PHILIPS SCC2698B

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
SCC2698B
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
Product specification
Supersedes data of 1998 Sep 04
2000 Jan 31
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
DESCRIPTION
SCC2698B
FEATURES
• Eight full-duplex independent asynchronous receiver/transmitters
• Quadruple buffered receiver data register
• Programmable data format:
The SCC2698B Enhanced Octal Universal Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter (Octal UART) is a single chip MOS-LSI
communications device that provides eight full-duplex asynchronous
receiver/transmitter channels in a single package. It is fabricated
with CMOS technology which combines the benefits of high density
and low power consumption.
– 5 to 8 data bits plus parity
– Odd, even, no parity or force parity
– 1, 1.5 or 2 stop bits programmable in 1/16-bit increments
•
The operating speed of each receiver and transmitter can be
selected independently as one of 26 fixed baud rates, a 16X clock
derived from a programmable counter/timer, or an external 1X or
16X clock. The baud rate generator and counter/timer can operate
directly from a crystal or from external clock inputs. The ability to
independently program the operating speed of the receiver and
transmitter make the Octal UART particularly attractive for
dual-speed channel applications such as clustered terminal
systems.
•
•
•
•
The receiver is quadruple buffered to minimize the potential of
receiver overrun or to reduce interrupt overhead in interrupt driven
systems. In addition, a handshaking (RTS/CTS) capability is
provided to disable a remote UART transmitter when the receiver
buffer is full.
•
•
The UART provides a power-down mode in which the oscillator is
frozen but the register contents are stored. This results in reduced
power consumption on the order of several magnitudes. The Octal
UART is fully TTL compatible and operates from a single +5V power
supply.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The SCC2698B is an upwardly compatible version of the 2698A
Octal UART. In PLCC packaging, it is enhanced by the addition of
receiver ready or FIFO full status outputs, and transmitter empty
status outputs for each channel on 16 multipurpose I/O pins. The
multipurpose pins of the 2698B RIO pins, thus DMA and modem
control is provided.
Baud rate for the receiver and transmitter selectable from:
– 26 fixed rates: 50 to 38.4K baud
Non-standard rates to 115.2K baud
– User-defined rates from the programmable counter/timer
associated with each of four blocks
– External 1x or 16x clock
Parity, framing, and overrun error detection
False start bit detection
Line break detection and generation
Programmable channel mode
– Normal (full-duplex), automatic echo, local loop back, remote
loopback
Four multi-function programmable 16-bit counter/timers
Four interrupt outputs with eight maskable interrupting conditions
for each output
Receiver ready/FIFO full and transmitter ready status available on
16 multi-function pins in PLCC package
On-chip crystal oscillator
TTL compatible
Single +5V power supply with low power mode
Eight multi-purpose output pins
Sixteen multi-purpose I/O pins
Sixteen multi-purpose Input pins with pull-up resistors
ORDERING INFORMATION
COMMERCIAL
INDUSTRIAL
VCC = +5V +5%, TA = 0°C to +70°C
VCC = +5V +5%, TA = –40°C to +85°C
PACKAGES
DWG #
84-Pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)
SCC2698BC1A84
SCC2698BE1A84
NOTE: Pin Grid Array (PGA) package version is available from Philips Components Military Division.
SOT189-3
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS1
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
RATING
UNIT
Note 4
oC
Storage temperature range
–65 to +150
oC
Voltage from VDD to GND3
–0.5 to +7.0
V
–0.5 to VCC +0.5
V
1
W
TA
Operating ambient temperature range2
TSTG
VCC
VS
Voltage from any pin to ground3
PD
Power dissipation
NOTES:
1. Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and
functional operation of the device at these or any other condition above those indicated in the operation section of this specification is not
implied.
2. For operating at elevated temperatures, the device must be derated based on +150°C maximum junction temperature.
3. This product includes circuitry specifically designed for the protection of its internal devices from damaging effects of excessive static
charge. Nonetheless, it is suggested that conventional precautions be taken to avoid applying any voltages larger than the rated maxima.
4. Parameters are valid over specified temperature range. See ordering information table for applicable temperature range and operating
supply range.
2000 Jan 31
2
853-1127 23062
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
VCC 1
64 RxDa
2
63 TxDa
X1/CLK 3
62 RxDc
X2
4
61 TxDc
D1
5
60 RxDe
D2
6
59 MP10h
NC
7
58 MP10g
D3
8
57 RxDg
NC
9
56 TxDe
D0
D4 10
55 TxDg
NC 11
54 MPOa
D5 12
53 MPOc
RESET 13
52 MPOe
D6 14
51 MPOg
D7 15
50 GND
CEN 16
49 MP10f
WRN 17
48 MP10e
GND 18
47 RxDh
RDN 19
45 RxDf
A0 20
45 RxDd
A1 21
44 RxDb
A2 22
43 TxDh
A3 23
42 MPOh
A4 24
41 Test input
A5 25
40 MPOf
MP10a 26
39 TxDf
MP10b 27
38 MPOd
INTRAN 28
37 TxDd
INTRBN 29
36 INTRDN
MP10c 30
35 INTRCN
MP10d 31
34 VCC
TxDb 32
11
1
75
12
74
PLCC
54
32
33
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Function
TxDa
MPP2g
RxDa
MPP2h
VCC
X2
X1/CLK
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
MPI1a
RESET
D6
D7
CEN
WRN
GND
MPI1b
RDN
A0
MPP1a
A1
MPP1b
A2
MPP2a
53
Pin
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
Function
A3
MPP2b
A4
A5
MPI0a
MPI0b
INTRAN
INTRBN
MPI0c
MPI1c
MPI0d
MPI1d
TxDb
MPP1c
MPOb
MPP1d
VCC
INTRCN
INTRDN
MPP2c
TxDd
MPP2d
MPOd
TxDf
MPOf
MPOh
TxDh
RxDb
Pin
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
Function
RxDd
RxDf
RxDh
MPI1e
MPI0e
MPI1f
MPI0f
MPP1e
GND
MPP1f
MPOg
MPP2e
MPOe
MPP2f
MPOc
MPOa
TxDg
TxDe
RxDg
MPI0g
MPI0h
MPI1g
RxDe
MPIh
TxDc
MPP1g
RxDc
MPP1h
33 MPOb
SD00184
Figure 1. Pin Configurations
2000 Jan 31
3
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
BLOCK DIAGRAM
INTERNAL DATA
BUS
BLOCK A
8
BUS BUFFER
D0–D7
CHANNEL A
TRANSMIT HOLD
REGISTER
TIMING
TxDA
CONTROL
WRN
A0–A5
RECEIVE HOLD
REGISTER (3)
OPERATION CONTROL
RDN
CEN
TRANSMIT SHIFT
REGISTER
ADDRESS
DECODE
RxDA
RECEIVE SHIFT
REGISTER
6
R/W CONTROL
RESET
MR1, 2
CR
SR
CSR Rx
CSR Tx
TIMING
X1/CLK
X2
CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR
TxDb
CHANNEL B
(AS ABOVE)
POWER-ON
LOGIC
INPUT PORT
CHANGE-OFSTATE
DETECTORS (4)
RxDb
2
MPI0
2
MPIb
IPCR
ACR
BLOCK B
(SAME AS A)
OUTPUT PORT
2
FUNCTION SELECT
LOGIC
2
2
OPCR
MPP1
MPP2
MPO
TIMING
CLOCK
SELECTORS
BLOCK C
(SAME AS A)
COUNTER/
TIMER
ACR
CTUR
CTLR
BLOCK D
(SAME AS A)
INTERRUPT CONTROL
IMR
INTRAN
ISR
SD00185
Figure 2. Block Diagram
2000 Jan 31
4
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
PIN DESCRIPTION
PIN
NO.
MNEMONIC
TYPE
NAME AND FUNCTION
I/O
Data Bus: Active–High 8-bit bidirectional 3-State data bus. Bit 0 is the LSB and bit 7 is the MSB. All
data, command, and status transfers between the CPU and the Octal UART take place over this bus.
The direction of the transfer is controlled by the WRN and RDN inputs when the CEN input is low.
When the CEN input is High, the data bus is in the 3-State condition.
D0–D7
8–13,
16, 17
CEN
18
I
Chip Enable: Active-Low input. When Low, data transfers between the CPU and the Octal UART are
enabled on D0–D7 as controlled by the WRN, RDN and A0–A5 inputs. When CEN is High, the Octal
UART is effectively isolated from the data bus and D0–D7 are placed in the 3-State condition.
WRN
19
I
Write Strobe: Active-Low input. A Low on this pin while CEN is Low causes the contents of the data
bus to be transferred to the register selected by A0–A5. The transfer occurs on the trailing (rising)
edge of the signal.
RDN
22
I
Read Strobe: Active-Low input. A Low on this pin while CEN is Low causes the contents of the
register selected by A0–A5 to be placed on the data bus. The read cycle begins on the leading
(falling) edge of RDN.
A0–A5
23, 25,
27, 29,
31, 32
I
Address Inputs: Active-High address inputs to select the Octal UART registers for read/write
operations.
RESET
15
I
INTRAN–
INTRDN
35, 36,
46, 47
O
Reset: Master reset. A High on this pin clears the status register (SR), clears the interrupt mask
register (IMR), clears the interrupt status register (ISR), clears the output port configuration register
(OPCR), places the receiver and transmitter in the inactive state causing the TxD output to go to the
marking (High) state, and stops the counter/timer. Clears power-down mode and interrupts. Clears
Test Modes, sets MR pointer to MR1.
Interrupt Request: This active-Low open drain output is asserted on occurrence of one or more of
eight maskable interrupting conditions. The CPU can read the interrupt status register to determine
the interrupting condition(s). These pins require a pullup device and may be wire ORed.
X1/CLK
7
I
X2
6
I
RxDa–RxDh
3, 56,
83, 57,
79, 58,
75, 59
I
TxDa–TxDh
1, 41,
81, 49,
74, 52,
73, 55
O
MPOa–MPOh
72, 43,
71, 51,
69, 53,
67, 54
O
MPI0a–MPI0h
33, 34,
37, 39,
61, 63,
76, 77
I
2000 Jan 31
Crystal 1: Crystal or external clock input. When using the crystal oscillator, this pin serves as the
connection for one side of the crystal. If a crystal is not used, an external clock is supplied at this
input. An external clock (or crystal) is required even if the internal baud rate generator is not utilized.
This clock is used to drive the internal baud rate generator, as an optional input to the timer/counter,
and to provide other clocking signals required by the chip.
Crystal 2: Connection for other side of crystal. If an external source is used instead of a crystal, this
connection should be left open (see Figure 9).
Receiver Serial Data Input: The least significant bit is received first. If external receiver clock is
specified, this input is sampled on the rising edge of the clock. If internal clock is used, the RxD input
is sampled on the rising edge of the RxC1x signal as seen on the MPO pin.
Transmitter Serial Data Output: The least significant bit is transmitted first. This output is held in the
marking (High) condition when the transmitter is idle or disabled and when the Octal UART is
operating in local loopback mode. If external transmitter is specified, the data is shifted on the falling
edge of the transmitter clock. If internal clock is used, the TxD output changes on the falling edge of
the TxC1x signal as seen on the MPO pin.
Multi-Purpose Output: Each of the four DUARTS has two MPO pins (one per UART). One of the
following eight functions can be selected for this output pin by programming the OPCR (output port
configuration register). Note that reset conditions MPO pins to RTSN.
RTSN – Request to send active-Low output. This output is asserted and negated via the command
register. By appropriate programming of the mode registers, (MR1[7])=1 RTSN can be programmed to
be automatically reset after the character in the transmitter is completely shifted or when the receiver
FIFO and shift register are full. RTSN is an internal signal which normally represents the condition of
the receiver FIFO not full, i.e., the receiver can request more data to be sent. However, it can also be
controlled by the transmitter empty and the commands 8h and 9h written to the CR (command
register).
C/TO – The counter/timer output.
TxC1X – The 1X clock for the transmitter.
TxC16X – The 16X clock for the transmitter.
RxC1X – The 1X clock for the receiver.
RxC16X – The 16X clock for the receiver.
TxRDY – Transmitter holding register empty signal.
RxRDY/FFULL – Receiver FIFO not empty/full signal.
Multi-Purpose Input 0: This pin (one in each UART) is programmable. Its state can always be read
through the IPCR bit 0, or the IPR bit 0.
CTSN: By programming MR2[4] to a 1, this input controls the clear-to-send function for the
transmitter. It is active low. This pin is provided with a change-of-state detector.
5
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
PIN DESCRIPTION (Continued)
PIN
NO.
TYPE
MPI1a–MPI1h
14, 21,
38, 40,
60, 62,
78, 80
I
Multi-Purpose Input 1: This pin (one for each UART) is programmable. Its state can always be
determined by reading the IPCR bit 1 or IPR bit 1.
C/TCLK – This input will serve as the external clock for the counter/timer when ACR[5] is set to 0.
This occurs only for channels a, c, e, and g since there is one counter/timer for each DUART block.
This pin is provided with a change-of-state detector.
MPP1a–MPP1h
24, 26,
42, 44,
64, 66,
82, 84
I/O
Multi-Purpose Pin 1: This pin (one for each UART) is programmed to be an input or an output
according to the state of OPCR[7]. (0 = input, 1 = output). The state of the multi-purpose pin can
always be determined by reading the IPR. When programmed as an input, it will be the transmitter
clock (TxCLK). It will be 1x or 16x according to the clock select registers (CSR[3.0]). When
programmed as an output, it will be the status register TxRDY bit. These pins have a small pull-up
device.
MPP2a–MPP2h
28, 30,
48, 50,
68, 70,
2, 4
I/O
Multi-Purpose Pin 2: This pin (one for each UART) is programmed to be an input or an output
according to the state of OPCR[7]. (0 = input, 1 = output). The state of the multi-purpose pin can
always be determined by reading the IPR. When programmed as an input, it will be the receiver clock
(RxCLK). It will be 1x or 16x according to the clock select registers (CSR[7:4). When programmed as
an output, it will be the ISR status register RxRDY/FIFO full bit. These pins have a small pull-up
device.
Test Input
–
I
Test Input: This pin is used as an input for test purposes at the factory while in test mode. This pin
can be treated as ‘N/C’ by the user. It can be tied high, or left open.
VCC
5, 45
I
Power Supply: +5V supply input.
GND
20, 65
I
Ground
MNEMONIC
NAME AND FUNCTION
Associated with the interrupt system are the interrupt mask register
(IMR) and the interrupt status register (ISR). The IMR can be
programmed to select only certain conditions, of the above, to cause
INTRN to be asserted. The ISR can be read by the CPU to
determine all currently active interrupting conditions. However, the
bits of the ISR are not masked by the IMR. The transmitter ready
status and the receiver ready or FIFO full status can be provided on
MPP1a, MPP1b, MPP2a, and MPP2b by setting OPCR[7]. these
outputs are not masked by IMR.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
As shown in the block diagram, the Octal UART consists of: data
bus buffer, interrupt control, operation control, timing, and eight
receiver and transmitter channels. The eight channels are divided
into four different blocks, each block independent of each other (see
Figure 3). Figure 2 represents the DUART block.
BLOCK A
CHANNELS a, b
BLOCK C
CHANNELS e, f
BLOCK B
CHANNELS c, d
BLOCK D
CHANNELS g, h
Operation Control
The operation control logic receives operation commands from the
CPU and generates appropriate signals to internal sections to
control device operation. It contains address decoding and read and
write circuits to permit communications with the microprocessor via
the data bus buffer. The functions performed by the CPU read and
write operations are shown in Table 1.
SD00186
Figure 3. Channel Architecture
Channel Blocks
There are four blocks (Figure 3), each containing two sets of
receiver/transmitters. In the following discussion, the description
applies to Block A which contains channels a and b. However, the
same information applies to all channel blocks.
Mode registers 1 and 2 are accessed via an auxiliary pointer. The
pointer is set to MR1 by RESET or by issuing a reset pointer
command via the command register. Any read or write of the mode
register while the pointer is at MR1 switches the pointer to MR2 after
the read or write. The pointer then remains at MR2 so that
subsequent accesses are to MR2. To access MR1, the command
0001 of the command register must be executed.
Data Bus Buffer
The data bus buffer provides the interface between the external and
internal data buses. It is controlled by the operation control block to
allow read and write operations to take place between the controlling
CPU and the Octal UART.
Timing Circuits
The timing block consists of a crystal oscillator, a baud rate
generator, a programmable 16-bit counter/timer for each block, and
two clock selectors.
Interrupt Control
A single interrupt output per DUART (INTRN) is provided which is
asserted on occurrence of any of the following internal events:
–Transmit holding register ready for each channel
Crystal Clock
The crystal oscillator operates directly from a 3.6864MHz crystal
connected across the X1/ CLK and X2 inputs with a minimum of
external components. If an external clock of the appropriate
frequency is available, it may be connected to X1/CLK. If an external
–Receive holding register ready or FIFO full for each channel
–Change in break received status for each channel
–Counter reached terminal count
–Change in MPI input
2000 Jan 31
6
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
clock is used instead of a crystal, X1 must be driven and X2 left
floating as shown in Figure 9. The clock serves as the basic timing
reference for the baud rate generator (BRG), the counter/timer, and
Table 1.
other internal circuits. A clock frequency, within the limits specified in
the electrical specifications, must be supplied even if the internal
BRG is not used.
Register Addressing
Units A and B
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
READ (RDN=0)
MR1a, MR2a
SRa
BRG Test2
RHRa
IPCRA
ISRA
CTUA
CTLA
MR1b, MR2b
SRb
1X/16X Test2
RHRb
Reserved1
Input port A
Start C/T A
Stop C/T A
Units E and F
WRITE
(WRN=0)
MR1a, MR2a
CSRa
CRa
THRa
ACRA
IMRA
CTPUA
CTPLA
MR1b, MR2b
CSRb
CRb
THRb
Reserved1
OPCRA
Reserved1
Reserved1
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
READ (RDN=0)
MR1e, MR2e
SRe
Reserved1
RHRe
IPCRC
ISRC
CTUC
CTLC
MR1f, MR2f
SRf
Reserved1
RHRf
Reserved1
Input port C
Start C/T C
Stop C/T C
WRITE
(WRN=0)
MR1e, MR2e
CSRe
CRe
THRe
ACRC
IMRC
CTPUC
CTPLC
MR1f, MR2f
CSRf
CRf
THRf
Reserved1
OPCRC
Reserved1
Reserved1
Units C and D
Units G and H
0
1
0
0
0
0
MR1c, MR2c
MR1c, MR2c
1
1
0
0
0
0
MR1g, MR2g
MR1g, MR2g
0
1
0
0
0
1
SRc
CSRc
1
1
0
0
0
1
SRg
CSRg
0
1
0
0
1
0
Reserved1
CRc
1
1
0
0
1
0
Reserved1
CRg
0
1
0
0
1
1
RHRc
THRc
1
1
0
0
1
1
RHRg
THRg
0
1
0
1
0
0
IPCRB
ACRB
1
1
0
1
0
0
IPCRD
ACRD
0
1
0
1
0
1
ISRB
IMRB
1
1
0
1
0
1
ISRD
IMRD
0
1
0
1
1
0
CTUB
CTPUB
1
1
0
1
1
0
CTUD
CTPUD
0
1
0
1
1
1
CTLB
CTPLB
1
1
0
1
1
1
CTLD
CTPLD
0
1
1
0
0
0
MR1d, MR2d
MR1d, MR2d
1
1
1
0
0
0
MR1h, MR2h
MR1h, MR2h
0
1
1
0
0
1
SRd
CSRd
1
1
1
0
0
1
SRh
CSRh
0
1
1
0
1
0
Reserved1
CRd
1
1
1
0
1
0
Reserved1
CRh
0
1
1
0
1
1
RHRd
THRd
1
1
1
0
1
1
RHRh
THRh
0
1
1
1
0
0
Reserved1
Reserved1
1
1
1
1
0
0
Reserved1
Reserved1
0
1
1
1
0
1
Input port B
OPCRB
1
1
1
1
0
1
Input port D
OPCRD
0
1
1
1
1
0
Start C/T B
Reserved1
1
1
1
1
1
0
Start C/T D
Reserved1
0
1
1
1
1
1
Stop C/T B
Reserved1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Stop C/T D
Reserved1
NOTE:
1. Reserved registers should never be read during normal operation since they are reserved for internal diagnostics.
ACR = Auxiliary control register
SR
= Status Register
CR
= Command register
THR = Tx holding register
CSR = Clock select register
RHR = Rx holding register
CTL = Counter/timer lower
IPCR = Input port change register
CTPL = Counter/timer preset lower register
ISR = Interrupt status register
CTU = Counter/timer upper
IMR = Interrupt mask register
CTPU = Counter/timer preset upper register
OPCR = Output port configuration register
MR = Mode register
2. See Table 5 for BRG Test frequencies in this data sheet, and “Extended baud rates for SCN2681, SCN68681, SCC2691, SCC2692, SCC68681
and SCC2698B” Philips Semiconductors ICs for Data Communications, IC-19, 1994.
used as a timer to produce a 16X clock for any other baud rate by
counting down the crystal clock or an external clock. The clock
selectors allow the independent selection, by the receiver and
transmitter, of any of these baud rates or an external timing signal.
BRG
The baud rate generator operates from the oscillator or external
clock input and is capable of generating 26 commonly used data
communications baud rates ranging from 50 to 115.2K baud.
Thirteen of these are available simultaneously for use by the
receiver and transmitter. Eight are fixed, and one of two sets of five
can be selected by programming ACR[7]. The clock outputs from
the BRG are at 16X the actual baud rate. The counter/timer can be
2000 Jan 31
Counter–Timer
The four Counter/Timers are programmable 16 bit dividers that are
used for generating miscellaneous clocks or generating timeout
7
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
Transmitter
The SCC2698 is conditioned to transmit data when the transmitter is
enabled through the command register. The SCC2698 indicates to
the CPU that it is ready to accept a character by setting the TxRDY
bit in the status register. This condition can be programmed to generate an interrupt request at MPO or MPP1 and INTRN. When the
transmitter is initially enabled the TxRDY and TxEMT bits will be set
in the status register. When a character is loaded to the transmit
FIFO the TxEMT bit will be reset. The TxEMT will not set until: 1)
the transmit FIFO is empty and the transmit shift register has finished transmitting the stop bit of the last character written to the
transmit FIFO, or 2) the transmitter is disabled and then re–enabled.
The TxRDY bit is set whenever the transmitter is enabled and the
TxFIFO is not full. Data is transferred from the holding register to
transmit shift register when it is idle or has completed transmission
of the previous character. Characters cannot be loaded into the
TxFIFO while the transmitter is disabled.
periods. These clocks may be used by any or all of the receivers
and transmitters in the OCTART or may be directed to an I/O pin for
miscellaneous use.
Counter/Timer programming
The counter timer is a 16–bit programmable divider that operates in
one of three modes: counter, timer, and time out.
• Timer mode generates a square wave.
•
•
Counter mode generates a time delay.
Time out mode counts time between received characters.
The C/T uses the numbers loaded into the Counter/Timer Lower
Register (CTPL) and the Counter/Timer Upper Register (CTPU) as
its divisor. The counter timer is controlled with six commands:
Start/Stop C/T, Read/Write Counter/Timer lower register and
Read/Write Counter/Timer upper register. These commands have
slight differences depending on the mode of operation. Please see
the detail of the commands under the CTPL/CTPU register
descriptions.
The transmitter converts the parallel data from the CPU to a serial
bit stream on the TxD output pin. It automatically sends a start bit
followed by the programmed number of data bits, an optional parity
bit, and the programmed number of stop bits. The least significant
bit is sent first. Following the transmission of the stop bits, if a new
character is not available in the TxFIFO, the TxD output remains
High and the TxEMT bit in the Status Register (SR) will be set to 1.
Transmission resumes and the TxEMT bit is cleared when the CPU
loads a new character into the TxFIFO.
Baud Rate Generation
When these timers are selected as baud rates for receiver or transmitter via the Clock Select register their output will be configured as
a 16x clock. Therefore one needs to program the timers to generate
a clock 16 times faster than the data rate. The formula for calculating ’n’, the number loaded to the CTPU and CTPL registers, based
on a particular input clock frequency is shown below.
If the transmitter is disabled, it continues operating until the character currently being transmitted and any characters in the TxFIFO
including parity and stop bit(s) have been completed.
For the timer mode the formula is as follows:
n=
2
Clockinputfrequency
16 Baudratedesired
The transmitter can be forced to send a continuous Low condition by
issuing a send break command from the command register. The
transmitter output is returned to the normal high with a stop break
command.
NOTE: ‘n’ may not assume values of 0 and 1.
The frequency generated from the above formula will be at a rate 16
times faster than the desired baud rate. The transmitter and receiver state machines include divide by 16 circuits, which provide the
final frequency and provide various timing edges used in the qualifying the serial data bit stream. Often this division will result in a non–
integer value: 26.3 for example. One may only program integer
numbers to a digital divider. There for 26 would be chosen. If 26.7
were the result of the division then 27 would be chosen. This gives
a baud rate error of 0.3/26.3 or 0.3/26.7 that yields a percentage
error of 1.14% or 1.12% respectively, well within the ability of the
asynchronous mode of operation. Higher input frequency to the
counter reduces the error effect of the fractional division
The transmitter can be reset through a software command. If it is
reset, operation ceases immediately and the transmitter must be
enabled through the command register before resuming operation.
If CTS option is enabled (MR2[4] = 1), the CTSN input at MPI0 must
be Low in order for the character to be transmitted. The transmitter
will check the state of the CTS input at the beginning of each character transmitted. If it is found to be High, the transmitter will delay
the transmission of any following characters until the CTS has returned to the low state. CTS going high during the serialization of a
character will not affect that character.
Transmitter “RS485 turnaround”
One should be cautious about the assumed benign effects of small
errors since the other receiver or transmitter with which one is communicating may also have a small error in the precise baud rate. In
a ”clean” communications environment using one start bit, eight data
bits and one stop bit the total difference allowed between the transmitter and receiver frequency is approximately 4.6%. Less than
eight data bits will increase this percentage.
The transmitter can also control the RTSN outputs, MPO via
MR2[5]. When this mode of operation is set, the meaning of the
MPO signal will usually be ‘end of message’. See description of the
MR2[5] bit for more detail.
Transmitter Flow control
The transmitter may be controlled by the CTSN input when enabled
by MR2(4). The CTSN input would be connected to RTSN output of
the receiver to which it is communicating. See further description in
the MR 1 and MR2 register descriptions.
Receiver and Transmitter
The Octal UART has eight full-duplex asynchronous
receiver/transmitters. The operating frequency for the receiver and
transmitter can be selected independently from the baud rate
generator, the counter/timer, or from an external input.
Receiver
The SCC2698 is conditioned to receive data when enabled through
the command register. The receiver looks for a High–to–Low
(mark–to–space) transition of the start bit on the RxD input pin. If a
transition is detected, the state of the RxD pin is sampled each 16X
clock for 7–1/2 clocks (16X clock mode) or at the next rising edge of
Registers associated with the communications channel are the
mode registers (MR1 and MR2), the clock select register (CSR), the
command register (CR), the status register (SR), the transmit
holding register (THR), and the receive holding register (RHR).
2000 Jan 31
SCC2698B
8
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
The framing, parity and received break status bits are reset when
the associated data byte is read from the RxFIFO since these “error”
conditions are attached to the byte that has the error
the bit time clock (1X clock mode). If RxD is sampled high, the start
bit is invalid and the search for a valid start bit begins again. If RxD
is still low, a valid start bit is assumed. The receiver then continues
to sample the input at one–bit time intervals at the theoretical center
of the bit. When the proper number of data bits and parity bit (if any)
have been assembled, with one half–stop bit the character will be
considered complete. The least significant bit is received first. The
data is then transferred to the Receive FIFO and the RxRDY bit in
the SR is set to a 1. This condition can be programmed to generate
an interrupt at MPO or MPP2 and INTRN. If the character length is
less than 8 bits, the most significant unused bits in the RxFIFO are
set to zero.
Overrun Error
The overrun error occurs when the RxFIFO is full, the receiver shift
register is full, and another start bit is detected. At this moment the
receiver has 4 valid characters and the start bit of the 5th has been
seen. At this point the host has approximately 6/16–bit time to read
a byte from the RxFIFO or the overrun condition will be set. The 5th
character then overruns the 4th and the 6th the 5th and so on until
an open position in the RxFIFO is seen. (“seen” meaning at least
one byte was read from the RxFIFO.)
Receiver FIFO
Overrun is cleared by a use of the “error reset” command in the
command register.
The RxFIFO consists of a First–In–First–Out (FIFO) stack with a
capacity of 3 characters. Data is loaded from the receive shift register into the topmost empty position of the FIFO. The RxRDY bit in
the status register is set whenever one or more characters are available to be read, and a FFULL status bit is set if all three (3) stack
positions are filled with data. Either of these bits can be selected to
cause an interrupt. A read of the RxFIFO outputs the data at the top
of the FIFO. After the read cycle, the data FIFO and its associated
status bits (see below) are ‘popped’ thus emptying a FIFO position
for new data.
The fundamental meaning of the overrun is that data has been lost.
Data in the RxFIFO remains valid. The receiver will begin placing
characters in the RxFIFO as soon as a position becomes vacant.
Note: Precaution must be taken when reading an overrun FIFO.
There will be 3 valid characters in the receiver FIFO. There will be
one character in the receiver shift register. However it will NOT be
known if more than one “over–running” character has been received
since the overrun bit was set. The 4th character is received and
read as valid but it will not be known how many characters were lost
between the two characters of the 3rd and 4th reads of the RxFIFO
Receiver Status Bits
There are five (5) status bits that are evaluated with each byte (or
character) received: received break, framing error, parity error, overrun error, and change of break. The first three are appended to
each byte and stored in the RxFIFO. The last two are not necessarily related to the byte being received or a byte that is in the RxFIFO.
They are however developed by the receiver state machine.
The ”Change of break” means that either a break has been detected
or that the break condition has been cleared. This bit is available in
the ISR. The break change bit being set in the ISR and the received
break bit being set in the SR will signal the beginning of a break. At
the termination of the break condition only the change of break in
the ISR will be set. After the break condition is detected the termination of the break will only be recognized when the RxD input
has returned to the high state for two successive edges of the 1x
clock; 1/2 to 1 bit time (see above).
The received break, framing error, parity error and overrun error (if
any) are strobed into the RxFIFO at the received character boundary, before the RxRDY status bit is set. For character mode (see
below) status reporting the SR (Status Register) indicates the condition of these bits for the character that is the next to be read from the
FIFO
The receiver is disabled by reset or via CR commands. A disabled
receiver will not interrupt the host CPU under any circumstance in
the normal mode of operation. If the receiver is in the multi–drop or
special mode, it will be partially enabled and thus may cause an
interrupt. Refer to section on Wake–Up and the register description
for MR1 for more information.
The ”received break” will always be associated with a zero byte in
the RxFIFO. It means that zero character was a break character
and not a zero data byte. The reception of a break condition will
always set the ”change of break” (see below) status bit in the Interrupt Status Register (ISR). The Change of break condition is reset
by a reset error status command in the command register
Receiver Status Modes (block and character)
This will usually require a high time of one X1 clock period or 3 X1
edges since the clock of the controller is not synchronous to the X1
clock.
In addition to the data word, three status bits (parity error, framing
error, and received break) are also appended to each data character
in the FIFO (overrun is not). Status can be provided in two ways, as
programmed by the error mode control bit in the mode register. In
the ‘character’ mode, status is provided on a character–by–character basis; the status applies only to the character at the top of the
FIFO. In the ‘block’ mode, the status provided in the SR for these
three bits is the logical–OR of the status for all characters coming to
the top of the FIFO since the last ‘reset error’ command was issued.
In either mode reading the SR does not affect the FIFO. The FIFO
is ‘popped’ only when the RxFIFO is read. Therefore the status
register should be read prior to reading the FIFO.
Framing Error
Receiver Flow Control
A framing error occurs when a non–zero character whose parity bit
(if used) and stop; bit are zero. If RxD remains low for one half of
the bit period after the stop bit was sampled, then the receiver operates as if the start bit of the next character had been detected.
The receiver can control the deactivation of RTS. If programmed to
operate in this mode, the RTSN output will be negated when a valid
start bit was received and the FIFO is full. When a FIFO position
becomes available, the RTSN output will be re–asserted automatically. This feature can be used to prevent an overrun, in the receiver, by connecting the RTSN output to the CTSN input of the
transmitting device.
Break Detection
If a break condition is detected (RxD is Low for the entire character
including the stop bit), a character consisting of all zeros will be
loaded into the RxFIFO and the received break bit in the SR is set to
1. The change of break bit also sets in the ISR The RxD input must
return to high for two (2) clock edges of the X1 crystal clock for the
receiver to recognize the end of the break condition and begin the
search for a start bit.
The parity error indicates that the receiver–generated parity was not
the same as that sent by the transmitter.
2000 Jan 31
9
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
Note: The transmitter may also control the “RTSN” pin. When under transmitter control the meaning is completely changed. The
meaning is the transmission has ended. This signal is usually used
to switch (turnaround) a bi–directional driver from transmit to receive.
the receiver, thereby withdrawing its interrupt. If, at this time, the
interrupt service begins for the previously seen interrupt, a read of
the ISR will show the “Counter Ready” bit not set. If nothing else is
interrupting, this read of the ISR will return a x’00 character.
If the receiver is disabled, the FIFO characters can be read. However, no additional characters can be received until the receiver is
enabled again. If the receiver is reset, the FIFO and all of the receiver status, and the corresponding output ports and interrupt are
reset. No additional characters can be received until the receiver is
enabled again.
Receiver disable stops the receiver immediately – data being
assembled if the receiver shift register is lost. Data and status in the
FIFO is preserved and may be read. A re-enable of the receiver
after a disable will cause the receiver to begin assembling
characters at the next start bit detected. A receiver reset will discard
the present shift register data, reset the receiver ready bit (RxRDY),
clear the status of the byte at the top of the FIFO and re-align the
FIFO read/write pointers. This has the appearance of “clearing or
flushing” the receiver FIFO. In fact, the FIFO is NEVER cleared!
The data in the FIFO remains valid until overwritten by another
received character. Because of this, erroneous reading or extra
reads of the receiver FIFO will miss-align the FIFO pointers and
result in the reading of previously read data. A receiver reset will
re-align the pointers.
Receiver Reset and Disable
Receiver Time–out Mode
The time–out mode uses the received data stream to control the
counter. Each time a received character is transferred from the shift
register to the RxFIFO, the counter is restarted. If a new character
is not received before the counter reaches zero count, the counter
ready bit is set, and an interrupt can be generated. This mode can
be used to indicate when data has been left in the RxFIFO for more
than the programmed time limit. Otherwise, if the receiver has been
programmed to interrupt the CPU when the receive FIFO is full, and
the message ends before the FIFO is full, the CPU may not know
there is data left in the FIFO. The CTPU and CTPL value would be
programmed for just over one character time, so that the CPU would
be interrupted as soon as it has stopped receiving continuous data.
This mode can also be used to indicate when the serial line has
been marking for longer than the programmed time limit. In this
case, the CPU has read all of the characters from the FIFO, but the
last character received has started the count. If there is no new
data during the programmed time interval, the counter ready bit will
get set, and an interrupt can be generated.
WAKE-UP MODE
In addition to the normal transmitter and receiver operation
described above, the Octal UART incorporates a special mode
which provides automatic wake-up of the receiver through address
frame recognition for multiprocessor communications. This mode is
selected by programming bits MR1[4:3] to ‘11’.
In this mode of operation, a ‘master’ station transmits an address
character followed by data characters for the addressed ‘slave’
station. The slave stations, whose receivers are normally disabled,
examine the received data stream and ‘wake-up’ the CPU [by
setting RxRDY) only upon receipt of an address character. The CPU
compares the received address to its station address and enables
the receiver if it wishes to receive the subsequent data characters.
Upon receipt of another address character, the CPU may disable the
receiver to initiate the process again.
The time–out mode is enabled by writing the appropriate command
to the command register. Writing an ‘Ax’ to CRA or CRB will invoke
the time–out mode for that channel. Writing a ‘Cx’ to CRA or CRB
will disable the time–out mode. The time–out mode should only be
used by one channel at once, since it uses the C/T. If, however, the
time–out mode is enabled from both receivers, the time–out will
occur only when both receivers have stopped receiving data for the
time–out period. CTPU and CTPL must be loaded with a value
greater than the normal receive character period. The time–out
mode disables the regular START/STOP Counter commands and
puts the ca/T into counter mode under the control of the received
data stream. Each time a received character is transferred from the
shift register to the RxFIFO, the C/T is stopped after 1 C/T clock,
reloaded with the value in CTPU and CTPL and then restarted on
the next C/T clock. If the C/T is allowed to end the count before a
new character has been received, the counter ready bit, ISR[3], will
be set. If IMR[3] is set, this will generate an interrupt. Receiving a
character after the C/T has timed out will clear the counter ready bit,
ISR[3], and the interrupt. Invoking the ‘Set Time–out Mode On’
command, CRx = ‘Ax’, will also clear the counter ready bit and stop
the counter until the next character is received.
A transmitted character consists of a start bit, the programmed
number of data bits, an address/data (A/D) bit, and the programmed
number of stop bits. The polarity of the transmitted A/D bit is
selected by the CPU by programming bit MR1[2]; MR1[2] = 0
transmits a zero in the A/D bit position which identifies the
corresponding data bits as data; MR1[2] = 1 transmits a one in the
A/D bit position which identifies the corresponding data bits as an
address. The CPU should program the mode register prior to
loading the corresponding data bits in the THR.
While in this mode, the receiver continuously looks at the received
data stream, whether it is enabled or disabled. If disabled, it sets the
RxRDY status bit and loads the character in the RHR FIFO if the
received A/D bit is a one, but discards the received character if the
received A/D bit is a zero. If enabled, all received characters are
then transferred to the CPU via the RHR. In either case, the data
bits are loaded in the data FIFO while the A/D bit is loaded in the
status FIFO position normally used for parity error (SR[5]). Framing
error, overrun error, and break detect operate normally whether or
not the receiver is enabled.
This mode is cleared by issuing the “Disable Time–out Mode” command (C0) in the command register.
Time Out Mode Caution
When operating in the special time out mode, it is possible to generate what appears to be a “false interrupt” – an interrupt without a
cause. This may result when a time–out interrupt occurs and then,
BEFORE the interrupt is serviced, another character is received,
i.e., the data stream has started again. (The interrupt latency is
longer than the pause in the data stream.) In this case, when a new
character has been receiver, the counter/timer will be restarted by
2000 Jan 31
The CTS, RTS, CTS Enable Tx signals
CTS (Clear To Send) is usually meant to be a signal to the transmitter meaning that it may transmit data to the receiver. The CTS input
is on pin MPI0 for the transmitter. The CTS signal is active low;
thus, it is called CTSN. RTS is usually meant to be a signal from the
10
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
be sure the TxRDY bit is active immediately before issuing the
transmitter disable instruction. (TxEMT is always set if the transmitter has underrun or has just been enabled), TxRDY sets at the end
of the “start bit” time. It is during the start bit that the data in the
transmit holding register is transferred to the transmit shift register.
receiver indicating that the receiver is ready to receive data. It is
also active low and is, thus, called RTSN. RTSN is on pin MPO. A
receiver’s RTS output will usually be connected to the CTS input of
the associated transmitter. Therefore, one could say that RTS and
CTS are different ends of the same wire!
MR2(4) is the bit that allows the transmitter to be controlled by the
CTS pin ( MPI0). When this bit is set to one AND the CTS input is
driven high, the transmitter will stop sending data at the end of the
present character being serialized. It is usually the RTS output of
the receiver that will be connected to the transmitter’s CTS input.
The receiver will set RTS high when the receiver FIFO is full AND
the start bit of the fourth character is sensed. Transmission then
stops with four valid characters in the receiver. When MR2(4) is set
to one, CTSN must be at zero for the transmitter to operate. If
MR2(4) is set to zero, the MPI0 pin will have no effect on the operation of the transmitter.
MULTI-PURPOSE INPUT PIN
The inputs to this unlatched 8-bit port for each block can be read by
the CPU, by performing a read operation as shown in Table 1. A
High input results in a logic one, while a Low input results in a logic
zero. When the input port pins are read on the 84-pin LLCC, they
will appear on the data bus in alternating pairs (i.e., DB0 = MP10a,
DB1 = MPI1a, DB2 = MPI0b, DB3 = MPI1b, DB4 = MPP1a, DB5 =
MPP2a, DB6 = MPP1b, DB7 = MPP2b. Although this example is
shown for input port ‘A’, all ports will have a similar order).
MR1(7) is the bit that allows the receiver to control MPO. When
MPO is controlled by the receiver, the meaning of that pin will be
RTS. However, a point of confusion arises in that MPO may also be
controlled by the transmitter. When the transmitter is controlling this
pin, its meaning is not RTS at all. It is, rather, that the transmitter
has finished sending its last data byte. Programming the MPO pin
to be controlled by the receiver and the transmitter at the same time
is allowed, but would usually be incompatible.
The MPI pin can be programmed as an input to one of several Octal
UART circuits. The function of the pin is selected by programming
the appropriate control register. Change-of-state detectors are
provided for MPI0 and MPI1 for each channel in each block. A
High-to-Low or Low-to-High transition of the inputs lasting longer
than 25 to 50µs sets the MPI change-of-state bit in the interrupt
status register. The bit is cleared via a command. The
change-of-state can be programmed to generate an interrupt to the
CPU by setting the corresponding bit in the interrupt mask register.
RTS can also be controlled by the commands 1000 and 1001 in the
command register. RTS is expressed at the MP0 pin which is still an
output port. Therefore, the state of MP0 should be set low (either by
commands of the CR register or by writing to the Output Port Configuration Register) for the receiver to generate the proper RTS signal. The logic at the output is basically a NAND of the MP0 bit
register and the RTS signal as generated by the receiver. When the
RTS flow control is selected via the MR1(7) bit the state of the MP0
register is not changed. Terminating the use of “Flow Control” (via
the MR registers) will return the MP0 pin to the control of the MP0
register.
The input port pulse detection circuitry uses a 38.4KHz sampling
clock, derived from one of the baud rate generator taps. This
produces a sampling period of slightly more than 25µs (assuming a
3.6864MHz oscillator input). The detection circuitry, in order to
guarantee that a true change in level has occurred, requires two
successive samples be observed at the new logic level. As a
consequence, the minimum duration of the signal change is 25µs if
the transition occurs coincident with the first sample pulse. (The
50µs time refers to the condition where the change-of-state is just
missed and the first change of state is not detected until after an
additional 25µs.)
Transmitter Disable Note
MULTI-PURPOSE I/O PINS
When the TxEMT bit is set the sequence of instructions: enable
transmitter — load transmit holding register — disable transmitter
will often result in nothing being sent. In the condition of the TxEMT
being set do not issue the disable until the TxRDY bit goes active
again after the character is loaded to the TxFIFO. The data is not
sent if the time between the end of loading the transmit holding register and the disable command is less that 3/16 bit time in the 16x
mode. One bit time in the 1x mode.
The multi-purpose pins (MPP) can be programmed as inputs or
outputs using OPCR[7]. When programmed as inputs, the functions
of the pins are selected by programming the appropriate control
registers. When programmed as outputs, the two MPP1 pins (per
block) will provide the transmitter ready (TxRDY) status for each
channel and the MPP2 pins will provide the receiver ready or FIFO
full (RxRDY/FFULL) status for each channel.
This is sometimes the condition when the RS485 automatic “turnaround” is enabled . It will also occur when only one character is to
be sent and it is desired to disable the transmitter immediately after
the character is loaded.
MULTI-PURPOSE OUTPUT PIN
This pin can be programmed to serve as a request-to-send output,
the counter/timer output, the output for the 1X or 16X transmitter or
receiver clocks, the TxRDY output or the RxRDY/FFULL output (see
OPCR [2:0] and OPCR [6:4] – MPO Output Select).
In general, when it is desired to disable the transmitter before the
last character is sent AND the TxEMT bit is set in the status register
2000 Jan 31
11
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
MR2[7:6] – Mode Select
The Octal UART can operate in one of four modes. MR2[7:6] = 00 is
the normal mode, with the transmitter and receiver operating
independently. MR2[7:6] = 01 places the channel in the automatic
echo mode, which automatically re-transmits the received data. The
following conditions are true while in automatic echo mode:
1. Received data is re-clocked and retransmitted on the TxD output.
2. The receive clock is used for the transmitter.
3. The receiver must be enabled, but the transmitter need not be
enabled.
4. The TxRDY and TxEMT status bits are inactive.
5. The received parity is checked, but is not regenerated for
transmission, i.e., transmitted parity bit is as received.
6. Character framing is checked, but the stop bits are retransmitted as
received.
7. A received break is echoed as received until the next valid start bit
is detected.
8. CPU-to-receiver communication continues normally, but the
CPU-to-transmitter link is disabled.
REGISTERS
The operation of the Octal UART is programmed by writing control
words into the appropriate registers. Operational feedback is
provided via status registers which can be read by the CPU.
Addressing of the registers is described in Table 1.
The bit formats of the Octal UART registers are depicted in Table 2.
These are shown for block A. The bit format for the other blocks is
the same.
MR1 – Mode Register 1
MR1 is accessed when the MR pointer points to MR1. The pointer is
set to MR1 by RESET or by a set pointer command applied via the
CR. After reading or writing MR1, the pointers are set at MR2.
MR1[7] – Receiver Request-to-Send Control
This bit controls the deactivation of the RTSN output (MPO) by the
receiver. This output is manually asserted and negated by
commands applied via the command register. MR1[7] = 1 causes
RTSN to be automatically negated upon receipt of a valid start bit if
the receiver FIFO is full. RTSN is reasserted when an empty FIFO
position is available. This feature can be used to prevent overrun in
the receiver by using the RTSN output signal to control the CTS
input of the transmitting device.
Two diagnostic modes can also be selected. MR2[7:6] = 10 selects
local loopback mode. In this mode:
1. The transmitter output is internally connected to the receiver
input.
2. The transmit clock is used for the receiver.
3. The TxD output is held high.
4. The RxD input is ignored.
5. The transmitter must be enabled, but the receiver need not be
enabled.
6. CPU to transmitter and receiver communications continue
normally.
MR1[6] – Receiver Interrupt Select
This bit selects either the receiver ready status (RxRDY) or the FIFO
full status (FFULL) to be used for CPU interrupts.
MR1[5] – Error Mode Select
This bit selects the operating mode of the three FIFOed status bits
(FE, PE, received break). In the character mode, status is provided
on a character-by-character basis; the status applies only to the
character at the top of the FIFO. In the block mode, the status
provided in the SR for these bits is the accumulation (logical-OR) of
the status for all characters coming to the top of the FIFO since the
last reset error command was issued.
The second diagnostic mode is the remote loopback mode, selected
by MR2[7:6] = 11. In this mode:
1. Received data is re-clocked and retransmitted on the TXD
output.
2. The receive clock is used for the transmitter.
3. Received data is not sent to the local CPU, and the error status
conditions are inactive.
4. The received parity is not checked and is not regenerated for
transmission, i.e., the transmitted parity bit is as received.
5. The receiver must be enabled, but the transmitter need not be
enabled.
6. Character framing is not checked, and the stop bits are
retransmitted as received.
7. A received break is echoed as received until the next valid start
bit is detected.
MR1[4:3] – Parity Mode Select
If ‘with parity’ or ‘force parity’ is selected, a parity bit is added to the
transmitted character and the receiver performs a parity check on
incoming data. MR1[4:3] = 11 selects the channel to operate in the
special wake-up mode.
MR1[2] – Parity Type Select
This bit selects the parity type (odd or even) if the ‘with parity’ mode
is programmed by MR1[4:3], and the polarity of the forced parity bit
if the ‘force parity’ mode is programmed. It has no effect if the ‘no
parity’ mode is programmed. In the special ‘wake-up’ mode, it
selects the polarity of the transmitted A/D bit.
The user must exercise care when switching into and out of the
various modes. The selected mode will be activated immediately
upon mode selection, even if this occurs in the middle of a received
or transmitted character. Likewise, if a mode is deselected, the
device will switch out of the mode immediately. An exception to this
is switching out of autoecho or remote loopback modes; if the
deselection occurs just after the receiver has sampled the stop bit
(indicated in autoecho by assertion of RxRDY), and the transmitter
is enabled, the transmitter will remain in autoecho mode until the
entire stop bit has been retransmitted.
MR1[1:0] – Bits Per Character Select
This field selects the number of data bits per character to be
transmitted and received. The character length does not include the
start, parity, and stop bits.
MR2 – Mode Register 2
MR2 is accessed when the channel MR pointer points to MR2,
which occurs after any access to MR1. Accesses to MR2 do not
change the pointer.
2000 Jan 31
SCC2698B
12
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
Table 2. Register Bit Formats
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
RxRTS
Control
RxINT Select
Error Mode*
Parity Mode
Parity Type
Bits per Character
0 = No
0 = RxRDY
0 = Char
00 = With parity
0 = Even
00 = 5
1 = Yes
1 = FFULL
1 = Block
01 = Force parity
1 = Odd
01 = 6
MR1 (Mode Register 1)
10 = No parity
10 = 7
11 = Special mode
11 = 8
NOTE: *In block error mode, block error conditions must be cleared by using the error reset command (command 4x) or a receiver reset.
MR2 (Mode Register 2)
TxRTS
Control
CTS Enable
Tx
0 = 0.563
4 = 0.813
8 = 1.563
C = 1.813
01 = Auto-echo
0 = No
0 = No
1 = 0.625
5 = 0.875
9 = 1.625
C = 1.875
10 = Local loop
1 = Yes
1 = Yes
2 = 0.688
6 = 0.938
A = 1.688
E = 1.938
3 = 0.750
7 = 1.000
B = 1.750
F = 2.000
Channel Mode
Stop Bit Length*
00 = Normal
11 = Remote loop
NOTE: *Add 0.5 to values shown above for 0–7, if channel is programmed for 5 bits/char.
CR (Command Register)
Miscellaneous Commands
See text
Disable Tx
Enable Tx
Disable Rx
Enable Rx
0 = No
0 = No
0 = No
0 = No
1 = Yes
1 = Yes
1 = Yes
1 = Yes
NOTE: Access to the upper four bits of the command register should be separated by three (3) edges of the X1 clock. A disabled transmitter
cannot be loaded
SR (Status Register)
Rec’d Break*
Framing
Error*
Parity Error*
Overrun Error
TxEMT
TxRDY
FFULL
RxRDY
0 = No
0 = No
0 = No
0 = No
0 = No
0 = No
0 = No
0 = No
1 = Yes
1 = Yes
1 = Yes
1 = Yes
1 = Yes
1 = Yes
1 = Yes
1 = Yes
NOTE: *These status bits are appended to the corresponding data character in the receive FIFO. A read of the status register provides these
bits [7:5] from the top of the FIFO together with bits [4:0]. These bits are cleared by a reset error status command. In character mode, they
must be reset when the corresponding data character is read from the FIFO. In block error mode, block error conditions must be cleared by
using the error reset command (command 4x) or a receiver reset.
2000 Jan 31
13
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
Table 2. Register Bit Formats (Continued)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
CSR (Clock Select Register)
Receiver Clock Select
Transmitter Clock Select
See text
See text
* See Table 5 for BRG Test frequencies in this data sheet, and “Extended baud rates for SCN2681, SCN68681, SCC2691, SCC2692,
SCC68681 and SCC2698B” Philips Semiconductors ICs for Data Communications, IC-19, 1994.
OPCR (Output Port Configuration Register) This register controls the MPP I/O pins and the MPO multi-purpose output pins.
MPP Function
Select
MPOb Pin Function Select
0 = input
1 = output
Power-Down
Mode*
MPOa Pin Function Select
000 = RTSN
0 = Off
000 = RTSN
001 = C/TO
1 = On
001 = C/TO
010 = TxC (1X)
010 = TxC (1X)
011 = TxC (16X)
011 = TxC (16X)
100 = RxC (1X)
100 = RxC (1X)
101 = RxC (16X)
101 = RxC (16X)
110 = TxRDY
110 = TxRDY
111 = RxRDY/FF
111 = RxRDY/FF
NOTE: *Only OPCR[3] in block A controls the power-down mode.
ACR (Auxiliary Control Register)
BRG Select
Counter/Timer Mode and Source
Delta
MPI1bINT
Delta
MPI0bINT
Delta
MPI1aINT
Delta
MPI0aINT
0 = set 1
1 = set 2
See Text
0 = off
1 = on
0 = off
1 = on
0 = off
1 = on
0 = off
1 = on
IPCR (Input Port Change Register)
Delta MPI1b
Delta MPI0b
Delta MPI1a
Delta MPI0a
MPI1b
MPI0b
MPI1a
MPI0a
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = Low
1 = High
0 = Low
1 = High
0 = Low
1 = High
0 = Low
1 = High
ISR (Interrupt Status Register)
MPI Port
Change
Delta BREAKb
RxRDY/
FFULLb
TxRDYb
Counter
Ready
Delta BREAKa
RxRDY/
FFULLa
TxRDYa
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
0 = No
1 = Yes
IMR (Interrupt Mask Register)
MPI Port
Change INT
Delta BREAKb
INT
RxRDY/
FFULLb INT
TxRDYb INT
Counter
Ready INT
Delta BREAKa
INT
RxRDY/
FFULLa INT
TxRDYa INT
0 = off
1 = on
0 = off
1 = on
0 = off
1 = on
0 = off
1 = on
0 = off
1 = on
0 = off
1 = on
0 = off
1 = on
0 = off
1 = on
C/T[13]
C/T[12]
C/T[11]
C/T[10]
C/T[9]
C/T[8]
C/T[5]
C/T[4]
C/T[3]
C/T[2]
C/T[1]
C/T[0]
CTPU (Counter/Timer Upper Register)
C/T[15]
C/T[14]
CTPU (Counter/Timer Lower Register)
C/T[7]
C/T[6]
IPR (Input Port Register) MPP and MPI Pins
MPP2b
MPP1b
MPP2a
MPP1a
MPI1b
MPI0b
MPI1a
MPI0a
0 = Low
1 = High
0 = Low
1 = High
0 = Low
1 = High
0 = Low
1 = High
0 = Low
1 = High
0 = Low
1 = High
0 = Low
1 = High
0 = Low
1 = High
NOTE: When TxEMT and TxRDY bits are at one just before a write to the Transmit Holding register, a command to disable the transmitter
should be delayed until the TxRDY is at one again. TxRDY will set to one at the end of the start bit time.
2000 Jan 31
14
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
MR2[5] – Transmitter Request-to-Send Control
CAUTION: When the transmitter controls the OP pin (usually used
for the RTSN signal) the meaning of the pin is not RTSN at all!
Rather, it signals that the transmitter has finished the transmission
(i.e., end of block).
SCC2698B
CSR – Clock Select Register
Table 3. Baud Rate
This bit allows deactivation of the RTSN output by the transmitter.
This output is manually asserted and negated by the appropriate
commands issued via the command register. MR2[5] set to 1
caused the RTSN to be reset automatically one bit time after the
character(s) in the transmit shift register and in the THR (if any) are
completely transmitted (including the programmed number of stop
bits) if a previously issued transmitter disable is pending. This
feature can be used to automatically terminate the transmission as
follows:
1. Program the auto-reset mode: MR2[5]=1
2. Enable transmitter, if not already enabled
3. Assert RTSN via command
4. Send message
5. Disable the transmitter after the last byte of the message is
loaded to the TxFIFO. At the time the disable command is
issued, be sure that the transmitter ready bit is on and the
transmitter empty bit is off. If the transmitter empty bit is on
(indicating the transmitter is underrun) when the disable is
issued, the last byte will not be sent.
6. The last character will be transmitted and the RTSN will be reset
one bit time after the last stop bit is sent.
CSR[7:4]
ACR[7] = 0
ACR[7] = 1
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
50
110
134.5
200
300
600
1,200
1,050
2,400
4,800
7,200
9,600
38.4k
Timer
MP2 – 16X
MP2 – 1X
75
110
38.4k
150
300
600
1,200
2,000
2,400
4,800
1,800
9,600
19.2k
Timer
MP2 – 16X
MP2 – 1X
The receiver clock is always a 16X clock, except for CSR[7:4] =
1111. When MPP2 is selected as the input, MPP2a is for channel a
and MPP2b is for channel b. See Table 5.
NOTE: The transmitter is in an underrun condition when both the
TxRDY and the TxEMT bits are set. This condition also exists
immediately after the transmitter is enabled from the disabled or
reset state. When using the above procedure with the transmitter in
the underrun condition, the issuing of the transmitter disable must be
delayed from the loading of a single, or last, character until the
TxRDY becomes active again after the character is loaded.
CSR[7:4] – Receiver Clock Select
When using a 3.6864MHz crystal or external clock input, this field
selects the baud rate clock for the receiver as shown in Table 3.
CSR[3:0] – Transmitter Clock Select
This field selects the baud rate clock for the transmitter. The field
definition is as shown in Table 3, except as follows:
CSR[3:0]
ACR[7] = 0
ACR[7] = 1
1110
MPP1 – 16X
MPP1 – 16X
1111
MPP1 – 1X
MPP1 – 1X
When MPP1 is selected as the input, MPP1a is for channel a and
MPP1b is for channel b.
MR2[4] – Clear-to-Send Control
The sate of this bit determines if the CTSN input (MPI) controls the
operation of the transmitter. If this bit is 0, CTSN has no effect on the
transmitter. If this bit is a 1, the transmitter checks the sate of CTSN
each time it is ready to send a character. If it is asserted (Low), the
character is transmitted. If it is negated (High), the TxD output
remains in the marking state and the transmission is delayed until
CTSN goes Low. Changes in CTSN, while a character is being
transmitted do not affect the transmission of that character. This
feature can be used to prevent overrun of a remote receiver.
CR – Command Register
CR is used to write commands to the Octal UART.
CR[7:4] – Miscellaneous Commands
The encoded value of this field can be used to specify a single
command as follows:
MR2[3:0] – Stop Bit Length Select
This field programs the length of the stop bit appended to the
transmitted character. Stop bit lengths of 9/16 to 1 and 1–9/16 to 2
bits, in increments of 1/16 bit, can be programmed for character
lengths of 6, 7, and 8 bits. For a character length of 5 bits, 1–1/16 to
2 stop bits can be programmed in increments of 1/16 bit. In all
cases, the receiver only checks for a mark condition at the center of
the first stop bit position (one bit time after the last data bit, or after
the parity bit if parity is enabled). If an external 1X clock is used for
the transmitter, MR2[3] = 0 selects one stop bit and MR2[3] = 1
selects two stop bits to be transmitted.
NOTE: Access to the upper four bits of the command register
should be separated by three (3) edges of the X1 clock.
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
2000 Jan 31
15
No command.
Reset MR pointer. Causes the MR pointer to point to
MR1.
Reset receiver. Resets the receiver as if a hardware
reset had been applied. The receiver is disabled and the
FIFO pointer is reset to the first location.
Reset transmitter. Resets the transmitter as if a hardware
reset had been applied.
Reset error status. Clears the received break, parity
error, framing error, and overrun error bits in the status
register (SR[7:4]}. Used in character mode to clear OE
status (although RB, PE, and FE bits will also be
cleared), and in block mode to clear all error status after
a block of data has been received.
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
111x
external 1x clock. This will usually require a high time of one X1
clock period or 3 X1 edges since the clock of the controller is
not synchronous to the X1 clock.
Reset break change interrupt. Causes the break detect
change bit in the interrupt status register (ISR[2 or 6]) to
be cleared to zero.
Start break. Forces the TxD output low (spacing). If the
transmitter is empty, the start of the break condition will
be delayed up to two bit times. If the transmitter is active,
the break begins when transmission of the character is
completed. If a character is in the THR, the start of break
is delayed until that character or any others loaded after
it have been transmitted (TxEMT must be true before
break begins). The transmitter must be enabled to start a
break
Stop break. The TxD line will go high (marking) within
two bit times. TxD will remain high for one bit time before
the next character, if any, is transmitted.
Assert RTSN. Causes the RTSN output to be asserted
(Low).
Negate RTSN. Causes the RTSN output to be negated
(High).
Set Timeout Mode On. The register in this channel will
restart the C/T as each receive character is transferred
from the shift register to the RHR. The C/T is placed in
the counter mode, the START/STOP counter commands
are disabled, the counter is stopped, and the Counter
Ready Bit, ISR[3], is reset.
Reserved.
Disable Timeout Mode. This command returns control of
the C/T to the regular START/STOP counter commands.
It does not stop the counter, or clear any pending
interrupts. After disabling the timeout mode, a ‘Stop
Counter’ command should be issued.
Reserved.
Reserved for testing.
When this bit is set, the change in break bit in the ISR (ISR[6 or 2])
is set. ISR[6 or 2] is also set when the end of the break condition, as
defined above, is detected. The break detect circuitry is capable of
detecting breaks that originate in the middle of a received character.
However, if a break begins in the middle of a character, it must last
until the end of the next character in order for it to be detected.
SR[6] – Framing Error (FE)
This bit, when set, indicates that a stop bit was not detected when
the corresponding data character in the FIFO was received. The
stop bit check is made in the middle of the first stop bit position.
SR[5]– Parity Error (PE)
This bit is set when the ‘with parity’ or ‘force parity’ mode is
programmed and the corresponding character in the FIFO was
received with incorrect parity. In special ‘wake-up mode’, the parity
error bit stores the received A/D bit.
SR[4] – Overrun Error (OE)
This bit, when set, indicates that one or more characters in the
received data stream have been lost. It is set upon receipt of a new
character when the FIFO is full and a character is already in the
receive shift register waiting for an empty FIFO position. When this
occurs, the character in the receive shift register (and its break
detect, parity error and framing error status, if any) is lost. This bit is
cleared by a reset error status command.
SR[3] – Transmitter Empty (TxEMT)
This bit will be set when the transmitter underruns, i.e., both the
transmit holding register and the transmit shift register are empty. It
is set after transmission of the last stop bit of a character, If no
character is in the THR awaiting transmission. It is reset when the
THR is loaded by the CPU, or when the transmitter is disabled.
CR[3] – Disable Transmitter
This command terminates transmitter operation and resets the
TxRDY and TxEMT status bits. However, if a character is being
transmitted or if a character is in the THR when the transmitter is
disabled, the transmission of the character(s) is completed before
assuming the inactive state.
SR[2] – Transmitter Ready (TxRDY)
This bit, when set, indicates that the THR is empty and ready to be
loaded with a character. This bit is cleared when the THR is loaded
by the CPU and is set when the character is transferred to the
transmit shift register. TxRDY is reset when the transmitter is
disabled and is set when the transmitter is first enabled, e.g.,
characters loaded in the THR while the transmitter is disabled will
not be transmitted.
CR[2] – Enable Transmitter
Enables operation of the transmitter. The TxRDY status bit will be
asserted.
CR[1] – Disable Receiver
This command terminates operation of the receiver immediately – a
character being received will be lost. The command has no effect on
the receiver status bits or any other control registers. If the special
wake–up mode is programmed, the receiver operates even if it is
disabled (see Wake-up Mode).
SR[1] – FIFO Full (FFULL)
This bit is set when a character is transferred from the receive shift
register to the receive FIFO and the transfer causes the FIFO to
become full, i.e., all three FIFO positions are occupied. It is reset
when the CPU reads the FIFO and there is no character in the
receive shift register. If a character is waiting in the receive shift
register because the FIFO is full, FFULL is not reset after reading
the FIFO once.
CR[0] – Enable Receiver
Enables operation of the receiver. If not in the special wake-up
mode, this also forces the receiver into the search for start bit state.
SR – Channel Status Register
SR[0] – Receiver Ready (RxRDY)
This bit indicates that a character has been received and is waiting
in the FIFO to be read by the CPU. It is set when the character is
transferred from the receive shift register to the FIFO and reset
when the CPU reads the RHR, and no more characters are in the
FIFO.
SR[7] – Received Break
This bit indicates that an all zero character of the programmed
length has been received without a stop bit. Only a single FIFO
position is occupied when a break is received; further entries to the
FIFO are inhibited until the RxDA line returns to the marking state
for at least one-half bit time two successive edges of the internal or
2000 Jan 31
SCC2698B
16
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
The selected set of rates is available for use by the receiver and
transmitter.
OPCR – Output Port Configuration Register
OPCR[7] – MPP Function Select
When this bit is a zero, the MPP pins function as inputs, to be used
as general purpose inputs or as receiver or transmitter external
clock inputs. When this bit is set, the MPP pins function as outputs.
MPP1 will be a TxRDY indicator, and MPP2 will be an
RxRDY/FFULL indicator.
ACR[6:4] – Counter/Timer Mode and Clock Source Select
This field selects the operating mode of the counter/timer and its
clock source (see Table 4).
The MPI1 pin available as the Counter/Timer clock source is MPI1
a,c,e, and g only.
OPCR[6:4] – MPOb Output Select
This field programs the MPOb output pin to provide one of the
following:
000
Request-to-send active-Low output (RTSN). This output
is asserted and negated via the command register. Mode
RTSN can be programmed to be automatically reset after
the character in the transmitter is completely shifted out
or when the receiver FIFO and receiver shift register are
full using MR2[5] and MR1[7], respectively.
001
010
SCC2698B
Table 4. ACR[6:4] Operating Mode
The counter/timer output. In the timer mode, this output is
a square wave with a period of twice the value (in clock
periods) of the contents of the CTPU and CTPL. In the
counter mode, the output remains high until the terminal
count is reached, at which time it goes low. The output
returns to the High state when the counter is stopped by
a stop counter command.
The 1X clock for the transmitter, which is the clock that
shifts the transmitted data. If data is not being
transmitted, a non-synchronized 1X clock is output.
[6:4]
Mode
Clock Source
0 0 0
Counter
MPI1a pin
0 0 1
Counter
MPI1a pin divided by 16
0 1 0
Counter
TxC–1XA clock of the transmitter
0 1 1
Counter
Crystal or MPI pin (X1/CLK) divided by 16
1 0 0
Timer
MPI1a pin
1 0 1
Timer
MPI1a pin divided by 16
1 1 0
Timer
Crystal or external clock (X1/CLK)
1 1 1
Timer
Crystal or MPI pin (X1/CLK) divided by 16
NOTE: The timer mode generates a squarewave.
ACR[3:0] – MPI1b, MPI0b, MPI1a, MPI0a Change-of-State
Interrupt Enable
This field selects which bits of the input port change register (IPCR)
cause the input change bit in the interrupt status register, ISR[7], to
be set. If a bit is in the ‘on’ state, the setting of the corresponding bit
in the IPCR will also result in the setting of ISR[7], which results in
the generation of an interrupt output if IMR[7] = 1. If a bit is in the
‘off’ state, the setting of that bit in the IPCR has no effect on ISR[7].
011
The 16X clock for the transmitter. This is the clock
selected by CSR[3:0], and is a 1X clock if CSR[3:0] =
1111.
100
The 1X clock for the receiver, which is the clock that
samples the received data. If data is not being received,
a non-synchronized 1X clock is output.
101
The 16X clock for the receiver. This is the clock selected
by CSR[7:4], and is a 1X clock if CSR[7:4] = 1111.
110
The transmitter register ready signal, which is the same
as SR[2].
IPCR – Input Port Change Register
111
The receiver ready or FIFO full signal.
IPCR[7:4] – MPI1b, MPI0b, MPI1a, MPI0a Change-of-State
These bits are set when a change of state, as defined in the Input
Port section of this data sheet, occurs at the respective pins. They
are cleared when the IPCR is read by the CPU. A read of the IPCR
also clears ISR[7], the input change bit in the interrupt status
register. The setting of these bits can be programmed to generate
an interrupt to the CPU.
OPCR[3] – Power Down Mode Select
This bit, when set, selects the power-down mode. In this mode, the
2698B oscillator is stopped and all functions requiring this clock are
suspended. The contents of all registers are saved. It is
recommended that the transmitter and receiver be disabled prior to
placing the 2698B in this mode. This bit is reset with RESET
asserted. Note that this bit must be set to a logic 1 after power up.
Only OPCR[3] in block A controls the power-down mode.
IPCR[3:0] – MPI1b, MPI0b, MPI1a, MPI0a Change-of-State
These bits provide the current state of the respective inputs. The
information is unlatched and reflects the state of the inputs pins
during the time the IPCR is read.
OPCR[2:0] – MPOa Output Select
This field programs the MPOa output pin to provide one of the same
functions as described in OPCR[6:4].
ISR – Interrupt Status Register
This register provides the status of all potential interrupt sources.
The contents of this register are masked by the interrupt mask
register (IMR). If a bit in the ISR is a ‘1’ and the corresponding bit in
the IMR is also a ‘1’, the INTRN output is asserted (Low). If the
corresponding bit in the IMR is a zero, the state of the bit in the ISR
has no effect on the INTRN output. Note that the IMR does not mask
the reading of the ISR; the true status is provided regardless of the
contents of the IMR.
ACR – Auxiliary Control Register
ACR[7] – Baud Rate Generator Set Select
This bit selects one of two sets of baud rates generated by the BRG.
Set 1:
50, 110, 134.5, 200, 300, 600, 1.05k, 1.2k, 2.4k, 4.8k, 7.2k,
9.6k, and 38.4k baud.
Set 2:
75, 110, 150, 300, 600, 1.2k, 1.8k, 2.0k, 2.4k, 4.8k, 9.6k,
19.2k, and 38.4k baud.
2000 Jan 31
17
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
ISR[7] – MPI Change-of-State
This bit is set when a change-of-state occurs at the MPI1b, MPI0b,
MPI1a, MPI0a input pins. It is reset when the CPU reads the IPCR.
bit in the IMR is a ‘1’, the INTRN output is asserted (Low). If the
corresponding bit in the IMR is a zero, the state of the bit in the ISR
has no effect on the INTRN output. Note that the IMR does not mask
reading of the ISR.
ISR[6] – Channel b Change in Break
This bit, when set, indicates that the receiver has detected the
beginning or the end of a received break. It is reset when the CPU
issues a reset break change interrupt command.
CTPU and CTPL – Counter/Timer Registers
The CTPU and CTPL hold the eight MSBs and eight LSBs,
respectively, of the value to be used by the counter/timer in either
the counter or timer modes of operation. The minimum value which
may be loaded into the CTPU/CTPL registers is H‘0002’. Note that
these registers are write-only and cannot be read by the CPU.
ISR[5] – Receiver Ready or FIFO Full Channel b
The function of this bit is programmed by MR1[6]. If programmed as
receiver ready, it indicates that a character has been received and is
waiting in the FIFO to be read by the CPU. It is set when the
character is transferred from the receive shift register to the FIFO
and reset when the CPU reads the receiver FIFO. If the FIFO
contains more characters, the bit will be set again after the FIFO is
read.
In the timer (programmable divider) mode, the C/T generates a
square wave with a period of twice the value (in clock periods) of
the CTPU and CTPL. The waveform so generated is often used for
a data clock. The formula for calculating the divisor n to load to the
CTPU and CTPL for a particular 1X data clock is shown below:
If programmed as FIFO full, it is set when a character is transferred
from the receive holding register to the receive FIFO and the
transfer causes the FIFO to become full, i.e., all three FIFO
positions are occupied. It is reset when FIFO is read and there is no
character in the receiver shift register. If there is a character waiting
in the receive shift register because the FIFO is full, the bit is set
again when the waiting character is transferred into the FIFO.
n +
CńT Clock Frequency
2 x 16 Baud rate desired
Often this division will result in a non-integer number; 26.3, for
example. One can only program integer numbers in a digital divider.
Therefore, 26 would be chosen. This gives a baud rate error of
0.3/26.3 which is 1.14%; well within the ability asynchronous mode
of operation.
ISR[4] – Transmitter Ready Channel b
This bit is a duplicate of TxRDY (SR[2]).
If the value in CTPU or CTPL is changed, the current half-period will
not be affected, but subsequent half-periods will be. The C/T will not
be running until it receives an initial ‘Start Counter’ command (read
at address A3–A0 = 1110). After this, while in timer mode, the C/T
will run continuously. Receipt of a subsequent start counter
command causes the C/T to terminate the current timing cycle and
to begin a new cycle using the values in the CTPU and CTPL.
ISR[3] – Counter Ready
In the counter mode of operation, this bit is set when the counter
reaches terminal count and is reset when the counter is stopped by
a stop counter command. It is initialized to ‘0’ when the chip is reset.
In the timer mode, this bit is set once each cycle of the generated
square wave (every other time the C/T reaches zero count). The bit
is reset by a stop counter command. The command, however, does
not stop the C/T.
The counter ready status bit (ISR[3]) is set once each cycle of the
square wave. The bit is reset by a stop counter command read with
A3–A0 = H‘F’). The command, however, does not stop the C/T. The
generated square wave is output on MPO if it is programmed to be
the C/T output.
ISR[2] – Channel a Change in Break
This bit, when set, indicates that the receiver has detected the
beginning or the end of a received break. It is reset when the CPU
issues a reset break change interrupt command.
In the counter mode, the C/T counts down the number of pulses
loaded in CTPU and CTPL by the CPU. Counting begins upon
receipt of a start counter command. Upon reaching the terminal
count H‘0000’, the counter ready interrupt bit (ISR[3]) is set. The
counter continues counting past the terminal count until stopped by
the CPU. If MPO is programmed to be the output of the C/T, the
output remains High until the terminal count is reached, at which
time it goes Low. The output returns to the High state and ISR[3] is
cleared when the counter is stopped by a stop counter command.
The CPU may change the values of CTPU and CTPL at any time,
but the new count becomes effective only on the next start counter
command. If new values have not been loaded, the previous values
are preserved and used for the next count cycle.
ISR[1] – Receiver Ready or FIFO Full Channel a
The function of this bit is programmed by MR1[6]. If programmed as
receiver ready, it indicates that a character has been received and is
waiting in the FIFO to be ready by the CPU. It is set when the
character is transferred from the receive shift register to the FIFO
and reset when the CPU reads the receiver FIFO. If the FIFO
contains more characters, the bit will be set again after the FIFO is
read. If programmed as FIFO full, it is set when a character is
transferred from the receive holding register to the receive FIFO and
the transfer causes the FIFO to become full, i.e., all three FIFO
positions are occupied. It is reset when FIFO is read and there is no
character in the receiver shift register. If there is a character waiting
in the receive shift register because the FIFO is full, the bit is set
again when the waiting character is transferred into the FIFO.
In the counter mode, the current value of the upper and lower eight
bits of the counter (CTU, CTL) may be read by the CPU. It is
recommended that the counter be stopped when reading to prevent
potential problems which may occur if a carry from the lower eight
bits to the upper eight bits occurs between the times that both
halves of the counter is read. However, note that a subsequent start
counter command will cause the counter to begin a new count cycle
using the values in CTPU and CTPL.
ISR[0] – Transmitter Ready Channel a
This bit is a duplicate of TxRDY (SR[2]).
IMR – Interrupt Mask Register
The programming of this register selects which bits in the ISR cause
an interrupt output. If a bit in the ISR is a ‘1’ and the corresponding
2000 Jan 31
SCC2698B
18
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS1, 2, 3 TA = 0 to +70_, VCC = 5.0 V " 10%, –40 to 85_C
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
VIL
VIH
VIH
Input low voltage
Input high voltage (except X1/CLK)
Input high voltage (X1/CLK)
VOL
VOH
Output Low voltage
Output High voltage (except OD outputs)
IIL
IIH
Input current Low, MPI and MPP pins
Input current High, MPI and MPP pins
II
Input leakage current
IILX1
IIHX1
X1/CLK input Low current
X1/CLK input High current
IOZH
IOZL
Output off current High, 3-State data bus
Output off current Low, 3-State data bus
VIN = VCC
VIN = 0
IODL
IODH
Open-drain output Low current in off state: IRQN
Open-drain output Low current in off state: IRQN
VIN = VCC
VIN = 0
ICC
LIMITS
Min
Typ
Max
0.8
V
V
V
0.4
V
V
V
2.0
0.8VCC
IOL = 2.4mA
IOH = –400µA
IOH = –100µA
0.8VCC
0.9VCC
VIN = 0
VIN = VCC
–50
VIN = 0 to VCC
–10
VIN = GND, X2 = open
VIN = VCC, X2 = open
–100
Power supply current
Operating mode
Power down mode9
–10
UNIT
20
µA
µA
10
µA
100
µA
µA
10
–10
µA
10
µA
30
mA
2.0
mA
NOTES:
1. Parameters are valid over specified temperature range. See ordering information table for applicable temperature range and operating
supply range.
2. All voltage measurements are referenced to ground (GND). For testing, all inputs swing between 0.4V and 2.4V with a transition time of 20ns
maximum. For X1/CLK this swing is between 0.4V and 4.4V. All time measurements are referenced at input voltages of VIL and VIH, as
appropriate.
3. Typical values are at +25°C, typical supply voltages, and typical processing parameters.
4. Test condition for interrupt and MPP outputs: CL = 50pF, RL = 2.7kΩ to VCC. Test conditions for rest of outputs: CL = 150pF.
5. Timing is illustrated and referenced to the WRN and RDN inputs. The device may also be operated with CEN as the ‘strobing’ input. CEN
and RDN (also CEN and WRN) are ANDed internally. As a consequence, the signal asserted last initiates the cycle and the signal negated
first terminates the cycle.
6. If CEN is used as the ‘strobing’ input, the parameter defines the minimum high times between one CEN and the next. The RDN signal must
be negated for tRWD guarantee that any status register changes are valid.
7. Consecutive write operations to the command register require at least three edges of the X1 clock between writes.
8. This value is not tested, but is guaranteed by design.
9. See UART applications note for power down currents less than 5µA.
10. Operation to 0MHz is assured by design. Minimum test frequency is 2MHz.
11. Address is latched on leading edge of read or write cycle.
2000 Jan 31
19
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
AC Electrical characteristics1, 2, 3, 4
SYMBOL
SCC2698B
TA = 0 to +70_, VCC = 5.0 V " 10%, –40 to 85_C
FIGURE
LIMITS
PARAMETER
Min
Typ
Max
UNIT
Reset timing
tRES
5
Reset pulse width
200
ns
tHS
6
tAH11
6
A0–A5 setup time to RDN, WRN Low
10
ns
A0–A5 hold time from RDN, WRN Low
100
tCS6
6
ns
CEN setup time to RDN, WRN Low
0
tCH6
ns
6
CEN hold time from RDN, WRN High
0
ns
tRW
6
WRN, RDN pulse width Low
tDD
6
Data valid after RDN Low
200
ns
tDF
6
Data bus floating after RDN High
80
ns
tDS
6
Data setup time before WRN High
100
ns
tDH
6
Data hold time after WRN High
10
ns
Time between reads and/or writes
100
ns
Bus
timing5
tRWD7
225
ns
MPI and MPO timing5
tPS
7
MPI or MPP input setup time before RDN Low
0
ns
tPH
7
MPI or MPP input hold time after RDN High
0
ns
tPD
7
MPO output valid from
WRN High
RDN Low
250
250
ns
ns
INTRN negated or MPP output High from:
Read RHR (RxRDY/FFULL interrupt)
Write THR (TxRDY interrupt)
Reset command (break change interrupt)
Reset command (MPI change interrupt)
Stop C/T command (counter interrupt)
Write IMR (clear of interrupt mask bit)
270
270
270
270
270
270
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
4.0
MHz
4.0
MHz
2.0
1.0
MHz
MHz
2.0
1.0
MHz
MHz
350
ns
150
ns
Interrupt timing
tIR
8
Clock timing
tCLK
9
X1/CLK high or low time
tCLK
9
X1/CLK frequency10
120
tCTC
9
Counter/timer clock high or low time
fCTC
9
Counter/timer clock frequency
tRX
9
RxC high or low time
200
fRX
9
RxC frequency (16X)
RxC frequency (1X)
08
08
tTX
9
TxC high or low time
200
fTX
9
TxC frequency (16X)
TxC frequency (1X)
08
08
0
ns
3.6864
120
08
ns
ns
ns
Transmitter timing
tTXD
10
TxD output delay from TxC low
tTCS
10
TxC output delay from TxD output data
0
Receiver timing
tRXS
11
RxD data setup time to RxC high
50
ns
tRXH
11
RxD data hold time from RxC high
100
ns
2000 Jan 31
20
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
2.7K
INTRAN–INTRDN,
MPP1a–MPP1h,
MPP2a–MPP2h
+5V
60pF
+5V
1.6K
D0–D7,
TxDa–TxDh,
MPOa–MPOh
6K
150pF
SD00187
Figure 4. Test Conditions on Outputs
RESET
tRES
SD00169
Figure 5. Reset Timing
A0–A5
tAS
tAH
CEN
tCS
tCH
tRWD
tRW
RDN
tDD
D0–D7
(READ)
FLOAT
tDF
NOT VALID
VALID
FLOAT
tRWD
WRN
tDS
D0–D7
(WRITE)
tDH
VALID
SD00188
Figure 6. Bus Timing
2000 Jan 31
21
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
RDN
tPS
tPH
MPIx OR
MPPx
WRN
tPD
RDN
tPD
MPOx
OLD DATA
NEW DATA
SD00189
Figure 7. Port Timing
VM
WRN
tIR
VOL +0.5V
INTERRUPT 1
OUTPUT
VOL
RDN
INTERRUPT 1
OUTPUT
tIR
VOL +0.5V
VOL
NOTES:
1. INCLUDES MPP WHEN USED AS TxRDY or RxDY/FFULL OUTPUTS AS WELL AS INTRN.
2. THE TEST FOR OPEN DRAIN OUTPUTS IS INTENDED TO GUARANTEE SWITCHING OF THE OUTPUT TRANSISTOR. MEASUREMENT OF THIS RESPONSE IS
REFERENCED FROM THE MIDPOINT OF THE SWITCHING SIGNAL, VM, TO A POINT 0.5V ABOVE VOL. THIS POINT REPRESENTS NOISE MARGIN THAT ASSURES TRUE SWITCHING HAS OCCURRED. BEYOND THIS LEVEL, THE EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL CIRCUITRY AND TEST ENVIRONMENT ARE PRONOUNCED
AND CAN GREATLY AFFECT THE RESULTANT MEASUREMENT.
SD00190
Figure 8. Interrupt Timing
2000 Jan 31
22
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
tCLK
tCTC
tRx
tTx
+5V
R1
1K
X1/CLK
CTCLK
RxC
TxC
X1
U1
RESISTOR REQUIRED
WHEN U1 IS A TTL DEVICE
tCLK
tCTC
tRx
tTx
X2
NC
SCC2698B
C1 = C2 = 24pF FOR CL = 20PF
X1
3pF
50 TO
150 KΩ
X2
TO INTERNAL CLOCK DRIVERS
3.6864MHz
4pF
NOTE:
C1 AND C2 SHOULD BE BASED ON MANUFACTURER’S SPECIFICATION. PARASITIC CAPACITANCE SHOULD
BE INCLUDED WITH C1 AND C2. R1 IS ONLY REQUIRED IF U1 WILL NOT DRIVE TO X1 INPUT LEVELS
TYPICAL CRYSTAL SPECIFICATION
FREQUENCY:
2 – 4MHZ
LOAD CAPACITANCE (CL):
12 – 32pF
TYPE OF OPERATION:
PARALLEL RESONANT, FUNDAMENTAL MODE
SD00137
Figure 9. Clock Timing
1 BIT TIME
(1 OR 16 CLOCKS)
TxC
(INPUT)
tTXD
TxD
tTCS
TxC
(1X OUTPUT)
SD00146
Figure 10. Transmit Timing
2000 Jan 31
23
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
RxC
(1X INPUT)
tRXS
tRXH
RxD
SD00192
Figure 11. Receive Timing
TxD
D1
D2
D2
D3
D3
BREAK
D4
D6
TRANSMITTER
ENABLED
TxRDY
(SR2)
WRN
D1
START
BREAK
D4
STOP
BREAK
D5 WILL
NOT BE
TRANSMITTED
D6
CTSN1
(MPI)
RTSN2
(MPO)
CR[7:4] = 1010
CR[7:4] = 1010
NOTES:
1. TIMING SHOWN FOR MR2[4] = 1.
2. TIMING SHOWN FOR MR2[5] = 1.
SD00128
Figure 12. Transmitter Timing
2000 Jan 31
24
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
RxD
D1
D2
D3
SCC2698B
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
RECEIVER
ENABLED
RxRDY
(SR0)
D2
FFULL
(SR1)
RxRDY/
FFULL
MPO2
RDN
S
S = STATUS
D = DATA
D
S
D5 WILL
BE LOST
D1
OVERRRUN
(SR4)
D
D2
S
S
D
D3
D
D4
RESET BY
COMMAND
RTS1
MPO
MPO = 1 (CR[7:4] = 1010)
NOTES;
1. Timing shown for MR1[7].
2. Shown for ACR[2:] = 111 and MR1[6] = 0.
SD00129
Figure 13. Receiver Timing
MASTER STATION
BIT 9
ADD#1
TxD
BIT 9
1
D0
BIT 9
0
ADD#2
1
TRANSMITTER
ENABLED
TxRDY
(SR2)
CSN
(WRITE]
MR1[2] = 1 ADD#2
MR1[4:3] = 11 ADD#1 MR1[2] = 0 D0
MR1[2] = 1
PERIPHERAL STATION
BIT 9
RxD
0
BIT 9
ADD#1
BIT 9
1
D0
0
ADD#2
BIT 9
BIT 9
1
0
RECEIVER
ENABLED
RxRDY
(SR0)
RDN/WRN
MR1[4:3] = 11
S
ADD#1
D
D0
S = STATUS
D = DATA
S
D
ADD#2
SD00130
Figure 14. Wake-Up Mode
2000 Jan 31
25
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
Table 5. Baud Rates Extended
Normal BRG
CSR[7:4]
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
ACR[7] = 0
50
110
134.5
200
300
600
1,200
1,050
2,400
4,800
7,200
9,600
38.4K
Timer
I/O2 – 16X
I/O2 – 1X
BRG Test
ACR[7] = 1
75
110
38.4K
150
300
600
1,200
2,000
2,400
4,800
1,800
9,600
19.2K
Timer
I/O2 – 16X
I/O2 – 1X
ACR[7] = 0
4,800
880
1,076
19.2K
28.8K
57.6K
115.2K
1,050
57.6K
4,800
57.6K
9,600
38.4K
Timer
I/O2 – 16X
I/O2 – 1X
ACR[7] = 1
7,200
880
38.4K
14.4K
28.8K
57.6K
115.2K
2,000
57.6K
4,800
14.4K
9,600
19.2K
Timer
I/O2 – 16X
I/O2 – 1X
NOTE:
Each read on address H‘2’ will toggle the baud rate test mode. When in the BRG test mode, the baud rates change as shown to the left. This
change affects all receivers and transmitters on the DUART.
The test mode at address H‘A’ changes all transmitters and receivers to the 1x mode and connects the output ports to some internal nodes.
A condition that occurs infrequently has been observed where the receiver will ignore all data. It is caused by a corruption of the start bit
generally due to noise. When this occurs the receiver will appear to be asleep or locked up. The receiver must be reset for the UART to
continue to function properly.
Reset in the Normal Mode (Receiver Enabled)
Recovery can be accomplished easily by issuing a receiver software reset followed by a receiver enable. All receiver data, status and
programming will be preserved and available before reset. The reset will NOT affect the programming.
Reset in the Wake-Up Mode (MR1[4:3] = 11)
Recovery can also be accomplished easily by first exiting the wake-up mode (MR1[4:3] = 00 or 01 or 10), then issuing a receiver software
reset followed by a wake-up re-entry (MR1[4:3] = 11). All receiver data, status and programming will be preserved and available before
reset. The reset will NOT affect the programming.
The receiver has a digital filter designed to reject “noisy” data transitions and the receiver state machine was designed to reject noisy start
bits or noise that might be considered a start bit. In spite of these precautions, corruption of the start bit can occur in 15ns window
approximately 100ns prior to the rising edge of the data clock. The probability of this occurring is less than 10–5 at 9600 baud.
A corrupted start bit may have some deleterious effects in ASYNC operation if it occurs within a normal data block. The receiver will tend
to align its data clock to the next ‘0’ bit in the data stream, thus potentially corrupting the remainder of the data block. A good design
practice, in environments where start bit corruption is possible, is to monitor data quality (framing error, parity error, break change and
received break) and “data stopped” time out periods. Time out periods can be enabled using the counter/timer in the SCC2691, SCC2692,
SCC2698B and SC68692 products. This monitoring can indicate a potential start bit corruption problem.
SD00097
2000 Jan 31
26
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
PLCC84: plastic leaded chip carrier; 84 leads; pedestal
2000 Jan 31
27
SCC2698B
SOT189-3
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
NOTES
2000 Jan 31
28
SCC2698B
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Enhanced octal universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (Octal UART)
SCC2698B
Data sheet status
Data sheet
status
Product
status
Definition [1]
Objective
specification
Development
This data sheet contains the design target or goal specifications for product development.
Specification may change in any manner without notice.
Preliminary
specification
Qualification
This data sheet contains preliminary data, and supplementary data will be published at a later date.
Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make chages at any time without notice in order to
improve design and supply the best possible product.
Product
specification
Production
This data sheet contains final specifications. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make
changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product.
[1] Please consult the most recently issued datasheet before initiating or completing a design.
Definitions
Short-form specification — The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For
detailed information see the relevant data sheet or data handbook.
Limiting values definition — Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one
or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or
at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended
periods may affect device reliability.
Application information — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips
Semiconductors make no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or
modification.
Disclaimers
Life support — These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of these products can
reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications
do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application.
Right to make changes — Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes, without notice, in the products, including circuits, standard
cells, and/or software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Philips Semiconductors assumes no
responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these
products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless
otherwise specified.
 Copyright Philips Electronics North America Corporation 2000
All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
Philips Semiconductors
811 East Arques Avenue
P.O. Box 3409
Sunnyvale, California 94088–3409
Telephone 800-234-7381
Date of release: 01-00
Document order number:
2000 Jan 31
29
9397 750 06828