ATMEL T85C5121

Features
• 80C51 Core
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
– 12 or 6 Clocks per Instruction (X1 and X2 Modes)
– 256 Bytes Scratchpad RAM
– Dual Data Pointer
– Two 16-bit Timer/Counters: T0 and T1
T83C5121 with 16 Kbytes Mask ROM
T85C5121 with 16 Kbytes Code RAM
T89C5121 with 16 Kbytes Code RAM and 16 Kbytes EEPROM
On-chip Expanded RAM (XRAM): 256 Bytes
Versatile Host Serial Interface
– Full-duplex Enhanced UART (EUART) with Dedicated Baud Rate Generator (BRG):
Most Standard Speeds up to 230K bits/s at 7.36 MHz
– Output Enable Input
– Multiple Logic Level Shifters Options (1.8V to V CC)
– Automatic Level Shifter Option
Multi-protocol Smart Card Interface
– Certified with Dedicated Firmware According to ISO 7816, EMV2000, GIE-CB, GSM
11.12V and WHQL Standards
– Asynchronous Protocols T = 0 and T = 1 with Direct and Inverse Modes
– Baud Rate Generator Supporting All ISO7816 Speeds up to D = 32/F = 372
– Parity Error Detection and Indication
– Automatic Character Repetition on Parity Errors
– Programmable Timeout Detection
– Card Clock Stop High or Low for Card Power-down Mode
– Support Synchronous Card with C4 and C8 Programmable Outputs
– Card Detection and Automatic De-activation Sequence
– Step-up/down Converter with Programmable Voltage Output: 5V, 3V (± 8% at
60 mA) and 1.8V (±8% at 20 mA)
– Direct Connection to Smart Card Terminals:
Short Circuit Current Limitation
Logic Level Shifters
4 kV ESD Protection (MIL/STD 833 Class 3)
Alternate Card Support with CLK, I/O and RST According to GSM 11.12V Standard
2x I/O Ports: 6 I/O Port1 and 8 I/O Port3
2x LED Outputs with Programmable Current Sources: 2, 4, or 10 mA
Hardware Watchdog
Reset Output Includes
– Hardware Watchdog Reset
– Power-on Reset (POR)
– Power-fail Detector (PFD)
4-level Priority Interrupt System with 7 Sources
7.36 to 16 MHz On-chip Oscillator with Clock Prescaler
Absolute CPU Maximal Frequency: 16 MHz in X1 mode, 8MHz in X2 mode
Idle and Power-down Modes
Voltage Operation: 2.85V to 5.4V
Low Power Consumption
– 8 mA Operating Current (at 5.4V and 3.68 MHz)
– 150 mA Maximum Current with Smart Card Power-on (at 16 MHz X1 Mode)
– 30 μA Maximum Power-down Current at 3.0V (without Smart Card)
– 100 μA Maximum Power-down Current at 5.4V (without Smart Card)
Temperature Range
– Commercial: 0 to +70°C Operating Temperature
– Industrial: -40 to +85°C Operating Temperature
Packages
– SSOP24
– QFN32
– PLCC52
8-bit
Microcontroller
with Multiprotocol Smart
Card Interface
T83C5121
T85C5121
T89C5121
AT83C5121
AT85C5121
AT89C5121
Rev. 4164G–SCR–07/06
Description
T8xC5121 is a high performance CMOS ROM/CRAM derivative of the 80C51 CMOS
single chip 8-bit microcontrollers.
T8xC5121 retains the features of the Atmel 80C51 with extended ROM capacity (16
Kbytes), 512 bytes of internal RAM, a 4-level interrupt system, two 16-bit timer/counters
(T0/T1), a full duplex enhanced UART (EUART) with baud rate generator (BRG) and an
on-chip oscillator.
In addition, the T8xC5121 have, a Multi protocol Smart Card Interface, a dual data
pointer, 2 programmable LED current sources (2-4-10 mA) and a hardware Watchdog.
T89C5121 Flash RAM version and T85C5121 Code RAM version can be loaded by InSystem Programming (ISP) software residing in the on-chip ROM from a low-cost external serial EEPROM or from R232 interface.
T8xC5121 have 2 software-selectable modes of reduced activity for further reduction in
power consumption.
Block Diagram
LI
CVSS
VCC
VSS
DVCC
EVCC
TxD
RxD
Figure 1. Block Diagram
(2) (2)
XTAL1
(3)
Xtal
Osc
XTAL2
EUART
BRG
:1-16
Clock
Prescaler
RAM
256 x8
C51
CORE
ROM
16K x8
CRAM
16K x8
DC/DC
XRAM
256
x8
Voltage
Reg.
Converter
Level
Shifters
IB-bus
CPU
SCIB
X2
1.
2.
3.
4.
6 I/Os
Watchdog
POR
PFD
8 I/Os
Parallel I/O Ports
Direct
Drive
LED
Output
Alternate
Card
(1)
CC4
(1)
CC8
(1)
CIO
(1)
CRST
(1) CCLK
(1)
CPRES
(2)
CIO1
(2)
CRST1
(2)
CCLK1
LED1
LED0
P3
P1
(2) (2)
RST
INT1
(2) (2)
T1
(2) (2)
INT0
INT
Ctrl
T0
P2
Notes:
2
Timer 0
Timer 1
(4)
P0
EA
PSEN
ALE
CV CC
(1):
Alternate function of Port 1
Alternate function of Port 3
Only for the Code RAM version
Only for PLCC52
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Pin Description
Figure 2. 24-pin SSOP Pinout
CVSS
1
24
VCC
LI
2
EV CC
CVCC
3
4
23
22
P1.5/CRST
P1.4/CCLK
21
20
19
18
5
DVCC
VSS
P3.0/RxD
P1.3/CC4
6
P1.2/CPRES
P1.1/CC8
P1.0/CIO
RST
7
8
17
P3.3/INT1/OE
P3.4/T0
9
16
P3.2/INT0
10
15
14
P3.5/CIO1/T1
13
P3.7/CRST1/LED1
XTAL2
11
12
XTAL1
P3.1/TxD
P3.6/CCLK1/LED0
N/C
Vcc
EVcc
DVcc
CVss
N/C
N/C
LI
Figure 3. QFN32 Pinout
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25
CVcc
P1.5/CRST
P1.4/CCLK
P1.3/CC4
P1.2/CPRES
P1.1/CC8
P1.0/CIO
RST
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
QFN32
Vss
Vss
P3.0/RxD
P3.1/TxD
P3.3/INT1/OE
P3.4/T0
P3.2/INT0
P3.5/CIO1/T1
N/C
P3.7/CRST1/LED1
P3.6/CCLK1/LED0
N/C
XTAL1
N/C
XTAL2
N/C
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
3
4164G–SCR–07/06
7
NC
NC
NC
NC
EVCC
NC
CVSS
VCC
LI
NC
NC
CVCC
P1.5/CRST
Figure 4. PLCC52 Pinout
6 5 4 3 2 1 52 51 50 49 48 47
8
9
46
45
10
44
11
43
P2.7/A15
12
13
P2.6/A14
14
42
41
40
P2.5/A13
15
16
39
38
P0.3/AD3
P0.6/AD6
17
37
P3.3/INT1/OE
18
36
P3.4/T0
19
20
35
P3.2/INT0
P3.5/CIO1/T1
P1.4/CCLK
P1.3/CC4
EA
PSEN
ALE
P1.2/CPRES
P1.1/CC8
P1.0/CIO
P2.4/A12
RST
34
DV CC
VSS
P3.0/RxD
P3.1/TxD
P0.0/AD0
P0.1/AD1
P0.2/AD2
4
P0.4/AD4
P3.6/CCLK1/LED0
P3.7/CRST1/LED1
P0.7/AD7
P2.0/A8
VSS
P2.3/A11
P2.2/A10
P2.1/A9
VCC
XTAL1
XTAL2
P0.5/AD5
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Signals
All the T8xC5121 signals are detailed in Table 1.
The port structure is described in Section “Port Structure Description”.
Table 1. Ports Description
Internal
Port
Signal
Name
P1.0
CIO
Power
Alternate
Supply
ESD
Type
CVCC
4 kV
I/O
I/O
I
P1.1
CC8
CVCC
4 kV
O
O
I
P1.2
CPRES
VCC
4 kV
I
Description
Smart card interface function
Card I/O.
Input/Output function
P1.0 is a bi-directional I/O port .
Reset configuration
Input .
Smart card interface function
Card contact 8
Output function
P1.1 is a Push-pull port.
Reset configuration
Input
Smart card interface function
Card presence
Input/Output function
I/O
I
P1.3
CC4
CVCC
4 kV
O
O
I
P1.4
CCLK
CVCC
4 kV
O
I/O
O
P1.5
CRST
CVCC
4 kV
O
I/O
O
P1.2 is a bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups- ( External Pull-up
configuration can be selected).
Reset configuration
Input (high level due to internal pull-up)
Smart card interface function
Card contact 4
Output function
P1.3 is a Push-pull port.
Reset configuration
Input (high level due to internal pull-up)
Smart card interface function
Card clock
Input/Output function
P1.4 is a a Push-pull port.
Reset configuration
Output at low level
Smart card interface function
Card reset
Input/Output function
P1.5 is a a Push-pull port.
Reset configuration
Output at low level
5
4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 1. Ports Description (Continued)
Internal
Port
Signal
Name
P3.0
RxD
Power
Alternate
Supply
EVCC
ESD
Type
I
I/O
I
Description
UART function
Receive data input
Input/Output function
P3.0 is a bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups.
Reset configuration
Input (high level)
UART function
P3.1
TxD
EVCC
O
Transmit data output
OE active at low or high level depending of PMSOEN bits in SIOCON Reg.
I/O
Z
Input/Output function
P3.1 is a bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups.
Reset configuration
High impedance due to PMOS switched OFF
External interrupt 0
P3.2
INT0
DVCC
I
I/O
INT0 input set IE0 in the TCON register. If bit IT0 in this register is set, bits IE0
are set by a falling edge on INT0. If bit IT0 is cleared, bits IE0 is set by a low
level on INT0.
Input/Output function
P3.2 is a bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups.
Timer 0: Gate input
I
INT0 serves as external run control for Timer 0 when
selected in TCON register.
I
Reset configuration
Input (high level)
External Interrupt 1
P3.3
INT1
OE
EVCC
I
INT1 input set OEIT in ISEL Register, IE1 in the TCON register.
If bit IT1 in this register is set, bits OEIT and IE1 are set by a falling edge on
INT1. If bit IT1 is cleared, bits OEIT and IE1 is set by a low level on INT1
UART function
I
Output enable. A low or high level (depending OELEV bit in
ISEL Register) on this pin disables the PMOS transistors of TxD
(P3.1) and T0 (P3.4). This function can be disabled by software
I/O
Input/Output function
P3.3 is a bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups.
Timer 1 function: Gate input
I
INT1 serves as external run control for Timer 1 when
selected in TCON register.
I
Reset configuration
Input (high level)
UART function
P3.4
T0
EVCC
O
OE active at low or high level depending of PMSOEN
bits in SIOCON Reg.
6
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Table 1. Ports Description (Continued)
Internal
Port
Signal
Name
Power
Alternate
Supply
ESD
Type
I/O
Description
Input/Output function
P3.4 is a bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups.
Timer 0 function: External clock input
I
When Timer 0 operates as a counter, a falling edge on the T0 pin
increments the count.
Z
P3.5
CIO1
DVCC
I/O
I/O
Reset configuration
High impedance due to PMOS switched OFF
Alternate card function
Card I/O
Input/Output function
P3.5 is a bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups.
Timer 1 function: External clock input
I
When Timer 1 operates as a counter, a falling edge on the T1 pin
increments the count.
I
P3.6
CCLK1
LED0
DVCC
O
Reset configuration
Input (high level due to internal pull-up)
Alternate card function
Card clock
LED function
These pins can be directly connected to the cathode of standard
O
LED without external current limiting resistors. The typical current
of each output can be programmed by software to 2, 4 or 10 mA
(LEDCON register).
I/O
I
P3.7
CRST1
P3.7
CRST1
LED1
DVCC
O
DVCC
O
Input/Output function
P3.6 is a LED port.
Reset configuration
Input at high level
Alternate card function
Card reset
LED function
These pins can be directly connected to the cathode of standard
LED without external current limiting resistors. The typical current
of each output can be programmed by software to 2, 4 or 10 mA
(LEDCON register).
I/O
Input/Output function
P3.7 is a a LED port.
I
Reset configuration
Input at high level
7
4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 1. Ports Description (Continued)
Internal
Port
Signal
Name
Power
Alternate
RST
Supply
VCC
ESD
Type
Description
I/O
Reset input
Holding this pin low for 64 oscillator periods while the oscillator
is running resets the device. The Port pins are driven to their reset
conditions when a voltage lower than VIL is applied, whether or
not the oscillator is running.
This pin has an internal pull-up resistor which allows the device to be reset by
connecting a capacitor between this pin and VSS.This capacitor is optional
thanks to the internal POR which output a Reset as long as Vcc has not
reached the POR threshold level
Asserting RST when the chip is in Idle mode or Power-down mode
returns the chip to normal operation.
The output is active for at least 12 oscillator periods when an internal
reset occurs.
XTAL1
VCC
I
Input to the on-chip inverting oscillator amplifier
To use the internal oscillator, a crystal/resonator circuit is connected
to this pin.
If an external oscillator is used, its output is connected to this pin.
XTAL2
VCC
O
Output of the on-chip inverting oscillator amplifier
To use the internal oscillator, a crystal/resonator circuit is connected
to this pin.
If an external oscillator is used, XTAL2 may be left unconnected.
PWR
VCC
Supply voltage
VCC is used to power the internal voltage regulators and internal I/O’s.
LI
PWR
DC/DC input
LI must be tied to VCC through an external coil (typically 4, 7 μH) and provide
the current for the pump charge of the DC/DC converter.
CVCC
PWR
Card Supply voltage
CVCC is the programmable voltage output for the Card interface.
It must be connected to an external decoupling capacitor.
DVCC
PWR
Digital Supply voltage
DVCC is used to supply the digital core and internal I/Os. It is
internally connected to the output of a 3V regulator and must be connected to
an external decoupling capacitor.
EVCC
VCC
PWR
Extra supply voltage
EVCC is used to supply the level shifters of UART interface I/O
pins. It must be connected to an external decoupling capacitor.
This reference voltage is generated internally (automatically or not),
or it can be connected to an external voltage reference.
CVSS
GND
DC/DC ground
CVSS is used to sink high shunt currents from the external coil.
VSS
8
GND
Ground
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Table 1. Ports Description (Continued)
Internal
Port
Signal
Name
Power
Alternate
Supply
ESD
Type
Description
ONLY FOR PLCC52 version
P0[7:0]
AD[7:0]
VCC
I/O
Input/Output function Port 0
P0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port. Port 0 pins that
have 1s written to them float and can be used as high impedance
inputs. To avoid any parasitic current consumption, Floating P0
inputs must be pulled to VCC or VSS.
I/O
Address/Data low
Mutiplexed Address/Data LSB for external access
P2[7:0]
A[15:8]
VCC
I/O
Input/Output function Port 2
P2 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups
O
Address high
Address Bus MSB for external access
P3.6
WR
DVCC
O
Write signal
Write signal asserted during external data memory write operation
P3.7
RD
DVCC
I
Read signal
Read signal asserted during external data memory read operation
ALE
VCC
O
Address latch enable output
The falling edge of ALE strobes the address into external latch
PSEN
PSEN
VCC
O
Program strobe enable
EA
EA
VCC
I
External access enable
This pin must be held low to force the device to fetch code from
external program memory starting at address 0000h. It is latched
during reset and cannot be dynamically changed during operation.
9
4164G–SCR–07/06
Port Structure
Description
The different ports structures are described as follows.
Quasi Bi-directional Output
Configuration
The default port output configuration for standard I/O ports is the quasi bi-directional output that is common on the 80C51 and most of its derivatives. This output type can be
used as both an input and output without the need to reconfigure the port. This is possible because when the port outputs a logic high, it is weakly driven, allowing an external
device to pull the pin low. When the port outputs a logic low state, it is driven strongly
and able to sink a fairly large current. These features are somewhat similar to an open
drain output except that there are three pull-up transistors in the quasi bi-directional output that serve different purposes. One of these pull-ups, called the weak pull-up, is
turned on whenever the port latch for the pin contains a logic 1. The weak pull-up
sources a very small current that will pull the pin high if it is left floating. A second pullup, called the medium pull-up, is turned on when the port latch for the pin contains a
logic 1 and the pin itself is also at a logic 1 level. This pull-up provides the primary
source current for a quasi bi-directional pin that is outputting a 1. If a pin that has a logic
1 on it is pulled low by an external device, the medium pull-up turns off, and only the
weak pull-up remains on. In order to pull the pin low under these conditions, the external
device has to sink enough current to overpower the medium pull-up and take the voltage
on the port pin below its input threshold.
Figure 5. Quasi Bi-directional Output Configuration
P
2 CPU
CLOCK DELAY
P
Strong
Weak
P
Medium
PMOS
Pin
Port latch
Data
N
NMOS
Input
Data
Push-pull Output
Configuration
10
The Push-pull output configuration has the same pull-down structure as the quasi bidirectional output modes, but provides a continuous strong pull-up when the port latch
contains a logic 1. The Push-pull mode may be used when more source current is
needed from a port output. The Push-pull port configuration is shown in Figure 5.
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Figure 6. Push-pull Output Configuration
P
Strong
PMOS
Pin
Port latch
Data
N
NMOS
Input
Data
LED Output Configuration
The input only configuration is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7. LED Source Current Configuration
P
P
2 CPU
CLOCK DELAY
PMOS
Strong
P
Weak
Medium
Pin
NMOS
LEDx.0
LED1CTRL
Port Latch
Data
LEDx.1
LED2CTRL
N
N
N
Input
Data
Note:
The port can be configured in quasi bi-directional mode and the level of current can be programmed by means of LEDCON0
and LEDCON1 registers before switching the led on by writing a logical 0 in Port latch.
11
4164G–SCR–07/06
SFR Mapping
12
The Special Function Registers (SFR) of the T8xC5121 belongs to the following
categories:
•
C51 core registers: ACC, B, DPH, DPL, PSW, SP
•
I/O port registers: P0, P1, P2, P3
•
Timer 0 registers: TCON, TH0, TH1, TMOD, TL0, TL1
•
Serial I/O port registers: SADDR, SADEN, SBUF, SCON, BRL, BDRCON
•
Power and clock control registers: PCON, CKRL, CKCON0, CKCON1, DCCKPS
•
Interrupt system registers: IE0, IPL0, IPH0, IE1,IPL1, IPH1, ISEL
•
Watchdog Timer 0: WDTRST, WDTPRG
•
Others: AUXR, AUXR1, RCON
•
Smart Card Interface: SCSR, SCCON/SCETU0, SCISR/SCETU1, SCIER/SCIIR,
SCTBUF/SCRBUF, SCGT0/SCWT0, SCGT1/SCWT1, SCICR/SCWT2
•
Port configuration: SIOCON, LEDCON
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Table 2. SFR Addresses and Reset Values
0/8
1/9
2/A
3/B
4/C
5/D
6/E
7/F
F8h
F0h
FFh
B
0000 0000
F7h
LEDCON
XXXX 0000
E8h
E0h
EFh
ACC
0000 0000
E7h
DFh
D8h
D0h
PSW
0000 0000
D7h
RCON
XXXX OXXX
C8h
CFh
C0h
C7h
B8h
IPL0
XXX0 0000
SADEN
0000 0000
P3
1111 1111
IE1
XXXX 0XXX
DCCKPS
XXXX XX11
ISEL
0000 0100
B0h
0
A8h
IE0
0XX0 0000
SADDR
0000 0000
IPL1
XXXX 0XXX
SCTBUF*
0000 0000
SCWT0 *
1000 0000
0
1
SCGT0 *
0000 1100
0
IPH1
XXXX 0XXX
SCSR
XXX0 1000
SCRBUF
0000 000
1
SCWT1 *
0010 0101
0
1
SCGT1*
0000 0000
1
SCICR *
0000 0000
SCCON *
0X000
0
SCISR*
10X0 0000
0
SCIIR*
0X00 0000
SCETU0
0111 0100
1
SCETU1
0XXX
1
AUXR1
XXX XXX0
P2
1111 1111
98h
SCON
XXX0 0000
SBUF
XXXX XXXX
90h
P1
XX11 1111
SIOCON
00XX 0000
88h
TCON
0000 0000
TMOD
0000 0000
TL0
0000 0000
TL1
0000 0000
TH0
0000 0000
80h
P0
1111 1111
SP
0000 0111
DPL
0000 0000
DPH
0000 0000
20
0/8
1/9
2/A
3/B
4/C
B7h
IPH0
XXX0 0000
AFh
CKCON1
XXXX 0XXX
SCIER *
0X00 0000
WDTRST
XXXX XXXX
A0h
BRL
0000 0000
SCWT2 *
0000 0000
BFh
WDTPRG
XXXX X0000
BDRCON
XXX0 0000
A7h
9Fh
TH1
0000 0000
5/D
AUXR
00XX XX00
CKRL
XXXX 111X
97h
CKCON0
X0X0 X000
8Fh
PCON
00XX XX00
87h
6/E
7/F
Reserved
SCRS Bit (SCSR.0)
(*)
0
SFR value
1
SFR value
13
4164G–SCR–07/06
PowerMonitor
The PowerMonitor function supervises the evolution of the voltages feeding the microcontroller, and if needed, suspends its activity when the detected value is out of
specification.
It is guaranteed to start up properly when T8xC5121 is powered up and prevents code
execution errors when the power supply becomes lower than the functional threshold.
This section describes the functions of the PowerMonitor.
Description
In order to start up and to properly maintain the microcontroller operation, VDD has to be
stabilized in the VDD operating range and the oscillator has to be stabilised with a nominal amplitude compatible with logic threshold.
This control is carried out during three phases which are the power-up, normal operation
and stop. It complies with the following requirements:
•
It guarantees an operational Reset when the microcontroller is powered
•
and a protection if the power supply goes out from the functional range of the
microcontroller.
Figure 8. PowerMonitor Block Diagram
DC to DC
External
Power Supply
CVCC
VDD
3V Regulator
Power-up
Detector
PowerMonitor Diagram
Power-fail
Detector
DVCC
Internal RESET
The target of the PowerMonitor is to survey the power supply in order to detect any voltage drops which are not in the target specification. This PowerMonitor block checks two
kind of situations that occur:
•
During the power-up condition, when VDD is reaching the product specification
•
During a steady-state condition, when VDD is stable but disturbed by any
undesirable voltage drops.
Figure 9 shows some configurations that can be met by the PowerMonitor.
14
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Figure 9. Power-Up and Steady-state Conditions Monitored
DVCC
VPFDP
VPFDM
tG
Steady-state Condition
Power-down
Power-up
trise
tfall
Reset
VCC
Such device when it is integrated in a microcontroller, forces the CPU in reset mode
when VDD reaches a voltage condition which is out of the specification.
The thresholds and their functions are:
•
VPFDP: the output voltage of the regulator has reached a minimum functional value
at the power-up. The circuit leaves the RESET mode.
•
VPFDM: the output voltage of the regulator has reached a low threshold functional
value for the microcontroller. An internal RESET is set.
Glitch filtering prevents the system from RESET when short duration glitches are carried
on VDD power supply.
The electrical parameters VPFDP, VPFDM, trise, tfall, tG are specified in the DCparameters
section.
15
4164G–SCR–07/06
Power Monitoring
and Clock
Management
Idle Mode
For applications where power consumption is a critical factor, three power modes are
provided:
•
Idle mode
•
Power-down mode
•
Clock Management (X2 feature and Clock Prescaler)
•
3V Regulator Modes (pulsed or not pulsed)
An instruction that sets PCON.0 causes the last instruction to be executed before going
into the Idle mode. In the Idle mode, the internal clock signal is gated off to the CPU, but
not to the interrupt, Timer 0, and Serial Port functions. The CPU status is preserved in
its entirety: the Stack Pointer, Program Counter, Program Status Word, Accumulator
and all other registers maintain their data during Idle. The port pins hold the logical
states they had at the time Idle was activated. ALE and PSEN hold at logic high levels.
There are two ways to terminate the Idle. Activation of any enabled interrupt will cause
PCON.0 to be cleared by hardware, terminating the Idle mode. The interrupt will be serviced, and following RETI the next instruction to be executed will be the one following
the instruction that put the device into idle.
The flag bit GF0 can be used to give an indication if an interrupt occurred during normal
operation or during an Idle. For example, an instruction that activates Idle can also set
one or both flag bits. When Idle is terminated by an interrupt, the interrupt service routine can examine the flag bits.
The other way of terminating the Idle mode is with a hardware reset. Since the clock
oscillator is still running, the hardware reset needs to be held active for only two
machine cycles (24 oscillator periods) to complete the reset.
Power-down Mode
Entering Power-down Mode
To save maximum power, a Power-down mode can be invoked by software (refer to
Table 3, PCON register).
In Power-down mode, the oscillator is stopped and the instruction that invoked Powerdown mode is the last instruction executed. The internal RAM and SFRs retain their
value until the Power-down mode is terminated. VCC can be lowered to save further
power. Either a hardware reset or an external interrupt can cause an exit from Powerdown. To properly terminate Power-down, the reset or external interrupt should not be
executed before VCC is restored to its normal operating level and must be held active
long enough for the oscillator to restart and stabilize.
Only external interrupts INT0 and INT1 are useful to exit from Power-down. For that,
interrupt must be enabled and configured as level or edge sensitive interrupt input.
Holding the pin low restarts the oscillator but bringing the pin high completes the exit as
detailed in Figure 10. When both interrupts are enabled, the oscillator restarts as soon
as one of the two inputs is held low and Power-Down exit will be completed when the
first input will be released. In this case the higher priority interrupt service routine is
executed.
Once the interrupt is serviced, the next instruction to be executed after RETI will be the
one following the instruction that put it into Power-down mode.
Exit from Power-down Mode
16
Exiting from Power-down by external interrupt does not affect the SFRs and the internal
RAM content.
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A/T8xC5121
The ports status under Power-down is the status which was valid before entering this
mode.
The INT1 interrupt is a multiplexed input (see Interrupt paragraph) with CPRES (Card
detection) and Rxd (UART Rx). So these three inputs can be used to exit from Powerdown mode. The configurations which must be set are detailed below:
•
•
Rxd input:
–
RXEN (ISEL.0) must be set
–
EX1 (IE0.2) must be set
–
A low level detected during more than 100 microseconds exit from Powerdown
CPRES input:
–
PRSEN (ISEL.1) must be set
–
EX1 (IEO.2) must be set
–
EA (IE0.7) must be set
–
In the INT1 interrupt vector, the CPLEV Bit (ISEL.7) must be inverted
and PRESIT Bit (ISEL.5) must be reset.
Figure 10. Power-down Exit Waveform
INT0
INT1
XTAL1
Active phase
Power-down phase
Oscillator restart phase
Active phase
Exiting from Power-down by reset redefines all the SFRs, exiting from Power-down by
external interrupt does no affect the SFRs.
Exiting from Power-down by either reset or external interrupt does not affect the internal
RAM content.
Note:
If idle mode is activated with Power-down mode (IDL and PD bits set), the exit sequence
is unchanged, when execution is vectored to interrupt, PD and IDL bits are cleared and
idle mode is not entered.
SCI Control
Prior to entering Power-down mode, a de-activation of the Smart Card system must be
performed.
LED Control
Prior to entering Power-down mode, if the LED mode output is used, the medium pull-up
must be disconnected by setting the LEDPD bit in the PCON Register (PCON 3).
Low Power Mode
Only in Power-down mode, in order to reduce the power consumption, the user can
choose to select this low-power mode.
The activation reference is the following.
•
First select the Low-power mode by setting the LP bit in the AUXR Register (AUXR.
6)
•
The activation of Power-down can then be done.
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Reduced EMI Mode
The ALE signal is used to demultiplex address and data buses on port 0 when used with
external program or data memory. Nevertheless, during internal code execution, ALE
signal is still generated.
Only in case of PLCC52 version, in order to reduce EMI, ALE signal can be disabled by
setting AO bit.
The AO bit is located in AUXR register at bit location 0 (See Table 4). As soon as AO is
set, ALE is no longer output but remains active during MOVX and MOVC instructions
and external fetches. During ALE disabling, ALE pin is weakly pulled high.
Power Modes Control
Registers
Table 3. PCON Register
PCON (S:87h)
Power Configuration Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SMOD1
SMOD0
-
-
LEDPD
GF0
PD
IDL
Bit
Number
7
6
Bit
Mnemonic Description
SMOD1
Double Baud Rate bit
Set to double the Baud Rate when Timer 1 is used and mode 1, 2 or 3 is selected in
SCON register.
SMOD0
SCON Select bit
When cleared, read/write accesses to SCON.7 are to SM0 bit and read/write
accesses to SCON.6 are to SM1 bit.
When set, read/write accesses to SCON.7 are to FE bit and read/write accesses to
SCON.6 are to OVR bit. SCON is Serial Port Control register.
5
Reserved
4
Reserved
3
LEDPD
LED Control Power-Down Mode bits
When cleaned the I/O pull-up is the standard C51 pull-up control. When set the
medium pull-up is disconnected.
2
GF0
General-purpose flag 0
One use is to indicate wether an interrupt occurred during normal operation or
during Idle mode.
PD
Power-down Mode bit
Cleared by hardware when an interrupt or reset occurs.
Set to activate the Power-down mode.
If IDL and PD are both set, PD takes precedence.
IDL
Idle Mode bit
Cleared by hardware when an interrupt or reset occurs.
Set to activate the Idle mode.
If IDL and PD are both set, PD takes precedence.
1
0
Reset Value = X0XX XX00b
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Table 4. AUXR Register
AUXR (S:8Eh)
Auxiliary Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
LP
-
-
-
-
EXTRAM
AO
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
7
-
6
LP
Description
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Low Power mode selection
Clear to select standard mode
Set to select low consumption mode
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
3
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
2
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
EXTRAM select
1
EXTRAM
(ONLY for PLCC52 version)
Clear to map XRAM datas in internal XRAM memory.
Set to map XRAM datas in external XRAM memory.
ALE Output bit
0
AO
(ONLY for PLCC52 version)
Clear to restore ALE operation during internal fetches.
Set to disable ALE operation during internal fetches.
Reset Value = 00XX XX00b
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 5. IE0 Register
IE0
Interrupt Enable Register (A8h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EA
-
-
ES
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
Description
Enable All interrupt bit
Clear to disable all interrupts.
Set to enable all interrupts.
If EA = 1, each interrupt source is individually enabled or disabled by setting or
clearing its interrupt enable bit.
7
EA
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
ES
3
ET1
2
EX1
1
ET0
0
EX0
Serial port Enable bit
Clear to disable serial port interrupt.
Set to enable serial port interrupt.
Timer 1 overflow interrupt Enable bit
Clear to disable Timer 1 overflow interrupt.
Set to enable Timer 1 overflow interrupt.
External interrupt 1 Enable bit
Clear to disable external interrupt 1.
Set to enable external interrupt 1.
Timer 0 overflow interrupt Enable bit
Clear to disable Timer 0 overflow interrupt.
Set to enable Timer 0 overflow interrupt.
External interrupt 0 Enable bit
Clear to disable external interrupt 0.
Set to enable external interrupt 0.
Reset Value = 0XX0 0000b
20
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Table 6. ISEL Register
ISEL (S:BAh)
Interrupt Enable Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CPLEV
-
RXIT
PRESIT
OELEV
OEEN
RXEN
PRESEN
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
Description
Card presence detection level
7
CPLEV
This bit indicates which CPRES level will bring about an interrupt
Set this bit to indicate that Card Presence IT will appear if CPRES is at high
level.
Clear this bit to indicate that Card Presence IT will appear if CPRES is at low
level.
6
-
5
PRESIT
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Card presence detection interrupt flag
Set by hardware
Must be cleared by software
Received data interrupt flag
4
RXIT
Set by hardware
Must be cleared by software
3
OELEV
OE/INT1 signal active level
Set this bit to indicate that high level is active.
Clear this bit to indicate that low level is active.
OE/INT1 interrupt disable bit
2
OEEN
Clear to disable INT1 interrupt
Set to enable INT1 interrupt
1
PRESEN
0
RXEN
Card presence detection interrupt enable bit
Clear to disable the card presence detection interrupt coming from SCIB.
Set to enable the card presence detection interrupt coming from SCIB.
Received data Interrupt enable bit
Clear to disable the RxD interrupt.
Set to enable the RxD interrupt
Reset Value = 0X00 0000b
21
4164G–SCR–07/06
Clock Management
In order to optimize the power consumption and the execution time needed for a specific
task, an internal prescaler feature and a X2 feature have been implemented between
the oscillator and the CPU.
Functional Block
Diagram
Figure 11. Clock Generation Diagram
1
2(7-CKRL)
XTAL1
FOSC
Osc.
1
0
FCLK_CPU
1
FCLK_Periph
0
2
XTAL2
1
FOSC
x2
2
CKRL = 7
CKRL
X2
CKCON0
If CKRL<>7 then:
F
CLK – CPU
F O SC
1
= ----------------- x ----------------------------------2 ( x2 ) 2 ( 7 – CKRL )
If CKRL = 7 then:
F
22
CLK – CPU
Fosc
= -------------2 x2
CKRL
Prescalor Factor
7
1
6
2
5
4
4
6
3
8
2
10
1
12
0
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A/T8xC5121
X2 Feature
The T8xC5121 core needs only 6 clock periods per machine cycle. This feature called
”X2” provides the following advantages:
•
Divides frequency crystals by 2 (cheaper crystals) while keeping same CPU power.
•
Saves power consumption while keeping same CPU power (oscillator power
saving).
•
Saves power consumption by dynamically dividing the operating frequency by 2 in
operating and idle modes.
•
Increases CPU power by 2 while keeping same crystal frequency.
In order to keep the original C51 compatibility, a divider by 2 is inserted between the
XTAL1 signal and the main clock input of the core (phase generator). This divider may
be disabled by software.
Description
The clock for the whole circuit and peripherals is first divided by two before being used
by the CPU core and the peripherals.
This allows any cyclic ratio to be accepted on XTAL1 input. In X2 mode, as this divider is
bypassed, the signals on XTAL1 must have a cyclic ratio from 40 to 60%.
As shown in Figure 11, X2 bit is validated on the rising edge of the XTAL1÷2 to avoid
glitches when switching from X2 to standard mode. Figure 12 shows the switching mode
waveforms.
Figure 12. Mode Switching Waveforms
XTAL1
XTAL1:2
X2 bit
FOSC
CPU clock
STD Mode
X2 Mode
STD Mode
The X2 bit in the CKCON0 register (see Table 9) allows to switch (if CKRL=7) from 12
clock periods per instruction to 6 clock periods and vice versa.
The T0X2, T1X2, UartX2, and WdX2 bits in the CKCON0 register (see Table 9) and
SCX2 bit in the CKCON1 register (see Table 10) allow to switch from standard peripheral speed (12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle) to fast peripheral speed (6 clock
periods per peripheral clock cycle). These bits are active only in X2 mode.
More information about the X2 mode can be found in the application note "How to Take
Advantage of the X2 Features in TS80C51 Microcontroller?".
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Clock Prescaler
Before supplying the CPU and the peripherals, the main clock is divided by a factor 2 to
30 to reduce the CPU power consumption. This factor is controlled with the CKRL
register.
Table 7. Examples of Factors
XTAL (MHz)
X2 CPU CKCON0
CKRL Value
Prescaler Factor
FCLK_CPU, FCLK_Periph
(MHz)
16
0 (reset mode)
07h
1
8
16
1 (X2 mode)
07h
1
16
16
1
07h
1
16
16
0
07h
1
8
16
0
06h
2
4
16
1
06h
2
8
Clock Control Registers
Clock Prescaler Register
This register is used to reload the clock prescaler of the CPU and peripheral clock.
Table 8. CKRL Register
CKRL - Clock Reload Register (97h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
CKRL
CKRL
CKRL
-
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
7-4
-
Description
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Clock Reload Register
Prescaler value
3-1
CKRL
XXXX 000Xb: CKRL=7 and Division factor equals 14
XXXX 110Xb: CKRL=6 and factor equals 2
XXXX 111Xb: CKRL=7 and division factor equals 1
0
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Reset Value = XXXX 111Xb
24
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A/T8xC5121
Table 9. CKCON0 Register
CKCON0 - Clock Control Register (8Fh)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
WDX2
-
SIX2
-
T1X2
T0X2
X2
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
7
-
Description
Reserved
Watchdog clock
6
WDX2
(This control bit is validated when the CPU clock X2 is set; when X2 is low, this
bit has no effect)
Cleared to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
5
-
Reserved
Enhanced UART clock (Mode 0 and 2)
4
SIX2
(This control bit is validated when the CPU clock X2 is set; when X2 is low, this
bit has no effect)
Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
3
-
Reserved
Timer 1 clock
2
T1X2
(This control bit is validated when the CPU clock X2 is set; when X2 is low, this
bit has no effect)
Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle
Timer 0 clock
1
T0X2
(This control bit is validated when the CPU clock X2 is set; when X2 is low, this
bit has no effect)
Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle
CPU clock
0
X2
Clear to select 12 clock periods per machine cycle (Standard mode) for CPU
and all the peripherals.
Set to select 6 clock periods per machine cycle (X2 mode) and to enable the
individual peripherals "X2" bits.
Reset Value = X0X0 X000b
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 10. CKCON1 Register
CKCON1 - Clock Control Register (AFh)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
SCX2
-
-
-
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
7
-
Reserved
6
-
Reserved
5
-
Reserved
4
-
Reserved
3
SCX2
Description
SCIB clock
Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
2
-
Reserved
1
-
Reserved
0
-
Reserved
Reset Value = XXXX 0XXXb
26
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A/T8xC5121
DC/DC Clock
The DC/DC block needs a clock with a 50% duty cycle. The frequency must also respect
a value between 3.68 MHz and 4 MHz. The first requirement imposes a divider in the
clock path and the second constraint is solved with the use of a prescaler.
Figure 13. Functional Block Diagram
1
FOSC
(2 to 5)
FCLK_DC/DC
FOSC
2 to 5
DCCKPS
Address BFh
Clock Control Register
This register is used to reload the clock prescaler of the DC/DC converter clock.
Table 11. DCCKPS Register
DCCKPS - DC/DC converter Reload Register (BFh)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
DCCKPS
DCCKPS
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
7:2
-
Description
Reserved
Do not use write those bits
Clock Reload Register
Prescaler value
1:0
DCCKPS
00b: Division factor equals 2
01b: division factor equals 3
10b: division factor equals 4
11b: division factor equals 5 (reset value which minimize the consumption)
Reset Value = XXXX XX11b
Clock Prescaler
Before supplying the DC/DC block, the oscillator clock is divided by a factor 2 to 5 to
adapt the clock needed by the DC/DC converter. This factor is controlled with the
DCCKPS register.
The prescaler factor must be chosen to match the requirement range which is 4MHz.
Table 12. Examples of Factors
Prescaler
XTAL (MHz)
DCCKPS Value
Factor
DC/DC Converter CLK (MHz)
8
00h
2
4
12
01h
3
4
14.756
02h
4
3.689
16
02h
4
4
20
03h
5
4
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A/T8xC5121
Smart Card Interface Block (SCIB)
Introduction
The SCIB provides all signals to directly interface a smart card. Compliance with the
ISO7816, EMV’2000, GSM and WHQL standards has been certified.
Both synchronous (e.g. memory card) and asynchronous smart cards (e.g. microprocessor card) are supported. The component supplies the different voltages requested by
the smart card. The power-off sequence is directly managed by the SCIB.
The card presence switch of the smart card connector is used to detect card insertion or
card removal. In case of card removal, the SCIB de-activates the smart card using the
de-activation sequence. An interrupt can be generated when a card is inserted or
removed.
Any malfunction is reported to the microcontroller (interrupt + control register).
The different operating modes are configured by internal registers.
Main Features
•
Support of ISO/IEC7816
•
Character mode
•
1 transmit buffer + 1 receive buffer
•
11 bits ETU counter
•
9 bits guard time counter
•
24 bits waiting time counter
•
Auto-character repetition on error signal detection in transmit mode
•
Auto-error signal generation on parity error detection in receive mode
•
Power-on and power-off sequence generation
•
Manual mode to directly drive the card I/O
29
4164G–SCR–07/06
Block Diagram
The Smart Card Interface Block diagram is shown in Figure 14.
Figure 14. SCIB Block Diagram
Barrel shifter
IO (in)
IO (out)
Clk_iso
CLK
Clk_cpu
Etu counter
Guard time
counter
I/O
mux
Scart
fsm
RST
C4 (out)
Waiting time
counter
C8 (out)
CLK1
C4 (in)
SCI Registers
C8 (in)
INT
Interrupt generator
Power on
Power off
VCARD
fsm
Functional Description
The architecture of the Smart Card Interface Block is detailed below.
Barrel Shifter
It allows the translation between 1 bit serial data and 8 bits parallel data.
The barrel function is useful for character repetition since the character is still present in
the shifter at the end of the character transmission.
This shifter is able to shift the data in both directions and to invert the input or output
value in order to manage both direct and inverse ISO7816-3 convention.
Coupled with the barrel shifter there is a parity checker and generator.
There are 2 registers connected to this barrel shifter, one for the transmission and one
for the reception.
They act as buffers to relieve the CPU of timing constraints.
SCART FSM
(Smart Card Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter Finite State Machine)
This is the core of the design. Its purpose is to control the barrel shifter. To sequence
correctly the barrel shifter for a reception or a transmission, it uses the signals issued by
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A/T8xC5121
the different counters. One of the most important counters is the guard time counter that
gives time slots corresponding to the character frame.
It is enabled only in UART mode.
The transition from the receipt mode to the transmit mode is done automatically. Priority
is given to the transmission.
ETU Counter
The ETU (Elementary Timing Unit) counter controls the working frequency of the barrel
shifter, in fact, it generates the enable signal of the barrel shifter.
It is 11 bits wide and there is a special compensation mode activated with the most significant bit that allows non integer ETU value with a working clock equal to the card
clock .
But the decimal value is limited to a half clock cycle. In fact the bit duration is not fixed. It
takes turns in n clock cycles and n-1 clock cycles. The character duration (10 bits) is
also equal to 10*(n+1/2) clock cycles.
This allows to reach the required precision of the character duration specified by the
ISO7816 standard.
example: F = 372 D = 32 = > ETU = 11.625 clock cycles.
ETU = (ETU[10-0] -0.5 * COMP)*f with ETU[10-0] = 12, COMP = 1 (bit 7 of SCETU1)
To achieve this clock rate we activated the compensation mode and we programmed
the ETU duration to 12 clock cycles.
The result will be a full character duration (10 bits) equal to 11.5 clock cycles.
Guard Time Counter
The minimum time between the leading edge of the start bit of a character and the leading edge of the start bit of the following character transmitted (Guard time) is controlled
by one counter.
It is 9 bits wide and is incremented at the ETU rate.
Figure 15. Guard Time Counter
ETU Counter
Guard Time Counter
Timeout
GT[8:0]
SCGT1
SCGT0
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Waiting Time Counter (WT)
The WT counter is a 24 bits down counter which can be loaded with the value contained
in the SCWT2, SCWT1, SCWT0 registers. Its main purpose is time out signal generation. It is 24 bits wide and is decremented at the ETU rate. The ETU counter acts as a
prescaler (See Figure 16).
When the WT counter timeout, an interrupt is generated and the SCIB function is
locked: reception and emission are disabled. It can be enabled by resetting the macro or
reloading the counter.
Figure 16. Waiting Time Counter
ETU Counter
WTEN
WT Counter
Load
Timeout
Write_SCWT2
WT[23:0]
UART
Start bit
SCWT2
SCWT1
SCWT0
The counter is loaded, if WTEN = 0, during the write of SCWT2 register.
This counter is available in both UART and manual modes. But the behaviour depends
on the selected mode.
In manual mode, the WTEN signal controls the start of the counter (rising edge) and the
stop of the counter (falling edge). After a time out of the counter, a falling edge on
WTEN, a reload of SCWT2 and a rising edge of WTEN are necessary to start again the
counter and to release the SCIB macro. The reload of SCWT2 transfers all SCWT0,
SCWT1 and SCWT2 registers to the WT counter.
In UART mode there is an automatic load on the start bit detection. This automatic load
is very useful for changing on-the-fly the Timeout value since there is a register to hold
the load value. This is the case, for example, when in T = 1 a launch is performed on the
BWT Timeout on the start bit of the last transmitted character. But on the receipt of the
first character an other time out value (CWT) must be used . For this, the new load value
of the waiting time counter must be loaded with CWT before the transmission of the last
character. The reload of SCWT[2-0] with the new value occurs with WTEN = 1.
After a time out of the counter in UART mode, the restart is done as in manual mode.
The maximum interval between the start leading edge of a character and the start leading edge of the next character is loaded in the SCWT2, SCWT1, SCWT0 registers.
In T = 1 mode, the CWT (character waiting time) or the BWT (block waiting time) are
loaded in the same registers.
The maximum time between two consecutive start bit is WT[23:0] * ETU.
When used to check BWT according to ISO 7816, WT can be set between 971 and
15728651.
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A/T8xC5121
Figure 17. T = 0 Mode
> GT
CHAR 2
CHAR 1
< WT
Figure 18. T = 1 Mode
Reception
Transmission
BLOC 2
BLOC 1
CHAR 1
CHAR n
CHAR 2
< CWT
Power-on and Power-off FSM
CHAR n+1
< BWT
CHAR n+2
CHAR n+3
< CWT
In this state, the machine applies the signals on the smart card in accordance with
ISO7816 standard.
To be able to power-on the SCIB, the card presence is mandatory.
Removal of the smart card will automatically start the power-off sequence as described
in Figure 19.
Figure 19. SCI Deactivation Sequence after a Card Extraction
VCC
RST
CLK
8 Clock Cycles
IO
33
4164G–SCR–07/06
Interrupt Generator
There are several sources of interruption but the SCIB macro-cell issues only one interrupt signal: SCIB IT.
Figure 20. SCIB Interrupt Sources
Transmit buffer
copied to shift register
Output current
out of range
Output voltage
out of range
Timeout on WT
counter
Complete
transmission
Complete
reception
Parity error
detected
ESCTBI
CIccER
ECVccER
SCIB IT
ESCWTI
ESCTI
ESCRI
ESCPI
This signal is high level active. One of the sources is able to set up the interrupt signal
and this is the read of the Smart Card Interrupt register by the CPU that clears this
signal.
If during the read of the Smart Card Interrupt register an interrupt occurs, the set of the
corresponding bit into the Smart Card Interrupt register and the set of the interrupt signal
will be delayed after the read access.
Registers
There are fourteen registers to control the SCIB macro-cell. They will be described in
the Section “DC/DC Converter”.
Some of the register widths are greater than a byte. Despite the 8 bits access provided
by the BIU, the address mapping of this kind of register respects the following rule:
•
The Lowest significant byte register is implemented at the higher address.
This implementation makes access to these registers easier when using high level programming language (C,C++).
34
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A/T8xC5121
Other Features
Clock
The Ck-ISO input must be in the range 1 - 5 MHz according to ISO7816.
The ISO Clock diagram and the configuration examples are shown in Figure 20.
Figure 21. Clock Diagram of the SCIB Block
FCLK_CPU
FCLK_Periph
SCIB
Clk_cpu
1
1
Clk_iso
2
F4_8MHz
0
SCX2
Reset value = 1
CKCON 1.3
Table 13. Examples of Settings for Clocks
FCLK Cpu
+ FCLK Periph
Alternate Card
Clk_ iso
Xtal ( MHz)
X2 CKCON0
( MHz)
SCX2
(1 to 5 MHz)
4
0
2
0
2
4
1 (mode X2)
4
0
4
8
1
8
1
4
11.059
0
5.5295
1
2.7648
14.7456
0
7.3728
1
3.6864
16
0
8
1
4
20
0
10
1
5
A second card named "Alternate card" can be controlled.
The Clock signal CCLK1 can be adapted to the XTAL frequency. Thanks to the clock
prescaler which can divide the frequency by 1, 2, 4 or 8. The bits ALTKPS0 and
ALTKPS1 in SCSR Register are used to set this factor.
35
4164G–SCR–07/06
Figure 22. Alternate Card
CVCC
CRST
CIO
CCLK
Main
card
CPRES
FCK_IDLE
1, 2, 4 or 8
FCK_IDLE
1
PR3
P3.6
ALTKPS0,1
SCSR Reg.
Card Presence Input
CCLK1
Alternate
card
SIM,SAM
0
CARD
SCCLK1
SCSR Reg.
The internal pull-up on Card Presence input can be disconnected in order to reduce the
consumption (CPRESRES, bit 3 in PMOD0).
In this case, an external resistor (typically 1 MΩ) must be externally tied to VCC.
CPRES input can generate an interrupt (see Interrupt system section).
The detection level can be selected.
SCIB Reset
The SCICR register contains a reset bit. If set, this bit generates a reset of the SCI and
its registers. Table 15 shows the SCIB registers that are reseted and their reset values.
Table 14. Reset Values for SCI Registers
36
Register Name
SCIB Reset Value (Binary)
SCICR
0000 0000b
SCCON
0X00 0000b
SCISR
1000 0000b
SCIIR
0X00 0000b
SCIER
0X00 0000b
SCSR
XXX0 1000b
SCTBUF
0000 0000b
SCRBUF
0000 0000b
SCETU1, SCETU0
XXX X001b, 0111 0100b (372)
SCGT1, SCGT0
XXXX XXX0b, 0000 1100b (12)
SCWT2, SCWT1, SCWT0
0000 0000b, 0010 0101b, 1000 0000b (9600)
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
DC/DC Converter
The Smart Card supply voltage (CVCC) is generated by the integrated DC/DC converter.
It is controlled by several registers:
•
The register described in Section “SCICR Register” controls the CVCC voltage with
bits CVcc0, CVcc1
•
The register described in Section “SCCON Register”, switches ON/OFF the DC/DC
converter with bit CARDVCC
•
After the selection of the card voltage (CVcc[1:0]), the CARVCC bit is used to switch
on the DC\DC converter. The CVccOK bit indicates that the card voltage is within
the voltage range.
•
It is mandatory to switch off the CVCC before entering in power-down mode.
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Registers Description
Table 15. SCICR Register
SCICR (S:B6h, SCRS = 1)
Smart Card Interface Control Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RESET
CARDDET
CVcc1
CVcc0
UART
WTEN
CREP
CONV
Bit Number
7
6
Bit Mnemonic Description
RESET
CARDDET
Reset
Set this bit to reset the SCIB and its configuration
Card presence detector sense
Clear this bit to indicate the card presence detector is opened when no card
is inserted (CPRES is high).
Set this bit to indicate the card presence detector is closed when no card is
inserted (CPRES is low).
Card Voltage Selection:
CVcc[1]
5-4
3
CVcc[1:0]
UART
CVcc[0]
CVcc
0
0
0V
0
1
1.8V
1
0
3V
1
1
5V
Card UART selection
Clear this bit to use the Card I/O bit to drive the Card I/O pin.
Set this bit to use the Smart Card UART to drive the Card I/O pin.
Also controls the Wait Time Counter as described in Section “Waiting Time
Counter (WT)”
Wait time counter enable
Clear this bit to stop the counter and enable the load of the Wait Time
counter hold registers.
2
WTEN
The hold registers are loaded with SCWT0, SCWT1 and SCWT2 values
when SCWT2 is written.
Set this bit to start the Wait Time counter. The counters stop when it
reaches the timeout value.
If the UART bit is set, the Wait Time counter automatically reloads with the
hold registers whenever a start bit is sent or received.
1
0
CREP
Character repetition
Clear this bit to disable parity error detection and indication on the Card I/O
pin in receive mode and to disable character repetition in transmit mode.
Set this bit to enable parity error indication on the Card I/O pin in receive
mode and to set automatic character repetition when a parity error is
indicated in transmit mode. In receive mode, three times error indication is
performed and the parity error flag is set after four times parity error
detection. In transmit mode, up to three times character repetition is
allowed and the parity error flag is set after five times (reset configuration,
can be set at 4 using CREPSET bit in SCSR Register) consecutive parity
error indication.
CONV
ISO convention
Clear this bit to use the direct convention: b0 bit (LSB) is sent first, the
parity bit is added after b7 bit and a low level on the Card I/O pin represents
a “0”.
Set this bit to use the inverse convention: b7 bit (LSB) is sent first, the parity
bit is added after b0 bit and a low level on the Card I/O pin represents a “1”.
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
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A/T8xC5121
Table 16. SCCON Register
SCCON (S:ACh, SCRS = 0)
Smart Card Contacts Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CLK
-
CARDC8
CARDC4
CARDIO
CARDCLK
CARDRST
CARDVCC
Bit Number Bit Mnemonic Description
7
CLK
Card Clock Selection
Clear this bit to use the CardClk bit (CARDCLK) to drive Card CLK pin.
Set this bit to use XTAL signal to drive the Card CLK pin.
Note: internal synchronization avoids any glitch on the CLK pin when
switching this bit.
6
-
5
CARDC8
4
CARDC4
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not change this bit or write 0.
Card C8
3
CARDIO
Clear this bit to drive a low level on the Card C8 pin.
Set this bit to set a high level on the Card C8 pin.
Card C4
Clear this bit to drive a low level on the Card C4 pin.
Set this bit to set a high level on the Card C4 pin.
Card I/O
When the UART bit is cleared in SCICR Register, the value of this bit is
driven to the Card I/O pin.
Then this pin can be used as a pseudo bi-directional I/O when this bit is set.
To be used as an input, this bit must contain a 1.
2
1
CARDCLK
CARDRST
Card CLK
When the CLK bit is cleared in SCCON Register, the value of this bit is driven
to the Card CLK pin.
Card RST
Clear this bit to drive a low level on the Card RST pin.
Set this bit to set a high level on the Card RST pin.
Read is not allowed if VCARDOK=0
0
CARDVCC
Card VCC Control
Clear this bit to desactivate the Card interface and set its power-off. The other
bits of SCC register have no effect while this bit is cleared.
Set this bit to power-on the Card interface. The activation sequence shall be
handled by software.
Reset Value = 0X00 0000b
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 17. SCISR Register
SCISR (S:ADh, SCRS = 0)
Smart Card UART Interface Status Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SCTBE
CARDIN
CIccOVF
CVccOK
SCWTO
SCTC
SCRC
SCPE
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic
Description
SCTBE
SCIB transmit buffer empty
This bit is set by hardware when the Transmit Buffer is copied to the transmit shift
register of the Smart Card UART.
It is cleared by hardware when SCTBUF is written to.
6
CARDIN
Card presence status
This bit is set when a card is detected (debouncing filter has to be done in
software).
It is cleared otherwise.
5
CIccOVF
7
ICC overflow on card
This bit is set when the current on card is above the limit
It shall be cleared by the hardware .
4
CVccOK
Card voltage status
This bit is set when the output voltage is within the voltage range specified by
CVcc field.
It is cleared otherwise.
3
SCWTO
Smart card wait Timeout
This bit is set by hardware when the Smart card wait time counter times out.
It shall be cleared by the reload of the counter or by the reset of the SCIB.
2
SCTC
Smart card transmitted character
This bit is set by hardware when the Smart Card UART has transmitted a
character.
It shall be cleared by software after this register has been read.
1
SCRC
Smart card received character
This bit is set by hardware when the Smart Card UART has received a character
It is cleared by hardware when SCBUF is read.
0
SCPE
Smart card parity error
This bit is set at the same time as SCTI or SCRI if a parity error is detected.
It shall be cleared by software after this register has been read.
Reset Value = 1000 0000b
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4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Table 18. SCIIR Register
SCIIR (S:AEh, SCRS = 0)
Smart Card UART Interrupt
Identification Register (read only)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SCTBI
-
CIccERR
CVccERR
SCWTI
SCTI
SCRI
SCPI
Bit
Number
Bit Mnemonic Description
7
SCTBI
SCIB transmit buffer interrupt
This bit is set by hardware when the Transmit Buffer is copied to the transmit
shift register of the Smart Card UART.
It is cleared by hardware when this register is read.
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not change this bit or write 0.
5
CIccERR
Card current status
This bit is set when the output current goes out of the current range.
It is cleared by hardware when this register is read.
4
CVccERR
Card voltage status
This bit is set when the output voltage goes out of the voltage range specified
by CVcc field.
It is cleared by hardware when this register is read.
3
SCWTI
Smart card wait Timeout interrupt
This bit is set by hardware when the Smart Card Timer 0 times out.
It is cleared by hardware when this register is read.
SCTI
Smart card transmit interrupt
This bit is set by hardware when the Smart Card UART completes a
character transmission.
It is cleared by hardware when this register is read.
1
SCRI
Smart card receive interrupt
This bit is set by hardware when the Smart Card UART completes a
character reception.
It is cleared by hardware when this register is read.
0
SCPI
Smart card parity error interrupt
This bit is set at the same time as SCTI or SCRI if a parity error is detected.
It is cleared by hardware when this register is read.
2
Reset Value = 0X00 0000b
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 19. SCIER Register
SCIER (S:AEh, SCRS = 1)
Smart Card UART Interrupt Enable Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ESCTBI
-
CIccER
ECVccER
ESCWTI
ESCTI
ESCRI
ESCPI
Bit Number
Bit
Mnemonic
7
ESCTBI
6
-
5
CIccER
Card Current Error Interrupt Enable
Clear this bit to disable the Card Current Error interrupt.
Set this bit to enable the Card Current Error interrupt.
4
ECVccER
Card Voltage Error Interrupt Enable
Clear this bit to disable the Card Voltage Error interrupt.
Set this bit to enable the Card Voltage Error interrupt.
3
ESCWTI
2
ESCTI
Smart Card Transmit Interrupt Enable
Clear this bit to disable the Smart Card UART Transmit interrupt.
Set this bit to enable the Smart Card UART Transmit interrupt.
1
ESCRI
Smart Card Receive Interrupt Enable
Clear this bit to disable the Smart Card UART Receive interrupt.
Set this bit to enable the Smart Card UART Receive interrupt.
0
ESCPI
Smart Card Parity Error Interrupt Enable
Clear this bit to disable the Smart Card UART Parity Error interrupt.
Set this bit to enable the Smart Card UART Parity Error interrupt.
Description
Smart Card UART Transmit Buffer Empty Interrupt Enable
Clear this bit to disable the Smart Card UART Transmit Buffer Empty interrupt.
Set this bit to enable the Smart Card UART Transmit Buffer Empty interrupt.
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not change this bit .
Smart Card Wait Timeout Interrupt Enable
Clear this bit to disable the Smart Card Wait timeout interrupt.
Set this bit to enable the Smart Card Wait timeout interrupt.
Reset Value = 0X00 0000b
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4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Table 20. SCSR Register
SCSR (S:ABh) Smart Card Selection Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
CREPSEL
ALTKPS1
ALTKPS0
SCCLK1
SCRS
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7
-
Reserved
6
-
Reserved
5
-
Reserved
Character repetition selection
4
CREPSEL Clear this bit to select 5 times repetition before parity error indication
Set this bit to select 4 times repetition before parity error indication
Alternate Card Clock prescaler factor
3-2
ALTKPS1
ALTKPS0
00ALTKPS = 0: prescaler factor equals 1
01ALTKPS = 1: prescaler factor equals 2
10ALTKPS = 2: prescaler factor equals 4 (reset value)
11ALTKPS = 3: prescaler factor equals 8
Alternate card clock selection
1
SCCLK1
Set to select the prescaled clock (CCLK1)
Clear to select the standard port configuration (P3.6)
0
SCRS
Smart card register selection
The SCRS bit selects which set of the SCIB registers is accessed.
Reset Value = XXX0 1000b
Table 21. SCTBUF Register
SCTBUF (S:AA, write-only, SCRS = 0) Smart Card Transmit Buffer Register
7
6
Bit Number
–
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bit Mnemonic Description
–
Can store a new byte to be transmitted on the I/O pin when SCTBE is set.
Bit ordering on the I/O pin depends on the Convention (see SCICR
Register).
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 22. SCRBUF Register
SCRBUF (S:AA read-only, SCRS = 1)
Smart Card Receive Buffer Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Bit
Number
–
Bit
Mnemonic Description
–
Provides the byte received from the I/O pin when SCRI is set.
Bit ordering on the I/O pin depends on the Convention (see SCICR Register).
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
Table 23. SCETU1 Register
SCETU1 (S:ADh, SCRS = 1)
Smart Card ETU Register 1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
COMP
–
–
–
–
ETU10
ETU9
ETU8
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7
COMP
6-3
–
2-0
ETU[10:8]
Compensation
Clear this bit when no time compensation is needed (i.e. when the ETU to Card
CLK period ratio is close to an integer with an error less than 1/4 of Card CLK
period).
Set this bit otherwise and reduce the ETU period by 1 Card CLK cycle for even
bits.
Reserved
The value read from these bits is indeterminate. Do not change these bits .
ETU MSB
Used together with the ETU LSB (see SCETU0 Register).
Reset Value = 0XXX X001b
44
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4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Table 24. SCETU0 Register
SCETU0 (S:ACh, SCRS = 1)
Smart Card ETU Register 0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ETU7
ETU6
ETU5
ETU4
ETU3
ETU2
ETU1
ETU0
Bit
Number
7-0
Bit
Mnemonic Description
ETU[7:0]
ETU LSB
The Elementary Time Unit is (ETU[10:0] - 0.5*COMP)/f, where f is the Card CLK
frequency.
According to ISO7816, ETU[10:0] can be set between 11 and 2047.
The default reset value of ETU[10:0] is 372 (F = 372, D = 1).
Reset Value = 0111 0100b
Table 25. SCGT1 Register
SCGT1 (S:B5h, SCRS = 1)
Smart Card Transmit Guard Time Register 1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
GT8
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7-1
–
0
GT8
Reserved
The value read from these bits is indeterminate. Do not change these bits .
Transmit Guard Time MSB
Used together with the Transmit Guard Time LSB (see SCGT0 Register).
Reset Value = XXXX XXX0b
Table 26. SCGT0 Register
SCGT0 (S:B4h, SCRS = 1)
Smart Card Transmit Guard Time Register 0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GT7
GT6
GT5
GT4
GT3
GT2
GT1
GT0
Bit
Number
7-0
Bit
Mnemonic Description
GT[7:0]
Transmit Guard Time LSB
The minimum time between two consecutive start bits in transmit mode is
GT[8:0] * ETU.
According to ISO 7816, GT can be set between 11 and 266 (11 to 254+12 ETU).
Reset Value = 0000 1100b
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 27. SCWT2 Register
SCWT2 (S:B6h, SCRS = 0)
Smart Card Character/Block Wait Time Register 2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
WT23
WT22
WT21
WT20
WT19
WT18
WT17
WT16
Bit
Number
7-0
Bit
Mnemonic Description
WT[23:16]
Wait Time Byte 2
Used together with WT[15:0] (see SCWT0 Register).
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
Table 28. SCWT1 Register
SCWT1 (S:B5h, SCRS = 0) Smart Card Character/Block Wait Time Register 1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
WT15
WT14
WT13
WT12
WT11
WT10
WT9
WT8
Bit
Number
7-0
Bit
Mnemonic Description
WT[15:8]
Wait Time Byte 1
Used together with WT[23:16] and WT[7:0] (see SCWT0 Register).
Reset Value = 0010 0101b
Table 29. SCWT0 Register
SCWT0 (S:B4h, SCRS = 0)
Smart Card Character/Block Wait Time Register 0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
WT7
WT6
WT5
WT4
WT3
WT2
WT1
WT0
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic Description
Wait Time Byte 0
7-0
WT[7:0]
WT[23:0] is the reload value of the Wait Time counter WTC.
The WTC is a general-purpose Timer 0. It is using the ETU clock and is
controlled by the WTEN bit (see Section “Waiting Time Counter (WT)”).
When UART bit of SCICR Register is set, the WTC is automatically reloaded at
each start bit of the UART. It is used to check the maximum time between to
consecutive start bits.
Reset Value = 1000 0000b
46
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4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Interrupt System
The T8xC5121 has a total of 6 interrupt vectors: four external interrupts (INT0, INT1/OE,
CPRES, RxD), two Timer 0 interrupts (Timer 0s 0 and 1), serial port interrupt and Smart
Card Interface interrupt. These interrupts are shown in Figure 23.
Figure 23. Interrupt Control System
IPH0, IPL0
INT0
IE0
EX0
1
ET0
RXEN
0
RXIT
Rxd
OEEN
CPRES
0
3
TCON Reg. IT0
TF0
INT1/OE
High Priority
Interrupt
3
0
1
3
0
0
IE1
1
OELEV
PRESEN
0
1
EX1
Interrupt
Polling
Sequence
0
TCON reg.
The selection bits
IT1
except IT1 (TCON)
PRESIT
are in ISEL Reg.
3
CPLEV
TF1
ET1
0
3
RI
TI
ES
0
IPH1, IPL1
3
SCI
ESCI
Individual
Enable
0
Global
Enable
Low Priority
Interrupt
Each of the interrupt sources can be individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing a bit in the Interrupt Enable register (see Figure 32). This register also contains a
global disable bit, which must be cleared to disable all interrupts at once.
Each interrupt source can also be individually programmed to one of four priority levels
by setting or clearing a bit in the Interrupt Priority register (see Figure 36) and in the
Interrupt Priority High register (see Figure 38). Table 30 shows the bit values and priority
levels associated with each combination.
Table 30. Priority Level Bit Values
IPH.x
IP.x
Interrupt Level Priority
0
0
0 (Lowest)
0
1
1
1
0
2
1
1
3 (Highest)
47
4164G–SCR–07/06
A low-priority interrupt can be interrupted by a high priority interrupt, but not by another
low-priority interrupt. A high-priority interrupt can’t be interrupted by any other interrupt
source.
If two interrupt requests of different priority levels are received simultaneously, the
request of higher priority level is serviced. If interrupt requests of the same priority level
are received simultaneously, an internal polling sequence determines which request is
serviced. Thus within each priority level there is a second priority structure determined
by the polling sequence.
Table 31. Interrupt Vector Addresses
INT1 Interrupt Vector
Interrupt Source
Vector Address
IE0
0003h
TF0
000Bh
IE1 & RxIt & PrIt
0013h
TF1
001Bh
RI & TI
0023h
SCI
0053h
The INT1 interrupt is multiplexed with the three following inputs:
•
INT1/OE: Standard 8051 interrupt input
•
Rxd: Received data on UART
•
CPRES: Insertion or removall of the main card
The setting configurations for each input is detailed below:
INT1/OE Input
This interrupt input is active under the following conditions:
•
It must be enabled thanks to OEEN Bit (ISEL Register)
•
It can be active on a level or falling edge: thanks to IT1 Bit (TCON Register)
•
If level triggering selection is set, the active level 0 or 1 can be selected with OELEV
Bit (ISEL Register)
The Bit IE1 (TCON Register) is set by hardware when external interrupt detected. It is
cleared when interrupt is processed.
Rxd Input
A second vector interrupt input is the reception of a character. UART Rx input can generate an interrupt if enabled with Bit RXEN (ISEL.0). The global enable bits EX1 and EA
must also be set.
Then, the Bit RXIT (ISEL Register) is set by hardware when a low level is detected on
P3.0/RXD input.
CPRES Input
The third input is the detection of a level change on CPRES input (P1.2). This input can
generate an interrupt if enabled with PRESEN (ISEL.1), EX1 (IE0.2) and EA (IE0.7) Bits.
This detection is done according to the level selected with Bit CPLEV (ISEL.7).
Then the Bit PRESIT (ISEL.5) is set by hardware when the triggering conditions are
met. This Bit must be cleared by software.
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A/T8xC5121
Table 32. IE0 Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EA
-
-
ES
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
Description
Enable All interrupt bit
Clear to disable all interrupts.
Set to enable all interrupts.
If EA = 1, each interrupt source is individually enabled or disabled by setting or
clearing its interrupt enable bit.
7
EA
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
ES
Serial port Enable bit
Clear to disable serial port interrupt.
Set to enable serial port interrupt.
3
ET1
Timer 1 overflow interrupt Enable bit
Clear to disable Timer 1 overflow interrupt.
Set to enable Timer 1 overflow interrupt.
2
EX1
External interrupt 1 Enable bit
Clear to disable external interrupt 1.
Set to enable external interrupt 1.
1
ET0
Timer 0 overflow interrupt Enable bit
Clear to disable Timer 0 overflow interrupt.
Set to enable Timer 0 overflow interrupt.
0
EX0
External interrupt 0 Enable bit
Clear to disable external interrupt 0.
Set to enable external interrupt 0.
Reset Value = 0XX0 0000b
Bit addressable
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Table 33. IE1 Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
ESCI
-
-
-
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
7
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
3
ESCI
2
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
1
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
0
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Description
SCI Interrupt Enable
Clear to disable the SCI interrupt.
Set to enable the SCI interrupt.
Reset Value = XXXX 0XXXb
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Table 34. TCON Register
TCON (S:88h)
Timer 0/Counter Control Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7
TF1
Timer 1 Overflow flag
Cleared by the hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine.
Set by the hardware on Timer 0/Counter overflow when Timer 1 register
overflows.
6
TR1
Timer 1 Run Control bit
Clear to turn off Timer 0/Counter 1.
Set to turn on Timer 0/Counter 1.
5
TF0
Timer 0 Overflow flag
Cleared by the hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine.
Set by the hardware on Timer 0/Counter overflow when Timer 0 register
overflows.
4
TR0
Timer 0 Run Control bit
Clear to turn off Timer 0/Counter 0.
Set to turn on Timer 0/Counter 0.
3
IE1
Interrupt 1 Edge flag
Cleared by the hardware when interrupt is processed if edge-triggered (see IT1).
Set by the hardware when external interrupt is detected on the INT1 pin.
2
IT1
Interrupt 1 Type Control bit
Clear to select low level active (level triggered) for external interrupt 1 (INT1).
Set to select falling edge active (edge triggered) for external interrupt 1.
1
IE0
Interrupt 0 Edge flag
Cleared by the hardware when interrupt is processed if edge-triggered (see IT0).
Set by the hardware when external interrupt is detected on INT0 pin.
0
IT0
Interrupt 0 Type Control bit
Clear to select low level active (level triggered) for external interrupt 0 (INT0).
Set to select falling edge active (edge triggered) for external interrupt 0.
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
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Table 35. ISEL Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CPLEV
OEIT
PRESIT
RXIT
OELEV
OEEN
PRESEN
RXEN
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
Description
Card presence detection level
7
CPLEV
This bit indicates which CPRES level will bring about an interrupt
Set this bit to indicate that Card Presence IT will appear if CPRES is at high
level.
Clear this bit to indicate that Card Presence IT will appear if CPRES is at low
level.
6
-
5
PRESIT
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Card presence detection interrupt flag
Set by hardware
Must be cleared by software
Received data interrupt flag
4
RXIT
Set by hardware
Must be cleared by software
3
OELEV
OE/INT1 signal active level
Set this bit to indicate that high level is active.
Clear this bit to indicate that low level is active.
OE/INT1 Interrupt Disable bit
2
OEEN
Clear to disable INT1 interrupt
Set to enable INT1 interrupt
1
0
PRESEN
RXEN
Card presence detection Interrupt Enable bit
Clear to disable the card presence detection interrupt coming from SCIB.
Set to enable the card presence detection interrupt coming from SCIB.
Received data Interrupt Enable bit
Clear to disable the RxD interrupt.
Set to enable the RxD interrupt (a minimal bit width of 0.1 ms is required to
wake up from Power-Down).
Reset Value = 0000 0100b
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Table 36. IPL0 Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
PSL
PT1L
PX1L
PT0L
PX0L
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
7
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
PSL
Serial port Priority bit
Refer to PSH for priority level.
3
PT1L
Timer 1 overflow interrupt Priority bit
Refer to PT1H for priority level.
2
PX1L
External interrupt 1 Priority bit
Refer to PX1H for priority level.
1
PT0L
Timer 0 overflow interrupt Priority bit
Refer to PT0H for priority level.
0
PX0L
External interrupt 0 Priority bit
Refer to PX0H for priority level.
Description
Reset Value = XXX0 0000b
Bit addressable
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Table 37. IPL1 Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
PSCIL
-
-
-
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
7
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
3
PSCIL
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
2
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
1
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
0
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Description
Reset Value = XXXX 0XXXb
Bit addressable
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Table 38. IPH0 Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
PSH
PT1H
PX1H
PT0H
PX0H
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
7
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Description
Serial port Priority High bit
4
PSH
PSH
0
0
1
1
PS
0
1
0
1
Priority Level
Lowest
Highest
Timer 1 overflow interrupt Priority High bit
3
PT1H
PT1H
0
0
1
1
PT1 Priority Level
0
Lowest
1
0
1
Highest
External interrupt 1 Priority High bit
2
PX1H
PX1H
0
0
1
1
PX1 Priority Level
0
Lowest
1
0
1
Highest
Timer 0 overflow interrupt Priority High bit
1
PT0H
PT0H
0
0
1
1
PT0
0
1
0
1
Priority Level
Lowest
Highest
External interrupt 0 Priority High bit
0
PX0H
PX0 HPX0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
Priority Level
Lowest
Highest
Reset Value = XXX0 0000b
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Table 39. IPH1 Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
PSCIH
-
-
-
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
7
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Description
SCI Interrupt Priority level most significant bit
PSCIH PSCIL Priority level
0
0
Lowest
0
1
1
0
1
1
Highest priority
3
PSCIH
2
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
1
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
0
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Reset Value = XXXX 0XXXb
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LED Ports
Configuration
The current source of the LED Ports can be adjusted to 3 different values: 2, 4 or 10 mA.
The LED output is an alternate function of P3.6 an P3.7 and cannot be used while the
alternate card function is used.
The control register LEDCON is detailed below.
Registers Definition
Table 40. LEDCON Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
LED1[1]
LED1[0]
LED0[1]
LED0[0]
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
7-4
-
Description
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Port LED1 configuration:
3-2
LED1[1,0]
LED1[1] LED1[0]
Configuration
0
0
Standard C51 port
0
1
2 mA current source when P3.7 is at Low Level
1
0
4 mA current source when P3.7 is at Low Level
1
1
10 mA current source when P3.7 is at Low Level
Port LED0 configuration:
1-0
LED0[1,0]
LED0[1] LED0[0]
Configuration
0
0
standard C51 port
0
1
2 mA current source when P3.6 is at Low Level
1
0
4 mA current source when P3.6 is at Low Level
1
1
10 mA current source when P3.6 is at Low Level
Reset Value = XXXX 0000b
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Dual Data Pointer
T8xC5121 contains a Dual Data Pointer accelerating data memory block moves. The
Standard 80C52 Data Pointer is a 16-bit value that is used to address off-chip data RAM
or peripherals. In T8xC5121, the standard 16-bit data pointer is called DPTR and
located at SFR location 82H and 83H. The second Data Pointer named DPTR1 is
located at the same address than the previous one. The DPTR select bit (DPS / bit0)
chooses the active pointer and it is located into the AUXR1 register. It should be serviced in those sections of code that will periodically be executed within the time required
to prevent a WDT reset.
The user switches between data pointers by toggling the LSB of the AUXR1. The increment (INC) is a solution for this. All DPTR-related instructions use the currently selected
DPTR for any activity. Therefore only one instruction is required to switch from a source
to a destination address. Using the Dual Data Pointer saves code and resources when
moves of blocks need to be accomplished.
The second Data Pointer can be used to address the on-chip XRAM.
Table 41. DPL Register
DPL - Low Byte of DPTR1 (82h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reset value = 0000 0000b
Table 42. DPH Register
DPH - High Byte of DPTR1 (83h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reset value = 0000 0000b
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Table 43. AUXR1 Register
AUXR1 - Dual Pointer Selection Register (A2h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DPS
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
7
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
3
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
2
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
1
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
0
DPS
Description
Data pointer 1
Clear to select DPTR0 as Data Pointer.
Set to select DPTR1 as Data Pointer.
Reset value = XXXX XXX0b
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Memory Management
Program Memory
All the T8xC5121 versions implement 16 Kbytes of ROM memory, 256 Bytes RAM and
256 Bytes XRAM.
The hardware configuration byte and the split of internal memory spaces depends on
the product and is detailed below.
ROM Configuration Byte
Table 44. ROM Configuration Byte Hardware Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-
BLJRB
-
-
-
-
-
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
0
Description
7
Reserved
Bootloader Jump RAM Bit
6
BLJRB
Set to configure User Code in ROM
Clear to configure Bootlader in ROM
5-0
Reserved
The BLJRB depends of the product version:
•
1: ROM mask version
•
0: EEPROM/CRAM versions
This bit defines if, after reset, either the Customer ROM program or the Bootloader program is executed (for In System programming).
Program ROM Lock Bits
The program Lock system protects the on-chip program against software piracy.
The T8xC5121 products are delivered with the highest protection level.
Table 45. T8xC5121 Products Protection Level
Program Lock Bits
Protection Description
Security
Level
LB1
LB2
SSOP24 version:
Read function is disabled.But checksum control is still enabled
PLCC52 version:
3
P
P
MOVC instruction executed from external program memory are disabled
from fetching code bytes from internal memory,
EA is sampled and latched on reset.
But checksum control is still enabled.
External execution is possible.
P = Programmed
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Memory Mapping
In the products versions, the following internal spaces are defined:
•
RAM
•
XRAM
•
CRAM: 16 KBytes Program RAM Memory
•
ROM
The specific accesses from/to these memories are:
•
XRAM: if the bit RPS in RCON (described below) is reset, MOVX instructions
address the XRAM space.
•
CRAM: if the bit RPS in RCON is set, MOVX instructions address the CRAM
space.
Table 46. RCON Register
7
Bit
Number
7-4
6
5
-
-
4
3
2
1
0
RPS
Bit
Mnemonic Description
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
CRAM space map bit
3
RPS
2-0
-
Set to map the CRAM space during MOVX instructions
Clear to map the Data space during MOVX. This bit has priority over the EXTRAM
bit.
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Reset Value = XXXX 0XXXb
T89C5121 Flash ROM Version
Three memory blocks are implemented
•
An internal serial EEPROM can be loaded from external with the application
program.
•
The ROM memory contains the Bootloader program. The entry point is located at
address F800h. The lower 14K Bytes between address C000h and F7FFh is, also,
used for the Bootloader program.
•
The CRAM is the application program memory. This memory is mapped in the
External RAM space. The bit RPS in RCON (SFR address 0D1h) is set to map the
CRAM space during MOVX instructions
For first programming or an update, the program can be downloaded in the internal
EEPROM (and in the CRAM) from an external device:
•
Either an external EEPROM if detected
•
or from a host through RS232 serial communication.
For this purpose, an In-System Programming (ISP) is supplied in a Bootloader. This
Bootloader is program masked in ROM space.
The Hardware Byte BLJRB value is 0.
As described on page 7, after Reset, the Bootloader program is executed.
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4164G–SCR–07/06
If a serial communication device (as described above: TWI or RS232) is detected, the
program download its content in the internal EEPROM and in CRAM.
Else, the program is internally downloaded from the internal EEPROM into the program
CRAM memory (16 Kbytes)
Then, in the two cases, the Bootloader executes a Long Jump at address 0000h which
initializes the Program counter at the lower address (0000h) of the executable CRAM.
Figure 24. CRAM with ROM and EEPROM Memory Mappings
FFFFh
F800h
entry point
C000h
Bootloader
3FFFh
16 Kbytes
256 bytes
0000h
ROM
T85C121 Code RAM Version
CRAM
XRAM
256 bytes
RAM
Two memory blocks are implemented:
•
The ROM memory contains the Bootloader program.
•
The CRAM is the Application program memory.
After Reset, the program is downloaded, as described in last paragraph, from either an
external EEPROM or from an host connected on RS232 serial link into the program
CRAM memory of 16 Kbytes. Then the Program Counter is set at address 0000h of the
CRAM space and the program is executed.
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Figure 25. CRAM and ROM Mappings
FFFFh
F800h
entry point
C000h
Bootloader
3FFFh
16K bytes
256 bytes
0000h
ROM
CRAM
XRAM
256 bytes
RAM
T83C5121 with Mask ROM
Version
In this version, the customer program is masked in 16 Kbytes ROM.
In-System Programming
The In-System Programming (ISP) mode is only implemented in the following product
versions:
•
The customer program is masked in ROM during the final production phase. The
ROM size will be determined at mask generation process depending of the program
size.
•
EEPROM version
•
CRAM version
(The ROM product version is masked with the customer program and does not need
ISP mode)
The ISP is used to download an Application program in the device and to run it.
The communication protocols which are implemented are: UART and TWI.
Hardware Interface
The hardware in relation with the two communication protocols is detailed below:
•
TWI protocol
•
Serial protocol
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Figure 26. Hardware in Relation with the Two Communication Protocols
DVCC or Ext. VCC (3V)
DVCC
Optional
Thanks to internal pull-ups
TWI
P3.2/INT0
P3.7/CRST1
SCL
VCC
TWI
P2.1
P2.0
SDA
SDA
SCL
Internal EEPROM
AT24C128
BOOTLOADER
VCC
VSS
EEPROM external
AT24C128
Address = 01h
(A0 = 1,A1 = 0)
DVss Wp = 1
DVCC or Ext.VCC (3V)
Address = 00h
A0 = A1 = 0
wp = 0
(default values if not tied)
UART
ISP Software Tool
EEPROM Mapping
The 16K Bytes EEPROM mapping is the following:
0000h
3FFD
3FFE
3FFF
Reserved address
The three last bytes are reserved respectively:
•
Software Security Byte: address 3FFDh
•
CRC Bytes: address 3FFEh and 3FFFh
The use of these bytes is described in the following paragraphs.
Therefore, the User Program must be mapped from 0000h to 3FFCh address.
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Bootloader Functional
Diagram
As described in Section “ROM Configuration Byte”, page 60a ROM bit BLJRB (Boot
Loader Jump ROM Bit) defines which product version is. The Bootloader program is
mapped in ROM space from address C000h up to FFFFh and the entry point is located
at address F800h.
Figure 27. Bootloader Flowchart
RESET
Versions:
RAM+ROM
RAM,ROM,EEPROM
BLJRB = 1
ROM Bit
Bootloader
Execution
versions:
RAM+ROM (Pre-prod: Application Program)
ROM (Prod)
ROM
F800h
SSB & P3.7 test
TWI
ext.bypassed?
bypassed?
ROM program
Execution
ROM
0000h
ACK?
E2PROM at 01
External E2PROM (at 01) is detected
Program is downloaded from
External EEPROM into internal
EEPROM and CRAM
and executed.
SSB & P3.6 test
UART bypassed
bypassed?
U Character
received on UART
?
Serial communication is detected thanks to
Autobaud feature (Table52)
An ISP Software can be used from
a PC to program the part.
Atmel FLIP software is available
Time Elapsed
ACK?
E2PROM at 00
RD port = Error code =
22h
Internal E2PROM (at 00) is detected
Program is downloaded from
internal EEPROM in CRAM and
executed
Error: No TWI or serial device detected
A serial code is sent on RD pin (P3.7)
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In-System Programming
Timings
The download from the internal EEPROM to CRAM is executed after 4 seconds when
operating at 12 MHz frequency.
Protection Mechanisms
Transfer Checks
In order to verify that the transfers are free of errors, a CRC check is implemented during the download of the program in CRAM.
This test is done at the end of the 16K space programming.
As detailed in the next algorithms:
•
in ISP mode, if CRC test pass, a character Y is returned before the CRLF
characters else a character Z is retuned.
•
in download mode, a serial data AA is sent on P3.7 port and CRAM is not executed.
For this purpose, the user program must include in the two last upper bytes (address
3FFEh and 3FFFh) the CRC of the previous bytes (calculated from the address 0000h
to 3FFFDh).
The following frames are examples including the CRC in the two last upper bytes:
Data Bytes
HSB
LSB
2 Bytes CRC
Address: 3FFE,3FFF
•
FF 03 C0 21 04 00 00 08 07 02 08 02 2D DB
•
FF 03 80 21 02 04 00 0A 03 06 C0 A8 70 01 E3 3D (CRC = E33Dh)
(CRC = 2DDBh)
•
FF 03 C0 21 02 01 00 10 02 06 00 00 00 00 05 06 00 00 76 55 49 AC (CRC =
49ACh)
The CRC algorithm is the following :
***************************************************************************************************
Uint16 compute_crc (Uint16 W)
{
UcharC;
W&=(Uint16)0x00FF;
for (C=(Uchar)8;C;C--)
{
if ((Uchar)W&(Uchar)1)
{
W>>=1;
W^=(Uint16)0x8408;
}
else
W>>=1;
return W;
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}
void generate_crc_in_frame(void)
{
checksum_tx=(Uint16) FFFFh;
/* init of the crc variable */
/* loop which compute for each byte (data_byte) to load */
checksum_tx=compute_crc((Uint16)data_byte^checksum_tx)^(checksum_tx>>8);
/* end of loop */
checksum=~checksum_tx;
/* inverts the checksum, so the check will calculate
the CRC of all the datas and */
/* will find a constant value = F0B8
which is the CRC_REF const. of the Bootloader */
write_frame(LOW_BYTE(checksum));
/* writes the LOW_BYTE of the CRC first */
write_frame(HIGH_BYTE(checksum)); /* writes the HIGH_BYTE */
}
***************************************************************************************************
Table 47. Synthesis of Transfer Protection Mechanisms
Source
Target
Check
MCU
CRAM
CRC computed during CRAM Write operation: if error an error code is applied
on P3.7 and Code execution by LJMP000 is not done.
Intern. EEP
MCU
This Read operation is secured by the Write sequence described above
MCU
Intern. EEP
Same protection as in first row above because CRAM is written in sequence
after each page programming of EEP
Ext. EEP
MCU
Same as above as data are transferred to EEP INT and then to CRAM
Notes:
1. The transfer of SSB Byte is also secured by CRC as the CRC is computed on all the
16K data.
2. If a Bad transfer has occurred in the Internal EEPROM (CRC is bad), as the CRC
check is finally done at the end of CRAM programming, application program will NOT
be executed after any Reset.
Read/Write Protection
Lock Byte
In order to protect the content of the internal EEPROM, a Software Security Byte (SSB)
defines two security levels:
•
level 0: SSB = 0xFF: Write and Read are allowed
•
level 1: SSB = 0xFE: Write is disabled
•
level 2: SSB = 0xFC: Write and Read are disabled
This SSB Byte is located at address 3FFDh.
When the level 2 is set, the command to set level 1 is disabled. The security levels can
only be increased.
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4164G–SCR–07/06
The only mean to remove the security level 2 is to send a Full Chip Erase command.
Data Bytes
SSB
Address
3FFD
Table 48. Synthesis of Security Mechanisms
Source
Configuration Bits
Function Protection
Internal
EEPROM
Write
The first protection level of the SSB Byte IN the internal EEPROM protects
against ISP Write command
Internal
EEPROM
Read
The second protection level of the SSB Byte IN the internal EEPROM protects
against ISP Read commands
CRAM
Write
The first protection level of the SSB Byte IN the internal EEPROM protects
against ISP Write command in CRAM
CRAM
Read
The second protection level of the SSB Byte IN the CRAM protects against ISP
Read commands
The Bootloader tests that TWI components are connected as slave components on the
TWI external bus and later in the algorithm if characters are received on the UART input.
This default configuration can be changed, after a first programming, in order:
–
to disable new programming in download mode from external serial
EEPROM to disable ISP programming using UART and
–
to avoid any conflict with the target hardware on external TWI bus or UART.
This can be configured with the two higher bits of the SSB Byte detailed in the previous
paragraph.
The bit 7 is used to bypass (if 0) the External TWI Acknowledge test.
The bit 6 is used to bypass (if 0) the UART receipt test.
These two bypass modes can be disabled if a level 0 is applied on, respectively, P3.5
and P3.6 pins. This allows to force and use ISP even if the device has been configured
as programmed device.
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A/T8xC5121
Table 49. Valid Software Security Byte Values
SSB Values
Functions
FE
No bypass and level1 security
FC
No bypass and level2 security
BF,BE,BC
UART bypass and security levels
7F,7E,7C
External TWI bypass and security levels
3F,3E,3C
UART and Ext. TWI bypass
UART Protocol
Overview
The serial protocol used is described below.
Physical Layer
The UART is used to transmit information with the following configuration:
Datas and Limits
•
Character: 8-bit data
•
Parity: none
•
Stop: 1 bit
•
Flow control: none
•
Baudrate: autobaud is performed by the bootloader to compute the baudrate
chosen by the host.
As described in Section “Transfer Checks”, the downloaded program include the CRC
values in the last two upper bytes of the 16K bytes space.
An update of a part of the 16K program cannot be done because the CRC value would
have to be updated with a value which depends of the actual value of the rest of the
program.
So the Program function of the PC Software Tool include the individual program commands (with 64 data bytes) from address 0000h to address 3FFFh.
Frame Description
The Serial Protocol is based on the Intel Hex-type records.
Intel Hex records consist of ASCII characters used to represent hexadecimal values and
are summarized below:
Table 50. Intel Hex Type Frame
Record Mark ‘:’
Reclen
Load Offset
Record Type
Data or Info
Checksum
1-byte
1-byte = 40h
2-byte
1-byte
64-byte
1-byte
•
Record Mark:
–
•
–
•
Record Mark is the start of frame. This field must contain’:’.
Reclen:
Reclen specifies that the number of bytes of information or data that follow
the Record Type field of the record.
Load Offset:
–
Load Offset specifies the 16-bit starting load offset of the data bytes,
therefore this field is used only for Program Data Record (see Table 51).
69
4164G–SCR–07/06
•
Record Type:
–
•
Data/Info:
–
•
Command Description
Record Type specifies the command type. This field is used to interpret the
remaining information within the frame. The encoding for all the current
record types are described in Table 51.
Data/Info is a 64 bytes length field. It consists of 64 bytes encoded as pairs
of hexadecimal digits. The meaning of data depends on the Record Type.
Checksum:
–
The two’s complement of the 8-bit bytes that result from converting each pair
of ASCII hexadecimal digits to one byte of binary, and including the Reclen
field to and including the last byte of the Data/Info field. Therefore, the sum
of all the ASCII pairs in a record after converting to binary, from the Reclen
field to and including the Checksum field, is zero.
Notes:
1. A data byte is represented by two ASCII characters.
2. When the field Load Offset is not used, it should be coded as 2 bytes (00h 00h).
Table 51. Frame Description
Command
Command Name
00h
Program Data
01h
End Of File
data[0]
data[1]
Program 64 Data Bytes
-
-
Write Function
End of File
Full Chip Erase
07h
03h
Command Effect
05h
00h
05h
01h
03h
01h
Data[0:1] = start address
Program SSB level1
Program SSB level2
LJMP(data[2],data[3])
(LJMP0000h)
Display Data
Data [2:3] = end address
04h
Display Function
Data[4] = 00h -> Display
data
Data[4] = 01h -> Blank
check
Data[4] = 03h -> Display
CRAM
70
05h
Read Function
06h
Direct Load of Baud Rate
07h
00h
Read SSB
0Fh
00h
Read Bootloader Version
HSB
LSB
Not implemented
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A/T8xC5121
Autobaud
The ISP feature allows a wide range of baud rates in the user application. It is also
adaptable to a wide range of oscillator frequencies. This is accomplished by measuring
the bit-time of a single bit in a received character. This information is then used to program the baud rate in terms of timer counts based on the oscillator frequency. The ISP
feature requires that an initial character (an uppercase U) be sent to the T8xC5121 to
establish the baud rate. Table show the autobaud capability.
Table 52. Autobaud Performances
Frequency (MHz)
Baudrate (kHz)
6.176
8
11.0592
12
14.3
14.7456
16
9600
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
-
19200
OK
-
OK
OK
Ok
OK
OK
38400
-
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
57600
-
-
OK
-
OK
OK
-
115200
-
-
-
-
-
OK
-
Protection Mechanisms
Transfer Checks
Table 53. Synthesis of the Communication Protection Mechanisms
Source
Target
Check
UART ISP
MCU
Checksum included in commands is tested with calculated checksum: if
bad, X echo returned to ISP
MCU
CRAM
CRC computed during CRAM Write operation: if error an error code is
applied on P3.7. Error code’Z’ is returned to ISP.
MCU
Intern. EEP
Same protection as above because CRAM is written in sequence after
each page programming of EEP
Notes:
Security
1. The transfer of SSB Byte is also secured by CRC as the CRC is computed on all the
16K data.
2. If a bad transfer has occurred in the Internal EEPROM (CRC is bad), as the CRC
check is finally done at the end of CRAM programming, application program will NOT
be executed after any Reset.
Table 54. Synthesis of the Security Mechanisms
Source
Target
Case
Protection
UART ISP
Intern. EEP
Read access
SSB level 2 must be set (done, if
selected, at ISP Programming or Ext
EEP Download)
UART ISP
CRAM
Read access
SSB level 2 IN CRAM must be set (SSB
is downloaded from Int EEP after Reset)
UART ISP
Intern. EEP
SSB level 1 must be set (done, if
selected, at ISP Programming or Ext
Partial Programming EEP Download)
which would not fit
Then the EEP must be, first, erased
with old CRC
before reprogramming.
Programming is done on all the memory
space
71
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72
Source
Target
Case
Protection
UART ISP
Intern. EEP
Programming
SSB level 1 must be set (done, if
selected, at ISP Programming or Ext
EEP Donwload)
UART ISP
CRAM
Program access
SSB level 1 IN Int EEP protects as, first,
the Int EEP is programmed before
CRAM
UART ISP
SSB in EEP and
CRAM
level 2 to level 1
Protected by Bootloader
UART ISP
SSB in EEP and
CRAM
level 1 to level 0
Protected by Bootloader
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Timers/Counters
Introduction
The T8xC5121 implements two general-purpose, 16-bit Timer 0s/Counters. Although
they are identified as Timer 0, Timer 1, you can independently configure each to operate
in a variety of modes as a Timer 0 or as an event Counter. When operating as a Timer 0,
a Timer 0/Counter runs for a programmed length of time, then issues an interrupt
request. When operating as a Counter, a Timer 0/Counter counts negative transitions
on an external pin. After a preset number of counts, the Counter issues an interrupt
request.
The Timer 0 registers and associated control registers are implemented as addressable
Special Function Registers (SFRs). Two of the SFRs provide programmable control of
the Timer 0s as follows:
•
Timer 0/Counter mode control register (TMOD) and Timer 0/Counter control register
(TCON) control respectively Timer 0 and Timer 1.
The various operating modes of each Timer 0/Counter are described below.
Timer 0/Counter
Operations
For example, a basic operation is Timer 0 registers THx and TLx (x = 0, 1) connected in
cascade to form a 16-bit Timer 0. Setting the run control bit (TRx) in the TCON register
(see Figure 55) turns the Timer 0 on by allowing the selected input to increment TLx.
When TLx overflows it increments THx and when THx overflows it sets the Timer 0 overflow flag (TFx) in the TCON register. Setting the TRx does not clear the THx and TLx
Timer 0 registers. Timer 0 registers can be accessed to obtain the current count or to
enter preset values. They can be read at any time but the TRx bit must be cleared to
preset their values, otherwise the behavior of the Timer 0/Counter is unpredictable.
The C/Tx# control bit selects Timer 0 operation or Counter operation by selecting the
divided-down system clock or the external pin Tx as the source for the counted signal.
The TRx bit must be cleared when changing the operating mode, otherwise the behavior
of the Timer 0/Counter is unpredictable.
For Timer 0 operation (C/Tx# = 0), the Timer 0 register counts the divided-down system
clock. The Timer 0 register incremented once every peripheral cycle.
Exceptions are the Timer 0 2 Baud Rate and Clock-Out modes in which the Timer 0 register is incremented by the system clock divided by two.
For Counter operation (C/Tx# = 1), the Timer 0 register counts the negative transitions
on the Tx external input pin. The external input is sampled during every S5P2 state. The
Programmer’s Guide describes the notation for the states in a peripheral cycle. When
the sample is high in one cycle and low in the next one, the Counter is incremented. The
new count value appears in the register during the next S3P1 state after the transition
has been detected. Since it takes 12 states (24 oscillator periods) to recognize a negative transition, the maximum count rate is 1/24 of the oscillator frequency. There are no
restrictions on the duty cycle of the external input signal, but to ensure that a given level
is sampled at least once before it changes, it should be held for at least one full peripheral cycle.
73
4164G–SCR–07/06
Timer 0
Timer 0 functions as either a Timer 0 or an event Counter in four operating modes.
Figure 28 through Figure 31 show the logic configuration of each mode.
Timer 0 is controlled by the four lower bits of the TMOD register (see Figure 56) and bits
0, 1, 4 and 5 of the TCON register (see Figure 55). The TMOD register selects the
method of Timer 0 gating (GATE0), Timer 0 or Counter operation (T/C0#) and the operating mode (M10 and M00). The TCON register provides Timer 0 control functions:
overflow flag (TF0), run control bit (TR0), interrupt flag (IE0) and interrupt type control bit
(IT0).
For normal Timer 0 operation (GATE0 = 0), setting TR0 allows TL0 to be incremented
by the selected input. Setting GATE0 and TR0 allows external pin INT0 to control Timer 0
operation.
Timer 0 overflow (count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s) sets the TF0 flag and generates
an interrupt request.
It is important to stop the Timer 0/Counter before changing modes.
Mode 0 (13-bit Timer 0)
Mode 0 configures Timer 0 as a 13-bit Timer 0 which is set up as an 8-bit Timer 0 (TH0
register) with a module-32 prescaler implemented with the lower five bits of the TL0 register (see Figure 28). The upper three bits of the TL0 register are indeterminate and
should be ignored. Prescaler overflow increments the TH0 register.
Figure 28. Timer 0/Counter x (x = 0 or 1) in Mode 0
FCLK_Periph
0
THx
(8 bits)
1
TLx
(5 bits)
Overflow
TFx
TCON reg
Timer 0 x
Interrupt
Request
Tx
C/Tx#
TMOD reg
INTx#
GATEx
TMOD reg
Mode 1 (16-bit Timer 0)
74
TRx
TCON reg
Mode 1 configures Timer 0 as a 16-bit Timer 0 with the TH0 and TL0 registers connected in a cascade (see Figure 29). The selected input increments the TL0 register.
A/T8xC5121
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A/T8xC5121
Figure 29. Timer 0/Counter x (x = 0 or 1) in Mode 1
FCLK_Periph
0
1
THx
(8 bits)
TLx
(8 bits)
Overflow
TFx
TCON reg
Timer 0 x
Interrupt
Request
C/Tx#
TMOD reg
Tx
INTx#
GATEx
TMOD reg
Mode 2 (8-bit Timer 0 with
Auto-Reload)
TRx
TCON reg
Mode 2 configures Timer 0 as an 8-bit Timer 0 (TL0 register) that automatically reloads
from the TH0 register (see Figure 30). TL0 overflow sets the TF0 flag in the TCON register and reloads TL0 with the contents of TH0, which is preset by the software. When
the interrupt request is serviced, the hardware clears TF0. The reload leaves TH0
unchanged. The next reload value may be changed at any time by writing it to the TH0
register.
Figure 30. Timer 0/Counter x (x = 0 or 1) in Mode 2
FCLK_Periph
0
TLx
(8 bits)
1
Overflow
TFx
TCON reg
Timer 0 x
Interrupt
Request
Tx
C/Tx#
TMOD reg
INTx#
THx
(8 bits)
GATEx
TMOD reg
Mode 3 (Two 8-bit Timer 0s)
TRx
TCON reg
Mode 3 configures Timer 0 so that registers TL0 and TH0 operate as 8-bit Timer 0s (see
Figure 31). This mode is provided for applications requiring an additional 8-bit Timer 0 or
Counter. TL0 uses the Timer 0 control bits C/T0# and GATE0 in the TMOD register, and
TR0 and TF0 in the TCON register in the normal manner. TH0 is locked into a Timer 0
function (counting FUART) and takes over use of the Timer 1 interrupt (TF1) and run control (TR1) bits. Thus, operation of Timer 1 is restricted when Timer 0 is in mode 3.
75
4164G–SCR–07/06
Figure 31. Timer 0/Counter 0 in Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counters
FCLK_Periph
0
1
TL0
(8 bits)
Overflow
TH0
(8 bits)
Overflow
TF0
TCON.5
Timer 0
Interrupt
Request
T0
C/T0#
TMOD.2
INT0
GATE0
TMOD.3
TR0
TCON.4
FCLK_Periph
TF1
TCON.7
Timer 1
Interrupt
Request
TR1
TCON.6
76
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A/T8xC5121
Timer 1
Timer 1 is identical to Timer 0 except for Mode 3 which is a hold-count mode. The following comments help to understand the differences:
•
Timer 1 functions as either a Timer 0 or an event Counter in the three operating
modes. Figure 28 through Figure 30 show the logical configuration for modes 0, 1,
and 2. Mode 3 of Timer 1 is a hold-count mode.
•
Timer 1 is controlled by the four high-order bits of the TMOD register (see Figure 56)
and bits 2, 3, 6 and 7 of the TCON register (see Figure 55). The TMOD register
selects the method of Timer 0 gating (GATE1), Timer 0 or Counter operation
(C/T1#) and the operating mode (M11 and M01). The TCON register provides Timer
1 control functions: overflow flag (TF1), run control bit (TR1), interrupt flag (IE1) and
the interrupt type control bit (IT1).
•
Timer 1 can serve as the Baud Rate Generator for the Serial Port. Mode 2 is best
suited for this purpose.
•
For normal Timer 0 operation (GATE1 = 0), setting TR1 allows TL1 to be
incremented by the selected input. Setting GATE1 and TR1 allows external pin INT1
to control Timer 0 operation.
•
Timer 1 overflow (count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s) sets the TF1 flag and
generates an interrupt request.
•
When Timer 0 is in mode 3, it uses Timer 1’s overflow flag (TF1) and run control bit
(TR1). For this situation, use Timer 1 only for applications that do not require an
interrupt (such as a Baud Rate Generator for the Serial Port) and switch Timer 1 in
and out of mode 3 to turn it off and on.
•
It is important to stop the Timer 0/Counter before changing modes.
Mode 0 (13-bit Timer 0)
Mode 0 configures Timer 1 as a 13-bit Timer 0, which is set up as an 8-bit Timer 0 (TH1
register) with a modulo-32 prescaler implemented with the lower 5 bits of the TL1 register (see Figure 28). The upper 3 bits of TL1 register are ignored. Prescaler overflow
increments the TH1 register.
Mode 1 (16-bit Timer 0)
Mode 1 configures Timer 1 as a 16-bit Timer 0 with TH1 and TL1 registers connected in
cascade (see Figure 29). The selected input increments the TL1 register.
Mode 2 (8-bit Timer 0 with
Auto-Reload)
Mode 2 configures Timer 1 as an 8-bit Timer 0 (TL1 register) with automatic reload from
the TH1 register on overflow (see Figure 30). TL1 overflow sets the TF1 flag in the
TCON register and reloads TL1 with the contents of TH1, which is preset by the software. The reload leaves TH1 unchanged.
Mode 3 (Halt)
Placing Timer 1 in mode 3 causes it to halt and hold its count. This can be used to halt
Timer 1 when the TR1 run control bit is not available i.e., when Timer 0 is in mode 3.
77
4164G–SCR–07/06
Registers
Table 55. TCON Register
TCON (S:88h) - Timer 0/Counter Control Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7
TF1
Timer 1 Overflow flag
Cleared by the hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine.
Set by the hardware on Timer 0/Counter overflow when Timer 1 register
overflows.
6
TR1
Timer 1 Run Control bit
Clear to turn off Timer 0/Counter 1.
Set to turn on Timer 0/Counter 1.
5
TF0
Timer 0 Overflow flag
Cleared by the hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine.
Set by the hardware on Timer 0/Counter overflow when Timer 0 register
overflows.
4
TR0
Timer 0 Run Control bit
Clear to turn off Timer 0/Counter 0.
Set to turn on Timer 0/Counter 0.
3
IE1
Interrupt 1 Edge flag
Cleared by the hardware when interrupt is processed if edge-triggered (see IT1).
Set by the hardware when external interrupt is detected on the INT1 pin.
2
IT1
Interrupt 1 Type Control bit
Clear to select low level active (level triggered) for external interrupt 1 (INT1).
Set to select falling edge active (edge triggered) for external interrupt 1.
1
IE0
Interrupt 0 Edge flag
Cleared by the hardware when interrupt is processed if edge-triggered (see IT0).
Set by the hardware when external interrupt is detected on INT0 pin.
0
IT0
Interrupt 0 Type Control bit
Clear to select low level active (level triggered) for external interrupt 0 (INT0).
Set to select falling edge active (edge triggered) for external interrupt 0.
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
78
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A/T8xC5121
Table 56. TMOD Register
TMOD (S:89h) - Timer 0/Counter Mode Control Registers
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GATE1
C/T1#
M11
M01
GATE0
C/T0#
M10
M00
Bit Number
Bit Mnemonic
7
GATE1
Timer 1 Gating Control bit
Clear to enable Timer 1 whenever TR1 bit is set.
Set to enable Timer 1 only while INT1 pin is high and TR1 bit is set.
6
C/T1#
Timer 1 Counter/Timer 0 Select bit
Clear for Timer 0 operation: Timer 1 counts the divided-down system clock.
Set for Counter operation: Timer 1 counts negative transitions on external pin T1.
5
M11
4
M01
3
GATE0
Timer 0 Gating Control bit
Clear to enable Timer 0 whenever TR0 bit is set.
Set to enable Timer 0/Counter 0 only while INT0 pin is high and TR0 bit is set.
2
C/T0#
Timer 0 Counter/Timer 0 Select bit
Clear for Timer 0 operation: Timer 0 counts the divided-down system clock.
Set for Counter operation: Timer 0 counts negative transitions on external pin T0.
1
M10
0
M00
Description
Timer 1 Mode Select bits
M11
M01
Operating mode
0
0
Mode 0:8-bit Timer 0/Counter (TH1) with 5-bit prescaler (TL1).
0
1
Mode 1:16-bit Timer 0/Counter.
1
0
Mode 2:8-bit auto-reload Timer 0/Counter (TL1). Reloaded from TH1 at overflow.
1
1
Mode 3:Timer 1 halted. Retains count.
Timer 0 Mode Select bit
M10
M00 Operating mode
0
0
Mode 0:8-bit Timer 0/Counter (TH0) with 5-bit prescaler (TL0).
0
1
Mode 1:16-bit Timer 0/Counter
1
0
Mode 2:8-bit auto-reload Timer 0/Counter (TL0). Reloaded from TH0 at overflow.
1
1
Mode 3:TL0 is an 8-bit Timer 0/Counter.
TH0 is an 8-bit Timer 0 using Timer 1’s TR0 and TF0 bits.
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
79
4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 57. TH0 Register
TH0 (S:8Ch) - Timer 0 High Byte Register.
7
Bit
Number
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7:0
High Byte of Timer 0
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
Table 58. TL0 Register
TL0 (S:8Ah) - Timer 0 Low Byte Register.
7
Bit
Number
6
5
4
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7:0
Low Byte of Timer 0
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
Table 59. TH1 Register
TH1 (S:8Dh) - Timer 1 High Byte Register.
7
Bit
Number
6
5
4
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7:0
High Byte of Timer 1
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
Table 60. TL1 Register
TL1 (S:8Bh) - Timer 1 Low Byte Register.
7
Bit
Number
7:0
6
5
4
Bit
Mnemonic Description
Low Byte of Timer 1
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
80
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Serial I/O Port
The serial I/O port is entirely compatible with the serial I/O port in the 80C52.
It provides both synchronous and asynchronous communication modes. It operates as
an Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (UART) in three full-duplex
modes (Modes 1, 2 and 3). Asynchronous transmission and reception can occur simultaneously and at different baud rates.
Serial I/O port includes the following enhancements:
•
Framing error detection and Automatic Address Recognition
•
Internal Baud Rate Generator
Figure 32. Serial I/O UART Port Block Diagram
IB Bus
Read SBUF
Write SBUF
SBUF
Receiver
SBUF
Transmitter
TXD
Load SBUF
Mode 0 Transmit
RXD
Receive
Shift register
Serial Port
Interrupt Request
RI
Framing Error Detection
TI
Framing bit error detection is provided for the three asynchronous modes. To enable the
framing bit error detection feature, set SMOD0 bit in PCON register.
Figure 33. Framing Error Block Diagram
SM0/FE
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
TI
RI
Set FE bit if stop bit is 0 (framing error)
SM0 to UART mode control
SMOD1 SMOD0
-
POF
GF1
GF0
PD
IDL
To UART framing error control
When this feature is enabled, the receiver checks each incoming data frame for a valid
stop bit. An invalid stop bit may result from noise on the serial lines or from simultaneous
transmission by two CPUs. If a valid stop bit is not found, the Framing Error bit (FE) in
SCON register bit is set.
Software may examine FE bit after each reception to check for data errors. Once set,
only software or a reset clear FE bit. Subsequently received frames with valid stop bits
cannot clear FE bit. When FE feature is enabled, RI rises on stop bit instead of the last
data bit (See Figure 34 and Figure 35).
81
4164G–SCR–07/06
Figure 34. UART Timings in Mode 1
RXD
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Stop
Bit
Data Byte
Start
Bit
RI
SMOD0 = X
FE
SMOD0 = 1
Figure 35. UART Timings in Modes 2 and 3
RXD
D0
Start
Bit
D1
D2
D3
D4
Data Byte
D5
D6
D7
D8
Ninth
Bit
Stop
Bit
RI
SMOD0 = 0
RI
SMOD0 = 1
FE
SMOD0 = 1
Automatic Address
Recognition
The automatic address recognition feature is enabled when the multiprocessor communication feature is enabled (SM2 bit in SCON register is set).
Implemented in hardware, automatic address recognition enhances the multiprocessor
communication feature by allowing the serial port to examine the address of each
incoming command frame. Only when the serial port recognizes its own address, the
receiver sets RI bit in SCON register to generate an interrupt. This ensures that the CPU
is not interrupted by command frames addressed to other devices.
If desired, you may enable the automatic address recognition feature in mode 1. In this
configuration, the stop bit takes the place of the ninth data bit. Bit RI is set only when the
received command frame address matches the device’s address and is terminated by a
valid stop bit.
To support automatic address recognition, a device is identified by a given address and
a broadcast address.
Note:
Given Address
82
The multiprocessor communication and automatic address recognition features cannot
be enabled in mode 0 (i.e., setting SM2 bit in SCON register in mode 0 has no effect).
Each device has an individual address that is specified in SADDR register; the SADEN
register is a mask byte that contains don’t care bits (defined by zeros) to form the
device’s given address. The don’t care bits provide the flexibility to address one or more
slaves at a time. The following example illustrates how a given address is formed.
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
To address a device by its individual address, the SADEN mask byte must be 1111
1111b.
For example:
SADDR0101 0110b
SADEN1111 1100b
Given0101 01XXb
The following is an example of how to use given addresses to address different slaves:
Slave A:SADDR1111 0001b
SADEN1111 1010b
Given1111 0X0Xb
Slave B:SADDR1111 0011b
SADEN1111 1001b
Given1111 0XX1b
Slave C:SADDR1111 0011b
SADEN1111 1101b
Given1111 00X1b
The SADEN byte is selected so that each slave may be addressed separately.
For slave A, bit 0 (the LSB) is a don’t care bit; for slaves B and C, bit 0 is a 1. To communicate with slave A only, the master must send an address where bit 0 is clear (e.g.
1111 0000b).
For slave A, bit 1 is a 0; for slaves B and C, bit 1 is a don’t care bit. To communicate with
slaves A and B, but not slave C, the master must send an address with bits 0 and 1 both
set (e.g. 1111 0011b).
To communicate with slaves A, B and C, the master must send an address with bit 0 set,
bit 1 clear, and bit 2 clear (e.g. 1111 0001b).
Broadcast Address
A broadcast address is formed from the logical OR of the SADDR and SADEN registers
with zeros defined as don’t care bits, e.g.:
SADDR0101 0110b
SADEN1111 1100b
SADDR OR SADEN1111 111Xb
The use of don’t care bits provides flexibility in defining the broadcast address, however
in most applications, a broadcast address is FFh. The following is an example of using
broadcast addresses:
Slave A:SADDR1111 0001b
SADEN1111 1010b
Given1111 1X11b,
Slave B:SADDR1111 0011b
SADEN1111 1001b
Given1111 1X11B,
Slave C:SADDR = 1111 0010b
SADEN1111 1101b
Given1111 1111b
For slaves A and B, bit 2 is a don’t care bit; for slave C, bit 2 is set. To communicate with
all of the slaves, the master must send an address FFh. To communicate with slaves A
and B, but not slave C, the master can send and address FBh.
83
4164G–SCR–07/06
Reset Addresses
On reset, the SADDR, SADEN register are initialized to 00h, i.e. the given and broadcast addresses are XXXX XXXXb (all don’t care bits). This ensures that the serial port is
backwards compatible with the 80C51 microcontrollers that do not support automatic
address recognition.
UART Output Configuration
Voltage Level
The I/O Ports of UART are powered by the EVCC Regulator. The voltage of this regulator
can be:
•
Automatically controlled by the microcontroller which adapt the power supply level
versus the OE input voltage level.
•
Set at three defined levels (1.8V, 2.3V or 2.8V)
These configurations are defined with the EVAUTO and VEXT0,VEXT1 Bits of SIOCON
Register.
Output Enable Function
The UART outputs (Tx, T0) can be controlled by the Output Enable input.
The Bits PMOSEN0 and PMOSEN1 in SIOCON Register are used to control this output.
0
1
SFR
Value
0
1
PMOSEN0
0
1
OE
(P3.3)
0
PMOS Command
(Active at 1)
PMOSEN1
1
PMOSEN0
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UART Control Registers
Table 61. SADEN Register
SADEN
Slave Address Mask Register (B9h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
4
3
2
1
0
4
3
2
1
0
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
Table 62. SADDR Register
SADDR
Slave Address Register (A9h)
7
6
5
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
Table 63. SBUF Register
SBUF
Serial Buffer Register (99h)
7
6
5
Reset Value = XXXX XXXXb
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4164G–SCR–07/06
UART Timings
The following description will be included in L version:
Mode Selection
SM0 and SM1 bits in SCON register (see Table 67) are used to select a mode among
the single synchronous and the three asynchronous modes according to Table 64.
Table 64. Serial I/O Port Mode Selection
Baud Rate Generator
SM0
SM1
Mode
Description
Baud Rate
0
0
0
Synchronous Shift Register
Fixed / Variable
0
1
1
8-bit UART
Variable
1
0
2
9-bit UART
Fixed
1
1
3
9-bit UART
Variable
Depending on the mode and the source selection, the baud rate can be generated from
either the Timer 1 or the Internal Baud Rate Generator. The Timer 1 can be used in
Modes 1 and 3 while the Internal Baud Rate Generator can be used in Modes 0, 1 and
3.
The addition of the Internal Baud Rate Generator allows freeing of the Timer 1 for other
purposes in the application. It is highly recommended to use the Internal Baud Rate
Generator as it allows higher and more accurate baud rates than with Timer 1.
Baud rate formulas depend on the modes selected and are given in the following mode
sections.
Timer 1
When using the Timer 1, the Baud Rate is derived from the overflow of the timer. As
shown in Figure 36 the Timer 1 is used in its 8-bit auto-reload mode (detailed in
Section “Timer 0/Counter Operations”, page 73). SMOD1 bit in PCON register allows
doubling of the generated baud rate.
Figure 36. Timer 1 Baud Rate Generator Block Diagram
PER
CLOCK
÷6
0
TL1
(8 bits)
1
T1
Overflow
÷2
0
1
T1
CLOCK
To Serial Port
C/T1#
TMOD.6
SMOD1
INT1
PCON.7
GATE1
TMOD.7
TR1
TCON.6
Internal Baud Rate Generator
86
TH1
(8 bits)
When using the Internal Baud Rate Generator, the Baud Rate is derived from the overflow of the timer. As shown in Figure 37, the Internal Baud Rate Generator is an 8-bit
auto-reload timer feed by the peripheral clock or by the peripheral clock divided by 6
depending on the SPD bit in BDRCON register (see Table 68). The Internal Baud Rate
Generator is enabled by setting BBR bit in BDRCON register. SMOD1 bit in PCON register allows doubling of the generated baud rate.
A/T8xC5121
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A/T8xC5121
Figure 37. Internal Baud Rate Generator Block Diagram
PER
CLOCK
÷6
0
BRG
(8 bits)
1
Overflow
÷2
0
IBRG
CLOCK
1
SPD
BRR
BDRCON.1
BDRCON.4
To Serial Port
SMOD1
PCON.7
BRL
(8 bits)
Synchronous Mode (Mode 0)
Mode 0 is a half-duplex, synchronous mode, which is commonly used to expand the I/0
capabilities of a device with shift registers. The transmit data (TXD) pin outputs a set of
eight clock pulses while the receive data (RXD) pin transmits or receives a byte of data.
The 8-bit data are transmitted and received least-significant bit (LSB) first. Shifts occur
at a fixed Baud Rate. Figure 38 shows the serial port block diagram in Mode 0.
Figure 38. Serial I/O Port Block Diagram (Mode 0)
SCON.6
SCON.7
SM1
SM0
SBUF Tx SR
Mode Decoder
RXD
M3 M2 M1 M0
SBUF Rx SR
Mode
Controller
PER
CLOCK
Transmission (Mode 0)
TI
RI
SCON.1
SCON.0
Baud Rate
Controller
BRG
CLOCK
TXD
To start a transmission mode 0, write to SCON register clearing bits SM0, SM1.
As shown in Figure 39, writing the byte to transmit to SBUF register starts the transmission. Hardware shifts the LSB (D0) onto the RXD pin during the first clock cycle
composed of a high level then low level signal on TXD. During the eighth clock cycle the
MSB (D7) is on the RXD pin. Then, hardware drives the RXD pin high and asserts TI to
indicate the end of the transmission.
Figure 39. Transmission Waveforms (Mode 0)
TXD
Write to SBUF
RXD
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
TI
87
4164G–SCR–07/06
Reception (Mode 0)
To start a reception in mode 0, write to SCON register clearing SM0, SM1 and RI bits
and setting the REN bit.
As shown in Figure 40, Clock is pulsed and the LSB (D0) is sampled on the RXD pin.
The D0 bit is then shifted into the shift register. After eight sampling, the MSB (D7) is
shifted into the shift register, and hardware asserts RI bit to indicate a completed reception. Software can then read the received byte from SBUF register.
Figure 40. Reception Waveforms (Mode 0)
TXD
Set REN, Clear RI
Write to SCON
RXD
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
RI
Baud Rate Selection (Mode 0)
In mode 0, baud rate can be either fixed or variable.
As shown in Figure 41, the selection is done using M0SRC bit in BDRCON register.
Figure 42 gives the baud rate calculation formulas for each baud rate source.
Figure 41. Baud Rate Source Selection (Mode 0)
PER
CLOCK
÷6
0
To Serial Port
IBRG
CLOCK
1
M0SRC
BDRCON.0
Figure 42. Baud Rate Formulas (Mode 0)
Baud_Rate =
F
Baud_Rate = PER
6
a. Fixed Formula
88
6
2SMOD1 ⋅ FPER
⋅ 32 ⋅ (256 -BRL)
(1-SPD)
2SMOD1 ⋅ FPER
BRL = 256 - (1-SPD)
6
⋅ 32 ⋅ Baud_Rate
b. Variable Formula
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4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Asynchronous Modes
(Modes 1, 2 and 3)
The Serial Port has one 8-bit and two 9-bit asynchronous modes of operation. Figure 43
shows the Serial Port block diagram in such asynchronous modes.
Figure 43. Serial I/O Port Block Diagram (Modes 1, 2 and 3)
SCON.6
SCON.7
SCON.3
SM1
SM0
TB8
Mode Decoder
SBUF Tx SR
TXD
Rx SR
RXD
M3 M2 M1 M0
T1
CLOCK
Mode & Clock
Controller
IBRG
CLOCK
SBUF Rx
PER
CLOCK
RB8
SCON.2
SM2
TI
RI
SCON.4
SCON.1
SCON.0
Mode 1
Mode 1 is a full-duplex, asynchronous mode. The data frame (see Figure 44) consists of
10 bits: one start, eight data bits and one stop bit. Serial data is transmitted on the TXD
pin and received on the RXD pin. When a data is received, the stop bit is read in the
RB8 bit in SCON register.
Figure 44. Data Frame Format (Mode 1)
Mode 1
D0
D1
D2
Start Bit
Modes 2 and 3
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
8-bit Data
Stop Bit
Modes 2 and 3 are full-duplex, asynchronous modes. The data frame (see Figure 45)
consists of 11 bits: one start bit, eight data bits (transmitted and received LSB first), one
programmable ninth data bit and one stop bit. Serial data is transmitted on the TXD pin
and received on the RXD pin. On receive, the ninth bit is read from RB8 bit in SCON
register. On transmit, the ninth data bit is written to TB8 bit in SCON register. Alternatively, you can use the ninth bit as a command/data flag.
Figure 45. Data Frame Format (Modes 2 and 3)
Modes 2 and 3
D0
Start Bit
D1
D2
D3
D4
9-bit Data
D5
D6
D7
D8
Stop Bit
Transmission (Modes 1, 2
and 3)
To initiate a transmission, write to SCON register, setting SM0 and SM1 bits according
to Table 64, and setting the ninth bit by writing to TB8 bit. Then, writing the byte to be
transmitted to SBUF register starts the transmission.
Reception (Modes 1, 2 and 3)
To prepare for a reception, write to SCON register, setting SM0 and SM1 bits according
to Table 64, and setting REN bit. The actual reception is then initiated by a detected
high-to-low transition on the RXD pin.
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Framing Error Detection
(Modes 1, 2 and 3)
Framing error detection is provided for the three asynchronous modes. To enable the
framing bit error detection feature, set SMOD0 bit in PCON register as shown in
Figure 46.
When this feature is enabled, the receiver checks each incoming data frame for a valid
stop bit. An invalid stop bit may result from noise on the serial lines or from simultaneous
transmission by two devices. If a valid stop bit is not found, the software sets FE bit in
SCON register.
Software may examine FE bit after each reception to check for data errors. Once set,
only software or a chip reset clear FE bit. Subsequently received frames with valid stop
bits cannot clear FE bit. When the framing error detection feature is enabled, RI rises on
stop bit instead of the last data bit as detailed in Figure 36.
Figure 46. Framing Error Block Diagram
Framing Error
Controller
FE
1
SM0/FE
0
SCON.7
SM0
SMOD0
PCON.6
Baud Rate Selection (Modes 1
and 3)
In modes 1 and 3, the Baud Rate is derived either from the Timer 1 or the Internal Baud
Rate Generator and allows different baud rate in reception and transmission.
As shown in Figure 47 the selection is done using RBCK and TBCK bits in BDRCON
register.
Figure 48 gives the baud rate calculation formulas for each baud rate source while
Table 65 details Internal Baud Rate Generator configuration for different peripheral
clock frequencies and giving baud rates closer to the standard baud rates.
Figure 47. Baud Rate Source Selection (Modes 1 and 3)
T1
CLOCK
IBRG
CLOCK
0
1
T1
CLOCK
÷ 16
To Serial
Reception Port
IBRG
CLOCK
0
1
RBCK
TBCK
BDRCON.2
BDRCON.3
÷ 16
To serial
Transmission Port
Figure 48. Baud Rate Formulas (Modes 1 and 3)
Baud_Rate =
2
6
⋅ FPER
⋅ 32 ⋅ (256 -BRL)
SMOD1
(1-SPD)
2SMOD1 ⋅ FPER
6 ⋅ 32 ⋅ (256 -TH1)
2SMOD1 ⋅ FPER
BRL = 256 - (1-SPD
6
⋅ 32 ⋅ Baud_Rate
2SMOD1 ⋅ FPER
TH1 = 256 192 ⋅ Baud_Rate
a. BRG Formula
b. T1 Formula
)
90
Baud_Rate =
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A/T8xC5121
Table 65. Internal Baud Rate Generator Value
FPER = 6 MHz1
FPER = 8 MHz1
Baud Rate
SPD
SMOD1
BRL
Error %
SPD
SMOD1
BRL
Error %
115200
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
57600
-
-
-
-
1
1
247
3.55
38400
1
1
246
2.34
1
1
243
0.16
19200
1
1
236
2.34
1
1
230
0.16
9600
1
1
217
0.16
1
1
204
0.16
4800
1
1
178
0.16
1
1
152
0.16
FPER = 12 MHz2
Baud Rate
SPD
SMOD1
BRL
Error %
SPD
SMOD1
BRL
Error %
115200
-
-
-
-
1
1
247
3.55
57600
1
1
243
0.16
1
1
239
2.12
38400
1
1
236
2.34
1
1
230
0.16
19200
1
1
217
0.16
1
1
204
0.16
9600
1
1
178
0.16
1
1
152
0.16
4800
1
1
100
0.16
1
1
48
0.16
Notes:
Baud Rate Selection (Mode 2)
FPER = 16 MHz2
1. These frequencies are achieved in X1 mode, FPER = FOSC ÷ 2.
2. These frequencies are achieved in X2 mode, FPER = FOSC.
In mode 2, the baud rate can only be programmed to two fixed values: 1/16 or 1/32 of
the peripheral clock frequency.
As shown in Figure 49, the selection is done using SMOD1 bit in PCON register.
Figure 50 gives the baud rate calculation formula depending on the selection.
Figure 49. Baud Rate Generator Selection (Mode 2)
PER
CLOCK
³2
0
³ 16
To Serial Port
1
SMOD1
PCON.7
Figure 50. Baud Rate Formula (Mode 2)
Baud_Rate =
2SMOD1 ⋅ FPER
32
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 66. BRL (S:91h)
BRL Register
Baud Rate Generator Reload Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BRL7
BRL6
BRL5
BRL4
BRL3
BRL2
BRL1
BRL0
Bit
Number
7-0
Bit
Mnemonic Description
BRL7:0
Baud Rate Reload Value.
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
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Table 67. SCON Register
SCON (S:98h)
Serial Control Registe
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
FE/SM0
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
TI
RI
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic
FE
Description
Framing Error bit
To select this function, set SMOD0 bit in PCON register.
Set by hardware to indicate an invalid stop bit.
Must be cleared by software.
7
SM0
6
SM1
Serial Port Mode bit 0
To select this function, clear SMOD0 bit in PCON register.
Software writes to bits SM0 and SM1 to select the Serial Port operating mode.
Refer to SM1 bit for the mode selections.
Serial Port Mode bit 1
To select this function, set SMOD0 bit in PCON register.
Software writes to bits SM1 and SM0 to select the Serial Port operating mode.
SM0
SM1 Mode Description
Baud Rate
0
0
0
Shift Register FOSC /12 or variable if SRC bit in BDRCON is set
0
1
1
8-bit UART
Variable
1
0
2
9-bit UART
FOSC /32 or FOSC/64
1
1
3
9-bit UART
Variable
5
SM2
Serial Port Mode bit 2
Software writes to bit SM2 to enable and disable the multiprocessor communication and automatic address
recognition features.
This allows the Serial Port to differentiate between data and command frames and to recognize slave and broadcast
addresses.
4
REN
Receiver Enable bit
Clear to disable reception in mode 1, 2 and 3, and to enable transmission in mode 0.
Set to enable reception in all modes.
3
TB8
Transmit bit 8
Modes 0 and 1: Not used.
Modes 2 and 3: Software writes the ninth data bit to be transmitted to TB8.
2
RB8
Receiver bit 8
Mode 0: Not used.
Mode 1 (SM2 cleared): Set or cleared by hardware to reflect the stop bit received.
Modes 2 and 3 (SM2 set): Set or cleared by hardware to reflect the ninth bit received.
1
TI
Transmit Interrupt flag
Set by the transmitter after the last data bit is transmitted.
Must be cleared by software.
0
RI
Receive Interrupt flag
Set by the receiver after the stop bit of a frame has been received.
Must be cleared by software.
Reset Value = XXX0 0000b
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 68. BDRCON Register
BDRCON
Baud Rate Control Register (9Bh)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
BRR
TBCK
RBCK
SPD
SRC
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
BRR
Baud Rate Run Control bit
Clear to stop the Baud Rate.
Set to start the Baud Rate.
3
TBCK
Transmission Baud rate Generator Selection bit for first UART
Clear to select Timer 1 for the Baud Rate Generator.
Set to select internal Baud Rate Generator.
2
RBCK
Reception Baud Rate Generator Selection bit for first UART
Clear to select Timer 1 for the Baud Rate Generator.
Set to select internal Baud Rate Generator.
1
SPD
Baud Rate Speed Control bit for first UART
Clear to select the SLOW Baud Rate Generator when SRC = 1.
Set to select the FAST Baud Rate Generator when SRC = 1.
0
SRC
Baud Rate Source select bit in Mode 0 for first UART
Clear to select FOSC/12 as the Baud Rate Generator.
Set to select the internal Baud Rate Generator.
Reset Value = XXX0 0000b
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Table 69. SIOCON Register
Serial Input Output Configuration Register
Register (91h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PMSOEN1
PMSOEN0
-
-
CPRES
RES
EVAUTO
VEXT0
VEXT1
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic Description
Output Enable function on Txd/P3.1 and T0/P3.4:
PMSOEN1 PMSOEN0
7-6
PMOSEN1 0
0
PMOS is always off (reset value)
PMOSEN0 0
1
PMOS is always driven according to P3.1 or P3.4 value
1
0
PMOS is driven only when OE is high
1
1
PMOS is driven only when OE is low
5-4
-
3
CPRES
RES
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Card Presence pull-up resistor
0 Internal pull-up is connected
1 Internal pull-up is disconnected
EVCC Auto setup
2
EVAUTO
Set to enable the Automatic mode of EVCCregulator
Clear to disable the Automatic mode of EVCC regulator
EVCC voltage configuration:
VEXT0 VEXT1
1-0
VEXT0
0
0
VEXT1
0
1
EVCC = 1.8V
1
0
EVCC = 2.3V
1
1
EVCC = 2.7V
Power-down, EVCC is external (reset value)
Reset Value = 00XX 0000b
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4164G–SCR–07/06
Hardware Watchdog
Timer
The WDT is intended as a recovery method in situations where the CPU may be subjected to software upset. The WDT consists of a 14-bit counter and the Watchdog Timer
ReSeT (WDTRST) SFR. The WDT is by default disabled from exiting reset. To enable
the WDT, user must write 01EH and 0E1H in sequence to the WDTRST, SFR location
0A6H. When WDT is enabled, it will increment every machine cycle while the oscillator
is running and there is no way to disable the WDT except through reset (either hardware
reset or WDT overflow reset). When WDT overflows, it will drive an output RESET HIGH
pulse at the RST-pin.
Using the WDT
To enable the WDT, user must write 01EH and 0E1H in sequence to the WDTRST, SFR
location 0A6H. When WDT is enabled, the user needs to service it by writing to 01EH
and 0E1H to WDTRST to avoid WDT overflow. The 14-bit counter overflows when it
reaches 16383 (3FFFH) and this will reset the device. When WDT is enabled, it will
increment every machine cycle while the oscillator is running. This means the user must
reset the WDT at least every 16383 machine cycle. To reset the WDT the user must
write 01EH and 0E1H to WDTRST. WDTRST is a write only register. The WDT counter
cannot be read or written. When WDT overflows, it will generate an output RESET pulse
at the RST-pin. The RESET pulse duration is 96 x TCLK PERIPH, where T CLK PERIPH= 1/FCLK
PERIPH. To make the best use of the WDT, it should be serviced in those sections of code
that will periodically be executed within the time required to prevent a WDT reset.
To have a more powerful WDT, a 27 counter has been added to extend the Time-out
capability, ranking from 16 ms to 2s @ FOSCA = 12 MHz. To manage this feature, refer to
WDTPRG register description, Table 70. The WDTPRG register should be configured
before the WDT activation sequence, and can not be modified until next reset.
Table 70. WDTRST Register
WDTRST - Watchdog Reset Register (0A6h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reset Value = XXXX XXXXb
Write only, this SFR is used to reset/enable the WDT by writing 01EH then 0E1H in
sequence.
96
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A/T8xC5121
Table 71. WDTPRG Register
WDTPRG - Watchdog Timer Out Register (0A7h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
-
S2
S1
S0
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7
-
6
-
5
-
4
-
3
-
2
S2
WDT Time-out select bit 2
1
S1
WDT Time-out select bit 1
0
S0
WDT Time-out select bit 0
Reserved
The value read from this bit is undetermined. Do not try to set this bit.
S2 S1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
S0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Selected Time-out
(214 - 1) machine cycles, 16. 3 ms @ FOSCA =12 MHz
(215 - 1) machine cycles, 32.7 ms @ FOSCA=12 MHz
(216 - 1) machine cycles, 65. 5 ms @ FOSCA =12 MHz
(217 - 1) machine cycles, 131 ms @ FOSCA=12 MHz
(218 - 1) machine cycles, 262 ms @ FOSCA=12 MHz
(219 - 1) machine cycles, 542 ms @ FOSCA=12 MHz
(220 - 1) machine cycles, 1.05 ms @ FOSCA=12 MHz
(221 - 1) machine cycles, 2.09 ms @ FOSCA=12 MHz
Reset Value = XXXX X000
WDT during Power-down In Power-down mode the oscillator stops, which means the WDT also stops. While in
Power-down mode the user does not need to service the WDT. There are 2 methods of
and Idle
exiting Power-down mode: by a hardware reset or via a level activated external interrupt
which is enabled prior to entering Power-down mode. When Power-down is exited with
hardware reset, servicing the WDT should occur as it normally should whenever the
T8xC5121 is reset. Exiting Power-down with an interrupt is significantly different. The
interrupt is held low long enough for the oscillator to stabilize. When the interrupt is
brought high, the interrupt is serviced. To prevent the WDT from resetting the device
while the interrupt pin is held low, the WDT is not started until the interrupt is pulled high.
It is suggested that the WDT be reset during the interrupt service routine.
To ensure that the WDT does not overflow within a few states of exiting of powerdown, it
is better to reset the WDT just before entering powerdown.
In the Idle mode, the oscillator continues to run. To prevent the WDT from resetting the
T8xC5121 while in Idle mode, the user should always set up a timer that will periodically
exit Idle, service the WDT, and re-enter Idle mode.
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4132C–SCR–07/06
Electrical Characteristics
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Ambiant Temperature Under Bias ......................-25°C to 85°C
Storage Temperature ................................... -65°C to + 150°C
Voltage on VCC to VSS ........................................-0.5V to + 6.0V
Voltage on Any Pin to VSS .......................... -0.5V to VCC + 0.5V
DC Parameters
Note:
Stresses at or above those listed under “ Absolute
Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to
the device. This is a stress rating only and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure
to absolute maximum rating conditions may affect
device reliability.
TA = -40°C to +85°C; VSS = 0 V; VCC = 2.85V to 5.4V; F = 7.36 to 16 MHz
Table 72. Core DC Parameters (XTAL, RST, P0, P2, ALE, PSEN, EA)
Symbol
Parameter
Min
VIL
Input Low Voltage
-0.5
VIH
Input High Voltage
except XTAL1, RST
VIH1
Input High Voltage,
XTAL1, RST
VOL
Output Low Voltage,
Port 0 and 2
VOH
Output High Voltage,
Port 0 and 2
DICC
Digital Supply Output
Current
DVCC
Digital Supply
Voltage
Max
Unit
Test Conditions
0.2 VCC - 0.1
V
.2 VCC + .9
VCC + 0.5
V
0.7 VCC
VCC + 0.5
V
0.45
V
IOL = 1.6 mA
V
IOH = -40 µA
CL = 100 nF
0.9 x VCC
2.5
6
10
mA
2 .9
3.0
V
CL = 100 nF
DIcc=10mA
Icc
Normal Power Down
mode
80
100
µA
25°C
Icc
Pulsed Power Down
mode
20
30
µA
50°C Vcc=3V
Iccop
Power Supply
current
VCC = 5.4V and
Bootloader
execution
Iccop = 0.25 Freq (MHz) +4 mA
IccIDLE = 0.03 Freq (MHz) +5 mA
VPFDP
Power-fail high level
threshold
2 .55
V
VPFDM
Power-fail low level
threshold
2 .45
V
tG
trise, tfall
98
Typ
Power Fail glitch
time
VDD rise and fall
time
1 μs
50
ns
600
sec.
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
The operating conditions for ICC Tests are the following:
Figure 51. ICC Test Condition, Active Mode
VCC
VCC
ICC
VCC
VCC
LI
VCC
P0
RST
EA
XTAL2
XTAL1
(NC)
CLOCK SIGNAL
VSS
PLCC52 configuration
All other pins are disconnected.
Figure 52. ICC Test Condition, Idle Mode
VCC
VCC
ICC
VCC
P0
RST
(NC)
CLOCK SIGNAL
VCC
VCC
LI
EA
XTAL2
XTAL1
VSS
PLCC52 configuration
All other pins are disconnected.
Figure 53. ICC Test Condition, Power-down Mode
VCC
VCC
ICC
LI
VCC
VCC
P0
RST
(NC)
VCC
EA
XTAL2
XTAL1
VSS
PLCC52 configuration
All other pins are disconnected.
99
4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 73. Serial Interface DC parameters (P3.0, P3.1, P3.3 and P3.4)
Symbol
VIL
Parameter
Input Low Voltage
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions
-0.5
0.4
V
EVCC = 1.8V
-0.5
0.5
V
EVCC = 2.3V
-0.5
0.5
V
EVCC = 2.8V
External EVcc
Automatic EVcc
2.3
1.4
2.8
1.6
VIH
Input High Voltage
0.7 x EVCC
VOL
VOH
EICC
EVCC
3.3
2.0
EVCC
Output Low
Voltage
Output High
Voltage
EVCC = 1.8V
V
EVCC = 2.3V
V
EVCC = 2.8V
V
External EVCC
Automatic EVcc
0.4
V
IOL = 1.2 mA
1.6
1.8
V
EVCC = 1.8V IOH = 1 μA
1.8
2.3
V
EVCC = 2.3V
2.2
2.7
V
EVCC = 2.8V IOH = 10μA
0.8 x EVCC
EVCC
V
External EVCC
+3
mA
Extra Supply
Current
Extra Supply
Voltage
EVCC +
0.5
V
CL = 100 nF
1.6
1.7
1.8
V
CL = 100 nF, 1.8V
2.1
2.2
2.3
V
CL = 100 nF, 2.3V
2.6
2.7
2.8
V
CL = 100 nF, 2.8V
VCC
V
External EVCC
1.6
Automatic EVcc
Ts
Sampling time
Automatic EVcc
Table 74. LED outputs DC Parameters (P3.6 and P3.7)
Symbol
IOL
100
Parameter
Output Low
Current, P3.6 and
P3.7 LED modes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions
1
2
4
mA
2 mA configuration
2
4
8
mA
4 mA configuration
5
10
20
mA
10 mA configuration
(TA = -20°C to +50°C, VCC VOL = 2V ± 20%)
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Table 75. Smart Card 5V Interface DC Parameters
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
60
CVCC
Card Supply
Voltage
4.6
CVCC
Ripple on CVcc
105
Test Conditions
VCC = 5.4V
121
Card Supply
Current
CICC
Typ
mA
102
VCC = 4V
VCC = 2.85V
5.4
V
200
mV
CIcc = 60 mA
0<CIcc<60 mA
Maxi. charge 20 nA.s
CVCC
Spikes on CVcc
TVHLl
CVcc to 0
Note:
4.6
5.4
V
750
μs
Max. duration 400 ns
Max. variation CIcc 100 mA
(1)
CIcc = 0
CVcc = 5V to 0.4V (1)
1. Capacitor = 10 µF, X7R type. Maximum ESR value is 250 mohm, Inductor = 4.7 µH.
Table 76. Smart Card 3V Interface DC Parameters
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
110
Card Supply
Current
60
CVCC
Card Supply
Voltage
2.76
CVCC
Ripple on CVcc
CVCC
Spikes on CVcc
CICC
Typ
89
Test Conditions
VCC = 5.4V
mA
110
VCC = 4V
VCC = 2.85V
3.24
V
CIcc = 60 mA
200
mV
0<CIcc<60 mA
3.24
V
Max. charge 10 ns
2.76
Max. duration 400 ns
Max. variation CIcc 50 mA
CVcc to 0
TVHLl
Note:
750
μs
CIcc = 0
CVcc = 5V to 0.4V (1)
1. Capacitor = 10 µF, X7R type. Maximum ESR value is 250 mohm, Inductor = 4.7 µH.
Table 77. Smart Card 1.8V Interface DC Parameters
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
109
VCC = 5.4V
Card Supply
Current
20
CVCC
Card Supply
Voltage
1.68
1.92
V
CVCC
Spikes on CVcc
1.68
1.92
V
TVHLl
CVcc to 0
750
μs
CICC
Note:
100
Test Conditions
mA
82
VCC = 4V
VCC = 2.85V
CIcc = 20 mA
CIcc = 0
CVcc = 5V to 0.4V (1)
1. Capacitor = 10 µF, X7R type. Maximum ESR value is 250 mohm, Inductor = 4.7 µH.
101
4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 78. Smart Card Clock DC Parameters (Port P1.4)
Symbol
Parameter
Min
VOL
Output Low
Voltage
IOL
Output Low
Current
VOH
Output High
Voltage
Typ
Max
Unit
0(1)
0.2 x CV CC
V
0(1)
0.4
tR tF
0.7 x CVCC
CVCC
V
IOH = 20 μA (1.8V)
0.7 x CVCC
CVCC
V
IOH = 20 μA (3V)
CVCC - 0.5
CVCC
V
IOH = 50 μA (5V)
15
mA
16
CIN = 30 pF(5V)
22.5
CIN = 30 pF(3V)
50
0.4 x CVCC
-0.25
Note:
IOL = 50 μA (5V)
mA
Rise and Fall time
Voltage Stability
IOL = 20 μΑ (1.8,3 V)
15
Output High
Current
IOH
Test Conditions
CVCC +
0.25
CV CC-0.5
ns
V
CIN = 30 pF(1.8V)
Low level
High level
1. The voltage on CLK should remain between -0.3V and CVCC + 0.3V during dynamic
operation.
Table 79. Alternate Card Clock DC parameters (Port P3.6): 5V tolerant
Symbol
Parameter
Min
VOL
Output Low
Voltage
0 (1)
VOH
Output High
Voltage
tR tF
Rise and Fall
times
Note:
102
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions
0.2 x DVCC
0.5
V
0(1)
0.7 x DVCC
DVCC (1)
V
IOH = 20 μA
18
ns
CIN = 30 pF
IOL = 20 μA
IOL = -200 μA
1. The voltage on CLK should remain between -0.3V and VCC + 0.3V during dynamic
operation.
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Table 80. Smart Card I/O DC Parameters (P1.0)
Symbol
Parameter
VIL
Input Low Voltage
IIL
Input Low Current
VIH
Input High Voltage
IIH
Input High Current
Output Low
Voltage
VOL
IOL
Output Low
Current
VOH
Output High
Voltage
IOH
tR tF
Note:
Min
Typ
Max
0.5
0(1)
0.15 x
CVCC
0(1)
0.7 x CVCC
Unit
V
500
μA
CVCC
V
-20 / +20
μA
0.4
IIH = -20 μA
IOL = 1μA (5V)
V
0.3
IOL = 1 mA (3V)
IOL = 1 mA (1.8V)
15
mA
CVCC (1)
V
Output High
Current
15
mA
Rise and Fall
times
0.8
μs
0.8 x CVCC
IIL = 500 μA
IIL = 20 μA
0.4
0(1)
Test Conditions
IOH = 20 μA (5V,3V,1.8V)
CIN = 30 pF Output
1. The voltage on RST should remain between -0.3V and CVCC + 0.3V during dynamic
operation.
Table 81. Alternate Card I/O DC Parameters (P3.5) : 5V tolerant
Symbol
Parameter
Min
VIL
Input Low Voltage
VIH
Input High Voltage
VOL
Max
Unit
-0.3
0.2 x DVCC
V
IIL = 1 mA
0.7 x DVCC
DVCC + 0.3
V
IIH = -20 μA
Output Low
Voltage
0(1)
0.3
V
IOL = 1000 μA
VOH
Output High
Voltage
0.7 x DVCC
DVCC (1)
V
IOH = 20 μA
tR tF
Rise and Fall
delays
1
μs
CIN = 30 pF
Note:
Typ
Test Conditions
1. The voltage on I/O should remain between -0.3V and DVCC + 0.3V during dynamic
operation.
103
4164G–SCR–07/06
Table 82. Smart Card RST, CC4, CC8, DC Parameters (Port P1.5, P1.3, P1.1)
Symbol
Parameter
Output Low Voltage
VOL
Min
Typ
0(1)
0(1)
Max
Unit
0.12 x
CVCC
V
0.4
IOL
Output Low Current
15
mA
VOH
Output High Voltage
CVCC - 0.5
CVCC
V
0.8 x CVCC
CVCC (1)
IOH
Output High Current
15
mA
tR tF
Rise and Fall delays
0.8
μs
Voltage stability
Note:
IOL = 50 μΑ
IOH = 50 μΑ
CIN = 30 pF
Low level
CVCC +
0.25
CVCC -0.5
IOL = 20 μΑ
IOH = 20 μΑ
0.4 x CVCC
-0.25
Test Conditions
High level
1. The voltage on RST should remain between -0.3V and CVCC + 0.3V during dynamic
operation.
Table 83. Alternate Card RST DC Parameters (Port P3.7) : 5V tolerant
Symbol
Parameter
Min
VOL
Output Low Voltage
VOH
Output High Voltage
tR tF
Rise and Fall delays
Note:
Typ
Max
Unit
0 (1)
0.2 x DVCC
V
0.8 x DVCC
DVCC (1)
0.8 x DVCC
DVCC
400
V
μs
Test Conditions
IOL = 200 μΑ
IOH = 20 μΑ (1.8V)
IOH = 200 μΑ (3V)
CIN = 30 pF
1. The voltage on RST should remain between -0.3V and DVCC + 0.3V during dynamic
operation.
Table 84. Card Presence DC Parameters (P1.2)
Symbol
IOL1
104
Parameter
CPRES weak pullup output current
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
3
10
25
μA
Test Conditions
P1.2 = 1, short to VSS
(internal pull-up enabled)
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Typical Application
Figure 54. Typical Application Diagram
EVCC
L1
VCC
VCC
C1
4.7 µF
VSS
DVCC
C2
4.7 µH
LI
DVCC
or VCC
VSS
LED0 P3.6
CVSS
LED1
Serial Interface
OE
TxD
RxD
100nF
VSS
CVCC(1)(2)(3)
CVCC
(4)
RTS
C3
100nF
T0
10µF
C4
P3.7
VSS
P1.0 CIO
P1.1 CC8
P3.4
P1.3 CC4
P1.4 CCLK
INT1/OE P3.3
TxD
P3.1
RxD P3.0
100nF
C5
10 kohm
I/O
C8
C4
CLK(5)
22 pF
82 pF
C6
VSS
P1.5 CRST
C7
VSS
RST
Vcc
CPRES
P1.2
1Mohm
(optional resistor)
VCC
P3.5
VSS
CIO1
P3.7 CRST1
CCLK1
P3.6
VSS
RST
Alternate
Card
CLK
Resonator
or Quartz with standard
capacitors
Y1
VSS
Notes:
I/O
XTAL2
XTAL1
VSS
Positive
Detection
Mode
VSS
1. C4 and C5 must be placed near IC and have low ESR (<250mΩ)
2. Straight and short connections avoid any loop between:
- CVSS and VSS
- CVCC and C4, C5
3. VCC connection of the master card must be placed as follows:
cVCC
to card VCC
C4, C5
CVSS
4. Current is limited to 10 mA.
5. CCLK should be routed far from CRST, CIO, CC4, CC8 and armored by ground plane.
105
4164G–SCR–07/06
6. Distance between Device pads and Smart Card connector must be less than 4
centimeters.
7. C6,C7 should be as close as possible to the Smart Card connector to reduce noise
and interferences.
106
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Ordering Information
Code Memory
Size (Bytes)
Supply Voltage
Temperature
Range
Max Frequency
Package
Packing
Product
Marking
T83C5121xxxICSIL
16K ROM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial
16 MHz
SSOP24
Stick
83C5121-IL
T83C5121xxxICRIL
16K ROM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial
16 MHz
SSOP24
Tape & Reel
83C5121-IL
T83C5121xxxS3SIL
16K ROM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial
16 MHz
PLCC52(1)
Stick
83C5121-IL
T83C5121xxxS3RIL
16K ROM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial
16 MHz
PLCC52(1)
Tape & Reel
83C5121-IL
T85C5121-ICSIL
16K RAM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial
16 MHz
SSOP24
Stick
85C5121-IL
T85C5121-ICRIL
16K RAM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial
16 MHz
SSOP24
Tape & Reel
85C5121-IL
T85C5121-S3SIL
16K RAM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial
16 MHz
PLCC52
Stick
85C5121-IL
T85C5121-S3RIL
16K RAM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial
16 MHz
PLCC52
Tape & Reel
85C5121-IL
T89C5121-ICSIL
16K Flash RAM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial
16 MHz
SSOP24
Stick
89C5121-IL
T89C5121-ICRIL
16K Flash RAM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial
16 MHz
SSOP24
Tape & Reel
89C5121-IL
AT83C5121xxxICSUL
16K ROM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial &
Green
16 MHz
SSOP24
Stick
83C5121-UL
AT83C5121xxxICRUL
16K ROM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial &
Green
16 MHz
SSOP24
Tape & Reel
83C5121-UL
AT83C5121xxxPUTUL
16K ROM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial &
Green
16 MHz
QFN32
Tray
83C5121-UL
AT83C5121xxxPURUL
16K ROM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial &
Green
16 MHz
QFN32
Tray
83C5121-UL
AT83C5121xxxS3SUL
16K ROM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial &
Green
16 MHz
PLCC52(1)
Stick
83C5121-UL
AT83C5121xxxS3RUL
16K ROM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial &
Green
16 MHz
PLCC52(1)
Tape & Reel
83C5121-UL
AT85C5121ICSUL
16K RAM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial &
Green
16 MHz
SSOP24
Stick
85C5121-UL
AT85C5121ICRUL
16K RAM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial &
Green
16 MHz
SSOP24
Tape & Reel
85C5121-UL
AT85C5121S3SUL
16K RAM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial &
Green
16 MHz
PLCC52
Stick
85C5121-UL
AT85C5121S3RUL
16K RAM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial &
Green
16 MHz
PLCC52
Tape & Reel
85C5121-UL
AT89C5121ICSUL
16K Flash RAM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial &
Green
16 MHz
SSOP24
Stick
89C5121-UL
AT89C5121ICRUL
16K Flash RAM
2.85 - 5.4V
Industrial &
Green
16 MHz
SSOP24
Tape & Reel
89C5121-UL
Part Number
Note:
1. Contact Atmel for availability.
107
4164G–SCR–07/06
Package Drawings
SSOP24
108
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
PLCC52
109
4164G–SCR–07/06
QFN32
110
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Document Revision History for T8xC5121
Changes from 4164B 06/02 to 4164C - 07/03
1. Ports description update.
2. Added Bootloader Autobaud table.
3. Modified ICC test conditions Figure 51.
4. Added ICCOP power supply current characteristics.
5. Added ICCO pulsed power down mode current characteristics.
6. Modified Smart card characteristics : VCC/CV CC mixed.
Changes from 4164C 07/03 to 4164D - 12/03
1. Changed value of EMV to EMV2000. Section “Features”, page 1.
Changes from 4164D 12/03 to 4164E - 01/04
1. DVcc Min/Max values changed, page 96.
Changes from 4164E 01/04 to 4164F 11/05
1. Added green product ordering information.
Changes from 4164F
11/05 to 4164F 07/06
1. Added QFN32 package to ordering information.
2. Alternate Card Pads are 5V tolerant, page 99.
111
4164G–SCR–07/06
Table of
Contents
Features ................................................................................................. 1
Description ............................................................................................ 2
Block Diagram ...................................................................................... 2
Pin Description ..................................................................................... 3
Signals ...................................................................................................................5
Port Structure Description....................................................................................10
SFR Mapping ....................................................................................... 12
PowerMonitor ...................................................................................... 14
Description.......................................................................................................... 14
PowerMonitor Diagram ....................................................................................... 14
Power Monitoring and Clock Management ...................................... 16
Idle Mode ............................................................................................................ 16
Power-down Mode.............................................................................................. 16
Clock Management............................................................................. 22
Functional Block Diagram................................................................................... 22
X2 Feature ........................................................................................................... 23
Clock Prescaler.................................................................................................... 24
Clock Control Registers ...................................................................................... 24
DC/DC Clock ....................................................................................... 27
Clock Control Register........................................................................................ 27
Clock Prescaler................................................................................................... 27
Smart Card Interface Block (SCIB) ................................................... 29
Introduction ......................................................................................................... 29
Main Features..................................................................................................... 29
Block Diagram .....................................................................................................30
Functional Description ........................................................................................ 30
Other Features.....................................................................................................35
DC/DC Converter.................................................................................................37
Registers Description...........................................................................................38
Interrupt System ................................................................................. 47
INT1 Interrupt Vector .......................................................................................... 48
LED Ports Configuration .................................................................... 57
Registers Definition............................................................................................. 57
Dual Data Pointer ................................................................................ 58
i
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
A/T8xC5121
Memory Management ......................................................................... 60
Program Memory ................................................................................................
In-System Programming .....................................................................................
Protection Mechanisms ......................................................................................
Autobaud ............................................................................................................
Protection Mechanisms ......................................................................................
60
63
66
71
71
Timers/Counters ................................................................................. 73
Introduction ......................................................................................................... 73
Timer 0/Counter Operations ............................................................................... 73
Timer 0.................................................................................................................74
Timer 1.................................................................................................................77
Registers............................................................................................................. 78
Serial I/O Port ...................................................................................... 81
Framing Error Detection .....................................................................................
Automatic Address Recognition..........................................................................
UART Output Configuration................................................................................
UART Control Registers .....................................................................................
81
82
84
85
UART Timings ..................................................................................... 86
Mode Selection ................................................................................................... 86
Baud Rate Generator.......................................................................................... 86
Asynchronous Modes (Modes 1, 2 and 3) ...........................................................89
Hardware Watchdog Timer ................................................................ 96
Using the WDT ................................................................................................... 96
WDT during Power-down and Idle...................................................................... 97
Electrical Characteristics ................................................................... 98
Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................................... 98
DC Parameters ................................................................................................... 98
Typical Application ........................................................................... 105
Ordering Information........................................................................ 107
Package Drawings............................................................................ 108
SSOP24............................................................................................................ 108
PLCC52 .............................................................................................................109
QFN32 ...............................................................................................................110
Document Revision History for T8xC5121 ..................................... 111
Changes from 4164B -06/02 to 4164C - 07/03................................................. 111
Changes from 4164C - 07/03 to 4164D - 12/03................................................ 111
Changes from 4164D - 12/03 to 4164E - 01/04................................................ 111
ii
4164G–SCR–07/06
Changes from 4164E - 01/04 to 4164F 11/05 .................................................. 111
Changes from 4164F 11/05 to 4164F 07/06..................................................... 111
Table of Contents .................................................................................. i
iii
A/T8xC5121
4164G–SCR–07/06
Atmel Corporation
2325 Orchard Parkway
San Jose, CA 95131, USA
Tel: 1(408) 441-0311
Fax: 1(408) 487-2600
Regional Headquarters
Europe
Atmel Sarl
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Japan
Tel: (81) 3-3523-3551
Fax: (81) 3-3523-7581
Atmel Operations
Memory
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Theresienstrasse 2
Postfach 3535
74025 Heilbronn, Germany
Tel: (49) 71-31-67-0
Fax: (49) 71-31-67-2340
Microcontrollers
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Tel: 1(408) 441-0311
Fax: 1(408) 436-4314
La Chantrerie
BP 70602
44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France
Tel: (33) 2-40-18-18-18
Fax: (33) 2-40-18-19-60
ASIC/ASSP/Smart Cards
1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd.
Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA
Tel: 1(719) 576-3300
Fax: 1(719) 540-1759
Biometrics/Imaging/Hi-Rel MPU/
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Tel: (33) 4-76-58-30-00
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