Features • One of a Family of Devices with User Memories from 1 Kbit to 1 Mbit • 4-Kbit (512-byte) EEPROM User Memory • • • • • – Four 128-byte (1-Kbit) Zones – Self-timed Write Cycle (5 ms) – Single Byte or 16-byte Page Write Mode – Programmable Access Rights for Each Zone 2-Kbit Configuration Zone – 37-byte OTP Area for User-defined Codes – 160-byte Area for User-defined Keys and Passwords High Security Features – 64-bit Patented Dynamic Symetric Mutual Authentication Protocol (Under Exclusive Patent License from ELVA) – Encrypted Checksum – Stream Encryption – Four Key Sets for Authentication and Encryption – Eight Sets of Two 24-bit Passwords – Anti-tearing Function – Voltage and Frequency Monitor Smart Card Features – ISO 7816 Class A (5V) or Class B (3V) Operation – ISO 7816-3 Asynchronous T = 0 Protocol (Gemplus Patent) – Multiple Zones, Key Sets and Passwords for Multi-application Use – Synchronous 2-wire Serial Interface for Faster Device Initialization – Programmable 8-byte Answer-To-Reset Register – ISO 7816-2 Compliant Modules Embedded Application Features – Low Voltage Operation: 2.7V to 5.5V – Secure Nonvolatile Storage for Sensitive System or User Information – 2-wire Serial Interface – 1.5 MHz Compatibility for Fast Operation – Standard 8-lead Plastic Packages – Same Pinout as 2-wire Serial EEPROMs High Reliability – Endurance: 100,000 Cycles – Data Retention: 10 years – ESD Protection: 4,000V min CryptoMemory® 4 Kbit AT88SC0404C Summary Table 1. Pin Configuration Pad Description ISO Module Contact Standard Package Pin VCC Supply Voltage C1 8 GND Ground C5 4 SCL/CLK Serial Clock Input C3 6 SDA/IO Serial Data Input/Output C7 5 RST Reset Input C2 NC Smart Card Module VCC=C1 C5=GND RST=C2 C6=NC SCL/CLK=C3 NC=C4 C7=SDA/IO C8=NC 8-lead SAP 8-lead SOIC, PDIP NC NC NC GND 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 VCC VCC NC NC SCL SCL SDA SDA 8 7 6 5 1 2 3 4 Bottom view NC NC NC GND Rev. 2023ES–SMEM–07/04 Note: This is a summary document. A complete document is available under NDA. For more information, please contact your local Atmel sales office. 1 Description The AT88SC0404C member of the CryptoMemory family is a high-performance secure memory providing 4 Kbits of user memory with advanced security and cryptographic features built in. The user memory is divided into four 128-byte zones, each of which may be individually set with different security access rights or combined together to provide space for 1 to 4 data files. Smart Card Applications The AT88SC0404C provides high security, low cost, and ease of implementation without the need for a microprocessor operating system. The embedded cryptographic engine provides for dynamic, symmetric-mutual authentication between the device and host, as well as performing stream encryption for all data and passwords exchanged between the device and host. Up to four unique key sets may be used for these operations. The AT88SC0404C offers the ability to communicate with virtually any smart card reader using the asynchronous T = 0 protocol (Gemplus Patent) defined in ISO 7816-3. Embedded Applications Through dynamic, symmetric-mutual authentication, data encryption, and the use of encrypted checksums, the AT88SC0404C provides a secure place for storage of sensitive information within a system. With its tamper detection circuits, this information remains safe even under attack. A 2-wire serial interface running at 1.5 MHz is used for fast and efficient communications with up to 15 devices that may be individually addressed. The AT88SC0404C is available in industry standard 8-lead packages with the same familiar pinout as 2-wire serial EEPROMs. Figure 1. Block Diagram VCC GND SCL/CLK SDA/IO RST Power Management Authentication, Encryption and Certification Unit Synchronous Interface Data Transfer Asynchronous ISO Interface Password Verification Reset Block Answer to Reset Random Generator EEPROM Pin Descriptions Supply Voltage (VCC) The VCC input is a 2.7V to 5.5V positive voltage supplied by the host. Clock (SCL/CLK) In the asynchronous T = 0 protocol, the SCL/CLK input is used to provide the device with a carrier frequency f. The nominal length of one bit emitted on I/O is defined as an “elementary time unit” (ETU) and is equal to 372/f. When the synchronous protocol is used, the SCL/CLK input is used to positive edge clock data into the device and negative edge clock data out of the device. 2 AT88SC0404C 2023ES–SMEM–07/04 AT88SC0404C Serial Data (SDA/IO) The SDA pin is bidirectional for serial data transfer. This pin is open-drain driven and may be wired with any number of other open drain or open collector devices. An external pull-up resistor should be connected between SDA and V CC . The value of this resistor and the system capacitance loading the SDA bus will determine the rise time of SDA. This rise time will determine the maximum frequency during read operations. Low value pull-up resistors will allow higher frequency operations while drawing higher average power supply current. Reset (RST) The AT88SC0404C provides an ISO 7816-3 compliant asynchronous answer to reset sequence. When the reset sequence is activated, the device will output the data programmed into the 64-bit answer-to-reset register. An internal pull-up on the RST input pad allows the device to be used in synchronous mode without bonding RST. The AT88SC0404C does not support the synchronous answer-to-reset sequence. Device Architecture User Zones The EEPROM user memory is divided into 4 zones of 1024 bits each. Multiple zones allow for different types of data or files to be stored in different zones. Access to the user zones is allowed only after security requirements have been met. These security requirements are defined by the user during the personalization of the device in the configuration zone. If the same security requirements are selected for multiple zones, then these zones may effectively be accessed as one larger zone. Table 2. User Zones ZONE $0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $000 128 bytes – User 0 – $078 $000 128 bytes User 1 – $078 $000 128 bytes – User 2 – $078 $000 128 bytes – User 3 – $078 Control Logic Access to the user zones occurs only through the control logic built into the device. This logic is configurable through access registers, key registers and keys programmed into the configuration zone during device personalization. Also implemented in the control logic is a cryptographic engine for performing the various higher-level security functions of the device. 3 2023ES–SMEM–07/04 Configuration Zone The configuration zone consists of 2048 bits of EEPROM memory used for storing passwords, keys and codes and defining security levels to be used for each user zone. Access rights to the configuration zone are defined in the control logic and may not be altered by the user. Table 3. Configuration Zone Component Address Answer to Reset $00 Fab Code Memory Test Zone Card Manufacturers Code Lot History Code Device Configuration Register $18 Identification Number Access Registers Password/Key Registers Issuer Code Authentication Attempts Counters $50 Cryptograms Session Encryption Keys Secret Seeds Password Attempts Counters $B0 Write Passwords Read Passwords Reserved Security Fuses 4 There are three fuses on the device that must be blown during the device personalization process. Each fuse locks certain portions of the configuration zone as OTP memory. Fuses are designed for the module manufacturer, card manufacturer and card issuer and should be blown in sequence, although all programming of the device and blowing of the fuses may be performed at one final step. AT88SC0404C 2023ES–SMEM–07/04 AT88SC0404C Protocol Selection The AT88SC0404C supports two different communication protocols. • Smart Card Applications: The asynchronous T = 0 protocol defined by ISO 7816-3 is used for compatibility with the industry’s standard smart card readers. • Embedded Applications: A 2-wire serial interface is used for fast and efficient communication with logic or controllers. The power-up sequence determines which of the two communication protocols will be used. Asynchronous T = 0 Protocol This power-up sequence complies with ISO 7816-3 for a cold reset in smart card applications. • VCC goes high; RST, I/O-SDA and CLK-SCL are low. • Set I/O-SDA in receive mode. • Provide a clock signal to CLK-SCL. • RST goes high after 400 clock cycles. The device will respond with a 64-bit ATR code, including historical bytes to indicate the memory density within the CryptoMemory family. Once the asynchronous mode has been selected, it is not possible to switch to the synchronous mode without powering off the device. Figure 2. Asynchronous T = 0 Protocol (Gemplus Patent) Vcc ATR I/O-SDA RST CLK-SCL Synchronous 2-wire Serial Interface The synchronous mode is the default after powering up VCC due to the internal pull-up on RST. For embedded applications using CryptoMemory in standard plastic packages, this is the only communication protocol. • Power-up VCC, RST goes high also. • After stable VCC, CLK-SCL and I/O-SDA may be driven. Figure 3. Synchronous 2-wire Protocol Vcc I/O-SDA RST CLK-SCL Note: 1 2 3 4 5 Five clock pulses must be sent before the first command is issued. 5 2023ES–SMEM–07/04 Communication Security Modes Communications between the device and host operate in three basic modes. Standard mode is the default mode for the device after power-up. Authentication mode is activated by a successful authentication sequence. Encryption mode is activated by a successful encryption activation following a successful authentication. Table 4. Communication Security Modes(1) Mode Configuration Data User Data Passwords Data Integrity Check Standard Clear Clear Clear MDC Authentication Clear Clear Encrypted MAC Encryption Clear Encrypted Encrypted MAC Note: 1. Configuration data include viewable areas of the Configuration Zone except the passwords: MDC: Modification Detection Code. MAC: Message Authentication Code. Security Options Anti-tearing In the event of a power loss during a write cycle, the integrity of the device’s stored data may be recovered. This function is optional: the host may choose to activate the antitearing function, depending on application requirements. When anti-tearing is active, write commands take longer to execute, since more write cycles are required to complete them, and data are limited to eight bytes. Data are written first to a buffer zone in EEPROM instead of the intended destination address, but with the same access conditions. The data are then written in the required location. If this second write cycle is interrupted due to a power loss, the device will automatically recover the data from the system buffer zone at the next power-up. In 2-wire mode, the host is required to perform ACK polling for up to 20 ms after write commands when anti-tearing is active. At power-up, the host is required to perform ACK polling, in some cases for up to 10 ms, in the event that the device needs to carry out the data recovery process. Write Lock If a user zone is configured in the write lock mode, the lowest address byte of an 8-byte page constitutes a write access byte for the bytes of that page. Example: The write lock byte at $080 controls the bytes from $080 to $087. $080 $081 $082 $083 $084 $085 $086 $087 @ 11011001 xxxx xxxx locked xxxx xxxx locked xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx locked xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx $80 The write lock byte may also be locked by writing its least significant (rightmost) bit to “0”. Moreover, when write lock mode is activated, the write lock byte can only be programmed – that is, bits written to “0” cannot return to “1”. In the write lock configuration, only one byte can be written at a time. Even if several bytes are received, only the first byte will be taken into account by the device. 6 AT88SC0404C 2023ES–SMEM–07/04 AT88SC0404C Password Verification Passwords may be used to protect read and/or write access of any user zone. When a valid password is presented, it is memorized and active until power is turned off, unless a new password is presented or RST becomes active. There are eight password sets that may be used to protect any user zone. Only one password is active at a time, but write passwords give read access also. Authentication Protocol The access to a user zone may be protected by an authentication protocol. Any one of four keys may be selected to use with a user zone. The authentication success is memorized and active as long as the chip is powered, unless a new authentication is initialized or RST becomes active. If the new authentication request is not validated, the card loses its previous authentication and it should be presented again. Only the last request is memorized. Note: Password and authentication may be presented at any time and in any order. If the trials limit has been reached (after four consecutive incorrect attempts), the password verification or authentication process will not be taken into account. Figure 4. Password and Authentication Operations VERIFY RPW DATA Checksum (CS) VERIFY CS VERIFY CS CS Write DATA Checksum The AT88SC0404C implements a data validity check function in the form of a checksum, which may function in standard, authentication or encryption modes. In the standard mode, the checksum is implemented as a Modification Detection Code (MDC), in which the host may read an MDC from the device in order to verify that the data sent was received correctly. In the authentication and encryption modes, the checksum becomes more powerful since it provides a bidirectional data integrity check and data origin authentication capability in the form of a Message Authentication Code (MAC). Only the host/device that carried out a valid authentication is capable of computing a valid MAC. While operating in the authentication or encryption modes, the use of a MAC is required. For an ingoing command, if the device calculates a MAC different from the MAC transmitted by the host, not only is the command abandoned but the mode is also reset. A new authentication and/or encryption activation will be required to reactivate the MAC. 7 2023ES–SMEM–07/04 Encryption The data exchanged between the device and the host during read, write and verify password commands may be encrypted to ensure data confidentiality. The issuer may choose to require encryption for a user zone by settings made in the configuration zone. Any one of four keys may be selected for use with a user zone. In this case, activation of the encryption mode is required in order to read/write data in the zone and only encrypted data will be transmitted. Even if not required, the host may elect to activate encryption provided the proper keys are known. Supervisor Mode Enabling this feature allows the holder of one specific password to gain full access to all eight password sets, including the ability to change passwords. Modify Forbidden No write access is allowed in a user zone protected with this feature at any time. The user zone must be written during device personalization prior to blowing the security fuses. Program Only For a user zone protected by this feature, data within the zone may be changed from a “1” to a “0”, but never from a “0” to a “1”. Initial Device Programming To enable the security features of CryptoMemory, the device must first be personalized to set up several registers and load in the appropriate passwords and keys. This is accomplished through programming the configuration zone of CryptoMemory using simple write and read commands. To gain access to the configuration zone, the secure code must first be successfully presented. For the AT88SC0404C device, the secure code is $60 57 34. After writing and verfiying data in the configuration zone, the security fuses must be blown to lock this information in the device. For additional information on personalizing CryptoMemory, please see the application notes Programming CryptoMemory for Embedded Applications and Initializing CryptoMemory for Smart Card Applications (at www.Atmel.com). 8 AT88SC0404C 2023ES–SMEM–07/04 AT88SC0404C Ordering Information Ordering Code Package Voltage Range Temperature Range AT88SC0404C-MJ AT88SC0404C-MP M2 – J Module M2 – P Module 2.7V–5.5V Commercial (0°C–70°C) AT88SC0404C-PI AT88SC0404C-SI AT88SC0404C-Y4I 8P3 8S1 8Y4 2.7V–5.5V Industrial (−40°C–85°C) AT88SC0404C-PU AT88SC0404C-SU AT88SC0404C-Y4U 8P3 8S1 8Y4 2.7V–5.5V Lead-free/Halogen-free/Industrial (−40°C–85°C) AT88SC0404C-WI 7 mil wafer 2.7V–5.5V Industrial (−40°C–85°C) Package Type(1) Description M2 – J Module M2 ISO 7816 Smart Card Module M2 – P Module M2 ISO 7816 Smart Card Module with Atmel Logo 8P3 8-lead, 0.300” Wide, Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) 8S1 8-lead, 0.150” Wide, Plastic Gull Wing Small Outline Package (JEDEC SOIC) 8Y4 8-lead, 6.00 mm x 4.90 mm Body, SOIC Array Package (SAP) Note: 1. Formal drawings may be obtained from an Atmel sales office. 9 2023ES–SMEM–07/04 Packaging Information Ordering Code: MJ Module Size: M2 Dimension*: 12.6 x 11.4 [mm] Glob Top: Round - ∅ 8.5 [mm] Thickness: 0.58 [mm] Pitch: 14.25 mm Ordering Code: MP Module Size: M2 Dimension*: 12.6 x 11.4 [mm] Glob Top: Square - 8.8 x 8.8 [mm] Thickness: 0.58 [mm] Pitch: 14.25 mm *Note: The module dimensions listed refer to the dimensions of the exposed metal contact area. The actual dimensions of the module after excise or punching from the carrier tape are generally 0.4 mm greater in both directions (i.e., a punched M2 module will yield 13.0 x 11.8 mm). 10 AT88SC0404C 2023ES–SMEM–07/04 AT88SC0404C Ordering Code: SI, SU 8-lead SOIC C 1 E E1 L N ∅ Top View End View e B COMMON DIMENSIONS (Unit of Measure = mm) A A1 D Side View SYMBOL MIN NOM MAX A 1.35 – 1.75 A1 0.10 – 0.25 b 0.31 – 0.51 C 0.17 – 0.25 D 4.80 – 5.00 E1 3.81 – 3.99 E 5.79 – 6.20 e NOTE 1.27 BSC L 0.40 – 1.27 ∅ 0˚ – 8˚ Note: These drawings are for general information only. Refer to JEDEC Drawing MS-012, Variation AA for proper dimensions, tolerances, datums, etc. 10/7/03 R 1150 E. Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd. Colorado Springs, CO 80906 TITLE 8S1, 8-lead (0.150" Wide Body), Plastic Gull Wing Small Outline (JEDEC SOIC) DRAWING NO. 8S1 REV. B 11 2023ES–SMEM–07/04 Ordering Code: PI, PU 8-lead PDIP E 1 E1 N Top View c eA End View COMMON DIMENSIONS (Unit of Measure = inches) D e D1 A2 A SYMBOL MIN NOM A b2 b3 b 4 PLCS Side View L 0.210 NOTE 2 A2 0.115 0.130 0.195 b 0.014 0.018 0.022 5 b2 0.045 0.060 0.070 6 6 b3 0.030 0.039 0.045 c 0.008 0.010 0.014 D 0.355 0.365 0.400 D1 0.005 E 0.300 E1 0.240 e 3 3 0.310 0.325 4 0.250 0.280 3 0.100 BSC eA L Notes: MAX 0.300 BSC 0.115 0.130 4 0.150 2 1. This drawing is for general information only; refer to JEDEC Drawing MS-001, Variation BA for additional information. 2. Dimensions A and L are measured with the package seated in JEDEC seating plane Gauge GS-3. 3. D, D1 and E1 dimensions do not include mold Flash or protrusions. Mold Flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch. 4. E and eA measured with the leads constrained to be perpendicular to datum. 5. Pointed or rounded lead tips are preferred to ease insertion. 6. b2 and b3 maximum dimensions do not include Dambar protrusions. Dambar protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 (0.25 mm). 01/09/02 R 12 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 TITLE 8P3, 8-lead, 0.300" Wide Body, Plastic Dual In-line Package (PDIP) DRAWING NO. REV. 8P3 B AT88SC0404C 2023ES–SMEM–07/04 AT88SC0404C Ordering Code: Y4I, Y4U 8-lead SAP PIN 1 INDEX AREA A D1 PIN 1 ID D E1 L A1 E e b e1 A COMMON DIMENSIONS (Unit of Measure = mm) SYMBOL MIN NOM MAX A – – 0.90 A1 0.00 – 0.05 D 5.80 6.00 6.20 E 4.70 4.90 5.10 D1 2.85 3.00 3.15 E1 2.85 3.00 3.15 b 0.35 0.40 0.45 e 1.27 TYP e1 3.81 REF L 0.50 0.60 NOTE 0.70 5/24/04 R 1150 E. Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd. Colorado Springs, CO 80817 TITLE 8Y4, 8-lead (6.00 x 4.90 mm Body) SOIC Array Package (SAP) Y4 DRAWING NO. REV. 8Y4 A 13 2023ES–SMEM–07/04 Atmel Headquarters Atmel Operations Corporate Headquarters Memory 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 TEL 1(408) 441-0311 FAX 1(408) 487-2600 Europe Atmel Sarl Route des Arsenaux 41 Case Postale 80 CH-1705 Fribourg Switzerland TEL (41) 26-426-5555 FAX (41) 26-426-5500 Asia Room 1219 Chinachem Golden Plaza 77 Mody Road Tsimhatsui East Kowloon Hong Kong TEL (852) 2721-9778 FAX (852) 2722-1369 Japan 9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 Japan TEL (81) 3-3523-3551 FAX (81) 3-3523-7581 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 TEL 1(408) 441-0311 FAX 1(408) 436-4314 RF/Automotive Theresienstrasse 2 Postfach 3535 74025 Heilbronn, Germany TEL (49) 71-31-67-0 FAX (49) 71-31-67-2340 Microcontrollers 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 TEL 1(408) 441-0311 FAX 1(408) 436-4314 La Chantrerie BP 70602 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France TEL (33) 2-40-18-18-18 FAX (33) 2-40-18-19-60 ASIC/ASSP/Smart Cards 1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. 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The Company assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document, reserves the right to change devices or specifications detailed herein at any time without notice, and does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. No licenses to patents or other intellectual property of Atmel are granted by the Company in connection with the sale of Atmel products, expressly or by implication. Atmel’s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. ATMEL ® and CryptoMemory ® are registered trademarks of Atmel. Other terms and product names may be the trademarks of others. Printed on recycled paper. 2023ES–SMEM–07/04