bit values (e.g. flags), upwards. Some data fields are spread across multiple registers. After power on reset the registers will have the values indicated in the tables "Reset" column. Please write the “Reserved” bits with their reset values. Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 42 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 10.2.1 RC Register Table 23. RegRCen[0x30] Bit Bit Name Mode Reset Description 7:1 - r 0000000 Reserved 0 RCEn rw 1 Enables RC oscillator. Set 0 for low power mode. fo r 10.2.2 GPIO Registers Table 24. RegOut[0x40] Bit Name 7 D3Dir 6 D2Dir 5 D1Dir 4 D0Dir 3 D3Out Mode Reset Description ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Bit rw 1 D3 pad direction. 1 : Output 0 : Input rw 1 D2 pad direction. 1 : Output 0 : Input rw 1 D1 pad direction. 1 : Output 0 : Input rw 1 D0 pad direction. 1 : Output 0 : Input rw 0 D3 pad output value. Only valid when D3Dir=1 rw 0 D2 pad output value. Only valid when D2Dir=1 rw 0 D1 pad output value. Only valid when D1Dir=1 and VrefD1In=0 rw 0 D0 pad output value. Only valid when D0Dir=1 and VrefD1Out=0 Mode Reset Description - r 0000 Reserved D2Out 1 D1Out 0 D0Out R 2 7:4 3 Bit Name N Bit ot Table 25. RegIn[0x41] D3In r - D3 pad value 2 D2In r - D2 pad value 1 D1In r - D1 pad value 0 D0In r - D0 pad value Table 26. RegTimout[0x42] Bit Bit Name Mode Reset Description 7:6 - rw 00 Reserved 5 Timeout w 0 0 : Disabled 1 : Enabled Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 43 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET Table 26. RegTimout[0x42] Bit Bit Name Mode Reset Description 4:0 - rw 00000 Reserved fo r Table 27. RegExtAdd[0x43] Bit Name Mode Reset Description 7:0 ExternalRd rw 00000000 Write the 0x96 value into this register to set the two LSbits of the I2C address by external (D0 and D1). 10.2.3 ZADC Registers ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Bit Table 28. RegACOutLsb[0x50] Bit Name 7:0 Out[7:0] Mode Reset Description r 00000000 LSB of the ADC result Mode Reset Description r 00000000 MSB of the ADC result Mode Reset Description rw 0 Starts an ADC conversion Table 29. RegACOutMsb[0x51] Name 7:0 Out[15:8] R Bit Table 30. RegACCfg0[0x52] Name 7 Start ot Bit rw 01 4:2 SetOsr rw 010 Sets the ADC over-sampling rate of an elementary conversion to 23+SetOsr. 1 Continuous rw 0 Sets the continuous ADC conversion mode 0 - r 0 Reserved 6:5 N SetNelconv Sets the number of elementary conversion to 2SetNelconv. To compensate for offset the signal is chopped between elementary conversion. Table 31. RegACCfg1[0x53] Bit Name Mode Reset Description 7:6 IbAmpAdc rw 11 Bias current selection for the ADC 5:4 IbAmpPga rw 11 Bias current selection for the PGA Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 44 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET Table 31. RegACCfg1[0x53] Name 3 2 1 Enable 0 Mode Reset Description rw 0 PGA3 enable rw 0 PGA2 enable rw 0 PGA1 enable rw 0 ADC enable Mode Reset Description rw 00 ADC Sampling Frequency selection rw 00 PGA2 gain selection rw 0000 PGA2 offset selection Mode Reset Description rw 0 PGA1 gain selection rw 0001100 PGA3 gain selection Mode Reset Description rw 0 Reserved rw 0000000 PGA3 offset selection fo r Bit Bit Name 7:6 SetFs 5:4 Pga2Gain 3:0 Pga2Offset ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Table 32. RegACCfg2[0x54] Table 33. RegACCfg3[0x55] Bit Name 7 Pga1Gain 6:0 Pga3Gain Name 7 - 6:0 Pga3Offset N ot Bit R Table 34. RegACCfg4[0x56] Table 35. RegACCfg5[0x57] Bit Name Mode Reset Description 7 Busy r 0 ADC activity flag 6 Def rw 0 Selects ADC and PGA default configuration, starts an ADC conversion 5:1 Amux rw 00000 Input channel configuration selector 0 Vmux rw 0 Reference channel selector 0 : VBATT 1 : VREF Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 45 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 10.2.4 Mode Registers Table 36. RegMode[0x70] Bit Name Mode Reset Description 7 - r 1 reserved 6 - r 0 reserved Chopper rw 00 3 MultForceOn rw 0 Force charge pump On. Takes priority. Note 2 MultForceOff 1 VrefD0Out 0 VrefD1In (1) rw 1 Force charge pump Off. Note 2 rw 0 Enable VREF output on D0 pin rw 0 Enable external VREF on D1 pin The chop control is to allow chopping of the internal bandgap reference. This may be useful to help eliminate bandgap related internal offset voltage and 1/f noise. The bandgap chop state may be forced High or Low, or may be set to toggle during conversion at either the same rate or half the rate of the Elementary Conversion. (See Conversion Sequence in the ZoomingADC description). The internal charge pump may be forced On when VBATT supply is below 4.2V or Off when VBATT supply is above 4.2V. Enabling the charge pump increase the current consumption. If the ADC is not being run at full rate or full accuracy then it may operate sufficiently well when VBATT is less than 4.2V and internal charge pump forced Off. N ot R (2) ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d 2 fo r 5:4 VREF chopping control. Note 1 11 : Chop at NELCONV/2 rate 10 : Chop at NELCONV rate 01 : Chop state=1 00 : Chop state=0 Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 46 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 11 Typical Performances Note fo r The graphs and tables provided following this note are statistical summary based on limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range and therefore outside the warranted range. 11.1 Input impedance ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d The PGAs of the ZoomingADC are a switched capacitor based blocks (see Switched Capacitor Principle section). This means that it does not use resistors to fix gains, but capacitors and switches. This has important implications on the nature of the input impedance of the block. Using switched capacitors is the reason why, while a conversion is done, the input impedance on the selected channel of the PGAs is inversely proportional to the sampling frequency fs and to stage gain as given in Equation 24. Z in ≥ 1 [Ω ] f s ⋅ (Cg ⋅ gain + Cp ) Equation 24 The input impedance observed is the input impedance of the first PGA stage that is enabled or the input impedance of the ADC if all three stages are disabled. Cg multiplied by gain is the equivalent gain capacitor and Cp is the parasitic capacitor of the first enabled stage. The values for each ZoomingADC bloc are provided in Table 37: R Table 37. Capacitor values ot Acquisition Chain Stage PGA1 N PGA2 PGA3 Gain capacitor Cg Parasitic capacitor Cp Units 0.45 1.04 pF 0.54 1.2 pF 0.735 1.53 pF ADC 2.4 pF PGA1 (with a gain of 10) and PGA2 (with a gain of 10) have each a minimum input impedance of 300 kOhm at fs = 500 kHz. PGA3 (with a gain of 10) have a minimum input impedance of 250 kOhm at fs = 500 kHz. Larger input impedance can be obtained by reducing the gain and/or by reducing the over-sampling frequency fs. Therefore, with a gain of 1 and a sampling frequency of 62.5 kHz, Zin > 10.2 MOhm for PGA1. The input impedance on channels that are not selected is very high (>10MOhm). Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 47 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 11.1.1 Switched Capacitor Principle Basically, a switched capacitor is a way to emulate a resistor by using a capacitor. The capacitors are much easier to realize on CMOS technologies and they show a very good matching precision. V1 V1 V2 f f fo r R V2 Figure 26. The Switched Capacitor Principle ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d A resistor is characterized by the current that flows through it (positive current leaves node V1): I= V1 −V2 [ A] R Equation 25 One can verify that the mean current leaving node V1 with a capacitor switched at frequency f is: I = (V1 − V 2) ⋅ f ⋅ C [ A] Equation 26 ot R Therefore as a mean value, the switched capacitor 1/(f x C) is equivalent to a resistor. It is important to consider that this is only a mean value. If the current is not integrated (low impedance source), the impedance is infinite during the whole time but the transition. What does it mean for the ZoomingADC? If the fs clock is reduced, the mean impedance is increased. By dividing the fs clock by a factor 10, the impedance is increased by a factor 10. N One can reduce the capacitor that is switched by using an amplifier set to its minimal gain. In particular if PGA1 is used with gain 1, its mean impedance is 10x bigger than when it is used with gain 10. Current integration Sensor impedence V1 Sensor Node Capacitance ZoomingADC (model) f f V2 C Figure 27. The Switched Capacitor Principle One can increase the effective impedance by increasing the electrical bandwidth of the sensor node so that the switching current is absorbed through the sensor before the switching period is over. Measuring the sensor node will Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 48 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET show short voltage spikes at the frequency fs, but these will not influence the measurement. Whereas if the bandwidth of the node is lower, no spikes will arise, but a small offset can be generated by the integration of the charges generated by the switched capacitors, this corresponds to the mean impedance effect. Notes: One can increase the mean input impedance of the ZoomingADC by lowering the acquisition clock fs. One can increase the mean input impedance of the ZoomingADC by decreasing the gain of the first enabled amplifier. One can increase the effective input impedance of the ZoomingADC by having a source with a high electrical bandwidth (sensor electrical bandwidth much higher than fs). fo r (1) (2) (3) 11.2 Frequency Response f ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d The incremental ADC is an over-sampled converter with two main blocks: an analog modulator and a low-pass digital filter. The main function of the digital filter is to remove the quantization noise introduced by the modulator. This filter determines the frequency response of the transfer function between the output of the ADC and the analog input VIN. Notice that the frequency axes are normalized to one elementary conversion period OSR / fs. The plots of Figure 28, page 50 also show that the frequency response changes with the number of elementary conversions NELCONV performed. In particular, notches appear for NELCONV >= 2 These notches occur at: i ⋅ fs NOTCH = -----------------------------------OSR ⋅ N ELCONV For i = 1, 2, … ( N ELCONV – 1 ) Equation 27 and are repeated every fs / OSR. R Information on the location of these notches is particularly useful when specific frequencies must be filtered out by the acquisition system. This chip has no dedicated 50/60 Hz rejection filtering but some rejection can be achieved by using Equation 27 and setting the appropriate values of OSR, fs and NELCONV. ot Rejection [Hz] N 60 50 Revision 1.01 © Semtech Table 38. 50/60 Hz Line Rejection Examples fNOTCH [Hz] fs [kHz] OSR [-] NELCONV [-] 61 125 1024 2 61 250 1024 4 61 500 1024 8 53 62.5 1024 8 46 62.5 1024 4 46 125 1024 8 January 2011 Page 49 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition Nelconv = 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 1.2 1 Nelconv = 2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 1 Nelconv = 4 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.5 1 1 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Normalized Frequency - f x (OSR / fs) [-] Normalized Magnitude [-] 1.2 0.5 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Normalized Magnitude [-] Normalized Frequency - f x (OSR / fs) [-] fo r 1.2 1 DATASHEET Normalized Magnitude [-] Normalized Magnitude [-] ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING 4 Normalized Frequency - f x (OSR / fs) [-] 1.2 1 Nelconv = 8 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Normalized Frequency - f x (OSR / fs) [-] Figure 28. Frequency Response. Normalized Magnitude vs. Frequency for Different NELCONV 11.3 Linearity 11.3.1 Integral Non-Linearity N ot R The different PGA stages have been designed to find the best compromise between the noise performance, the integral non-linearity and the power consumption. To obtain this, the first stage has the best noise performance and the third stage the best linearity performance. For large input signals (small PGA gains, i.e. up to about 50), the noise added by the PGA is very small with respect to the input signal and the second and third stage of the PGA should be used to get the best linearity. For small input signals (large gains, i.e. above 50), the noise level in the PGA is important and the first stage of the PGA should be used. The following figures show the Integral non linearity for different gain settings over the chip temperature range Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 50 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 11.3.1.1 Gain 1 VBATT=5V ; VREF=VBATT; PGAs disabled; OSR=1024 ; Nelconv=8 ; fs=250kHz; Resolution=16bits. 10 6 6 4 4 2 2 INL [LSB] 8 0 -2 INL Gain 1 @ 25°C fo r INL Gain 1 @ -40°C 8 0 -2 -4 -4 -6 -6 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d INL [LSB] 10 -8 -8 -10 -10 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 -2 2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 Figure 29. INL -40°C 10 8 1 1.5 2 1 1.5 2 INL Gain 1 @ 125°C 8 6 6 4 4 2 INL [LSB] INL [LSB] 0.5 Figure 30. INL 25°C 10 INL Gain 1 @ 85°C 0 VIN [V] VIN [V] 0 -2 -4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -6 -8 -8 -10 -10 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 VIN [V] R Figure 31. INL 85°C 0.5 Figure 32. INL 125°C ot 11.3.1.2 Gain 10 0 VIN [V] 10 INL Gain 10 @ -40°C INL Gain 10 @ 25°C 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 INL [LSB] INL [LSB] 10 N VBATT=5V ; VREF=VBATT; ADC and PGA3 enabled ; GD3=10; OSR=1024 ; Nelconv=8 ; fs=250kHz; Resolution=16bits. 0 -2 0 -2 -4 -4 -6 -6 -8 -8 -10 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 Figure 33. INL -40°C January 2011 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 VIN [V] VIN [V] Revision 1.01 © Semtech -10 -0.2 Figure 34. INL 25°C Page 51 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 10 10 INL Gain 10 @ 125°C 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 -2 0 -2 -4 -4 -6 -6 fo r INL [LSB] INL [LSB] INL Gain 10 @ 85°C -8 -8 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 -10 -0.2 0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d -10 -0.2 Figure 35. INL 85°C 11.3.1.3 Gain 100 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 VIN [V] VIN [V] Figure 36. INL 125°C VBATT=5V ; VREF=VBATT; ADC, PGA2 and PGA3 enabled ; GD2=10; GD3=10; OSR=1024 ; Nelconv=8 ; fs=250kHz; Resolution=16bits. 50 50 INL Gain 100 @ -40°C 40 30 30 20 20 10 INL [LSB] INL [LSB] INL Gain 100 @ 25°C 40 0 -10 -20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -50 -0.02 -0.015 -0.01 R -30 -40 -0.005 0 -40 0.005 0.01 0.015 -50 -0.02 0.02 -0.015 -0.01 -0.005 VIN [V] ot Figure 37. INL -40°C 40 50 INL Gain 100 @ 85°C 20 10 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -40 -0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 VIN [V] January 2011 -50 -0.02 -0.015 -0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0.015 0.02 VIN [V] Figure 39. INL 85°C Revision 1.01 © Semtech 0.01 INL Gain 100 @ 125°C 0 -30 -0.01 0.02 -10 -20 -0.015 0.015 30 20 -50 -0.02 0.01 40 INL [LSB] INL [LSB] 30 0.005 Figure 38. INL 25°C N 50 0 VIN [V] Figure 40. INL 125°C Page 52 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 11.3.1.4 Gain 1000 VBATT=5V ; VREF=VBATT; ADC, PGA3, PGA2, PGA1 enabled; GD1=10, GD2=10, GD3=10; OSR=1024 ; NELCONV=8 ; fs=250KHz; Resolution=16bits. 200 200 150 100 100 50 50 INL [LSB] INL [LSB] 150 0 fo r INL Gain 1000 @ 25°C INL Gain 1000 @ -40°C 0 -50 -100 -100 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d -50 -150 -150 -200 -0.002 -0.0015 -0.001 -0.0005 0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 -200 -0.002 0.002 -0.0015 -0.001 -0.0005 Figure 41. INL -40°C 200 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.001 0.0015 0.002 Figure 42. INL 25°C 200 INL Gain 1000 @ 85°C INL Gain 1000 @ 125°C 150 150 100 100 50 50 INL [LSB] INL [LSB] 0 VIN [V] VIN [V] 0 -50 0 -50 -100 -100 -150 -200 -0.002 -0.0015 -0.001 R -150 -0.0005 0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 VIN [V] -200 -0.002 -0.0015 -0.001 -0.0005 0 0.0005 VIN [V] Figure 44. INL 125°C N ot Figure 43. INL 85°C Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 53 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 11.3.2 Differential Non-Linearity ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d fo r The differential non-linearity is generated by the ADC. The PGA does not add differential non-linearity. Figure 45 shows the differential non-linearity. Figure 45. Differential Non-Linearity of the ADC Converter 11.4 Noise R Ideally, a constant input voltage VIN should result in a constant output code. However, because of circuit noise, the output code may vary for a fixed input voltage. Thus, a statistical analysis on the output code of 1200 conversions for a constant input voltage was performed to derive the equivalent noise levels of PGA1, PGA2, and PGA3. N ot The extracted rms output noise of PGA1, 2, and 3 are given in Table 39, page 56: standard output deviation and output rms noise voltage. Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 54 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING Reference Inputs VN1 ±Vin S VREFN,WB VBATT VSS VREF VSS PGA1 VN2 VN3 ±Vin ±Vin ±Voff PGA2 ±Voff PGA3 ±Vref VREF,ADC gains: offsets: VIN,ADC ±Vin fo r VIN ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Analog Inputs VSS VREF AC2 AC3 AC4 AC5 AC6 AC7 DATASHEET GD1 GD2 GDOFF2 ADC GD3 GDOFF3 Figure 46. Simple Noise Model for PGAs and ADC VN1, VN2, and VN3 are the output rms noise figures of Table 39, GD1, GD2, and GD3 are the PGA gains of stages 1 to 3 respectively. VREFN,WB is the wide band noise on the reference voltage. The simple noise model of Figure 46 is used to estimate the equivalent input referred rms noise VN,IN of the acquisition chain in the model of Figure 48, page 56. This is given by the relationship: 2 R 2 ⎞ ⎛ VREFN ,WB (GD2 ⋅ GDOFF 2 + GDOFF 3 ) ⎞ ⎛ 1 VREFN ,WB ⎞ ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⋅ ⎟⎟ GDTOT ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 2 GDTOT ⎠ V 2 rms (OSR ⋅ N ELCONV ) 2 2 2 [ ] Equation 28 N ot VN , IN 2 ⎛ VN 1 ⎞ ⎛ VN 2 ⎞ ⎛ VN 3 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟ +⎜ GD1 ⎠ ⎝ GD1 ⋅ GD2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ GDTOT ⎝ = On the numerator of Equation 28 : 1 the first parenthesis is the PGA1 gain amplifier contribution to noise 2 the second parenthesis is the PGA2 gain amplifier contribution to noise 3 the third parenthesis is the PGA3 gain amplifier contribution to noise 4 the fourth parenthesis is PGA2 and PGA3 offset amplifiers contributions to noise 5 the last parenthesis is the contribution of the noise on the references of the ADC Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 55 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET As shown in Equation 28, noise can be reduced by increasing OSR and NELCONV (increases the ADC averaging effect, but reduces noise). Table 39. PGA Noise Measurement (n = 16bits, OSR = 512, NELCONV = 2, VREF = 5V) Parameter Output RMS noise(uV) PGA1 PGA2 PGA3 VN1 = 205 VN2 = 340 VN3 = 365 fo r Figure 47 shows the distribution for the ADC alone (PGA1, 2, and 3 bypassed). Quantization noise is dominant in this case, and, thus, the ADC thermal noise is below 16 bits. Occurences [% of total samples] ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d 80 60 40 20 0 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Output Code Deviation From Mean Value [LSB] Figure 47. ADC Noise (PGA1, 2 & 3 Bypassed, OSR = 512, NELCONV = 2) R N Reference Inputs VIN VN,IN ot Analog Inputs VSS VREF AC2 AC3 AC4 AC5 AC6 AC7 ±Vin S PGA1 VIN,ADC ±Vin ±Vin ±Vin ±Voff PGA2 ±Voff PGA3 ±Vref ADC VREF,ADC VBATT VSS VREF VSS Figure 48. Total Input Referred Noise As an example, consider the system where: GD2 = 10 (GD1 = 1; PGA3 bypassed), OSR = 512, NELCONV = 2, VREF = 5 V. In this case, the noise contribution VN1 of PGA1 is dominant over that of PGA2. Using Equation 28, page 55, we get: VN,IN = 6.4 μV (rms) at the input of the acquisition chain, or, equivalently, 0.85 LSB at the output of the ADC. Considering 0.2 V (rms) maximum signal amplitude, the signal-to-noise ratio is 90dB. Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 56 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 11.5 Gain Error and Offset Error Gain error is defined as the amount of deviation between the ideal transfer function (theoretical Equation 19, page 33) and the measured transfer function (with the offset error removed). fo r The actual gain of the different stages can vary depending on the fabrication tolerances of the different elements. Although these tolerances are specified to a maximum of ±3%, they will be most of the time around ±0.5%. Moreover, the tolerances between the different stages are not correlated and the probability to get the maximal error in the same direction in all stages is very low. Finally, these gain errors can be calibrated by the software at the same time with the gain errors of the sensor for instance. ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d Figure 49 shows gain error drift vs. temperature for different PGA gains. The curves are expressed in % of Full-Scale Range (FSR) normalized to 25°C. Offset error is defined as the output code error for a zero volt input (ideally, output code = 0). The offset of the ADC and the PGA1 stage are completely suppressed if NELCONV > 1. The measured offset drift vs. temperature curves for different PGA gains are depicted in Figure 50. The output offset error, expressed in LSB for 16-bit setting, is normalized to 25°C. Notice that if the ADC is used alone, the output offset error is below +/-1 LSB and has no drift. 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 1 5 20 100 R Gain Error [% of FSR] 0.1 -0.3 ot -0.4 -50 -25 0 25 Output Offset Er ror [LSB] NORMALIZED TO 25°C 0.2 50 75 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Temperature [°C] N Figure 49. Gain Error vs. Temperature for Different Gains January 2011 1 5 20 100 80 -50 100 Temperature [°C] Revision 1.01 © Semtech NORMALIZED TO 25°C 100 Page 57 Figure 50. Offset Error vs. Temperature for Different Gains www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 11.6 Power Consumption fo r Figure 51 plots the variation of current consumption with supply voltage VBATT, as well as the distribution between the 3 PGA stages and the ADC (see Table 40, page 60). The Charge Pump is forced ON for VBATT < 4.2V and forced OFF for VBATT > 4.2V. 1'100 ADC ADC+PGA1 1'000 ADC+PGA12 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d 900 ADC+PGA123 IDD[uA] 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 VBATT [V] N ot R Figure 51. Current Consumption vs. Supply Voltage and PGAs Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 58 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET fo r As shown in Figure 52, if lower sampling frequency is used, the current consumption can be lowered by reducing the bias currents of the PGAs and the ADC with registers IbAmpPga and IbAmpAdc. (In Figure 52, IbAmpPga/Adc = '11', '10', '00' for fs = 500, 250, 62.5 kHz respectively. The Charge Pump is forced ON for VBATT < 4.2V and forced OFF for VBATT > 4.2V. 1'100 62.5Khz, Ibias = 0.25 125Khz, Ibias = 0.25 1'000 250Khz, Ibias = 0.5 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d 900 500Khz, Ibias = 1 IDD [uA] 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 VBATT [V] N ot R Figure 52. Current Consumption vs Temperature and ADC Sampling Frequency Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 59 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET Current consumption vs. temperature is depicted in Figure 53, showing the increase between -40 and +125°C. 1300 Vbatt = 2.4v 1200 fo r Vbatt = 3.5v Vbatt = 5.5v 1000 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d IDD [uA] 1100 900 800 700 600 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Temperature [°C] Figure 53. Current Consumption vs Temperature and Supply Voltage Table 40. Typical Current Distribution in Acquisition Chain (n = 16 bits, fs = 250kHz) VBATT = 2.4V ADC PGA1 PGA2 PGA3 Total 207 70 51 78 406 282 82 61 91 516 338 103 67 98 606 R Supply ot VBATT = 3.5V uA N VBATT = 5.5V Unit Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 60 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET FAMILY OVERVIEW This chapter gives an overview of similar devices based on the ZoomingADC but with different features or packages. Each part is described in it’s own datasheet. fo r 12 Comparizon table Table 41. Family comparizon table Part number SX8724C SX8725C SX8723S SX8724S ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d SX8723C SX8725S Package MLPD-W-12 4x4 MLPQ-16 4x4 MLPD-W-12 4x4 MLPQ-16 4x4 MLPQ-16 4x4 MLPQ-16 4x4 Protocol I2C I2C I2C SPI SPI SPI GPIO D0 I2C addr, Digital IO or Vref OUT I2C addr, Digital IO or Vref OUT I2C add, Digital IO Digital IO or Vref or Vref OUT OUT Digital IO or Vref OUT Digital IO or Vref OUT D1 I2C addr, Digital IO or Vref IN I2C addr, Digital IO or Vref IN I2C addr, Digital IO or Vref IN Digital IO or Vref OUT. Digital IO or Vref IN Digital IO or Vref IN D2 N.A. Digital IO N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. D3 N.A. Digital IO N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 3 1 2 3 1 2 N ot R Differential input channels Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 61 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 13 Comparizon by package pinout 11 AC2 10 VPUMP 8 SDA AC4 3 4 5 7 D0 SDA AC2 VPUMP SCLK SDI D0 AC3 1 11 D2 AC6 2 10 D3 AC7 3 9 D1 AC4 4 7 8 VBATT VSS READY 5 N NC 1 12 AC3 NC 2 11 AC2 AC3 1 VBATT 3 10 VPUMP N.C. 2 VSS 4 READY 5 SX8725C (Top view) Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 6 7 11 SDO/RDY 10 CS 9 D1 12 D0 11 SDO/RDY 10 CS 9 D1 12 D0 11 SDO/RDY 8 16 15 14 13 SX8725S (Top view) 9 SCL N.C. 3 10 CS 8 SDA N.C. 4 9 D1 7 D0 D1 6 SX8724S (Top view) AC5 6 ot AC5 5 D0 READY SX8724C (Top view) 12 SDI 4 13 Page 62 5 6 7 8 READY AC4 14 SCLK 3 15 R AC7 16 VPUMP 2 13 VBATT AC6 14 AC2 1 12 8 15 N.C. AC3 7 SCL 16 6 VPUMP AC2 AC5 D1 6 N.C. VSS 5 9 SCL SX8723S (Top view) VSS READY 2 VSS 4 N.C. 13 VBATT VSS SX8723C (Top view) 14 VBATT 3 1 15 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d VBATT AC3 SDI AC5 2 16 READY AC3 SCLK 12 fo r AC4 1 VPUMP SPI versions AC2 I2C versions www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET MECHANICAL 14 PCB Layout Considerations ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d fo r PCB layout considerations to be taken when using the SX8724C are relatively simple to get the highest performances out of the ZoomingADC. The most important to achieve good performances out the ZoomingADC is to have a good voltage reference. The SX8724C has already an internal reference that is good enough to get the best performances with a minimal amount of external components, but, in case an external reference is needed this one must be as clean as possible in order to get the desired performance. Separating the digital from the analog lines will be also a good choice to reduce the noise induced by the digital lines. It is also advised to have separated ground planes for digital and analog signals with the shortest return path, as well as making the power supply lines as wider as possible and to have good decoupling capacitors. 15 How to Evaluate N ot R For evaluation purposes SX8724CEVK evaluation kit can be ordered. This kit connects to any PC using a USB port. The "SX87xx Evaluation Tools" software gives the user the ability to control the SX8724C registers as well as getting the raw data from the ZoomingADC and displaying it on the "Graphical User interface". For more information please look at SEMTECH web site (http://www.semtech.com). Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 63 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 16 Package Outline Drawing: MLPQ-W16-4x4-EP1 D DIMENSIONS MILLIMETERS DIM MIN NOM MAX B PIN 1 INDICATOR (LASER MARK) 0.70 0.80 0.00 0.05 (0.20) 0.25 0.30 0.35 3.90 4.00 4.10 2.55 2.70 2.80 3.90 4.00 4.10 2.55 2.70 2.80 0.65 BSC 0.30 0.40 0.50 16 0.08 0.10 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d E A2 A aaa C A A1 A2 b D D1 E E1 e L N aaa bbb fo r A SEATING PLANE C A1 D1 LxN e/2 E/2 2 1 N ot R E1 N e bxN D/2 bbb C A B NOTES: 1. CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS (ANGLES IN DEGREES). 2. COPLANARITY APPLIES TO THE EXPOSED PAD AS WELL AS THE TERMINALS. Figure 54. Package Outline Drawing Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 64 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET fo r 17 Land Pattern Drawing: 4x4MLPQ-W16-EP1 K DIM G H Z Y X (.156) .122 .106 .106 .026 .016 .033 .189 ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d (C) C G H K P X Y Z DIMENSIONS INCHES MILLIMETERS (3.95) 3.10 2.70 2.70 0.65 0.40 0.85 4.80 P NOTES: 1. CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS (ANGLES IN DEGREES). 2. THIS LAND PATTERN IS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY. CONSULT YOUR MANUFACTURING GROUP TO ENSURE YOUR COMPANY'S MANUFACTURING GUIDELINES ARE MET. 3. THERMAL VIAS IN THE LAND PATTERN OF THE EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE CONNECTED TO A SYSTEM GROUND PLANE. FAILURE TO DO SO MAY COMPROMISE THE THERMAL AND/OR FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE OF THE DEVICE. N ot R 4. SQUARE PACKAGE - DIMENSIONS APPLY IN BOTH " X " AND " Y " DIRECTIONS. Figure 55. Land Pattern Drawing Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 65 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING DATASHEET 18 Tape and Reel Specification fo r MLP/QFN (0.70mm - 1.00mm package thickness) Single Sprocket holes Tolerances for Ao & Bo are +/- 0.20mm Tolerances for Ko is +/- 0.10mm Tolerance for Pocket Pitch is +/- 0.10mm Tolerance for Tape width is +/-0.30mm Trailer and Leader Length are minimum required length Package Orientation and Feed Direction MLP (rectangular) ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d MLP (square) Direction of Feed Direction of Feed N ot R Figure 56. Direction of Feed Figure 57. User direction of feed Table 42. Tape and reel specifications Pkg size 4x4 Revision 1.01 © Semtech carrier tape (mm) Tape Width (W) 12 Reel Pocket Pitch (P) Ao Bo Ko Reel Size (in) 8 4.35 4.35 1.10 7/13 January 2011 Page 66 Reel Width (mm) 12.4 Trailer Length (mm) 400 Leader Length (mm) 400 QTY per Reel 1000/3000 www.semtech.com/products/ SX8724C ZoomingADC for sensing data acquisition DATASHEET fo r ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING ec N o ew m m D e es n ig de ns d © Semtech 2010 All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Semtech assumes no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any failure or unexpected operation resulting from misuse, neglect improper installation, repair or improper handling or unusual physical or electrical stress including, but not limited to, exposure to parameters beyond the specified maximum ratings or operation outside the specified range. SEMTECH PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED, INTENDED, AUTHORIZED OR WARRANTED TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFESUPPORT APPLICATIONS, DEVICES OR SYSTEMS OR OTHER CRITICAL APPLICATIONS. INCLUSION OF SEMTECH PRODUCTS IN SUCH APPLICATIONS IS UNDERSTOOD TO BE UNDERTAKEN SOLELY AT THE CUSTOMER’S OWN RISK. Should a customer purchase or use Semtech products for any such unauthorized application, the customer shall indemnify and hold Semtech and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs damages and attorney fees which could arise. Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. R Contact information ot Semtech Corporation Advanced Communications & Sensing Products USA N E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Internet: http://www.semtech.com 200 Flynn Road, Camarillo, CA 93012-8790. Tel: +1 805 498 2111 Fax: +1 805 498 3804 FAR EAST 12F, No. 89 Sec. 5, Nanking E. Road, Taipei, 105, TWN, R.O.C. Tel: +886 2 2748 3380 Fax: +886 2 2748 3390 EUROPE Semtech Ltd., Units 2 & 3, Park Court, Premier Way, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, Hampshire, SO51 9DN. Tel: +44 (0)1794 527 600 Fax: +44 (0)1794 527 601 ISO9001 CERTIFIED Revision 1.01 © Semtech January 2011 Page 67 www.semtech.com/products/