PHILIPS SCN68681C1N40

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
SCN68681
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter
(DUART)
Product specification
Supersedes data of 1995 May 01
IC19 Data Handbook
1998 Sep 04
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCN68681
• 16-bit programmable Counter/Timer
• Parity, framing, and overrun error detection
• False start bit detection
• Line break detection and generation
• Programmable channel mode
DESCRIPTION
The Philips Semiconductors SCN68681 Dual Universal
Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (DUART) is a single-chip
MOS-LSI communications device that provides two independent
full-duplex asynchronous receiver/transmitter channels in a single
package. It is compatible with other S68000 family devices, and can
also interface easily with other microprocessors. The DUART can
be used in polled or interrupt driven systems.
– Normal (full-duplex)
The operating mode and data format of each channel can be
programmed independently. Additionally, each receiver and
transmitter can select its operating speed as one of eighteen fixed
baud rates, a 16X clock derived from a programmable counter/timer,
or an external 1X or 16X clock. The baud rate generator and
counter/timer can operate directly from a crystal or from external
clock inputs. The ability to independently program the operating
speed of the receiver and transmitter make the DUART particularly
attractive for dual-speed channel applications such as clustered
terminal systems.
– Automatic echo
– Local loopback
– Remote loopback
• Multi-function programmable 16-bit counter/timer
• Multi-function 6-bit input port
– Can serve as clock or control inputs
– Change-of-state detection on four inputs
– 100kΩ typical pull-up resistors
• Multi-function 8-bit output port
Each receiver is quadruply buffered to minimize the potential of
receiver overrun or to reduce interrupt overhead in interrupt driven
systems. In addition, a flow control capability is provided to disable
a remote DUART transmitter when the buffer of the receiving device
is full.
– Individual bit set/reset capability
– Outputs can be programmed to be status/interrupt signals
• Versatile interrupt system
Also provided on the SCN68681 are a multipurpose 6-bit input port
and a multipurpose 8-bit output port. These can be used as general
purpose I/O ports or can be assigned specific functions (such as
clock inputs or status/interrupt outputs) under program control.
– Single interrupt output with eight maskable interrupting
conditions
– Interrupt vector output on interrupt acknowledge
– Output port can be configured to provide a total of up to six
separate wire-ORable interrupt outputs
FEATURES
• Maximum data transfer rates:
• S68000 bus compatible
• Dual full-duplex asynchronous receiver/transmitter
• Quadruple buffered receiver data registers
• Programmable data format
1X - 1MB/sec, 16X - 125kB/sec
• Automatic wake-up mode for multidrop applications
• Start-end break interrupt/status
• Detects break which originates in the middle of a character
• On-chip crystal oscillator
• Single +5V power supply
• Commercial and industrial temperature ranges available
• DIP and PLCC packages
– 5 to 8 data bits plus parity
– Odd, even, no parity or force parity
– 1, 1.5 or 2 stop bits programmable in 1/16-bit increments
• Programmable baud rate for each receiver and transmitter
selectable from:
– 22 fixed rates: 50 to 115.2k baud
– Non-standard rates to 115.2kb
– Non-standard user-defined rate derived from programmable
counter/timer
– External 1X or 16X clock
ORDERING INFORMATION
DESCRIPTION
COMMERCIAL
INDUSTRIAL
VCC = +5V +5%,
TA = 0°C to +70°C
VCC = +5V +10%,
TA = 40°C to +85°C
40-Pin Ceramic Dual In-Line Package (cerdip)
DWG #
Not available
SCN68681E1F40
0590B
40-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line Package (DIP)
SCN68681C1N40
SCN68681E1N40
SOT129-1
44-Pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)
SCN68681C1A44
SCN68681E1A44
SOT187-2
1998 Sep 04
2
853–1083 19970
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCN68681
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
A1
1
40 VCC
IP3
2
39 IP4
A2
3
38 IP5
IP1
4
37 IACKN
A3
5
36 IP2
A4
6
35 CSN
IP0
7
34 RESETN
R/WN
8
33 X2
6
29
17
18
DIP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
30 TxDA
TxDB 11
OP1 12
29 OP0
13
28 OP2
OP5 14
27 OP4
OP7 15
26 OP6
D1 16
25 D0
D3 17
24 D2
D5 18
23 D4
D7 19
22 D6
GND 20
28
PIN/FUNCTION
31 RxDA
RxDB 10
OP3
39
PLCC
32 X1/CLK
DTACKN 9
40
1
7
NC
A1
IP3
A2
IP1
A3
A4
IP0
R/WN
DTACKN
RxDB
NC
TxDB
OP1
OP3
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
OP5
OP7
D1
D3
D5
D7
GND
NC
INTRN
D6
D4
D2
D0
OP6
OP4
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
OP2
OP0
TxDA
NC
RxDA
X1/CLK
X2
RESETN
CSN
IP2
IACKN
IP5
IP4
VCC
21 INTRN
SD00107
Figure 1. Pin Configurations
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS1
SYMBOL
RATING
UNIT
TA
Operating ambient temperature range2
PARAMETER
See Note 4
°C
TSTG
Storage temperature range
-65 to +150
°C
All voltages with respect to ground3
-0.5 to +6.0
V
NOTES:
1. Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and
functional operation of the device at these or any other condition above those indicated in the operation section of this specification is not
implied.
2. For operating at elevated temperatures, the device must be derated based on +150oC maximum junction temperature.
3. This product includes circuitry specifically designed for the protection of its internal devices from damaging effects of excessive static
charge. Nonetheless, it is suggested that conventional precautions be taken to avoid applying any voltages larger than the rated maxima.
4. Parameters are valid over specified temperature range. See Ordering information table for applicable operating temperature range and VCC
supply range.
1998 Sep 04
3
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCN68681
BLOCK DIAGRAM
8
D0–D7
CHANNEL A
BUS BUFFER
TRANSMIT
HOLDING REG
TxDA
TRANSMIT
SHIFT REGISTER
OPERATION CONTROL
R/WN
DTACKN
CSN
A1–A4
RESETN
RECEIVE
HOLDING REG (3)
ADDRESS
DECODE
RxDA
4
RECEIVE
SHIFT REGISTER
R/W CONTROL
MR1, 2
CRA
SRA
INTERRUPT CONTROL
INTRN
IMR
IACKN
TxDB
CHANNEL B
(AS ABOVE)
ISR
RxDB
INTERNAL DATABUS
BAUD RATE
GENERATOR
TIMING
TIMING
CONTROL
IVR
INPUT PORT
CHANGE OF
STATE
DETECTORS (4)
6
IP0-IP5
IPCR
ACR
CLOCK
SELECTORS
COUNTER/
TIMER
OUTPUT PORT
FUNCTION
SELECT LOGIC
X1/CLK
XTAL OSC
8
OP0-OP7
OPCR
X2
OPR
CSRA
CSRB
ACR
U
CTLR
CTLR
VCC
GND
SD00108
Figure 2. Block Diagram
1998 Sep 04
4
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCN68681
PIN DESCRIPTION
SYMBOL
D0-D7
TYPE
NAME AND FUNCTION
I/O
Data Bus: Bidirectional 3-State data bus used to transfer commands, data and status between the DUART and the
CPU. D0 is the least significant bit.
CSN
I
Chip Select: Active-Low input signal. When Low, data transfers between the CPU and the DUART are enabled on
D0-D7 as controlled by the R/WN, RDN and A1-A4 inputs. When High, places the D0-D7 lines in the 3-State condition.
R/WN
I
Read/Write: A High input indicates a read cycle and a Low input indicates a write cycle, when a cycle is initiated by
assertion of the CSN input.
A1-A4
I
Address Inputs: Select the DUART internal registers and ports for read/write operations.
RESETN
I
Reset: A Low level clears internal registers (SRA, SRB, IMR, ISR, OPR, OPCR), initializes the IVR to hex 0F, puts
OP0-OP7 in the High state, stops the counter/timer, and puts Channel A and B in the inactive state, with the TxDA
and TxDB outputs in the mark (High) state. Clears Test modes, sets MR pointer to MR1.
DTACKN
O
Data Transfer Acknowledge: Three-state active Low output asserted in write, read, or interrupt cycles to indicate
proper transfer of data between the CPU and the DUART.
INTRN
O
Interrupt Request: Active-Low, open-drain, output which signals the CPU that one or more of the eight maskable
interrupting conditions are true.
IACKN
I
Interrupt Acknowledge: Active-Low input indicating an interrupt acknowledge cycle. In response, the DUART will
place the interrupt vector on the data bus and will assert DTACKN if it has an interrupt pending.
X1/CLK
I
Crystal 1: Crystal connection or an external clock input. A crystal of a clock the appropriate frequency (nominally
3.6864 MHz) must be supplied at all times. For crystal connections see Figure 9, Clock Timing.
X2
I
Crystal 2: Crystal connection. See Figure 9. If a crystal is not used it is best to keep this pin not connected although
it is permissible to ground it.
RxDA
I
Channel A Receiver Serial Data Input: The least significant bit is received first. “Mark” is High, “space” is Low.
RxDB
I
Channel B Receiver Serial Data Input: The least significant bit is received first. “Mark” is High, “space” is Low.
TxDA
O
Channel A Transmitter Serial Data Output: The least significant bit is transmitted first. This output is held in the
“mark” condition when the transmitter is disabled, idle or when operating in local loopback mode. “Mark” is High,
“space” is Low.
TxDB
O
Channel B Transmitter Serial Data Output: The least significant bit is transmitted first. This output is held in the
‘mark’ condition when the transmitter is disabled, idle, or when operating in local loopback mode. ‘Mark’ is High,
‘space’ is Low.
OP0
O
Output 0: General purpose output or Channel A request to send (RTSAN, active-Low). Can be deactivated
automatically on receive or transmit.
OP1
O
Output 1: General purpose output or Channel B request to send (RTSBN, active-Low). Can be deactivated
automatically on receive or transmit.
OP2
O
Output 2: General purpose output, or Channel A transmitter 1X or 16X clock output, or Channel A receiver 1X clock
output.
OP3
O
Output 3: General purpose output or open-drain, active-Low counter/timer output or Channel B transmitter 1X clock
output, or Channel B receiver 1X clock output.
OP4
O
Output 4: General purpose output or Channel A open-drain, active-Low, RxRDYA/FFULLA output.
OP5
O
Output 5: General purpose output or Channel B open-drain, active-Low, RxRDYB/FFULLB output.
OP6
O
Output 6: General purpose output or Channel A open-drain, active-Low, TxRDYA output.
OP7
O
Output 7: General purpose output, or Channel B open-drain, active-Low, TxRDYB output.
IP0
I
Input 0: General purpose input or Channel A clear to send active-Low input (CTSAN). Pin has an internal VCC
pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 A of current.
IP1
I
Input 1: General purpose input or Channel B clear to send active-Low input (CTSBN). Pin has an internal VCC
pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 A of current.
IP2
I
Input 2: General purpose input, or Channel B receiver external clock input (RxCB), or counter/timer external clock
input. When the external clock is used by the receiver, the received data is sampled on the rising edge of the clock.
Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 A of current.
IP3
I
Input 3: General purpose input or Channel A transmitter external clock input (TxCA). When the external clock is
used by the transmitter, the transmitted data is clocked on the falling edge of the clock. Pin has an internal VCC
pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 A of current.
IP4
I
Input 4: General purpose input or Channel A receiver external clock input (RxCA). When the external clock is used
by the receiver, the received data is sampled on the rising edge of the clock. Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device
supplying 1 to 4 A of current.
IP5
I
Input 5: General purpose input or Channel B transmitter external clock input (TxCB). When the external clock is
used by the transmitter, the transmitted data is clocked on the falling edge of the clock. Pin has an internal VCC
pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 A of current.
VCC
I
Power Supply: +5V supply input.
GND
I
Ground:
1998 Sep 04
5
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOL
SCN68681
TA = -40°C to +85°C, VCC = 5.0V ± 10%1, 2, 3
PARAMETER
VIL
VIH
VIH
VIH
Input low voltage
Input high voltage (except X1/CLK)5
Input high voltage (except X1/CLK)4
Input high voltage (X1/CLK)
VOL
VOH
VOH
Output low voltage
Output high voltage (except o.d. outputs)5
Output high voltage (except o.d. outputs)4
IIL
ILL
Input leakage current
Data bus 3-State leakage current
IX1L
X1/CLK low input current
IX1H
X1/CLK high input current
IX2L
IX2H
X2 low input current
X2 high input current
IOC
ICC
Open-collector output leakage current
Power supply current
0°C to +70°C version
-40°C to +85°C version
TEST CONDITIONS
LIMITS
Min
Typ
Max
UNIT
0.8
2
2.5
4
IOL = 2.4mA
IOH = -400µA
IOH = -400µA
2.4
2.9
VIN = 0 to VCC
VO = 0.4 to VCC
–10
–10
VIN = 0, X2 grounded
VIN = 0, X2 floated
VIN = VCC, X2 grounded
VIN = VCC, X2 floated
VIN = 0, X1/CLK floated
VIN = VCC, X1/CLK floated
-4
-3
-1
0
-100
0
VO = 0.4 to VCC
V
0.4
–10
V
-2
-1.5
0.2
3.5
-30
+30
10
10
µA
0
0
1
10
0
100
mA
mA
mA
mA
µA
µA
10
µA
150
175
mA
mA
NOTES:
1. Parameters are valid over specified temperature range. See Ordering information table for applicable operating temperature range and VCC
supply range.
2. All voltage measurements are referenced to ground (GND). For testing, all inputs except X1/CLK swing between 0.4V and 2.4V with a
transition time of 20ns maximum. For X1/CLK this swing is between 0.4V and 4.4V. All time measurements are referenced at input voltages
of 0.8V and 2.0V as appropriate.
3. Typical values are at +25°C, typical supply voltages, and typical processing parameters.
4. TA < 0°C
5. TA > 0°C
1998 Sep 04
6
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
AC CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOL
SCN68681
TA = -40°C to +85°C, VCC = 5.0V ± 10% 1, 2, 3, 4
LIMITS
PARAMETER
Min
Typ3
Max
UNIT
Reset Timing (See Figure 3)
tRES
RESETN pulse width
200
ns
Bus Timing (See Figures 4, 5, 6)
tAS
A1-A4 setup time to CSN Low
10
ns
tAH
A1-A4 hold time from CSN Low
100
ns
tRWS
RWN setup time to CSN High
0
ns
tRWH
RWN holdup time to CSN High
0
ns
tCSW
CSN High pulse width
90
ns
tCSD5
CSN or IACKN High from DTACKN Low
20
ns
tDD
Data valid from CSN or IACKN Low
175
ns
tDF
Data bus floating from CSN or IACKN High7
100
ns
tDS
Data setup time to CLK High
100
ns
tDH
Data hold time from CSN High
20
ns
tDAL
DTACKN Low from read data valid
0
ns
tDCR
DTACKN Low (read cycle) from CLK High
125
ns
tDCW
DTACKN Low (write cycle) from CLK High
125
ns
tDAH
DTACKN High from CSN or IACKN High
100
ns
tDAT
DTACKN High impedance from CSN or IACKN High
125
ns
6
tCSC
CSN or IACKN setup time to clock High
90
ns
Port Timing (See Figure 7)
tPS
Port input setup time to CSN Low
0
ns
tPH
Port input hold time from CSN High
0
ns
tPD
Port output valid from CSN High
400
ns
Interrupt Reset Timing (See Figure 8)
INTRN or OP3-OP7 when used as interrupts negated from:
Read RHR (RxRDY/FFULL interrupt)
300
ns
Write THR (TxRDY interrupt)
300
ns
tIR
Reset command (delta break interrupt)
300
ns
Stop C/T command (counter interrupt)
300
ns
Read IPCR (input port change interrupt)
300
ns
Write IMR (clear of interrupt mask bit)
300
ns
Clock Timing (See Figure 9)
tCLK
X1/CLK High or Low time
100
ns
fCLK8
X1/CLK frequency
0
3.6864
4.0
MHz
tCTC
CTCLK High or Low time
100
ns
fCTC
CTCLK frequency
0
4.0
MHz
tRX
RxC High or Low time
220
ns
fRX
RxC frequency (16X)
0
2.0
MHz
(1X)
0
1.0
MHz
tTX
TxC High or Low time
220
ns
fTX
TxC frequency (16X)
0
2.0
MHz
(1X)
0
1.0
MHz
Transmitter Timing (See Figure 10)
tTXD
TxD output delay from TxC external clock input on IP pin
350
ns
tTCS
Output delay from TxC low at OP pin to TxD data output
150
ns
Receiver Timing (See Figure 11)
tRXS
RxD data setup time before RxC high at external clock input on IP pin
240
ns
tRXH
RxD data hold time after RxC high at external clock input on IP pin
200
ns
NOTES:
1. Parameters are valid over specified temp. range. See Ordering information table for applicable operating temp. and VCC supply range.
2. All voltage measurements are referenced to ground (GND). For testing, all inputs except X1/CLK swing between 0.4V and 2.4V with
a transition time of 20ns maximum. For X1/CLK this swing is between 0.4V and 4.4V. All time measurements are referenced at input
voltages of 0.8V and 2.0V as appropriate.
3. Typical values are at +25°C, typical supply voltages, and typical processing parameters.
4. Test conditions for outputs: CL = 150pF, except interrupt outputs. Test condition for interrupt outputs: CL = 50pF, RL = 2.7kΩ to VCC.
5. This specification will impose maximum 68000 CPU CLK to 6MHz. Higher CPU CLK can be used if repeating bus reads are not performed.
Consecutive write operations to the same command register require at least three edges of the X1 clock between writes.
6. This specification imposes a lower bound on CSN and IACKN Low, guaranteeing that it will be Low for at least 1 CLK period. This
requirement is made on CSN only to insure assertion of DTACKN and not to guarantee operation of the part.
7. This spec is made only to insure that DTACKN is asserted with respect to the rising edge of the X1/CLK pin as shown in the timing diagram,
not to guarantee operation of the part. If setup time is violated, DTACKN may be asserted as shown, or may be asserted 1 clock cycle later.
8. Operation to 0MHz is assured by design. Minimum test frequency is 2.0MHz.
1998 Sep 04
7
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
• In the timer mode it generates a square wave.
• In the counter mode it generates a time delay.
• In the time out mode it monitors the receiver data flow and signals
BLOCK DIAGRAM
The SCN68681 DUART consists of the following eight major
sections: data bus buffer, operation control, interrupt control, timing,
communications Channels A and B, input port and output port.
Refer to the Block Diagram.
data flow has paused. In the time out mode the receiver controls
the starting/stopping of the C/T.
Data Bus Buffer
The data bus buffer provides the interface between the external and
internal data buses. It is controlled by the operation control block to
allow read and write operations to take place between the controlling
CPU and the DUART.
The counter operates as a down counter and sets its output bit in
the ISR (Interrupt Status Register) each time it passes through 0.
The output of the counter/timer may be seen on one of the OP pins
or as an Rx or Tx clock.
Operation Control
The Timer/Counter is controlled with six (6) “commands”; Start C/T,
Stop C/T, write C/T, preset registers, read C/T value, set or reset
time out mode.
The operation control logic receives operation commands from the
CPU and generates appropriate signals to internal sections to
control device operation. It contains address decoding and read and
write circuits to permit communications with the microprocessor via
the data bus buffer. The DTACKN output is asserted during write
and read cycles to indicate to the CPU that data has been latched
on a write cycle, or that valid data is present on the bus on a read
cycle.
Please see the detail of the commands under the Counter/Timer
register descriptions.
Communications Channels A and B
Each communications channel of the SCN68681 comprises a
full-duplex asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART). The
operating frequency for each receiver and transmitter can be
selected independently from the baud rate generator, the counter
timer, or from an external input.
Interrupt Control
A single active-Low interrupt output (INTRN) is provided which is
activated upon the occurrence of any of eight internal events.
Associated with the interrupt system are the Interrupt Mask Register
(IMR) and the Interrupt Status Register (ISR), the Auditory Control
Register(ACR) and the Interrupt Vector Register (IVR). The IMR
may be programmed to select only certain conditions to cause
INTRN to be asserted. The ISR can be read by the CPU to
determine all currently active interrupting conditions. When IACKN
is asserted, and the DUART has an interrupt pending, the DUART
responds by placing the contents of the IVR register on the data bus
and asserting DTACKN.
The transmitter accepts parallel data from the CPU, converts it to a
serial bit stream, inserts the appropriate start, stop, and optional
parity bits and outputs a composite serial stream of data on the TxD
output pin. The receiver accepts serial data on the RxD pin,
converts this serial input to parallel format, checks for start bit, stop
bit, parity bit (if any), or break condition and sends an assembled
character to the CPU.
The input port pulse detection circuitry uses a 38.4kHz sampling
clock derived from one of the baud rate generator taps. This results
in a sampling period of slightly more than 25µs (assuming that the
clock input is 3.6864MHz). The detection circuitry, in order to
guarantee a true change in level has occurred, requires that two
successive samples at the new logic level be observed. As a
consequence, the minimum duration of the signal change is 25µs if
the transition occurs coincident with the first sample pulse. The
50µs time refers to the situation in which the change of state is just
missed and the first change of state is not detected until 25µs later.
Outputs OP3-OP7 can be programmed to provide discrete interrupt
outputs for the transmitter, receivers, and counter/timer.
Timing Circuits
The timing block consists of a crystal oscillator, a baud rate
generator, a programmable 16-bit counter/timer, and four clock
selectors. The crystal oscillator operates directly from a crystal
connected across the X1/CLK and X2 inputs. If an external clock of
the appropriate frequency is available, it may be connected to
X1/CLK. The clock serves as the basic timing reference for the
Baud Rate Generator (BRG), the counter/timer, and other internal
circuits. A clock signal within the limits specified in the
specifications section of this data sheet must always be supplied to
the DUART. If an external is used instead of a crystal, X1 should be
driven using a configuration similar to the one in Figure 9.
Input Port
The inputs to this unlatched 6-bit port can be read by the CPU by
performing a read operation at address H‘D’. A High input results in
a logic 1 while a Low input results in a logic 0. D7 will always read
as a logic 1 and D6 will reflect the level of IACKN. The pins of this
port can also serve as auxiliary inputs to certain portions of the
DUART logic.
The baud rate generator operates from the oscillator or external
clock input and is capable of generating 18 commonly used data
communications baud rates ranging from 50 to 38.4k baud. The
clock outputs from the BRG are at 16X the actual baud rate. The
counter/timer can be used as a timer to produce a 16X clock for any
other baud rate by counting down the crystal clock or an external
clock. The four clock selectors allow the independent selection, for
each receiver and transmitter, of any of these baud rates or external
timing signal.
Four change-of-state detectors are provided which are associated
with inputs IP3, IP2, IP1 and IP0. A High-to-Low or Low-to-High
transition of these inputs, lasting longer than 25 - 50µs, will set the
corresponding bit in the input port change register. The bits are
cleared when the register is read by the CPU. Any change-of-state
can also be programmed to generate an interrupt to the CPU.
All the IP pins have a small pull-up device that will source 1 to 4 A
of current from VCC. These pins do not require pull-up devices or
VCC connections if they are not used.
Counter/Timer (C/T)
The counter timer is a 16 bit programmable divider that operates
one of three modes: Counter, Timer or Time Out mode. In all three
modes it uses the 16-bit value loaded to the CTUR and CTLR
registers. (Counter timer upper and lower preset registers).
1998 Sep 04
SCN68681
Output Port
The 8-bit multipurpose output port can be used as a general
purpose output port, in which case the outputs are the complements
8
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
clock for 7-1/2 clocks (16X clock mode) or at the next rising edge of
the bit time clock (1X clock mode). If RxD is sampled High, the start
bit is invalid and the search for a valid start bit begins again. If RxD
is still Low, a valid start bit is assumed and the receiver continues to
sample the input at one bit time intervals at the theoretical center of
the bit, until the proper number of data bits and parity bit (if any)
have been assembled, and one stop bit has been detected. The
least significant bit is received first. The data is then transferred to
the Receive Holding Register (RHR) and the RxRDY bit in the SR is
set to a 1. This condition can be programmed to generate an
interrupt at OP4 or OP5 and INTRN. If the character length is less
than 8 bits, the most significant unused bits in the RHR are set to
zero.
of the Output Port Register (OPR). OPR[n] = 1 results in
OP[n] = Low and vice versa. Bits of the OPR can be individually set
and reset. A bit is set by performing a write operation at address
H’E’ with the accompanying data specifying the bits to be reset (1 =
set, 0 = no change). Likewise, a bit is reset by a write at address
H’F’ with the accompanying data specifying the bits to be reset (1 =
reset, 0 = no change).
Outputs can be also individually assigned specific functions by
appropriate programming of the Channel A mode registers (MR1A,
MR2A), the Channel B mode registers (MR1B, MR2B), and the
Output Port Configuration Register (OPCR).
Please note that these pins drive both high and low. HOWEVER
when they are programmed to represent interrupt type functions
(such as receiver ready, transmitter ready or counter/timer ready)
they will be switched to an open drain configuration in which case an
external pull-up device would be required.
After the stop bit is detected, the receiver will immediately look for
the next start bit. However, if a non-zero character was received
without a stop bit (framing error) and RxD remains Low for one half
of the bit period after the stop bit was sampled, then the receiver
operates as if a new start bit transition had been detected at that
point (one-half bit time after the stop bit was sampled).
OPERATION
Transmitter
The parity error, framing error, and overrun error (if any) are strobed
into the SR at the received character boundary, before the RxRDY
status bit is set. If a break condition is detected (RxD is Low for the
entire character including the stop bit), a character consisting of all
zeros will be loaded into the RHR and the received break bit in the
SR is set to 1. The RxD input must return to high for two (2) clock
edges of the X1 crystal clock for the receiver to recognize the end of
the break condition and begin the search for a start bit. This will
usually require a high time of one X1 clock period or 3 X1
edges since the clock of the controller is not synchronous to
the X1 clock.
The SCN68681 is conditioned to transmit data when the transmitter
is enabled through the command register. The SCN68681 indicates
to the CPU that it is ready to accept a character by setting the
TxRDY bit in the status register. This condition can be programmed
to generate an interrupt request at OP6 or OP7 and INTRN. When
a character is loaded into the Transmit Holding Register (THR), the
above conditions are negated. Data is transferred from the holding
register to transmit shift register when it is idle or has completed
transmission of the previous character. The TxRDY conditions are
then asserted again which means one full character time of buffering
is provided. Characters cannot be loaded into the THR while the
transmitter is disabled.
Receiver FIFO
The RHR consists of a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) stack with a
capacity of three characters. Data is loaded from the receive shift
register into the topmost empty position of the FIFO. The RxRDY bit
in the status register is set whenever one or more characters are
available to be read, and a FFULL status bit is set if all three stack
positions are filled with data. Either of these bits can be selected to
cause an interrupt. A read of the RHR outputs the data at the top of
the FIFO. After the read cycle, the data FIFO and its associated
status bits (see below) are ‘popped’ thus emptying a FIFO position
for new data.
The transmitter converts the parallel data from the CPU to a serial
bit stream on the TxD output pin. It automatically sends a start bit
followed by the programmed number of data bits, an optional parity
bit, and the programmed number of stop bits. The least significant
bit is sent first. Following the transmission of the stop bits, if a new
character is not available in the THR, the TxD output remains High
and the TxEMT bit in the Status Register (SR) will be set to 1.
Transmission resumes and the TxEMT bit is cleared when the CPU
loads a new character into the THR. If the transmitter is disabled, it
continues operating until the character currently being transmitted is
completely sent out. The transmitter can be forced to send a
continuous Low condition by issuing a send break command.
Receiver Status Bits
In addition to the data word, three status bits (parity error, framing
error, and received break) are also appended to each data character
in the FIFO (overrun is not). Status can be provided in two ways, as
programmed by the error mode control bit in the mode register. In
the ‘character’ mode, status is provided on a character-by-character
basis; the status applies only to the character at the top of the FIFO.
In the ‘block’ mode, the status provided in the SR for these three bits
is the logical-OR of the status for all characters coming to the top of
the FIFO since the last ‘reset error’ command was issued. In either
mode reading the SR does not affect the FIFO. The FIFO is
‘popped’ only when the RHR is read. Therefore the status register
should be read prior to reading the FIFO.
The transmitter can be reset through a software command. If it is
reset, operation ceases immediately and the transmitter must be
enabled through the command register before resuming operation.
If CTS operation is enable, the CTSN input must be Low in order for
the character to be transmitted. If it goes High in the middle of a
transmission, the character in the shift register is transmitted and
TxDA then remains in the marking state until CTSN goes Low. The
transmitter can also control the deactivation of the RTSN output. If
programmed, the RTSN output will be reset one bit time after the
character in the transmit shift register and transmit holding register
(if any) are completely transmitted, if the transmitter has been
disabled.
If the FIFO is full when a new character is received, that character is
held in the receive shift register until a FIFO position is available. If
an additional character is received while this state exits, the
contents of the FIFO are not affected; the character previously in the
shift register is lost and the overrun error status bit (SR[4]) will be
set-upon receipt of the start bit of the new (overrunning) character).
Receiver
The SCN68681 is conditioned to receive data when enabled through
the command register. The receiver looks for a High-to-Low
(mark-to-space) transition of the start bit on the RxD input pin. If a
transition is detected, the state of the RxD pin is sampled each 16X
1998 Sep 04
SCN68681
9
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
CPU should program the mode register prior to loading the
corresponding data bits into the THR.
The receiver can control the deactivation of RTS. If programmed to
operate in this mode, the RTSN output will be negated when a valid
start bit was received and the FIFO is full. When a FIFO position
becomes available, the RTSN output will be re-asserted
automatically. This feature can be used to prevent an overrun, in
the receiver, by connecting the RTSN output to the CTSN input of
the transmitting device.
In this mode, the receiver continuously looks at the received data
stream, whether it is enabled or disabled. If disabled, it sets the
RxRDY status bit and loads the character into the RHR FIFO if the
received A/D bit is a one (address tag), but discards the received
character if the received A/D bit is a zero (data tag). If enabled, all
received characters are transferred to the CPU via the RHR. In
either case, the data bits are loaded into the data FIFO while the
A/D bit is loaded into the status FIFO position normally used for
parity error (SRA[5] or SRB[5]). Framing error, overrun error, and
break detect operate normally whether or not the receive is enabled.
Receiver Reset and Disable
Receiver disable stops the receiver immediately – data being
assembled if the receiver shift register is lost. Data and status in the
FIFO is preserved and may be read. A re-enable of the receiver after
a disable will cause the receiver to begin assembling characters at the
next start bit detected. A receiver reset will discard the present shift
register data, reset the receiver ready bit (RxRDY), clear the status of
the byte at the top of the FIFO and re-align the FIFO read/write
pointers. This has the appearance of “clearing or flushing” the
receiver FIFO. In fact, the FIFO is NEVER cleared! The data in the
FIFO remains valid until overwritten by another received character.
Because of this, erroneous reading or extra reads of the receiver
FIFO will miss-align the FIFO pointers and result in the reading of
previously read data. A receiver reset will re-align the pointers.
PROGRAMMING
The operation of the DUART is programmed by writing control words
into the appropriate registers. Operational feedback is provided via
status registers which can be read by the CPU. The addressing of
the registers is described in Table 1.
The contents of certain control registers are initialized to zero on
RESET. Care should be exercised if the contents of a register are
changed during operation, since certain changes may cause
operational problems.
Multidrop Mode
The DUART is equipped with a wake up mode for multidrop
applications. This mode is selected by programming bits MR1A[4:3] or
MR1B[4:3] to ‘11’ for Channels A and B, respectively. In this mode of
operation, a ‘master’ station transmits an address character followed by
data characters for the addressed ‘slave’ station. The slave stations,
with receivers that are normally disabled, examine the received data
stream and ‘wake up’ the CPU (by setting RxRDY) only upon receipt of
an address character. The CPU compares the received address to its
station address and enables the receiver if it wishes to receive the
subsequent data characters. Upon receipt of another address character,
the CPU may disable the receiver to initiate the process again.
For example, changing the number of bits per character while the
transmitter is active may cause the transmission of an incorrect
character. In general, the contents of the MR, the CSR, and the
OPCR should only be changed while the receiver(s) and
transmitter(s) are not enabled, and certain changes to the ACR
should only be made while the C/T is stopped.
Mode registers 1 and 2 of each channel are accessed via
independent auxiliary pointers. The pointer is set to MR1x by RESET
or by issuing a ‘reset pointer’ command via the corresponding
command register. Any read or write of the mode register while the
pointer is at MR1x, switches the pointer to MR2x. The pointer then
remains at MR2x, so that subsequent accesses are always to MR2x
unless the pointer is reset to MR1x as described above.
A transmitted character consists of a start bit, the programmed
number of data bits, and Address/Data (A/D) bit, and the
programmed number of stop bits. The polarity of the transmitted
A/D bit is selected by the CPU by programming bit
MR1A[2]/MR1B[2]. MR1A[2]/MR1B[2] = 0 transmits a zero in the
A/D bit position, which identifies the corresponding data bits as data
while MR1A[2]/MR1B[2] = 1 transmits a one in the A/D bit position,
which identifies the corresponding data bits as an address. The
Table 1.
SCN68681
Mode, command, clock select, and status registers are duplicated
for each channel to provide total independent operation and control.
Refer to Table 2 for register bit descriptions. The reserved
registers at addresses H‘02’ and H‘OA’ should never be read during
normal operation since they are reserved for internal diagnostics.
SCN68681 Register Addressing
A4
A3
A2
A1
READ (R/WN = 1)
WRITE (R/WN = 0)
0
0
0
0
Mode Register A (MR1A, MR2A)
Mode Register A (MR1A, MR2A)
0
0
0
1
Status Register A (SRA)
Clock Select Register A (CSRA)
0
0
1
0
BRG Test
Command Register A (CRA)
0
0
1
1
Rx Holding Register A (RHRA)
Tx Holding Register A (THRA)
0
1
0
0
Input Port Change Register (IPCR)
Aux. Control Register (ACR)
0
1
0
1
Interrupt Status Register (ISR)
Interrupt Mask Register (IMR)
0
1
1
0
Counter/Timer Upper Value (CTU)
C/T Upper Preset Value (CRUR)
0
1
1
1
Counter/Timer Lower Value (CTL)
C/T Lower Preset Value (CTLR)
1
0
0
0
Mode Register B (MR1B, MR2B)
Mode Register B (MR1B, MR2B)
1
0
0
1
Status Register B (SRB)
Clock Select Register B (CSRB)
1
0
1
0
1X/16X Test
Command Register B (CRB)
1
0
1
1
Rx Holding Register B (RHRB)
Tx Holding Register B (THRB)
1
1
0
0
Interrupt Vector Register (IVR)
Interrupt Vector Register (IVR)
1
1
0
1
Input Ports IP0 to IP6
Output Port Conf. Register (OPCR)
1
1
1
0
Start Counter Command
Set Output Port Bits Command
1
1
1
1
Stop Counter Command
Reset Output Port Bits Command
* See Table 6 for BRG Test frequencies in this data sheet, and “Extended baud rates for SCN2681, SCN68681, SCC2691, SCC2692,
SCC68681 and SCC2698B” in application notes elsewhere in this publication
1998 Sep 04
10
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
Table 2.
SCN68681
Register Bit Formats
MR1A
MR1B
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
RxRTS
CONTROL
RxINT
SELECT
ERROR
MODE*
BIT 4
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = RxRDY
1 = FFULL
0 = Char
1 = Block
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
PARITY MODE
PARITY
TYPE
BITS PER
CHARACTER
00 = With Parity
01 = Force Parity
10 = No Parity
11 = Multidrop Mode
0 = Even
1 = Odd
00 = 5
01 = 6
10 = 7
11 = 8
NOTE:
*In block error mode, block error conditions must be cleared by using the error reset command (command 4x) or a receiver reset.
BIT 7
MR2A
MR2B
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
CHANNEL MODE
TxRTS
CONTROL
CTS
ENABLE Tx
BIT 3
00 = Normal
01 = Auto-Echo
10 = Local loop
11 = Remote loop
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
STOP BIT LENGTH*
0 = 0.563
1 = 0.625
2 = 0.688
3 = 0.750
4 = 0.813
5 = 0.875
6 = 0.938
7 = 1.000
8 = 1.563
9 = 1.625
A = 1.688
B = 1.750
C = 1.813
D = 1.875
E = 1.938
F = 2.000
NOTE:
*Add 0.5 to values shown for 0 - 7 if channel is programmed for 5 bits/char.
BIT 7
BIT 6
CSRA
CSRB
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
RECEIVER CLOCK SELECT
TRANSMITTER CLOCK SELECT
See Text
See Text
NOTE:
* See Table 6 for BRG Test frequencies in this data sheet, and “Extended baud rates for SCN2681, SCN68681, SCC2691, SCC2692,
SCC68681 and SCC2698B” in application notes elsewhere in this publication
BIT 7
CRA
CRB
BIT 6
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS
BIT 5
DISABLE Tx
ENABLE Tx
DISABLE Rx
ENABLE Rx
See Text
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
Not used –
should be 0
BIT 4
NOTE:
*Access to the upper four bits of the command register should be separated by three (3) edges of the X1 clock. A disabled transmitter cannot
be loaded.
SRA
SRB
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
RECEIVED
BREAK*
FRAMING
ERROR*
PARITY
ERROR*
OVERRUN
ERROR
TxEMT
TxRDY
FFULL
RxRDY
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
NOTE:
*These status bits are appended to the corresponding data character in the receive FIFO. A read of the status provides these bits (7:5) from the
top of the FIFO together with bits (4:0). These bits are cleared by a “reset error status” command. In character mode they are discarded when
the corresponding data character is read from the FIFO. In block error mode, block error conditions must be cleared by using the error reset
command (command 4x) or a receiver reset.
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
OP7
OP6
OP5
OP4
0 = OPR[7]
1 = TxRDYB
0 = OPR[6]
1 = TxRDYA
0 = OPR[5]
1 = RxRDY/
FFULLB
0 = OPR[4]
1 = RxRDY/
FFULLA
OPCR
OPR
OPR bit
BIT 7
0
BIT 6
1
0
BIT 5
1
0
1
0
BIT 2
BIT 1
OP3
BIT 3
BIT 0
OP2
00 = OPR[3]
01 = C/T OUTPUT
10 = TxCB(1x)
11 = RxCB(1x)
BIT 4
OP pin
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
NOTE:
The level at the OP pin is the inverse of the bit in the OPR register.
1998 Sep 04
BIT 3
00 = OPR[2]
01 = TxCA(16x)
10 = TxCA(1x)
11 = RxCA(1x)
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
11
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
Table 2.
Register Bit Formats (Continued)
BIT 7
ACR
IPCR
ISR
IMR
SCN68681
BIT 6
BIT 5
BRG SET
SELECT
COUNTER/TIMER
MODE AND SOURCE
0 = set 1
1 = set 2
See Table 4
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
DELTA
IP3 INT
DELTA
IP2 INT
DELTA
IP1 INT
DELTA
IP0 INT
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
DELTA
IP3
DELTA
IP2
DELTA
IP1
DELTA
IP0
IP3
IP2
IP1
IP0
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = Low
1 = High
0 = Low
1 = High
0 = Low
1 = High
0 = Low
1 = High
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
INPUT
PORT
CHANGE
DELTA
BREAK B
RxRDY/
FFULLB
TxRDYB
COUNTER
READY
DELTA
BREAK A
RxRDY/
FFULLA
TxRDYA
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
IN. PORT
CHANGE
INT
DELTA
BREAK B
INT
RxRDY/
FFULLB
INT
TxRDYB
INT
COUNTER
READY
INT
DELTA
BREAK A
INT
RxRDY/
FFULLA
INT
TxRDYA
INT
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
0 = Off
1 = On
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
CTUR
C/T[15]
C/T[14]
C/T[13]
C/T[12]
C/T[11]
C/T[10]
C/T[9]
C/T[8]
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
CTLR
C/T[7]
C/T[6]
C/T[5]
C/T[4]
C/T[3]
C/T[2]
C/T[1]
C/T[0]
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
IVR
IVR[7]
IVR[6]
IVR[5]
IVR[4]
IVR[3]
IVR[2]
IVR[1]
IVR[0]
MR1A[5] – Channel A Error Mode Select
This bit select the operating mode of the three FIFOed status bits
(FE, PE, received break) for Channel A. In the ‘character’ mode,
status is provided on a character-by-character basis; the status
applies only to the character at the top of the FIFO. In the ‘block”
mode, the status provided in the SR for these bits is the
accumulation (logical-OR) of the status for all characters coming to
the top of the FIFO since the last ‘reset error’ command for Channel
A was issued.
MR1A – Channel A Mode Register 1
MR1A is accessed when the Channel A MR pointer points to MR1.
The pointer is set to MR1 by RESET or by a ‘set pointer’ command
applied via CRA. After reading or writing MR1A, the pointer will
point to MR2A.
MR1A[7] – Channel A Receiver Request-to-Send Control
This bit controls the deactivation of the RTSAN output (OP0) by the
receiver. This output is normally asserted by setting OPR[0] and
negated by resetting OPR[0]. MR1A[7] = 1 causes RTSAN to be
negated upon receipt of a valid start bit if the Channel A FIFO is full.
However, OPR[0] is not reset and RTSAN will be asserted again
when an empty FIFO position is available. This feature can be used
for flow control to prevent overrun in the receiver by using the
RTSAN output signal to control the CTSN input of the transmitting
device.
MR1A[4:3| – Channel A Parity Mode Select
If ‘with parity’ or ‘force parity’ is selected a parity bit is added to the
transmitted character and the receiver performs a parity check on
incoming data MR1A[4:3] = 11 selects Channel A to operate in the
special multidrop mode described in the Operation section.
MR1A[2] – Channel A Parity Type Select
This bit selects the parity type (odd or even) if the ‘with parity’ mode
is programmed by MR1A[4:3], and the polarity of the forced parity bit
if the ‘force parity’ mode is programmed. It has no effect if the ‘no
parity’ mode is programmed. In the special multidrop mode it
selects the polarity of the A/D bit.
MR1A[6] – Channel A Receiver Interrupt Select
This bit selects either the Channel A receiver ready status (RxRDY)
or the Channel A FIFO full status (FFULL) to be used for CPU
interrupts. It also causes the selected bit to be output on OP4 if it is
programmed as an interrupt output via the OPCR.
1998 Sep 04
12
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
The user must exercise care when switching into and out of the
various modes. The selected mode will be activated immediately
upon mode selection, even if this occurs in the middle of a received
or transmitted character. Likewise, if a mode is deselected the
device will switch out of the mode immediately. An exception to this
is switching out of autoecho or remote loopback modes: if the
de-selection occurs just after the receiver has sampled the stop bit
(indicated in autoecho by assertion of RxRDY), and the transmitter
is enabled, the transmitter will remain in autoecho mode until the
entire stop has been re-transmitted.
MR1A[1:0] – Channel A Bits Per Character Select
This field selects the number of data bits per character to be
transmitted and received. The character length does not include the
start, parity, and stop bits.
MR2A – Channel A Mode Register 2
MR2A is accessed when the Channel A MR pointer points to MR2,
which occurs after any access to MR1A. Accesses to MR2A do not
change the pointer.
MR2A[7:6] – Channel A Mode Select
Each channel of the DUART can operate in one of four modes.
MR2A[7:6] = 00 is the normal mode, with the transmitter and
receiver operating independently. MR2A[7:6] = 01 places the
channel in the automatic echo mode, which automatically
re-transmits the received data. The following conditions are true
while in automatic echo mode:
1. Received data is re-clocked and re-transmitted on the TxDA
output.
MR2A[5] – Channel A Transmitter Request-to-Send Control
CAUTION: When the transmitter controls the OP pin (usually used
for the RTSN signal) the meaning of the pin is not RTSN at all!
Rather, it signals that the transmitter has finished the transmission
(i.e., end of block).
This bit allows deactivation of the RTSN output by the transmitter.
This output is manually asserted and negated by the appropriate
commands issued via the command register. MR2[5] set to 1
caused the RTSN to be reset automatically one bit time after the
character(s) in the transmit shift register and in the THR (if any) are
completely transmitted (including the programmed number of stop
bits) if a previously issued transmitter disable is pending. This
feature can be used to automatically terminate the transmission as
follows:
1. Program the auto-reset mode: MR2[5]=1
2. Enable transmitter, if not already enabled
3. Assert RTSN via command
4. Send message
5. After the last character of the message is loaded to the THR,
disable the transmitter. (If the transmitter is underrun, a special
case exists. See note below.)
6. The last character will be transmitted and the RTSN will be reset
one bit time after the last stop bit is sent.
2. The receive clock is used for the transmitter.
3. The receiver must be enabled, but the transmitter need not be
enabled.
4. The Channel A TxRDY and TxEMT status bits are inactive.
5. The received parity is checked, but is not regenerated for transmission, i.e. transmitted parity bit is as received.
6. Character framing is checked, but the stop bits are retransmitted
as received.
7. A received break is echoed as received until the next valid start
bit is detected.
8. CPU to receiver communication continues normally, but the CPU
to transmitter link is disabled.
Two diagnostic modes can also be configured. MR2A[7:6] = 10
selects local loopback mode. In this mode:
1. The transmitter output is internally connected to the receiver
input.
NOTE: The transmitter is in an underrun condition when both the
TxRDY and the TxEMT bits are set. This condition also exists
immediately after the transmitter is enabled from the disabled or
reset state. When using the above procedure with the transmitter in
the underrun condition, the issuing of the transmitter disable must be
delayed from the loading of a single, or last, character until the
TxRDY becomes active again after the character is loaded.
2. The transmit clock is used for the receiver.
3. The TxDA output is held High.
4. The RxDA input is ignored.
5. The transmitter must be enabled, but the receiver need not be
enabled.
MR2A[4] – Channel A Clear-to-Send Control
If this bit is 0, CTSAN has no effect on the transmitter. If this bit is a
1, the transmitter checks the state of CTSAN (IP0) each time it is
ready to send a character. If IP0 is asserted (Low), the character is
transmitted. If it is negated (High), the TxDA output remains in the
marking state and the transmission is delayed until CTSAN goes
low. Changes in CTSAN while a character is being transmitted do
not affect the transmission of that character.
6. CPU to transmitter and receiver communications continue normally.
The second diagnostic mode is the remote loopback mode, selected
by MR2A[7:6] = 11. In this mode:
1. Received data is re-clocked and re-transmitted on the TxDA
output.
2. The receive clock is used for the transmitter.
MR2A[3:0] – Channel A Stop Bit Length Select
This field programs the length of the stop bit appended to the
transmitted character. Stop bit lengths of 9/16 to 1 and 1-9/16 to 2
bits, in increments of 1/16 bit, can be programmed for character
lengths of 6, 7, and 8 bits. For a character lengths of 5 bits, 1-1/16
to 2 stop bits can be programmed in increments of 1/16 bit. The
receiver only checks for a ‘mark’ condition at the center of the first
stop bit position (one bit time after the last data bit, or after the parity
bit is enabled), in all cases.
3. Received data is not sent to the local CPU, and the error status
conditions are inactive.
4. The received parity is not checked and is not regenerated for
transmission, i.e., transmitted parity is as received.
5. The receiver must be enabled.
6. Character framing is not checked, and the stop bits are retransmitted as received.
7. A received break is echoed as received until the next valid start
bit is detected.
1998 Sep 04
SCN68681
13
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
If an external 1X clock is used for the transmitter, MR2A[3] = 0
selects one stop bit and MR2A[3] = 1 selects two stop bits to be
transmitted.
CSRB[7:4]
1110
1111
MR1B – Channel B Mode Register 1
MR1B is accessed when the Channel B MR pointer points to MR1.
The pointer is set to MR1 by RESET or by a ‘set pointer’ command
applied via CRB. After reading or writing MR1B, the pointer will
point to MR2B.
CSRB[3:0]
1110
1111
MR2B is accessed when the Channel B MR pointer points to MR2,
which occurs after any access to MR1B. Accesses to MR2B do not
change the pointer.
IP5-16X
IP5-1X
Baud Rate ACR[7] = 1
IP5-16X
IP5-1X
CRA[7] – Not Used
Should be set to zero for upward compatibility with newer parts.
CRA[6:4] – Miscellaneous Commands
The encoded value of this field may be used to specify a single
command as follows:
CSRA[3:0] – Channel A Transmitter Clock Select
This field selects the baud rate clock for the Channel A transmitter.
The field definition is as shown in Table 3, except as follows:
IP3-16X
IP3-1X
ACR[7] = 0
CRA is a register used to supply commands to Channel A. Multiple
commands can be specified in a single write to CRA as long as the
commands are non-conflicting, e.g., the ‘enable transmitter’ and
‘reset transmitter’ commands cannot be specified in a single
command word.
CSRA[7:4] – Channel A Receiver Clock Select
This field selects the baud rate clock for the Channel A receiver.
The field definition is shown in Table 3.
IP3-16X
IP3-1X
IP2-16X
IP2-1X
CRA – Channel A Command Register
CSRA – Channel A Clock Select Register
1110
1111
IP2-16X
IP2-1X
The transmitter clock is always a 16X clock except for CSRB[3:0] =
1111.
The bit definitions for mode register are identical to the bit
definitions for MR2A, except that all control actions apply to the
Channel B receiver and transmitter and the corresponding inputs
and outputs.
Baud Rate ACR[7] = 1
Baud Rate ACR[7] = 1
CSRB[3:0] – Channel B Transmitter Clock Select
This field selects the baud rate clock for the Channel B transmitter.
The field definition is as shown in Table 3, except as follows:
MR2B – Channel B Mode Register 2
ACR[7] = 0
ACR[7] = 0
The receiver clock is always a 16X clock except for CSRB[7:4] =
1111.
The bit definitions for this register are identical to MR1A, except that
all control actions apply to the Channel B receiver and transmitter
and the corresponding inputs and outputs.
CSRA[3:0]
SCN68681
CRA[6:4] – COMMAND
NOTE: Access to the upper four bits of the command register should be separated by three
(3) edges of the X1 clock.
000
No command.
The transmitter and receiver clock is always a 16X clock except
for 1111 selection.
001
Reset MR pointer. Causes the Channel A MR pointer to point to MR1.
010
Reset receiver. Resets the Channel A receiver as if a hardware reset had been applied. The receiver is disabled and the FIFO is flushed.
Table 3.
011
Reset transmitter. Resets the Channel A transmitter as if a hardware reset had been
applied.
100
Reset error status. Clears the Channel A Received Break, Parity Error, and Overrun
Error bits in the status register (SRA[7:4]). Used in character mode to clear OE status
(although RB, PE and FE bits will also be cleared) and in block mode to clear all error
status after a block of data has been received.
101
Reset Channel A break change interrupt. Causes the Channel A break detect
change bit in the interrupt status register (ISR[2]) to be cleared to zero.
110
Start break. Forces the TxDA output Low (spacing). If the transmitter is empty the
start of the break condition will be delayed up to two bit times. If the transmitter is
active the break begins when transmission of the character is completed. If a character is in the THR, the start of the break will be delayed until that character, or any other
loaded subsequently are transmitted. The transmitter must be enabled for this command to be accepted.
111
Stop break. The TxDA line will go High (marking) within two bit times. TxDA will
remain High for one bit time before the next character, if any, is transmitted.
Baud Rate Clock = 3.6864 MHz
CSRA[7:4]
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
ACR[7] = 0
50
110
134.5
200
300
600
1,200
1,050
2,400
4,800
7,200
9,600
38.4k
Timer
IP4-16X
IP4-1X
Baud Rate ACR[7] = 1
75
110
134.5
150
300
600
1,200
2,000
2,400
4,800
1,800
9,600
19.2k
Timer
IP4-16X
IP4-1X
CRA[3] – Disable Channel A Transmitter
This command terminates transmitter operation and reset the
TxDRY and TxEMT status bits. However, if a character is being
transmitted or if a character is in the THR when the transmitter is
disabled, the transmission of the character(s) is completed before
assuming the inactive state.
CSRB – Channel B Clock Select Register
CRA[2] – Enable Channel A Transmitter
Enables operation of the Channel A transmitter. The TxRDY status
bit will be asserted.
CSRB[7:4] – Channel B Receiver Clock Select
This field selects the baud rate clock for the Channel B receiver.
The field definition is as shown in Table 3, except as follows:
CRA[1] – Disable Channel A Receiver
This command terminates operation of the receiver immediately – a
character being received will be lost. The command has no effect
See Table 6.
1998 Sep 04
14
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
state. It is always set after transmission of the last stop bit of a
character if no character is in the THR awaiting transmission.
on the receiver status bits or any other control registers. If the
special multidrop mode is programmed, the receiver operates even
if it is disabled. See Operation section.
It is reset when the THR is loaded by the CPU, a pending
transmitter disable is executed, the transmitter is reset, or the
transmitter is disabled while in the underrun condition.
CRA[0] – Enable Channel A Receiver
Enables operation of the Channel A receiver. If not in the special
wake up mode, this also forces the receiver into the search for
start-bit state.
SRA[2] – Channel A Transmitter Ready (TxRDYA)
This bit, when set, indicates that the THR is empty and ready to be
loaded with a character. This bit is cleared when the THR is loaded
by the CPU and is set when the character is transferred to the
transmit shift register. TxRDY is reset when the transmitter is
disabled and is set when the transmitter is first enabled, viz.,
characters loaded into the THR while the transmitter is disabled will
not be transmitted.
CRB – Channel B Command Register
CRB is a register used to supply commands to Channel B. Multiple
commands can be specified in a single write to CRB as long as the
commands are non-conflicting, e.g., the ‘enable transmitter’ and
‘reset transmitter’ commands cannot be specified in a single
command word.
The bit definitions for this register are identical to the bit definitions
for CRA, except that all control actions apply to the Channel B
receiver and transmitter and the corresponding inputs and outputs.,
SRA[1] – Channel A FIFO Full (FFULLA)
This bit is set when a character is transferred from the receive shift
register to the receive FIFO and the transfer causes the FIFO to
become full, i.e., all three FIFO positions are occupied. It is reset
when the CPU reads the RHR. If a character is waiting in the
receive shift register because the FIFO is full, FFULL will not be
reset when the CPU reads the RHR.
SRA – Channel A Status Register
SRA[7] – Channel A Received Break
This bit indicates that an all zero character of the programmed
length has been received without a stop bit. Only a single FIFO
position is occupied when a break is received further entries to the
FIFO are inhibited until the RxDA line to the marking state for at
least one-half a bit time two successive edges of the internal or
external 1X clock. This will usually require a high time of one X1
clock period or 3 X1 edges since the clock of the controller is
not synchronous to the X1 clock.
SRA[0] – Channel A Receiver Ready (RxRDYA)
This bit indicates that a character has been received and is waiting
in the FIFO to be read by the CPU. It is set when the character is
transferred from the receive shift to the FIFO and reset when the
CPU reads the RHR, if after this read there are not more characters
still in the FIFO.
When this bit is set, the Channel A ‘change in break’ bit in the ISR
(ISR[2]) is set. ISR[2] is also set when the end of the break
condition, as defined above, is detected.
SRB – Channel B Status Register
The bit definitions for this register are identical to the bit definitions
for SRA, except that all status applies to the Channel B receiver and
transmitter and the corresponding inputs and outputs.
The break detect circuitry can detect breaks that originate in the
middle of a received character. However, if a break begins in the
middle of a character, it must persist until at least the end of the next
character time in order for it to be detected.
OPCR – Output Port Configuration Register
OPCR[7] – OP7 Output Select
This bit programs the OP7 output to provide one of the following:
0: The complement of OPR[7].
1: The Channel B transmitter interrupt output which is the complement of TxRDYB. When in this mode OP7 acts as an opendrain output. Note that this output is not masked by the contents
of the IMR.
SRA[6] – Channel A Framing Error
This bit, when set, indicates that a stop bit was not detected when
the corresponding data character in the FIFO was received. The
stop bit check is made in the middle of the first stop bit position.
SRA[5] – Channel A Parity Error
This bit is set when the ‘with parity’ or ‘force parity’ mode is
programmed and the corresponding character in the FIFO was
received with incorrect parity.
OPCR[6] – OP6 Output Select
This bit programs the OP6 output to provide one of the following:
0: The complement of OPR[6].
In the special multidrop mode the parity error bit stores the receive
A/D bit.
1: The Channel A transmitter interrupt output which is the complement of TxRDYA. When in this mode OP6 acts as an opendrain output. Note that this output is not masked by the contents
of the IMR.
SRA[4] – Channel A Overrun Error
This bit, when set, indicates that one or more characters in the
received data stream have been lost. It is set upon receipt of a new
character when the FIFO is full and a character is already in the
receive shift register waiting for an empty FIFO position. When this
occurs, the character in the receive shift register (and its break
detect, parity error and framing error status, if any) is lost.
OPCR[5] – OP5 Output Select
This bit programs the OP5 output to provide one of the following:
0: The complement of OPR[5].
1: The Channel B transmitter interrupt output which is the complement of ISR[5]. When in this mode OP5 acts as an open-drain
output. Note that this output is not masked by the contents of
the IMR.
This bit is cleared by a ‘reset error status’ command.
SRA[3] – Channel A Transmitter Empty (TxEMTA)
This bit will be set when the transmitter underruns, i.e., both the
TxEMT and TxRDY bits are set. This bit and TxRDY are set when
the transmitter is first enabled and at any time it is re-enabled after
either (a) reset, or (b) the transmitter has assumed the disabled
1998 Sep 04
SCN68681
OPCR[4] – OP4 Output Select
This field programs the OP4 output to provide one of the following:
0: The complement of OPR[4].
15
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
1: The Channel A receiver interrupt output which is the complement
of ISR[1]. When in this mode OP4 acts as an open-drain output.
Note that this output is not masked by the contents of the IMR.
Asynchronous UART communications can tolerate frequency error
of 4.1% to 6.7% in a “clean” communications channel. The percent
of error changes as the character length changes. The above
percentages range from 5 bits not parity to 8 bits with parity and one
stop bit. The error with 8 bits no parity and one stop bit is 4.6%. If a
stop bit length of 9/16 is used, the error tolerance will approach 0
due to a variable error of up to 1/16 bit time in receiver clock phase
alignment to the start bit.
OPCR[3:2] – OP3 Output Select
This bit programs the OP3 output to provide one of the following:
00: The complement of OPR[3].
01: The counter/timer output, in which case OP3 acts as an opendrain output. In the timer mode, this output is a square wave at
the programmed frequency. In the counter mode, the output
remains High until terminal count is reached, at which time it
goes Low. The output returns to the High state when the counter is stopped by a stop counter command. Note that this output
is not masked by the contents of the IMR.
10: The 1X clock for the Channel B transmitter, which is the clock
that shifts the transmitted data. If data is not being transmitted,
a free running 1X clock is output.
11: The 1X clock for the Channel B receiver, which is the clock that
samples the received data. If data is not being received, a free
running 1X clock is output.
Table 5.
10: The 1X clock for the Channel A transmitter, which is the clock
that shifts the transmitted data. If data is not being transmitted,
a free running 1X clock is output.
11: The 1X clock for the Channel A receiver, which is the clock that
samples the received data. If data is not being received, a free
running 1X clock is output.
ERROR (%)
50
75
110
134.5
150
200
300
600
1050
1200
1800
2000
2400
4800
7200
9600
14.4K
19.2k
28.8K
38.4k
57.6K
115.2K
0.8
1.2
1.759
2.153
2.4
3.2
4.8
9.6
16.756
19.2
28.8
32.056
38.4
76.8
115.2
153.6
230.4
307.2
460.8
614.4
921.6
1843.2K
0
0
-0.069
0.059
0
0
0
0
-0.260
0
0
0.175
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Counter
Counter
010
Counter
011
Counter
100
101
110
Timer (square wave)
Timer (square wave)
Timer (square wave)
External (IP2)*
TxCA – 1x clock of Channel
A transmitter
TxCB – 1x clock of Channel
B transmitter
Crystal or external clock
(x1/CLK) divided by 16
External (IP2)*
External (IP2) divided by 16*
Crystal or external clock
(X1/CLK)
Crystal or external clock
(X1/CLK) divided by 16
ACR[7] – Baud Rate Generator Set Select
This bit selects one of two sets of baud rates to be generated by the
BRG:
Set 1: 50, 110, 134.5, 200, 300, 600, 1.05k, 1.2k, 2.4k, 4.8k, 7.2k,
9.6k, and 38.4k baud.
Set 2: 75, 110, 134.5, 150, 300, 600, 1.2k, 1.8k, 2.0k, 2.4k, 4.8k,
9.6k, and 19.2k baud.
The selected set of rates is available for use by the Channel A and
B receivers and transmitters as described in CSRA and CSRB.
Baud rate generator characteristics are given in Table 4.
ACR[6:4] – Counter/Timer Mode And Clock Source Select
This field selects the operating mode of the counter/timer and its
clock source as shown in Table 5.
ACR[3:0] – IP3, IP2, IP1, IP0 Change-of-State Interrupt Enable
This field selects which bits of the input port change register (IPCR)
cause the input change bit in the interrupt status register (ISR[7]) to
be set. If a bit is in the ‘on’ state the setting of the corresponding bit
in the IPCR will also result in the setting of ISR[7], which results in
the generation of an interrupt output if IMR[7] = 1. If a bit is in the
‘off’ state, the setting of that bit in the IPCR has no effect on ISR[7].
IPCR – Input Port Change Register
IPCR[7] – IP3, IP2, IP1, IP0 Change-of-State
These bits are set when a change-of-state, as defined in the input
port section of this data sheet, occurs at the respective input pins.
They are cleared when the IPCR is read by the CPU. A read of the
IPCR also clears ISR[7], the input change bit in the interrupt status
register. The setting of these bits can be programmed to generate
an interrupt to the CPU.
NOTE:
Duty cycle of 16x clock is 50% ± 1%.
1998 Sep 04
000
001
CLOCK SOURCE
ACR – Auxiliary Control Register
Bit Rate Generator Characteristics
Crystal or Clock = 3.6864MHz
ACTUAL 16x
CLOCK (kHz)
MODE
111
Timer (square wave)
NOTE:
* In these modes, the Channel B receiver clock should normally be
generated from the baud rate generator. Timer mode generates
squarewave.
01: The 16X clock for the Channel A transmitter. This is the clock
selected by CSRA[3:0], and will be a 1X clock if CSRA[3:0] = 1111.
NORMAL RATE
(BAUD)
ACR 6:4 Field Definition
ACR
[6:4]
OPCR[1:0] – OP2 Output Select
This field programs the OP2 output to provide one of the following:
00: The complement of OPR[2].
Table 4.
SCN68681
16
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
Channel A and is waiting in the FIFO to be read by the CPU. It is
set when the character is transferred from the receive shift register
to the FIFO and reset when the CPU read the RHR. If after this
read there are more characters still in the FIFO the bit will be set
again after the FIFO is ‘popped’. If programmed as FIFO full, it is
set when a character is transferred from the receive holding register
to the receive FIFO and the transfer caused the Channel A FIFO to
become full; i.e., all three FIFO positions are occupied. It is reset
when the CPU reads the RHR. If a character is waiting in the
receive shift register because the FIFO is full, the bit will be set
again when the ISR[0] and IMR waiting character is loaded into the
FIFO.
IPCR[3:0] – IP3, IP2, IP1, IP0 Current State
These bits provide the current state of the respective inputs. The
information is unlatched and reflects the state of the input pins at the
time the IPCR is read.
ISR – Interrupt Status Register
This register provides the status of all potential interrupt sources.
The contents of this register are masked by the Interrupt Mask
Register (IMR). If a bit in the ISR is a ‘1’ and the corresponding bit
in the IMR is also a ‘1’, the INTRN output will be asserted (Low). If
the corresponding bit in the IMR is a zero, the state of the bit in the
ISR has no effect on the INTRN output. Note that the IMR does not
mask the reading of the ISR – the true status will be provided
regardless of the contents of the IMR. The contents of this register
are initialized to 0016 when the DUART is reset.
ISR[0] – Channel A Transmitter Ready
This bit is a duplicate of TxRDYA (SRA[2]).
IMR – Interrupt Mask Register
ISR[7] – Input Port Change Status
This bit is a ‘1’ when a change-of-state has occurred at the IP0, IP1,
IP2, or IP3 inputs and that event has been selected to cause an
interrupt by the programming of ACR[3:0]. The bit is cleared when
the CPU reads the IPCR.
The programming of this register selects which bits in the ISR
causes an interrupt output. If a bit in the ISR is a ‘1’ and the
corresponding bit in the IMR is also a ‘1’ the INTRN output will be
asserted. If the corresponding bit in the IMR is a zero, the state of
the bit in the ISR has no effect on the INTRN output. Note that the
IMR does not mask the programmable interrupt outputs OP3-OP7 or
the reading of the ISR.
ISR[6] – Channel B Change In Break
This bit, when set, indicates that the Channel B receiver has
detected the beginning or the end of a received break. It is reset
when the CPU issues a Channel B ‘reset break change interrupt’
command.
CTUR and CTLR – Counter/Timer Registers
The CTUR and CTLR hold the eight MSBs and eight LSBs,
respectively, of the value to be used by the counter/timer in either
the counter or timer modes of operation. The minimum value which
may be loaded into the CTUR/CTLR registers is 000216. Note that
these registers are write-only and cannot be read by the CPU.
ISR[5] – Channel B Receiver Ready or FIFO Full
The function of this bit is programmed by MR1B[6]. If programmed
as receiver ready, it indicates that a character has been received in
Channel B and is waiting in the FIFO to be read by the CPU. It is
set when the character is transferred from the receive shift register
to the FIFO and reset when the CPU reads the RHR. If after this
read there are more characters still in the FIFO the bit will be set
again after the FIFO is ‘popped’. If programmed as FIFO full, it is
set when a character is transferred from the receive holding register
to the receive FIFO and the transfer caused the Channel B FIFO to
become full; i.e., all three FIFO positions are occupied. It is reset
when the CPU reads the RHR. If a character is waiting in the
receive shift register because the FIFO is full, the bit will be set
again when the waiting character is loaded into the FIFO.
In the timer (programmable divider) mode, the C/T generates a
square wave with a period of twice the value (in clock periods) of the
CTUR and CTLR. If the value in CTUR and CTLR is changed, the
current half-period will not be affected, but subsequent half periods
will be. In this mode the C/T runs continuously. Receipt of a start
counter command (read with A4-A1) = 1110) causes the counter to
terminate the current timing cycle and to begin a new cycle using the
values in CTUR and CTLR. The waveform so generated is often
used for a data clock. The formula for calculating the divisor n to
load to the CTUR and CTLR for a particular 1X data clock is shown
below:
ISR[4] – Channel B Transmitter Ready
This bit is a duplicate of TxRDYB (SRB[2]).
n ISR[3] – Counter Ready.
In the counter mode, this bit is set when the counter reaches
terminal count and is reset when the counter is stopped by a stop
counter command.
CT Clock Frequency
2 16 Baud rate desired
Often this division will result in a non-integer number; 26.3, for
example. One can only program integer numbers in a digital divider.
Therefore, 26 would be chosen. This gives a baud rate error of
0.3/26.3 which is 1.14%; well within the ability asynchronous mode
of operation.
In the timer mode, this bit is set once each cycle of the generated
square wave (every other time that the counter/timer reaches zero
count). The bit is reset by a stop counter command. The command,
however, does not stop the counter/timer.
The counter ready status bit (ISR[3]) is set once each cycle of the
square wave. The bit is reset by a stop counter command (read
with A4-A1 = 1111). The command, however, does not stop the C/T.
The generated square wave is output on OP3 if it is programmed to
be the C/T output.
ISR[2] – Channel A Change in Break
This bit, when set, indicates that the Channel A receiver has
detected the beginning or the end of a received break. It is reset
when the CPU issues a Channel A ‘reset break change interrupt’
command.
On power-up and after reset, the counter/timer runs in timer mode
and can only be restarted. Because it cannot be shut off or stopped,
and runs continuously in timer mode, it is recommended that at
initialization, the output port, OP3, should be masked off through the
OPCR[3:2} = 00 until the C/T is programmed to the desired
operational state.
ISR[1] – Channel A Receiver Ready Or FIFO Full
The function of this bit is programmed by MR1A[6]. If programmed
as receiver ready, it indicates that a character has been received in
1998 Sep 04
SCN68681
17
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
In the counter mode, the current value of the upper and lower 8 bits
of the counter (CTU, CTL) may be read by the CPU. It is
recommended that the counter be stopped when reading to prevent
potential problems which may occur if a carry from the lower 8 bits
to the upper 8 bits occurs between the times that both halves of the
counter are read. However, note that a subsequent start counter
command will cause the counter to begin a new count cycle using
the values in CTUR and CTLR.
In the counter mode, the C/T counts down the number of pulses
loaded into CTUR and CTLR by the CPU. Counting begins upon
receipt of a start counter command. Upon reaching terminal count
000016, the counter ready interrupt bit (ISR[3]) is set. The counter
continues counting past the terminal count until stopped by the CPU.
If OP3 is programmed to be the output of the C/T, the output
remains High until terminal count is reached, at which time it goes
Low. The output returns to the High state and ISR[3] is cleared
when the counter is stopped by a stop counter command. The
CPU may change the values of CTUR and CTLR at any time, but
the new count becomes effective only on the next start counter
commands. If new values have not been loaded, the previous count
values are preserved and used for the next count cycle
1998 Sep 04
SCN68681
IVR – Interrupt Vector Register
This register contains the interrupt vector. The register is initialized
to H‘0F’ by RESET. The contents of the register are placed on the
data bus when the DUART responds to a valid interrupt
acknowledge cycle.
18
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCN68681
RESETN
tRES
SD00109
Figure 3. Reset Timing
tCSC
X1/CLK
tAS
A1–A4
tRWS
RWN
tRWH
tAH
tCSW
CSN
tDF
tDD
D0–D7
tCSD
tDAL
DTACKN
tDAH
tDCR
tDAT
SD00110
Figure 4. Bus Timing (Read Cycle)
tCSC
X1/CLK
tAS
A1–A4
RWN
tRWH
tRWS
tAH
tCSW
CSN
D0–D7
tDH
tDS
tCSD
DTACKN
NOTE:
DACKN requires two rising edges of X1 clock after CEN is low.
tDAH
tDCW
tDAT
Figure 5. Bus Timing (Write Cycle)
1998 Sep 04
19
SD00111
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCN68681
tCSC
X1/CLK
INTRN
IACKN
tDF
tDD
D0–D7
tCSD
tDAL
DTACKN
tDCR
tDAH
tDAT
SD00112
Figure 6. Interrupt Cycle Timing
CSN
tPS
tPH
IP0–IP5
CSN
OP0–OP7
NEW DATA
OLD DATA
tPD
SD00113
Figure 7. Port Timing
RxC
(1X INPUT)
tRXS
tRXH
RxD
SD00114
Figure 8. Receive Timing
1998 Sep 04
20
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCN68681
+5V
R1: 100K - 1Meg (See design note)
C1 = C2: 0-5pF + (STRAY < 5pF)
X1/CLK
CTCLK
RxC
TxC
tCLK
tCTC
tRx
tTx
1K
DRIVING FROM
EXTERNAL SOURCE
74LS04
CLOCK
TO OTHER
CHIPS
SCN2681
X1
tCLK
tCTC
tRx
tTx
OPEN
TO THE REST
OF THE DUART
CIRCUITS
X1
C1
+5V
R2
R1
1KΩ
When using an external clock it is preferred to drive X2 and leave X1 open.
X2 is the input to the internal driver, while X1 is the output.
R1 is only required if U1 will not drive to X2 high level.
Previous specifications indicated X2 should be grounded and X1
should be driven. This is still acceptable. It is electrically easier to drive
the amplifier input than to overdrive its output.
C2
U1
X2
X2
3.6864MHz
CRYSTAL SERIES RESISTANCE3 SHOULD BE LESS THAN 180Ω
R2 = 50kΩ to 150kΩ
SD00115
Figure 9. Clock Timing
CSN
(READ OR
WRITE)
VM
tIR
VOL
INTERRUPT 1
OUTPUT
+0.5V
VOL
NOTES:
1. INTRN or OP3 – OP7 when used as interrupt outputs.
2. The test for open drain outputs is intended to guarantee switching of the output transistor. Measurement of this response is referenced from the mid point of the switching signal, VM, to
a point 0.5 volts above VOL. This point represents noise margin that assures true switching has occurred. Beyond this level, the effects of external circuitry and test environment are
pronounced and can greatly affect the resultant measurement.
SD00116
Figure 10. Interrupt Timing
1 BIT TIME
(1 OR 16 CLOCKS)
TxC
(INPUT)
tTXD
TxD
tTCS
TxC
(1X OUTPUT)
SD00117
Figure 11. Transmit Timing
1998 Sep 04
21
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCN68681
RxC
(1X INPUT)
tRXS
tRXH
RxD
SD00093
Figure 12. Receive Timing
TxD
D1
D2
D3
BREAK
D4
D6
TRANSMITTER
ENABLED
TxRDY
(SR2)
CSN
(WRITE)
D1
D2
D3
START
BREAK
D4
STOP
BREAK
CTSN1
(IP0)
D5 WILL
NOT BE
TRANSMITTED
D6
RTSN2
(OP0)
OPR(0) = 1
OPR(0) = 1
NOTES:
1. Timing shown for MR2(4) = 1.
2. Timing shown for MR2(5) = 1.
SD00118
Figure 13. Transmitter Timing
D1
RxD
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D6, D7, D8 WILL BE LOST
RECEIVER
ENABLED
RxRDY
(SR0)
FFULL
(SR1)
RxRDY/
FFULL
(OP4)2
CSN
(READ)
STATUS DATA
STATUS DATA STATUS DATA STATUS DATA
D5 WILL
BE LOST
D1
OVERRUN
(SR4)
D2
D3
D4
RESET BY COMMAND
RTS1
(OP0)
OPR(0) = 1
NOTES:
1. Timing shown for MR1(7) = 1.
SD00119
2. Shown for OPCR(4) and MR1(6) = 0.
Figure 14. Receive Timing
1998 Sep 04
22
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
MASTER STATION
BIT 9
ADD#1 1
TxD
BIT 9
BIT 9
D0
SCN68681
ADD#2 1
0
TRANSMITTER
ENABLED
TxRDY
(SR2)
CSN
(WRITE)
MR1(4+3) = 11
MR1(2) = 1
ADD#1 MR1(2) = 0 D0
PERIPHERAL STATION
BIT 9
0
RxD
MR1(2) = 1 ADD#2
BIT 9
ADD#1 1
BIT 9
BIT 9
D0
BIT 9
ADD#2 1
0
0
RECEIVER
ENABLED
RxRDY
(SR0)
CSN
MR1(4:3) = 11
ADD#1
STATUS DATA
STATUS DATA
D0
ADD#2
SD00120
Figure 15. Wake-Up Mode
driven high, the transmitter will stop sending data at the end of the
present character being serialized. It is usually the RTS output of
the receiver that will be connected to the transmitter’s CTS input.
The receiver will set RTS high when the receiver FIFO is full AND
the start bit of the fourth character is sensed. Transmission then
stops with four valid characters in the receiver. When MR2(4) is set
to one, CTSN must be at zero for the transmitter to operate. If
MR2(4) is set to zero, the MP pin will have no effect on the operation
of the transmitter.
Output Port Notes
The output ports are controlled from three places: the OPCR
register, the OPR register, and the MR registers. The OPCR
register controls the source of the data for the output ports OP2
through OP7. The data source for output ports OP0 and OP1 is
controlled by the MR and CR registers. When the OPR is the
source of the data for the output ports, the data at the ports is
inverted from that in the OPR register. The content of the OPR
register is controlled by the “Set Output Port Bits Command”. These
commands are at E and F, respectively. When these commands are
used, action takes place only at the bit locations where ones exist.
For example, a one in bit location 5 of the data word used with the
“Set Output Port Bits” command will result in OPR5 being set to one.
The OP5 would then be set to zero (VSS). Similarly, a one in bit
position 5 of the data word associated with the “Reset Output Ports
Bits” command would set OPR5 to zero, and hence, the pin OP5 to
a one (VDD).
MR1(7) is the bit that allows the receiver to control MP0. When MP0
is controlled by the receiver, the meaning of that pin will be RTS.
However, a point of confusion arises in that MP0 may also be
controlled by the transmitter. When the transmitter is controlling this
pin, its meaning is not RTS at all. It is, rather, that the transmitter
has finished sending its last data byte. Programming the MP0 pin to
be controlled by the receiver and the transmitter at the same time is
allowed, but would usually be incompatible.
The CTS, RTS, CTS Enable Tx signals
RTS is expressed at the MP0 pin which is still an output port.
Therefore, the state of MP0 should be set low for the receiver to
generate the proper RTS signal. The logic at the output is basically
a NAND of the MP0 bit register and the RTS signal as generated by
the receiver. When the RTS flow control is selected via the MR(7)
bit the state of the MP0 register is not changed. Terminating the use
of “Flow Control” (via the MR registers) will return the MP0 pin to the
control of the MP0 register.
CTS (Clear To Send) is usually meant to be a signal to the
transmitter meaning that it may transmit data to the receiver. The
CTS input is on pin MPI. The CTS signal is active low; thus, it is
called CTS.
RTS is usually meant to be a signal from the receiver indicating that
the receiver is ready to receive data. It is also active low and is,
thus, called RTSN. RTSN is on pin MP0. A receiver’s RTS output
will usually be connected to the CTS input of the associated
transmitter. Therefore, one could say that RTS and CTS are
different ends of the same wire!
Transmitter Disable Note
The sequence of instructions enable transmitter — load transmit
holding register — disable transmitter will result in nothing being
sent if the time between the end of loading the transmit holding
register and the disable command is less that 3/16 bit time in the
MR2(4) is the bit that allows the transmitter to be controlled by the
CTS pin (MPI). When this bit is set to one AND the CTS input is
1998 Sep 04
23
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCN68681
16x mode or one bit time in the 1x mode. Also, if the transmitter,
while in the enabled state and underrun condition, is immediately
disabled after a single character is loaded to the transmit holding
register, that character will not be sent.
been enabled), be sure the TxRDY bit is active immediately before
issuing the transmitter disable instruction. TxRDY sets at the end of
the “start bit” time. It is during the start bit that the data in the
transmit holding register is transferred to the transmit shift register.
In general, when it is desired to disable the transmitter before the
last character is sent AND the TxEMT bit is set in the status register
(TxEMT is always set if the transmitter has underrun or has just
Non-standard baud rates are available as shown in Table 6 below,
via the BRG Test function.
Table 6. Baud Rates Extended
Normal BRG
BRG Test
CSR[7:4]
ACR[7] = 0
ACR[7] = 1
ACR[7] = 0
ACR[7] = 1
0000
50
75
4,800
7,200
0001
110
110
880
880
0010
134.5
134.5
1,076
1,076
0011
200
150
19.2K
14.4K
0100
300
300
28.8K
28.8K
0101
600
600
57.6K
57.6K
0110
1,200
1,200
115.2K
115.2K
0111
1,050
2,000
1,050
2,000
1000
2,400
2,400
57.6K
57.6K
1001
4,800
4,800
4,800
4,800
1010
7,200
1,800
57.6K
14.4K
1011
9,600
9,600
9,600
9,600
1100
38.4K
19.2K
38.4K
19.2K
1101
Timer
Timer
Timer
Timer
1110
I/O2 – 16X
I/O2 – 16X
I/O2 – 16X
I/O2 – 16X
1111
I/O2 – 1X
I/O2 – 1X
I/O2 – 1X
I/O2 – 1X
NOTE:
Each read on address H‘2’ will toggle the baud rate test mode. When in the BRG test mode, the baud rates change as shown to the left. This
change affects all receivers and transmitters on the DUART. See “Extended baud rates for SCN2681, SCN68681, SCC2691, SCC2692,
SCC68681 and SCC2698B” in application notes elsewhere in this publication.
The test mode at address H‘A’ changes all transmitters and receivers to the 1x mode and connects the output ports to some internal nodes.
A condition that occurs infrequently has been observed where the receiver will ignore all data. It is caused by a corruption of the start bit
generally due to noise. When this occurs the receiver will appear to be asleep or locked up. The receiver must be reset for the UART to
continue to function properly.
Reset in the Normal Mode (Receiver Enabled)
Recovery can be accomplished easily by issuing a receiver software reset followed by a receiver enable. All receiver data, status and
programming will be preserved and available before reset. The reset will NOT affect the programming.
Reset in the Wake-Up Mode (MR1[4:3] = 11)
Recovery can also be accomplished easily by first exiting the wake-up mode (MR1[4:3] = 00 or 01 or 10), then issuing a receiver software
reset followed by a wake-up re-entry (MR1[4:3] = 11). All receiver data, status and programming will be preserved and available before
reset. The reset will NOT affect the programming.
The receiver has a digital filter designed to reject “noisy” data transitions and the receiver state machine was designed to reject noisy start
bits or noise that might be considered a start bit. In spite of these precautions, corruption of the start bit can occur in 15ns window
approximately 100ns prior to the rising edge of the data clock. The probability of this occurring is less than 10–5 at 9600 baud.
A corrupted start bit may have some deleterious effects in ASYNC operation if it occurs within a normal data block. The receiver will tend
to align its data clock to the next ‘0’ bit in the data stream, thus potentially corrupting the remainder of the data block. A good design
practice, in environments where start bit corruption is possible, is to monitor data quality (framing error, parity error, break change and
received break) and “data stopped” time out periods. Time out periods can be enabled using the counter/timer in the SCC2691, SCC2692,
SCC2698B and SC68692 products. This monitoring can indicate a potential start bit corruption problem.
SD00097
1998 Sep 04
24
0.598 (15.19)
0.571 (14.50)
–E–
2. Dimension and tolerancing per ANSI Y14. 5M-1982.
3. “T”, “D”, and “E” are reference datums on the body
and include allowance for glass overrun and meniscus
on the seal line, and lid to base mismatch.
4. These dimensions measured with the leads
constrained to be perpendicular to plane T.
5. Pin numbers start with Pin #1 and continue
counterclockwise to Pin #40 when viewed
from the top.
6. Denotes window location for EPROM products.
PIN # 1
0.100 (2.54) BSC
2.087 (53.01)
2.038 (51.77)
–D–
25
0.620 (15.75)
0.590 (14.99)
(NOTE 4)
0.070 (1.78)
0.050 (1.27)
0.225 (5.72) MAX.
–T–
SEATING
PLANE
0.165 (4.19)
0.125 (3.18)
0.023 (0.58)
0.015 (0.38)
T
E D
0.175 (4.45)
0.145 (3.68)
0.055 (1.40)
0.020 (0.51)
0.010 (0.254)
0.015 (0.38)
0.010 (0.25)
BSC
0.600 (15.24)
(NOTE 4)
0.695 (17.65)
0.600 (15.24)
Philips Semiconductors
NOTES:
1. Controlling dimension: Inches. Millimeters are
shown in parentheses.
0.098 (2.49)
0.040 (1.02)
Product specification
SCN68681
40-PIN (600 mils wide) CERAMIC DUAL IN-LINE (F) PACKAGE (WITH WINDOW (FA) PACKAGE)
SEE NOTE 6
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
0590B
853–0590B 06688
1998 Sep 04
0.098 (2.49)
0.040 (1.02)
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
DIP40: plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads (600 mil)
1998 Sep 04
26
SCN68681
SOT129-1
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
PLCC44: plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads
1998 Sep 04
SCN68681
SOT187-2
27
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART)
SCN68681
Data sheet status
Data sheet
status
Product
status
Definition [1]
Objective
specification
Development
This data sheet contains the design target or goal specifications for product development.
Specification may change in any manner without notice.
Preliminary
specification
Qualification
This data sheet contains preliminary data, and supplementary data will be published at a later date.
Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make chages at any time without notice in order to
improve design and supply the best possible product.
Product
specification
Production
This data sheet contains final specifications. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make
changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product.
[1] Please consult the most recently issued datasheet before initiating or completing a design.
Definitions
Short-form specification — The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For
detailed information see the relevant data sheet or data handbook.
Limiting values definition — Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one
or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or
at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended
periods may affect device reliability.
Application information — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips
Semiconductors make no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or
modification.
Disclaimers
Life support — These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of these products can
reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications
do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application.
Right to make changes — Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes, without notice, in the products, including circuits, standard
cells, and/or software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Philips Semiconductors assumes no
responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these
products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless
otherwise specified.
 Copyright Philips Electronics North America Corporation 1998
All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
Philips Semiconductors
811 East Arques Avenue
P.O. Box 3409
Sunnyvale, California 94088–3409
Telephone 800-234-7381
Date of release: 09-98
Document order number:
1998 Sep 04
28
9397 750 04364