ATMEL AT88SC3216CRF-MY1

Features
• A Family of Devices with User Memories of 4 Kbits to 64 Kbits
• Contactless 13.56 MHz RF Communications Interface
⎯ ISO/IEC 14443-2:2001 Type B Compliant
⎯ ISO/IEC 14443-3:2001 Type B Compliant Anticollision Protocol
⎯ Tolerant of Type A Signaling for Multi-Protocol Applications
• Integrated 82 pF Tuning Capacitor
• User EEPROM Memory Configurations:
⎯ 64 Kbits Configured as Sixteen 512 byte (4 Kbit) User Zones [AT88SC6416CRF]
⎯ 32 Kbits Configured as Sixteen 256 byte (2 Kbit) User Zones [AT88SC3216CRF]
CryptoRF®
Specification
⎯ 16 Kbits Configured as Sixteen 128 byte (1 Kbit) User Zones [AT88SC1616CRF]
⎯ 8 Kbits Configured as Eight
128 byte (1 Kbit) User Zones [AT88SC0808CRF]
⎯ 4 Kbits Configured as Four
128 byte (1 Kbit) User Zones [AT88RF04C]
⎯ Byte, Page, and Partial Page Write Modes
⎯ Self Timed Write Cycle
• 256 byte (2 Kbit) Configuration Memory
⎯ User Programmable Application Family Identifier (AFI)
⎯ User-defined Anticollision Polling Response
⎯ User-defined Keys and Passwords
AT88RF04C
AT88SC0808CRF
AT88SC1616CRF
AT88SC3216CRF
AT88SC6416CRF
⎯ Read-Only Unique Die Serial Number
• High Security Features
⎯ Selectable Access Rights by Zone
⎯ 64-bit Mutual Authentication Protocol (under license of ELVA)
⎯ Encrypted Checksum
⎯ Stream Encryption using 64-bit Key
⎯ Four Key Sets for Authentication and Encryption
⎯ Four or Eight 24-bit Password Sets
⎯ Password and Authentication Attempts Counters
⎯ Anti-tearing Function
⎯ Tamper Sensors
• High Reliability
⎯ Endurance : 100,000 Write Cycles
⎯ Data Retention : 10 Years
5276C–RFID–3/09
Description
The CryptoRF® family integrates a 13.56 MHz RF interface with CryptoMemory® security features. This product line is ideal for
RF tags and contactless smart cards that can benefit from advanced security and cryptographic features. The device is
optimized as a contactless secure memory for secure data storage without the requirement of an internal microprocessor.
For communications the RF interface utilizes the ISO/IEC 14443–2 and –3 Type B bit timing and signal modulation schemes,
and the ISO/IEC 14443-3 Slot-MARKER Anticollision Protocol. Data is exchanged half duplex at a 106k bit per second rate, with
a two byte CRC_B providing error detection capability. The RF interface powers the other circuits, no battery is required. Full
compliance with the ISO/IEC 14443 –2 and –3 standards provides both a proven RF communication interface, and a robust
anticollision protocol.
The five products in the CryptoRF family contain 4 Kbits to 64 Kbits of User Memory plus 2 Kbits of Configuration Memory. The
2 Kbits of Configuration Memory contains read/write password sets, four crypto key sets, security access registers for each user
zone, and password/key registers for each zone.
The CryptoRF command set is optimized for a multi-card RF communications environment. A programmable AFI register allows
this IC to be used in numerous applications in the same geographic area with seamless discrimination of cards assigned to a
particular application during the anticollision process.
Figure 1.
Block Diagram
RF Interface
AC1
ifi
er
Regulator
VDD
VSS
Password
Verification
AC2
Clock
Extraction
Data
Extraction
2
EEPROM
Data Transfer
R
ec
t
Over
Voltage
Clamp
Modulator
C
Command
and
Response
Frame
Formatting
and
Error
Detection
Interface
Anticollision
Authentication
Encryption
and
Certification
Unit
Random Number
Generator
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Table of Contents
Features
.................................................................................................................................................. 1
Description
.................................................................................................................................................. 2
1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.1. Communications .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.2. Scope............................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3. Conventions..................................................................................................................................... 5
2. User Memory............................................................................................................................................ 7
3. Configuration Memory ............................................................................................................................ 8
4. Command Set .......................................................................................................................................... 9
5. Anticollision Command Definitions..................................................................................................... 10
5.1. REQB / WUPB Polling Commands [$05] ...................................................................................... 10
5.2. Slot MARKER Command [$s5]...................................................................................................... 13
5.3. ATTRIB Command [$1D]............................................................................................................... 15
5.4. HLTB Command [$50]................................................................................................................... 18
6. Active State Command Definitions...................................................................................................... 19
6.1. Response Format .......................................................................................................................... 19
6.2. Set User Zone Command [$c1] ..................................................................................................... 21
6.3. Read User Zone Command [$c2].................................................................................................. 23
6.4. Read User Zone (Large Memory) Command [$c2] ....................................................................... 25
6.5. Read User Zone Command with Integrated MAC [$c2] [88RF] ................................................... 27
6.6. Write User Zone Command [$c3] .................................................................................................. 30
6.7. Write User Zone (Large Memory) Command [$c3] ....................................................................... 33
6.8. Write User Zone Command with Integrated MAC [$c3] [88RF] ................................................... 36
6.9. Write System Zone Command [$c4].............................................................................................. 39
6.10. Write System Zone Command with Integrated MAC [$c4] [88RF]............................................... 42
6.11. Write System Zone Command, Write Fuse Byte Option [$c4] ...................................................... 45
6.12. Read System Zone Command [$c6] ............................................................................................. 48
6.13. Read System Zone Command, Read Fuse Byte Option [$c6]...................................................... 51
6.14. Read System Zone Command, Read Checksum Option [$c6]..................................................... 54
6.15. Verify Crypto Command [$c8] ....................................................................................................... 56
6.16. Send Checksum Command [$c9].................................................................................................. 59
6.17. DESELECT Command [$cA]......................................................................................................... 61
6.18. IDLE Command [$cB].................................................................................................................... 62
6.19. Check Password Command [$cC]................................................................................................. 63
7. Transaction Flow ................................................................................................................................... 66
8. Absolute Maximum Ratings*................................................................................................................ 67
9. Reliability................................................................................................................................................ 67
10. Electrical Characteristics ..................................................................................................................... 68
10.1. Tamper Detection .......................................................................................................................... 68
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5276C–RFID–3/09
Appendix A. Terms and Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... 69
Appendix B. Standards and Reference Documents ................................................................................ 74
Appendix C. User Memory Maps ............................................................................................................... 75
Appendix D. Configuration Memory Maps ............................................................................................... 80
Appendix E. Device Personalization ......................................................................................................... 84
Appendix F. Secure Personalization [88RF] ........................................................................................... 88
Appendix G. Security Fuses....................................................................................................................... 91
Appendix H. Configuration of Password and Access Control Registers.............................................. 94
Appendix I. Using Password Security ................................................................................................... 101
Appendix J. Using Authentication Communication Security .............................................................. 106
Appendix K. Using Encryption Communication Security..................................................................... 115
Appendix L. Understanding Anti-Tearing .............................................................................................. 125
Appendix M. Personalization of the Anticollision Registers ................................................................ 129
Appendix N. Understanding Anticollision .............................................................................................. 134
Appendix O. The ISO/IEC 14443 Type B RF Signal Interface................................................................ 136
Appendix P. RF Specifications and Characteristics ............................................................................. 140
Appendix Q. Transaction Time ................................................................................................................ 144
Appendix R. 88RF PICC Backward Compatibility.................................................................................. 148
Appendix S. Ordering Information .......................................................................................................... 150
Appendix T. Errata .................................................................................................................................... 155
Appendix U. Revision History.................................................................................................................. 157
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
1.
Introduction
The CryptoRF family consists of devices in the AT88SCxxxxCRF and AT88RFxxC catalog number series. The first
generation devices are assigned catalog numbers in the AT88SCxxxxCRF series. The second generation devices are
assigned catalog numbers in the AT88RFxxC series. Several security options have been added to the second
generation devices to enhance system security.
1.1.
Communications
All personalization and communication with this device is performed through the RF interface. The IC includes an
integrated tuning capacitor, enabling it to operate with only the addition of a single external coil antenna.
The RF communications interface is fully compliant with the electrical signaling and RF power specifications in ISO/IEC
14443-2 for Type B only. Anticollision operation and frame formatting are compliant with ISO/IEC 14443-3 for Type B
only.
1.2.
Scope
This CryptoRF Specification document includes all specifications for the Normal, Authentication, and Encryption modes
of CryptoRF operation.
1.3.
Conventions
ISO/IEC 14443 nomenclature is used in this specification where applicable. The following abbreviations are utilized
throughout this document. Additional terms are defined in Appendix A.
• PCD:
• PICC:
• RFU:
Proximity Coupling Device – is the reader/writer and antenna.
Proximity Integrated Circuit Card – is the tag/card containing the IC and antenna.
Reserved for Future Use – is any feature, memory location, or bit that is held as reserved for future use by
the ISO standards committee or by Atmel.
• $xx:
Hexadecimal Number – denotes a hex number “xx” (Most Significant Bit on left).
• xxxxb: Binary Number – denotes a binary number “xxxx” (Most Significant Bit on left).
• 88SC: CryptoRF devices in the AT88SCxxxxCRF catalog number series.
• 88RF: CryptoRF devices in the AT88RFxxC catalog number series.
This document contains the specifications for AT88SCxxxxCRF and AT88RFxxC CryptoRF devices. Any specification
that applies only to first generation AT88SCxxxxCRF devices references: "88SC" devices, "88SC" PICCs, or contain
"[88SC]" in the section title. Any specification that applies only to second generation AT88RFxxC devices references:
"88RF" devices, "88RF" PICCs, or contain "[88RF]" in the section title. Specifications that apply to all devices are
referred to as CryptoRF specifications.
Each command / response exchange between the PCD and PICC is formatted as shown in Figure 2. The bytes are
shown in the order in which they are transmitted, with PCD transmissions in the left column, and PICC transmissions in
the right column.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
Each byte contains one or more fields as indicated by lines drawn vertically within the byte. The field in the left half of
the byte is the upper nibble of the byte, and the field to the right is the lower nibble of the byte. In Figure 2, five fields
contain values ($1D, $00, $F, $51, $0), four fields contain field names (“Addr”, “XX”, “CID”, “Data”), and four fields
contain error detection codes (CRC1, CRC2).
Figure 2.
Example Command and Response Format
Reader
$1D
Command First Byte >
$00
Command Second Byte >
ADDR
Command Third Byte >
Command Fourth Byte >
Command Fifth Byte >
PICC
$F
XX
$51
CRC First Byte >
CRC1
CRC Second Byte >
CRC2
TR2
Response First Byte >
$0
CID
Response Second Byte >
DATA
CRC First Byte >
CRC1
CRC Second Byte >
CRC2
The CRC error detection codes are calculated using all of the previous bytes in the command or response and are
appended to each command and response to allow detection of RF communication errors. These bytes are required by
ISO/IEC 14443-3:2001 and are usually calculated and verified in the reader hardware.
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
2.
User Memory
The User EEPROM Memory characteristics are summarized in Table 1. User Memory is divided into equally sized User
Zones. Access to the User Zones is allowed only after security requirements have been met. These security
requirements are defined by the user in the configuration memory during personalization of the device. The default
configuration is open read/write access to all user memory zones. For User Memory Maps see Appendix C.
Table 1.
CryptoRF User Memory Characteristics
CryptoRF
Part Number
User Memory Size User Memory Organization
Write Characteristics
Bits
Bytes
# Zones
Bytes/Zones
Standard Write
Anti-Tearing Write
AT88RF04C
4K
512
4
128
1 to 16 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC0808CRF
8K
1K
8
128
1 to 16 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC1616CRF
16K
2K
16
128
1 to 16 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC3216CRF
32K
4K
16
256
1 to 32 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC6416CRF
64K
8K
16
512
1 to 32 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
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5276C–RFID–3/09
3.
Configuration Memory
The configuration memory consists of 2048 bits of EEPROM memory used for storing system data, passwords, keys,
codes, and access control registers for each user zone. Access rights to the configuration memory are defined in the
control logic and cannot be altered by the user. These access rights include the ability to program certain portions of
the configuration memory and then lock the data written through use of the security fuses. The Read System Zone and
Write System Zone commands are used to access the configuration memory. For Configuration Memory Maps see
Appendix D.
Table 2.
8
Configuration Memory Characteristics
CryptoRF
Part Number
Password Sets
AT88RF04C
4 Sets
AT88SC0808CRF
Key Sets
OTP Memory
Transport Password
Free For Customer Use
PW Index
Password
4 Sets
25 Bytes
$07
$30 1D D2
8 Sets
4 Sets
27 Bytes
$07
$40 7F AB
AT88SC1616CRF
8 Sets
4 Sets
27 Bytes
$07
$50 44 72
AT88SC3216CRF
8 Sets
4 Sets
27 Bytes
$07
$60 78 AF
AT88SC6416CRF
8 Sets
4 Sets
27 Bytes
$07
$70 BA 2E
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
4.
Command Set
The CryptoRF command set contains two types of commands: Anticollision commands, and Active State commands.
Anticollision commands are explicitly defined in ISO/IEC 14443-3:2001. The CryptoRF Active State commands are
Atmel defined commands that are compliant with the ISO/IEC 14443-3:2001 requirements.
The CryptoRF Active State commands contain the CID code that is assigned to a card when it is selected during the
anticollision process. See the ATTRIB command for coding of the CID bits.
Table 3.
Coding of the Command Byte for the Anticollision Command Set
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
REQB/WUPB
$05
0
1
0
1
Slot MARKER
$s5
Slot Number
Command Name
Hexadecimal
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
ATTRIB
$1D
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
HLTB
$50
Table 4.
Bit 7
Coding of the Command byte for the CryptoRF Active State Command Set.
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Command Name
Hexadecimal
CID
0
0
0
1
Set User Zone
$c1
CID
0
0
1
0
Read User Zone
$c2
CID
0
0
1
1
Write User Zone
$c3
CID
0
1
0
0
Write System Zone
$c4
CID
0
1
1
0
Read System Zone
$c6
CID
1
0
0
0
Verify Crypto
$c8
CID
1
0
0
1
Send Checksum
$c9
CID
1
0
1
0
DESELECT
$cA
CID
1
0
1
1
IDLE
$cB
CID
1
1
0
0
Check Password
$cC
All Other Values Are Not Supported
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5276C–RFID–3/09
5.
Anticollision Command Definitions
Commands in this section are arranged in order by the hexadecimal code in the command byte.
5.1.
REQB / WUPB Polling Commands [$05]
The REQB / WUPB command is used to search for PICCs in the RF field. The command and response are ISO/IEC
14443-3:2001 compliant.
Reader
Command >
PICC
$05
AFI
PARAM
CRC1
CRC2
ATQB Response >
$50
SUCCESS RESPONSE
PUPI 0
System Zone Byte $00
PUPI 1
System Zone Byte $01
PUPI 2
System Zone Byte $02
PUPI 3
System Zone Byte $03
APP 0
System Zone Byte $04
APP1
System Zone Byte $05
APP 2
System Zone Byte $06
APP 3
System Zone Byte $07
Protocol 1
$00
Protocol 2
System Zone Byte $08
Protocol 3
$51
CRC1
CRC2
5.1.1. Operation
The “Request B” (REQB) and “Wake-Up B” (WUPB) commands are used to probe the RF field for Type B PICCs as the
first step in the anticollision process. The response to an REQB or WUPB command is the “Answer to Request B”
(ATQB). PICCs in the Active State are not permitted to answer this command.
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5.1.2. Command Field Descriptions
AFI:
The Application Family Identifier (AFI) is used to select the family and sub-family of cards which the PCD
is targeting. Only PICCs with a matching AFI code are permitted to answer an REQB or WUPB
command. Table 5 describes the AFI matching criteria. An AFI of $00 activates all Type B PICCs.
Table 5.
AFI matching criteria for polling commands received by the PICC.
AFI
High Bits
AFI
Low Bits
REQB/WUPB Polling produces a
PICC response from:
$0
$0
All Families and sub-families
“X”
$0
All sub-families of Family “X”
“X”
“Y”
Only sub-family “Y” of Family “X”
$0
“Y”
Proprietary sub-family “Y” Only
“Y” = $1 to $F
“X” = $1 to $F
PARAM:
The PARAM byte is used to send two parameters to the PICC. The parameter “N”, which assigns the
number of anticollision slots, and the REQB / WUPB selection bit.
Figure 3.
Definition of the PARAM byte in the REQB/WUPB command.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
0
0
0
0
RW
Table 6.
Bit 1
Bit 0
N
Coding of “N”, the number of anticollision slots, in the PARAM byte.
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
N
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
4
0
1
1
8
1
0
0
16
1
0
1
RFU
1
1
0
RFU
1
1
1
RFU
Table 7.
CRC:
Bit 2
Coding of the REQB / WUPB selection bit in the PARAM byte.
Bit 3
Command
0
REQB
1
WUPB
Communication error detection bytes.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
5.1.3. Response Field Descriptions
PUPI:
PseudoUnique PICC Identifier. This is the card ID used for anticollision, stored in the System Zone.
APP:
Application Data. Information about the card or application, stored in the System Zone.
The fourth byte of the application data field, APP3, is programmed by Atmel with a memory density code at the factory
to permit easy identification of different card sizes. The memory density codes programmed by Atmel are shown in
Table 8.
Table 8.
Default value of APP3 is the CryptoRF Memory Density Code
Device Number
Density Code
AT88RF04C
$22
AT88SC0808CRF
$33
AT88SC1616CRF
$44
AT88SC3216CRF
$54
AT88SC6416CRF
$64
Protocol:
ISO/IEC 14443 communication capabilities reported to the PCD.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
5.1.4. Error Handling
If an REQB or WUPB command containing errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is sent.
5.1.5. Notes
The REQB and WUPB commands are identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs.
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5.2.
Slot MARKER Command [$s5]
The Slot MARKER command can be used to separately identify multiple PICCs in the RF field. The command and
response are ISO/IEC 14443-3:2001 compliant.
Reader
Command >
S
PICC
$5
CRC1
CRC2
ATQB Response >
$50
SUCCESS RESPONSE
PUPI 0
System Zone Byte $00
PUPI 1
System Zone Byte $01
PUPI 2
System Zone Byte $02
PUPI 3
System Zone Byte $03
APP 0
System Zone Byte $04
APP1
System Zone Byte $05
APP 2
System Zone Byte $06
APP 3
System Zone Byte $07
Protocol 1
$00
Protocol 2
System Zone Byte $08
Protocol 3
$51
CRC1
CRC2
5.2.1. Operation
Slot MARKER is an optional command used to perform ISO/IEC 14443-3 Type B anticollision using the timeslot
approach. Immediately after an REQB or WUPB command with “N” greater than 1 is issued, and the ATQB response
(if any) is received, the PCD will transmit Slot MARKER commands with slot values “S” of 2 to “N” to define the start of
each timeslot for anticollision. If the random number “R” selected by the PICC matches “S” then the PICC responds
with ATQB. PICCs in the Active State are not permitted to answer this command.
5.2.2. Command Field Description
S:
The slot number “S” is encoded within the command byte as shown in Table 9.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
Table 9.
Coding of the slot number within the Slot MARKER command byte.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Slot
0
0
0
0
Not Supported
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
1
1
4
0
1
0
0
5
0
1
0
1
6
0
1
1
0
7
0
1
1
1
8
1
0
0
0
9
1
0
0
1
10
1
0
1
0
11
1
0
1
1
12
1
1
0
0
13
1
1
0
1
14
1
1
1
0
15
1
1
1
1
16
5.2.3. Response Field Description
PUPI:
PseudoUnique PICC Identifier. This is the card ID used for anticollision, stored in the System Zone.
APP:
Application Data. Information about the card or application, stored in the System Zone.
Protocol:
ISO/IEC 14443 communication capabilities reported to the PCD.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
5.2.4. Error Handling
If a Slot MARKER command containing errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is sent.
5.2.5. Notes
The Slot MARKER command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs.
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5.3.
ATTRIB Command [$1D]
The ATTRIB command is used to select a PICC for a transaction. The command and response are ISO/IEC 144433:2001 compliant.
Reader
PICC
$1D
Command >
PUPI 0
PUPI 1
PUPI of PCI >
PUPI 2
PUPI 3
$00
Param 1 >
Param 2 >
$0
$00
Param 3 >
Param 4 Assigns CID >
TBmax
$0
CID
CRC1
CRC2
ATTRIB Response >
$0
CID
SUCCESS RESPONSE
CRC1
CRC2
5.3.1. Operation
Sending the ATTRIB command (with a matching PUPI) after an ATQB response places the PICC in the Active State
and assigns the Card ID Number (CID) to the PICC. PICCs already in the Active State or Halt State are not permitted
to answer this command.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
5.3.2. Command Field Descriptions
16
PUPI:
PseudoUnique PICC Identifier. This is the card ID used for anticollision, stored in the System Zone.
Param:
ISO/IEC 14443 communication capabilities reported to the PICC. The contents of Param Bytes 1, 2, and
3 do not alter the behavior of CryptoRF PICCs.
TBmax:
A parameter sent by the PCD reporting the receive buffer size of the PCD. Default value is $0.
CID:
The Card ID Number (CID) in ATTRIB Param Byte 4 and in the ATTRIB Response is encoded as shown
in Table 10 and Table 11. Each PICC is assigned a unique CID when it is placed in the Active State.
CryptoRF Active State commands use the assigned CID to direct the commands to the desired PICC.
Table 10.
Coding of the Card ID in the ATTRIB command and response for 88SC PICCs.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
CID
0
0
0
0
Not Supported
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
1
3
0
1
0
0
4
0
1
0
1
5
0
1
1
0
6
0
1
1
1
7
1
0
0
0
8
1
0
0
1
9
1
0
1
0
10
1
0
1
1
11
1
1
0
0
12
1
1
0
1
13
1
1
1
0
14
1
1
1
1
Not Supported
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Table 11.
Coding of the Card ID in the ATTRIB command and response for 88RF PICCs.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
CID
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
1
3
0
1
0
0
4
0
1
0
1
5
0
1
1
0
6
0
1
1
1
7
1
0
0
0
8
1
0
0
1
9
1
0
1
0
10
1
0
1
1
11
1
1
0
0
12
1
1
1
1
13
1
1
1
0
14
1
1
1
1
Not Supported
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
5.3.3. Response Field Descriptions
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
5.3.4. Error Handling
If an ATTRIB command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is sent.
5.3.5. Notes
The ATTRIB command for 88SC PICCs is used to assign a CID in the range of 1 to 15 to the PICC; CID = 0 is not
supported. The ATTRIB command for 88RF PICCs is used to assign a CID in the range of 0 to 15 to the PICC.
17
5276C–RFID–3/09
5.4.
HLTB Command [$50]
The HLTB command places a PICC in the Halt State, where it is not allowed to answer an REQB command. The
command and response are ISO/IEC 14443-3 compliant.
Reader
Command >
PICC
$50
PUPI 0
PUPI of PCI >
PUPI 1
PUPI 2
PUPI 3
CRC1
CRC2
HLTB Response >
$00
SUCCESS RESPONSE
CRC1
CRC2
5.4.1. Operation
Sending the “Halt B” (HLTB) command (with a matching PUPI) after an ATQB response places the PICC in the Halt
State. A PICC in the Halt State will only respond to a WUPB command. PICCs in the Active State or already in the Halt
State are not permitted to answer this command.
5.4.2. Command Field Descriptions
PUPI:
PseudoUnique PICC Identifier. This is the card ID used for anticollision, stored in the System Zone.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
5.4.3. Response Field Description
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
5.4.4. Error Handling
If a HLTB command containing errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is sent.
5.4.5. Notes
The HLTB command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs.
18
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.
Active State Command Definitions
Commands in this section are arranged in order by the hexadecimal code in the command byte. Several of the Active
state commands perform multiple functions; the value of the PARAM byte determines which function is performed.
Table 12.
Bit 7
Coding of the Command byte for the CryptoRF Active State Command Set
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Command Name
Hexadecimal
CID
0
0
0
1
Set User Zone
$c1
CID
0
0
1
0
Read User Zone
$c2
CID
0
0
1
1
Write User Zone
$c3
CID
0
1
0
0
Write System Zone
$c4
CID
0
1
1
0
Read System Zone
$c6
CID
1
0
0
0
Verify Crypto
$c8
CID
1
0
0
1
Send Checksum
$c9
CID
1
0
1
0
DESELECT
$cA
CID
1
0
1
1
IDLE
$cB
CID
1
1
0
0
Check Password
$cC
All Other Values Are Not Supported
6.1.
Response Format
The response to each Active State command consists of five bytes or more. The first byte of the response is the
command byte echoed back to the PCD. The second byte is the ACK/NACK byte which reports success or failure of
the command execution. The final two bytes of the response are always the CRC bytes. The CRC bytes are preceded
by a STATUS byte which reports error codes or PICC status codes. Any data bytes returned by the command are
located between the ACK/NACK and STATUS bytes.
Table 13.
Coding of the ACK/NACK byte of the PICC response
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Response Decode
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ACK
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
NACK, See STATUS byte for PICC information
Password Attempts Count
0
0
0
1
NACK, Check Password Attempt Failure
Auth. Attempts Count
0
0
0
1
NACK, Authentication or Encryption Attempt Failure
The ACK/NACK byte reports success or failure of the command execution. In the event of a Check Password
command failure or Verify Crypto command failure the ACK/NACK byte contains an attempts count coded as shown in
Table 14 and Table 15.
The STATUS byte provides information to the host application indicating the state of the PICC or the reason for failure
of a requested operation. The STATUS byte does not report the success or failure of a command. In the event of
multiple errors, the STATUS byte reports the first error detected.
The PICC ignores commands that do not have a matching CID. Invalid command codes are also ignored.
19
5276C–RFID–3/09
Table 14.
Hexadecimal
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Description
$0
0
0
0
0
No Failed Attempts
$1
0
0
0
1
1 Failed Attempt
$2
0
0
1
0
2 Failed Attempts
$3
0
0
1
1
3 Failed Attempts
$4
0
1
0
0
4 Failed Attempts
$5
0
1
0
1
5 Failed Attempts
$6
0
1
1
0
6 Failed Attempts
$7
0
1
1
1
7 Failed Attempts
$8
1
0
0
0
8 Failed Attempts
Table 15.
20
Coding of the Password Attempts Count or Authentication Attempts Count in the 88SC ACK/NACK byte.
Coding of the Password Attempt Count or Authentication Attempts Count in the 88RF ACK/NACK byte.
Hexadecimal
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Description
$0
0
0
0
0
No Failed Attempts
$1
0
0
0
1
1 Failed Attempt
$2
0
0
1
0
2 Failed Attempts
$3
0
0
1
1
3 Failed Attempts
$4
0
1
0
0
4 Failed Attempts
$5
0
1
0
1
5 Failed Attempts
$6
0
1
1
0
6 Failed Attempts
$7
0
1
1
1
7 Failed Attempts
$8
1
0
0
0
8 Failed Attempts
$9
1
0
0
1
9 Failed Attempts
$A
1
0
1
0
10 Failed Attempts
$B
1
0
1
1
11 Failed Attempts
$C
1
1
0
0
12 Failed Attempts
$D
1
1
0
1
13 Failed Attempts
$E
1
1
1
0
14 Failed Attempts
$F
1
1
1
1
15 Failed Attempts (LOCK)
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.2.
Set User Zone Command [$c1]
The Set User Zone command selects the user memory area to be addressed by the Read User Zone and Write User
Zone commands.
Reader
CID
Command >
PICC
$1
PARAM
CRC1
CRC2
CID
Echo Response >
$1
ACK/NACK
STATUS
CRC1
CRC2
6.2.1. Operation
Before reading and writing data to the user memory, the host must select a User Zone with this command. Only one
User Zone may be selected at a time. At the time the zone is selected the host also chooses whether anti-tearing is
active for the selected zone. If anti-tearing is activated, then all writes to the User Zone will utilize anti-tearing until a
new Set User Zone command is received. Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command.
6.2.2. Command Field Description
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
PARAM:
Selects the User Zone and sets anti-tearing on or off.
Table 16.
Definition of the PARAM byte of the Set User Zone command
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
AT
0
0
0
Table 17.
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
User Zone
Coding of the Anti-Tearing Select bit within the PARAM byte
Bit 7
Write User Zone
0
Normal Write Enabled
1
Anti-Tearing Write Enabled
21
5276C–RFID–3/09
Table 18.
Coding of the User Zone number within the PARAM byte
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
User Zone
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
1
3
0
1
0
0
4
0
1
0
1
5
0
1
1
0
6
0
1
1
1
7
1
0
0
0
8
1
0
0
1
9
1
0
1
0
10
1
0
1
1
11
1
1
0
0
12
1
1
0
1
13
1
1
1
0
14
1
1
1
1
15
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.2.3. Response Field Descriptions
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.2.4. Error Handling
If a Set User Zone command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is
sent.
Table 19.
Status Codes returned in the Set User Zone response
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No Errors
$00
ACK
User Zone PARAM Invalid
$A1
NACK
6.2.5. Notes
The Set User Zone command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs.
22
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.3.
Read User Zone Command [$c2]
The Read User Zone command reads data from the currently selected User Zone. See Read User Zone (Large
Memory) command for the AT88SC6416CRF read command information.
Reader
Command >
PARAM = $00 >
CID
PICC
$2
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$2
FAILURE RESPONSE
NACK
STATUS
< Error Code
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$2
SUCCESS RESPONSE
ACK
DATA 1
DATA 2
……….
DATA “L”
DATA “L+1”
STATUS
<Status Code
CRC1
CRC2
6.3.1. Operation
The Read User Zone command reads data from the device's currently selected User Zone.
The data byte address is internally incremented as each byte is read from memory. Reading beyond the end of the
current User Zone is prohibited. Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command.
If Encryption Communication Security is active the DATA bytes are encrypted; no other bytes are encrypted. In the
Normal and Authentication Communication Security modes none of the bytes are encrypted.
23
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.3.2. Command Field Descriptions
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
PARAM:
The PARAM byte selects the type of read operation to be performed. PARAM = $00 selects the normal
Read User Zone command.
ADDR:
The starting address of the data to read.
L:
The number of bytes to read minus 1. L cannot exceed the size of the user zone.
Reading more than 64 bytes in a single operation is not recommended. In a typical application environment, optimal
transaction time is achieved by reading no more than 32 data bytes in a single operation.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.3.3. Response Field Descriptions
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
DATA:
The data bytes read from user memory.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.3.4. Error Handling
If a Read User Zone command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is
sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 20.
Status Codes returned in the Read User Zone response
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
Access Denied (User Zone Not Set)
$99
NACK
PARAM Invalid
$A1
NACK
Address Invalid
$A2
NACK
Length Invalid
$A3
NACK
Authentication or Encryption Activation Required
$A9
NACK
Password Required
$D9
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.3.5. Notes
The Read User Zone command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs when PARAM = $00.
24
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.4.
Read User Zone (Large Memory) Command [$c2]
The Read User Zone (Large Memory) command reads data from the currently selected User Zone. This command
format applies to the AT88SC6416CRF device only.
Reader
Command >
PARAM = ADDR H
CID
PICC
$2
ADDR H
ADDR L
“L”
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$2
FAILURE RESPONSE
NACK
STATUS
< Error Code
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$2
SUCCESS RESPONSE
ACK
DATA 1
DATA 2
……….
DATA “L”
DATA “L+1”
STATUS
<Status Code
CRC1
CRC2
6.4.1. Operation
The Read User Zone (Large Memory) command operates identically to the standard Read User Zone command, but
utilizes a two byte address to support large memory sizes. The Read User Zone command reads data from the device's
currently selected User Zone.
The data byte address is internally incremented as each byte is read from memory. Reading beyond the end of the
current User Zone is prohibited. Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command.
If Encryption Communication Security is active the DATA bytes are encrypted; no other bytes are encrypted. In the
Normal and Authentication Communication Security modes none of the bytes are encrypted.
25
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.4.2. Command Field Description
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
PARAM:
The PARAM byte is the ADDR H byte of Read User Zone (Large Memory) command.
Table 21.
Definition of the PARAM (ADDR H) byte of the Read User Zone (Large Memory) command
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A8
ADDR:
The two byte starting address of the location to read.
L:
The number of bytes to read minus 1. L cannot exceed the size of the user zone.
Reading more than 64 bytes in a single operation is not recommended. In a typical application environment, optimal
transaction time is achieved by reading no more than 32 data bytes in a single operation.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.4.3. Response Field Descriptions
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
DATA:
The data bytes read from user memory.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.4.4. Error Handling
If a Read User Zone command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is
sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 22.
Status Codes returned in the Read User Zone (Large Memory) response.
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
Access Denied (User Zone Not Set)
$99
NACK
Address Invalid
$A2
NACK
Length Invalid
$A3
NACK
Authentication or Encryption Activation Required
$A9
NACK
Password Required
$D9
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.4.5. Notes
The Read User Zone (Large Memory) command is not supported by 88RF PICCs.
26
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.5.
Read User Zone Command with Integrated MAC [$c2] [88RF]
The Read User Zone command with Integrated MAC reads data from the currently selected User Zone on 88RF
PICCs. This command can only be used when the Authentication or Encryption Communication Security mode is
active.
Reader
Command >
PARAM = $80 >
CID
PICC
$2
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$2
FAILURE RESPONSE
NACK
STATUS
< Error Code
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$2
SUCCESS RESPONSE
ACK
DATA 1
DATA 2
……….
DATA “L”
DATA “L+1”
MAC1
< Checksum
MAC2
STATUS
< Status Code
CRC1
CRC2
6.5.1. Operation
The Read User Zone command with Integrated MAC reads data from the 88RF device's currently selected User Zone
and also returns the cryptographic checksum. If the RCS bit of the DCR register is set to 1b, then the cryptographic
engine is reset after the checksum is read. If the RCS bit of the DCR register is set to 0b, then the cryptographic
engine is not reset by this command.
The data byte address is internally incremented as each byte is read from memory. Reading beyond the end of the
current User Zone is prohibited. Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command. If the
Authentication or Encryption Communication Security mode is not active, then a NACK response is returned.
If the Encryption Communication Security mode is active, then the DATA bytes are encrypted. In Authentication
Communication Security mode the DATA bytes are not encrypted.
27
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.5.2. Command Field Descriptions
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
PARAM:
The PARAM byte selects the type of read operation to be performed.
Table 23.
PARAM byte options for the Read User Zone command for 88RF PICCs.
Command
PARAM
Read User Zone (Normal / Legacy)
$00
Read User Zone with Integrated MAC
$80
All Other Values Are Not Supported
ADDR:
The starting address of the data to read.
L:
The number of bytes to read minus 1. L cannot exceed the size of the user zone.
Reading more than 64 bytes in a single operation is not recommended. In a typical application environment, optimal
transaction time is achieved by reading no more than 32 data bytes in a single operation.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.5.3. Response Field Descriptions
28
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
DATA:
The data bytes read from user memory.
MAC:
The checksum bytes read from the cryptographic engine.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.5.4. Error Handling
If a Read User Zone command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is
sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 24.
Status Codes returned in the Read User Zone response
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
Access Denied (User Zone Not Set)
$99
NACK
PARAM Invalid
$A1
NACK
Address Invalid
$A2
NACK
Length Invalid
$A3
NACK
Authentication or Encryption Activation Required
$A9
NACK
Password Required
$D9
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.5.5. Notes
The Read User Zone command with Integrated MAC is not supported by 88SC PICCs.
29
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.6.
Write User Zone Command [$c3]
The Write User Zone command writes data into the currently selected User Zone. See Write User Zone (Large
Memory) command for the AT88SC6416CRF write command information.
Reader
Command >
PARAM =$00 >
CID
PICC
$3
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
DATA 1
DATA 2
……….
DATA “L”
DATA “L+1”
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$3
ACK/NACK
STATUS
CRC1
CRC2
6.6.1. Operation
The Write User Zone command writes data in the device's currently selected User Zone. As each byte is clocked in to
the memory the lower bits of the address are internally incremented. The upper address bits are not incremented, so
the page address remains constant.
Write operations cannot cross page boundaries; a Write User Zone command can only write data bytes within a single
physical memory page. Attempts to write beyond the end of the page boundary will wrap to the beginning of the same
page. Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command.
If Encryption Communication Security is active the DATA bytes are encrypted; no other bytes are encrypted. In the
Normal and Authentication Communication Security modes none of the bytes are encrypted.
The Write User Zone command includes an automatic data verification function when used on 88RF PICCs. After the
EEPROM write is complete the data verification logic reads the new EEPROM contents and compares it to the data
received in the Write User Zone command. If the data does not match then the PICC returns a NACK response with
$ED in the status byte. If the data matches, the PICC returns an ACK response.
30
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.6.2. Command Field Description
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
PARAM:
The PARAM byte selects the type of write operation to be performed. PARAM = $00 selects the normal
Write User Zone command.
ADDR:
The starting address of the location to be written.
L:
The number of bytes to read minus 1. “L” cannot exceed the physical page size of the memory. In antitearing mode the maximum number of bytes that can be written is 8 bytes. If the Access Register enables
Write Lock mode or Program Only mode, the maximum number of bytes that can be written is 1 byte.
Table 25.
Write Characteristics of CryptoRF
CryptoRF
Part Number
Write Characteristics
Standard Write
Anti-Tearing Write
AT88RF04C
1 to 16 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC0808CRF
1 to 16 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC1616CRF
1 to 16 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC3216CRF
1 to 32 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC6416CRF
1 to 32 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
DATA:
The data bytes to be written into user memory.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.6.3. Response Field Description
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
31
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.6.4. Error Handling
If a Write User Zone command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is
sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 26.
Status Codes returned in the Write User Zone response
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
Write Pending – Checksum Required
$0C
ACK
One Byte Written (Write Lock Mode)
$1B
ACK
Access Denied (User Zone Not Set)
$99
NACK
Access Denied (Security Fuses Invalid)
$99
NACK
PARAM Invalid
$A1
NACK
Address Invalid
$A2
NACK
Length Invalid
$A3
NACK
Authentication or Encryption Activation Required
$A9
NACK
Data Written (Program Only Mode)
$B0
ACK
Access denied (Write Lock Mode)
$B9
NACK
Checksum Failure
$C9
NACK
Password Required
$D9
NACK
Modify Forbidden
$E9
NACK
Memory Write Error - Data Mismatch
$ED
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.6.5. Notes
The Write User Zone command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs when PARAM = $00. Automatic data
write verification is performed by 88RF PICCs; this function is not supported by 88SC PICCs.
32
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.7.
Write User Zone (Large Memory) Command [$c3]
The Write User Zone command writes data into the currently selected User Zone. This command format applies to the
AT88SC6416CRF device only.
Reader
Command >
PARAM = ADDR H
CID
PICC
$3
ADDR H
ADDR L
“L”
DATA 1
DATA 2
……….
DATA “L”
DATA “L+1”
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$3
ACK/NACK
STATUS
CRC1
CRC2
6.7.1. Operation
The Write User Zone (Large Memory) command operates identically to the normal Write User Zone command, but
utilizes a two byte address to support large memory sizes. The Write User Zone command writes data in the device's
currently selected User Zone. As each byte is clocked in to the memory the lower bits of the address are internally
incremented. The upper address bits are not incremented, so the page address remains constant.
Write operations cannot cross page boundaries; a Write User Zone command can only write data bytes within a single
physical memory page. Attempts to write beyond the end of the page boundary will wrap to the beginning of the same
page. Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command.
If Encryption Communication Security is active the DATA bytes are encrypted; no other bytes are encrypted. In the
Normal and Authentication Communication Security modes none of the bytes are encrypted.
33
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.7.2. Command Field Descriptions
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
PARAM:
The PARAM byte is the ADDR H byte of Write User Zone (Large Memory) command.
Table 27.
Definition of the PARAM (ADDR H) byte of the Write User Zone (Large Memory) command
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A8
ADDR:
The two byte starting address of the location to be written.
L:
The number of bytes to read minus 1. “L” cannot exceed the physical page size of the memory. In antitearing mode the maximum number of bytes that can be written is 8 bytes. If the Access Register enables
Write Lock mode or Program Only mode, the maximum number of bytes that can be written is 1 byte.
Table 28.
Write Characteristics of Large Memory CryptoRF
CryptoRF
Part Number
Write Characteristics
Standard Write
Anti-Tearing Write
1 to 32 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC6416CRF
DATA:
The data bytes to be written into user memory.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.7.3. Response Field Descriptions
34
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.7.4. Error Handling
If a Write User Zone command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is
sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 29.
Status Codes returned in the Write User Zone (Large Memory) response
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
Write Pending – Checksum Required
$0C
ACK
One Byte Written (Write Lock Mode)
$1B
ACK
Access Denied (User Zone Not Set)
$99
NACK
Access Denied (Security Fuses Invalid)
$99
NACK
Address Invalid
$A2
NACK
Length Invalid
$A3
NACK
Authentication or Encryption Activation Required
$A9
NACK
Data Written (Program Only Mode)
$B0
ACK
Access denied (Write Lock Mode)
$B9
NACK
Password Required
$D9
NACK
Modify Forbidden
$E9
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.7.5. Notes
The Write User Zone (Large Memory) command is not supported by 88RF PICCs.
35
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.8.
Write User Zone Command with Integrated MAC [$c3] [88RF]
The Write User Zone command with Integrated MAC writes data into the currently selected User Zone of 88RF PICCs.
This command can only be used when the Authentication or Encryption Communication Security mode is active.
Reader
Command >
PARAM = $80 >
CID
PICC
$3
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
DATA 1
DATA 2
……….
DATA “L”
DATA “L+1”
Checksum >
MAC1
MAC2
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$3
ACK/NACK
STATUS
CRC1
CRC2
6.8.1. Operation
The Write User Zone command with Integrated MAC writes data in the 88RF device's currently selected User Zone. As
each byte is clocked in to the memory the lower bits of the address are internally incremented. The upper address bits
are not incremented, so the page address remains constant.
Write operations cannot cross page boundaries; a Write User Zone command can only write data bytes within a single
physical memory page. Attempts to write beyond the end of the page boundary will wrap to the beginning of the same
page. Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command. If the Authentication or Encryption
Communication Security mode is not active, then a NACK response is returned. If the checksum does not match, then
a NACK response is returned, the write operation is aborted, and the cryptographic engine is reset.
The Write User Zone command with Integrated MAC includes an automatic data verification function. After the
EEPROM write is complete the data verification logic reads the new EEPROM contents and compares it to the data
received in the Write User Zone command. If the data does not match the PICC returns a NACK response with $ED in
the status byte. If the data matches, the PICC returns an ACK response.
If the Encryption Communication Security mode is active, then the DATA bytes are encrypted. In Authentication
Communication Security mode the DATA bytes are not encrypted.
36
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.8.2. Command Field Description
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
PARAM:
The PARAM byte selects the type of write operation to be performed.
Table 30.
PARAM byte options for the Write User Zone command for 88RF PICCs.
Command
PARAM
Write User Zone (Normal / Legacy)
$00
Write User Zone with Integrated MAC
$80
All Other Values Are Not Supported.
ADDR:
The starting address of the location to be written.
L:
The number of bytes to write minus 1. “L” cannot exceed the 16 byte physical page size of the memory. In
anti-tearing mode the maximum number of bytes that can be written is 8 bytes.
Table 31.
Write Characteristics of 88RF PICCs
CryptoRF
Part Number
AT88RF04C
Write Characteristics
Normal Write
Anti-Tearing Write
1 to 16 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
DATA:
The data bytes to be written into user memory.
MAC:
The checksum bytes sent to the cryptographic engine.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.8.3. Response Field Description
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
37
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.8.4. Error Handling
If a Write User Zone command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is
sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 32.
Status Codes returned in the Write User Zone response
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
Write Pending – Checksum Required
$0C
ACK
Access Denied (User Zone Not Set)
$99
NACK
Access Denied (Security Fuses Invalid)
$99
NACK
PARAM Invalid
$A1
NACK
Address Invalid
$A2
NACK
Length Invalid
$A3
NACK
Authentication or Encryption Activation Required
$A9
NACK
Data Written (Program Only Mode)
$B0
ACK
Checksum Failure
$C9
NACK
Password Required
$D9
NACK
Modify Forbidden
$E9
NACK
Memory Write Error - Data Mismatch
$ED
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.8.5. Notes
The Write User Zone command with Integrated MAC is not supported by 88SC PICCs.
38
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.9.
Write System Zone Command [$c4]
The Write System Zone command writes data to the configuration memory.
Reader
Command >
PARAM = $00 >
CID
PICC
$4
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
DATA 1
DATA 2
……….
DATA “L”
DATA “L+1”
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$4
ACK/NACK
STATUS
CRC1
CRC2
6.9.1. Operation
The Write System Zone command writes data into the configuration memory. As each byte is clocked in to the memory
the lower bits of the address are internally incremented. The upper address bits are not incremented, so the page
address remains constant.
Write operations cannot cross page boundaries; a Write System Zone command can only write data bytes within a
single physical memory page. Attempts to write beyond the end of the page boundary will wrap to the beginning of the
same page. Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command.
If Authentication or Encryption Communication Security is active the DATA bytes written to the password (PW)
registers are encrypted; no other bytes are encrypted. In the Normal Communication Security mode none of the bytes
are encrypted.
The Write System Zone command includes an automatic data verification function when used on 88RF PICCs. After
the EEPROM write is complete the data verification logic reads the new EEPROM contents and compares it to the data
received in the Write System Zone command. If the data does not match then the PICC returns a NACK response with
$ED in the status byte. If the data matches, the PICC returns an ACK response.
39
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.9.2. Command Field Description
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
PARAM:
The PARAM byte selects the type of write operation to be performed. 88RF PICCs do not support antitearing writes to the configuration memory.
Table 33.
PARAM byte options for the Write System Zone command
Command
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
DATA
Write System Zone
$00
Address
# of bytes – 1
“L + 1” bytes
Write System Zone w/ AT
$80
Address
# of bytes – 1
“L + 1 bytes”
Write Fuse Byte
$01
Fuse addr
$00
1 byte
All Other Values Are Not Supported
ADDR:
The starting address of the data to write.
L:
The number of bytes to read minus 1. L cannot exceed the physical page size of the memory. In antitearing mode the maximum number of bytes that can be written is 8 bytes.
Table 34.
Write Characteristics of CryptoRF Configuration Memory
CryptoRF
Part Number
Write Characteristics
Standard Write
Anti-Tearing Write
AT88RF04C
1 to 16 Bytes
Not Supported
AT88SC0808CRF
1 to 16 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC1616CRF
1 to 16 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC3216CRF
1 to 32 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC6416CRF
1 to 32 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
DATA:
The data bytes to be written into configuration memory.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.9.3. Response Field Descriptions
40
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.9.4. Error Handling
If a Write System Zone command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response
is sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 35.
Status Codes returned in the Write System Zone response
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
PARAM Invalid
$A1
NACK
Address Invalid
$A2
NACK
Length Invalid
$A3
NACK
Integrated Checksum Mode Write Complete
$B0
ACK
Access denied (Write Not Allowed)
$BA
NACK
Checksum Failure
$C9
NACK
Password Required
$D9
NACK
Memory Write Error - Data Mismatch
$ED
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.9.5. Notes
The Write System Zone command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs when PARAM = $00. 88RF PICCs
do not support PARAM = $80. Automatic data write verification is performed by 88RF PICCs; this function is not
supported by 88SC PICCs.
41
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.10.
Write System Zone Command with Integrated MAC [$c4] [88RF]
The Write System Zone command with Integrated MAC writes data to the 88RF PICC configuration memory. This
command can only be used when the Encryption Communication mode is active. This command is only available
when the Security fuses are: SEC = 0b, ENC = 0b, SKY = 1b, PER = 1b.
Reader
Command >
CID
PICC
$4
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
DATA 1
DATA 2
……….
DATA “L”
DATA “L+1”
Checksum >
MAC1
MAC2
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$4
ACK/NACK
STATUS
CRC1
CRC2
6.10.1. Operation
The Write System Zone command with Integrated MAC writes data into the 88RF PICC configuration memory. As each
byte is clocked in to the memory the lower bits of the address are internally incremented. The upper address bits are
not incremented, so the page address remains constant.
Write operations cannot cross page boundaries; a Write System Zone command can only write data bytes within a
single physical memory page. Attempts to write beyond the end of the page boundary will wrap to the beginning of the
same page. Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command. If the Encryption Communication
mode is not active, then a NACK response is returned. If the checksum does not match, then a NACK response is
returned, the write operation is aborted, and the cryptographic engine is reset.
The Write System Zone command with Integrated MAC includes an automatic data verification function. After the
EEPROM write is complete the data verification logic reads the new EEPROM contents and compares it to the data
received in the Write System Zone command. If the data does not match the PICC returns a NACK response with $ED
in the status byte. If the data matches, the PICC returns an ACK response.
42
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.10.2. Command Field Description
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
PARAM:
The PARAM byte selects the type of write operation to be performed.
Table 36.
PARAM byte options for the Write System Zone command for 88RF PICCs
Command
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
DATA
Write System Zone (Normal / Legacy)
$00
Address
# of bytes – 1
“L + 1” bytes
Write Fuse Byte
$01
Fuse addr
$00
1 byte
Write System Zone with Integrated MAC
$08
Address
# of bytes – 1
“L + 1 bytes”
All Other Values Are Not Supported
ADDR:
The starting address of the data to write.
L:
The number of bytes to write minus 1. L cannot exceed the 16 byte physical page size of the memory.
DATA:
The data bytes to be written into configuration memory.
MAC:
The checksum bytes sent to the cryptographic engine.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.10.3. Response Field Descriptions
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
43
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.10.4. Error Handling
If a Write System Zone command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response
is sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 37.
Status Codes returned in the Write System Zone with Integrated MAC response
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
PARAM Invalid
$A1
NACK
Address Invalid
$A2
NACK
Length Invalid
$A3
NACK
Integrated Checksum Mode Write Complete
$B0
ACK
Access denied (Write Not Allowed)
$BA
NACK
Checksum Failure
$C9
NACK
Password Required
$D9
NACK
Memory Write Error - Data Mismatch
$ED
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.10.5. Notes
The Write System Zone command with Integrated MAC is not supported by 88SC PICCs.
44
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.11.
Write System Zone Command, Write Fuse Byte Option [$c4]
The Write Fuse Byte Option of the Write System Zone command is used to program the security fuses.
Reader
Command >
CID
PARAM = $01 >
PICC
$4
PARAM
ADDR
L = $00 >
“L”
DATA 1
CRC1
CRC2
CID
Echo Command >
$4
ACK/NACK
STATUS
CRC1
CRC2
6.11.1. Operation
The Write Fuse Byte Option of the Write System Zone command programs the security fuses. Once programmed, the
fuses cannot be erased. This operation can be performed in the Normal, Authentication, or Encryption Communication
modes. The fuse byte value is never encrypted. Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command.
6.11.2. Command Field Description
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
PARAM:
The PARAM byte selects the type of write operation to be performed.
Table 38.
PARAM byte options for the Write System Zone command
Command
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
DATA
Write System Zone
$00
Address
# of bytes – 1
“L + 1” bytes
Write System Zone w/ AT
$80
Address
# of bytes – 1
“L + 1 bytes”
Write Fuse Byte
$01
Fuse addr
$00
1 byte
All Other Values Are Not Supported
ADDR:
When performing a fuse byte write the ADDR byte contains the address of the fuse; only one fuse may be
programmed per Write System Zone command.
45
5276C–RFID–3/09
Table 39.
Coding of ADDR for 88SC PICC Fuse Programming
Hex
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Fuse
$07
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
SEC
$06
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
FAB
$04
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
CMA
$00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PER
Table 40.
Coding of ADDR for 88RF PICC Fuse Programming
Hex
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Fuse
$07
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
SEC
$06
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
ENC
$04
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
SKY
$00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PER
L:
The number of bytes to write minus 1. L must be $00 when writing the Fuse Bytes.
DATA:
One byte of data is required to be sent when writing the fuse byte, however the contents of this byte are
ignored.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.11.3. Response Field Descriptions
46
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge; the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.11.4. Error Handling
If a Write System Zone command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response
is sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 41.
Status Codes returned in the Write System Zone response for Fuse Byte Writes
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
Fuse byte
ACK
Fuse Address Invalid
$A2
NACK
Length Invalid
$A3
NACK
Password Required
$D9
NACK
Fuse Access Denied
$DF
NACK
Access denied (Fuse Order Incorrect)
$E9
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
Fuse Byte (Successful Fuse Byte Write)
6.11.5. Notes
The Write Fuse Byte option of the Write System Zone command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs.
47
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.12.
Read System Zone Command [$c6]
The System Read command allows reading of system data from the configuration memory.
Reader
Command >
CID
PICC
$6
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$6
FAILURE RESPONSE
NACK
STATUS
< Error Code
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$6
SUCCESS RESPONSE
ACK
DATA 1
DATA 2
……….
DATA “L”
DATA “L+1”
STATUS
<Status Code
CRC1
CRC2
6.12.1. Operation
The Read System Zone command reads from the devices configuration memory. The data byte address is internally
incremented as each byte is read from the memory. If the data byte address increments into a segment where read
access is forbidden, the “fuse byte” is transmitted in place of the forbidden data. Only PICCs in the Active State are
permitted to answer this command.
If Authentication or Encryption Communication Security is active the DATA bytes read from the password (PW)
registers are encrypted; no other bytes are encrypted. In the Normal Communication Security mode none of the bytes
are encrypted.
48
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.12.2. Command Field Description
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
PARAM:
The PARAM byte selects the type of read operation to be performed.
Table 42.
PARAM byte options for the Read System Zone command.
Command
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
Read System Zone
$00
Address
# of bytes – 1
Read Fuse Byte
$01
$FF
$00
Read Checksum
$02
$FF
$01
All Other Values Are Not Supported
ADDR:
The starting address of the data to read.
L:
The number of bytes to read minus 1. L cannot exceed 240 bytes.
Reading more than 64 bytes in a single operation is not recommended. In a typical application environment, optimal
transaction time is achieved by reading no more than 32 bytes in a single operation.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.12.3. Response Field Descriptions
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
DATA:
The data bytes read from the configuration memory.
Since access rights vary throughout the system zone, the host may provide an authorized starting address, but a length
that causes the device to reach forbidden data. In this case, the device will transmit the authorized bytes, but
unauthorized bytes will be replaced by the "fuse byte". An “Access Denied" status code $BA or $BC will be returned to
indicate that some of the bytes returned were replaced by the “fuse byte”.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
49
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.12.4. Error Handling
If a Read System Zone command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response
is sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 43.
Status Codes returned in the Read System Zone response
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
PARAM Invalid
$A1
NACK
Address Invalid
$A2
NACK
Length Invalid
$A3
NACK
Byte Access denied (Read Not Allowed)
$BA
ACK/NACK
Byte Access denied (Password Required)
$BC
ACK/NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.12.5. Notes
The Read System Zone command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs.
50
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.13.
Read System Zone Command, Read Fuse Byte Option [$c6]
The Read Fuse Byte Option of the Read System Zone command reads the security fuse byte.
Reader
Command >
PARAM = $01 >
ADDR = $FF >
L = $00 >
CID
PICC
$6
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$6
FAILURE RESPONSE
NACK
STATUS
< Error Code
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$6
SUCCESS RESPONSE
ACK
DATA 1
< Fuse Byte
STATUS
<Status Code
CRC1
CRC2
6.13.1. Operation
The Read Fuse Byte Option of the Read System Zone command reads the Security Fuse byte. This operation can be
performed in the Normal, Authentication, or Encryption Communication modes. The fuse byte value is never encrypted.
Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command.
51
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.13.2. Command Field Description
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
PARAM:
The PARAM byte selects the type of read operation to be performed. PARAM must be $01 for Read Fuse
Byte.
Table 44.
PARAM byte options for the Read System Zone command.
Command
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
Read System Zone
$00
Address
# of bytes – 1
Read Fuse Byte
$01
$FF
$00
Read Checksum
$02
$FF
$01
All Other Values Are Not Supported
ADDR:
The address must be $FF for Read Fuse Byte.
L:
The number of bytes to read minus 1. L must be $00 for Read Fuse Byte.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.13.3. Response Field Descriptions
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
DATA:
The Security Fuse Byte value.
Figure 4.
Definition of the DATA byte received when reading the Fuse Byte of 88SC PICCs
F7
F6
F5
F4
F3
F2
F1
F0
RFU
RFU
RFU
RFU
SEC
PER
CMA
FAB
X
X
X
X
0
1
1
1
Figure 5.
52
Default Value
.
Coding of the DATA byte received when reading the fuse byte of 88RF PICCs
F7
F6
F5
F4
F3
F2
F1
F0
RFU
RFU
RFU
RFU
SEC
ENC
SKY
FAB
X
X
X
X
0
1
1
1
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
Default Value
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.13.4. Error Handling
If a Read System Zone command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response
is sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 45.
Status Codes returned in the Read System Zone response when reading the Fuse Byte.
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
PARAM Invalid
$A1
NACK
Address Invalid
$A2
NACK
Length Invalid
$A3
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.13.5. Notes
The Read Fuse Byte Option of the Read System Zone command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs.
53
5276C–RFID–3/09
6.14.
Read System Zone Command, Read Checksum Option [$c6]
The Read Checksum Option of the System Read command reads the checksum from the cryptographic engine.
Reader
Command >
CID
PARAM = $02 >
ADDR = $FF >
L = $01 >
PICC
$6
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$6
FAILURE RESPONSE
NACK
STATUS
< Error Code
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$6
SUCCESS RESPONSE
ACK
DATA 1
< MAC1
DATA 2
< MAC2
STATUS
<Status Code
CRC1
CRC2
6.14.1. Operation
The Read Checksum Option of the Read System Zone command reads the checksum from the cryptographic engine.
This operation can be performed in the Normal, Authentication, or Encryption Communication modes. Only PICCs in
the Active State are permitted to answer this command.
6.14.2. Command Field Description
54
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
PARAM:
The PARAM byte selects the type of read operation to be performed. PARAM must be $02 for Read
Checksum.
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Table 46.
PARAM byte options for the Read System Zone command.
Command
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
Read System Zone
$00
Address
# of bytes – 1
Read Fuse Byte
$01
$FF
$00
Read Checksum
$02
$FF
$01
All Other Values Are Not Supported
ADDR:
The address must be $FF for Read Checksum.
L:
The number of bytes to read minus 1. L must be $01 for Read Checksum.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.14.3. Response Field Descriptions
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
DATA:
The two checksum bytes read from the cryptographic engine.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.14.4. Error Handling
If a Read System Zone command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response
is sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 47.
Status Codes returned in the Read System Zone response for Read Checksum.
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
PARAM Invalid
$A1
NACK
Address Invalid
$A2
NACK
Length Invalid
$A3
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.14.5. Notes
The Read Checksum Option of the Read System Zone command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
6.15.
Verify Crypto Command [$c8]
The Verify Crypto command is used to activate the Authentication Communication Security mode and the Encryption
Communication Security mode.
Reader
Command >
CID
PICC
$8
Key Index
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH4
CH5
CH6
CH7
CH8
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$8
ACK/NACK
STATUS
CRC1
CRC2
6.15.1. Operation
The Verify Crypto command is used to perform mutual authentication between the PICC and the Host system. The
Verify Crypto command is also used to activate the Encryption Communication Security mode.
Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command.
56
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.15.2. Command Field Description
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
CID:
Key Index: Selects the secret key to be used. The Authentication process uses one of the Secret Seeds Gi.
Encryption Activation uses a Session Encryption Key Si.
Table 48.
Key Index coding for the Verify Crypto command
Key Index
Key
$00
Secret Seed G0
$01
Secret Seed G1
$02
Secret Seed G2
$03
Secret Seed G3
$10
Session Encryption Key S0
$11
Session Encryption Key S1
$12
Session Encryption Key S2
$13
Session Encryption Key S3
All Other Values Are Not Supported
Q:
The Host random number.
CH:
The Host challenge.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.15.3. Response Field Descriptions
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
6.15.4. Error Handling
If a Verify Crypto command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is
sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 49.
Status Codes returned in the Verify Crypto response
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
Invalid Key Index
$99
NACK
Authentication or Encryption Activation Failure
$A9
NACK
Memory Access Error (Security Operation)
$F9
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.15.5. Notes
The Verify Crypto command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs.
58
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.16.
Send Checksum Command [$c9]
The Send Checksum command is used to authenticate data sent to the PICC in the Authentication Communication
Security mode or the Encryption Communication Security mode.
Reader
Command >
CID
PICC
$9
MAC1
MAC2
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$9
ACK/NACK
STATUS
CRC1
CRC2
6.16.1. Operation
When a Write User Zone command is sent in Authentication Communication mode or Encryption Communication mode
the data received by the PICC is saved in a buffer until a cryptographic Checksum is received. The host uses the Send
Checksum command to transmit the Checksum it has computed. If the checksum is valid the PICC writes the data; if
the checksum is incorrect the data is discarded and the cryptographic engine is reset.
Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command.
6.16.2. Command Field Description
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
MAC:
The cryptographic checksum computed by the Host.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.16.3. Response Field Descriptions
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
6.16.4. Error Handling
If a Send Checksum command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is
sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 50.
Status Codes returned in the Send Checksum response
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
Checksum Failure
$C8
NACK
Checksum Failure
$C9
NACK
Memory Write Error - Data Mismatch
$ED
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.16.5. Notes
The Send Checksum command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs.
60
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.17.
DESELECT Command [$cA]
The DESELECT command places a PICC in the Halt State. This command is used at the end of a transaction.
Reader
CID
Command >
PICC
$A
CRC1
CRC2
CID
Echo Command >
$A
ACK
STATUS
CRC1
CRC2
6.17.1. Operation
Sending the DESELECT command (with a matching CID) to a PICC in the Active State places the PICC in the Halt
State. The User Zone, password, and authentication registers are cleared before the PICC enters the Halt State. Only
PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this command.
6.17.2. Command Field Descriptions
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.17.3. Response Field Descriptions
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.17.4. Error Handling
If a DESELECT command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is
sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 51.
Status Codes returned in the DESELECT response
Error/Status Message
No errors
Status Code
Type
$00
ACK
6.17.5. Notes
The HLTB command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs.
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6.18.
IDLE Command [$cB]
The IDLE command resets the PICC and places it in the Idle State. This command is used at the end of a transaction.
Reader
CID
Command >
PICC
$B
CRC1
CRC2
CID
Echo Command >
$B
ACK
STATUS
CRC1
CRC2
6.18.1. Operation
Sending the IDLE command (with a matching CID) to a PICC in the Active State resets the PICC and places it in the
Idle State. The User Zone, password, and authentication registers are cleared before the PICC enters the Idle State.
The PICC responds only to successful IDLE commands. Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer this
command.
6.18.2. Command Field Descriptions
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.18.3. Response Field Descriptions
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.18.4. Error Handling
If an IDLE command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is sent. The
PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 52.
Status Codes returned in the IDLE response
Error/Status Message
No errors
Status Code
Type
$00
ACK
6.18.5. Notes
The HLTB command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs.
62
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.19.
Check Password Command [$cC]
The Check Password command transmits a password for validation.
Reader
Command >
CID
PICC
$C
Password Index
PW 1
PW 2
PW 3
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$C
ACK/NACK
STATUS
CRC1
CRC2
6.19.1. Operation
To read or write data in User Zones that require a password for access the host must carry out a password validation
operation. To write data to the Configuration Memory during personalization the host must carry out a transport
password validation operation. The host uses the Check Password command to send the password for validation
against the password selected with the Password Index byte. Only PICCs in the Active State are permitted to answer
this command.
If the Check Password is successful, the Password Attempts Counter (PAC) is cleared and the ACK response is
issued. Only one password is active at any time. If the Check Password fails, the PAC is incremented and a NACK
response is issued. The Check Password success or failure is memorized and active until the PICC is powered down,
removed from the Active state, or until a new Check Password is received. If the password trials limit is reached,
subsequent Check Password commands will be rejected.
If the Authentication Communication mode or the Encryption Communication mode is active, then the three PW bytes
are encrypted. In Normal Communication mode the PW bytes are not encrypted.
6.19.2. Command Field Descriptions
CID:
The Card ID assigned by the ATTRIB command.
Password Index: Identifies the password register that the PICC will check the transmitted password against.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
Table 53.
Coding of the Password Index for 4K bit CryptoRF devices
Password Index
Check Password
$10
Password Read 0
$11
Password Read 1
$12
Password Read 2
$17
Password Read 7
$00
Password Write 0
$01
Password Write 1
$02
Password Write 2
$07
Password Write 7
All Other Values Are Not Supported
Table 54.
Coding of the Password Index for 8K bit and larger CryptoRF devices
Password Index
Check Password
$10
Password Read 0
$11
Password Read 1
$12
Password Read 2
$13
Password Read 3
$14
Password Read 4
$15
Password Read 5
$16
Password Read 6
$17
Password Read 7
$00
Password Read 0
$01
Password Write 1
$02
Password Write 2
$03
Password Write 3
$04
Password Write 4
$05
Password Write 5
$06
Password Write 6
$07
Password Write 7
All Other Values Are Not Supported
64
PW:
The password bytes.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
6.19.3. Response Field Descriptions
CID:
The PICC transmits its assigned card ID in the response.
ACK:
Acknowledge, the command executed correctly.
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, the command did not execute correctly.
STATUS:
PICC status code.
CRC:
Communication error detection bytes.
6.19.4. Error Handling
If a Check Password command containing transmission errors is received by the PICC, it is ignored and no response is
sent. The PICC reports errors in the status byte of the response.
Table 55.
Status Codes returned in the Check Password response
Error/Status Message
Status Code
Type
No errors
$00
ACK
Password Index Invalid
$A1
NACK
Check Password Failure
$D9
NACK
Memory Access Error (Security Operation)
$F9
NACK
Memory Access Error
$EE
ACK/NACK
6.19.5. Notes
The Check Password command is identical for 88SC and 88RF CryptoRF PICCs. Password indexes of $03 to $06, and
$13 to $16 will be NACKed by 88RF PICCs.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
7.
Transaction Flow
Figure 6.
Flowchart of a Typical CryptoRF Transaction
Polling
(REQB/WUPB)
Select Card
(ATTRIB)
Halt
(HLTB)
Anticollision Complete
Mutual Authentication
(optional)
Enter Authentication Mode
Normal Mode
Encryption Activation
(optional)
Enter Encryption Mode
Set
User Zone
Read
Configuration
Memory
Write
Configuration
Memory
Check
Password
Read
User
Memory
Read
Checksum
Write
User
Memory
Send
Checksum
Deselect
or
Idle
In a typical CryptoRF transaction the host performs anticollision, selects a User Zone, and reads or writes the user
memory. When a User Zone requires a password, authentication, or encryption the host performs the required security
operation before accessing the User Zone.
Note:
66
The Set User Zone command may be sent before or after the security operation.
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
8.
Absolute Maximum Ratings*
Operating Temperature (junction) .............−40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature (ambient).............−65°C to + 150°C
HBM ESD (Antenna Pins only) ................ 2000V minimum
*NOTICE: Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute
Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent
damage to the device. This is a stress rating
only and functional operation of the device at
these or any other condition beyond those
indicated in the operational sections of this
specification is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
The maximum temperature ratings in this section are applicable to CryptoRF in wafer form. When assembled into a
package the CryptoRF temperature ratings may be reduced to reflect the limitations of the package. However the
CryptoRF absolute maximum ratings should not be exceeded for any package.
9.
Reliability
Table 56.
Reliability
Parameter
Min
Typical
Max
Units
Write Endurance (each Byte)
100,000
Write Cycles
Anti-Tearing Write Endurance
50,000
Writes
Data Retention (at 55°C)
10
Years
Data Retention (At 35°C)
30
Read Endurance
50
Years
Unlimited
Read Cycles
CryptoRF is fabricated with Atmel’s high reliability CMOS EEPROM manufacturing technology. The write endurance
and data retention EEPROM reliability ratings apply to each byte of the user and configuration memory.
The optional CryptoRF anti-tearing functions use a single anti-tearing EEPROM buffer memory. Every anti-tearing write
operation utilizes the same buffer. The anti-tearing write endurance specification is a limitation in the total number of
anti-tearing write operations that can be performed by each die.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
10.
Electrical Characteristics
Table 57.
Electrical Characteristics(1)
Symbol
Min
Nominal
Max
Units
72
82
92
pF
Polling Reset Time (no anti-tearing to process)
5
mS
TPOR-AT
Polling Reset Time (anti-tearing write to process)
10
mS
TWR
Write Cycle Time of EEPROM Memory
2.0
mS
Integrated Tuning Capacitance
TPOR
Note:
10.1.
Parameter
(2)
CT
1.6
1. Nominal values at 25° C. Values are based on characterization and are not tested.
2. Tuning Capacitance limits are specified at 25° C. CT temperature coefficient is < 100 ppm/°C.
Tamper Detection
CryptoRF contains tamper detection sensors to detect operation outside of specified limits. These sensors monitor the
internal supply voltage and clock frequency. An additional sensor detects high intensity light attacks. The die is
disabled and will not function when tampering is detected.
68
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Appendix A. Terms and Abbreviations
Abbreviation
Definition
88RF
Second generation CryptoRF devices. Catalog Number Series: AT88RFxxC
88SC
First generation CryptoRF devices. Catalog Number Series: AT88SCxxxxCRF
A
Unmodulated PCD field amplitude. Used in modulation index calculation.
AAC
Authentication Attempts Counter.
AACi
Authentication Attempts Counter with index i.
A/m
Amperes per Meter. Units of magnetic field strength.
AC
Alternating Current.
Access Control
Registers in the Configuration Memory that are reserved for security configuration.
ACK
Acknowledge response, indicates success of the requested operation.
Active state
The state of a PICC that is selected and ready to receive commands.
ADDR
Address identifying the location to begin a read or write operation.
AFI
Application Family Identifier. Used during Type B anticollision.
AK
Authentication Key. PR Register bits.
AM
Authentication Mode. AR Register mode control bit.
Anticollision
Registers in the Configuration Memory that are reserved for anticollision information.
APP
Application bytes.
AR
Access Register.
ASK
Amplitude Shift Keying modulation. PCD data transmission signaling format.
AT
Anti-tearing.
ATQB
Answer to Request Type B. The response to a polling command.
ATTRIB
PICC Selection Command, Type B.
Auth
Authentication.
B
Modulated PCD field amplitude. Used in modulation index calculation.
CA
Post Authentication Cryptogram calculated by Host for comparison with Ci
Card
A PICC with loop antenna in a plastic card or other RFID form factor.
ChA
Challenge from Host (for Mutual Authentication).
A
E
Ch
Challenge from Host (for Encryption Activation).
CH
Challenge calculated by CryptoRF for Comparison with ChA or ChE
Ci
Initial Cryptogram with Index i, stored in CryptoRF.
CiA
Cryptogram with Index i after Authentication, stored in CryptoRF.
CID
Card ID. The 4 bit code used to identify a PICC in the Active state.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
70
Abbreviation
Definition
E
Ci
Cryptogram with Index i after Encryption Activation, stored in CryptoRF.
CMA
The third of four security fuses on 88SC PICCs.
CMC
Card Manufacturer Code. Register in Configuration Memory.
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check = 16 bit RF Communication Error Detection Code.
CRC_B
Cyclic Redundancy Check, Type B.
CRF
CryptoRF
CryptoMemory
A family of devices with CryptoRF security features and a TWI or ISO/IEC 7816 interface.
CryptoRF
CryptoRF. Catalog Number Series: AT88SCxxxxCRF and AT88RFxxC.
CryptoRF Reader
The Atmel ISO/IEC 14443 Type B reader IC. Catalog Number: AT88RF1354
Cryptography
Registers in the Configuration Memory that are reserved for security information.
CT
Tuning Capacitance. The capacitance between antenna pins AC1 and AC2.
D
Variable for the Data bytes in a read or write Command.
DE
Variable for the Encrypted Data Bytes in a read or write Command.
D(x)
Variable for a particular Data byte, byte x.
DE(x)
Variable for a particular Encrypted Data byte, byte x.
DATA
Bytes for EEPROM memory read or write.
DCR
Device Configuration Register. Address $18 in the Configuration Memory.
EEPROM
Nonvolatile memory.
EGT
Extra Guard Time.
EGTL
Extra Guard Time Length. A DCR mode control bit.
ENC
The second of four security fuses on 88RF PICCs.
EOF
End of Frame.
ER
Encryption Required. AR Register mode control bit.
ETA
Extended Trials Allowed. A DCR mode control bit on 88SC PICCs.
ETU
Elementary Time Unit = fc / 128 = 128 carrier cycles = 9.4395 uS nominal.
F1
A Function used by the Host for Authentication Key diversification.
F2
Any Function Performed Using the CryptoRF Cryptographic Engine.
FAB
The second of four security fuses on 88SC PICCs.
fc
Carrier Frequency = 13.56 MHz nominal.
Fo
Resonant Frequency.
FO
Frame Option.
Forbidden
Registers in the Configuration Memory that cannot be written or read.
fs
Subcarrier Frequency = fc/16 = 847.5 kHz nominal.
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Abbreviation
Definition
Fuse Byte
The contents returned when reading the Security Fuses.
FWI
Frame Waiting Time Integer. Protocol bits communicating the PICC FWT time.
FWT
Frame Waiting Time. Maximum time the PCD must wait for a PICC response.
Gi
Secret Seed with index i, stored in CryptoRF.
Halt state
The state of a PICC waiting for a WUPB command (ignoring all other commands).
HLTB
Halt command, Type B.
Hmin
Minimum unmodulated operating magnetic field strength.
Hmax
Maximum unmodulated operating magnetic field strength.
Host
The RF reader, firmware, and application software communicating with the PICC.
HWR
Hardware Revision Register. [88RF PICCs]
i
Variable for the Index of a Password Set or Key Set.
IC
Integrated Circuit.
ID
Identification.
Idle state
The state of a PICC after power on reset, waiting for a REQB or WUPB command.
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission. www.iec.ch
ISO
International Organization for Standardization. www.iso.org
J
Loop Count Variable in a Flowchart.
K
Secret Host Key. Diversified Keys are based on K.
KR
Key Register.
kbps
KiloBits Per Second.
kHz
KiloHertz.
L
Variable for the Length code in a CryptoRF read or write command. L = (N-1)
LSB
Least Significant Bit.
M
Communication Security Mode. AR Register mode control bits.
MAC
Message Authentication Code. Checksum.
MDF
Modify Forbidden. AR Register mode control bit.
M.D.
PCD Modulation Depth.
MHz
MegaHertz.
M.I.
PCD Modulation Index. Calculated from calibration coil voltages as (A – B)/(A + B).
mm
MilliMeter.
mS
MilliSecond.
μS
MicroSecond
MSB
Most Significant Bit.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
Abbreviation
Definition
MTZ
Memory Test Zone. Address $0A and $0B in the Configuration Memory.
mV
MilliVolt.
N
Variable for the Number of anticollision slots.
N
Variable for the Number of bytes in a read or write command. N = (L+1)
Nc
A 7 byte register that can be used for key diversification.
NACK
Not Acknowledge Response, Indicates failure of the requested operation.
NRZ-L
Non-Return to Zero (L for Level) data encoding. PICC data transmission coding.
nS
NanoSecond.
OTP
One Time Programmable. Memory that cannot be erased or rewritten.
PAC
Password Attempts Counter.
PARAM
A byte containing option codes or variables.
PCD
Proximity Coupling Device. The RF reader/writer and antenna.
PER
The fourth of four security fuses.
Pgm
Program.
PGO
Program Only mode. AR Register mode control bit.
PICC
Proximity Integrated Circuit Card. The card/tag containing the IC and antenna.
PK
Primary Key. KR Register bits.
PM
Password Mode. AR Register mode control bit.
POK
Program Only Key. PR Register bits.
ppm
Parts Per Million.
PR
Password Register.
Protocol
Bytes communicating ISO protocol information.
PUPI
Pseudo Unique PICC Identifier. ID for anticollision.
PW
Password.
PW
72
E
Encrypted Password.
Q
A
Host Random Number generated by Host for Mutual Authentication.
Q
E
Host Random Number generated by Host for Encryption Activation.
R
Random number selected by PICC during anticollision.
RBmax
Receive Buffer size code. ATQB protocol byte returned by PICC.
RCS
Read Checksum. A DCR mode control bit on 88RF PICCs.
RF
Radio Frequency.
RFU
Reserved for Future Use. Any feature or bit reserved by ISO or by Atmel.
rms
Root Mean Square.
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Abbreviation
Definition
ROK
Read Only Key. KR Register bits.
ROM
Read Only Memory.
RW
REQB/WUPB command selection code.
S
Slot Number. A code sent to the PICC with Slot MARKER command.
SA
Session Key calculated by CMC during Mutual Authentication.
SiA
Session Key calculated by CryptoRF during Mutual Authentication.
SEC
The first of four security fuses.
SKY
The third of four security fuses on 88RF PICCs.
SME
Supervisor Mode Enable. A DCR mode control bit.
STATUS
A response byte containing information on the status of the PICC.
Tag
A PICC with loop antenna attached; in one of several non-credit card form factors.
TBmax
An ISO/IEC 14443-3 protocol code indicating the receive buffer size of the PCD.
TPOR
Polling Response Time.
TPOR-AT
Polling Response Time with Anti-Tearing.
TR0
Guard Time per ISO/IEC 14443-2.
TR1
Synchronization Time per ISO/IEC 14443-2.
TR2
PICC to PCD frame delay time (per ISO/IEC 14443-3 Amendment 1).
TWR
EEPROM Write Cycle Time.
UAT
Unlimited Authentication Trials. A DCR mode control bit.
UCR
Unlimited Checksum Read. A DCR mode control bit on 88SC PICCs.
UDSN
Unique Die Serial Number. Read-only register in the Configuration Memory
UZ
User Zone.
WCS
Write Checksum Timeout. A DCR mode control bit on 88RF PICCs.
WG8
ISO/IEC Working Group eight. Develops standards for contactless smartcards.
WLM
Write Lock Mode. AR Register mode control bit on 88SC PICCs.
WUPB
Wake Up command, Type B.
z
Variable for the Index of a Password Set or Key Set.
73
5276C–RFID–3/09
Appendix B. Standards and Reference Documents
B.1.
International Standards
CryptoRF is designed to comply with the requirements of the following ISO/IEC standards for Type B PICCs operating
at the standard 106 kbps data rate.
ISO/IEC 7810:1995
Identification Cards – Physical Characteristics
ISO/IEC 10373-6:2001
Identification Cards – Test Methods – Part 6: Proximity Cards
ISO/IEC 14443-1:2000
Identification Cards – Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards – Proximity Cards – Part 1:
Physical Characteristics
ISO/IEC 14443-1:2008
Identification Cards – Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards – Proximity Cards – Part 1:
Physical Characteristics
ISO/IEC 14443-2:2001
Identification Cards – Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards – Proximity Cards – Part 2:
Radio Frequency Power and Signal Interface
ISO/IEC 14443-3:2001
Identification Cards – Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards – Proximity Cards – Part 3:
Initialization and Anticollision
ISO/IEC standards are available at www.ansi.org, www.iso.org, and from your national standards organization. The
ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 10373 standards were developed by the WG8 committee (www.wg8.de).
B.2.
References
Atmel Application Note: Understanding the Requirements of ISO/IEC 14443 for Type B Proximity Contactless
Identification Cards. Document 2056x (Available at www.atmel.com)
CryptoRF Ordering Codes: CryptoRF and Secure RF Standard Product Offerings. Document 5047x (Available at
www.atmel.com)
74
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Appendix C. User Memory Maps
CryptoRF User Memory is divided into equal size User Zones as summarized in Table 58. Access requirements for
each zone are independently configured by the customer using the Access Control Registers. Refer to Appendix H for
additional information on access control.
Table 58.
CryptoRF User Memory Characteristics
User Memory Size
CryptoRF
Part Number
User Memory Organization
Write Characteristics
Bits
Bytes
# Zones
Bytes / Zone
Standard Write
Anti-Tearing
AT88RF04C
4K
512
4
128
1 to 16 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC0808CRF
8K
1K
8
128
1 to 16 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC1616CRF
16K
2K
16
128
1 to 16 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC3216CRF
32K
4K
16
256
1 to 32 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
AT88SC6416CRF
64K
8K
16
512
1 to 32 Bytes
1 to 8 Bytes
Note:
Memory maps in this section are for reference and are not intended to accurately illustrate the physical page
length of each User Memory configuration. The physical page length is equal to the maximum number of
bytes that can be written with a standard write command. The Write User Zone command will not write data
across page boundaries; each physical page must be written with a separate command.
Figure 7.
AT88RF04C Memory Map for 4 Kbit User Memory
Zone
$0
$1
$2
$3
$4
$5
$6
$7
$00
User 0
―
128 Bytes
―
$78
$00
User 1
―
128 Bytes
―
$78
$00
User 2
―
128 Bytes
―
$78
$00
User 3
―
128 Bytes
―
$78
75
5276C–RFID–3/09
Figure 8.
AT88SC0808CRF Memory Map for 8 Kbit User Memory
Zone
$0
$1
$2
$3
$4
$5
$6
$7
$00
User 0
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 1
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 2
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 3
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 4
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 5
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 6
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 7
―
128 Bytes
$78
76
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Figure 9.
AT88SC1616CRF Memory Map for 16 Kbit User Memory
Zone
$0
$1
$2
$3
$4
$5
$6
$7
$00
User 0
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 1
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 2
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 3
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 4
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 5
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 6
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 7
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 8
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 9
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 10
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 11
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 12
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 13
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 14
―
128 Bytes
$78
$00
User 15
―
128 Bytes
$78
77
5276C–RFID–3/09
Figure 10.
AT88SC3216CRF Memory Map for 32 Kbit User Memory
Zone
$0
$1
$2
$3
$4
$5
$6
$7
$00
User 0
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 1
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 2
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 3
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 4
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 5
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 6
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 7
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 8
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 9
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 10
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 11
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 12
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 13
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 14
―
256 Bytes
$F8
$00
User 15
―
256 Bytes
$F8
78
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Figure 11.
AT88SC6416CRF Memory Map for 64 Kbit User Memory
Zone
$0
$1
$2
$3
$4
$5
$6
$7
$000
User 0
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 1
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 2
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 3
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 4
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 5
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 6
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 7
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 8
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 9
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 10
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 11
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 12
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 13
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 14
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
$000
User 15
―
512 Bytes
$1F8
79
5276C–RFID–3/09
Appendix D. Configuration Memory Maps
The Configuration Memory contains all of the system information used to configure the User Zones, plus 27 bytes of
OTP memory that the customer can use to store data of any kind. The data in the Configuration Memory is locked by
programming fuses during the personalization process so that the PICC configuration cannot be changed by the end
user.
Table 59.
CryptoRF Configuration Memory Characteristics
CryptoRF
Part Number
Password Sets
Key Sets
Set Number
OTP Memory
Transport Password
Free for
Customer Use
PW Index
Password
AT88RF04C
4 sets
0,1,2,7
4 sets
25 Bytes
$07
$30 1D D2
AT88SC0808CRF
8 sets
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
4 sets
27 Bytes
$07
$40 7F AB
AT88SC1616CRF
8 sets
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
4 sets
27 Bytes
$07
$50 44 72
AT88SC3216CRF
8 sets
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
4 sets
27 Bytes
$07
$60 78 AF
AT88SC6416CRF
8 sets
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
4 sets
27 Bytes
$07
$70 BA 2E
Access rights to the Configuration Memory are fixed in logic and are controlled by the security fuses. Refer to
Appendix G for access control and fuse information. The Read System Zone and Write System Zone commands are
used to access the Configuration Memory.
The contents of the Configuration Memory registers affect the functionality of CryptoRF and should be changed from
their default configuration only after careful consideration. Incorrect or invalid settings can disable the device or prevent
it from communicating with the PCD.
Configuration Memory registers marked as “Reserved” or RFU must not be changed and cannot be used for customer
data. Only 27 bytes of OTP memory are available for general customer use on 88SC PICCs and 25 bytes of OTP
memory are available on 88RF PICCs, all other registers have assigned functionality. The OTP memory bytes available
for customer use are described in Appendix E.
80
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Figure 12.
Configuration Memory map for AT88RF04C.
$0
$1
RBmax
AFI
$3
$4
$5
PUPI
$00
$08
$2
$6
$7
APP
MTZ
CMC
Anticollision
HWR
Unique Die Serial Number
$10
$18
DCR
$20
AR0
Read only
Identification Number Nc
KR0
AR1
KR1
AR2
KR2
AR3
KR3
$28
Reserved
$30
Access Control
$38
$40
Issuer Code
$48
$50
Session Encryption Key S0
$58
$60
Session Encryption Key S1
Cryptography
Cryptogram C2
AAC2
Session Encryption Key S2
$78
$80
Cryptogram C1
AAC1
$68
$70
Cryptogram C0
AAC0
Cryptogram C3
AAC3
$88
Session Encryption Key S3
$90
Secret Seed G0
$98
Secret Seed G1
$A0
Secret Seed G2
$A8
Secret Seed G3
Secret
$B0
PAC
Write 0
PAC
Read 0
$B8
PAC
Write 1
PAC
Read 1
$C0
PAC
Write 2
PAC
Read 2
$C8
Password
$D0
Reserved
$D8
$E0
$E8
$F0
PAC
Write 7
PAC
Reserved
Read 7
Forbidden
$F8
81
5276C–RFID–3/09
Figure 13.
Configuration Memory map for AT88SC0808CRF.
$0
$1
$3
$4
$5
PUPI
$00
$08
$2
RBmax
$6
$7
APP
AFI
MTZ
Anticollision
CMC
Unique Die Serial Number
$10
Read only
$18
DCR
$20
AR0
PR0
AR1
PR1
Identification Number Nc
AR2
PR2
AR3
PR3
$28
AR4
PR4
AR5
PR5
AR6
PR6
AR7
PR7
$30
Access Control
Reserved
$38
$40
Issuer Code
$48
$50
Session Encryption Key S0
$58
$60
Session Encryption Key S1
Cryptography
Cryptogram C2
AAC2
Session Encryption Key S2
$78
$80
Cryptogram C1
AAC1
$68
$70
Cryptogram C0
AAC0
Cryptogram C3
AAC3
$88
Session Encryption Key S3
$90
Secret Seed G0
$98
Secret Seed G1
$A0
Secret Seed G2
$A8
Secret Seed G3
Secret
$B0
PAC
Write 0
PAC
Read 0
$B8
PAC
Write 1
PAC
Read 1
$C0
PAC
Write 2
PAC
Read 2
$C8
PAC
Write 3
PAC
Read 3
$D0
PAC
Write 4
PAC
Read 4
$D8
PAC
Write 5
PAC
Read 5
$E0
PAC
Write 6
PAC
Read 6
$E8
PAC
Write 7
PAC
Read 7
$F0
Reserved
Password
Forbidden
$F8
82
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Figure 14.
Configuration Memory map for AT88SC1616CRF, AT88SC3216CRF, AT88SC6416CRF.
$0
$1
RBmax
AFI
$3
$4
$5
$6
PUPI
$00
$08
$2
$7
APP
MTZ
Anticollision
CMC
Unique Die Serial Number
$10
Read only
$18
DCR
Identification Number Nc
$20
AR0
PR0
AR1
PR1
AR2
PR2
AR3
PR3
$28
AR4
PR4
AR5
PR5
AR6
PR6
AR7
PR7
$30
AR8
PR8
AR9
PR9
AR10
PR10
AR11
PR11
$38
AR12
PR12
AR13
PR13
AR14
PR14
AR15
PR15
$40
Access Control
Issuer Code
$48
$50
Session Encryption Key S0
$58
$60
Session Encryption Key S1
Cryptography
Cryptogram C2
AAC2
Session Encryption Key S2
$78
$80
Cryptogram C1
AAC1
$68
$70
Cryptogram C0
AAC0
Cryptogram C3
AAC3
$88
Session Encryption Key S3
$90
Secret Seed G0
$98
Secret Seed G1
$A0
Secret Seed G2
$A8
Secret Seed G3
Secret
$B0
PAC
Write 0
PAC
Read 0
$B8
PAC
Write 1
PAC
Read 1
$C0
PAC
Write 2
PAC
Read 2
$C8
PAC
Write 3
PAC
Read 3
$D0
PAC
Write 4
PAC
Read 4
$D8
PAC
Write 5
PAC
Read 5
$E0
PAC
Write 6
PAC
Read 6
$E8
PAC
Write 7
PAC
Read 7
$F0
Reserved
Password
Forbidden
$F8
83
5276C–RFID–3/09
Appendix E. Device Personalization
CryptoRF is delivered with the user memory filled with $FF data and with the security features disabled. Before issuing
a CryptoRF PICC to the end user, it is personalized with initial data and the security settings. The last step in the
personalization process is to program the security fuses.
Figure 15.
Personalization Process Flowchart
START
Select
User Zone
Write / Verify
User Data
No
Done
Initializing
User Memory
?
Yes
Check
Transport
Password
Write / Verify
Configuration
Memory
Program
Security
Fuses
END
84
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
E.1.
User Memory Initialization
The user memory is initialized by using the Set User Zone command to select a User Zone, and writing the initial data
with Write User Zone commands. The data is then verified with Read User Zone commands. Each User Zone is
programmed in this manner.
E.2.
Polling Response and OTP Memory Personalization
After initializing the user memory, the Configuration Memory is programmed with the polling response and OTP data.
Figure 16 shows the polling response registers in blue, OTP memory in green, and access control registers in gray.
The Unique Die Serial Number register is factory programmed and cannot be changed.
There are 27 bytes of OTP memory available for customer use in 88SC PICCs, and 25 bytes in 88RF PICCs; these
registers are shown in green in Figure 16 and Figure 17. See Appendix M for detailed information on configuration of
the polling response registers. See Appendix H for detailed information on configuration of the access control registers.
Figure 16.
System Zone Map for 88SC PICCs showing the OTP and Polling Response Registers
$0
$1
$4
$5
RBmax
$6
$7
APP
AFI
MTZ
Anticollision
CMC
Unique Die Serial Number
$10
$18
$3
PUPI
$00
$08
$2
DCR
Read Only
Identification Number Nc
$20
$28
Access Registers, Password Registers, and Reserved
Access Control
$30
$38
$40
Issuer Code
$48
Figure 17.
System Zone Map for 88RF PICCs showing the OTP and Polling Response Registers
$0
$1
RBmax
$4
$5
AFI
$6
DCR
$7
APP
MTZ
CMC
Unique Die Serial Number
$10
$18
$3
PUPI
$00
$08
$2
Anticollision
HWR
Read Only
Identification Number Nc
$20
$28
Access Registers, Password Registers, and Reserved
$30
Access Control
$38
$40
Issuer Code
$48
85
5276C–RFID–3/09
Memory Test Zone (MTZ)
The MTZ is a 2 byte register with open read/write access for testing basic functionality of the PICC. Data written in the
MTZ cannot be protected from being rewritten; this field should not be used for application data.
Card Manufacturer Code (CMC)
This 16-bit or 32-bit register, defined by the customer during personalization, is often used to store card manufacturer
lot codes. This OTP register may contain any value; it is an information field that does not affect functionality.
Hardware Revision (HWR) [88RF]
This 16-bit register is defined by Atmel. This code identifies the hardware type and design revision. This code cannot
be modified. The HWR code for 88RF PICCs is $C2XX where XX is the design revision code.
Unique Die Serial Number (UDSN)
This 64-bit register is defined by Atmel. This code contains a unique serial number for each die and manufacturing
traceability data. This code cannot be modified. [This register was previously named "Lot History Code".]
Atmel reserves the right to modify the format of the contents of the UDSN register without notice. However the UDSN
register value is guaranteed to be unique for each die.
Identification Number Nc
This 56-bit register, defined by the customer during personalization, is often used to store card ID numbers. This OTP
register may contain any value; it is an information field that does not affect functionality.
Issuer Code
The 128-bit Issuer Code register is defined by the customer during personalization. This OTP register may contain any
value; it is an information field that does not affect functionality.
E.3.
Transport Password Check
The Transport Password must be presented using the Check Password command prior to writing the Configuration
Memory. The Transport Password for each CryptoRF device is shown in Table 60. The Transport Password is the
same for every device with the same base part number, it is never changed.
Table 60.
CryptoRF Transport Passwords
CryptoRF
Part Number
86
Transport Password
PW Index
Password
AT88RF04C
$07
$30 1D D2
AT88SC0808CRF
$07
$40 7F AB
AT88SC1616CRF
$07
$50 44 72
AT88SC3216CRF
$07
$60 78 AF
AT88SC6416CRF
$07
$70 BA 2E
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
E.4.
Security Fuse Programming
Three security fuses are programmed at the end of the personalization process to lock the PICC configuration. The
Write Fuse Byte option of the Write System Zone command is used to program the fuses. A fourth fuse, SEC, is
already programmed by Atmel before CryptoRF leaves the factory. The fuses can only be programmed in the specified
order.
The security fuse programming sequence is as follows:
1.
2.
3.
Send Write System Zone command with:
PARAM = $01, ADDR = $06, L = $00, DATA = $00 to program the FAB or ENC fuse.
Send Write System Zone command with:
PARAM = $01, ADDR = $04, L = $00, DATA = $00 to program the CMA or SKY fuse.
Send Write System Zone command with:
PARAM = $01, ADDR = $00, L = $00, DATA = $00 to program the PER fuse.
The response to each Write System Zone command should be ACK, and the fuse byte contents will be returned in the
STATUS byte. After all three fuses are programmed, the device configuration is locked and personalization is
complete.
E.5.
Secure Personalization
The 88RF PICCs support an optional encrypted personalization mode for programming the device secrets. The Secure
Personalization option is described in Appendix F. This option is not available on 88SC PICCs.
87
5276C–RFID–3/09
Appendix F.
Secure Personalization [88RF]
This appendix describes the optional Secure Personalization mode for 88RF PICCs. This mode allows the device
secrets to be written with data encryption, so that eavesdropping on the personalization process cannot compromise
the device secrets.
Figure 18.
Secure Personalization Process Flowchart
START
Personalize
User Zones
Check
Transport
Password
Program
ENC Security
Fuse
Activate
Encryption
Mode
Write / Verify
Configuration
Memory
Program
Security
Fuses
END
88
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
F.1.
User Memory Initialization
The user memory is initialized by using the Set User Zone command to select a User Zone, and writing the initial data
with Write User Zone commands. The data is automatically verified by the Automatic Data Write function as each Write
User Zone command is processed. The data can also be verified with Read User Zone commands. Each User Zone is
programmed in this manner.
F.2.
Transport Password Check
The Transport Password must be presented using the Check Password command prior to writing the Configuration
Memory. The Transport Password for each 88RF device is shown in Table 61. The Transport Password is the same for
every device with the same base part number; it is never changed by Atmel.
Table 61.
88RF PICC Transport Passwords
CryptoRF
Part Number
Transport Password
PW Index
Password
$07
$30 1D D2
AT88RF04C
F.3.
Security Fuse Programming
The optional Secure Personalization mode is enabled and disabled by programming the security fuses. By default the
Secure Personalization mode is disabled. Programming the ENC fuse enables Secure Personalization mode.
Three security fuses are programmed during the personalization process to lock the PICC configuration. The Write
Fuse Byte option of the Write System Zone command is used to program the fuses. A fourth fuse, SEC, is already
programmed by Atmel before CryptoRF leaves the factory. The fuses can only be programmed in the specified order.
The security fuse programming sequence is as follows:
1.
2.
3.
Send Write System Zone command with:
PARAM = $01, ADDR = $06, L = $00, DATA = $00 to program the ENC (Encryption) fuse. The Secure
Personalization mode is enabled by programming the ENC fuse.
Send Write System Zone command with:
PARAM = $01, ADDR = $04, L = $00, DATA = $00 to program the SKY (Secret Key) fuse. The secrets are locked
and the Secure Personalization mode is disabled by programming the SKY fuse.
Send Write System Zone command with:
PARAM = $01, ADDR = $00, L = $00, DATA = $00 to program the PER (Personalization) fuse. The Transport
Password is disabled by programming the PER fuse.
The response to each Write System Zone command should be ACK, and the fuse byte contents will be returned in the
STATUS byte. After all three fuses are programmed, the device configuration is locked and personalization is
complete.
F.4.
Secure Personalization Mode Data Encryption
When the optional Secure Personalization mode is enabled by programming the ENC fuse to 0b, then certain registers
in the configuration memory require communication encryption for read or write access. This is illustrated in Figure 19
below using color codes. The contents of registers with green shading are never encrypted when reading or writing,
regardless of the communication security mode of the PICC. Access to registers with pink shading is forbidden; no read
or write access is allowed.
The registers shaded in blue contain device "secrets", they cannot be written or read unless the Encryption
Communication Security mode has been activated (with any key set). The contents of these "secrets" registers is
encrypted when reading or writing. Use of the Write System Zone with Integrated MAC command is mandatory when
writing the "secrets" registers (see Section 6.10).
89
5276C–RFID–3/09
Figure 19.
Configuration Memory map showing Data Encryption Requirements for Fuse State ENC = 0b, SKY = 1b.
$0
$1
$08
$2
$3
$4
$5
PUPI
$00
RBmax
$6
$7
APP
AFI
MTZ
CMC
Anticollision
HWR
Unique Die Serial Number
$10
$18
DCR
$20
AR0
Read only
Identification Number Nc
KR0
AR1
KR1
AR2
KR2
AR3
KR3
$28
Reserved
$30
Access Control
$38
$40
Issuer Code
$48
$50
AAC0
Session Encryption Key S0
$58
$60
AAC1
AAC2
Cryptography
Cryptogram C2
Session Encryption Key S2
$78
$80
Cryptogram C1
Session Encryption Key S1
$68
$70
Cryptogram C0
AAC3
Cryptogram C3
$88
Session Encryption Key S3
$90
Secret Seed G0
$98
Secret Seed G1
$A0
Secret Seed G2
Secret
Secret Seed G3
$A8
$B0
PAC
Write 0
PAC
Read 0
$B8
PAC
Write 1
PAC
Read 1
$C0
PAC
Write 2
PAC
Read 2
$C8
Password
$D0
Reserved
$D8
$E0
$E8
$F0
$F8
PAC
Write 7
PAC
Read 7
Reserved
Forbidden
Programming the SKY fuse locks the Secret Seeds and Session Encryption Key registers so that the contents cannot
be read or changed. Once locked, these registers cannot be unlocked. The SKY fuse also disables the Secure
Personalization mode and disables the Write System Zone with Integrated MAC command.
The Configuration Memory Access requirements for all four of the Security Fuse states is described in Appendix G.
Note that it is not necessary to initialize the Session Encryption Key registers since any data contained in these
registers will be overwritten by the first Authentication Activation attempt.
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Appendix G. Security Fuses
There are four fuses which control access to the Configuration Memory. One fuse (SEC) is programmed by Atmel
before CryptoRF leaves the factory; the remaining three fuses are programmed during the personalization process.
Once a fuse is programmed, it can never be changed.
These fuses do not control access to the user memory; user memory access rights are defined in the Access
Registers. The security fuses are used to lock the state of the Access Registers, Passwords, Keys, and other
configuration data during the personalization process so that they cannot be changed after a card is issued.
G.1.
Reading the Security Fuses
To read the fuses send the Read System Zone command with PARAM = $01, ADDR = $FF, L = $00. The CryptoRF
response will contain one data byte, the Fuse Byte. A value of 0b indicates the fuse has been programmed. Bits 4 to 7
of this byte are not used as security fuses and are reserved by Atmel.
Figure 20.
F7
F6
F5
F4
F3
F2
F1
F0
RFU
RFU
RFU
RFU
SEC
PER
CMA
FAB
X
X
X
X
0
1
1
1
Figure 21.
G.2.
Definition of the DATA Byte received when reading the Fuse Byte of 88SC PICCs.
Default Value
Definition of the DATA Byte received when reading the Fuse Byte of 88RF PICCs.
F7
F6
F5
F4
F3
F2
F1
F0
RFU
RFU
RFU
RFU
SEC
ENC
SKY
PER
X
X
X
X
0
1
1
1
Default Value
Programming the Fuse Bits
Three security fuses are programmed at the end of the personalization process to lock the PICC configuration. The
Write Fuse Byte option of the Write System Zone command is used to program the fuses. A fourth fuse, SEC, is
already programmed by Atmel before CryptoRF leaves the factory. The fuses can only be programmed in the specified
order.
The security fuse programming sequence is as follows:
1.
2.
3.
Send Write System Zone command with:
PARAM = $01, ADDR = $06, L = $00, DATA = $00 to program the FAB or ENC fuse.
Send Write System Zone command with:
PARAM = $01, ADDR = $04, L = $00, DATA = $00 to program the CMA or SKY fuse.
Send Write System Zone command with:
PARAM = $01, ADDR = $00, L = $00, DATA = $00 to program the PER fuse.
The response to each Write System Zone command should be ACK, and the fuse byte contents will be returned in the
STATUS byte. After all three fuses are programmed, the device configuration is locked.
G.3.
Configuration Memory Access Control
Table 62 shows the Configuration Memory access conditions for each of the 88SC PICC security fuse settings. Table
63 shows the Configuration Memory access conditions for each of the 88RF PICC security fuse settings. The left
column contains the name of the register area in the Configuration Memory map. The next column indicates if that row
applies to Read System Zone commands or Write System Zone commands. The four columns to the right show the
security fuse states.
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The default state of the fuses when CryptoRF leaves the factory is SEC = 0b and the remaining three fuses set to 1b.
The left fuse column in Table 62 and Table 63 show the access conditions for this default fuse state.
Table 62.
Configuration Memory Access control by Security Fuse State for 88SC PICCs.
Fuse State
Registers
Operation
SEC = 0b
FAB = 1b
CMA = 1b
PER = 1b
SEC = 0b
FAB = 0b
CMA = 1b
PER = 1b
SEC = 0b
FAB = 0b
CMA = 0b
PER = 1b
SEC = 0b
FAB = 0b
CMA = 0b
PER = 0b
Anticollision
(Except MT2 and CMC)
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Write
Transport PW
Forbidden
Forbidden
Forbidden
Memory Test Zone
(MTZ)
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Card Manufacturer Code
(CMC)
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Write
Transport PW
Transport PW
Forbidden
Forbidden
Read Only
(Lot History Code)
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Write
Forbidden
Forbidden
Forbidden
Forbidden
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Write
Transport PW
Transport PW
Transport PW
Forbidden
Cryptography
(Except Encryption Key S)
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Write
Transport PW
Transport PW
Transport PW
Forbidden
Encryption Keys
(S)
Read
Transport PW
Transport PW
Transport PW
Forbidden
Transport PW
Transport PW
Transport PW
Forbidden
Transport PW
Transport PW
Transport PW
Write PW
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Write
Transport PW
Transport PW
Transport PW
Write PW
Forbidden
Forbidden
Forbidden
Forbidden
Access Control
Secret
Write
Write
Read
Write
Passwords
Read
Write
Password Attempt
Counters
(PAC)
Forbidden
Read
Write
The register access conditions in Table 62 and Table 63 are color coded. Open access is indicated by green. No
access permitted is indicated by magenta. If access is restricted, then the field is yellow. Blue fields indicate that
Encryption Activation is required for access.
For registers with restricted access, the requirement to gain access is indicated by the text. The text “Transport PW”
indicates that if the Transport Password is validated using the Check Password command, then access is granted. The
text “Write PW” indicates that if the Write Password of a password set is validated using the Check Password
command, then access is granted to the PAC registers and password registers for that password set only.
92
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Table 63.
Configuration Memory Access control by Security Fuse State for 88RF PICCs.
Fuse State
Registers
Operation
SEC = 0b
ENC = 1b
SKY = 1b
PER = 1b
SEC = 0b
ENC = 0b
SKY = 1b
PER = 1b
SEC = 0b
ENC = 0b
SKY = 0b
PER = 1b
SEC = 0b
ENC = 0b
SKY = 0b
PER = 0b
Anticollision
(Except MTZ, HWR)
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Write
Transport PW
Transport PW
Transport PW
Forbidden
Memory Test Zone
(MTZ)
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Hardware Revision
(HWR)
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Write
Forbidden
Forbidden
Forbidden
Forbidden
Read Only
(Unique Die Serial Number)
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Write
Forbidden
Forbidden
Forbidden
Forbidden
Access Control
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
(Except Nc, DCR)
Write
Transport PW
Transport PW
Transport PW
Forbidden
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Write
Transport PW
Transport PW
Forbidden
Forbidden
Cryptography
(Except Encryption Keys S)
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Write
Transport PW
Transport PW
Forbidden
Forbidden
Encryption Keys
(S)
Read
Transport PW
Transport PW
+ Encryption
Forbidden
Forbidden
Forbidden
Forbidden
Transport PW
Write PW
Nc and DCR
Secret
Write
Write
Read
Transport PW
Write
Passwords
Read
Transport PW
Write
Password Attempt
Counters
(PAC)
Forbidden
Transport PW
+ Encryption
Transport PW
+ Encryption
Read
Open
Open
Open
Open
Write
Transport PW
Transport PW
Transport PW
Write PW
Forbidden
Forbidden
Forbidden
Forbidden
Read
Write
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Appendix H. Configuration of Password and Access Control Registers
There are two types of configuration registers in CryptoRF, User Zone access control registers, and Device
Configuration Registers. The User Zone Access Registers (AR) set the access requirements for a single User Zone.
The Device Configuration Register (DCR) selects optional behaviors for the PICC. Both types of registers are
described in this appendix.
H.1.
User Zone Configuration Options
Access to each User Zone in the CryptoRF user memory is controlled by two registers in the Configuration Memory.
The Access Register controls the access conditions for the User Zone. The Password Register (PR) or Key Register
(KR) controls the password set assigned to the User Zone. The default setting for these registers sets the security
requirement to open access, no security features active, for all User Zones.
Each set of User Zone access control registers has a name matched to the User Zone name. For example for 88SC
PICCs, User Zone 1 is controlled by AR1 and PR1, User Zone 2 is controlled by AR2 and PR2. User Zone i is
controlled by ARi and PRi.
H.1.1. Access Registers (AR) [88SC]
There is one Access Register for each User Zone in the user memory. The default state of this register is $FF, which
disables all of the optional security features.
Figure 22.
Definition of the User Zone Access Registers for 88SC PICCs.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PM1
PM0
AM1
AM0
ER
WLM
MDF
PGO
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Default Value
The Access Register definition for 88SC PICCs is shown in Figure 22. Changes to the AR registers are effective
immediately.
Password Mode selection bits.
PM:
The PM0 and PM1 bits control the password requirements for the User Zone as shown in Table 64. By default, no
password is required for access to the User Zone. If PM = 10b, then write password verification is required for write
access; read access does not require any password. If PM = 01b or 00b, then write password verification is required for
read/write access and read password verification is required for read-only access. The password set assigned to the
zone is specified in the Password Register.
Table 64.
AM:
Coding of the Password Mode bits of the Access Register.
PM1
PM0
Access
1
1
No Password Required
1
0
Write Password Required
0
1
0
0
Read and Write Passwords Required
Authentication Mode selection bits.
The three Communication Security Mode control bits: AM0, AM1, and ER control the communication security
requirements for the User Zone as shown in Table 65. By default authentication and encryption communication security
are disabled. See Appendix J for information on the Authentication Communication Security modes.
ER:
94
Encryption Mode selection bit.
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
The three Communication Security Mode control bits: AM0, AM1, and ER control the communication security
requirements for the User Zone as shown in Table 65. By default authentication and encryption communication security
are disabled. See Appendix K for information on Encryption Communication Security.
Table 65.
Communication Security Mode options for 88SC PICCs.
AM1
AM0
ER
Communication Security Mode
Auth. Key (AK)
Pgm-Only Key (POK)
0
0
0
Reserved For Future Use (Not Supported)
N/A
N/A
0
0
1
Dual Access Authentication Mode
Read / Write Access
Read / Program Access
0
1
0
Reserved For Future Use (Not Supported)
N/A
N/A
0
1
1
Authentication for Read / Write
Read / Write Access
N/A
1
0
0
Reserved For Future Use (Not Supported)
N/A
N/A
1
0
1
Authentication for Write
Read / Write Access
N/A
1
1
0
Encryption for Read / Write
Read / Write Access
N/A
1
1
1
No Authentication or Encryption Required
N/A
N/A
Write Lock Mode control.
WLM:
By default the Write Lock Mode is disabled. If WLM = 0b then Write lock Mode is enabled and the User Zone is
effectively divided into 8 byte pages with the first byte of each page controlling write access to all 8 bytes. Figure 23
shows an example of WLM on two contiguous 8 byte pages.
Figure 23.
Page
$00
Page
$08
Example of byte level access control using the Write Lock Mode.
$0
$1
$2
$3
$4
$5
$6
$7
< Address
11011001 b
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
< Data
Locked
Locked
$8
$9
$A
$B
$C
$D
$E
$F
< Address
10101010 b
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
$xx
< Data
Locked
Locked
Locked
Locked
< Status
Locked
< Status
The first byte of each virtual 8 byte page is called the Write Lock Byte. Each bit of the Write Lock Byte controls the
locked status of one byte in the page. Write access is forbidden to a byte if its associated lock bit is set to 0b. Bit 7
controls byte 7, bit 6 controls byte 6, etc.
Note:
MDF:
When WLM is enabled, Write User Zone commands are restricted to a length of one byte.
Modify Forbidden mode control.
By default the Modify Forbidden mode is disabled. If MDF = 0b then Modify Forbidden mode is enabled and no write
access is allowed to the User Zone. The User Zone effectively becomes Read Only Memory (ROM).
PGO:
Program Only mode control.
By default the Program Only mode is disabled. If PGO = 0b then data within the User Zone may be changed from 1b to
0b, but never from 0b to 1b. Note that when PGO is enabled, Write User Zone commands are restricted to a length of
one byte.
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H.2.
Access Registers (AR) [88RF]
There is one Access Register for each User Zone in the user memory. The default state of this register is $FF, which
disables all of the optional security features.
Figure 24.
Definition of the Access Register for User Zone 1 of 88RF PICCs.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PM1
PM0
M2
M1
M0
RFU
MDF
PGO
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Figure 25.
Default Value
Definition of the Access Register for User Zones 0, 2, and 3 of 88RF PICCs.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PM1
PM0
M2
M1
M0
RFU
MDF
RFU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Default Value
The Access Register definition is shown in Figure 24 and Figure 25. Bit 2 is Reserved for Future Use. Changes to the
AR registers are effective immediately.
Password Mode selection bits.
PM:
The PM0 and PM1 bits control the password requirements for the User Zone as shown in Table 66. By default, no
password is required for access to the User Zone. If PM = 10b, then write password verification is required for write
access; read access does not require any password. If PM = 01b or 00b, then write password verification is required for
read/write access and read password verification is required for read-only access. The password set assigned to the
zone is specified in the Key Register.
Table 66.
M:
Coding of the Password Mode bits of the Access Register.
PM1
PM0
Access
1
1
No Password Required
1
0
Write Password Required
0
1
0
0
Read and Write Passwords Required
Communication Security Mode control.
The Access Register M bits determine the Communication Security mode requirements for the User Zone. By default
M = 111b and no Authentication or Encryption Activation is required to access the user memory.
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Table 67.
Communication Security Mode options for 88RF PICCs.
M2
M1
M0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Communication Security Mode
Primary Key (PK)
Read-Only Key (ROK)
Reserved For Future Use (Not Supported)
N/A
N/A
1
Reserved For Future Use (Not Supported)
N/A
N/A
1
0
Authentication for Read / Encryption for Write
Read / Write Access
Read Access
0
1
1
Authentication for Read / Write
Read / Write Access
Read Access
1
0
0
Encryption for Write
Read / Write Access
N/A
1
0
1
Authentication for Write
Read / Write Access
N/A
1
1
0
Encryption for Read / Write
Read / Write Access
Read Access
1
1
1
No Authentication or Encryption Required
N/A
N/A
Modify Forbidden mode control.
MDF:
By default the Modify Forbidden mode is disabled. If MDF = 0b then Modify Forbidden mode is enabled and no write
access is allowed to the User Zone. The User Zone effectively becomes Read Only Memory (ROM).
Program Only mode control.
PGO:
By default the Program Only mode is disabled. If PGO = 0b then data within the User Zone may be changed from 1b to
0b, but never from 0b to 1b. Note that PGO is only available in User Zone 1. If PGO is enabled, then the Write User
Zone data verification function is disabled when writing to User Zone 1 of 88RF PICCs. The PGO option is not available
in User Zones 0, 2, and 3 of 88RF PICCs.
H.2.1. Password Registers (PR) [88SC]
There is one Password Register for each User Zone in the user memory. The default state of this register is $FF.
Figure 26.
Definition of the User Zone Password Registers on 88SC PICCs.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
AK1
AK0
POK1
POK0
RFU
PW2
PW1
PW0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Default Value
The Password Register bit definitions are shown in Figure 26. Changes to the PR registers are effective immediately.
Authentication Key Set selection bits.
AK:
The Authentication Key Set selection bits control the key set assigned to a User Zone for communication security. The
Access Register bits determine the Communication Security mode. Any number of PR registers can point to the same
key set, allowing multiple User Zones to use the same key set.
Table 68.
Coding of the Authentication Key Set select bits for CryptoRF communication security.
AK1
AK0
Authentication Key
Encryption Key
0
0
Secret Seed G0
Session Key S0
0
1
Secret Seed G1
Session Key S1
1
0
Secret Seed G2
Session Key S2
1
1
Secret Seed G3
Session Key S3
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Program-Only Key Set selection bits.
POK:
The Program-Only Key Set selection bits control the key set assigned to a User Zone for communication security. The
Access Register bits determine the Communication Security mode. The POK bits are only used if Dual Access
Authentication mode has been selected. Any number of PR registers can point to the same key set, allowing multiple
User Zones to use the same key set.
Table 69.
Coding of the Program-Only Key Set select bits for CryptoRF communication security.
POK1
POK0
Authentication Key
0
0
Secret Seed G0
0
1
Secret Seed G1
1
0
Secret Seed G2
1
1
Secret Seed G3
Password Set selection bits.
PW:
The Password Set selection bits control the password set assigned to a User Zone. Table 70 shows the coding of
these register bits. Any number of PR registers can point to the same password set, allowing multiple User Zones to
use the same password set.
Table 70.
Coding of the Password Set select bits for the 8K bit and larger CryptoRF devices.
PW2
PW1
PW0
Password Set
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
2
0
1
1
3
1
0
0
4
1
0
1
5
1
1
0
6
1
1
1
7
H.2.2. Key Registers (KR) [88RF]
There is one Key Register for each User Zone in the user memory. The default state of this register is $FF.
Figure 27.
Definition of the User Zone Key Registers for 88RF PICCs.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PK1
PK2
ROK1
ROK2
RFU
PW2
PW1
PW0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Default Value
The Key Register bit definitions are shown in Figure 27. Changes to the KR registers are effective immediately.
PK:
Primary Key Set selection bits.
The Primary Key Set selection bits control the key set assigned to a User Zone for communication security. The
Access Register M bits determine the Communication Security mode associated with the PK bits.
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Table 71.
Coding of the Primary Key Set select bits for CryptoRF communication security on 88RF PICCs.
PK1
PK2
Authentication Key
Encryption Key
0
0
Secret Seed G0
Session Key S0
0
1
Secret Seed G1
Session Key S1
1
0
Secret Seed G2
Session Key S2
1
1
Secret Seed G3
Session Key S3
Read-Only Key Set selection bits.
ROK:
The Read-Only Key Set selection bits control the key set assigned to a User Zone for communication security. The
Access Register M bits determine the Communication Security mode associated with the ROK bits.
Table 72.
Coding of the Read-Only Key Set select bits for CryptoRF communication security on 88RF PICCs.
ROK1
ROK2
Authentication Key
Encryption Key
0
0
Secret Seed G0
Session Key S0
0
1
Secret Seed G1
Session Key S1
1
0
Secret Seed G2
Session Key S2
1
1
Secret Seed G3
Session Key S3
Password Set selection bits.
PW:
The Password Set selection bits control the password set assigned to a User Zone. Table 73 shows the coding of
these register bits. Any number of KR registers can point to the same password set, allowing multiple User Zones to
use the same password set.
Table 73.
Coding of the Password Set select bits on 88RF PICCs.
PW2
PW1
PW0
Password Set
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
2
1
1
1
7
All Other Values Are Not Supported
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5276C–RFID–3/09
H.3.
Device Configuration Options
There are a few configuration options which affect the overall behavior of the CryptoRF PICC. These options are
contained in the Device Configuration Register (DCR).
H.3.1. Device Configuration Register (DCR)
There is one Device Configuration Register in each PICC. The default state of this register is $FF for 88SC PICCs and
$7C for 88RF PICCs.
Figure 28.
Definition of the Device Configuration Register for 88SC PICCs.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
SME
UCR
UAT
ETA
EGTL
RFU
RFU
RFU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Figure 29.
Default Value
Definition of the Device Configuration Register for 88RF PICCs.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
SME
RFU
UAT
RFU
EGTL
RFU
WCS
RCS
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
Default Value
The DCR register definition is shown in Figure 28 and Figure 29. Bits 0, 1, and 2 are reserved for future use. Changes
to the DCR are effective at the next Power On or anticollision sequence.
SME:
Supervisor Mode Enable control.
By default the Supervisor Mode is disabled on 88SC PICCs and enabled on 88RF PICCs. If SME = 0b then Supervisor
Mode is enabled and Password Write 7 becomes the Supervisor Password. Successful verification of the Supervisor
Password grants read and write access to all passwords and Password Attempt Counters (PACs), allowing the
passwords to be changed and PACs to be reset.
UCR:
Unlimited Checksum Read control. [88SC]
By default the UCR is disabled. If UCR = 0b then Unlimited Checksum Reads are enabled. This function is intended for
development use only, since it allows systematic attacks on the security. This function does not affect the Password
Attempts Counters (PACs).
UAT:
Unlimited Authentication Trials control.
By default the UAT is disabled. If UAT = 0b then the Authentication Attempts Counters (AACs) are disabled for all key
sets. This function is intended for development use only, since it allows systematic attacks on the security. This
function does not affect the Password Attempts Counters (PACs).
ETA:
Extended Trials Allowed control. [88SC]
By default the Extended Trials Allowed option is disabled. If this option is enabled by setting ETA = 0b then the
maximum number of authentication and password trials is increased to permit a maximum of eight attempts before a
password or key is locked. If ETA is disabled then only four attempts are permitted.
EGTL:
Extra Guard Time Length control.
By default the Extra Guard Time Length option is disabled, which maximizes RF communication speed. This option
controls the Extra Guard Time (EGT) for all data transmitted by the PICC. The default setting of EGTL = 0b selects
zero ETUs of EGT. Setting EGTL = 1b selects two ETUs of EGT for all transmissions. The EGTL option does not affect
EGT requirements for data transmitted by the reader. See Appendix O for information about EGT.
WCS:
Write Checksum Timeout control. [88RF]
By default the WCS is enabled. In authentication and encryption communication security modes the correct checksum
must be provided within 77 mS or the write operation is aborted. Setting WCS = 1b disables the timeout function.
RCS:
Read Checksum control. [88RF]
By default the RCS is enabled, which allows one Read Checksum operation without resetting the cryptographic engine.
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Appendix I.
Using Password Security
CryptoRF contains security options that can be enabled by the customer at personalization. By default no security is
enabled, allowing CryptoRF to operate as a simple RFID EEPROM memory. Enabling password security on a User
Zone restricts access to the data to users with knowledge of the password.
I.1.
Communication Security
Communication between the PICC and reader operates in three security modes. The Normal mode allows
communication of all types of data in the clear. Authentication mode encrypts only passwords. Encryption mode
encrypts both user data and passwords. The default communication mode is Normal mode.
Table 74.
CryptoRF Communication Security Options.
Communication Mode
User Data
System Data
Passwords
Normal
Clear
Clear
Clear
Authentication
Clear
Clear
Encryption
Encryption
Clear(1)
Encryption
Encryption
Note:
1. 88RF PICCs support an encryption option for programming secrets. See Appendix F.
As shown in Table 74, passwords sent by the Host to CryptoRF in Normal Communication Security mode are
communicated in the clear, without being encrypted. In the Authentication or Encryption Communication Security
modes passwords are encrypted.
I.2.
Transport Password
The Transport Password protects the Configuration Memory contents on all CryptoRF devices from accidental
changes. All CryptoRF devices are shipped from Atmel with a Transport Password stored in password register Write 7.
No changes to the Configuration Memory are permitted unless the Transport Password has been verified using the
Check Password command.
Table 75.
CryptoRF Family Password Characteristics and Transport Passwords
Password Sets
CryptoRF
Part Number
Transport Password
Set Number
PW Index
Password
AT88RF04C
4 Sets
0,1,2,7
$07
$30 1D D2
AT88SC0808CRF
8 Sets
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
$07
$40 7F AB
AT88SC1616CRF
8 Sets
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
$07
$50 44 72
AT88SC3216CRF
8 Sets
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
$07
$60 78 AF
AT88SC6416CRF
8 Sets
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
$07
$70 BA 2E
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I.3.
The Password and PAC Registers
Each password set, along with its associated Password Attempt Counters is stored in an 8 byte segment in the
Password section of the Configuration Memory. Figure 30 illustrates password set “z” in the Configuration Memory
map. The Write Password and Write Password PAC are stored in the lower four bytes, while the Read Password and
Read Password PAC are stored in the upper four bytes.
Figure 30.
Password Set Register Format
$0
ADDR
$1
$2
PAC
PAC
$3
PW Write z
PW1
PW2
$4
$5
PAC
PW3
PAC
$6
$7
PW Read z
PW1
PW2
PW3
Each password register contains the three byte password that is compared with the three byte password that is sent for
verification with the Check Password command. The storage locations of the three password bytes is illustrated in the
bottom half of Figure 30.
Table 76.
Password Attempt Counter Coding for the Default DCR Configuration of 88SC PICCs.
PAC Register
Description
$FF
No Failed Attempts
$EE
1 Failed Attempt
$CC
2 Failed Attempts
$88
3 Failed Attempts
$00
4 Failed Attempts (LOCK)
All Other Values Are Not Supported
Table 77.
Password Attempt Counter Coding for the Extended Trials Allowed DCR Configuration of 88SC PICCs.
PAC Register
Description
$FF
No Failed Attempts
$FE
1 Failed Attempt
$FC
2 Failed Attempts
$F8
3 Failed Attempts
$F0
4 Failed Attempts
$E0
5 Failed Attempts
$C0
6 Failed Attempts
$80
7 Failed Attempts
$00
8 Failed Attempts (LOCK)
All Other Values Are Not Supported
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Table 78.
Password Attempt Counter Coding for 88RF PICCs.
PAC Register
Description
$55
No Failed Attempts
$56
1 Failed Attempt
$59
2 Failed Attempts
$5A
3 Failed Attempts
$65
4 Failed Attempts
$66
5 Failed Attempts
$69
6 Failed Attempts
$6A
7 Failed Attempts
$95
8 Failed Attempts
$96
9 Failed Attempts
$99
10 Failed Attempts
$9A
11 Failed Attempts
$A5
12 Failed Attempts
$A6
13 Failed Attempts
$A9
14 Failed Attempts
$AA
15 Failed Attempts (LOCK)
All Other Values Are Not Supported
The Password Attempt Counters contain a value which indicates how many unsuccessful password verification
attempts have been made using the Password Index of the corresponding password. Table 76, Table 77, and Table 78
show coding of the PAC register. On 88SC PICCs the DCR register bit ETA selects the number of password attempt
that are permitted; the default configuration allows four attempts, ETA = 0b allows eight attempts. On 88RF PICCs the
maximum number of attempts is fifteen. If the PAC reaches the maximum count, then the corresponding password is
locked and all subsequent Check Password commands will fail.
I.4.
Password Security Options
Password security for a User Zone is enabled by programming the Access Register for the zone. A Password Set is
assigned to the User Zone by programming the Password Register for the zone. Configuration of the registers is
described in Appendix H.
Table 79.
Coding of the Password Mode bits of the Access Register.
PM1
PM0
Access
1
1
No Password Required
1
0
Write Password Required
0
1
0
0
Read and Write Passwords Required
Table 79 shows the available password security options. The default setting of PM=11b disables password security.
The remaining two options enable password security for either writes only, or for both reads and writes.
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If PM = 10b, then the Write Password is required to be verified before a Write User Zone command will be accepted.
Data reads are not restricted in this configuration.
If read and write password security is enabled by setting PM = 01b or PM = 00b, then verification of the Read
Password allows access to data with the Read User Zone command; however no write access is permitted. Verification
of the Write Password allows access to the data with either Read User Zone or Write User Zone commands.
I.5.
Password Verification
A password is sent for verification using the Check Password command as shown in Figure 31. The Password Index
identifies the Password Register that the password will be compared against. If the passwords match, then the PICC
will latch the verification status as PASS along with the Password Index in an internal register, write the PAC to show
no failed attempts, and return an ACK in the response.
The internal password security status register maintains its state until the PICC is reset or some other event causes
them to be changed. For example, sending another Check Password command will update these registers to reflect the
success or failure of the new password verification event. Note that only one password is active at any time, and only
the status of the most recent password verification event is stored in the PICC.
If multiple User Zones are assigned the same Password Set, then a single Check Password command will provide
access to all of these User Zones. Note that it does not matter if the Set User Zone command is sent before or after a
Check Password command. The currently selected User Zone is stored in a register that is independent of the
password security status register.
Figure 31.
Check Password Command and Response
Reader
Command >
CID
PICC
$C
Password Index
PW 1
PW 2
PW 3
CRC1
CRC2
Echo Command >
CID
$C
ACK/NACK
STATUS
CRC1
CRC2
If a Check Password command fails, then the PICC returns a NACK and a non-zero Status byte in the response. This
Status byte reports the reason for failure of the operation. See the Check Password Command [$cC], Section 6.19 of
this specification for a description of the Status codes.
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Table 80.
Check Password Command ACK/NACK Coding
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ACK
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
NACK, See STATUS byte for PICC information
0
0
0
1
NACK, Check Password Attempt Failure
Password Attempts Count
Response Decode
A Check Password response NACK can be coded two different ways, depending on the reason for failure.
If failure of the Check Password command results in the Password Attempt Counter being incremented, then the NACK
byte will contain an embedded code indicating the number of failed attempts. This special NACK will contain one of the
following values: $11, $21, $31, $41, $51, $61, $71, $81 for 88SC PICCs. The upper nibble of the NACK byte is the
number of failed attempts (1 to 8 failures), while the lower nibble is the NACK code $1.
For 88RF PICCs this special NACK will contain one of the following values: $11, $21, $31, $41, $51, $61, $71, $81,
$91, $A1, $B1, $C1, $D1, $E1, $F1. The upper nibble of the NACK byte is the number of failed attempts (1 to 15
failures), while the lower nibble is the NACK code $1.
If failure of the Check Password command does not results in the Password Attempt Counter being incremented, then
the NACK byte will contain $01.
I.6.
Changing Passwords
To change a password after the personalization procedure is complete and the card configuration has been locked by
programming the security fuses, it is necessary to successfully verify the Write Password of a password set using the
Check Password command. The Read Password and Write Password registers and PACs can then be written using a
Write System Zone command, and verified using the Read System Zone command.
If the PAC for the Write Password has reached the attempt count limit, then the Write Password will be locked and it is
not possible to change the passwords or PACs in this set. However if the optional Supervisor Mode has been enabled
in the DCR, then the Supervisor Password can be used to enable write access to the passwords unless the Supervisor
Password is also locked.
I.7.
Supervisor Password
Supervisor Mode is an optional feature that can be enabled by programming SME = 0b in the DCR register. In
Supervisor Mode a Supervisor Password is enabled that grants read and write access to all of the password sets and
PACs. Password Write 7 is the Supervisor Password if SME = 0b.
If the Supervisor Password is successfully verified, then it is possible to write any of the passwords and PACs. This
allows passwords to be easily changed in the field, and for PACs to be reset to $FF (no unsuccessful attempts) by
writing the registers using the Write System Zone command.
When a PICC is configured with SME = 0b, it is recommended that Password Set 7 be reserved for the Supervisor
Password. User Zones using password security should be configured to use other password sets. If a PICC is
configured in this manner, then it is unlikely that the PAC for Password Write 7 will accidentally become locked (due to
too many unsuccessful attempts). If the PAC for Password Write 7 is locked, then all subsequent attempts to verify the
Supervisor Password will fail.
Supervisor Mode changes the Configuration Memory access requirements for the Password section of the memory
only. Enabling Supervisor Mode does not change the access requirements for any other configuration registers.
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Appendix J.
Using Authentication Communication Security
CryptoRF contains security options that can be enabled by the customer at personalization. By default no security is
enabled, allowing CryptoRF to operate as a simple RFID EEPROM memory. Enabling Authentication Communication
Security on a User Zone restricts access to the data to users with knowledge of the Authentication key.
J.1.
Communication Security
Communication between the PICC and reader operates in three security modes. The Normal mode allows
communication of all types of data in the clear. Authentication Communication Security mode encrypts only passwords.
Encryption Communication Security mode encrypts both user data and passwords. The default communication mode is
Normal mode.
Table 81.
CryptoRF Communication Security Options.
Communication Mode
User Data
System Data
Passwords
Normal
Clear
Clear
Clear
Authentication
Clear
Clear
Encryption
Encryption
Clear(1)
Encryption
Encryption
Note:
1. 88RF PICCs support an encryption option for programming secrets. See Appendix F.
Authentication Communication Security is activated by performing Mutual Authentication between the Host system and
the PICC using the Verify Crypto command. Once activated, the PICC will remain in Authentication mode until a
security error occurs, a new Verify Crypto command is received, RF power is removed, or a DESELECT command or
IDLE command is received.
J.2.
Authentication Security Options [88SC]
Authentication Communication Security for a User Zone is enabled by programming the Access Register (AR) and
Password Register (PR) for the zone. The Communication Security Mode (M) bits [AM1, AM0, ER] of the Access
Register determine the Communication Security requirements for the User Zone. The Password Register determines
which Key Set(s) are used to access the User Zone. Configuration of the AR and PR registers is described in
Appendix H.
Table 82.
Selecting Authentication using the Communication Security Mode bits of the Access Register.
AM1
AM0
ER
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
Communication Security Mode
Auth. Key (AK)
Pgm-Only Key (POK)
Dual Access Authentication Mode
Read / Write Access
Read / Program Access
1
Authentication for Read / Write
Read / Write Access
N/A
0
1
Authentication for Write
Read / Write Access
N/A
1
1
No Authentication or Encryption Required
N/A
N/A
Table 82 shows the three 88SC PICC Authentication Communication Security options, plus the default setting. By
default M = 111b and no Authentication or Encryption Activation is required to access the user memory.
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
J.2.1. M = 001b Security – Dual Access Authentication Mode
When M = 001b Authentication is required for Read or Write access to the User Zone. If Authentication is performed
with the key identified in the POK bits of the Password Register, then Read and Program-Only access is granted to the
User Zone. In this state data may be changed from "1b" to "0b", but never from "0b" to "1b".
If Authentication is performed with the key identified in the AK bits of the Password Register, then full Read/Write
access is granted to the User Zone. A checksum is required for write operations.
J.2.2. M = 011b Security – Authentication for Read / Write
When M = 011b Authentication is required for Read or Write access to the User Zone. If Authentication is performed
with the key identified in the AK bits of the Password Register, then Read/Write access is granted to the User Zone. A
checksum is required for write operations.
J.2.3. M = 101b Security – Authentication for Write
When M = 101b Authentication is required for Write access to the User Zone. If Authentication is performed with the
key identified in the AK bits of the Password Register, then Read/Write access is granted to the User Zone. Read-Only
access does not require Authentication or Encryption Activation. A checksum is required for write operations.
J.3.
Authentication Security Options [88RF]
Authentication Communication Security for a User Zone is enabled by programming the Access Register (AR) and Key
Register (KR) for the zone. The Communication Security Mode (M) bits of the Access Register determine the
Communication Security requirements for the User Zone. The Key Register determines which Key Set(s) are used to
access the User Zone. Configuration of the AR and KR registers is described in Appendix H.
Table 83.
Selecting Authentication using the Communication Security Mode bits of the Access Register.
M2
M1
M0
Communication Security Mode
Primary Key (PK)
Read-Only Key (ROK)
0
1
0
Authentication for Read / Encryption for Write
Read / Write Access
Read Access
0
1
1
Authentication for Read / Write
Read / Write Access
Read Access
1
0
1
Authentication for Write
Read / Write Access
N/A
1
1
1
No Authentication or Encryption Required
N/A
N/A
Table 83 shows the three 88RF PICC Authentication Security options, plus the default setting. By default M = 111b and
no Authentication or Encryption Activation is required to access the user memory.
J.3.1. M = 010b Security - Authentication for Read / Encryption for Write
When M = 010b Authentication is required for Read access to the User Zone. Encryption Activation is required for Write
Access to the User Zone. If Authentication is performed with the key identified in the ROK bits of the Key Register, then
Read-Only access is granted to the User Zone. If Encryption Activation is performed with the key identified in the PK
bits of the Key Register, then Read/Write access is granted to the User Zone. A checksum is required for write
operations.
The M = 010b mode is a new feature in 88RF PICCs. This mode is not available in 88SC devices.
J.3.2. M = 011b Security - Authentication for Read / Write
When M = 011b Authentication is required for Read or Write access to the User Zone. If Authentication is performed
with the key identified in the PK bits of the Key Register, then Read/Write access is granted to the User Zone. If
Authentication is performed with the key identified in the ROK bits of the Key Register, then Read-Only access is
granted to the User Zone. A checksum is required for write operations.
If the PK and ROK bits of the Key Register select the same Key Set, then the Read-Only function is effectively
disabled. Authenticating 88RF PICCs with the PK key results in behavior identical to 88SC devices. The Read-Only
function is not supported by 88SC devices.
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J.3.3. M = 101b Security - Authentication for Write
When M = 101b Authentication is required for Write access to the User Zone. If Authentication is performed with the
key identified in the PK bits of the Key Register, then Read/Write access is granted to the User Zone. Read-Only
access does not require Authentication or Encryption Activation. A checksum is required for write operations.
88RF PICC behavior is identical to 88SC devices when M = 101b.
J.4.
The Password Register [88SC]
The Password Registers are used to select the Key Sets for Authentication or Encryption Communication Security. Any
Key Set can be used with any User Zone by programming the Key Register for the User Zone with the appropriate AK
and POK values. One Key Set can be used with any number of User Zones.
Figure 32.
Definition of the User Zone Password Registers on 88SC PICCs.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
AK1
AK0
POK1
POK0
RFU
PW2
PW1
PW0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Default Value
The Authentication Key Set selection bits control the key set assigned to a User Zone for communication security. The
Access Register bits determine the Communication Security mode associated with the AK bits.
Table 84.
Coding of the Authentication Key Set select bits for CryptoRF communication security.
AK1
AK0
Authentication Key
Encryption Key
0
0
Secret Seed G0
Session Key S0
0
1
Secret Seed G1
Session Key S1
1
0
Secret Seed G2
Session Key S2
1
1
Secret Seed G3
Session Key S3
The Program-Only Key Set selection bits control the key set assigned to a User Zone for communication security. The
Access Register bits determine the Communication Security mode associated with the POK bits. The POK bits are only
used in Dual Access Authentication mode.
Table 85.
108
Coding of the Program-Only Key Set select bits for CryptoRF communication security.
POK1
POK0
Authentication Key
0
0
Secret Seed G0
0
1
Secret Seed G1
1
0
Secret Seed G2
1
1
Secret Seed G3
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
J.5.
The Key Register [88RF]
The Key Registers are used to select the Key Sets for Authentication or Encryption Communication Security. Any Key
Set can be used with any User Zone by programming the Key Register for the User Zone with the appropriate PK and
ROK values. One Key Set can be used with any number of User Zones.
Figure 33.
Definition of the Key Registers on 88RF PICCs.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PK1
PK2
ROK1
ROK2
RFU
PW2
PW1
PW0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Default Value
The Primary Key Set selection bits control the key set assigned to a User Zone for communication security. The
Access Register M bits determine the Communication Security mode associated with the PK bits.
Table 86.
Coding of the Primary Key Set select bits.
PK1
PK2
Authentication Key
Encryption Key
0
0
Secret Seed G0
Session Key S0
0
1
Secret Seed G1
Session Key S1
1
0
Secret Seed G2
Session Key S2
1
1
Secret Seed G3
Session Key S3
The Read-Only Key Set selection bits control the key set assigned to a User Zone for communication security. The
Access Register M bits determine the Communication Security mode associated with the ROK bits. For some
Communication Security modes the ROK register bits are not used.
Table 87.
Coding of the Read-Only Key Set select bits.
ROK1
ROK2
Authentication Key
Encryption Key
0
0
Secret Seed G0
Session Key S0
0
1
Secret Seed G1
Session Key S1
1
0
Secret Seed G2
Session Key S2
1
1
Secret Seed G3
Session Key S3
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J.6.
Key Sets
CryptoRF has four Key Sets. Each Key Set is associated with four registers in the Configuration Memory. The
Authentication Key is stored in the Secret Seed Gi register. The Authentication Attempt Counter for Secret Seed Gi is
stored in the AACi register. The Cryptogram Ci register is used during Authentication Activation procedure to store the
response to the Host challenge. The Session Key Si register is used to store the Encryption Activation key.
Figure 34.
Partial Configuration Memory map showing the Key Set Registers.
$0
$50
AAC0
AAC1
AAC2
$4
$5
$6
$7
Cryptogram C0
Cryptogram C1
Cryptogram C2
Cryptography
Session Encryption Key S2
$78
$80
$3
Session Encryption Key S1
$68
$70
$2
Session Encryption Key S0
$58
$60
$1
AAC3
Cryptogram C3
$88
Session Encryption Key S3
$90
Secret Seed G0
$98
Secret Seed G1
$A0
Secret Seed G2
$A8
Secret Seed G3
Secret
Figure 34 shows the portion of the Configuration Memory that contains the Key Set registers. The registers shaded in
green can always be read, but cannot be written after personalization. The registers shaded in blue cannot be written
or read after personalization. Note that all of the Security Fuses must be programmed during personalization for the
device secrets to be secure.
Key Set i uses registers AACi, Ci, Gi and Si. If AACi is locked, the Key Set i is permanently disabled and any User Zone
requiring Key Set i for Authentication or Encryption Activation will no longer be accessible.
J.6.1. Changing Keys
The Secret Seeds cannot be modified after the Security Fuses are programmed during personalization. The AAC
registers cannot be re-written after the Security Fuses are programmed either. This is true even if the SME option in the
DCR register is enabled.
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
J.7.
AAC Registers
The Authentication Attempt Counters contain a value which indicates how many unsuccessful Authentication attempts
have been made using the Key Index of the corresponding Secret Seed. Table 88, Table 89 and Table 90 shows
coding of the AAC register. If the AAC reaches the maximum count of 4 or 8 on 88SC PICCs, then the corresponding
key set is locked and all subsequent Authentication attempts will fail. If the AAC reaches the maximum count of 15 on
88RF PICCs, then the corresponding key set is locked and all subsequent Authentication attempts will fail.
If the AAC contents are corrupted, or are programmed with an undefined value, then the corresponding key set is
locked and all subsequent Authentication attempts will fail. The AAC registers can always be read using the Read
System Zone command.
Table 88.
Authentication Attempt Counter Coding for the Default Configuration of 88SC PICCs.
AAC Register
Description
$FF
No Failed Attempts
$EE
1 Failed Attempt
$CC
2 Failed Attempts
$88
3 Failed Attempts
$00
4 Failed Attempts (LOCK)
All Other Values Are Not Supported
Table 89.
Authentication Attempt Counter Coding for the Extended Trials Allowed Configuration of 88SC PICCs.
AAC Register
Description
$FF
No Failed Attempts
$FE
1 Failed Attempt
$FC
2 Failed Attempts
$F8
3 Failed Attempts
$F0
4 Failed Attempts
$E0
5 Failed Attempts
$C0
6 Failed Attempts
$80
7 Failed Attempts
$00
8 Failed Attempts (LOCK)
All Other Values Are Not Supported
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Table 90.
Authentication Attempt Counter Coding for 88RF PICCs.
AAC Register
Description
$55
No Failed Attempts
$56
1 Failed Attempt
$59
2 Failed Attempts
$5A
3 Failed Attempts
$65
4 Failed Attempts
$66
5 Failed Attempts
$69
6 Failed Attempts
$6A
7 Failed Attempts
$95
8 Failed Attempts
$96
9 Failed Attempts
$99
10 Failed Attempts
$9A
11 Failed Attempts
$A5
12 Failed Attempts
$A6
13 Failed Attempts
$A9
14 Failed Attempts
$AA
15 Failed Attempts (LOCK)
All Other Values Are Not Supported
J.8.
Authentication Activation
Authentication Communication Security is activated using the following Mutual Authentication procedure.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The Host reads the PICC ID from Nc (or another equivalent memory location) and calculates the diversified key
matching the PICC Secret Seed G. G = F1(K, ID, x, y, z)
The Host reads AACi and Ci from card.
A
A
The Host generates a Random Number Q and calculates challenge CH and other parameters with the
cryptographic engine: [CHA, CA, SA] = F2(G, C, QA)
A
A
The Host Sends Verify Crypto Command with Key Index $0i: Verify Crypto ($0i, Q , CH )
The PICC calculates challenge CH and other parameters using QA from the host with the cryptographic engine:
A
A
A
[CH, Ci , Si ] = F2(Gi, Ci, Q )
The PICC compares the internally calculated challenge CH to the value received from the host. If CH = CHA then
A
A
the host is authenticated and the card writes the calculated values of Ci to the Ci register and Si to the Si register.
The AACi is cleared, Authentication Communication Security mode is activated, and an ACK response is returned
to the host.
The Host reads the new AACi and CiA from Ci register of the PICC and compares it to the calculated CA from step
A
A
3. If C = Ci then the card is authenticated. The Mutual Authentication procedure is complete.
The Secret Seed Gi value in the PICC never changes after it is locked at personalization. The AACi, and Ci registers
are written (by the PICC) each time a Verify Crypto command is received by the PICC. The Si register is written (by the
PICC) each time the Mutual Authentication procedure succeeds.
If the Host receives a NACK response from the PICC, then the Mutual Authentication procedure can be retried starting
with step 2.
Figure 35 shows the Mutual Authentication procedure as a flowchart.
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Figure 35.
Mutual Authentication Procedure
START
Authentication
Host System
Operations
i = Card Key Set Number
Read Card
ID
(Nc field
or other ID)
Store
ID
Note: CryptoRF Card must
be in Active State before
Starting Authentication
Answer with
Nc
(or equivalent)
Read System Zone Command
Return Data
Read
AACi and
Cryptogram Ci
Store C =
AACi + Ci
CryptoRF Card
Operations
Answer with
AACi and
Cryptogram Ci
Read System Zone Command
Return Data
Alternate Flow (if new "C" already stored)
Card
Auth Key Set
is Locked
END
(FAILURE)
Receive
Verify Crypto
Command with
QA and ChA
Is AACi Max ?
YES
Card enters
Normal Mode
NO
Secret Host
Key K
+
x,y,z (if reqd.)
Calculate
Diversified Key G
with K, ID, x, y, z
using F1 Function
Is AACi Max ?
YES
NO
Generate
Random
Number QA
Calculate
Challenge ChA,
Cryptogram CA
Session Key SA
with G, C, QA
using F2 Function
Store CA
and
Session Key
SA
Does
ChA match
CH ?
Send Verify Crypto
Command with
QA and ChA
YES
Do you want
to retry ?
NO
END
(FAILURE)
Card
Authentication
Failed
Calculate
Challenge CH,
Cryptogram CiA,
Session Key SiA
with Ci, Gi, QA
using F2 Function
Receive Response
YES
Verify Crypto Command
HOST is
Authenticated
YES
Send
ACK
Response
Send
NACK
Response
Card enters
Authentication Mode
Card is in
Normal Mode
Is AAC i
Cleared ?
Read System Zone Command
YES
Return Data
NO
Increment
and Store
AACi
Clear
AACi
Is
Response
NACK
?
Read
AACi and
Cryptogram
CiA
NO
NO
Store CiA
and
Session Key
SiA
Response
NO
Store
AACi + CiA
Secret Seed
Gi
Cryptogram
Ci
Answer with
AACi and
Cryptogram
CiA
Does CiA
Match
CA ?
YES
Host enters
Authentication Mode
Card is
Authenticated
END
Authentication
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J.8.1. Key Index
The Key Index byte of the Verify Crypto command selects the Key Set that the PICC uses to perform the Mutual
Authentication procedure.
Table 91.
Key Index coding for the Verify Crypto command for Mutual Authentication
Key Index
J.9.
Key
$00
Secret Seed G0
$01
Secret Seed G1
$02
Secret Seed G2
$03
Secret Seed G3
Set User Zone and Checksums
The Mutual Authentication procedure can be performed before or after the Set User Zone command is sent. It is not
necessary to repeat the Mutual Authentication procedure when changing User Zones unless the new User Zone
requires a different Key Set. If Authentication Communication Security is activated and the application later selects a
User Zone that does not require Authentication, the PICC will remain in Authentication Communication Security mode
and all of the Authentication mode requirements will continue to apply.
When Authentication Communication Security is active the Host must supply a correct cryptographic checksum when
writing data to a User Zone. This is true even if the User Zone Access Register does not require Authentication for
access to the zone.
J.10.
Passwords
When Authentication Communication Security is active Passwords are encrypted during communications. The Host is
required to encrypt the three password bytes when sending the Check Password command. The PICC encrypts any
password bytes that are accessed with the Read System Zone command. The Host is required to encrypt any
password bytes when sending the Write System Zone command.
J.11.
Deactivating Authentication Communication Security
Once activated, the PICC will remain in Authentication Communication Security mode until a security error occurs, a
new Verify Crypto command is received, RF power is removed, or a DESELECT command or IDLE command is
received.
In some applications it is necessary to deactivate Authentication Communication Security so that data can be written to
a User Zone that has open read/write access without the necessity of computing a cryptographic checksum. While
there are several possible ways to reset the cryptographic engine and exit the Authentication Communication Security
mode, it is recommended that the Send Checksum command be used for this purpose.
If the PICC receives a Send Checksum command containing an incorrect checksum, the PICC resets the cryptographic
engine, returns to Normal Communication mode, and returns a NACK response to the host. The AACi register is not
incremented by the PICC when a bad checksum is received, so there is no penalty for using Send Checksum to exit
Authentication mode.
114
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Appendix K. Using Encryption Communication Security
CryptoRF contains security options that can be enabled by the customer at personalization. By default no security is
enabled, allowing CryptoRF to operate as a simple RFID EEPROM memory. Enabling Encryption Communication
Security on a User Zone restricts access to the data to users with knowledge of the Authentication key.
K.1.
Communication Security
Communication between the PICC and reader operates in three security modes. The Normal mode allows
communication of all types of data in the clear. Authentication Communication Security mode encrypts only passwords.
Encryption Communication Security mode encrypts both user data and passwords. The default communication mode is
Normal mode.
Table 92.
CryptoRF Communication Security Options.
Communication Mode
User Data
System Data
Passwords
Normal
Clear
Clear
Clear
Authentication
Clear
Clear
Encryption
Encryption
Note:
Encryption
Clear
(1)
Encryption
1. 88RF PICCs support an encryption option for programming secrets. See Appendix F.
Encryption Communication Security is activated by performing Mutual Authentication between the Host system and the
PICC using the Verify Crypto command, followed by the Encryption Activation procedure. Once activated, the PICC
will remain in Encryption mode until a security error occurs, a new Verify Crypto command is received, RF power is
removed, or a DESELECT command or IDLE command is received.
K.2.
Encryption Security Options [88SC]
Encryption Communication Security for a User Zone is enabled by programming the Access Register (AR) and
Password Register (PR) for the zone. The Communication Security Mode (M) bits [AM1, AM0, ER] of the Access
Register determine the Communication Security requirements for the User Zone. The Password Register determines
which Key Set is used to access the User Zone. Configuration of the AR and PR registers is described in Appendix H.
Table 93.
Selecting Encryption using the Communication Security Mode bits of the Access Register.
AM1
AM0
ER
Communication Security Mode
1
1
0
Encryption for Read / Write
1
1
1
No Authentication or Encryption Required
Auth. Key (AK)
Pgm-Only Key (POK)
Read / Write Access
N/A
N/A
N/A
Table 93 shows the one CryptoRF Encryption Communication Security option for 88SC PICCs, plus the default setting.
By default M = 111b and no Authentication or Encryption Activation is required to access the user memory.
K.2.1. M = 110b Security – Encryption for Read / Write
When M = 110b Encryption is required for Read or Write access to the User Zone. If Encryption Activation is performed
with the key identified in the AK bits of the Password Register, then Read/Write access is granted to the User Zone. A
checksum is required for write operations.
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K.3.
Encryption Security Options [88RF]
Encryption Communication Security for a User Zone is enabled by programming the Access Register (AR) and Key
Register (KR) for the zone. The Communication Security Mode (M) bits of the Access Register determine the
Communication Security requirements for the User Zone. The Key Register determines which Key Set(s) are used to
access the User Zone. Configuration of the AR and KR registers is described in Appendix H.
Table 94.
Selecting Encryption using the Communication Security Mode bits of the Access Register.
M2
M1
M0
Communication Security Mode
Primary Key (PK)
Read-Only Key (ROK)
0
1
0
Authentication for Read / Encryption for Write
Read / Write Access
Read Access
1
0
0
Encryption for Write
Read / Write Access
N/A
1
1
0
Encryption for Read / Write
Read / Write Access
Read Access
1
1
1
No Authentication or Encryption Required
N/A
N/A
Table 94 shows the three Encryption Security options for 88RF PICCs, plus the default setting. By default M = 111b
and no Authentication or Encryption Activation is required to access the user memory.
K.3.1. M = 010b Security - Authentication for Read / Encryption for Write
When M = 010b Authentication is required for Read access to the User Zone. Encryption Activation is required for Write
Access to the User Zone. If Authentication is performed with the key identified in the ROK bits of the Key Register, then
Read-Only access is granted to the User Zone. If Encryption Activation is performed with the key identified in the PK
bits of the Key Register, then Read/Write access is granted to the User Zone. A checksum is required for write
operations.
The M = 010b mode is a new feature in 88RF PICCs. This mode is not available in 88SC devices.
K.3.2. M = 100b Security - Encryption for Write
When M = 100b Encryption is required for Write access to the User Zone. If Encryption Activation is performed with the
key identified in the PK bits of the Key Register, then Read/Write access is granted to the User Zone. Read-Only
access does not require Authentication or Encryption Activation. A checksum is required for write operations.
The M = 100b mode is a new feature in 88RF PICCs. This mode is not available in 88SC devices.
K.3.3. M = 110b Security - Encryption for Read / Write
When M = 110b Encryption is required for Read or Write access to the User Zone. If Encryption Activation is performed
with the key identified in the PK bits of the Key Register, then Read/Write access is granted to the User Zone. If
Encryption Activation is performed with the key identified in the ROK bits of the Key Register, then Read-Only access is
granted to the User Zone. A checksum is required for write operations.
If the PK and ROK bits of the Key Register select the same Key Set, then the Read-Only function is effectively
disabled. Encryption Activation of 88RF PICCs with the PK key results in behavior identical to 88SC devices. The
Read-Only function is not supported by 88SC devices.
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
K.4.
The Password Register [88SC]
The Password Registers are used to select the Key Sets for Authentication or Encryption Communication Security on
88SC PICCs. Any Key Set can be used with any User Zone by programming the Password Register for the User Zone
with the appropriate AK and POK values. One Key Set can be used with any number of User Zones.
Figure 36.
Definition of the User Zone Password Registers on 88SC PICCs.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
AK1
AK0
POK1
POK0
RFU
PW2
PW1
PW0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Default Value
The Authentication Key Set selection bits control the key set assigned to a User Zone for communication security. The
Access Register bits determine the Communication Security mode associated with the AK bits.
Table 95.
Coding of the Authentication Key Set select bits for CryptoRF communication security.
AK1
AK0
Authentication Key
Encryption Key
0
0
Secret Seed G0
Session Key S0
0
1
Secret Seed G1
Session Key S1
1
0
Secret Seed G2
Session Key S2
1
1
Secret Seed G3
Session Key S3
The Program-Only Key Set selection bits control the key set assigned to a User Zone for communication security. The
Access Register bits determine the Communication Security mode associated with the POK bits. The POK bits are only
used in Dual Access Authentication mode.
Table 96.
Coding of the Program-Only Key Set select bits for CryptoRF communication security.
POK1
POK0
Authentication Key
0
0
Secret Seed G0
0
1
Secret Seed G1
1
0
Secret Seed G2
1
1
Secret Seed G3
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K.5.
The Key Register [88RF]
The Key Registers are used to select the Key Sets for Authentication or Encryption Communication Security on 88RF
PICCs. Any Key Set can be used with any User Zone by programming the Key Register for the User Zone with the
appropriate PK and ROK values. One Key Set can be used with any number of User Zones.
Figure 37.
Definition of the Key Registers on 88RF PICCs.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PK1
PK2
ROK1
ROK2
RFU
PW2
PW1
PW0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Default Value
The Primary Key Set selection bits control the key set assigned to a User Zone for communication security. The
Access Register M bits determine the Communication Security mode associated with the PK bits.
Table 97.
Coding of the Primary Key Set select bits for CryptoRF communication security.
PK1
PK2
Authentication Key
Encryption Key
0
0
Secret Seed G0
Session Key S0
0
1
Secret Seed G1
Session Key S1
1
0
Secret Seed G2
Session Key S2
1
1
Secret Seed G3
Session Key S3
The Read-Only Key Set selection bits control the key set assigned to a User Zone for communication security. The
Access Register M bits determine the Communication Security mode associated with the ROK bits. For some
Communication Security modes the ROK register bits are not used.
Table 98.
118
Coding of the Read-Only Key Set select bits for CryptoRF communication security.
ROK1
ROK2
Authentication Key
Encryption Key
0
0
Secret Seed G0
Session Key S0
0
1
Secret Seed G1
Session Key S1
1
0
Secret Seed G2
Session Key S2
1
1
Secret Seed G3
Session Key S3
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
K.6.
Key Sets
CryptoRF has four Key Sets. Each Key Set is associated with four registers in the Configuration Memory. The
Authentication Key is stored in the Secret Seed Gi register. The Authentication Attempt Counter for Secret Seed Gi is
stored in the AACi register. The Cryptogram Ci register is used during Authentication Activation and Encryption
Activation procedures to store the response to the Host challenge. The Session Key Si register is used to store the
Encryption Activation key.
Figure 38.
Partial Configuration Memory map showing the Key Set Registers.
$0
$50
AAC0
AAC1
AAC2
$4
$5
$6
$7
Cryptogram C0
Cryptogram C1
Cryptogram C2
Cryptography
Session Encryption Key S2
$78
$80
$3
Session Encryption Key S1
$68
$70
$2
Session Encryption Key S0
$58
$60
$1
AAC3
Cryptogram C3
$88
Session Encryption Key S3
$90
Secret Seed G0
$98
Secret Seed G1
$A0
Secret Seed G2
$A8
Secret Seed G3
Secret
Figure 38 shows the portion of the Configuration Memory that contains the Key Set registers. The registers shaded in
green can always be read, but cannot be written after personalization. The registers shaded in blue cannot be written
or read after personalization. Note that all of the Security Fuses must be programmed during personalization for the
device secrets to be secure.
Key Set i uses registers AACi, Ci, Gi and Si. If AACi is locked, the Key Set i is permanently disabled and any User Zone
requiring Key Set i for Authentication or Encryption Activation will no longer be accessible.
K.6.1. Changing Keys
The Secret Seeds cannot be modified after the Security Fuses are programmed during personalization. The AAC
registers cannot be re-written after the Security Fuses are programmed either. This is true even if the SME option in the
DCR register is enabled.
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K.7.
AAC Registers
The Authentication Attempt Counters contain a value which indicates how many unsuccessful Authentication and
Encryption Activation attempts have been made using the Key Index of the corresponding Secret Seed and Session
Encryption Key. Table 99, Table 100, and Table 101 show coding of the AAC register. If the AAC reaches the
maximum count of 4 or 8 on 88SC PICCs, then the corresponding key set is locked and all subsequent Authentication
attempts will fail. If the AAC reaches the maximum count of 15 on 88RF PICCs, then the corresponding key set is
locked and all subsequent Authentication attempts will fail.
If the AAC contents are corrupted, or are programmed with an undefined value, then the corresponding key set is
locked and all subsequent Authentication attempts will fail. The AAC registers can always be read using the Read
System Zone command.
Table 99.
Authentication Attempt Counter Coding for the Default DCR Configuration on 88SC PICCs.
AAC Register
Description
$FF
No Failed Attempts
$EE
1 Failed Attempt
$CC
2 Failed Attempts
$88
3 Failed Attempts
$00
4 Failed Attempts (LOCK)
All Other Values Are Not Supported
Table 100.
Authentication Attempt Counter Coding for the Extended Trials Allowed DCR Configuration on 88SC
PICCs.
AAC Register
Description
$FF
No Failed Attempts
$FE
1 Failed Attempt
$FC
2 Failed Attempts
$F8
3 Failed Attempts
$F0
4 Failed Attempts
$E0
5 Failed Attempts
$C0
6 Failed Attempts
$80
7 Failed Attempts
$00
8 Failed Attempts (LOCK)
All Other Values Are Not Supported
120
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5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Table 101.
Authentication Attempt Counter Coding for 88RF PICCs.
AAC Register
Description
$55
No Failed Attempts
$56
1 Failed Attempt
$59
2 Failed Attempts
$5A
3 Failed Attempts
$65
4 Failed Attempts
$66
5 Failed Attempts
$69
6 Failed Attempts
$6A
7 Failed Attempts
$95
8 Failed Attempts
$96
9 Failed Attempts
$99
10 Failed Attempts
$9A
11 Failed Attempts
$A5
12 Failed Attempts
$A6
13 Failed Attempts
$A9
14 Failed Attempts
$AA
15 Failed Attempts (LOCK)
All Other Values Are Not Supported
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5276C–RFID–3/09
K.8.
Encryption Activation
Authentication Activation must be performed prior to Encryption Activation. The Mutual Authentication is performed in
steps 1 thru 7, and Encryption Activation in steps 8 thru 11 of the following procedure.
1.
The Host reads the PICC ID from Nc (or another equivalent memory location) and calculates the diversified key
matching the PICC Secret Seed G. G = F1(K, ID, x, y, z)
2. The Host reads AACi and Ci from card.
3. The Host generates a Random Number QA and calculates challenge CHA and other parameters with the
cryptographic engine: [CHA, CA, SA] = F2(G, C, QA)
4. The Host Sends Verify Crypto Command with Key Index $0i: Verify Crypto ($0i, QA, CHA)
5. The PICC calculates challenge CH and other parameters using QA from the host with the cryptographic engine:
[CH, CiA, SiA] = F2(Gi, Ci, QA)
6. The PICC compares the internally calculated challenge CH to the value received from the host. If CH = CHA then
the host is authenticated and the card writes the calculated values of CiA to the Ci register and SiA to the Si
register. The AACi is cleared, Authentication Communication Security mode is activated, and an ACK response is
returned to the host.
7. The Host reads the new AACi and CiA from Ci register of the PICC and compares it to the calculated CA from step
3. If CA = CiA then the card is authenticated. The Mutual Authentication procedure is complete.
8. The Host generates a Random Number QE and calculates challenge CHE and other parameters with the
cryptographic engine: [CHE, CE] = F2(SiA, CiA, QE)
9. The Host Sends Verify Crypto Command with Key Index $1i: Verify Crypto ($1i, QE, CHE)
10. The PICC calculates challenge CH and other parameters using QE from the host with the cryptographic engine:
[CH, CiE] = F2(SiA, CiA, QE)
11. The PICC compares the internally calculated challenge CH to the value received from the host. If CH = CHE then
the host is authenticated and the card writes the calculated value of CiE to the Ci register. The AACi is cleared,
Encryption Communication Security mode is activated, and an ACK response is returned to the host.
The Secret Seed Gi value in the PICC never changes after it is locked at personalization. The AACi, and Ci registers
are written (by the PICC) each time a Verify Crypto command is received by the PICC. The Si register is written (by the
PICC) each time the Mutual Authentication procedure succeeds.
If the Host receives a NACK response from the PICC, then the Mutual Authentication procedure can be retried starting
with step 2.
Figure 35 shows the Authentication Activation procedure as a flowchart. Figure 39 shows the Encryption Activation
procedure as a flowchart.
122
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5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Figure 39.
Encryption Activation Procedure
Host System
Operations
CryptoRF Card
Operations
START
Encryption
Activation
Note: CryptoRF Card must
be in Authentication Mode
before Starting
Encryption Activation
Receive
Verify Crypto
Command with
QE and ChE
i = Card Key Set Number
(Same i as used for
Authentication)
Session Key
SA
Cryptogram
CA
Is card in
Authentication
Mode ?
NO
YES
Calculate
Challenge ChE,
Cryptogram CE,
SE (not used)
with SA, CA, QE
using F2 Function
Generate
Random
Number QE
Is Key
Index Correct
?
NO
YES
Store
CE
Is AACi Max ?
Send Verify Crypto
Command with
QE and ChE
Goto START
Authentication
NO
Receive Response
Calculate
Challenge CH,
Cryptogram CiE,
SiE (not used)
with SiA, CiA, QE
using F2 Function
Response
YES
Do you want
to retry ?
Encryption
Activation
Failed
NO
END
(FAILURE)
YES
Is
Response
NACK
?
YES
Verify Crypto Command
Does
ChE match
CH ?
Session Key
SiA
Cryptogram
CiA
NO
Increment
and Store
AACi
NO
YES
Response is
Unknown
NO
Store CiE
Response is ACK
Clear
AACi
Read
AACi
Send
ACK
Response
NO
Card enters
Encryption Mode
Is AACi
Cleared ?
YES
Send
NACK
Response
Read System Zone Command
Card enters
Normal Mode
Answer with
AACi
Return Data
Encryption
Activation
Complete
Host enters
Encryption Mode
END
Encryption
Activation
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5276C–RFID–3/09
K.8.1. Key Index
The Key Index byte of the Verify Crypto command selects the Key Set that the PICC uses to perform the Mutual
Authentication and Encryption Activation procedure.
Table 102.
Key Index coding for the Verify Crypto command
Key Index
Key
$00
Secret Seed G0
$01
Secret Seed G1
$02
Secret Seed G2
$03
Secret Seed G3
$10
Session Encryption Key S0
$11
Session Encryption Key S1
$12
Session Encryption Key S2
$13
Session Encryption Key S3
All Other Values Are Not Supported
K.9.
Set User Zone and Checksums
The Mutual Authentication and Encryption Activation procedures can be performed before or after the Set User Zone
command is sent. It is not necessary to repeat the Mutual Authentication and Encryption Activation procedure when
changing User Zones unless the new User Zone requires a different Key Set. If Encryption Communication Security is
activated and the application later selects a User Zone that does not require Encryption, the PICC will remain in
Encryption Communication Security mode, User Zone data will be encrypted, and all of the Encryption mode
requirements will continue to apply.
When Encryption Communication Security is active the Host must supply a correct cryptographic checksum when
writing data to a User Zone. This is true even if the User Zone Access Register does not require Encryption for access
to the zone.
K.10. Passwords
When Encryption Communication Security is active Passwords are encrypted during communications. The Host is
required to encrypt the three password bytes when sending the Check Password command. The PICC encrypts any
password bytes that are accessed with the Read System Zone command. The Host is required to encrypt any
password bytes when sending the Write System Zone command.
K.11. Deactivating Encryption Communication Security
Once activated, the PICC will remain in Encryption Communication Security mode until a security error occurs, a new
Verify Crypto command is received, RF power is removed, or a DESELECT command or IDLE command is received.
In some applications it is necessary to deactivate Encryption Communication Security so that data can be written to a
User Zone that has open read/write access without the necessity of computing a cryptographic checksum. While there
are several possible ways to reset the cryptographic engine and exit the Encryption Communication Security mode, it is
recommended that the Send Checksum command be used for this purpose.
If the PICC receives a Send Checksum command containing an incorrect checksum, the PICC resets the cryptographic
engine, returns to Normal Communication mode, and returns a NACK response to the host. The AACi register is not
incremented by the PICC when a bad checksum is received, so there is no penalty for using Send Checksum to exit
Authentication or Encryption mode.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Appendix L.
Understanding Anti-Tearing
Anti-tearing is an optional feature that protects a write operation from being corrupted due to PICC power loss during
the write operation. This feature can be enabled as needed by the Host during a transaction, it is not controlled by any
configuration register.
L.1.
Tearing Explained
A tearing attack on a Smartcard transaction involves quickly removing a card from the reader before a transaction has
been completed. The object of a tearing attack is to remove the card from the reader after the Host application has
granted access to a product, but before the cost of the product has been deducted from the value stored on the card.
Both contact and contactless Smartcard transactions may be attacked in this manner. A tearing attack often results in
corruption of a portion of the data stored in the Smartcard.
Tearing attacks can be prevented from succeeding by careful application software development; if access to a product
is not granted until after a Smartcard value debit has occurred, then the attacker cannot achieve his objective. However
data corruption can occur if any Smartcard transaction is interrupted due to power loss.
L.2.
CryptoRF Anti-Tearing
CryptoRF is designed with an anti-tearing feature that prevents data corruption in the event a memory write operation is
interrupted. Activating the anti-tearing feature impacts both the transaction time and the memory write endurance of the
PICC, so it should be activated only for critical data write operations.
Figure 40 illustrates how a CryptoRF PICC performs an anti-tearing write. A CryptoRF anti-tearing write is a four step
process. The data is written to a buffer EEPROM memory before being written to the final EEPROM memory location.
The EEPROM Anti-Tearing Flag indicates if an anti-tearing write is in progress, or is completed.
The Anti-Tearing Flag is checked each time the PICC is powered up. If the flag indicates a write was in progress, then
the anti-tearing write will be completed before the PICC is allowed to accept any commands.
The memory address and data are written to a buffer EEPROM in step 1, followed by writing the Anti-Tearing Flag in
Step 2. In step 3 the data in the buffer EEPROM is written to the address sent with the write command (the final
EEPROM memory location). The Anti-Tearing flag is cleared in step 4, and the ACK response is returned to the PCD.
If power is interrupted before step 2 is completed, then the write operation fails; the EEPROM contents are unchanged,
and the Anti-Tearing Flag is not set to indicate an anti-tearing write is in progress. If power is interrupted after step 2 is
complete, then the Anti-Tearing flag is set; when the PICC is next powered up, the anti-tearing write will be completed
as part of the POR process. If power is interrupted during step 3 or 4, the Anti-Tearing Flag will be set and the write will
be completed on the next POR.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
Figure 40.
CryptoRF Anti-Tearing Write Process
START
Receive
Anti-Tearing
Write
Command
Transmit
NACK
Response
NO
PICC
Power OK
?
YES
END
Write to
Anti-Tearing
Buffer
Write
Anti-Tearing
Flag
STEP
1
STEP
2
Write Data to
Final EEPROM
Location
STEP
Clear
Anti-Tearing
Flag
STEP
3
4
Transmit
ACK
Response
END
126
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Table 103 shows the consequences of a tearing attack occurring at each step during an anti-tearing write. The
EEPROM contents at the address being written will either remain unchanged, or will be written with the new data. The
EEPROM is not corrupted by power interruption during an anti-tearing write operation.
Table 103.
Consequences of a Tearing Event during an Anti-Tearing Write
Step
L.3.
Description
Result if Power is interrupted Mid-Step
1
Write Buffer Memory
Original EEPROM Contents are Unchanged
2
Write Anti-Tearing Flag
Original EEPROM Contents are Unchanged
3
Write Final Memory
Anti-Tearing Write Completes on POR
4
Clear Anti-Tearing Flag
Anti-Tearing Write Completes on POR
Performance Impact of Anti-Tearing
Anti-tearing impacts the CryptoRF write transaction time in two ways. First, the maximum length of a write command is
limited to 8 bytes when anti-tearing is active. Second, the response time of a write command is increased by
approximately four times due to additional EEPROM memory writes which occur when anti-tearing is active.
If anti-tearing is used to write 8 bytes of data, the net result is an increase in the transaction time of only 5 milliseconds.
When large amounts of data are written, the increase in transaction time is significant. Writing the entire 128 byte User
Zone on AT88RF04C takes 155 milliseconds with anti-tearing, but only 47 milliseconds without anti-tearing. Writing the
entire 256 byte User Zone on AT88SC3216CRF takes 292 milliseconds with anti-tearing, but only 54 milliseconds
without anti-tearing.
Table 104.
CryptoRF Family Write Characteristics with Anti-Tearing
CryptoRF
Part Number
Write Characteristics
Standard Write
Anti-Tearing Write
AT88RF04C
1 to 16 bytes
1 to 8 bytes
AT88SC0808CRF
1 to 16 bytes
1 to 8 bytes
AT88SC1616CRF
1 to 16 bytes
1 to 8 bytes
AT88SC3216CRF
1 to 32 bytes
1 to 8 bytes
AT88SC6416CRF
1 to 32 bytes
1 to 8 bytes
127
5276C–RFID–3/09
L.4.
Reliability Impact of Anti-Tearing
Each byte of the CryptoRF EEPROM user memory and configuration memory is rated for 100k write cycles minimum.
The entire memory can be written at least 100,000 times without wearing out any of the EEPROM memory bits.
Table 105.
CryptoRF Family Write Endurance with Anti-Tearing
Parameter
Min
Typical
Max
Units
Write Endurance (each Byte)
100,000
Write Cycles
Anti-Tearing Write Endurance
50,000
Writes
All anti-tearing write commands sent to a PICC are processed in a single buffer EEPROM memory before being written
to the final EEPROM memory location. As a result, the write endurance for anti-tearing writes is a per-unit specification,
not a per-byte specification. A minimum of 50,000 anti-tearing write commands can be processed without wearing out
any of the buffer EEPROM bits, or the EEPROM Anti-Tearing Flag bits.
L.5.
Activating Anti-Tearing
Anti-Tearing can be used for either User Zone or Configuration Memory writes on 88SC PICCs. Anti-Tearing is
available for User Zone writes only on 88RF PICCs. Activation of this optional feature is described in this section.
The Set User Zone command is used to activate the anti-tearing feature when writing the user memory. To turn antitearing on, send a Set User Zone command with bit 7 in the PARAM byte set to 1b. Any Write User Zone command
that is received following anti-tearing activation will automatically use the anti-tearing write process. To turn anti-tearing
off, send a Set User Zone command with bit 7 in the PARAM byte set to 0b. All subsequent Write User Zone
commands will automatically use the normal write process.
Figure 41.
Definition of the PARAM byte of the Set User Zone command.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
AT
0
0
0
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
User Zone
When writing the Configuration Memory on 88SC PICCs the anti-tearing function is controlled by the PARAM byte of
the Write System Zone command. Table 106 shows the PARAM byte options. If the PARAM byte of the Write System
Zone command is $80, then the anti-tearing write process is used. If the PARAM byte of the Write System Zone
command is $00, then the normal write process is used.
Table 106.
PARAM byte options for the Write System Zone command for 88SC PICCs.
Command
PARAM
ADDR
“L”
DATA
Write System Zone
$00
Address
# of bytes – 1
“L + 1” bytes
Write System Zone w A/T
$80
Address
# of bytes – 1
“L + 1” bytes
Write Fuse Byte
$01
Fuse ADDR
$00
1 byte
All Other Values Are Not Supported
128
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Appendix M. Personalization of the Anticollision Registers
There are several registers that define the polling response of CryptoRF, which are written during the personalization
process. The ISO/IEC 14443 Part 3 requirements must be considered when programming these registers. Incorrect
personalization of these registers may cause readers to reject cards or to become confused and unable to complete
the transaction. This appendix describes the requirements for programming the polling registers for operation with
ISO/IEC 14443 compliant readers and systems.
M.1.
Anticollision Procedure
The RF reader (PCD) searches for Type B cards by issuing REQB or WUPB polling commands. These commands
contain an AFI (Application Family Identifier) code to poll for only cards with a matching AFI code. Applications
supporting multiple cards may also poll using the Slot MARKER command. See Appendix N for a detailed description
of the anticollision procedures.
The answer to any of these polling commands is called the ATQB response. This response contains a card serial
number (PUPI), which is used to identify a specific card during the anticollision process, along with three protocol
bytes. The protocol bytes tell the PCD what communication capabilities and options the card supports, and are used by
the reader to configure itself for optimum communications with the card.
M.2.
Anticollision Registers
The ATQB response of CryptoRF contains several values that are located in registers in the anticollision section of the
System Zone (see Figure 42 and Figure 43). The values stored in the following registers are used during anticollision:
PUPI, APP, RBmax, AFI.
Figure 42.
Memory Map of Anticollision Registers in the System Zone of 88SC PICCs.
$0
$1
Figure 43.
RBmax
$4
$5
$6
$7
APP
AFI
MTZ
Anticollision
CMC
Memory Map of Anticollision Registers in the System Zone of 88RF PICCs.
$0
$1
$2
$3
$4
$5
PUPI
$00
$08
$3
PUPI
$00
$08
$2
RBmax
AFI
$6
$7
APP
MTZ
CMC
Anticollision
HWR
The REQB/WUPB polling command and response are shown in Figure 44 with color-coding which matches Figure 42
and Figure 43. Nine bytes of the ATQB response are customer programmable on CryptoRF. In addition, the AFI code
used for selection of cards for a particular application during anticollision is also customer configured.
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5276C–RFID–3/09
Figure 44.
CryptoRF Response to an REQB or WUPB polling command.
Reader
Command >
PICC
$05
AFI
PARAM
CRC1
CRC2
ATQB Response >
$50
SUCCESS RESPONSE
PUPI 0
System Zone Byte $00
PUPI 1
System Zone Byte $01
PUPI 2
System Zone Byte $02
PUPI 3
System Zone Byte $03
APP 0
System Zone Byte $04
APP1
System Zone Byte $05
APP 2
System Zone Byte $06
APP 3
System Zone Byte $07
Protocol 1
$00
Protocol 2
System Zone Byte $08
Protocol 3
$51
CRC1
CRC2
The definitions of the polling configuration registers in the System Zone are listed below along with any restrictions
which ISO/IEC 14443 Part 3 places on the register values.
Pseudo Unique PICC Identifier (PUPI)
PUPI is a 32 bit serial number defined by the customer during personalization; the PUPI is usually unique. This code is
transmitted as part of the ATQB response during anticollision. PUPI may be set to any value.
130
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AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Application Data (APP)
APP is an additional 32 bits of information transmitted as part of the ATQB response. This field is defined by the
customer during personalization. The fourth byte is programmed by Atmel at the factory with a memory density code
(see Table 107); this byte can be redefined by the card manufacturer if desired. APP may be set to any value.
Table 107.
Default Value of APP 3 Byte. This Register can be Changed.
Device Number
Density Code
AT88RF04C
$22
AT88SC0808CRF
$33
AT88SC1616CRF
$44
AT88SC3216CRF
$54
AT88SC6416CRF
$64
Receive Buffer Max Code (RBmax)
This 8-bit register is transmitted as Protocol 2 byte of the ATQB response. This register is programmed by Atmel with
the receive buffer maximum frame size code. This field can be reprogrammed by the customer during personalization if
desired. The value of this protocol byte is restricted by ISO/IEC 14443 Part 3 to the values $00, $10, $20, $30, $40,
$50, $60, $70, or $80 only. Use of an unapproved value in this register is likely to cause PCDs to malfunction.
The Protocol 2 byte of the ATQB response is defined in ISO/IEC 14443 Part 3, section 7.9 . This byte contains the Part
4 compliance code in the lower 4 bits and the code for the maximum frame size supported by the card in the upper 4
bits. CryptoRF must return a value of $0 in the Part 4 compliance bits to indicate the PICC does not support the
optional ISO/IEC 14443 Part 4 Active State protocol. The coding of the card maximum frame size bits is shown in
Table 108.
Table 108.
PICC Maximum Frame Size Codes defined in ISO/IEC 14443 Part 3.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Max Frame
0
0
0
0
16 Bytes
0
0
0
1
24 Bytes
0
0
1
0
32 Bytes
0
0
1
1
40 Bytes
0
1
0
0
48 Bytes
0
1
0
1
64 Bytes
0
1
1
0
96 Bytes
0
1
1
1
128 Bytes
1
0
0
0
256 Bytes
The PCD will store the lower 4 bits of ATQB protocol byte 2 in a register and echo it back to a selected PICC in the
lower 4 bits of ATTRIB parameter byte 3. CryptoRF will not accept an ATTRIB command with a non-zero value in
parameter byte 3. Note that intelligent PCDs will reject invalid ATQB responses and will not send invalid ATTRIB
commands.
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Table 109.
Default Value of RBmax. This Register should not be Changed.
Device Number
RBmax Code
AT88RF04C
$10
AT88SC0808CRF
$10
AT88SC1616CRF
$10
AT88SC3216CRF
$30
AT88SC6416CRF
$30
Application Family Identifier (AFI)
This 8 bit register identifies the application family and subfamily. This field is defined by the card manufacturer and is
used during the anticollision process to determine which cards will respond to an REQB or WUPB polling command.
This value is expected to be a single fixed value for all cards used in a particular system.
The upper 4 bits are the application family and the lower 4 bits are the sub-family. The ISO/IEC 14443 Part 3 Type B
application family definitions are shown in Table 110. The AFI register will accept any code, however only family codes
of $0 to $F and subfamily codes of $1 to $F should be used. AFI Register values of $00, $10, $20, $30, $40, $50, $60,
$70, $80, $90, $A0, $B0, $C0, $D0, $E0, and $F0 are prohibited and may cause PCDs to malfunction. Values defined
as RFU are reserved for future definition by ISO and may not be supported by all readers. A card using an RFU value
for the AFI is not compliant with ISO/IEC 14443 Part 3.
Table 110.
AFI High Bits
AFI Low Bits
$0
“Y”
Proprietary
$1
“Y”
Transport
Mass Transit, Bus, Airline…
$2
“Y”
Financial
Banking, Retail, Electronic Purse…
$3
“Y”
Identification
Access Control…
Telephony, GSM…
Note:
132
Application Family Codes as defined in ISO/IEC 14443 Part 3.
Application Family
Examples
$4
“Y”
Telecom
$5
“Y”
Medical
$6
“Y”
Multimedia
$7
“Y”
Gaming
$8
“Y”
Data Storage
Portable Files…
$9 – $D
“Y”
RFU
not currently defined by 14443-3
$E
"Y"
Travel Documents (MRTD)
Y=$1 Passport, Y=$2 Visa, Y=$3 to $F RFU
$F
“Y”
RFU
not currently defined by 14443-3
Internet Services…
“Y” = $1 to $5
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
The PICC compares the AFI register with the AFI value received in the REQB or WUPB polling command using the
matching criteria defined in ISO/IEC 14443 Part 3. Table 111 shows the AFI matching criteria.
Table 111.
AFI matching criteria for polling commands received by the PICC.
AFI
High Bits
AFI
Low Bits
REQB/WUPB Polling produces a
PICC response from:
$0
$0
All Families and sub-families
“X”
$0
All sub-families of Family “X”
“X”
“Y”
Only sub-family “Y” of Family “X”
$0
“Y”
Proprietary sub-family “Y” Only
“Y” = $1 to $F
“X” = $1 to $F
M.3.
Summary
The CryptoRF anticollision registers provide customers with the capability to customize the response of a CryptoRF
PICC to the polling commands. This polling response is used by the PCD to perform anticollision and to determine the
communication capabilities of the PICC. Intelligent RF readers will reconfigure themselves based on the contents of the
protocol bytes in ATQB and may malfunction if invalid values are returned by the card. For this reason, the values of
the CryptoRF anticollision registers must be carefully selected using the guidelines in this appendix.
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Appendix N. Understanding Anticollision
This section of the specification and the flow chart in Figure 45 describe the Anticollision procedure for the CryptoRF
family. The command and response definitions are detailed in the “Anticollision Command Definitions” section 5 of this
specification. For additional information on the anticollision command coding see section 7 of ISO/IEC 14443 Part 3 or
Atmel Application note Understanding the Requirements of ISO/IEC 14443 for Type B Proximity Contactless
Identification Cards.
When the PICC enters the 13.56 MHz RF field of the host reader (PCD) it performs a power on reset (POR) and waits
silently for a valid Type B polling command. The CryptoRF PICC processes the anti-tearing registers as part of the
POR process.
The PCD initiates the anticollision process by issuing an REQB or WUPB command. The WUPB command activates
any card (PICC) in the field with a matching AFI code. The REQB command performs the same function, but does not
affect a PICC in the Halt State. The REQB and WUPB commands contain an integer “N” indicating the number of Slots
assigned to the anticollision process.
If “N” = 1 then all PICCs (with a matching AFI) respond with the ATQB response. If “N” is greater than one, then the
PICC selects a random number “R” in the range of 1 to “N” ; if “R” = 1 then the PICC responds with ATQB. If “R” is
greater than 1, then the PICC waits for a Slot MARKER command where the slot number “S” is equal to “R”, then it
responds with ATQB. The PCD polls all of the slots to determine if any PICC is present in the field.
The ATQB response contains a PUPI card serial number which is used to direct commands to a specific PICC during
the anticollision process. When the PCD receives an ATQB response, it can respond with a matching HLTB command
to Halt the PICC, or it can respond with a matching ATTRIB command to assign a Card ID Number (CID) and place the
PICC in the Active State. Once placed in the Active State the PICC is ready for transactions using the CryptoRF Active
State commands. A PICC in the Active State ignores all commands that do not contain a CID number which matches
the CID assigned by the ATTRIB command. A PICC in the Active State ignores all REQB, WUPB, Slot MARKER,
ATTRIB, and HLTB commands.
When the PCD receives an ATQB response with a CRC error, then a collision is assumed to have occurred. Typically
the PCD will complete transactions with any other PICCs in the field, and then place them in the Halt State using a
DESELECT command. The PCD will then issue a new REQB command, causing each PICC in the field (with a
matching AFI) that has not been Halted to select a new random number “R”. This procedure resolves the conflict
between the previously colliding PICCs, allowing the PCD to communicate with them.
The anticollision process continues in this manner until all PICCs in the field have completed their transactions. Any
command received by the PICC with a CRC error is ignored.
Note:
134
ISO/IEC 14443 Part 3 describes two anticollision options for Type B PICCs; the Timeslot option has been
implemented in the CryptoRF family.
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Figure 45.
Anticollision and State Transition Flow Chart
Power On Reset
Process
Anti-Tearing
Registers
Wait for REQB
or WUPB
AFI Match ?
NO
YES
Is N = 1?
Select Random
Number "R"
in Range 1 to "N"
NO
YES
NO
Send ATQB
Response
Matched
Slot Marker
Wait for ATTRIB or HLTB
with PUPI match
HLTB
Wait for
Slot Marker = "R" REQBor WUPB
Anticollision
Is R = 1?
YES
REQBor WUPB
ATTRIB
Send Answer
to HLTB
Receive CID
Assignment
Send Answer
to ATTRIB
Wait for WUPB
HALT
State
DESELECT
ACTIVE
State
IDLE
Active
Command
Process
Active
Command
135
5276C–RFID–3/09
Appendix O. The ISO/IEC 14443 Type B RF Signal Interface
O.1.
RF Signal Interface
The CryptoRF communications interface is compliant with the ISO/IEC 14443 part 2 and part 3 requirements for Type
B. Type B signaling utilizes 10 % amplitude modulation of the RF field for communication from the reader to the card
with NRZ encoded data. Communication from card to reader utilizes BPSK load modulation of an 847.5 khz subcarrier
with NRZ-L encoded data. The RF field is continuously on for Type B communications.
O.2.
Data Format
Data communication between the card and reader is performed using an LSB first data format. Each byte of data is
transmitted with a 0b start bit and a 1b stop bit as shown in Figure 46. The stop bit, start bit, and each data bit are each
one elementary time unit (ETU) in length (9.4395 microseconds).
Each byte transmission consists of a start bit, 8 data bits (LSB first), and a stop bit. Each byte may be separated from
the next byte by extra guard time (EGT). The EGT may be zero or a fraction of an ETU. EGT cannot exceed 57
microseconds for data transmitted by the PCD. EGT for data transmitted by the CryptoRF PICC is programmed to
either zero or 2 ETUs using the EGTL bit of the Device Configuration Register (DCR). The position of each bit is
measured relative to the falling edge of the start bit.
Figure 46.
Byte transmission format requirements for type B communications.
One Byte Transmission is 10 ETUs long plus EGT
Start
LSB
b0
MSB
b1
b2
b3
b4
b5
b6
Stop
EGT
b7
<-- All bit timing is measured from the falling edge of the Start bit
Bit transitions shall occur within (n - 0.125) ETU and (n + 0.125) ETU of the falling edge of start bit
EGT is 0 to 57 uS for PCD transmissions
Despite the fact that data transmissions occur LSB first, all of the commands, data, and CRC bytes in ISO/IEC 14443
and in this specification are listed in the conventional manner, with MSB on the left and LSB on the right.
136
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
O.3.
Frame Format
Data transmitted by the PCD or PICC is sent as frames. The frame consists of the start of frame (SOF), several bytes
of information, and the end of frame (EOF). The SOF and EOF requirements are shown in Figure 47.
Figure 47.
Start of Frame (SOF) and End of Frame (EOF) format requirements.
Total Start of Frame Length is 12 to 14 ETUs
No Modulation
Start
b0
b1
First Byte
10 to 11 ETUs of “0”s
End of Frame
Last Byte
O.4.
2 to 3 ETUs “1”s
10 to 11 ETUs of “0”s
Starte of Frame
Total Start of Frame Length is 10 to 11 ETUs
Reader Data Transmission
The unmodulated 13.56 MHz carrier signal amplitude which is transmitted when the reader is idle is defined as logical
“1”, while the modulated signal level is defined as logical “0”. A frame transmitted by the reader consists of SOF,
several bytes of data, a 2 byte CRC_B, and the EOF.
Figure 48.
Format of a frame transmitted by the reader to the card.
No Modulation ("1"s)
Command, Data and CRC_B
SOF
Data Transmission
No Modulation ("1"s)
EOF
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5276C–RFID–3/09
O.5.
Card Data Transmission
The CryptoRF PICC waits silently for a command from the PCD after being activated by the RF field. After receiving a
valid command from the PCD, the PICC is allowed to turn on the subcarrier only if it intends to transmit a complete
response frame. The PICC response consists of TR1, SOF, several bytes of data followed by a 2 byte CRC_B, and the
EOF. The subcarrier is turned off no later than 2 ETUs after the EOF. Figure 49 shows the PICC frame format.
When the subcarrier is turned on it remains unmodulated for a time period known as the synchronization time (TR1).
The phase of the subcarrier during TR1 defines a logical one and permits the reader demodulator to lock on to the
subcarrier signal. The subcarrier remains on until after the EOF transmission is complete. The TR1 transmitted by
CryptoRF is 10 to 11 ETUs in duration for all responses.
Figure 49.
Format of a frame transmitted by the PICC to the reader.
Subcarrier Off
Subcarrier On
TR1
O.6.
Transmit Data and CRC_B
Start of Frame
Data Transmission
Subcarrier Off
End of Frame
Response Timing
After the PICC receives a command from the PCD, it is not permitted to transmit a subcarrier during the guard time
(TR0). The minimum guard time is 8 ETUs for all command responses. The maximum guard time is defined by the
frame waiting time (FWT), except for the ATQB response (response to REQB or Slot MARKER polling commands)
which has a maximum TR0 of 32 ETUs.
Figure 50.
ISO/IEC 14443 Response timing requirements for the card.
PCD (Reader)
CRC
Unmodulated Carrier
EOF
TR0
PICC (Chip)
Subcarrier OFF
TR1
Data
Subcarrier ON
No modulation
SOF
Response
The FWT is the maximum time that a PICC requires to begin a response. The PICC transmits a parameter in the ATQB
response to the polling command that tells the reader the worst case FWT. Typical response times for the CryptoRF
are listed in Appendix Q of this specification. See Appendix P for signal timing specifications.
The PCD is not permitted to modulate the RF field while waiting for a PICC to respond to a command. Modulation of
the RF field during a memory read or write operation may corrupt the operation or cause reset of the PICC.
138
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
O.7.
CRC Error Detection
A 2 byte CRC_B is required in each frame transmitted by the PICC or PCD to permit transmission error detection. The
CRC_B is calculated on all of the command and data bytes in the frame. For encrypted data the encryption is
performed prior to CRC_B calculation. The SOF, EOF, start bits, stop bits, and EGT are not included in the CRC_B
calculation. The two byte CRC_B follows the data bytes in the frame.
Figure 51.
Location of the two CRC_B bytes within a frame.
SOF
K data bytes
CRC1
CRC2
EOF
The CRC_B polynomial is defined in ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 13239 as x16 + x12 + x5 + x0. This is a hex polynomial
of $1021. The initial value of the register used for the CRC_B calculation is all ones ($FFFF). When receiving
information from the reader, the PICC computes the CRC on the incoming command, data, and CRC bytes. After the
last bit has been processed the CRC register should contain $0000.
In the example illustrated in Figure 51, the CRC_B is calculated on the “K” bytes of data and then appended to the
data. CRC1 is the least significant byte and CRC2 is the most significant byte of the CRC_B. If the CRC_B was
calculated as $5A6B, then CRC1 is $6B and CRC2 is $5A.
O.8.
Type A Tolerance
The RF Interface is designed for use in multi-protocol applications. It will not latch or lock up if exposed to Type A
signals and will not respond to them. The PICC may reset in the presence of Type A field modulation, but is not
damaged by exposure to Type A signals.
In a typical multi-protocol application the reader will poll for Type B cards and complete all transactions with any Type B
cards present in the field. The reader will then poll for Type A cards and complete all transactions with them. The
reader alternates between the two types of modulation and protocols.
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Appendix P. RF Specifications and Characteristics
The ISO/IEC 10373-6 Test Methods standard contains the test requirements for characterizing ISO/IEC 14443 devices.
ISO/IEC 10373-6 utilizes PICCs in the ID-1 credit card size format for all tests. These test methods and the RF signal
interface requirements of ISO/IEC 14443 contain PICC and PCD performance requirements that are dependent on the
physical size of the PICC antenna.
The ISO/IEC 14443 set of standards do not differentiate PCD and PICC requirements that are PICC antenna size
dependent from those that are not. In this Appendix all of the RF requirements are summarized, and antenna size
related parameters are identified.
P.1.
Electrical Characteristics
ISO/IEC 14443 devices, including the CryptoRF family, have their performance specified in terms of the RF interface of
the PICC and/or the PCD (Reader). Both components of the RF interface must perform within the specified limits for
communications to occur. An ISO/IEC 14443 PICC is not expected to operate with PCDs operating outside the
specifications.
P.1.1. AC Characteristics
Table 112.
Symbol
fs
CryptoRF PICC Characteristics [Not PICC Antenna Size Dependent](1)
Parameter
Load Modulation Subcarrier Frequency (fc / 16)
Min
Nominal
Max
Units
847.06
847.50
847.94
kHz
14443-2 9.2.3
Degrees
14443-2 9.2.5
9.4444
μS
14443-2 9.2.1
BPSK Load Modulation Phase Shift
180
ISO/IEC Spec.
ETU
Elementary Time Unit = Bit Time ( fc /128)
EGT
Extra Guard Time (PICC to PCD communication)
0
2
ETU
14443-3 7.1.2
ATQB TR0
Guard Time (for ATQB response only)
8
10
ETU
14443-3 7.1.6
TR0
Guard Time ( for all other command responses)
8
880
ETU
14443-3 7.1.6
TR1
Synchronization Time
10
11
ETU
14443-3 7.1.6
TPOR
Polling Reset Time (no anti-tearing to process)
5
mS
14443-3 5
TPOR-AT
Polling Reset Time (anti-tearing write to process)
10
mS
TWR
Write Cycle Time of EEPROM Memory
2.0
mS
Note:
9.4346
9.4395
1.6
1. Nominal values at 25° C. Values are based on characterization and are not tested.
The RF Interface characteristics of the CryptoRF family are listed in Table 112. Compliance with these specifications
has been verified by characterization of PICCs with ID-1 size antennas, but these items are not antenna size
dependent. The parameters in Table 112 are guaranteed by design. Appendix O contains illustrations of the RF
interface timing parameters.
140
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
P.2.
Reader Requirements
Table 113.
ISO/IEC 14443 Reader Requirements [Not PICC Antenna Size Dependent](1)
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Nominal
fc
Carrier Frequency
M.I.
Field Modulation Index (PCD to PICC communication)
8
11
M.D.
Field Modulation Depth (PCD to PICC communication)
85.2
ETU
Elementary Time Unit = Bit Time ( fc /128)
9.4346
EGT
Extra Guard Time (PCD to PICC communication)
0
TR2
Frame Delay Time
(PICC EOF falling edge to PCD SOF falling edge)
14
Note:
13.553
13.560
Max
13.567
Units
ISO/IEC Spec.
MHz
14443-2 6.1
14
percent
14443-2 9.1.2
80.2
75.4
percent
9.4395
9.4444
μS
14443-2 9.1.1
57
μS
14443-3 7.1.2
ETU
14443-3 7.1.7
1. Nominal values at 25° C.
The CryptoRF family has been designed to operate with an ISO/IEC 14443 Type B compliant PCDs meeting the
requirements listed in Table 113. CryptoRF has been characterized using PICCs with ID-1 size antennas and ISO/IEC
14443 Type B compliant readers with appropriately sized PCD antennas. The PCD characteristics in Table 113 are not
PICC antenna size dependent.
P.3.
PICC Antenna Size Dependent Specifications
Table 114.
Symbol
H
Antenna Size Dependent Characteristics [ID-1 PICC Antennas Only](1)
Parameter
Unmodulated Operating Magnetic Field
Min
1.5
Maximum Magnetic Field Exposure (Non-Operating)
Note:
Nominal
Max
Units
ISO/IEC Spec.
7.5
A/m rms
14443-2 6.2
10
A/m rms
14443-1 4.3.5
Load Modulation Amplitude at Hmin (1.5 A/m rms)
18.45
mV peak 14443-2 9.2.2
Load Modulation Amplitude at Hmin (7.5 A/m rms)
2.68
mV peak
(test per 10373-6)
1. Nominal values at 25° C. Values are based on characterization and are not tested.
The specifications in Table 114 apply to ISO/IEC 14443 PICCs using an ID-1 size antenna only. CryptoRF has been
characterized using ID-1 antennas and operates within these limits.
The magnetic field limits of ISO/IEC 14443 are measured using a calibration coil defined in ISO/IEC 10373-6 section
2
6.1. This calibration coil integrates the field strength over the 3000 mm area of a typical ID-1 antenna. The Hmin and
Hmax limits of 1.5 and 7.5 A/m rms define the expected operating volume of a PCD with an ID-1 size PICC. The PCD
is not allowed to generate a magnetic field strength exceeding 7.5 A/m rms. An ID-1 PICC is required to survive
continuous exposure to a 10 A/m rms magnetic field without damage; this non-operating specification guarantees a
robust PICC RF interface circuit.
The Load Modulation Amplitude is measured over the full operating magnetic field strength range using an apparatus
defined in ISO/IEC 10373-6 section 7.1. This apparatus uses sense coils to detect the signal generated by a PICC
transmitting a message to the PCD. The sense coils are optimized to detect a signal generated by an ID-1 PICC. The
ISO/IEC 14443 Load Modulation Amplitude requirements apply to this test apparatus only.
141
5276C–RFID–3/09
P.4.
Specifications for Other Antenna Sizes
The specifications in Table 114 cannot be applied directly to PICCs with larger or smaller antennas. The characteristics
in Table 112 and Table 113 are applicable to a PICC with any antenna dimensions.
Load Modulation Amplitude measurements on larger or smaller PICCs would require the design and characterization of
a new test apparatus. These measurement results would be dependent on the apparatus and cannot be extrapolated
from the existing ISO/IEC 14443 specifications.
A reasonable estimate of the Operating Magnetic Field range for a PICC can be made for any PICC antenna size as
follows: Determine the area of the PICC antenna by measuring the outside dimensions of the loop antenna. The
Magnetic Field strength operating range is inversely proportional to the PICC antenna area (use 3000 mm2 as the ID-1
antenna area). Note however that PCD magnetic field strength must be evaluated with a calibration coil similar in area
to the PICC antenna, or the measurement result will not be accurate.
Example 1
Guidelines for operation of a 6000 mm2 PICC Antenna. 3000/6000 = 0.5 The minimum Operating Magnetic Field
(Hmin) is 1.5 x 0.5 = 0.75 A/m rms. The maximum Operating Magnetic Field (Hmax) is 7.5 x 0.5 = 3.75 A/m rms. This
PICC can be expected to survive exposure to a Non-Operating Magnetic Field of 10 x 0.5 = 5.0 A/m rms.
Example 2
Guidelines for operation of a 1000 mm2 PICC Antenna. 3000/1000 = 3.0 The minimum Operating Magnetic Field
(Hmin) is 1.5 x 3.0 = 4.5 A/m rms. The maximum Operating Magnetic Field (Hmax) is 7.5 x 3.0 = 22.5 A/m rms. This
PICC can be expected to survive exposure to a Non-Operating Magnetic Field of 10 x 3.0 = 30.0 A/m rms.
Warning: Exposure to magnetic field strengths in excess of 30 A/m rms may be hazardous to your health.
P.5.
Modulation Index
The Modulation Index of the PCD generated magnetic field is measured by placing a calibration coil or wire loop near
the PCD antenna. Connect this loop to a high impedance oscilloscope probe and measure the amplitude modulation
(ASK) waveform as shown in Figure 52. The PCD amplitude Modulation Index is defined in ISO/IEC 14443 part 2 as
the M.I. = (A - B) / (A + B). For Type B operation the PCD modulation index is required to be between 8 % and 14 %.
If the PCD modulation is insufficient then the PICC receiver will not successfully decode the transmissions. Excessive
modulation reduces the power available to the PICC and may cause it to reset.
Figure 52.
Measurement of the PCD Amplitude Modulation Index
B
Modulation Index =
Modulation Depth =
142
(A-B)
(A+B)
where:
A
A = Unmodulated Signal Amplitude
B = Modulated Signal Amplitude
B
A
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
P.6.
What is an ID-1 PICC Antenna?
ISO/IEC 7810 defines the mechanical requirements for plastic identification cards, including smartcards. The nominal
ID-1 card dimensions are 85.6 mm by 53.98 mm, and 0.76 mm thick. There are no antenna dimension requirements in
ISO/IEC 7810.
Typical antenna dimensions for ID-1 PICCs are described in ISO/IEC 10373-6 section 6.3 as a “Reference PICC”
antenna. The outer dimensions of this reference antenna are 72 mm x 42 mm with four concentric turns. The antenna
trace width and spacing are both 0.5 mm with a tolerance of +/- 20 %. This is a test antenna; the number of turns
required on a real antenna may be more or less than four turns.
Additional guidance regarding ID-1 PICC antenna dimensions is provided in Amendment 4 to ISO/IEC 10373-6 in the
form of a “Class 1” PICC antenna definition. A “Class 1” PICC has its antenna located entirely within a zone defined by
two rectangles centered in the ID-1 dimensions. The external rectangle is 81 mm by 49 mm. The internal rectangle is
64 mm x 34 mm, with a 3 mm corner radius. All antenna turns must be located between these rectangles.
Any antenna falling within the “Class 1” dimensions is considered an ID-1 antenna for the purpose of this specification.
P.7.
Other Characteristics Impacting Performance
The ISO/IEC 14443 standards do not guarantee that any compliant PCD will operate with any compliant PICC. A
reliable RFID system uses PICCs and PCDs matched to the application, with appropriately sized antennas. Discussion
of the numerous factors impacting the performance of RFID systems is beyond the scope of this document.
143
5276C–RFID–3/09
Appendix Q. Transaction Time
Q.1.
Command Response Times [88SC]
The command response time is the time between the end of the frame transmitted by the reader and beginning of the
response from the PICC. It consists of the TR0 Guard Time and the TR1 Synchronization Time.
Table 115.
Command Response Timing for the CryptoRF Command Set for 88SC PICCs.
Command
Maximum TR0
(microseconds)
Typical TR1
(microseconds)
REQB/WUPB
83
90
97
Slot MARKER
83
90
97
ATTRIB
83
90
97
HLTB
83
90
97
DESELECT
83
90
97
IDLE
83
90
97
230
235
97
Read User Zone
93
100
97
Write User Zone
1725
2130
97
Write User Zone w/ Anti-Tearing
6690
8300
97
Write User Zone Authentication Mode
112
120
97
Write User Zone Encryption Mode
112
120
97
Write System Zone
1725
2130
97
Write System Zone w/ Anti-Tearing
6690
8300
97
93
100
97
1870
2275
97
112
120
97
Send Checksum Authentication Mode
1725
2130
97
Send Checksum Encryption Mode
1725
2130
97
Get Checksum
93
100
97
Read Fuse Byte
93
100
97
Write Fuse Byte
1725
2130
97
Check Password
1725
2130
97
Set User Zone
Read System Zone
Verify Crypto
Send Checksum
Note:
144
Typical TR0
(microseconds)
(1)
1. Nominal values at 25° C. Values are based on characterization and are not tested.
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Q.2.
Command Response Times [88RF]
The command response time is the time between the end of the frame transmitted by the reader and beginning of the
response from the PICC. It consists of the TR0 Guard Time and the TR1 Synchronization Time.
Table 116.
Command Response Timing for the CryptoRF Command Set for 88RF PICCs.
Command
Typical TR0
(microseconds)
(1)
Maximum TR0
(microseconds)
Typical TR1
(microseconds)
REQB/WUPB
83
90
97
Slot MARKER
83
90
97
ATTRIB
83
90
97
HLTB
83
90
97
DESELECT
83
90
97
IDLE
83
90
97
230
235
97
93
100
97
Write User Zone 16 Bytes
2424
2700
97
Write User Zone w/ Anti-Tearing 8 Bytes
7087
8000
97
Write User Zone Authentication Mode 16 Bytes
2424
2700
97
Write User Zone Encryption Mode 16 Bytes
2424
2700
97
Write System Zone 16 Bytes
2424
2700
97
93
100
97
1870
2275
97
112
120
97
Send Checksum Authentication Mode
1725
2130
97
Send Checksum Encryption Mode
1725
2130
97
Get Checksum
93
100
97
Read Fuse Byte
93
100
97
Write Fuse Byte
1725
2130
97
Check Password
1725
2130
97
Set User Zone
Read User Zone
Read System Zone
Verify Crypto
Send Checksum
Note:
1. Nominal values at 25° C. Values are based on characterization and are not tested.
145
5276C–RFID–3/09
Q.3.
Transaction Times [88SC]
Typical transaction times for each individual command are listed below. This time includes the command transmission
time from the reader, TR0, TR1, and response transmission time from the PICC. The typical transaction times in the
table are calculated with zero EGT for both the reader and PICC frames. The maximum transaction times are
calculated with EGT = 2 ETUs for both the reader and PICC frames.
Table 117.
Transaction Time for the CryptoRF Command Set for 88SC PICCs.(1)
Typical Transaction Time
(milliseconds)
Maximum Transaction Time
(milliseconds)
REQB/WUPB
2.4
2.8
Slot MARKER
2.3
2.6
ATTRIB
2.0
2.2
HLTB
1.6
1.8
DESELECT
1.4
1.6
IDLE
1.4
1.6
Set User Zone
1.6
1.8
Read User Zone 1 Byte
1.8
2.0
Read User Zone 16 Bytes
3.2
3.7
Read User Zone 32 Bytes
4.7
5.5
Read User Zone 64 Bytes
7.7
9.2
Write User Zone 1 Byte
3.4
4.1
Write User Zone 8 Bytes
4.1
4.9
Write User Zone w/ AT 8 Bytes
9.0
11.0
Write User Zone 16 Bytes
4.8
5.8
Write User Zone 32 Bytes
6.4
7.6
Read System Zone 1 Byte
1.8
2.0
Read System Zone 16 Bytes
3.2
3.7
Read System Zone 32 Bytes
4.7
5.5
Write System Zone 1 Byte
3.4
4.1
Write System Zone 8 Bytes
4.1
4.9
Write System Zone 16 Bytes
4.8
5.8
Verify Crypto
4.8
5.7
Send Checksum
1.6
1.8
Send Checksum Authentication Mode
3.2
3.8
Send Checksum Encryption Mode
3.2
3.8
Get Checksum
1.9
2.1
Check Password
3.4
4.1
Command
Note:
146
1.
Nominal values at 25° C. Values are based on characterization and are not tested.
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Q.4.
Transaction Times [88RF]
Typical transaction times for each individual command are listed below. This time includes the command transmission
time from the reader, TR0, TR1, and response transmission time from the PICC. The typical transaction times in the
table are calculated with zero EGT for both the reader and PICC frames. The maximum transaction times are
calculated with EGT = 2 ETUs for both the reader and PICC frames.
Table 118.
(1)
Transaction Time for the CryptoRF Command Set for 88RF PICCs.
Typical Transaction Time
(milliseconds)
Maximum Transaction Time
(milliseconds)
REQB/WUPB
2.4
2.8
Slot MARKER
2.3
2.6
ATTRIB
2.0
2.2
HLTB
1.6
1.8
DESELECT
1.4
1.6
IDLE
1.4
1.6
Set User Zone
1.6
1.8
Read User Zone 1 Byte
1.8
2.0
Read User Zone 16 Bytes
3.2
3.7
Read User Zone 32 Bytes
4.7
5.5
Read User Zone 64 Bytes
7.7
9.2
Write User Zone 1 Byte
3.6
4.1
Write User Zone 8 Bytes
4.5
4.9
Write User Zone w/ AT 8 Bytes
9.5
11.0
Write User Zone 16 Bytes
5.6
6.1
Read System Zone 1 Byte
1.8
2.0
Read System Zone 16 Bytes
3.2
3.7
Read System Zone 32 Bytes
4.7
5.5
Write System Zone 1 Byte
3.6
4.1
Write System Zone 8 Bytes
4.5
4.9
Write System Zone 16 Bytes
5.6
6.1
Verify Crypto
4.8
5.7
Send Checksum
1.6
1.8
Send Checksum Authentication Mode
3.2
3.8
Send Checksum Encryption Mode
3.2
3.8
Get Checksum
1.9
2.1
Check Password
3.4
4.1
Command
Note:
1.
Nominal values at 25° C. Values are based on characterization and are not tested.
147
5276C–RFID–3/09
Appendix R. 88RF PICC Backward Compatibility
88RF PICCs can be configured to operate in the majority of applications developed for 88SC PICCs. Customers
migrating from 88SC devices to 88RF devices may be required to change their application software if they are using
functions identified in this appendix.
R.1.
Error Handling
When a command packet containing errors is received by an 88SC or 88RF PICC, the status code returned in the
NACK response is the first error detected by the logic. The status code returned by 88RF PICCs may be different from
the status code returned by 88SC PICCs.
R.2.
Security Options
The Access Register (AR) and Device Configuration Register (DCR) definitions for 88RF PICCs are not exactly the
same as the 88SC PICC definitions. Some RFU bits have been assigned new functionality. The changes which impact
backward compatibility are summarized here.
R.2.1. Program Only Mode
88RF PICCs allows the Program Only Mode in User Zone 1 only. Program Only Mode is not allowed in User Zones 0,
2, or 3. The Access Register PGO bit is RFU for registers AR0, AR2, and AR3.
R.2.2. Write Lock Mode
88RF PICCs do not support Write Lock Mode. The Access Register WLM bit is RFU.
R.2.3. Unlimited Checksum Read
88RF PICCs do not support Unlimited Checksum Reads. The Device Configuration Register UCR bit is RFU.
R.2.4. Extended Trials Allowed
The CryptoRF Device Configuration Register ETA bit is RFU. The 88RF PICC attempts limit is always 15; it is no
longer configurable. [88SC PICCs allowed 4 or 8 attempts.]
R.2.5. Dual Access Mode
88RF PICCs do not support Dual Access Mode. The CryptoRF Access Register bits which selected Dual Access Mode
have been assigned to another communication security mode.
R.3.
Attempt Counters
Both the Password Attempts Counters (PACs) and Authentication Attempts Counters (AACs) have been redesigned to
allow 15 failed attempts before the Password or Key is locked. The coding of the PAC and AAC registers has been
changed to support the increased attempts counts.
R.4.
Checksums
The requirement to supply a valid checksum when performing a write in Encryption Communication mode and
Authentication Communication mode is strictly enforced by 88RF PICCs. [88SC PICCs require a valid checksum if the
Access Register security mode bits for the current User Zone require that Encryption Communication mode or
Authentication Communication mode be active to write the User Zone. If Authentication or Encryption is not required,
then 88SC PICCs do not always require that a valid checksum be supplied to perform a write.]
148
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
R.5.
Personalization
The 88RF PICC fuse bit functionality has been changed to allow enhanced security during the device personalization
process. See Appendix F and Appendix G for information.
Customers that do not program any of the security fuses until the end of the personalization process will not notice a
difference when personalizing 88RF PICCs. 88RF PICCs act the same as 88SC PICCs when the security fuses are in
the default state.
R.5.1. Write System Zone with Anti-Tearing
88RF PICCs do not support anti-tearing writes using the Write System Zone command. Attempts to activate this option
will result in a NACK response.
R.5.2. Reserved Memory
88RF PICCs do not allow writes to registers identified in the Configuration Memory Map as reserved. Any attempts to
write these registers will be NACKed. Attempts to read the Configuration Memory using a starting address which is a
reserved byte will be NACKed.
R.5.3. OTP Memory
88RF PICCs have 25 bytes of OTP memory available for customer use in the Configuration Memory; 88SC PICCs
have 27 bytes of OTP memory available for customer use. In 88RF PICCs bytes $0E and $0F are the read-only
Hardware Revision Register (HWR); in 88SC PICCs these bytes are available for customer use.
149
5276C–RFID–3/09
Appendix S. Ordering Information
CryptoRF with 4K bits of User Memory configured as 4 Zones of 128 Bytes each
Ordering Code
Package
Tuning Capacitor
Temperature Range
82 pF
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88RF04C-MR1G
R Module
AT88RF04C-MX1G
MX1 RFID Tag, 13 mm Square
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88RF04C-MY1G
MY1 RFID Tag, 17 mm Round
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88RF04C-WA1
6 mil wafer, 150 mm diameter
82 pF
Industrial (-40 C to 85 C)
CryptoRF with 8K bits of User Memory configured as 8 Zones of 128 Bytes each
Ordering Code
Package
Tuning Capacitor
Temperature Range
82 pF
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88SC0808CRF-MR1
R Module
AT88SC0808CRF-MX1
MX1 RFID Tag, 13 mm Square
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88SC0808CRF-MY1
MY1 RFID Tag, 17 mm Round
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88SC0808CRF-WA1
6 mil wafer, 150 mm diameter
82 pF
Industrial (-40 C to 85 C)
CryptoRF with 16K bits of User Memory configured as 16 Zones of 128 Bytes each
Ordering Code
Package
Tuning Capacitor
Temperature Range
82 pF
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88SC1616CRF-MR1
R Module
AT88SC1616CRF-MX1
MX1 RFID Tag, 13 mm Square
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88SC1616CRF-MY1
MY1 RFID Tag, 17 mm Round
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88SC1616CRF-WA1
6 mil wafer, 150 mm diameter
82 pF
Industrial (-40 C to 85 C)
CryptoRF with 32K bits of User Memory configured as 16 Zones of 256 Bytes each
Ordering Code
150
Package
Tuning Capacitor
Temperature Range
82 pF
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88SC3216CRF-MR1
R Module
AT88SC3216CRF-MX1
MX1 RFID Tag, 13 mm Square
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88SC3216CRF-MY1
MY1 RFID Tag, 17 mm Round
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88SC3216CRF-WA1
6 mil wafer, 150 mm diameter
82 pF
Industrial (-40 C to 85 C)
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
CryptoRF with 64K bits of User Memory configured as 16 Zones of 512 Bytes each
Ordering Code
Package
Tuning Capacitor
Temperature Range
82 pF
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88SC6416CRF-MR1
R Module
AT88SC6416CRF-MX1
MX1 RFID Tag, 13 mm Square
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88SC6416CRF-MY1
MY1 RFID Tag, 17 mm Round
Commercial (-25 C to 70 C)
AT88SC6416CRF-WA1
6 mil wafer, 150 mm diameter
Package Type
82 pF
Industrial (-40 C to 85 C)
Description
R Module
2-lead RF Smart Card Module, XOA2 style, on 35 mm tape, Ag finish, Green(1)
MX1 RFID Tag
13 x 13 mm Square Epoxy Glass RFID Tag on 35 mm tape, Au finish, Green(1)
MY1 RFID Tag
17 mm Round Epoxy Glass RFID Tag on 35 mm tape, Au finish, Green(1)
Note:
1. Lead-free, halogen-free package. Exceeds RoHS requirements.
The ordering codes for CryptoRF in standard packages are listed here. For additional ordering information see
CryptoRF and Secure RF Standard Product Offerings at www.atmel.com
151
5276C–RFID–3/09
S.2.
Mechanical
Mechanical Drawing of Module R Package (XOA2 Style)
Ordering Code: AT88RFxxC-MR1G and AT88SCxxxxCRF-MR1
152
Dimension:
5.06 x 8.00 [mm]
Glob Top:
Square – 4.8 x 5.1 [mm]
Thickness:
0.38 [mm]
Pitch:
9.5 [mm]
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Mechanical Drawing of MX1 Epoxy Glass RFID Tag
Ordering Code: AT88RFxxC-MX1G and AT88SCxxxxCRF-MX1
153
5276C–RFID–3/09
Mechanical Drawing of MY1 Epoxy Glass RFID Tag
Ordering Code: AT88RFxxC-MY1G and AT88SCxxxxCRF-MY1
154
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Appendix T.
T.1.
Errata
Lot History Code Register Contents
The format of the Lot History Code Register at addresses $10 thru $17 of the Configuration Memory has been changed
to contain a Unique Serial Number for each die. The first forty one bits of the register contain the Unique Serial
Number, while the other twenty three bits contain additional lot history information. Since this is a read-only register,
these bits can be used by customers to uniquely identify a particular die for anticollision, authentication key
diversification, or any other purpose required by the application.
Figure 53.
Addr
Contents of UDSN (Lot History Code) Register
$10
$10
$11
$12
$13
$14
Unique Serial Number
$15
$16
$17
Other Lot Information
Read Only
This register format change is effective on all CryptoRF products manufactured in July 2008 or later. Prior to July 2008
the contents of the Lot History Code Register are not unique for each die.
Atmel reserves the right to modify the format of the contents of the UDSN register without notice. However the UDSN
register value is guaranteed to be unique for each die. The register name in the Configuration Memory Maps has been
updated to Unique Die Serial Number in revision B of this document to reflect this change.
T.2.
Read User Zone command
As the Read User Zone command reads data from the device's currently selected User Zone the data byte address is
internally incremented as each byte is read from memory. If the data byte address increments beyond the end of the
current User Zone during a read, then the address will "roll over" to the first byte of the same User Zone.
T.3.
Read User Zone command PARAM Codes [88RF]
The Read User Zone command accepts PARAM = $01, $02, $03 and interprets them as PARAM = $00. The Read
User Zone command accepts PARAM = $81, $82, $83 and interprets them as PARAM = $80. In both cases the read
operation succeeds, when it should NACKed due to an invalid PARAM.
This error will be fixed in future products. Customers are advised that these PARAM values are not supported.
T.4.
Status Codes [88RF]
In the response to each CryptoRF command the PICC returns a Status Code which indicates the state of the device or
the reason for failure of a requested operation. 88RF PICCs are known to return misleading Status Codes under
certain circumstances:
Write User Zone command
The Write User Zone command returns Status Code $A1 and NACK when L greater than $0F is sent. A Status Code
$A3 is expected. The write operation fails and no data is written.
Write System Zone command
The Write System Zone command returns Status Code $B0 and ACK when the integrated checksum option is used in
the encryption communication mode. A Status Code $00 is expected. The write operation succeeds and the data is
written to the EEPROM correctly.
The Write System Zone command returns Status Code $C9 and NACK when PARAM = $02 is sent. A Status Code
$A1 is expected. The write operation fails and no data is written.
The Write System Zone command returns Status Code $00 and NACK when PARAM = $0C and an invalid ADDR is
sent. A Status Code $A2 is expected. The operation fails and no data is written.
155
5276C–RFID–3/09
Customers are advised that past and future products may return Status Codes that are different. The ACK/NACK byte
reports if a requested operation has passed or failed; the Status code contains additional information.
T.5.
Encryption Activation Change [88RF]
One byte value in the Encryption Activation procedure has been changed to allow 88RF PICCs to be used with the
AT88SC018 CryptoMemory Companion chip. This change may impact customers migrating from 88SC PICCs to 88RF
PICCs if the Encryption Communication Security mode is used.
When the host calculates the Authentication Activation Challenge at step 8 in the procedure in section K.8, a value of
$FF must be substituted in the calculation (in place of the actual 88RF PICC AAC value of $55).
This change is intentional.
156
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
5276C–RFID–3/09
AT88SC0808/1616/3216/6416CRF, AT88RF04C
Appendix U. Revision History
Doc. Rev.
Date
Comments
5276A
07/2008
Initial document release
5276B
03/2009
Add all CryptoRF Security Function Specifications. This Specification now
requires an LLA license. REMOVED LLA AUGUST 2009
5276C
03/2009
Delete AT88SC0104CRF, AT88SC0204CRF, AT88SC0404CRF
Specifications. Add AT88RF04C Specifications.
157
5276C–RFID–3/09
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