ATMEL ATSAM9753

Features
• Interfaces Directly to Instrument Hardware
•
•
•
•
•
– Keyboard Velocity Scanner (Up to 88 Keys, 64 µs Time Accuracy, Log Timescale)
– Switch Scanner (Up to 176 Switches)
– LED Display Controller (Up to 88 LEDs)
– Slider Scanner (Built-in ADC, Up to 16 Sliders)
– LCD Display (8-bit Interface)
Crisp Musical Response
– 45 MHz Built-in 16-bit Microcontroller
– Interface with Keyboard/Switches through Built-in Shared Memory
High-quality Sound
– 64-slot Digital Sound Synthesizer/Processor
– Multi-algorithm: PCM with Dynamic LP Filter, FM, Delay Lines for Effects,
Equalizer, Surround, Digital Audio-in Processing
– Compatible with ATSAM97xx Sounds and Firmware
– 44.1 kHz Sampling Rate
– Up to 16 MB x 16 ROM/RAM for Firmware, Orchestration and PCM Data
– Up to 4 Channels Audio-out, 2 Channels Audio-in
Top Technology
– 144-lead TQFP Space-saving Package
– Single 11.2896 MHz Crystal Operation, Built-in PLL Minimizes RFI
Available Soundbanks for General MIDI®(GM)(1)or High-quality Piano
– CleanWave® 1-Mbyte and 4-Mbyte Sample Sets (Free License)
– High-quality 2-Mbyte Piano and Strings Sample Sets
– Other Sample Sets Available Under Special Licensing Conditions
Quick Time-to-market
– Proven Reliable Synthesis Drivers
– In-circuit Emulation with CodeView Debugger for Easy Prototype Development
– Built-in External Flash Programming Algorithm, Allows On-board Flash
Programming
– All Existing ATSAM97xx Tools Available for Sound and Sound-bank Development
Note:
Sound
Synthesis
ATSAM9753
Integrated
Digital Music
Instrument
1. General MIDI requires a license from Midi Manufacturers Association.
Description
The ATSAM9753 integrates into a single chip an ATSAM97xx core (64-slot DSP and
16-bit processor), a 32K x 16 RAM, an LCD display interface and a scanner, allowing
direct connection to velocity-sensitive keyboards, switches, LEDs and sliders. With the
addition of a single external ROM or Flash and a stereo DAC, a complete low-cost
musical instrument can be built that includes reverb and chorus effects, parametric
equalizer, surround effects, orchestrations, pitch-bend and wheel controller, without
compromising on sound quality. The ATSAM9753 is packaged in a standard 144-lead
TQFP package.
Rev. 1774D–DRMSD–11/02
1
Figure 1. Typical Application for the ATSAM9753
ROM
Keyboards
Switches
LEDs
LCD Display
Sliders
MIDI_IN/MIDI_OUT
ATSAM9753
DAC
Figure 2. ATSAM9753 Block Diagram
DACLK
DABD[1:0]
DAAD
CLBD
WSBD
RUN
64-slot DSP
with
Algorithms
in RAM
P16 Processor
256 x 16 RAM
512 x 16 ROM
32K x 16
SRAM
Memory
Management
Unit
MIDI UART
3 x Timers
Control and
Status Regs
DEBUG
X1
X2
LFT
RESET
PDWN
128 x 16
Scanning
RAM
Clock
and
PLL
MIDI_IN
MIDI_OUT
GPIO[4:0]
Keyboards
Switches
Sliders
LEDs
Scanning I/F
LCD
Display
Interface
2
WA[23:0]
WD[15:0]
RD
WR
CS[1:0]
XIO[1:0]
KBDIO
ROW[2:0]
BR[10:0]
MK[10:0]
8-bit
ADC
VREFP
VREFN
VIN
RS
RW
ENB
DB[7:0]
ATSAM9753
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
ATSAM9753
Pin Description
Table 1. Pin Description by Function
Pin Name
Pin Number
Type
Function
Power Supply(1)
GND
4, 17, 24, 32, 42, 52, 56,
65, 77, 90, 97, 102, 110,
125, 130, 140
PWR
Digital Ground
All pins should be connected to a ground plane.
AGND
103
PWR
Analog Ground for the ADC
VCC
5, 18, 31, 41, 51, 66, 78,
91, 111, 126, 139
PWR
Power Supply, 3.3V/5V ± 10%
All pins should be connected to a VCC plane.
VC3
23, 55, 96, 101, 129
PWR
Core power, +3.3V nominal (3.3V ± 10%).
All VC3 pins should be returned to +3.3V.
AVC3
107
PWR
Analog power for the ADC, +3.3V nominal (3.3V ± 10%)
Serial MIDI
MIDI_IN
94
IN
Serial MIDI_IN
MIDI_OUT
95
OUT
Serial MIDI_OUT
External PCM ROM/RAM/I/O
WA[23:0]
47 - 50, 53, 54, 57 - 64,
67 - 76
OUT
External memory I/O address. Up to 16M x 16 for direct ROM/RAM
connection.
WD[15:0]
19 - 22, 25 - 30, 33 - 38
I/O
External memory I/O data. Data is read (input) when RD is low, written
(output) when WR is low.
RD
39
OUT
External ROM/RAM/peripherals read
WR
40
OUT
External RAM/peripherals write
CS[1:0]
43, 44
OUT
Programmable chip selects. Can be configured to handle several ROMs or
mixed RAM/ROM/FLASH.
XIO[1:0]
45, 46
OUT
External peripherals chip select. Each peripheral maps onto 4K bytes
address space for optional further decoding.
Keyboard, Switches, LEDs, Sliders, Scanning
KBDIO
119
OUT
If 1: BR[10:0] and MK[10:0] hold keyboard contact input data.
If 0: BR[10:0] holds switch status input, MK[10:0] holds LED data output.
ROW[2:0]
115 - 117
OUT
Row select: Keyboard, switches/LEDs, external slider analog multiplexer
(4051) channel select. Eight rows combined with eleven BR/MK columns
allow to control 88 keys, 88 switches, 88 LEDs and 8 sliders. The
programmable bit GPIO0 allows control to be extended to 176 switches and
16 sliders when programmed as ROW3.
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1774D–DRMSD–11/02
Table 1. Pin Description by Function (Continued)
Pin Name
Pin Number
Type
Function
BR[10:0]
1 - 3, 135 - 138, 141 - 144
IN
Keyboard contact 1/switch status. When KBDIO = 1 then BR[10:0] holds the
keyboard key-off or first contact status. This can be configured as normally
closed (spring type), normally open (rubber type), common anode or
common cathode contact diodes. When KBDIO = 0 then BR[10:0] holds the
switch status from ROW[2:0] or ROW[3:0].
MK[10:0]
120 - 124,127, 128,
131 - 134
I/O
Keyboard contact 2/LED data. When KBDIO =1 then MK[10:0] holds the
keyboard key-on or second contact status. This can be configured as
common anode or common cathode contact diodes.When KBDIO = 1 then
MK[10:0] holds the led data from ROW[2:0].
VREFP
106
ANA
Positive reference voltage. Should normally be connected to a clean AVC3
supply.
VREFN
105
ANA
Negative reference voltage. Should normally be connected to a clean AGND.
VIN
104
ANA
Slider analog input. Ranges from VREFN to VREFP. Should hold the
ROW[2:0] or ROW[3:0] slider voltage. Multiple sliders should be connected
through external analog multiplexer(s) like 4051.
LCD Display Interface(2)
RS
16
OUT
Select instruction (LOW) or data (HIGH).
RW
15
OUT
Select write (LOW) or read (HIGH).
ENB
14
OUT
Enable, active high.
DB[7:0]
6 - 13
I/O
Bi-directional data bus.
Digital Audio Group(3)
DACLK
93
OUT
Master clock for sigma-delta DAC (256 x Fs).
DABD[1:0]
89, 92
OUT
Serial data for two stereo output channels.
DAAD
88
IN
Serial data for one stereo input channel.
CLBD
86
OUT
Digital audio bit clock.
WSBD
87
OUT
Digital audio left/right select.
Miscellaneous Pins
GPIO[4:0]
108, 109, 112 - 114
I/O
These pins can be used individually as general-purpose I/Os or as alternate
functions. When used as general-purpose I/Os, they can be individually
configured as inputs or outputs. When used as alternate functions their
meaning changes as follows:
GPIO0 = ROW3 expands switches to 176, sliders to 16
GPIO2 = DBCLK (input)
GPIO3 = DBACK (output)
GPIO4 = DBDATA (I/O) (DBDATA input = DBIN, DBDATA output = DBOUT)
DBCLK, DBACK, DBDATA are used for debugging or external Flash memory
programming when DEBUG is low
DEBUG
85
IN
Configuration pin, low for CodeView debugging/external Flash memory
programming. Should be tied to VCC for normal operation.
RESET
83
IN
Reset input, active low. This is a Schmitt trigger input, allowing direct
connection of a RC network.
RUN
118
OUT
Indicates that the DSP is up and running. Can be used as external DAC
reset.
4
ATSAM9753
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
ATSAM9753
Table 1. Pin Description by Function (Continued)
Pin Name
Pin Number
Type
Function
PDWN
84
IN
Power down, active low. When power down is active, all output pins are
floating except GPIO1. The crystal oscillator is stopped. To exit from powerdown mode, PDWN should be high and RESET applied.
X1
X2
98, 99
–
11.2896 MHz (nominal) crystal connection. An external clock can also be
used at X1.
TEST[3:0]
79 - 82
IN
Test pins, should be grounded
LFT
100
–
PLL external RC network
Notes:
1. Like all high-speed HCMOS ICs proper decoupling is mandatory for reliable operation and RFI reduction. The recommended
decoupling is 100 nF at each corner of the IC with an additional 10 µF bulk capacitor close to the X1, X2 pins.
2. The LCD display interface signals are controlled by firmware, therefore, their timing relationship is determined by firmware
only.
3. The ATSAM9753 connects to a variety of stereo DACs or Codecs from 16 to 20 bits, with Japanese or I2S format. This
includes AD1857JRS, AK4352, AK4393, AK4528, PCM1718, PCM1739, PCM3001, TDA1543, TDA1545 . When Japanese
format is used, only 16 bits is supported without external circuitry.
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1774D–DRMSD–11/02
Table 2. Pinout by Pin Number
Pin Number
Pin Name
Pin Number
Pin Name
Pin Number
Pin Name
Pin Number
Pin Name
1
BR8
37
WD1
73
WA3
109
GPIO1
2
BR9
38
WD0
74
WA2
110
GND
3
BR10
39
RD
75
WA1
111
VCC
4
GND
40
WR
76
WA0
112
GPIO2
5
VCC
41
VCC
77
GND
113
GPIO3
6
DB7
42
GND
78
VCC
114
GPIO4
7
DB6
43
CS1
79
TEST0
115
ROW0
8
DB5
44
CS0
80
TEST1
116
ROW1
9
DB4
45
XIO1
81
TEST2
117
ROW2
10
DB3
46
XIO0
82
TEST3
118
RUN
11
DB2
47
WA23
83
RESET
119
KBDIO
12
DB1
48
WA22
84
PDWN
120
MK10
13
DB0
49
WA21
85
DEBUG
121
MK9
14
ENB
50
WA20
86
CLBD
122
MK8
15
RW
51
VCC
87
WSBD
123
MK7
16
RS
52
GND
88
DAAD
124
MK6
17
GND
53
WA19
89
DABD0
125
GND
18
VCC
54
WA18
90
GND
126
VCC
19
WD15
55
VC3
91
VCC
127
MK5
20
WD14
56
GND
92
DABD1
128
MK4
21
WD13
57
WA17
93
DACLK
129
VC3
22
WD12
58
WA16
94
MIDI_IN
130
GND
23
VC3
59
WA15
95
MIDI_OUT
131
MK3
24
GND
60
WA14
96
VC3
132
MK2
25
WD11
61
WA13
97
GND
133
MK1
26
WD10
62
WA12
98
X1
134
MK0
27
WD9
63
WA11
99
X2
135
BR0
28
WD8
64
WA10
100
LFT
136
BR1
29
WD7
65
GND
101
VC3
137
BR2
30
WD6
66
VCC
102
GND
138
BR3
31
VCC
67
WA9
103
AGND
139
VCC
32
GND
68
WA8
104
VIN
140
GND
33
WD5
69
WA7
105
VREFN
141
BR4
34
WD4
70
WA6
106
VREFP
142
BR5
35
WD3
71
WA5
107
AVC3
143
BR6
36
WD2
72
WA4
108
GPIO0
144
BR7
6
ATSAM9753
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
ATSAM9753
Absolute Maximum
Ratings
Table 3. Absolute Maximum Ratings (All Voltages with Respect to 0V, GND = 0V)
Ambient Temperature (Power Applied)...............-40°C to + 85°C
*NOTICE:
Storage Temperature.........................................-65°C to + 150°C
Voltage on any pin (except X1)......................-0.5V to VCC + 0.5V
Voltage on X1 pin ..........................................-0.5V to VC3 + 0.5V
VCC Supply Voltage...............................................-0.5V to + 6.5V
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute
Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and
functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions beyond those indicated in the
operational sections of this specification is not
implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
condtions for extended periods may affect device
reliability.
VC3 Core Supply Voltage.......................................-0.5V t0 +4.5V
AVC3 Supply Voltage..............................................-0.5V t0 +4.5V
Maximum IOL per I/O pin.....................................................10mA
Recommended
Operating Conditions
Table 4. Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
VCC
Supply voltage (I/O)
3
3.3/5.0
5.5
V
VC3
Supply voltage (Core)
3
3.3
3.6
V
AVC3
Supply voltage (Analog)
3
3.3
3.6
V
tA
Operating ambient temperature
0
70
°C
DC Characteristics
Table 5. DC Characteristics (TA = 25°C, VCC = 5V ± 10%, VC3 = 3.3V ± 10%)
Symbol
Parameter
VCC
Min
VIL
Low-level input voltage
3.3
5.0
-0.5
-0.5
VIH
High-level input voltage
3.3
5.0
2.3
3.3
VOL
Low-level output voltage at IOL = 3.2 mA(1)
3.3
5.0
VOH
High-level output voltage at IOH = -0.8 mA (2)
3.3
5.0
ICC Core
ICC I/O
Power supply current
(Crystal frequency = 11.2896 MHz)
3.3
5.0
Power down supply current
Notes:
Typ
3
Max
Unit
1.0
1.7
V
VCC + 0.5
VCC + 0.5
V
0.45
0.45
V
2.8
4.5
V
60
20
80
30
mA
1
2
µA
1. IOL: Low-level output current.
2. IOH: High-level output current.
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1774D–DRMSD–11/02
Product Overview
The ATSAM9753 is part of a new generation of integrated solutions for electronic musical instruments. The device includes all key circuitry on a single silicon chip: sound
synthesizer/processor, 16-bit control processor, interface with keyboards, switches, sliders, LEDs, LCD display, etc.
The synthesis/sound processing core of the ATSAM9753 is taken from the ATSAM97xx
series, the quality of which has already been demonstrated through dozens of different
musical products: electronic pianos, home keyboards, professional keyboards, classical
organs and sound expanders. The maximum polyphony is 64 voices without effects. A
typical application is 38-voice polyphony with reverb, chorus, 4-band equalizer and
surround.
The ATSAM9753 is directly compatible with most available musical keyboards. This
includes configuration options for spring- or rubber-type contacts and for common
anode- or common cathode-type matrices. A 64 µs timing accuracy for velocity detection provides a very reliable dynamic response even with low-cost unweighted
keyboards. The time between contacts is coded with 256 steps on a logarithmic time
scale, then converted by software to a 128-step MIDI scale according to the type of keyboard and selected keyboard sensitivity.
The ATSAM9753 can handle directly up to 176 switches. Switches, organized in matrix
form, require only a serial diode. Up to 88 LEDs can be directly controlled by the
ATSAM9753 in a time-multiplexed way. Additional LEDs can be connected through
additional external shift registers using the GPIO lines (general-purpose I/O lines) of the
ATSAM9753. The built-in analog-to-digital converter of the ATSAM9753 allows connection of continuous controllers like pitch-bend wheel, modulation, volume sliders, tempo
sliders, etc. Up to 16 sliders can be connected.
The ATSAM9753 can be directly connected to most LCD displays through an 8-bit dedicated data bus and three control signals.
Configuration options allow the ATSAM9753 to cover a wide range of musical products,
from the lowest-cost keyboard to the high-range digital piano, thanks to flexible memory
and I/O organization: built-in 64K bytes of RAM and up to 32M bytes of external memory
for firmware, orchestration and PCM data. The external memory can be ROM, RAM or
Flash. Memory types can be mixed, but for most applications there is no need for external RAM memory as the built-in 64K bytes of RAM is enough to handle firmware
variables and reverb delay lines. External Flash memory can be programmed on-board
from a host processor through the ATSAM9753.
The ATSAM9753 operates from a single 11.2896 MHz crystal. A built-in PLL raises the
frequency to 45.2 MHz for internal processing. This allows radio frequency interference
(RFI) to be minimized, making it easier to comply with FCC, CSA and CE standards.
A power-down feature is also included which can be controlled externally (PDWN pin).
This makes the ATSAM9753 very suitable for battery-operated instruments.
The ATSAM9753 was designed with a rapid time-to-market in mind. The ATSAM9753
product development program includes key features to minimize product development
efforts:
•
•
•
•
•
•
8
Specialized debug interface, allowing on-target software development with a source
code “CodeView” debugger
Standard sound generation/processing firmware
Standard orchestration firmware
Windows® tools for sounds, soundbanks and orchestration developments
Standard soundbanks
Strong technical support available directly from Dream®
ATSAM9753
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
ATSAM9753
Architectural
Overview
The highly integrated architecture from ATSAM9753 combines a specialized high-performance RISC-based digital signal processor (DSP) and a general-purpose 16-bit
CISC-based control processor (P16). An on-chip memory management unit (MMU)
allows the DSP and the control processor to share an internal 32K x 16 RAM as well as
external ROM and/or RAM memory devices. An intelligent peripheral I/O interface function handles other I/O interfaces, such as the on-chip MIDI UART and three timers, with
minimum intervention from the control processor. A keyboard/switches/sliders/LEDs
autonomous scanning interface handles the specific musical instrument peripherals,
including accurate keyboard velocity detection and communicates with the control processor through a dedicated 128 x 16 dual-port RAM. An LCD display interface allows
direct connection to common LCD displays.
DSP Engine
The DSP engine operates on a frame-timing basis with the frame subdivided into 64
process slots. Each process is itself divided into 16 micro-instructions known as algorithms. Up to 32 DSP algorithms can be stored on-chip in the Alg RAM memory,
allowing the device to be programmed for a number of audio signal generation/processing applications.
The DSP engine is capable of generating 64 simultaneous voices using algorithms such
as wavetable synthesis with interpolation, alternate loop and 24 dB resonant filtering for
each voice. Slots may be linked together (ML RAM) to allow implementation of more
complex synthesis algorithms.
A typical musical instrument application will use a little more than half the capacity of the
DSP engine for synthesis, thus providing state-of-the-art 38-voice synthesis polyphony.
The remaining processing power may be used for typical functions such as reverberation, chorus, surround effect, equalizer, etc.
Frequently-accessed DSP parameter data are stored into five banks of on-chip RAM
memory. Sample data or delay lines that are accessed relatively infrequently are stored
in external ROM, or in the built-in 32K x 16 RAM. The combination of localized microprogram memory and localized parameter data allows micro-instructions to execute in
22 ns (45 MIPS). Separate buses from each of the on-chip parameter RAM memory
banks allow highly parallel data movement to increase the effectiveness of each microinstruction. With this architecture, a single micro-instruction can accomplish up to six
simultaneous operations (add, multiply, load, store, etc.), providing a potential throughput of 270 million operations per second (MOPS).
P16 Control Processor
and I/O Functions
The P16 control processor is a general-purpose 16-bit CISC processor core, which runs
from external memory. A debug ROM is included on-chip for easy development of firmware directly on the target system. This ROM also contains the necessary code to
directly program externally connected Flash memory. The P16 includes 256 words of
local RAM data memory for use as registers, scratchpad data and stack.
The P16 control processor writes to the parameter RAM blocks within the DSP core in
order to control the synthesis process. In a typical application, the P16 control processor
parses and interprets incoming commands from the MIDI UART or from the scanning
interface and then controls the DSP by writing into the parameter RAM banks in the
DSP core. Slowly changing synthesis functions, such as LFOs, are implemented in the
P16 control processor by periodically updating the DSP parameter RAM variables.
The P16 control processor interfaces with other peripheral devices, such as the system
control and status registers, the on-chip MIDI UART, the on-chip timers and the scanning interface through specialized “intelligent” peripheral I/O logic. This I/O logic
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1774D–DRMSD–11/02
automates many of the system I/O transfers to minimize the amount of overhead processing required from the P16.
Memory Management
Unit (MMU)
The Memory Management Unit (MMU) block allows external ROM and/or RAM memory
resources to be shared between the synthesis/DSP and the P16 control processor. This
allows a single ROM device to serve as sample memory storage for the DSP and as
program storage for the P16 control processor. An internal 32K x 16 RAM is also connected to the MMU, allowing RAM resources to be shared between the DSP for delay
lines and the P16 for program data.
Scanning Interface
The scanning interface consists of hardwired logic. It time-multiplexes keyboards,
switches and LED connections, thus minimizing the amount of wiring required. It communicates with the P16 through an 128 x 16 dual-port RAM and a few control registers.
When a new incoming event is detected, such as key-on, key-off or switch change, the
scanning interface will notify the P16 by indicating the type of event. The P16 then simply reads the dual-port RAM to get the corresponding parameter, such as velocity or
switch status. Conversely, the P16 simply writes into the dual-port RAM the LED states
to be displayed and the scanning interface will then take care of time-multiplexing the
display.
The scanning interface uses an unique key velocity detect scheme with a pseudo-logarithmic time scale. This allows velocities to be accurately detected, even when keyboard
keys are pressed very softly.
Finally, a built-in 8-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) allows the connection of up to
16 continuous controllers through external analog multiplexers such as the 4051.
LCD Display Interface
The LCD display interface uses a dedicated bi-directional data bus (DB[7:0]), an instruction/data control (RS), a read/write signal (R/W) and an enable signal (ENB). Built-in
features are included to accommodate even the slowest LCD displays.
Flash Programming
The ATSAM9753 enables Flash memory programming in three different ways:
Flash Features
10
•
Blank Flash programming is done by the debug interface. This mode is very slow
and should be reserved for the initial boot sector programming.
•
Program update. All the Flash content can be re-programmed. The ATSAM9753
cannot play music during the Flash erase and programming. A specific firmware is
used to program Flash with the DSP.
•
Parameter update, e.g., in keyboard applications, backup parameter and sequencer
song. If the Flash enables concurrent read while program/erase, it is possible to
backup parameters in the upper memory plane while the microprocessor firmware is
running on the lower plane. The ATSAM9753 cannot play music during the
parameter backup because sound samples are stored in both memory planes.
•
3.3V or 5V: In case of 3.3V, the I/O voltage VCC should be supplied by 3.3V and all
the external components (MIDI, DAC, …) should be 3.3V
•
Access time: 100 ns (for 11.2896 MHz crystal)
•
Bottom boot
•
Dual plane with concurrent read while program/erase recommended for parameters
backup
ATSAM9753
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
ATSAM9753
Timing Diagrams
All timings are relative to 11.2896 MHz crystal between X1 and X2.
Figure 3. Scanning Timings (Keyboard, Switches, LEDs and Sliders) Timing Diagram
tIO
tKBD
tSCLK
SCLK
KBDIO
ROW[2:0]
BR[10:0]
MK[10:0]
tKA
tIOA
tKD
tIOD
tKA
tKD
tIOH
tIOG
VIN
tVA
tVD
Table 6. Scanning Timing Parameters
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
tKBD
Keyboard access (KBDIO high time)
1.4
µs
tIO
Switches/leds access (KBDIO low time)
4.3
µs
tSCLK
Internal scanning clock period
354
ns
tKA
Break (contact1) and Make (contact2) data from keyboard valid
from rising KBDIO
tKD
Break (contact1) and Make (contact2) data from Keyboard
floating from rising KBDIO
tIOA
Switch data valid from falling KBDIO
tIOD
Switch data floating from falling KBDIO
tIOG
LED data MK guard time
tIOH
1.2
µs
1.6
µs
4
µs
4.1
4.4
µs
177
27
ns
LED data floating from rising KBDIO
0
88
ns
tVA
Analog VIN sample start time from ROW change (Start sample
and hold voltage follow mode)
1
tVD
Analog VIN sample end time from ROW change (Switch to hold
mode)
1.3
µs
2.2
µs
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External Memory
(16 bits)
Figure 4. External ROM, RAM, I/O Timing Diagram
tCSDV
tRWHCSH
CS0
CS1
RD
WR
tRW
tRWDV
tRWDX
WD[15:0]
tAVDV
tRWHADX
WA[23:0]
Table 7. External ROM, RAM, I/O Timing Parameters
Symbol
Parameter
Min
tCSDV
Access time from CSx low
106
ns
tRWDV
Access time from RD, WR low
61
ns
tAVDV
Access time from address valid
106
ns
tRW
RD, WR pulse width
tRWHCSH
CSx high from rising RD or WR
10
ns
tRWHADX
Address valid after rising RD or WR
10
ns
tRWDX
Data hold time from rising RD or WR
10
ns
12
Typ
89
Max
Unit
ns
ATSAM9753
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
ATSAM9753
Digital Audio
Figure 5. Digital Audio Timing Diagram
tCW
tCLBD
tCW
WSBD
CLBD
tSOD
tSOD
DABDx
DAAD
Table 8. Digital Audio Timing Parameters
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
tCW
CLBD rising to WSBD change
167
ns
tSOD
DABDx valid prior to/after CLBD rising
167
ns
tCLBD
CLBD cycle time
354
ns
Figure 6. Digital Audio Frame
WSBD
(I 2S)
WSBD
(Japanese)
CLBD
DABDx
DAAD
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MSB
LSB
(16 Bits
MSB
LSB
(20 Bits)
LSB
(18 Bits)
13
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
Crystal
Compensation and
LFT Filter
Figure 7. Recommended Crystal Compensation and LFT Filter (1), (2), (3), (4)
X1
98
99
C4
22 pF
100
C1
22 pF
X1
X2
LFT
R1
100Ω
C2
2.2 nF
C3
10 nF
GND
Notes:
14
1. All GND pins should be connected to GND plane below IC.
2. All VCC pins should be connected to VCC plane below IC.
3. X1, C1, C2, C3, C4, R1 connections should be short and shielded. The GND return
from C1, C4, C3, should be the GND plane from ATSAM9753.
4. 0.1 µF decoupling caps should be placed at each corner of the IC. An additional 10
µF capacitor should be placed close to X1.
ATSAM9753
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
A
B
C
8
VIN
BR10
BR9
BR8
BR7
BR6
BR5
BR4
BR3
BR2
BR1
BR0
MK10
MK9
MK8
MK7
MK6
MK5
MK4
MK3
MK2
MK1
MK0
ROW2
ROW1
ROW0
KBDIO/
GND
3
2
1
HC238
C
B
A
Y7
Y6
Y5
Y4
Y3
Y2
Y1
Y0
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
7
GND
3
2
1
IC?
HC238
C
B
A
G2B
G2A
G1
5
NOTE: Other keyboards contact type (BK/MK) and/or diode
orientation can also be used
6
4
VCC
BSn
(x 8)
BR10
BR9
BR8
BR7
BR6
BR5
BR4
BR3
BR2
BR1
BR0
S7
S6
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
BR10
BR9
BR8
BR7
BR6
BR5
BR4
BR3
FATAR KEYBOARD
BR2
88 NOTES
BR1
BR0
(rubber type)
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
MK10
MK9
MK8
2
MK7
MK6
MK5
(up to 88
MK4
switches + leds)
MK3
MK2
MK1
MK0
Y7
Y6
Y5
Y4
Y3
Y2
Y1
Y0
MK10
MK9
MK8
MK7
MK6
MK5
MK4
MK3
MK2
MK1
MK0
T7
T6
T5
T4
T3
T2
T1
T0
VCC
5
4
6
1
2
G2B
G2A
G1
2
3
1
1
3
1
IC?
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
5
1
12
15
14
13
9
10
11
6
U?
GND
VCC
4051
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
X2
X1
X0
C
B
A
INH
X
Monday, March 18, 2002
2
Document Number
9753TPIO.SHT
D ate:
Sheet
1
ATSAM9753 - TYPICAL KBD/SWITCH/LED/SLIDERS
2
Size
B
Title
2
ATMEL - DREAM SA -
2
GND
NOTE: number of sliders can be increased to 16
By using additional 4051 and ROW3 from ATSAM9753
3
1
5
4
6
3
3
1
NOTE: Number of switches can be increased to 176
using additional HC238 and ROW3 from ATSAM9253
4
3
1
5
3
1
6
3
1
TO ATSAM9753
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
3
D
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
7
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
3
1
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
1
8
1
3
1
of
1
Rev
A
B
C
D
ATSAM9753
Reference Design
Typical Keyboard, Switch LED and Slider Connections
15
ATSAM9753
Operation
The reader is assumed to be familiar with the functioning of the ATSAM97xx series.
Refer to the ATSAM9707 product development kit “prgdvkit.pdf” document. This document can be obtained under special conditions from Atmel.
This section describes operation and registers specific to ATSAM9753.
Memory Mapping
Table 9. Memory Mapping
I/O Mapping
Size
(in words)
Address Low
Address High
Access
256
000:0000
000:00FF
ATSAM97xx standard routine ROM
768
000:0100
000:03FF
Built in debug ROM
32M - 1K
000:0400
1FF:FFFF
External ROM/Flash (CS0)
32K
200:0000
200:7FFF
Built in SRAM
4K
200:8000
200:8FFF
External memory page XIO0 (XIO0)
4K
200:9000
200:9FFF
External memory page XIO1 (XIO1)
216K
200:A000
203:FFFF
Not used
32M - 256K
204:0000
2FF:FFFF
External SRAM (CS1)
The I/O Mapping Table refers to the ATSAM9707 product development kit “prgdvkit.pdf”
available from Atmel.
Table 10. I/O Mapping
LCD Interface
Write
Read
Access
00 - 09
00 - 09
Standard ATSAM97xx I/O (Refer to
prgdvkit.pdf)
0A
0A
LCD port
0B
X
Keyboard configuration
0C - 0E
0C - 0E
Scanning port ADD0 - 2
0F
0F
GPIO control/status
The ATSAM9753 can be directly connected to most LCD displays.
The ATSAM9753 provides an 8-bit data bus (DB[7:0]) and three output control pins RS,
RW and ENB.
All the LCD pins are controlled by I/O access ADD OAH. The I/O reads only the 8-bit
data bus. The I/O writes into the 11-bit LCD_Reg. Refer to Table 11 and Table 12.
Table 11. LCD Interface
16
LCD_Reg[7:0]
DB[7:0]
LCD_Reg[8]
RS
LCD_Reg[9]
RW
LCD_Reg[10]
ENB
ATSAM9753
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
ATSAM9753
Table 12. LCD Interface
I/O Access
I/O Data
LCD_Reg[10:0]
DB[7:0]
Write
IOD[10:0]
(IOD[9]=0)
IOD[10:0]
LCD_Reg[9]=0
IOD[7:0] output
0
Set LCD in write mode
Write
IOD[10:0]
(IOD[9]=1)
IOD[10:0]
LCD_Reg[9]=1
LCD_D[7:0] input
1
Set LCD in read mode
Read
xx
LCD_Reg[9]=0
LCD_Reg[7:0] output
0
Invalid read from LCD in write mode
Read
xxx,
LCD_D[7:0]
LCD_Reg[9]=1
LCD_D[7:0] input
1
Read from LCD
Keyboard Configuration
Register
R/W
The configuration register allows the user to work with a variety of keyboards. This writeonly 2-bit register is mapped to the address OBH in the I/O space.
Reg[0] = contact type
0 for rubber type contact
1 for spring type contact
Reg[1] = diode wiring
0 for common anode wiring
1 for common cathode wiring
The default configuration (power-up) is common anode (Reg[1] = 0) and rubber contact
(Reg[0] = 0) which corresponds to most popular keyboards.
Scanning Interface
The ATSAM9753 has built-in specialized hardware that allows the following functions:
•
Scanning of up to 88 keys from an external keyboard, with key-on and key-off
velocity measurement (time between contacts)
•
Scanning of up to 176 switches
•
Time multiplex control of up to 88 LEDs
•
Analog-to-digital conversion of up to 16 analog sources
The P16 interfaces with the scanning using a three-address port located at 0CH to 0EH
in the I/O mapping.
This port enables access to the keyboard RAM. This 128 x 11 RAM is mapped as
shown in Table 13.
Table 13. Keyboard RAM Mapping
Keyboard Status
Address
Content
00H to 57H
Key velocity and status
58H to 5FH
LED data
60H to 6FH
Switch status
70H to 7FH
ADC value
(I/O address OCH read-only)
D[7] KRQ flag = 1 indicates that a key-on or key-off has been detected and that the P16
service is requested. This flag is automatically cleared by writing to data H for the
detected key.
17
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
D[6:0] specifies which keyboard key is requesting the service, valid only if KRQ flag = 1.
Key number ranges from 0 to 87.
RAM Address
(I/O address OCH write-only)
D[6:0] RAM address css
D[7] don't care
Table 14. RAM Address
Address
Index
Content
00H to 57H
8 x i + ROW[2:0]
Key velocity and status
58H to 5FH
ROW[2:0]
LED data
60H to 6FH
ROW[3:0]
Switch status
70H to 7FH
ROW[3:0]
ADC value
“i” refers to the MKi or BRi signal number that ranges from 0 to 10. For example, the
information regarding the key at ROW3, column MK5/BR5, is found at RAM address
8*5+3 = 43.
The scanning hardware cycles the ROW[2:0] signals from 0 to 7 to the output pins in 45
µs (5.7 µs per row). If the alternate function ROW3 is not used, then the switch status
and ADC value information are aliased (data from 68H to 6FH = data from 60H to 6FH,
data from 78H to 7FH = data from 70H to 77H).
18
ATSAM9753
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
ATSAM9753
RAM Data
DataL[7:0]
I/O address ODH, Data[7:0]
DataH[2:0]
I/O address OEH, Data[10:8]
DataH[7:3]
don't care
Table 15. Scanning RAM Data Format
Bit
10
9
8
Key Velocity and Status
SRQ
ON
BUSY
LED Data
MK10
MK9
MK8
MK7
MK6
MK5
MK4
Switch Data
BR10
BR9
BR8
BR7
BR6
BR5
BR4
ADC Status
X
X
X
•
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MK3
MK2
MK1
MK0
BR3
BR2
BR1
BR0
TIME
ADC DATA
Key Velocity and Status:
–
SRQ: If 1, indicates that the velocity detection is complete and that this key
requests attention from the P16. In this case BUSY = 0, ON and TIME hold
valid information.
–
ON: 1 indicates key-on, 0 indicates key-off. Valid only if SRQ = 1.
–
BUSY: Used internally by the scanning hardware, indicates “velocity
detection in progress”.
–
TIME: From 0 to 255, valid only if SRQ = 1, indicates the time between
contacts in multiples of 45 µs. Set to 255 if the time is greater or equal to
256*45 µs.
•
LED Data: The P16 should write to these locations the MK information which should
appear to the MK[10:0] pins at ROW[2:0] time.
•
Switch Data: These fields hold the BR information read from the BR[10:0] pins at
ROW[3:0] time.
•
ADC Status: These fields represent the analog voltage at VIN pin at ROW[3:0] time,
from 0 (VIN = VREFN) to 0FFH (VIN = VREFP).
19
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
GPIO
The pins GPIO[3:0] in normal mode are controlled by the ATSAM97xx configuration and
control/status registers (refer to prgdvkit.pdf).
The ATSAM9753 additional GPIO control/status register controls GPIO[3:0] alternate
mode and GPIO4 normal and alternate mode.
The GPIO register is located at address 0xF in the I/O mapping.
Table 16. GPIO Mapping
7
X
x
6
GPIO4 Output Enable
x
5
GPIO1 Alt
x
4
GPIO0 Alt
x
3
GPIO4 Data
Debug/ pin
2
GPIO4 Alt data (DBOUT)
GPIO4 pin (DBDATA)(1)
1
GPIO3 Alt data (DBACK)(1)
GPIO Reg[1] (DBACK)(1)
0
GPIO4 Output Enable(1)
GPIO4 Input Enable(1)
Note:
(1)
1. Only available in Debug Mode.
Table 17. GPIO0
Normal
Input Mode
Normal
Output Mode
Alt Output
Mode(1)
ATSAM97xx_config_Reg[0] (I/O add0)
0
1
1
ATSAM9753_GPIO_Reg[4] (I/O addF)
x
0
1
Note:
1. In alternate output mode, GPIO0 = ROW3.
Refer to description of pins ROW[2:0] in Table 1 on page 3.
Table 18. GPIO1
Normal
Input Mode
Normal
Output Mode
Alt Output
Mode(1)
ATSAM97xx_config_Reg[1]
0
1
1
ATSAM9753_GPIO_Reg[5]
x
0
1
Normal
Input Mode
Normal
Output Mode
Alt Output
Mode(1)
ATSAM97xx_config_Reg[2]
0
1
x
DEBUG Pin
1
1
0
Table 19. GPIO2
Note:
20
1. In alternate output mode, GPIO2 is configured as input and assumed as DBCLK
(ATSAM9753_GPIO[0]).
ATSAM9753
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
ATSAM9753
Table 20. GPIO3
Normal
Input Mode
Normal
Output Mode
Alt Output
Mode(1)
ATSAM97xx_config_Reg[3]
0
1
x
DEBUG Pin
1
1
0
Note:
1. In alternate output mode, GPIO3 is configured as output and GPIO3 = DBACK
(ATSAM9753_GPIO_reg[1]).
Table 21. GPIO4
Normal
Input Mode
Normal
Output Mode
Alt Output
Mode(1)
Alt Output
Mode(1)
ATSAM9753_GPIO_Reg[6]
0
1
x
x
ATSAM9753_GPIO_Reg[0]
x
x
0
1
DEBUG Pin
1
1
0
0
Note:
1. In alternate mode, GPIO4 is used for serial debug data:
In input, ATSAM9753_GPIO[2] (DBIN) = GPIO4
In output, GPIO4 = ATSAM9753_GPIO_Reg[2] (DBOUT).
21
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
Mechanical
Dimensions
Figure 8. 144-lead TQFP Package Drawing
Table 22. 144-lead TQFP Package Dimensions (in millimeters)
Min
Nom
Max
A
1.40
1.50
1.60
A1
0.05
0.10
0.15
A2
1.35
1.40
1.45
D
21.90
22.00
22.10
D1
19.90
20.00
20.10
E
21.90
22.00
22.10
E1
19.90
20.00
20.10
L
0.45
0.60
0.75
P
B
22
0.50
0.17
0.22
0.27
ATSAM9753
1774D–DRMSD–11/02
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1774D–DRMSD–11/02
0M