19-6047; Rev 1; 1/12 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown General Description The MAX11101 low-power, 14-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) features a successive approximation ADC, automatic power-down, fast 1.1Fs wake-up, and a highspeed SPI/QSPI™/MICROWIRE®-compatible interface. The MAX11101 operates with a single +5V analog supply and features a separate digital supply, allowing direct interfacing with 2.7V to 5.25V digital logic. At the maximum sampling rate of 200ksps, the MAX11101 typically consumes 2.45mA. Power consumption is typically 12.25mW (VAVDD = VDVDD = 5V) at a 200ksps (max) sampling rate. AutoShutdown™ reduces supply current to 140FA at 10ksps and to less than 10FA at reduced sampling rates. Excellent dynamic performance and low power, combined with ease of use and small package size (10-pin FMAXM and 12-bump WLP), make the MAX11101 ideal for battery-powered and data-acquisition applications or for other circuits with demanding power consumption and space requirements. Features S14-Bit Resolution, 1 LSB DNL S+5V Single-Supply Operation SAdjustable Logic Level (2.7V to 5.25V) SInput Voltage Range: 0 to VREF SInternal Track-and-Hold, 4MHz Input Bandwidth SSPI/QSPI/MICROWIRE-Compatible Serial Interface SSmall 10-Pin µMAX and WLP Packages SLow Power 2.45mA at 200ksps 140µA at 10ksps 0.1µA in Power-Down Mode Functional Diagram Applications AVDD DVDD Motor Control Industrial Process Control REF Industrial I/O Modules AIN Data-Acquisition Systems Thermocouple Measurements Accelerometer Measurements AGND SCLK TRACK-ANDHOLD 14-BIT SAR ADC OUTPUT BUFFER DOUT CONTROL Portable- and Battery-Powered Equipment CS MAX11101 Ordering Information appears at end of data sheet. DGND QSPI is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. MICROWIRE is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corp. AutoShutdown is a trademark and µMAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. For related parts and recommended products to use with this part, refer to: www.maxim-ic.com/MAX11101.related ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 1 For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS AVDD to AGND........................................................-0.3V to +6V DVDD to DGND........................................................-0.3V to +6V DGND to AGND....................................................-0.3V to +0.3V AIN, REF to AGND................................ -0.3V to (VAVDD + 0.3V) SCLK, CS to DGND..................................................-0.3V to +6V DOUT to DGND..................................... -0.3V to (VDVDD + 0.3V) Maximum Current Into Any Pin........................................ Q50mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70NC) FMAX (derate 5.6mW/NC above +70NC)......................444mW WLP (derate 16.1mW/NC above +70NC)......1300mW (Note 1) Operating Temperature Range........................... -40NC to +85NC Maximum Junction Temperature......................................+150NC Storage Temperature Range............................. -65NC to +150NC Lead Temperature (FMAX only; soldering, 10s)..............+300NC Soldering Temperature (reflow).......................................+260NC Note 1: All WLP devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25NC. Specifications over temperature limits are guaranteed by design and characterization.. Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VAVDD = VDVDD = 4.75V to 5.25V, fSCLK = 4.8MHz (50% duty cycle), 24 clocks/conversion (200ksps), VREF = 4.096V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS +1 LSB +1 LSB DC ACCURACY (Note 2) Resolution 14 Relative Accuracy INL (Note 3) -1 Differential Nonlinearity DNL No missing codes over temperature -1 Transition Noise RMS noise Bits ±0.5 LSBRMS Q0.32 Offset Error Gain Error (Note 4) 0.2 1 Q0.002 ±0.01 mV %FSR Offset Drift 0.4 ppm/°C Gain Drift (Note 4) 0.2 ppm/°C 84 dB DYNAMIC SPECIFICATIONS (1kHz sine wave, 4.096VP-P) (Note 2) Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion SINAD 81 Signal-to-Noise Ratio SNR 82 Total Harmonic Distortion THD Spurious-Free Dynamic Range SFDR 84 -99 87 dB -86 dB 101 dB Full-Power Bandwidth -3dB point 4 MHz Full-Linear Bandwidth SINAD > 81dB 20 kHz CONVERSION RATE Conversion Time tCONV Serial Clock Frequency fSCLK (Note 5) 5 240 Fs 0.1 4.8 MHz Aperture Delay 15 ns Aperture Jitter < 50 ps Sample Rate fS Track/Hold Acquisition Time tACQ fSCLK/24 200 1.1 ksps Fs ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 2 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VAVDD = VDVDD = 4.75V to 5.25V, fSCLK = 4.8MHz (50% duty cycle), 24 clocks/conversion (200ksps), VREF = 4.096V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS VREF V 1 FA VAVDD V ANALOG INPUT (AIN) Input Range VAIN Input Leakage Current 0 SCLK idle 0.01 EXTERNAL REFERENCE Input Voltage Range VREF Input Current IREF 3.8 VREF = 4.096V, fSCLK = 4.8MHz 60 150 VREF = 4.096V, SCLK idle 0.01 10 CS = DVDD, SCLK idle 0.01 FA DIGITAL INPUTS (SCLK, CS) Input High Voltage VIH VDVDD = 2.7V to 5.25V Input Low Voltage VIL VDVDD = 2.7V to 5.25V IIN VIN = 0 to VDVDD Input Leakage Current Input Hysteresis Input Capacitance 0.7 x VDVDD V Q0.1 0.3 x VDVDD V Q1 FA VHYST 0.2 V CIN 15 pF DIGITAL OUTPUT (DOUT) Output High Voltage VOH ISOURCE = 0.5mA, VDVDD = 2.7V to 5.25V Output Low Voltage VOL ISINK = 2mA, VDVDD = 2.7V to 5.25V Three-State Output Leakage Current Three-State Output Capacitance VDVDD - 0.25 V IL CS = DVDD Q0.1 COUT CS = DVDD 15 0.4 V Q10 FA pF POWER SUPPLIES Analog Supply VAVDD 4.75 5.25 V Digital Supply VDVDD 2.7 5.25 V Analog Supply Current IAVDD CS = DGND, 200ksps 1.85 2.5 mA IDVDD CS = DGND, DOUT = all zeros, 200ksps 0.6 1.0 mA CS = DVDD, SCLK = idle 0.1 10 FA VAVDD = VDVDD = 4.75V to 5.25V, fullscale input (Note 6) 68 Digital Supply Current Shutdown Supply Current Power-Supply Rejection Ratio IAVDD + IDVDD PSRR dB ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 3 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (VAVDD = VDVDD = 4.75V to 5.25V, fSCLK = 4.8MHz (50% duty cycle), 24 clocks/conversion (200ksps), VREF = 4.096V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (See Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, and Figure 6.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 1.1 UNITS Acquisition Time tACQ SCLK to DOUT Valid tDO CDOUT = 50pF 50 ns CS Fall to DOUT Enable tDV CDOUT = 50pF 80 ns CS Rise to DOUT Disable tTR CDOUT = 50pF 80 ns Fs CS Pulse Width tCSW 50 ns CS Fall to SCLK Rise Setup tCSS 100 ns CS Rise to SCLK Rise Hold tCSH SCLK High Pulse Width tCH 65 ns SCLK Low Pulse Width tCL 65 ns SCLK Period tCP 208 ns 0 ns TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (VAVDD = 4.75V to 5.25V, VDVDD = 2.7V to 5.25V, fSCLK = 4.8MHz (50% duty cycle), 24 clocks/conversion (200ksps), VREF = +4.096V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (See Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, and Figure 6.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 1.1 UNITS Acquisition Time tACQ SCLK to DOUT Valid tDO CDOUT = 50pF 100 ns CS Fall to DOUT Enable tDV CDOUT = 50pF 100 ns CS Rise to DOUT Disable tTR CDOUT = 50pF 80 ns Fs CS Pulse Width tCSW 50 ns CS Fall to SCLK Rise Setup tCSS 100 ns CS Rise to SCLK Rise Hold tCSH SCLK High Pulse Width tCH 65 ns SCLK Low Pulse Width tCL 65 ns SCLK Period tCP 208 ns 0 ns Note 2: VAVDD = VDVDD = +5V. Note 3: Relative accuracy is the deviation of the analog value at any code from its theoretical value after the full-scale range has been calibrated. Note 4: Offset and reference errors nulled. Note 5: Conversion time is defined as the number of clock cycles multiplied by the clock period; clock has 50% duty cycle. Note 6: Defined as the change in positive full scale caused by a Q5% variation in the nominal supply voltage. ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 4 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown Typical Operating Characteristics (VAVDD = VDVDD = 5V, fSCLK = 4.8MHz, CLOAD = 50pF, VREF = +4.096V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) DIFFERENTIAL NONLINEARITY (DNL) vs. CODE 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 DNL (LSB) 0.2 0 -0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -1.5 6144 12288 10240 16384 -0.3 MIN INL 0 4096 14336 2048 OUTPUT CODE (DECIMAL) MIN DNL 5.15 5.25 MAX11101 toc05 80 70 -60 -80 60 50 40 30 20 35 60 85 fSAMPLE = 200kHz 10 -140 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 0.1 FREQUENCY (kHz) 90 -20 -40 THD (dB) -30 70 60 50 -60 -70 30 -80 20 -90 10 -100 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 -50 40 fSAMPLE = 200kHz 100 fSAMPLE = 200kHz -10 80 1 10 THD VS. FREQUENCY 0 MAX11101 toc07 100 1 FREQUENCY (kHz) SFDR VS. FREQUENCY 110 0.1 5.05 90 -40 -120 -0.5 0 4.95 100 SINAD (dB) MAGNITUDE (dB) -20 MIN INL 10 4.85 SINAD VS. FREQUENCY -100 -15 4.75 VAVDD (V) -0.3 SFDR (dB) INL AND DNL (LSB) 0.1 -40 -0.5 16384 14336 0 MAX11101 toc04 MAX INL -0.1 12288 10240 MAX11101 FFT INL AND DNL vs. TEMPERATURE MAX DNL 8192 6144 OUTPUT CODE (DECIMAL) 0.5 0.3 MAX DNL MIN DNL -0.1 MAX11101 toc06 8192 4096 2048 0.1 MAX11101 toc08 0 MAX INL 0.3 INL AND DNL (LSB) 0.3 0.5 MAX11101 toc02 0.4 INL (LSB) 0.5 MAX11101 toc01 0.5 INL AND DNL vs. ANALOG SUPPLY VOLTAGE MAX11101 toc03 INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY (INL) vs. CODE -110 0.1 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 5 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VAVDD = VDVDD = 5V, fSCLK = 4.8MHz, CLOAD = 50pF, VREF = +4.096V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) ANALOG SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SAMPLE RATE 0.1000 IDVDD 0.0100 1.88 0.0010 1.86 1.84 1.82 0.0001 100 1.80 1000 4.75 SAMPLE RATE (ksps) 4.95 5.05 5.15 5.25 VAVDD (V) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 2.0 SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT VS. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 20 MAX11101 toc11 2.5 18 16 14 1.5 IAVDD ISHDN (nA) 1.0 12 10 8 6 0.5 4 IDVDD 2 0 450 400 -15 10 35 60 0 85 4.75 4.85 4.95 5.05 5.15 TEMPERATURE (°C) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT VS. TEMPERATURE OFFSET ERROR vs. ANALOG SUPPLY VOLTAGE 500 MAX11101 toc13 -40 VAVDD = VDVDD = +5V 300 OFFSET ERROR (µV) 350 300 250 200 150 100 5.25 MAX11101 toc14 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 4.85 MAX11101 toc12 10 1 ISHDN (nA) MAX11101 toc10 IAVDD 1.90 IAVDD (mA) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 1.0000 MAX11101 toc09 10.0000 100 -100 -300 50 0 -500 -40 -15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 4.75 4.85 4.95 5.05 5.15 5.25 VAVDD (V) ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 6 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VAVDD = VDVDD = 5V, fSCLK = 4.8MHz, CLOAD = 50pF, VREF = +4.096V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) GAIN ERROR vs. ANALOG SUPPLY VOLTAGE OFFSET ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE MAX11101 toc15 0.006 GAIN ERROR (%FS) 100 -100 -300 0.002 -0.002 -0.006 -500 -40 -15 10 35 60 -0.010 85 4.75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 4.95 5.05 5.15 5.25 VAVDD (V) SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (SNR) AND SIGNAL-TO-NOISE AND DISTORTION RATIO (SINAD) vs. TEMPERATURE GAIN ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE MAX11101 toc17 0.010 0.006 85.5 fIN = 1kHz 85.3 SNR AND SINAD (dB) GAIN ERROR (%FS) 4.85 0.002 -0.002 -0.006 MAX11100 toc18 OFFSET ERROR (µV) 300 0.010 MAX11101 toc16 500 SNR 85.1 84.9 SINAD 84.7 -0.010 -40 -15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 84.5 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (°C) ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 7 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown Pin Configurations TOP VIEW (BUMP SIDE DOWN) TOP VIEW MAX11101 + DOUT 1 DGND 2 DVDD 3 AGND AIN + 10 SCLK 9 CS 8 AGND 4 7 AVDD 5 6 REF MAX11101 1 2 3 4 REF AVDD AGND SCLK AGND REF DGND CS AIN AGND DVDD DOUT A B C µMAX WLP Pin Description PIN NAME FUNCTION 6 REF External Reference Voltage Input. Sets the analog voltage range. Bypass to AGND with a 4.7FF capacitor. A2 7 AVDD Analog +5V Supply Voltage. Bypass to AGND with a 0.1FF capacitor. A3, B1, C2 4, 8 AGND Analog Ground A4 10 SCLK Serial Clock Input. SCLK drives the conversion process and clocks out data at data rates up to 4.8MHz. B3 2 DGND Digital Ground B4 9 CS Active Low Chip Select Input. Forcing CS high places the MAX11101 in shutdown with a typical current of 0.1FA. A high-to-low transition on CS activates normal operating mode and initiates a conversion. C1 5 AIN Analog Input C3 3 DVDD Digital Supply Voltage. Bypass to DGND with a 0.1FF capacitor. DOUT Serial Data Output. Data changes state on SCLK’s falling edge. DOUT is high impedance when CS is high. WLP µMAX A1, B2 C4 1 ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 8 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown Detailed Description VDD The MAX11101 includes an input track-and-hold (T/H) and successive-approximation register (SAR) circuitry to convert an analog input signal to a digital 14-bit output. Figure 4 shows the MAX11101 in its simplest configuration. The serial interface requires only three digital lines (SCLK, CS, and DOUT) and provides an easy interface to microprocessors (FPs). 1mA DOUT DOUT 1mA CLOAD = 50pF CLOAD = 50pF DGND DGND a) VOL TO VOH b) HIGH-Z TO VOL AND VOH TO VOL Figure 1. Load Circuits for DOUT Enable Time and SCLK to DOUT Delay Time VDD 1mA DOUT Analog Input DOUT 1mA CLOAD = 50pF CLOAD = 50pF DGND The MAX11101 has two power modes: normal and shutdown. Driving CS high places the MAX11101 in shutdown, reducing the supply current to 0.1FA (typ), while pulling CS low places the MAX11101 in normal operating mode. Falling edges on CS initiate conversions that are driven by SCLK. The conversion result is available at DOUT in unipolar serial format. The serial data stream consists of eight zeros followed by the data bits (MSB first). Figure 3 shows the interface-timing diagram. Figure 5 illustrates the input sampling architecture of the ADC. The voltage applied at REF sets the full-scale input voltage. DGND a) VOH TO HIGH-Z Track-and-Hold (T/H) In track mode, the analog signal is acquired on the internal hold capacitor. In hold mode, the T/H switches open and the capacitive DAC samples the analog input. b) VOL TO HIGH-Z Figure 2. Load Circuits for DOUT Disable Time CS tCSW tCSS tCL tCH tCSH SCLK tCP tDV tDO tTR DOUT Figure 3. Detailed Serial Interface Timing ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 9 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown AIN VREF 4.7µF AIN CS REF SCLK DOUT CS SCLK DOUT AVDD MAX11101 +5V 0.1µF +5V DVDD The ADC’s input tracking circuitry has a 4MHz smallsignal bandwidth, so it is possible to digitize high-speed transient events and measure periodic signals with bandwidths exceeding the ADC’s sampling rate by using undersampling techniques. To avoid aliasing of unwanted high-frequency signals into the frequency band of interest, use anti-alias filtering. GND Figure 4. Typical Operating Circuit AIN CSWITCH 3pF TRACK Analog Input Protection REF CAPACITIVE DAC CDAC 32pF HOLD To improve the input signal bandwidth under AC conditions, drive AIN with a wideband buffer (> 4MHz) that can drive the ADC’s input capacitance and settle quickly. Input Bandwidth AGND DGND 0.1µF where RIN = 800I, RS = the input signal’s source impedance, and tACQ is never less than 1.1Fs. A source impedance less than 1kI does not significantly affect the ADC’s performance. GND HOLD Internal protection diodes, which clamp the analog input to AVDD and/or AGND, allow the input to swing from VAGND 0.3V to VAVDD + 0.3V, without damaging the device. ZERO RIN 800Ω If the analog input exceeds 300mV beyond the supplies, limit the input current to 10mA. TRACK AUTOZERO RAIL Figure 5. Equivalent Input Circuit During the acquisition, the analog input (AIN) charges capacitor CDAC. The acquisition interval ends on the falling edge of the sixth clock cycle (Figure 6). At this instant, the T/H switches open. The retained charge on CDAC represents a sample of the input. In hold mode, the capacitive digital-to-analog converter (DAC) adjusts during the remainder of the conversion cycle to restore node ZERO to zero within the limits of 14-bit resolution. At the end of the conversion, force CS high and then low to reset the input side of the CDAC switches back to AIN, and charge CDAC to the input signal again. The time required for the T/H to acquire an input signal is a function of how quickly its input capacitance is charged. If the input signal’s source impedance is high, the acquisition time lengthens and more time must be allowed between conversions. The acquisition time (tACQ) is the maximum time the device takes to acquire the signal. Use the following formula to calculate acquisition time: tACQ = 11(RS + RIN) x 35pF Digital Interface Initialization After Power-Up and Starting a Conversion The digital interface consists of two inputs, SCLK and CS, and one output, DOUT. A logic-high on CS places the MAX11101 in shutdown (autoshutdown) and places DOUT in a high-impedance state. A logic-low on CS places the MAX11101 in the fully powered mode. To start a conversion, pull CS low. A falling edge on CS initiates an acquisition. SCLK drives the A/D conversion and shifts out the conversion results (MSB first) at DOUT. Timing and Control Conversion-start and data-read operations are controlled by the CS and SCLK digital inputs (Figure 6 and Figure 7). Ensure that the duty cycle on SCLK is between 40% and 60% at 4.8MHz (the maximum clock frequency). For lower clock frequencies, ensure that the minimum high and low times are at least 65ns. Conversions with SCLK rates less than 100kHz may result in reduced accuracy due to leakage. Note: Coupling between SCLK and the analog inputs (AIN and REF) may result in an offset. Variations in frequency, duty cycle, or other aspects of the clock signal’s shape result in changing offset. ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 10 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown CS SCLK tCSS 1 4 tCH DOUT tDN tCL tACQ 6 8 16 12 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 24 20 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 tDO D0 S1 S0 tCSH tTR Figure 6. External Timing Diagram COMPLETE CONVERSION SEQUENCE CS DOUT CONVERSION 0 POWERED UP CONVERSION 1 POWERED DOWN POWERED UP Figure 7. Shutdown Sequence A CS falling edge initiates an acquisition sequence. The analog input is stored in the capacitive DAC, DOUT changes from high impedance to logic-low, and the ADC begins to convert after the sixth clock cycle. SCLK drives the conversion process and shifts out the conversion result on DOUT. SCLK begins shifting out the data (MSB first) after the falling edge of the 8th SCLK pulse. Twenty-four falling clock edges are needed to shift out the eight leading zeros, 14 data bits, and 2 sub-bits (S1 and S0). Extra clock pulses occurring after the conversion result has been clocked out, and prior to the rising edge of CS, produce trailing zeros at DOUT and have no effect on the converter operation. Force CS high after reading the conversion’s LSB to reset the internal registers and place the MAX11101 in shutdown. For maximum throughput, force CS low again to initiate the next conversion immediately after the specified minimum time (tCSW). Note: Forcing CS high in the middle of a conversion immediately aborts the conversion and places the MAX11101 in shutdown. ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 11 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown Output Coding and Transfer Function The data output from the MAX11101 is binary and Figure 8 depicts the nominal transfer function. Code transitions occur halfway between successive-integer LSB values (VREF = 4.096V and 1 LSB = 250FV or 4.096V/16384). Applications Information External Reference The MAX11101 requires an external reference with a voltage range between 3.8V and AVDD. Connect the external reference directly to REF. Bypass REF to AGND with a 4.7FF capacitor. When not using a low-ESR bypass capacitor, use a 0.1FF ceramic capacitor in parallel with the 4.7FF capacitor. Noise on the reference degrades conversion accuracy. The input impedance at REF is 40I for DC currents. During a conversion, the external reference at REF must deliver 100FA of DC load current and have an output impedance of 10I or less. For optimal performance, buffer the reference through an op amp and bypass the REF input. Consider the MAX11101’s equivalent input noise (80FVRMS) when choosing a reference. OUTPUT CODE FULL-SCALE TRANSITION 11 . . . 111 11 . . . 101 FS = VREF VREF 16384 1LSB = 00 . . . 010 00 . . . 001 00 . . . 000 0 1 2 3 INPUT VOLTAGE (LSB) At the beginning of the acquisition, the internal sampling capacitor array connects to AIN (the amplifier output), causing some output disturbance. Ensure that the sampled voltage has settled before the end of the acquisition time. Digital Noise Digital noise can couple to AIN and REF. The conversion clock (SCLK) and other digital signals active during input acquisition contribute noise to the conversion result. Noise signals synchronous with the sampling interval result in an effective input offset. Asynchronous signals produce random noise on the input, whose high-frequency components may be aliased into the frequency band of interest. Minimize noise by presenting a low impedance (at the frequencies contained in the noise signal) at the inputs. This requires bypassing AIN to AGND, or buffering the input with an amplifier that has a small-signal bandwidth of several MHz, or preferably both. AIN has about 4MHz of bandwidth. Distortion 11 . . . 110 00 . . . 011 Input Buffer Most applications require an input buffer amplifier to achieve 14-bit accuracy. If the input signal is multiplexed, switch the input channel immediately after acquisition, rather than near the end of or after a conversion (Figure 9). This allows the maximum time for the input buffer amplifier to respond to a large step change in the input signal. The input amplifier must have a slew rate of at least 2V/Fs to complete the required output voltage change before the beginning of the acquisition time. FS FS - 3/2 LSB Figure 8. Unipolar Transfer Function, Full Scale (FS) = VREF, Zero Scale (ZS) = GND Avoid degrading dynamic performance by choosing an amplifier with distortion much less than the MAX11101’s total harmonic distortion (THD = -99dB at 1kHz) at frequencies of interest. If the chosen amplifier has insufficient common-mode rejection, which results in degraded THD performance, use the inverting configuration (positive input grounded) to eliminate errors from this source. Low temperature-coefficient, gain-setting resistors reduce linearity errors caused by resistance changes due to self-heating. To reduce linearity errors due to finite amplifier gain, use amplifier circuits with sufficient loop gain at the frequencies of interest. DC Accuracy To improve DC accuracy, choose a buffer with an offset much less than the MAX11101’s offset (1mV (max) for +5V supply), or whose offset can be trimmed while maintaining stability over the required temperature range. ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 12 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown IN1 IN2 A0 A1 4-TO-1 MUX MAX11101 IN3 AIN OUT IN4 CS CLK ACQUISITION CONVERSION CS A0 A1 CHANGE MUX INPUT HERE Figure 9. Change Multiplexer Input Near Beginning of Conversion to Allow Time for Slewing and Settling Serial Interfaces The MAX11101’s interface is fully compatible with SPI, QSPI, and MICROWIRE standard serial interfaces. If a serial interface is available, establish the CPU’s serial interface as master, so that the CPU generates the serial clock for the MAX11101. Select a clock frequency between 100kHz and 4.8MHz: Observe the SCLK to DOUT valid timing characteristic. Clock data into the FP on SCLK’s rising edge. 3)Pull CS high at or after the 24th falling clock edge. If CS remains low, trailing zeros are clocked out after the 2 sub-bits, S1 and S0. 1) Use a general-purpose I/O line on the CPU to pull CS low. 4)With CS high, wait at least 50ns (tCSW) before starting a new conversion by pulling CS low. A conversion can be aborted by pulling CS high before the conversion ends. Wait at least 50ns before starting a new conversion. 2) Activate SCLK for a minimum of 24 clock cycles. The serial data stream of eight leading zeros followed by the MSB of the conversion result begins at the falling edge of CS. DOUT transitions on SCLK’s falling edge and the output is available in MSB-first format. Data can be output in three 8-bit sequences or continuously. The bytes contain the results of the conversion padded with eight leading zeros before the MSB. If the serial clock has not been idled after the sub-bits (S1 and S0) and CS has been kept low, DOUT sends trailing zeros. ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 13 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown SPI and MICROWIRE Interfaces When using the SPI (Figure 10a) or MICROWIRE (Figure 10b) interfaces, set CPOL = 0 and CPHA = 0. Conversion begins with a falling edge on CS (Figure 10c). Three consecutive 8-bit readings are necessary to obtain the entire 14-bit result from the ADC. DOUT data transitions on the serial clock’s falling edge. The first 8-bit data stream contains all leading zeros. The second 8-bit data stream contains the MSB through D6. The third 8-bit data stream contains D5 through D0 followed by S1 and S0. CS I/O SCK SCLK MISO DOUT VDD SPI MAX11101 SS Figure 10a. SPI Connections MICROWIRE I/O CS SK SCLK SI DOUT MAX11101 Figure 10b. MICROWIRE Connections 1ST BYTE READ 1 SCLK 2ND BYTE READ 4 6 12 8 16 CS DOUT* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 MSB *WHEN CS IS HIGH, DOUT = HIGH-Z 3RD BYTE READ 20 D5 D4 D3 D2 24 D1 D0 S1 S0 HIGH-Z LSB Figure 10c. SPI/MICROWIRE Interface Timing Sequence (CPOL = CPHA =0) ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 14 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown CS CS SCK SCLK MISO DOUT VDD QSPI MAX11101 SS Figure 11a. QSPI Connections 1 SCLK CS 4 6 8 END OF ACQUISITION DOUT* D13 D12 D11 D10 MSB *WHEN CS IS HIGH, DOUT = HIGH-Z 16 12 D9 D8 D7 D6 24 20 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 S1 S0 HIGH-Z LSB Figure 11b. QSPI Interface Timing Sequence (CPOL = CPHA = 0) VDD VDD SCLK SCK DOUT SDI CS I/O PIC16/17 MAX11101 GND Figure 12a. SPI Interface Connection for a PIC16/PIC17 QSPI Interface Using the high-speed QSPI interface with CPOL = 0 and CPHA = 0, the MAX11101 supports a maximum fSCLK of 4.8MHz. Figure 11a shows the MAX11101 connected to a QSPI master and Figure 11b shows the associated interface timing. PIC16 with SSP Module and PIC17 Interface The MAX11101 is compatible with a PIC16/PIC17 microcontroller (FC) using the synchronous serial-port (SSP) module. To establish SPI communication, connect the controller as shown in Figure 12a. Configure the PIC16/PIC17 as system master, by initializing its synchronous serial-port control register (SSPCON) and synchronous serial-port status register (SSPSTAT) to the bit patterns shown in Table 1 and Table 2. In SPI mode, the PIC16/PIC17 FC allows 8 bits of data to be synchronously transmitted and received simultaneously. Three consecutive 8-bit readings (Figure 12b) are necessary to obtain the entire 14-bit result from the ADC. DOUT data transitions on the serial clock’s falling edge and is clocked into the FC on SCLK’s rising edge. The first 8-bit data stream contains all zeros. The second 8-bit data stream contains the MSB through D6. The third 8-bit data stream contains bits D5 through D0 followed by S1 and S0. ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 15 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown 1ST BYTE READ 2ND BYTE READ 12 SCLK 16 CS 0 DOUT* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 MSB *WHEN CS IS HIGH, DOUT = HIGH-Z 3RD BYTE READ 20 D5 D4 D3 D2 24 D1 D0 S1 S0 HIGH-Z LSB Figure 12b. SPI Interface Timing with PIC16/PIC17 in Master Mode (CKE = 1, CKP = 0, SMP = 0, SSPM3 - SSPM0 =0001) Table 1. Detailed SSPCON Register Contents MAX11101 SETTINGS CONTROL BIT SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL-PORT CONTROL REGISTER (SSPCON) WCOL BIT 7 X Write Collision Detection Bit SSPOV BIT 6 X Receive Overflow Detect Bit SSPEN BIT 5 1 Synchronous Serial-Port Enable Bit: 0: Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins. 1: Enables serial port and configures SCK, SDO, and SCI pins as serial port pins. CKP BIT 4 0 Clock Polarity Select Bit. CKP = 0 for SPI master mode selection. SSPM3 BIT 3 0 SSPM2 BIT 2 0 SSPM1 BIT 1 0 SSPM0 BIT 0 1 Synchronous Serial-Port Mode Select Bit. Sets SPI master mode and selects fCLK = fOSC/16 Table 2. Detailed SSPSTAT Register Contents MAX11101 SETTINGS CONTROL BIT SMP BIT 7 CKE D/A SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL-PORT CONTROL REGISTER (SSPSTAT) 0 SPI Data Input Sample Phase. Input data is sampled at the middle of the data output time. BIT 6 1 SPI Clock Edge Select Bit. Data will be transmitted on the rising edge of the serial clock. BIT 5 X Data Address Bit P BIT 4 X STOP Bit S BIT 3 X START Bit R/W BIT 2 X Read/Write Bit Information UA BIT 1 X Update Address BF BIT 0 X Buffer Full Status Bit ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 16 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown Definitions Integral Nonlinearity Integral nonlinearity (INL) is the deviation of the values on an actual transfer function from a straight line. This straight line can be either a best-fit straight line fit or a line drawn between the end points of the transfer function, once offset and gain errors have been nullified. The static linearity parameters for the MAX11101 are measured using the endpoint method. Effective Number of Bits Effective number of bits (ENOB) indicate the global accuracy of an ADC at a specific input frequency and sampling rate. An ideal ADC error consists of quantization noise only. With an input range equal to the full-scale range of the ADC, calculate the effective number of bits as follows: ENOB = (SINAD – 1.76)/6.02 Figure 13 shows the effective number of bits as a function of the MAX11101’s input frequency. Differential Nonlinearity Differential nonlinearity (DNL) is the difference between an actual step width and the ideal value of 1 LSB. A DNL error specification of 1 LSB guarantees no missing codes and a monotonic transfer function. Aperture Definitions Aperture jitter (tAJ) is the sample-to-sample variation in the time between samples. Aperture delay (tAD) is the time between the falling edge of the sampling clock and the instant when the actual sample is taken. Total Harmonic Distortion Total harmonic distortion (THD) is the ratio of the RMS sum of the first five harmonics of the input signal to the fundamental itself. This is expressed as: V 2 + V3 2 + V4 2 + V5 2 THD = 20 × log 2 V1 where V1 is the fundamental amplitude and V2 through V5 are the 2nd- through 5th-order harmonics. Signal-to-Noise Ratio Spurious-Free Dynamic Range Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is the ratio of the RMS amplitude of the fundamental (maximum signal component) to the RMS value of the next largest frequency component. 14 SNR = (6.02 x N + 1.76)dB Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion Signal-to-noise plus distortion (SINAD) is the ratio of the fundamental input frequency’s RMS amplitude to the RMS equivalent of all the other ADC output signals. SignalRMS SINAD(dB) = 20 × log (Noise + Distortion) RMS 12 EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS In reality, there are other noise sources besides quantization noise: thermal noise, reference noise, clock jitter, etc. SNR is computed by taking the ratio of the RMS signal to the RMS noise, which includes all spectral components minus the fundamental, the first five harmonics, and the DC offset. MAX11101 Fig13 For a waveform perfectly reconstructed from digital samples, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the ratio of the full-scale analog input (RMS value) to the RMS quantization error (residual error). The ideal, theoretical minimum analog-to-digital noise is caused by quantization noise error only and results directly from the ADCs resolution (N bits): 10 8 6 4 2 fSAMPLE = 200kHz 0 0.1 1 10 100 INPUT FREQUENCY (kHz) Figure 13. Effective Number of Bits vs. Input Frequency ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 17 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown Supplies, Layout, Grounding and Bypassing Use PCBs with separate analog and digital ground planes. Do not use wire-wrap boards. Connect the two ground planes together at the MAX11101. Isolate the digital supply from the analog with a low-value resistor (10I) or ferrite bead when the analog and digital supplies come from the same source (Figure 14). Ordering Information PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX11101EUB+ -40NC to +85NC 10 FMAX MAX11101EWC+ -40NC to +85NC 12 WLP +Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package. Constraints on sequencing the power supplies and inputs are as follows: U Apply AGND before DGND. U Apply AIN and REF after AVDD and AGND are present. Chip Information PROCESS: BiCMOS Package Information U DVDD is independent of the supply sequencing. Ensure that digital return currents do not pass through the analog ground and that return-current paths are low impedance. A 5mA current flowing through a PCB ground trace impedance of only 0.05I creates an error voltage of about 250FV, 1 LSB error with a 4V full-scale system. The board layout should ensure that digital and analog signal lines are kept separate. Do not run analog and digital (especially the SCLK and DOUT) lines parallel to one another. If one must cross another, do so at right angles. The ADCs high-speed comparator is sensitive to highfrequency noise on the AVDD power supply. Bypass an excessively noisy supply to the analog ground plane with a 0.1FF capacitor in parallel with a 1FF to 10FF low-ESR capacitor. Keep capacitor leads short for best supplynoise rejection. AIN VREF 4.7µF AIN CS REF SCLK DOUT For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE OUTLINE NO. LAND PATTERN NO. 10 FMAX U10+2 21-0061 90-0330 12 WLP W121A2+1 21-0009 Refer to Application Note 1891 CS SCLK DOUT AVDD MAX11101 +5V 10Ω 0.1µF DVDD 0.1µF AGND DGND GND Figure 14. Powering AVDD and DVDD from a Single Supply ���������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 18 MAX11101 14-Bit, +5V, 200ksps ADC with 10µA Shutdown Revision History REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE 0 9/11 Initial release 1 1/12 Revised the Absolute Maximum Ratings and Electrical Characteristics. DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED — 2–4 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2012 Maxim Integrated Products 19 Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.