LTC5800-IPM SmartMesh IP Node 2.4GHz 802.15.4e Wireless Mote-on-Chip Network Features Description Complete Radio Transceiver, Embedded Processor, and Networking Software for Forming a Self-Healing Mesh Network nn SmartMesh® Networks Incorporate: nn Time Synchronized Network-Wide Scheduling nn Per Transmission Frequency Hopping nn Redundant Spatially Diverse Topologies nn Network-Wide Reliability and Power Optimization nn NIST Certified Security nn SmartMesh Networks Deliver nn >99.999% Network Reliability Achieved in the Most Challenging RF Environments nn Sub 50µA Routing Nodes nn Compliant to 6LoWPAN Internet Protocol (IP) and IEEE 802.15.4e Standards SmartMesh IP™ wireless sensor networks are self managing, low power internet protocol (IP) networks built from wireless nodes called motes. The LTC®5800-IPM is the IP mote product in the Eterna®* family of IEEE 802.15.4e System-on-Chip (SoC) solutions, featuring a highlyintegrated, low power radio design by Dust Networks® as well as an ARM Cortex-M3 32-bit microprocessor running Dust’s embedded SmartMesh IP networking software. nn LTC5800-IPM Features Industry-Leading Low Power Radio Technology 4.5mA to Receive a Packet nn 9.7mA to Transmit at 8dBm nn PCB Module Versions Available (LTP5901/ LTP5902-IPM) with RF Modular Certifications nn 2.4GHz, IEEE 802.15.4e System-on-Chip nn 72-Pin 10mm × 10mm QFN Package nn Micrium µCOS-II Real Time Operating System based On-Chip Software Development Kit nn nn The LTC5800-IPM SoC features an on-chip power amplifier (PA) and transceiver, requiring only power supply decoupling, crystals, and antenna with matching circuitry to create a complete wireless node. With Dust’s time-synchronized SmartMesh IP networks, all motes in the network may route, source or terminate data, while providing many years of battery powered operation. The SmartMesh IP software provided with the LTC5800-IPM is fully tested and validated, and is readily configured via a software Application Programming Interface. SmartMesh IP motes deliver a highly flexible network with proven reliability and low power performance in an easy-to-integrate platform. L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology, the Linear logo, Dust, Dust Networks, SmartMesh and Eterna are registered trademarks and LTP, the Dust Networks logo, SmartMesh IP and Moteon-Chip are trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Protected by U.S. Patents, including 7375594, 7420980, 7529217, 7791419, 7881239, 7898322, 8222965. * Eterna is Dust Networks’ low power radio SoC architecture. Typical Application 20MHz LTC5800-IPM ANTENNA 20MHz LTC5800-IPR ANTENNA IN+ LTC2379-18 SPI SENSOR µCONTROLLER UART UART IN– HOST APPLICATION 32kHz 32kHz 5800IPM TA01 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 1 LTC5800-IPM Table of Contents Network Features........................................... 1 LTC5800-IPM Features..................................... 1 Typical Application ......................................... 1 Description.................................................. 1 SmartMesh Network Overview............................ 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................... 4 Order Information........................................... 4 Pin Configuration........................................... 4 Recommended Operating Conditions.................... 5 DC Characteristics.......................................... 5 Radio Specifications....................................... 5 Radio Receiver Characteristics........................... 6 Radio Transmitter Characteristics........................ 6 Digital I/O Characteristics................................. 7 Temperature Sensor Characteristics..................... 7 Analog Input Chain Characteristics...................... 7 System Characteristics.................................... 8 UART AC Characteristics................................... 8 TIMEn AC Characteristics.................................. 9 Radio_Inhibit AC Characteristics........................ 10 Flash AC Characteristics.................................. 10 Flash SPI Slave AC Characteristics..................... 11 SPI Master AC Characteristics........................... 12 I2C AC Characteristics..................................... 13 Typical Performance Characteristics................... 15 Pin Functions............................................... 20 2 Operation................................................... 26 Power Supply...........................................................26 Supply Monitoring and Reset.................................. 27 Precision Timing...................................................... 27 Application Time Synchronization........................... 27 Time References...................................................... 27 Radio....................................................................... 28 UARTs...................................................................... 28 Autonomous MAC....................................................29 Security...................................................................29 Temperature Sensor................................................30 Radio Inhibit............................................................30 Flash Programming.................................................30 FLASH Data Retention.............................................30 State Diagram..........................................................30 SPI Master............................................................... 32 I2C Master...............................................................33 1-Wire Master..........................................................33 Applications Information................................. 33 Modes of Operation.................................................33 Slave Mode..............................................................33 Master Mode...........................................................33 On-Chip SDK (OCSDK)............................................33 Regulatory and Standards Compliance....................34 Soldering Information..............................................34 Related Documentation................................... 35 Package Description...................................... 36 Revision History........................................... 37 Typical Application........................................ 38 Related Parts............................................... 38 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM SmartMesh Network Overview A SmartMesh network consists of a self-forming multi-hop mesh of nodes, known as motes, which collect and relay data, and a network manager that monitors and manages network performance and security, and exchanges data with a host application. SmartMesh networks communicate using a time slotted channel hopping (TSCH) link layer, pioneered by Dust Networks. In a TSCH network, all motes in the network are synchronized to within less than a millisecond. Time in the network is organized into time slots, which enables collision-free packet exchange and per-transmission channel-hopping. In a SmartMesh network, every device has one or more parents (e.g. mote 3 has motes 1 and 2 as parents) that provide redundant paths to overcome communications interruption due to interference, physical obstruction or multi-path fading. If a packet transmission fails on one path, the next retransmission may try on a different path and different RF channel. The Network Manager uses health reports to continually optimize the network to maintain >99.999% data reliability even in the most challenging RF environments. The use of TSCH allows SmartMesh devices to sleep in between scheduled communications and draw very little power in this state. Motes are only active in time slots where they are scheduled to transmit or receive, typically resulting in a duty cycle of < 1%. The optimization software in the Network Manager coordinates this schedule automatically. When combined with the Eterna low power radio, every mote in a SmartMesh network—even busy routing ones—can run on batteries for years. By default, all motes in a network are capable of routing traffic from other motes, which simplifies installation by avoiding the complexity of having distinct routers vs non-routing end nodes. Motes may be configured as non-routing to further reduce that particular mote’s power consumption and to support a wide variety of network topologies. A network begins to form when the network manager instructs its on-board Access Point (AP) radio to begin sending advertisements—packets that contain information that enables a device to synchronize to the network and request to join. This message exchange is part of the security handshake that establishes encrypted communications between the manager or application, and mote. Once motes have joined the network, they maintain synchronization through time corrections when a packet is acknowledged. ALL NODES ARE ROUTERS. THEY CAN TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE. THIS NEW NODE CAN JOIN ANYWHERE BECAUSE ALL NODES CAN ROUTE. HOST APPLICATION SNO 02 NETWORK MANAGER AP Mote 1 Mote 2 Mote 3 SNO 01 An ongoing discovery process ensures that the network continually discovers new paths as the RF conditions change. In addition, each mote in the network tracks performance statistics (e.g. quality of used paths, and lists of potential paths) and periodically sends that information to the network manager in packets called health reports. At the heart of SmartMesh motes and network managers is the Eterna IEEE 802.15.4e System-on-Chip (SoC), featuring Dust Networks’ highly integrated, low power radio design, plus an ARM Cortex-M3 32-bit microprocessor running SmartMesh networking software. The SmartMesh networking software comes fully compiled yet is configurable via a rich set of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) which allows a host application to interact with the network, e.g. to transfer information to a device, to configure data publishing rates on one or more motes, or to monitor network state or performance metrics. Data publishing can be uniform or different for each device, with motes being able to publish infrequently or faster than once per second as needed. 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 3 LTC5800-IPM Absolute Maximum Ratings Pin Configuration (Note 1) Pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software. RADIO_INHIBIT 1 CAP_PA_1P 2 CAP_PA_1M 3 CAP_PA_2M 4 CAP_PA_2P 5 CAP_PA_3P 6 CAP_PA_3M 7 CAP_PA_4M 8 CAP_PA_4P 9 VDDPA 10 LNA_EN / GPIO17 11 RADIO_TX / GPIO18 12 RADIO_TXn / GPIO19 13 ANTENNA 14 AI_0 15 AI_1 16 AI_3 17 AI_2 18 EXPOSED PAD (GND) 54 VPP 53 SPIS_SSn / SDA 52 SPIS_SCK / SCL 51 SPIS_MOSI / GPIO26 / UARTC1_RX 50 SPIS_MISO / 1_WIRE / UARTC1_TX 49 PWM0 / GPIO16 48 DP1 (GPIO20) / TIMER16_IN 47 SPIM_SS_0n / GPIO12 46 SPIM_SS_1n / GPIO13 45 IPCS_SSn / GPIO3 44 IPCS_SCK / GPIO4 43 SPIM_SCK / GPIO9 42 IPCS_MOSI / GPIO5 41 SPIM_MOSI / GPIO10 40 IPCS_MISO / GPIO6 39 SPIM_MISO / GPIO11 38 UARTCO_RX 37 UARTCO_TX OSC_32K_XOUT 19 OSC_32K_XIN 20 VBGAP 21 RESETn 22 TDI 23 TDO 24 TMS 25 TCK 26 DP4 (GPIO23) 27 OSC_20M_XIN 28 OSC_20M_XOUT 29 VDDA 30 VCORE 31 VOSC 32 DP3 (GPIO22) / TIMER8_IN 33 DP2 (GPIO21) / LPTIMER_IN 34 SLEEPn / GPIO14 35 DP0 (GPIO0) / SPIM_SS_2n 36 CAUTION: This part is sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). It is very important that proper ESD precautions be observed when handling the LTC5800-IPM. TOP VIEW 72 TIMEn 71 UART_TX 70 UART_TX_CTSn 69 UART_TX_RTSn 68 UART_RX 67 UART_RX_CTSn 66 UART_RX_RTSn 65 VSUPPLY 64 CAP_PRIME_1P 63 CAP_PRIME_1M 62 CAP_PRIME_2M 61 CAP_PRIME_2P 60 CAP_PRIME_3P 59 CAP_PRIME_3M 58 CAP_PRIME_4M 57 CAP_PRIME_4P 56 VPRIME 55 FLASH_P_ENn Supply Voltage on VSUPPLY...................................4.20V Input Voltage on AI_0/1/2/3 Inputs.........................1.80V Voltage on Any Digital I/O Pin....–0.3V to VSUPPLY + 0.3V Input RF Level.......................................................10dBm Storage Temperature Range (Note 3)...... –55°C to 125°C Junction Temperature (Note 3).............................. 125°C Operating Temperature Range LTC5800I..............................................–40°C to 85°C LTC5800H........................................... –55°C to 105°C WR PACKAGE 72-LEAD PLASTIC QFN TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 21°C/W, θJCbottom = 0.6°C/W EXPOSED PAD IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB Order Information LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE LTC5800IWR-IPMA#PBF LTC5800IWR-IPMA#PBF LTC5800WR-IPMA 72-Lead (10mm × 10mm × 0.85mm) Plastic QFN –40°C to 85°C LTC5800HWR-IPMA#PBF LTC5800HWR-IPMA#PBF LTC5800WR-IPMA 72-Lead (10mm × 10mm × 0.85mm) Plastic QFN –55°C to 105°C *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ This product is only offered in trays. For more information go to: http://www.linear.com/packaging/. Some packages are available in 500 unit reels through designated sales channels with #TRMPBF suffix. 4 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Recommended Operating Conditions The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP VSUPPLY Supply Voltage Including Noise and Load Regulation l Supply Noise Requires Recommended RLC Filter, 50Hz to 2MHz l 250 mV Operating Relative Humidity Non-condensing l 10 90 % RH Temperature Ramp Rate While Operating in Network l –8 +8 °C/min 2.1 MAX UNITS 3.76 V DC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. OPERATION/STATE CONDITIONS Reset After Power-on Reset 1.2 µA Power-on Reset During Power-on Reset, Maximum 750µs + VSUPPLY Rise Time from 1V to 1.9V 12 mA Doze RAM on, ARM Cortex-M3, Flash, Radio, and Peripherals Off, All Data and State Retained, 32.768kHz Reference Active 1.2 µA Deep Sleep RAM on, ARM Cortex-M3, Flash, Radio, and Peripherals Off, All Data and State Retained, 32.768kHz Reference Inactive 0.8 µA In-Circuit Programming RESETn and FLASH_P_ENn Asserted, IPCS_SCK @ 8MHz 20 mA Peak Operating Current +8dBm +0dBm System Operating at 14.7MHz, Radio Transmitting, During Flash Write. Maximum duration 4.33 ms. 30 26 mA mA Active ARM Cortex M3, RAM and Flash Operating, Radio and All Other Peripherals Off. Clock Frequency of CPU and Peripherals Set to 7.3728MHz, VCORE = 1.2V 1.3 mA Flash Write Single Bank Flash Write 3.7 mA 2.5 mA 5.4 5.6 9.7 9.9 mA mA mA mA 4.5 4.7 mA mA Flash Erase Single Bank Page or Mass Erase Radio Tx +0dBm (LTC5800I) +0dBm (LTC5800H) +8dBm (LTC5800I) +8dBm (LTC5800H) Current With Autonomous MAC Managing Radio Operation, CPU Inactive. Clock Frequency of CPU and Peripherals Set to 7.3728MHz. Radio Rx LTC5800I LTC5800H Current With Autonomous MAC Managing Radio Operation, CPU Inactive. Clock Frequency of CPU and Peripherals Set to 7.3728MHz. MIN TYP MAX UNITS Radio Specifications The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN Frequency Band l Number of Channels l Channel Separation Channel Center Frequency Where k = 11 to 25, as Defined by IEEE.802.15.4 Raw Data Rate HBM Per JEDEC JESD22-A114F Range (Note 4) Indoor Outdoor Free Space 25°C, 50% RH, +2dBi Omni-Directional Antenna, Antenna 2m Above Ground MAX 2.4835 UNITS GHz 15 l 5 MHz l 2405 + 5•(k-11) MHz 250 kbps l Antenna Pin ESD Protection TYP 2.4000 ±1000 V 100 300 1200 m m m 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 5 LTC5800-IPM Radio Receiver Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS Receiver Sensitivity Packet Error Rate (PER) = 1% (Note 5) MIN –93 dBm Receiver Sensitivity PER = 50% –95 dBm Saturation Maximum Input Level the Receiver Will Properly Receive Packets 0 dBm Adjacent Channel Rejection (High Side) Desired Signal at -82dBm, Adjacent Modulated Channel 5MHz Above the Desired Signal, PER = 1% (Note 5) 22 dBc Adjacent Channel Rejection (Low Side) Desired Signal at –82dBm, Adjacent Modulated Channel 5MHz Below the Desired Signal, PER = 1% (Note 5) 19 dBc Alternate Channel Rejection (High Side) Desired Signal at –82dBm, Alternate Modulated Channel 10MHz Above the Desired Signal, PER = 1% (Note 5) 40 dBc Alternate Channel Rejection (Low Side) Desired Signal at –82dBm, Alternate Modulated Channel 10MHz Below the Desired Signal, PER = 1% (Note 5) 36 dBc Second Alternate Channel Rejection Desired Signal at –82dBm, Second Alternate Modulated Channel Either 15MHz Above or Below, PER = 1% (Note 5) 42 dBc Co-Channel Rejection Desired Signal at –82dBm, Undesired Signal is an 802.15.4 Modulated Signal at the Same Frequency, PER = 1% –6 dBc –55 dBm Frequency Error Tolerance (Note 6) ±50 ppm Symbol Error Tolerance ±50 ppm –90 to –10 dBm LO Feed Through Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) Input Range TYP MAX UNITS RSSI Accuracy ±6 dB RSSI Resolution 1 dB Radio Transmitter Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS Output Power High Calibrated Setting Low Calibrated Setting Delivered to a 50Ω load Spurious Emissions Conducted Measurement with a 50Ω Single-Ended Load, +8dBm Output Power. All Measurements Made with Max Hold. RF Implementation Per Eterna Reference Design 30MHz to 1000MHz 1GHz to 12.75GHz 2.4GHz ISM Upper Band Edge (Peak) 2.4GHz ISM Upper Band Edge (Average) 2.4GHz ISM Lower Band Edge Harmonic Emissions 2nd Harmonic 3rd Harmonic 6 MIN TYP MAX UNITS 8 0 dBm dBm RBW = 120kHz, VBW = 100Hz RBW = 1MHz, VBW = 3MHz RBW = 1MHz, VBW = 3MHz RBW = 1MHz, VBW = 10Hz RBW = 100kHz, VBW = 100kHz <–70 –45 –37 –49 –45 dBm dBm dBm dBm dBc Conducted Measurement Delivered to a 50Ω Load, Resolution Bandwidth = 1MHz, Video Bandwidth = 1MHz, RF Implementation Per Eterna Reference Design –50 –45 dBm dBm 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Digital I/O Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER VIL Low Level Input Voltage VIH High Level Input Voltage VOL VOH CONDITIONS (Note 7) MIN TYP MAX UNITS l –0.3 0.6 V (Note 8) l VSUPPLY – 0.3 VSUPPLY + 0.3 V Low Level Output Voltage Type 1, IOL(MAX) = 1.2mA l 0.4 V Low Level Output Voltage Type 2, Low Drive, IOL(MAX) = 2.2mA l 0.4 V Low Level Output Voltage Type 2, High Drive, IOL(MAX) = 4.5mA l 0.4 V High Level Output Voltage Type 1, IOH(MAX) = –0.8mA l VSUPPLY – 0.3 VSUPPLY + 0.3 V High Level Output Voltage Type 2, Low Drive, IOH(MAX) = –1.6mA l VSUPPLY – 0.3 VSUPPLY + 0.3 V High Level Output Voltage Type 2, High Drive, IOH(MAX) = –3.2mA l VSUPPLY – 0.3 VSUPPLY + 0.3 V Input Leakage Current Input Driven to VSUPPLY or GND 50 Pull-Up/Pull-Down Resistance nA 50 kΩ Temperature Sensor Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN Offset Temperature Offset Error at 25°C Slope Error TYP MAX UNITS ±0.25 °C ±0.033 °C/°C Analog Input Chain Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS Variable Gain Amplifier Gain Gain Error DNL DNL INL TYP 1 Offset-Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Full-Scale Resolution Differential Non-Linearity Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) Full-Scale, Signal Resolution Offset Differential Non-Linearity Integral Non-Linearity Settling Time Conversion Time Current Consumption MIN 8 2 1.80 4 Mid-Scale 1.80 1.8 1.4 10kΩ Source Impedance 40 Analog Inputs (Note 8) Load Series Input Resistance MAX 20 1 2.7 12 1 1 10 20 UNITS % V Bits mV V mV LSB LSB LSB µs µs µA pF kΩ 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 7 LTC5800-IPM System Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN Doze to Active State Transition Doze to Radio Tx or Rx QCCA Charge to Sample RF Channel RSSI Charge Consumed Starting from Doze State and Completing an RSSI Measurement QMAX Largest Atomic Charge Operation Flash Erase, 21ms Max Duration RESETn Pulse Width TYP UNITS µs 1.2 ms 4 µC 200 l l MAX 5 125 µC µs UART AC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS Permitted RX Baud Rate Error Both Application Programming Interface (API) and Command Line Interface (CLI) UARTs l MIN –2 TYP MAX 2 UNITS % Generated TX Baud Rate Error Both API and CLI UARTs l –1 1 % tRX_RTS to RX_CTS Assertion of UART_RX_RTSn to Assertion of UART_RX_CTSn, or Negation of UART_ RX_RTSn to Negation of UART_RX_CTSn l 0 2 ms tRX_CTS to RX Assertion of UART_RX_CTSn to Start of Byte l 0 20 ms tEOP to RX_RTS End of Packet (End of the Last Stop Bit) to Negation of UART_RX_RTSn l 0 22 ms tBEG_TX_RTS to TX_CTS Assertion of UART_TX_RTSn to Assertion of UART_TX_CTSn l 0 22 ms tEND_TX_RTS to TX_CTS Negation of UART_TX_RTSn to Negation of UART_TX_CTSn Mode 2 Only 22 ms tEND_TX_CTS to TX_RTS Negation of UART_TX_CTSn to Negation of UART_TX_RTSn Mode 4 Only tTX_CTS to TX Assertion of UART_TX_CTSn to Start of Byte l 0 2 Bit Period tEOP to TX_RTS End of Packet (End of the Last Stop Bit) to Negation of UART_TX_RTSn l 0 1 Bit Period tRX_INTERBYTE Receive Inter-Byte Delay l tRX_INTERPACKET Receive Inter-Packet Delay l 20 ms tTX_INTERPACKET Transmit Inter-Packet Delay l 1 Bit Period tTX to TX_CTS Start of Byte to Negation of UART_TX_CTSn l 0 ns 8 2 Bit Period 100 ms 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM UART AC Characteristics tEOP to RX_RTS tRX_INTERPACKET UART_RX_RTSn tRX_RTS to RX_CTS tRX_RTS to RX_CTS UART_RX_CTSn tRX_CTS to RX tRX_INTERBYTE BYTE 0 UART_RX BYTE 1 tEOP to TX_RTS tTX_INTERPACKET UART_TX_RTSn tEND_TX_CTS to TX_RTS tTX_RTS to TX_CTS tEND_TX_RTS to TX_CTS tTX to TX_CTS UART_TX_CTSn tTX_CTS to TX BYTE 0 UART_TX BYTE 1 5800IPM F01 Figure 1. API UART Timing TIMEn AC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL PARAMETER tSTROBE tRESPONSE tTIME_HOLD CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 100 ms TIMEn Signal Strobe Width l 125 Delay from Rising Edge of TIMEn to the Start of Time Packet on API UART l 0 Delay from End of Time Packet on API UART to Falling Edge of Subsequent TIMEn l 0 Timestamp Resolution (Note 10) l 1 µs Network-Wide Time Accuracy (Note 11) l ±5 µs tSTROBE µs ns tTIME_HOLD TIMEn tRESPONSE UART_TX TIME INDICATION PAYLOAD 5800IPM F02 Figure 2. Timestamp Timing 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 9 LTC5800-IPM Radio_Inhibit AC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL PARAMETER tRADIO_OFF Delay from Rising Edge of RADIO_INHIBIT to Radio Disabled CONDITIONS l MIN TYP MAX 20 UNITS ms tRADIO_INHIBIT_STROBE Maximum RADIO_INHIBIT Strobe Width l 2 s tRADIO_INHIBIT_STROBE RADIO_INHIBIT tRADIO_OFF RADIO STATE ACTIVE/OFF OFF ACTIVE/OFF 5800IPM F03 Figure 3. RADIO_INHIBIT Timing Flash AC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL PARAMETER tWRITE Time to Write a 32-Bit Word (Note 12) l 21 µs tPAGE_ERASE Time to Erase a 2kB Page (Note 12) l 21 ms tMASS_ERASE Time to Erase 256kB Flash Bank (Note 12) l 21 ms Data Retention 10 CONDITIONS 25°C 85°C 105°C MIN 100 20 8 TYP MAX UNITS Years Years Years 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Flash SPI Slave AC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL PARAMETER tFP_EN_to_RESET Setup from Assertion of FLASH_P_ENn to Assertion of RESETn CONDITIONS l 0 ns tFP_ENTER Delay from the Assertion RESETn to the First Falling Edge of IPCS_SSn l 125 µs tFP_EXIT Delay from the Completion of the Last Flash SPI Slave Transaction to the Negation of RESETn and FLASH_P_ENn (Note 13) l 10 µs tSSS IPCS_SSn Setup to the Leading Edge of IPCS_SCK l 15 ns tSSH IPCS_SSn Hold from Trailing Edge of IPCS_SCK l 15 ns tCK IPCS_SCK Period l 300 ns tDIS IPCS_MOSI Data Setup l 15 ns tDIH IPCS_MOSI Data Hold l 5 tDOV IPCS_MISO Data Valid l –5 30 ns tOFF IPCS_MISO Data Tri-State from Trailing Edge of IPCS_SSn l 0 30 ns FLASH_P_ENn RESETn MIN TYP MAX UNITS ns tFP_EN_TO_RESET tFP_EXIT tFP_ENTER tSSS tSSH IPCS_SSn tCK IPCS_SCK tDIS tDIH IPCS_MOSI IPCS_MISO tDOV tOFF 5800IPM F04 Figure 4. Flash Programming Interface Timing 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 11 LTC5800-IPM SPI Master AC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL PARAMETER tSSS SPIM_SSXn Setup to the Leading Edge of SPIM_SCK CONDITIONS l tCK-30 MIN TYP MAX UNITS ns tSSH SPIM_SSXn Hold from Trailing Edge of SPIM_SCK l tCK-30 ns tCK SPIM_SCK Period l 268 ns tDIS SPIM_MOSI Data Setup l 30 ns tDIH SPIM_MOSI Data Hold l 5 ns tDOV SPIM_MISO Data Valid l -5 30 ns tOFF SPIM_MISO Data Tri-State from Trailing Edge of SPIM_SSXn l 0 30 ns tSSH tSSS SPIM_SSXn tCK SPIM_SCK CPOL = 0 CPOL = 1 tDIS tDIH SPIM_MISO tDOV tOFF SPIM_MOSI 5800IPM F?? Figure 5. SPI Master Timing - CPHA = 0 tSSH tSSS SPIM_SSXn tCK SPIM_SCK CPOL = 0 CPOL = 1 tDIS tDIH SPIM_MISO tDOV SPIM_MOSI tOFF 5800IPM F?? Figure 6. SPI Master Timing - CPHA = 1 12 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM 2 I C AC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS fSCL SCL Frequency 184kHz Operation 92kHz Operation l tHD_STA Start Hold Time (SCL from SDA) 184kHz Operation 92kHz Operation l 1 2 µs tSU_STA Setup Time for a Repeated Start 184kHz Operation, 750ns SCL Rise Time 92kHz Operation, 1.5µs SCL Rise Time l 300 600 ns tHD_DAT Data Hold Time 184kHz Operation 92kHz Operation l 1 2 µs tSU_DAT Data Setup Time 184kHz Operation 92kHz Operation l 1 2 µs tSU_STO Setup Time for Stop Condition 184kHz Operation 92kHz Operation l 1 2 µs tHD_STA MIN TYP MAX UNITS 184.3 92.2 188 94 kHz tSU_STA tHD_STA SDA SCL tHD_DAT tSU_DAT tHD_DAT Figure 7. I2C Master Timing 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 13 LTC5800-IPM 1-Wire Master The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS tRSTL Reset Low l 527 556 584 µs tPS Presense Sample l 60.1 69.4 79 µs tBIT_PERIOD 1_WIRE Data Bit Period l 82 86.8 92 µs tLOW0 1_WIRE Write Data 0 Low Width l 65 69 82 µs tLOW1 1_WIRE Write Data 1 Low Width l 8.2 8.7 9.2 µs tLOWR 1_WIRE Read Data Low Width l 8.2 8.7 9.2 µs tRS Read Sample from 1_WIRE Low l 13.2 14.6 15.0 µs tPS tRSTL 1_WIRE tBIT_PERIOD 1_WIRE tLOW1 tBIT_PERIOD tLOW0 1_WIRE tRS tBIT_PERIOD 1_WIRE tLOWR Figure 8. 1-Wire Master Timing Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. ESD protection devices are used extensively internal to Eterna. However, high electrostatic discharge can damage or degrade the device. Use proper ESD handling precautions. Note 3: Extended storage at high temperature is discouraged, as this negatively affects the data retention of Eterna’s calibration data. See the FLASH Data Retention section for details. Note 4: Actual RF range is subject to a number of installation-specific variables including, but not restricted to ambient temperature, relative humidity, presence of active interference sources, line-of-sight obstacles, and near-presence of objects (for example, trees, walls, signage, and so on) that may induce multipath fading. As a result, range varies. Note 5: As Specified by IEEE Std. 802.15.4-2006: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) http://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/802.15.4-2011.html 14 Note 6: IEEE Std. 802.15.4-2006 requires transmitters to maintain a frequency tolerance of better than ±40 ppm. Note 7: Per pin IO types are provided in the Pin Functions section. Note 8: VIH maximum voltage input must respect the VSUPPLY maximum voltage specification. Note 9: The analog inputs to the ADC can be modeled as a series resistor to a capacitor. At a minimum the entire circuit, including the source impedance for the signal driving the analog input should be designed to settle to within ¼ LSB within the sampling window to match the performance of the ADC. Note 10: See the SmartMesh IP Mote API Guide for the timeIndication notification definition. Note 11: Network time accuracy is a statistical measure and varies over the temperature range, reporting rate and the location of the device relative to the manager in the network. See the Typical Performance Characteristics section for a more detailed description. Note 12: Code execution from flash banks being written or erased is suspended until completion of the flash operation. Note 13: Guaranteed by design. Not production tested. 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Typical Performance Characteristics Network motes typically route through at least two parents the traffic destined for the manager. The supply current graphs shown in Figure 9 include a parameter called descendants. In these graphs the term descendants is short for traffic-weighted descendants and refers to an amount of activity equivalent to the number of descendants if all of the network traffic directed to the mote in question. Generally the number of descendants of a parent is more, typically 2x or more, than the number of traffic-weighted descendants. For example, with reference to Figure 10 mote P1 has 0.75 traffic-weighted descendants. To obtain this value notice that mote D1 routes half its packets through mote P1 adding 0.5 to the traffic-weighted descendant value; the other half of D1’s traffic is routed through its other parent, P2. Mote D2 routes half its packets through mote D1 (the other half going through parent P3), which we know routes half its packets to mote P1, adding another 0.25 to the traffic-weighted descendant value for a total traffic-weighted descendant value of 0.75. was performed with the 1-hop mote inside a temperature chamber. Timing errors due to temperature changes and temperature differences both between the manager and this mote and between this mote and its descendents therefore propagated down through the network. The synchronization of the 3-hop and 5-hop motes to the manager was then affected by the temperature ramps even though they were at room temperature. For 2°C/minute testing the temperature chamber was cycled between –40°C and 85°C at this rate for 24 hours. For 8°C/minute testing, the temperature chamber was rapidly cycled between 85°C and 45°C for 8 hours, followed by rapid cycling between –5°C and 45°C for 8 hours, and lastly, rapid cycling between –40°C and 15°C for 8 hours. As described in the Application Time Synchronization section, Eterna provides two mechanisms for applications to maintain a time base across a network. The synchronization performance plots that follow were generated using the more precise TIMEn input. Publishing rate is the rate a mote application sends upstream data. Synchronization improves as the publishing rate increases. Baseline synchronization performance is provided for a network operating with a publishing rate of zero. Actual performance for applications in network will improve as publishing rates increase. All synchronization testing 100 80 60 40 20 0 –60 4.0 P1 P2 3.0 2 HOP D1 D2 3 HOP 5800IPM F06 Figure 10. Example Network Graph 5 HOPS 4 HOPS 3 HOPS 2 HOPS 1 HOP 3.5 1 HOP P3 5 DESCENDANTS 2 DESCENDANTS 1 DESCENDANTS 0 DESCENDANTS 200 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 120 2 DESCENDANTS 5sec REPORTING 5 DESCENDANTS 30sec REPORTING 2 DESCENDANTS 30sec REPORTING 0 DESCENDANTS 5sec REPORTING 0 DESCENDANTS 30sec REPORTING MEDIAN LATENCY (sec) 140 MANAGER 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 100 0.5 –10 40 TEMPERATURE (°C) 90 0 0 10 20 REPORTING INTERVAL (sec) 5800IPM F05a 30 5800IPM F05b 0 0 10 20 REPORTING INTERVAL (sec) 30 5800IPM F05c Figure 9 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 15 LTC5800-IPM Typical Performance Characteristics 30 20 10 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 40 25 µ = –0.2 σ = 1.7 N = 89699 20 15 10 5 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 5800IPM G01 5 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 40 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) µ = 1.5 σ = 3.3 N = 93812 10 14 12 µ = 0.9 σ = 3.9 N = 93846 8 6 4 2 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 5800IPM G04 8 6 4 2 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 6 4 2 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 40 5800IPM G07 12 µ = 1.1 σ = 3.8 N = 88179 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) 14 14 12 40 7 6 µ = 1.0 σ = 7.7 N = 93845 5 4 3 2 1 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 40 5800IPM G06 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 5 Hops, 8°C/Min µ = 1.1 σ = 3.8 N = 88179 10 8 6 4 2 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 40 5800IPM G03 5800IPM G05 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) 8 16 10 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 3 Hops, 8°C/Min µ = 3.6 σ = 5.0 N = 88144 µ = –0.2 σ = 3.6 N = 89698 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 5 Hops, 2°C/Min 10 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 1 Hop, 8°C/Min 10 12 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 3 Hops, 2°C/Min 15 12 14 5800IPM G02 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 1 Hop, 2°C/Min 20 40 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) 40 30 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) 50 µ = 0.2 σ = 0.9 N = 89700 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 5 Hops, Room Temperature 40 5800IPM G08 10 8 6 4 2 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 40 5800IPM G08 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) 60 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 3 Hops, Room Temperature NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 1 Hop, Room Temperature 14 12 µ = 1.0 σ = 7.4 N = 88178 10 8 6 4 2 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 40 5800IPM G09 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Typical Performance Characteristics 30 20 10 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 40 50 µ = –0.2 σ = 1.2 N = 17008 40 30 20 10 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) µ = 0.5 σ = 1.9 N = 85860 25 20 15 10 5 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 40 45 40 35 µ = 0.1 σ = 1.5 N = 85858 25 20 15 10 5 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 5800IPM G13 30 20 10 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 40 30 20 10 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 40 5800IPM G16 60 50 40 5800IPM G12 40 35 30 µ = 0.1 σ = 1.5 N = 85855 25 20 15 10 5 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 5800IPM G14 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) 50 40 TIMEn Synchronization Error 1 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 5 Hops, 8°C/Min µ = 0.0 σ = 1.3 N = 33930 40 30 20 10 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 40 5800IPM G15 TIMEn Synchronization Error 1 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 3 Hops, 8°C/Min µ = 0.2 σ = 1.4 N = 33932 µ = –0.2 σ = 1.2 N = 17007 TIMEn Synchronization Error 1 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 5 Hops, 2°C/Min 30 TIMEn Synchronization Error 1 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 1 Hop, 8°C/Min 60 50 TIMEn Synchronization Error 1 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 3 Hops, 2°C/Min NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) 30 60 5800IPM G11 5800IPM G10 TIMEn Synchronization Error 1 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 1 Hop, 2°C/Min 35 40 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) 40 60 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) 50 µ = 0.0 σ = 1.2 N = 22753 TIMEn Synchronization Error 1 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 5 Hops, Room Temperature 40 5800IPM G17 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) 60 TIMEn Synchronization Error 1 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 3 Hops, Room Temperature NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE (%) TIMEn Synchronization Error 1 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 1 Hop, Room Temperature 50 40 µ = –1.0 σ = 1.3 N = 33929 30 20 10 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs) 40 5800IPM G18 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 17 LTC5800-IPM Typical Performance Characteristics As described in the SmartMesh Network Overview section, devices in network spend the vast majority of their time inactive in their lowest power state (doze). On a synchronous schedule a mote will wake to communicate with another mote. Regularly occurring sequences which wake, perform a significant function and return to sleep are considered atomic. These operations are considered atomic as the sequence of events can not be separated into smaller events while performing a useful function. For example, transmission of a packet over the radio is an atomic operation. Atomic operations may be characterized in either charge or energy. In a time slot where a mote successfully sends a packet, an atomic transmit includes setup prior to sending the message, sending the message, receiving the acknowledgment and the post processing needed as a result of the message being sent. Similarly in a time slot when a mote successfully receives a packet, an atomic receive includes setup prior to listening, listening 18 until the start of the packet transition, receiving the packet, sending the acknowledgement and post processing required due to the arrival of the packet. To ensure reliability each mote in the network is provided multiple time slots for each packet it nominally will send and forward. The time slots are assigned to communicate upstream, toward the manager, with at least two different motes. When combined with frequency hopping this provides temporal, spatial and spectral redundancy. Given this approach a mote will often listen for a message that it will never receive, since the time slot is not being used by the transmitting mote. It has already successfully transmitted the packet. Since typically 3 time slots are scheduled for every 1 packet to be sent or forwarded, motes will perform more of these atomic “idle listens” than atomic transmit or atomic receive sequences. Examples of transmit, receive and idle listen atomic operations are shown in Figure 11. 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Typical Performance Characteristics Figure 11 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 19 LTC5800-IPM Pin Functions Pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software. The following table organizes the pins by functional groups. For those I/O with multiple functions the alternate functions are shown on the second and third line in their respective row. The No column provides the pin number. The second column lists the function. The Type column NO POWER SUPPLY TYPE I/O lists the I/O type. The I/O column lists the direction of the signal relative to Eterna. The Pull column shows which signals have a fixed passive pull-up or pull-down. The Description column provides a brief signal description. PULL DESCRIPTION P GND Power - - Ground Connection, P = QFN Paddle 2 CAP_PA_1P Power - - PA DC/DC Converter Capacitor 1 Plus Terminal 3 CAP_PA_1M Power - - PA DC/DC Converter Capacitor 1 Minus Terminal 4 CAP_PA_2M Power - - PA DC/DC Converter Capacitor 2 Minus Terminal 5 CAP_PA_2P Power - - PA DC/DC Converter Capacitor 2 Plus Terminal 6 CAP_PA_3P Power - - PA DC/DC Converter Capacitor 3 Plus Terminal 7 CAP_PA_3M Power - - PA DC/DC Converter Capacitor 3 Minus Terminal 8 CAP_PA_4M Power - - PA DC/DC Converter Capacitor 4 Minus Terminal 9 CAP_PA_4P Power - - PA DC/DC Converter Capacitor 4 Plus Terminal 10 VDDPA Power - - Internal Power Amplifier Power Supply, Bypass 30 VDDA Power - - Regulated Analog Supply, Bypass 31 VCORE Power - - Regulated Core Supply, Bypass 32 VOSC Power - - Regulated Oscillator Supply, Bypass 54 VPP Test Internal Regulator Test Port 56 VPRIME Power - - Internal Primary Power Supply, Bypass 57 CAP_PRIME_4P Power - - Primary DC/DC Converter Capacitor 4 Plus Terminal 58 CAP_PRIME_4M Power - - Primary DC/DC Converter Capacitor 4 Minus Terminal 59 CAP_PRIME_3M Power - - Primary DC/DC Converter Capacitor 3 Minus Terminal 60 CAP_PRIME_3P Power - - Primary DC/DC Converter Capacitor 3 Plus Terminal 61 CAP_PRIME_2P Power - - Primary DC/DC Converter Capacitor 2 Plus Terminal 62 CAP_PRIME_2M Power - - Primary DC/DC Converter Capacitor 2 Minus Terminal 63 CAP_PRIME_1M Power - - Primary DC/DC Converter Capacitor 1 Minus Terminal 64 CAP_PRIME_1P Power - - Primary DC/DC Converter Capacitor 1 Plus Terminal 65 VSUPPLY Power - - Power Supply Input to Eterna NO RADIO TYPE I/O 1 (Note 14) I - Radio Inhibit 1 RADIO_INHIBIT PULL DESCRIPTION 11 LNA_EN GPIO17 1 O I/O - External LNA Enable General Purpose Digital I/O 12 RADIO_TX GPIO18 1 O I/O - Radio TX Active (External PA Enable/Switch Control) General Purpose Digital I/O 13 RADIO_TXn GPIO19 1 O I/O - Radio TX Active (External PA Enable/Switch Control), Active Low General Purpose Digital I/O - - - Single-Ended Antenna Port, 50Ω 14 ANTENNA 20 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Pin Functions NO ANALOG Pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software. TYPE I/O 15 AI_0 Analog I - Analog Input 0 16 AI_1 Analog I - Analog Input 1 17 AI_3 Analog I - Analog Input 3 18 AI_2 Analog I - Analog Input 2 NO CRYSTALS PULL DESCRIPTION TYPE I/O 19 OSC_32K_XOUT Crystal I - 32 kHz Crystal Xout 20 OSC_32K_XIN Crystal I - 32 kHz Crystal Xin 28 OSC_20M_XIN Crystal I - 20 MHz Crystal Xin 29 OSC_20M_XOUT Crystal I - 20 MHz Crystal Xout NO RESET TYPE I/O 22 RESETn 1 I NO JTAG TYPE I/O 23 TDI 1 I UP JTAG Test Data In 24 TDO 1 O - JTAG Test Data Out 25 TMS 1 I 26 TCK 1 I DOWN JTAG Test Clock TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION 27 DP4 (GPIO23) 1 I/O - General Purpose Digital I/O 33 DP3 (GPIO22) TIMER8_EXT 1 I/O I - General Purpose Digital I/O External Input to 8-Bit Timer/Counter 34 DP2 (GPIO21) LPTIMER_EXT 1 I/O I - General Purpose Digital I/O External Input to Low Power Timer/Counter 36 DP0 (GPIO0) SPIM_SS_2n 1 I/O O - General Purpose Digital I/O SPI Master Slave Select 2, Active Low 48 DP1 (GPIO20) TIMER16_EXT 1 I/O I - General purpose digital I/O External Input to 16-Bit Timer/Counter NO GPIOS (NOTE 14) NO SPECIAL PURPOSE PULL DESCRIPTION PULL DESCRIPTION UP Reset Input, Active Low PULL DESCRIPTION UP JTAG Test Mode Select TYPE I/O 1 (Note 14) I I/O - Deep Sleep, Active Low General Purpose Digital I/O 2 O O I/O - Pulse Width Modulator 0 16-Bit Timer/Counter Match Output/PWM Output General Purpose Digital I/O 1 (Note 14) I - Time Capture Request, Active Low TYPE I/O 37 UARTC0_TX 2 O - CLI UART 0 Transmit 38 UARTC0_RX 1 I UP CLI UART 0 Receive 35 SLEEPn GPIO14 49 PWM0 TIMER16_OUT GPIO16 72 TIMEn NO CLI PULL DESCRIPTION PULL DESCRIPTION 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 21 LTC5800-IPM Pin Functions Pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software. NO SPI MASTER TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION 39 SPIM_MISO GPIO11 1 I I/O - SPI Master (MISO) Master In Slave Out Port General Purpose Digital I/O 41 SPIM_MOSI GPIO10 2 O I/O - SPI Master (MOSI) Master Out Slave In Port General Purpose Digital I/O 43 SPIM_SCK GPIO9 2 O I/O - SPI Master (SCK) Serial Clock Port General Purpose Digital I/O 46 SPIM_SS_1n GPIO13 1 O I/O - SPI Master Slave Select 1, Active Low General Purpose Digital I/O 47 SPIM_SS_0n GPIO12 1 O I/O - SPI Master Slave Select 0, Active Low General Purpose Digital I/O NO IPCS SPI/FLASH PROGRAMMING (NOTE 16) TYPE I/O 40 IPCS_MISO TIMER16_OUT GPIO6 2 O O I/O - SPI Flash Emulation (MISO) Master In Slave Out Port 16-Bit Timer/Counter Match Output/PWM Output General Purpose Digital I/O 42 IPCS_MOSI TIMER16_EXT GPIO5 1 I I I/O - SPI Flash Emulation (MOSI) Master Out Slave In Port External Input to 16-bit Timer/Counter General Purpose Digital I/O 44 IPCS_SCK TIMER8_EXT GPIO4 1 I I I/O - SPI Flash Emulation (SCK) Serial Clock Port External Input to 8-Bit Timer/Counter General Purpose Digital I/O 45 IPCS_SSn LPTIMER_EXT GPIO3 1 I I I/O - SPI Flash Emulation Slave Select, Active Low External Input to Low Power Timer/Counter General Purpose Digital I/O 55 FLASH_P_ENn 1 I UP NO I2C/1-WIRE/SPI SLAVE PULL DESCRIPTION Flash Program Enable, Active Low TYPE I/O 50 SPIS_MISO UARTC1_TX 1_WIRE 2 O O I/O - SPI Slave (MISO) Master In Slave Out Port CLI UART 1 Transmit 1 Wire Master 51 SPIS_MOSI UARTC1_RX GPIO26 1 I I I/O - SPI Slave (MOSI) Master Out Slave In Port CLI UART 1 Receive General Purpose Digital I/O 52 SPIS_SCK SCL 2 I I/O - SPI Slave (SCK) Serial Clock Port I2C Serial Clock 53 SPIS_SSn SDA 2 I I/O - SPI Slave Select, Active Low I2C Serial Data NO API UART PULL DESCRIPTION TYPE I/O 66 UART_RX_RTSn 1 (Note 14) I - UART Receive (RTS) Request to Send, Active Low 67 UART_RX_CTSn 1 O - UART Receive (CTS) Clear to Send, Active Low 68 UART_RX PULL DESCRIPTION 1 (Note 14) I - UART Receive 69 UART_TX_RTSn 1 O - UART Transmit (RTS) Request to Send, Active Low 70 UART_TX_CTSn 1 (Note 14) I - UART Transmit (CTS) Clear to Send, Active Low 2 O - UART Transmit 71 UART_TX Note 14: These inputs are always enabled and must be driven or pulled to a valid state to avoid leakage. Note 15: See also pins 40, 42, 44, and 45 for additional GPIO ports. 22 Note 16: Embedded programming over the IPCS SPI bus is only avaliable when RESETn is asserted. 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Pin Functions VSUPPLY: System and I/O Power Supply. Provides power to the chip including the on-chip DC/DC converters. The digital-interface I/O voltages are also set by this voltage. Bypass with 2.2µF and 0.1µF to ensure the DC/DC converters operate properly. VDDPA: PA-Converter Bypass Pin. A 0.47µF cap should be connected from VDDPA to ground with as short a trace as feasible. Do not connect anything else to this pin. VDDA: Analog-Regulator Bypass Pin. A 0.1µF cap should be connected from VDDA to ground with as short a trace as feasible. Do not connect anything else to this pin. VCORE: Core-Regulator Bypass Pin. A 56nF cap should be connected from VCORE to ground with as short a trace as feasible. Do not connect anything else to this pin. VOSC: Oscillator-Regulator Bypass Pin. A 56nF cap should be connected from VOSC to ground with as short a trace as feasible. Do not connect anything else to this pin. VPP: Maunufacturing Test port for internal regulator. Do not connect anything to this pin. VPRIME: Primary-Converter Bypass Pin. A 0.22µF cap should be connected from VPRIME to ground with as short a trace as feasible. Do not connect anything else to this pin. VBGAP: Bandgap Reference Output. Used for testing and calibration. Do not connect anything to this pin. CAP_PA_1P, CAP_PA_1M through CAP_PA_4P, CAP_ PA_4M: Dedicated Power-Amplifier DC/DC Converter Capacitor Pins. These pins are used when the radio is transmitting to efficiently convert VSUPPLY to the proper voltage for the power amplifier. A 56nF cap should be connected between each P and M pair. Trace length should be as short as feasible. CAP_PRIME_1P, CAP_PRIME_1M through CAP_ PRIME_4P, CAP_PRIME_4M: Primary DC/DC Converter Capacitor Pins. These pins are used when the device is awake to efficiently convert VSUPPLY to the proper voltage for the three on-chip low-dropout regulators. A 56nF cap should be connected between each P and M pair. Trace length should be as short as feasible. RADIO_INHIBIT: RADIO_INHIBIT provides a mechanism for an external device to temporarily disable radio operation. Failure to observe the timing requirements defined in the Radio_Inhibit AC Characteristics table, may result in unreliable network operation. In designs where the RADIO_INHIBIT function is not needed the input must either be tied, pulled or actively driven low to avoid excess leakage. LNA_ENABLE, RADIO_TX, RADIO_TXn: Control signals generated by the autonomous MAC supporting the integration of an external LNA/PA. See the Eterna Extended Range Reference Design for implementation details. ANTENNA: Multiplexed Receiver Input and Transmitter Output Pin. The impedance presented to the antenna pin should be 50Ω, single-ended with respect to paddle ground. To ensure regulatory compliance of the final product please see the Eterna Integration Guide for filtering requirements. The antenna pin should not have a DC path to ground; AC blocking must be included if a DC-grounded antenna is used. AI_0, AI_1, AI_2, AI_3: Analog Inputs. These pins are multiplexed to the analog input chain. The analog input chain, as shown in Figure 12, is software-configurable and includes a variable-gain amplifier, an offset-DAC for adjusting input range, and a 10b ADC. Valid input range is between 0 to 1.8V. Analog inputs can be sampled as described in the On-Chip Software Development Kit (OnChip SDK). ANALOG INPUT + 3-BIT VGA 10-BIT ADC 4-BIT DAC 5800IPM F08 Figure 12. Analog Input Chain 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 23 LTC5800-IPM Pin Functions OSC_32K_XOUT: Output Pin for the 32kHz Oscillator. Connect to 32kHz quartz crystal. The OSC_32K_XOUT and OSC_32K_XIN traces must be well-shielded from other signals, both on the same PCB layer and lower PCB layers, as shown in Figure 13. OSC_20M_XIN: Input for the 20MHz Oscillator. Connect only to a supported 20MHz quartz crystal. The OSC_20M_ XOUT and OSC_20M_XIN traces must be well-shielded from other signals, both on the same PCB layer and lower PCB layers, as shown in Figure 13. RESETn: The asynchronous reset signal is internally pulled up. Resetting Eterna will result in the ARM Cortex M3 rebooting and loss of network connectivity. Use of this signal for resetting Eterna is not recommended except during power-on and in-circuit programming. TMS, TCK, TDI, TDO: JTAG Port Supporting Software Debug and Boundary Scan. An IEEE Std 1149.1b-1994 compliant Boundary Scan Definition Language (BDSL) file for the WR QFN72 package can be found here. SLEEPn: The SLEEPn function is not currently supported in software. The SLEEPn input must either be tied, pulled or actively driven high to avoid excess leakage. UART_RX, UART_RX_RTSn, UART_RX_CTSn, UART_TX, UART_TX_RTSn, UART_TX_CTSn: The API UART interface includes bi-directional wake up and flow control. Unused input signals must be driven or pulled to their inactive state. Figure 13. PCB Top Metal Layer Shielding of Crystal Signals OSC_32K_XIN: Input for the 32kHz Oscillator. Connect to 32kHz quartz crystal.The OSC_32K_XOUT and OSC_32K_XIN traces must be well-shielded from other signals, both on the same PCB layer and lower PCB layers, as shown in Figure 13. OSC_20M_XOUT: Output for the 20MHz Oscillator. Connect only to a supported 20MHz quartz crystal. The OSC_20M_XOUT and OSC_20M_XIN traces must be well-shielded from other signals, as shown in Figure 13. See the Eterna Integration Guide for supported crystals. 24 TIMEn: Strobing the TIMEn input is the most accurate method to acquire the network time maintained by Eterna. Eterna latches the network timestamp with sub-microsecond resolution on the rising edge of the TIMEn signal and produces a packet on the API serial port containing the timing information. UARTC0_RX, UARTC0_TX: The CLI UART provides a mechanism for monitoring, configuration and control of Eterna during operation. For a complete description of the supported commands see the SmartMesh IP Mote CLI Guide. GPIO0, GPIO3 - GPIO6, GPIO9 - GPIO13, GPIO16, GPIO20 - GPIO23, GPIO26: General purpose IO that can be sampled or driven as described in the On-Chip Software Development Kit (On-Chip SDK). 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Pin Functions FLASH_P_ENn, IPCS_SSn, IPCS_SCK, IPCS_MISO, IPCS_SSn: The In-circuit Programming Control System (IPCS) bus enables in-circuit programming of Eterna’s flash memory. IPCS_SCK is a clock and should be terminated appropriately for the driving source to prevent overshoot and ringing. SPIM_CLK, SPIM_MISO, SPIM_MOSI, SPIM_SS_0n, SPIM_SS_1n, SPIM_SS_4n: The SPI Master bus with support for up to three SPI slave devices, via the On-Chip Software Development Kit (On-Chip SDK) provides an interface to SPI peripheral slave devices. The SPI interface is syncrhonous to SPIM_CLK, which should be treated as a clock singal and terminated appropriately . 1_WIRE: The 1-Wire master clock/data/power signal. See the On-Chip Software Development Kit (On-Chip SDK) for details on operating the 1-Wire Master controller. SCL, SDA: The I2C bus SCL and SDA should be externally pulled to VSUPPLY with a 10kΩ resistor. See the On-Chip Software Development Kit (On-Chip SDK) for details on operating the 1-Wire Master controller. 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 25 LTC5800-IPM Operation The LTC5800 is the world’s most energy-efficient IEEE 802.15.4 compliant platform, enabling battery and energy harvested applications. With a powerful 32-bit ARM Cortex™-M3, best-in-class radio, flash, RAM and purposebuilt peripherals, Eterna provides a flexible, scalable and robust networking solution for applications demanding minimal energy consumption and data reliability in even the most challenging RF environments. Shown in Figure 14, Eterna integrates purpose-built peripherals that excel in both low operating-energy consumption and the ability to rapidly and precisely cycle between operating and low-power states. Items in the gray shaded region labeled "Analog Core” correspond to the analog/RF components. Power Supply Eterna is powered from a single pin, VSUPPLY, which powers the I/O cells and is also used to generate internal supplies. Eterna’s two on-chip DC/DC converters minimize energy consumption while the device is awake. To conserve power the DC/DC converters are disabled when the device is in low-power state. Integrated power supply conditioning, including the two integrated DC/DC converters and three integrated low-dropout regulators, provides excellent rejection of supply noise. Eterna’s operating supply voltage range is high enough to support direct connection to lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) sources and wide enough to support battery operation over a broad temperature range. 32kHz DIGITAL CORE ANALOG CORE 32kHz, 20MHz TIMERS SCHED VOLTAGE REFERENCE PRIMARY DC/DC CONVERTER SRAM 72kB CORE REGULATOR CLOCK REGULATOR PMU/ CLOCK CONTROL FLASH 512kB RELAXATION OSCILLATOR ANALOG REGULATOR PA DC/DC CONVERTER PoR FLASH CONTROLLER 802.15.4 MOD AES LPF DAC PA CODE AUTO MAC 802.15.4 FRAMING DMA 802.15.4 DEMOD SYSTEM 20MHz PLL ADC LIMITER BPF PPF LNA AGC RSSI IPCS SPI SLAVE CLI UART (2 PIN) API UART (6 PIN) ADC CTRL 10-BIT ADC BAT LOAD VGA PTAT 4-BIT DAC 5800IPM F10 Figure 14. Eterna Block Diagram 26 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Operation Supply Monitoring and Reset Eterna integrates a Power-on reset (PoR) circuit. As the RESETn input pin is nominally configured with an internal pull-up resistor, no connection is required. For a graceful shutdown, the software and the networking layers should be cleanly halted via API commands prior to assertion of the RESETn pin. See the SmartMesh IP Mote API Guide for details on the disconnect and reset commands. Eterna includes a soft brown-out monitor that fully protects the flash from corruption in the event that power is removed while writing to flash. Integrated flash supervisory functionality, in conjunction with a fault tolerant file system, yields a robust nonvolatile storage solution. The use of TIMEn has the advantage of being more accurate. The value of the timestamp is captured in hardware relative to the rising edge of TIMEn. If an API request is used, due to packet processing, the value of the timestamp may be captured several milliseconds after receipt of the packet. See the TIMEn AC Characteristics section for the TIMEn function’s definition and specifications. Time References Eterna includes three clock sources: an internal relaxation oscillator, a low power oscillator designed for a 32.768kHz crystal, and the radio reference oscillator designed for a 20MHz crystal. Precision Timing Relaxation Oscillator Eterna’s unique low power dedicated timing hardware and timing algorithms provides a significant improvement over competing 802.15.4 product offerings. This functionality provides timing precision two to three orders of magnitude better than any other low-power solution available at the time of publication. Improved timing accuracy allows motes to minimize the amount of radio listening time required to ensure packet reception thereby lowering even further the power consumed by SmartMesh networks. Eterna’s patented timing hardware and timing algorithms provide superior performance over rapid temperature changes, further differentiating Eterna’s reliability when compared with other wireless products. In addition, precise timing enables networks to reduce spectral dead time, increasing total network throughput. The relaxation oscillator is the primary clock source for Eterna, providing the clock for the CPU, memory subsystems, and all peripherals. The internal relaxation oscillator is dynamically calibrated to 7.3728MHz. The internal relaxation oscillator typically starts up in a few μs, providing an expedient, low-energy method for duty cycling between active and low power states. Quick start-up from the doze state, defined in the State Diagram section, allows Eterna to wake up and receive data over the UART and SPI interfaces by simply detecting activity on the appropriate signals. Application Time Synchronization In addition to coordinating time slots across the network, which is transparent to the user, Eterna’s timing management is used to support two mechanisms to share network time. Having an accurate, shared, network-wide time base enables events to be accurately time stamped or tasks to be performed in a synchronized fashion across a network. Eterna will send a time packet through its serial interface when one of the following occurs: 32.768kHz Crystal Once Eterna is powered up and the 32.768kHz crystal source has begun oscillating, the 32.768kHz crystal remains operational while in the Active state, and is used as the timing basis when in Doze state. See the State Diagram section, for a description of Eterna’s operational states. 20MHz Crystal The 20MHz crystal source provides a frequency reference for the radio, and is automatically enabled and disabled by Eterna as needed. Eterna requires specific characterized 20MHz crystal references. See the the Eterna Integration Guide for a complete list of the currently supported 20MHz crystals. Eterna receives an API request to read time n The TIMEn signal is asserted n 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 27 LTC5800-IPM Operation Radio UART Mode 2 Eterna includes the lowest-power commercially available 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4e radio by a substantial margin. (Please refer to the Radio Specifications section for power consumption numbers.). Eterna’s integrated power amplifier is calibrated and temperature-compensated to consistently provide power at a limit suitable for worldwide radio certifications. Additionally, Eterna uniquely includes a hardware-based autonomous MAC that handles precise sequencing of peripherals, including the transmitter, the receiver, and advanced encryption standard (AES) peripherals. The hardware-based autonomous media access controller (MAC) minimizes CPU activity, thereby further decreasing power consumption. UART Mode 2 provides the most energy-efficient method for operating Eterna’s API UART. UART Mode 2 requires the use of all six UART signals, but does not require adherence to the minimum inter-packet delay as defined in the UART AC Characteristics section. UART Mode 2 incorporates edge-sensitive flow control, at either 9600 or 115200 baud. Packets are HDLC encoded with one stop bit and no parity bit. The flow control signals for Eterna’s API receive path are shown in Figure 15. Transfers are initiated by the companion processor asserting UART_RX_RTSn. Eterna then responds by enabling the UART and asserting UART_RX_CTSn. After detecting the assertion of UART_RX_CTSn the companion processor sends the entire packet. Following the transmission of the final byte in the packet, the companion processor negates UART_RX_RTSn and waits until the negation of UART_RX_CTSn before asserting UART_RX_RTSn again. UARTs The principal network interface is through the application programming interface (API) UART. A command-line interface (CLI) is also provided for support of test and debug functions. Both UARTs sense activity continuously, consuming virtually no power until data is transferred and automatically returning to their lowest power state after the conclusion of a transfer. The definition for packet encoding on the API UART interface can be found in the SmartMesh IP Mote API Guide and the CLI command definitions can be found in the SmartMesh IP Mote CLI Guide. API UART Protocols The API UART supports multiple modes with the goal of supporting a wide range of companion multipoint control units (MCUs) while reducing power consumption of the system. As a general rule, higher serial data rates translate into lower energy consumption for both endpoints. The API UART receive protocol includes two additional signals in addition to UART_RX: UART_RX_RTSn and UART_RX_CTSn. The transmit half of the API UART protocol includes two additional signals in addition to UART_TX: UART_TX_RTSn and UART_TX_CTSn. The two supported protocols are referred to as UART Mode 2 and UART Mode 4. Mode setting is controlled via the Fuse Table. In the Figures accompanying the protocol descriptions, signals driven by the companion processor are drawn in black and signals driven by Eterna are drawn in blue. 28 The flow control signals for Eterna’s API transmit path are shown in Figure 16. Transfers are initiated by Eterna asserting UART_TX_RTSn. The companion processor responds by asserting UART_TX_CTSn when ready to receive data. After detecting the falling edge of UART_TX_CTSn Eterna sends the entire packet. Following the transmission of the final byte in the packet Eterna negates UART_TX_RTSn and waits until the negation of UART_TX_CTSn before asserting UART_TX_RTSn again. The companion processor may negate UART_TX_CTSn any time after the first byte is transferred provided the time out from UART_TX_RTSn to UART_TX_CTSn, tEND_TX_RTS to TX_CTS, is met. UART_RX_RTSn UART_RX_CTSn UART_RX BYTE 0 BYTE 1 5800IPM F11 Figure 15. UART Mode 2 Receive Flow Control UART_TX_RTSn UART_TX_CTSn UART_TX BYTE 0 BYTE 1 5800IPM F12 Figure 16. UART Mode 2 Transmit Flow Control For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 5800ipmfa LTC5800-IPM Operation UART Mode 4 UART Mode 4 incorporates level-sensitive flow control on the TX channel and requires no flow control on the RX channel, supporting both 9600 and 115200 baud. The use of level-sensitive flow control signals enables data rates above 9600 baud with the option of using a reduced set of the flow control signals; however, Mode 4 has specific limitations. First, The use of the RX flow control signals (UART_RX_RTSn and UART_RX_CTSn) for Mode 4 are optional provided the use is limited to the industrial temperature range (–40°C to 85°C); otherwise, the flow control is mandatory. If RX flow control signals are not used, UART_RX_RTSn should be tied to VSUPPLY (inactive) and UART_RX_CTSn should be left unconnected. Second, unless the companion processor is always ready to receive a packet, the companion processor must negate UART_TX_CTSn prior to the end of the current packet. Failure to negate UART_TX_CTSn prior to the end of a packet may result in back to back packets. Third, the companion processor must wait at least tRX_INTERPACKET between transmitting packets on UART_RX. See the UART AC Characteristics section for complete timing specifications. Packets are HDLC encoded with one stop bit and no parity bit. The flow control signals for the TX channel are shown in Figure 17. Transfers are initiated by Eterna asserting UART_TX_RTSn. The UART_TX_CTSn signal may be actively driven by the companion processor when ready to receive a packet or UART_TX_CTSn may be tied low if the companion processor is always ready to receive a packet. After detecting a logic ‘0’ on UART_TX_CTSn Eterna sends the entire packet. Following the transmission of the final byte in the packet Eterna negates UART_TX_RTSn and waits for tTX_INTERPACKET, defined in the UART AC Characteristics section, before asserting UART_TX_RTSn again. UART_TX_RTSn UART_TX_CTSn UART_TX BYTE 0 BYTE 1 5800IPM F13 Figure 17. UART Mode 4 Transmit Flow Control For details on the timing of the UART protocol, see the UART AC Characteristics section. CLI UART The command line interface (CLI) UART port is a two wire protocol (TX and RX) that operates at a fixed 9600 baud rate with one stop bit and no parity. The CLI UART interface is intended to support command line instructions and response activity. Autonomous MAC Eterna was designed as a system solution to provide a reliable, ultralow power, and secure network. A reliable network capable of dynamically optimizing operation over changing environments requires solutions that are far too complex to completely support through hardware acceleration alone. As described in the Precision Timing section, proper time management is essential for optimizing a solution that is both low power and reliable. To address these requirements Eterna includes the Autonomous MAC, which incorporates a co-processor for controlling all of the time-critical radio operations. The Autonomous MAC provides two benefits: first, preventing variable software latency from affecting network timing and second, greatly reducing system power consumption by allowing the CPU to remain inactive during the majority of the radio activity. The Autonomous MAC, provides software-independent timing control of the radio and radio-related functions, resulting in superior reliability and exceptionally low power. Security Network security is an often overlooked component of a complete network solution. Proper implementation of security protocols is significant in terms of both engineering effort and market value in an OEM product. Eterna system solutions provide a FIPS-140 compliant encryption scheme that includes authentication and encryption at the MAC and network layers with separate keys for each mote. This not only yields end-to-end security, but if a mote is somehow compromised, communication from other motes is still secure. A mechanism for secure key exchange allows keys to be kept fresh. To prevent physical attacks, Eterna includes hardware support for 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 29 LTC5800-IPM Operation electronically locking devices, thereby preventing access to Eterna’s flash and RAM memory and thus the keys and code stored therein. This lock-out feature also provides a means to securely unlock a device should support of a product require access. For details see the Board Specific Configuration Guide. Temperature Sensor Eterna includes a calibrated temperature sensor on chip. The temperature readings are available locally through Eterna’s serial API, in addition to being available via the network manager. The performance characteristics of the temperature sensor can be found in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. Eterna contains internal flash (non-volatile memory) to store calibration results, unique ID, configuration settings and software images. Flash retention is specified over the operating temperature range. See the Electrical Characteristics and Absolute Maximum Ratings sections. Non destructive storage above the operating temperature range of –55°C to 105°C is possible; although, this may result in a degradation of retention characteristics. The degradation in flash retention for temperatures >105°C can be approximated by calculating the dimensionless acceleration factor using the following equation. ⎡⎛ Ea ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎤ 1 1 − ⎢⎜ ⎟•⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎣⎝ k ⎠ ⎝ TUSE +273 TSTRESS +273 ⎠⎦ AF = e Radio Inhibit The RADIO_INHIBIT input enables an external controller to temporarily disable the radio software drivers (for example, to take a sensor reading that is susceptible to radio interference). When RADIO_INHIBIT is asserted the software radio drivers will disallow radio operations including clear channel assessment, packet transmits, or packet receipts. If the current timeslot is active when RADIO_INHIBIT is asserted the radio will be diabled after the present operation completes. For details on the timing associated with RADIO_INHIBIT, see the Radio_Inhibit AC Characteristics section. where: AF = acceleration factor Ea = activation energy = 0.6eV k = 8.625 • 10–5eV/°K TUSE = is the specified temperature retention in °C TSTRESS = actual storage temperature in °C Example: Calculate the effect on retention when storing at a temperature of 125°C. TSTRESS = 125°C TUSE = 85°C Flash Programming This product is provided without software programmed into the device. OEMs will need to program software images during development and manufacturing. Eterna’s software images are loaded via the In-Circuit Programming Control System (IPCS) SPI interface. Sequencing of RESETn and FLASH_P_ENn, as described in the Flash SPI Slave AC Characteristics section, places Eterna in a state emulating a serial flash to support in-circuit programming. Hardware and software for supporting development and production programming of devices is described in the Eterna Serial Programmer Guide. The serial protocol, SPI, and timing parameters are described in the Flash SPI Slave AC Characteristics section. 30 FLASH Data Retention AF = 7.1 So the overall retention of the flash would be degraded by a factor of 7.1, reducing data retention from 20 years at 85°C to 2.8 years at 125°C. State Diagram In order to provide capabilities and flexibility in addition to ultra low power, Eterna operates in various states, as shown in Figure 18. State transitions shown in red are not recommended. 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Operation POWER-ON RESET VSUPPLY > PoR RESETn LOW AND FLASH_P_ENn LOW LOAD FUSE SETTINGS RESETn LOW AND FLASH_P_ENn HIGH SET RESETn HIGH AND FLASH_P_ENn HIGH FOR 125µs, THEN SET RESETn LOW SERIAL FLASH EMULATION RESETn HIGH AND FLASH_P_ENn HIGH RESET DEASSERT RESETn BOOT START-UP ASSERT RESETn DOZE ASSERT RESETn CPU AND PERIPHERALS INACTIVE HW OR PMU EVENT OPERATION ASSERT RESETn CPU ACTIVE ACTIVE CPU INACTIVE DEEP SLEEP LOW POWER SLEEP COMMAND INACTIVE 5800IPM F14 Figure 18. Eterna State Diagram 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 31 LTC5800-IPM Operation Fuse Table Operation Eterna’s Fuse Table is a 2kB page in flash that contains two data structures. One structure supports hardware configuration immediately following power-on reset or the assertion of RESETn. The second structure supports configuration of software board support parameters. Fuse Tables are generated via the Fuse Table application described in the Board Specific Configuration Guide. Hardware configuration of I/O immediately following poweron reset provides a method to minimize leakage due to floating nets prior to software configuration. I/O leakage can contribute hundreds of microamperes of leakage per input, potentially stressing current limited supplies. Examples of software board support parameters include setting of UART modes, clock sources and trim values. Fuse Tables are loaded into flash using the same software and in-circuit programmer used to load software images as described in the Eterna Serial Programmer Guide. Once Eterna has completed start-up, Eterna transitions to the operational group of states (active/CPU active, active/ CPU inactive, and doze). There, Eterna cycles between the various states, automatically selecting the lowest possible power state while fulfilling the demands of network operation. Start-Up The doze state consumes orders of magnitude less current than the active state and is entered when all of the peripherals and the CPU are inactive. In the doze state Eterna’s full state is retained, timing is maintained, and Eterna is configured to detect, wake, and rapidly respond to activity on I/Os (such as UART signals and the TIMEn pin). In the doze state the 32.768kHz oscillator and associated timers are active. Start-up occurs as a result of either crossing the power-on reset threshold or asserting RESETn. After the completion of power-on reset or the falling edge of an internally synchronized RESETn, Eterna loads its Fuse Table which, as described in the previous section, includes configuring I/O direction. In this state, Eterna checks the state of the FLASH_P_ENn and RESETn pins and enters the serial flash emulation mode if both signals are asserted. If the FLASH_P_ENn pin is not asserted but RESETn is asserted, Eterna automatically reduces its energy consumption to a minimum until RESETn is released. Once RESETn is de-asserted, Eterna goes through a boot sequence, and then enters the active state. Serial Flash Emulation When both RESETn and FLASH_P_ENn are asserted, Eterna disables normal operation and enters a mode to emulate the operation of a serial flash. In this mode, its flash can be programmed. 32 Active State In the active state, Eterna’s relaxation oscillator is running and peripherals are enabled as needed. The ARM CortexM3 cycles between CPU-active and CPU-inactive (referred to in the ARM Cortex-M3 literature as sleep now mode). Eterna’s extensive use of DMA and intelligent peripherals that independently move Eterna between active state and doze state minimizes the time the CPU is active, significantly reducing Eterna’s energy consumption. Doze State SPI Master The Eterna SPI master controller supports all configurations of clock polarity and phase, with a setable shift clock frequencies of 460.8kHz, 921.6kHz, 1.8432MHz, or 3.6864MHz. In addition the SPI master controller can be configured to repetatively issue commands and capture the corresponding output, enabling repetative sampling of signals from a SPI ADC or SPI sensor based upon a clock reference of better than ±50ppm. For implementation details refer to the On-Chip Software Development Kit (On-Chip SDK). 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Operation I2C Master 1-Wire Master The I2C Master enables control of I2C slave devices, including support for clock stretching slaves. I2C Multimaster and bus arbitration protocols are not supported. For implementation details refer to the On-Chip Software Development Kit (On-Chip SDK). The Eterna 1-Wire Master controller supports the reset, pressense detect, read and write 1-Wire protocol operations, incorporating an active pull-up. The active pull-up becomes active when the passive pull-up raises the voltage on the 1_WIRE pin nominally above 1.4V, driving the 1_WIRE signal as specified in Digital I/O Characteristics. For implementation details refer to the On-Chip Software Development Kit (On-Chip SDK). Applications Information Modes of Operation On-Chip SDK (OCSDK) The SmartMesh IP Mote software can be operated in three distinct modes, namely, namely Slave, Master, and OnChip SDK. Mode selection should be considered during the architecture/design phase of the development process. Slave Mode The SmartMesh IP On-Chip Software Development Kit (OnChip SDK) enables development of C-code applications for execution on the LTC5800-IPM, running Micrium’s µCOS-II real-time operating system. With the On-Chip SDK, users may quickly and easily develop application code without the need for an external microprocessor. In Slave mode, the Eterna is connected to an external microprocessor through the API UART and is solely used as a networking device. None of the built in I/Os are accessible in this mode. Refer to the SmartMesh IP User's Guide for more detailed information. Applications written within the On-Chip SDK may send and receive wireless messages through the mesh network; process data, such as statistical analysis; execute local decision-making and control; and manage the following peripherals: General Purpose Input-Output (GPIO) pins n Master Mode Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) n In Master mode, no external uProcessor is required and a limited set of functionality is made available with no programming required on the device. The following features are available Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) n Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Master n Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Master On-Chip Temperature Sensor n 4 Analog Inputs n n 1-Wire Master n 4 Digital Inputs n 3 Digital Outputs n Refer to the SmartMesh IP User's Guide for more detailed information. Network connectivity and quality of service is handled by the SmartMesh IP protocol stack. The SmartMesh IP stack comes as a pre-compiled library and delivers >99.999% data reliability while providing ultra low power operation. 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 33 LTC5800-IPM Applications Information Regulatory and Standards Compliance Radio Certification Eterna is suitable for systems targeting compliance with worldwide radio frequency regulations: ETSI EN 300 328 and EN 300 440 class 2 (Europe), FCC CFR47 Part 15 (US), and ARIB STD-T66 (Japan). Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) supporting regulatory testing are provided on both the API and CLI UART interfaces. The Eterna Certification User Guide provides: Reference information required for certification n This product has been specifically designed to utilize RoHS-compliant materials and to eliminate or reduce the use of restricted materials to comply with 2002/95/EC. The RoHS-compliant design features include: RoHS-compliant solder for solder joints n RoHS-compliant base metal alloys n RoHS-compliant precious metal plating n RoHS-compliant cable assemblies and connector choices n Lead-free QFN package Test plans for common regulatory test cases n Example CLI API calls n Sample manual language and example label n n n n Compliance to Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) is a directive that places maximum concentration limits on the use of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), hexavalent chromium (Cr +6), mercury (Hg), Polybrominated Biphenyl (PBB), and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE). Linear Technology is committed to meeting the requirements of the European Community directive 2002/95/EC. 34 Halogen-free mold compound RoHS-compliant and 245°C re-flow compatible Note: Customers may elect to use certain types of leadfree solder alloys in accordance with the European Community directive 2002/95/EC. Depending on the type of solder paste chosen, a corresponding process change to optimize reflow temperatures may be required. Soldering Information Eterna is suitable for both eutectic PbSn and RoHS-6 reflow. The maximum reflow soldering temperature is 260°C. A more detailed description of layout recommendations, assembly procedures and design considerations is included in the Eterna Integration Guide. 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Related Documentation TITLE LOCATION DESCRIPTION SmartMesh IP User’s Guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41880 User’s guide for Smartmesh IP networks, managers and motes. SmartMesh IP Mote API Guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41886 Definitions of the applications interface commands available over the API UART SmartMesh IP Mote CLI Guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41885 Definitions of the command line interface commands available over the CLI UART Eterna Integration Guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41874 Recommended practices for designing with the LTC5800-IPM Eterna Serial Programmer Guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41876 User’s guide for the Eterna Serial programmer used for in circuit programming of the LTC5800-IPM Board Specific Configuration Guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41875 User’s guide for the Eterna Board Specific Configuration application, used to configure the board specific parameters Eterna Certification User Guide http://www.linear.com/docs/42918 The essential documentation necessary to complete radio certifications, including examples for common test cases SmartMesh IP Tools Guide http://www.linear.com/docs/42453 The user’s guide for all IP related tools, and specifically the definition for the On-chip Application Protocol (OAP) 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 35 LTC5800-IPM Package Description Please refer to http://www.linear.com/product/LTC5800-IPM#packaging for the most recent package drawings. WR Package 72-Lead QFN (10mm × 10mm) Package (Reference LTC DWGWR # 05-08-1930 Rev A) 72-Lead QFN (10mm × 10mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1930 Rev A) 0°–14° (×4) 0.65 REF 10.50 ±0.05 6.00 ±0.15 MAX 1.0mm 0.02 8.90 ±0.05 8.50 REF (4 SIDES) 0.20 REF 6.00 ±0.15 0.50 DETAIL A 0.25 ±0.05 0.50 BSC 0.8 ±0.05 0.60 MAX RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS APPLY SOLDER MASK TO AREAS THAT ARE NOT SOLDERED 0.10 M C A B 0.0.5 M C 0.15 C 10.00 BSC B 9.75 BSC B 0.60 MAX b 0.25 ±0.05 DETAIL B 0.5 ±0.1 6.00 ±0.15 55 72 54 1 PIN 1 10.00 9.75 BSC BSC 6.00 ±0.15 37 0.15 C 18 36 R0.300 TYP C 0.50 BSC 19 DETAIL B WR72 0213 REV A DETAIL A 0.10 C 0.10 C NOTE: 1. DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE MO-220 2. DIMENSION “b” APPLIES TO METALIZED TERMINAL AND IS MEASURED BETWEEN 0.15mm AND 0.30mm FROM THE TERMINAL TIP. IF THE TERMINAL HAS OPTIONAL RADIUS ON THE OTHER END OF THE TERMINAL, THE DIMENSION B SHOULD NOT BE MEASURED IN THAT RADIUS AREA 3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.20mm ON ANY SIDE, IF PRESENT 5. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE COMPONENT LTCXXXXXX SEATING PLANE PIN “A1” TRAY PIN 1 BEVEL 36 PACKAGE IN TRAY LOADING ORIENTATION 5800ipmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM LTC5800-IPM Revision History REV DATE DESCRIPTION A 12/15 Added H-Grade Ordering Information and Product Specifications PAGE NUMBER 4, 5, 29 Added SPI Master AC Characteristics 12 Added I2C Master AC Characteristics 13 Added 1-Wire Master section 14 Added Overviews of On-Chip SDK Operation, SPI Master, I2C Master and 1-Wire Master Ports 32-33 5800ipmfa Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 37 LTC5800-IPM Typical Application Mesh Network Thermistor TADIRAN TL-5903 Li-SOCI2 100pF LTC5800-IPM 3.3nH ANTENNA 2.2µH VSUPPLY 1pF 1pF 56nF 56nF 56nF 56nF 2.2µF CAP_PA_1P LT6654 CAP_PA_1M CAP_PA_2P VIN IPCS_MISO 0.1µF GND2 5k 0.1% CAP_PA_4M AI_0 0.47µF 56nF 56nF 56nF 0.22µF 0.1µF 56nF 56nF GND1 CAP_PA_3M CAP_PA_4P VDDPA 56nF VOUT 0.1µF CAP_PA_2M CAP_PA_3P 1000pF CAP_PRIME_1P CAP_PRIME_1M CAP_PRIME_2P 5k 0.1% AI_1 CAP_PRIME_2M CAP_PRIME_3P 10k, 0.2C OMEGA 44006 1000pF CAP_PRIME_3M CAP_PRIME_4P 5k 0.1% CAP_PRIME_4M VPRIME VDDA RT = 5k • AI_0 / (2 • AI_1 – AI_0) T(°C) = 1 / {A + B [Ln(RT)] + C[Ln(RT)]3} – 273.15 A = 1.032 • 10–3 B = 2.387 • 10–4 C = 1.580 • 10–7 OSC_20M_XOUT 20MHz VCORE VOSC OSC_20M_XIN OSC_32K_XOUT 32.768kHz GND OSC_32K_XIN 5800IPM TA02 Related Parts PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC5800-IPRA IP Wireless Mesh 32 Mote Manager Manages Networks of Up to 32 SmartMesh IP Nodes. LTC5800-IPRB IP Wireless Mesh 100 Mote Manager Manages Networks of Up to 100 SmartMesh IP Nodes. LTP5901-IPMA IP Wireless Mesh Mote PCB Module with Chip Antenna Includes Modular Radio Certification in the United States, Canada, Europe, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, India, Australia and New Zealand LTP5902-IPMA IP Wireless Mesh Mote PCB Module with MMCX Antenna Connector Includes Modular Radio Certification in the United States, Canada, Europe, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, India, Australia and New Zealand LT6654 Precision High Output Drive Low Noise Reference 1.6ppm Peak-to-Peak Noise (0.1Hz to 10Hz), Sink/Source ±10mA, 5ppm/°C Max Drift LTC2379-18 18-Bit,1.6Msps/1Msps/500ksps/250ksps Serial, Low Power ADC 2.5V Supply, Differential Input, 101.2dB SNR, ±5V Input Range, DGC LTC3388-1/ LTC3388-3 20V High Efficiency Nanopower Step-Down Regulator 860nA IQ in Sleep, 2.7V to 20V Input, VOUT = 1.2V to 5.0V, Enable and Standby Pins LTC3588-1 Piezoelectric Energy Generator with Integrated High Efficiency Buck Converter VIN = 2.7V to 20V, VOUT(MIN) = Fixed to 1.8V/2.5V/3.3V/3.6V, IQ = 0.95μA, 3mm × 3mm DFN-10 and MSOP-10E Packages LTC3108-1 Ultralow Voltage Step-Up Converter and Power Manager VIN = 0.02V to 1V, VOUT = 2.5V/3V/3.7V/4.5V Fixed, IQ = 6μA, 3mm × 4mm DFN-12 and SSOP-16 Packages LTC3459 Micropower Synchronous Boost Converter VIN = 1.5V to 5.5V, VOUT(MAX) = 10V, IQ = 10μA, 2mm × 2mm DFN, 2mm × 3mm DFN or SOT-23 Package 38 Linear Technology Corporation 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 For more information www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com/LTC5800-IPM 5800ipmfa LT 1215 REV A • PRINTED IN USA LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2013