Single Output UCH Models www.murata-ps.com Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters FEATURES Standard “half-brick” configuration Designed to meet UL/EN60950-1 safety approvals (BASIC insulation) Fully isolated, 2250Vdc guaranteed Output voltages: 1.8 – 15 Volts VIN range: 36-75V or 18-36V Full 50-150 Watt output power Reliable SMT-on-pcb construction Input under and output overvoltage shutdown Typical Unit Output current limiting and short-circuit protection On/off, VOUT trim and sense functions PRODUCT OVERVIEW Modifications and customs for OEMs Lead-free RoHS construction/attach The high efficiency, low noise and long-term reliability that defines DATEL DC/DC Converters now comes to you in the standard “half-brick” configuration (2.3˝ x 2.4˝ x 0.40˝). All models in our new UCH Series meet UL/EN60950-1 safety requirements, including each European country’s deviations. All models have BASIC insulation; guarantee 2250Vdc (in to out) isolation; and because they are designed with Class B thermal insulation, satisfy all safety requirements over their full operating temperatures. Double lead-free construction/attach meets stringent RoHS specifications. UCH Models are designed for demanding telecom, datacom and networking applications. Their “semi-synchronous-rectifier” design achieves impressive efficiencies. Output voltages are 1.8 to 15 Volts. The input voltage range is 36 to 75 or 18 to 36 Volts. All models meet the Low Voltage Directive (LVD). For high reliability and affordability, DATEL utilizes high-speed automatic assembly to construct the UCH’s proven SMT-on-pcb designs. An optional baseplate offers full output power at maximum temperature. UCH’s feature input filters, input undervoltage and overvoltage lockout, output current limiting, short-circuit protection, and thermal shutdown. Additionally, all devices have output trim capability and an on/off control pin that can be ordered with either polarity. +SENSE (6) +VOUT (5) +VIN (4) CASE (2) SWITCH CONTROL –VOUT (9) –VIN (1) –SENSE (8) PMW CONTROLLER For full details go to www.murata-ps.com/rohs REMOTE* ON/OFF CONTROL (3) INPUT UNDERVOLTAGE, INPUT OVERVOLTAGE, AND OUTPUT OVERVOLTAGE COMPARATORS OPTO ISOLATION REFERENCE & ERROR MAP VOUT TRIM (7) Typical topology is shown. *Can be ordered with positive (standard) or negative (optional) polarity. Figure 1. Simplified Schematic www.murata-ps.com Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 1 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters Performance Specifications and Ordering Guide ➀ ORDERING GUIDE Output Input R/N (mVp-p) ➁ Regulation (Max.) ➂ Root Family ➀ UCH-1.8/40-D48N-C UCH-2.5/40-D48N-C UCH-3.3/10-D24P-C UCH-3.3/10-D48N-C UCH-3.3/15-D48N-C UCH-3.3/35-D24P-C UCH-3.3/30-D48N-C UCH-5/10-D48N-C UCH-5/20-D24P-C UCH-5/30-D48N-C UCH-12/4.2-D48N-C UCH-12/12.5-D48N-C UCH-15/6.7-D48N-C VOUT IOUT Power (Volts) (Amps) (Watts) 1.8 2.5 3.3 5 12 12 15 40 40 10 10 15 35 30 10 20 30 4.2 12.5 6.7 72 100 33 33 49.5 115.5 99 50 100 150 50.4 150 100.5 Typ. Max. Line Load 50 100 100 ±0.25% ±0.2% 150 ±0.125% ±0.1% ±0.2% ±0.2% ±0.125% ±0.125% ±0.125% ±0.125% ±0.125% ±0.125% ±0.125% 150 ±0.125% 50 60 50 60 80 50 70 80 150 100 ±0.25% IIN, IIN, full VIN Nom. Range no load load (Volts) (Volts) (mA) (Amps) 48 48 24 48 48 24 48 48 24 36-75 36-75 18-36 36-75 36-75 18-36 36-75 36-75 18-36 48 36-75 50 50 100 90 1.72 2.34 1.54 0.77 1.16 5.41 2.29 1.17 4.6 3.43 1.16 3.37 2.28 Efficiency Min. Typ. 85% 87.5% 87% 87% Package C61 Case inches (mm) Pinout 89% 2.4×2.28×0.40 90% (61×57.9×10.2) 89% 90.5% 89% 91% 87.5% 90.5% 89% 92.6% 91% 92% 89% 85.5% P17 ➀ Please refer to the full model number structure for additional ordering part numbers and options. ➁ All specifications are at nominal line voltage and full load, +25 °C. unless otherwise noted. See detailed specifications. Output capacitors are 1 μF ceramic in parallel with 10 μF electrolytic . Input cap is 22 μF, low ESR. I/O caps are necessary for our test equipment and may not be needed for your application PART NUMBER STRUCTURE U CH - 5 / 30 - D48 N B H - C Output Configuration: Unipolar Single Output Half-brick package Nominal Output Voltage Maximum Rated Output: Current in Amps Input Voltage Range: D24 = 18-36 Volts D48 = 36-75 Volts RoHS Hazardous Materials Compliance C = RoHS-6 (no lead), standard Y = RoHS-5 (with lead), optional, special order Optional Conformal Coating Blank = No coating, standard H = Coating added, optional special order Note: Some model number combinations may not be available. Contact Murata Power Solutions for availability. Optional Baseplate Blank = No Baseplate, standard B = Baseplate installed, optional quantity order On/Off Control Polarity P = Positive polarity (standard for D24, optional for D48) N = Negative polarity (standard for D48, optional for D24) www.murata-ps.com Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 2 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS 2.30 (58.4) User’s thermal surface and hardware Recommended threaded insert torque is 0.35-0.55 N-M or 3-5 in-lbs. 0.40 (10.2) Baseplate Do not remove M3 x 0.50 threaded inserts from bottom PCB 0.50 (12.7) 0.015 min. clearance between standoffs and highest component 0.18 (4.6) Pin Diameters: Pins 1-4, 6-8 Pins 5, 9 1.900 (48.26) 0.015 minimum clearance between standoffs and highest component 0.18 (4.6) 0.040 ± 0.001 (1.016 ±0.025) 0.080 ± 0.001 (2.032 ±0.025) 0.20 (5.1) 2.30 (58.4) 1.90 (48.3) 1 9 2 M3 x 0.50 threaded insert and standoff (4 places) 8 Case C61 7 3 6 0.400 (10.16) 4 0.700 (17.78) 1.000 (25.40) 1.400 (35.56) Screw length must not go through Baseplate 2.40 (60.96) 2.00 (50.8) 2.40 (61.0) 5 0.50 (12.70) UCH with Optional Baseplate Bottom View INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTIONS Pin Function P17 1 −Input 2 Case 3 On/Off Control 4 +Input 5 +Output 6 +Sense 7 Trim 8 −Sense 9 −Output Dimensions are in inches (mm shown for ref. only). Third Angle Projection Tolerances (unless otherwise specified): .XX ± 0.02 (0.5) .XXX ± 0.010 (0.25) Angles ± 2˚ Components are shown for reference only. Pin 2 may be removed under special order. Please contact Murata Power Solutions. www.murata-ps.com Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 3 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters Performance Specifications and Ordering Guide ➀ UCH-1.8/40-D48 UCH-2.5/40-D48 UCH-3.3/10-D24 UCH-3.3/10-D48 UCH-3.3/15-D48 UCH-3.3/35-D24 UCH-3.3/30-D48 Input Input voltage range See ordering guide Start-up threshold, Volts 34 34 16 34 34 16 34 Undervoltage shutdown, V 32 31 15 31 31 15 31 15 15 10 1.54 7.21 3.09 Overvoltage shutdown Reflected (back) ripple current, mA pk-pk none 10 20 10 15 Input Current Full load conditions See ordering guide. Inrush transient, A2sec 0.05 Output short circuit, mA No load, mA Low line (VIN = min.), Amps 50 50 2.30 Standby mode, mA (Off, UV, OT shutdown) 2 Internal input filter type Pi External recommended fuse, Amps 10 100 1.54 2.06 1.03 10 8 L-C 3 5 3 Reverse polarity protection 3 12.5 7.5 See notes. Remote On/Off Control Positive logic (P model suffix) OFF = Ground pin to +1V max. ON = Open or +3.5 to +13.5V max Negative logic (N model suffix) OFF = Open or +2.5V to +15V max. ON = –0.1V to +0.8V max Current, mA 1 Output Voltage output range See ordering guide. ±1% of VNOM (50% load) Voltage output accuracy Adjustment range –10 to +10% of VNOM. Temperature coefficient over oper. temp. range ±0.02% of VOUT range per °C Minimum loading No minimum loading. Remote sense compensation +10%. 17 Ripple/noise (20 MHz bandwidth) See ordering guide. Line/Load regulation See ordering guide. Efficiency See ordering guide. Maximum capacitive loading, Low ESR <0.02Ω max., resistive load, μF 10,000 max. www.murata-ps.com Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 4 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters UCH-5/10-D48 UCH-5/20-D24 UCH-5/30-D48 UCH-12/4.2-D48 UCH-12/12.5-D48 UCH-15/6.7-D48 Start-up threshold, Volts 34 16 35 35 35 35 Undervoltage shutdown, V 33 15 34 33.5 33.5 33 20 20 20 Input Input voltage range See ordering guide. Overvoltage shutdown Reflected (back) ripple current, mA pk-pk none 15 20 15 Input Current Full load conditions See ordering guide. Inrush transient, A2sec 0.05 Output short circuit, mA 50 No load, mA Low line (VIN = min.), Amps 100 90 1.54 6.17 4.63 Standby mode, mA (Off, UV, OT shutdown) 4 10 4 Internal input filter type Pi External recommended fuse, Amps 10 1.51 7.5 Reverse polarity protection 3.06 1 L-C 10 4.47 Pi L-C 10 7.5 See notes. Remote On/Off Control Positive logic (P model suffix) OFF = Ground pin to +1V max. ON = Open or +3.5 to +15V max Negative logic (N model suffix) OFF = Open or +2.5V to +15V max. ON = –0.1V to +0.8V max Current, mA 1 Output Voltage output range See ordering guide. ±1% of VNOM. Voltage output accuracy Adjustment range –10 to +10% of VNOM. Temperature coefficient over oper. Temp. range ±0.02% of VOUT range per °C Minimum loading No minimum loading. Remote sense compensation +10%. 17 Ripple/noise (20 MHz bandwidth) See ordering guide. Line/Load regulation See ordering guide. Efficiency See ordering guide. Maximum capacitive loading, Low ESR <0.02Ω max., resistive load, μF 10,000 10,000 max. 20,000 max. www.murata-ps.com 5000 10,000 1,000 Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 5 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters UCH-1.8/40-D48 UCH-2.5/40-D48 UCH-3.3/10-D24 UCH-3.3/10-D48 UCH-3.3/15-D48 UCH-3.3/35-D24 UCH-3.3/30-D48 Isolation Voltage Input to Output, Volts min. 2250 Input to baseplate, Volts min. 1500 Baseplate to output, Volts min. 1500 Isolation resistance, MΩ 100 Isolation capacitance, pF 1000 Isolation safety rating Basic insulation Current limit inception (98% of VOUT, after warmup), Amps 56 max. 49 Short circuit protection method 15 15 19 40 35 4.62 max. 4.95 max. Current limiting, hiccup autorestart. Remove overload for recovery. Short circuit current, Amps 5 Short circuit duration Output may be shorted continuously to ground (no damage). Overvoltage protection, Volts (via magnetic feedback) 2.7 max. 3.75 max. 4.95 V max Prebiased Startup Starts if external voltage is less than VNOM. Dynamic characteristics Dynamic load response (50-75-50% load step) 100 μSec to ±1% 100 μSec to ±1% 200 μSec to ±1% 200 μSec to ±1% 200 μSec to ±1% 200 μSec to ±1% 200 μSec to ±1% of final value of final value of final value of final value of final value of final value of final value Start-up time VIN to VOUT regulated, mSec 10 max. Remote On/Off to VOUT regulated, mSec 10 max. Switching frequency, KHz 360 420 ± 40 330 ± 40 Environmental Calculated MTBF 1.6M hrs. TBD Operating temperature range (with derating) Operating temperature, with baseplate °C (no derating required) 1.8M hrs. TBD −40 to +85 (See Derating Curves) −40 to +110 −40 to +120 Storage temperature range, °C Thermal protection/shutdown, °C −55 to +125 +115 +115 +120 Relative humidity To +85°C/85%, non-condensing Soldering Guidelines Murata Power Solutions recommends the specifications below when installing these converters. These specifications vary depending on the solder type. Exceeding these specifications may cause damage to the product. Be cautious when there is high atmospheric humidity. We strongly recommend a mild pre-bake (100° C. for 30 minutes). Your production environment may differ; therefore please thoroughly review these guidelines with your process engineers. Wave Solder Operations for through-hole mounted products (THMT) For Sn/Ag/Cu based solders: For Sn/Pb based solders: Maximum Preheat Temperature 115° C. Maximum Preheat Temperature 105° C. Maximum Pot Temperature 270° C. Maximum Pot Temperature 250° C. Maximum Solder Dwell Time 7 seconds Maximum Solder Dwell Time 6 seconds www.murata-ps.com Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 6 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters UCH-5/10-D48 UCH-5/20-D24 UCH-5/30-D48 UCH-12/4.2-D48 UCH-12/12.5-D48 UCH-15/6.7-D48 Isolation Voltage Input to Output, Volts min. 2250 Input to baseplate, Volts min. 1500 Baseplate to output, Volts min. 1500 Isolation resistance, MΩ 100 Isolation capacitance, pF 1000 Isolation safety rating Basic insulation Miscellaneous Current limit inception (98% of VOUT, after warmup), Amps 13 Short circuit protection method 26 35 5.4 7.4 Current limiting, hiccup autorestart. Remove overload for recovery. Short circuit current, Amps 5 Short circuit duration Overvoltage protection, Volts (via magnetic feedback) 14.5 Output may be shorted continuously to ground (no damage). 7.75 max. 7.5 max. Prebiased Startup 7.5 18 max. 16.8 max. 17.5 250 μSec to ±1% of final value 250 μSec to ±1% of final value 335 ± 35 350 ± 40 Starts if external voltage is less than VNOM. Dynamic characteristics Dynamic load response (50-75-50% load step) 200 μSec to ±1% of final value 200 μSec to ±1% of final value 200 μSec to ±1% of final value 250 μSec to ±1% of final value Start-up time VIN to VOUT regulated, mSec 10 max. Remote On/Off to VOUT regulated, mSec 10 max. Switching frequency, KHz 300 ± 30 330 ± 40 300 ± 30 335 ± 35 1.6M hours TBD 1.9M hours 1.6M hours Environmental Calculated MTBF Operating temperature range (with derating) TBD −40 to +85 (See Derating Curves) Operating temperature, with baseplate °C (no derating required) −40 to +120 Storage temperature range, °C −55 to +125 Thermal protection/shutdown, °C +120 Relative humidity +115 To +85°C/85%, non-condensing www.murata-ps.com Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 7 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters UCH-1.8/40-D48 UCH-2.5/40-D48 UCH-3.3/10-D24 UCH-3.3/10-D48 UCH-3.3/15-D48 UCH-3.3/35-D24 UCH-3.3/30-D48 Physical Outline dimensions See mechanical specs. Baseplate material Aluminum Pin material Gold plated copper alloy with nickel underplate Pin diameter 0.04/0.08 inches (1.016/2.032 mm) Weight, ounces 1.68 2 Weight, grams 47 60 Electromagnetic interference (conducted and radiated) (external filter required) Designed to meet FCC part 15, class B, EN55022 Flammability UL94V-0 Safety Designed to meet UL 60950-1, CSA C22.2 No.60950-1, IEC/EN 60950-1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Input Voltage: D24 Models - On/Off Control 0-36 VDC 50 VDC 0-75 VDC 100 VDC -0.7 V. min to +15V max. Input Reverse-Polarity Protection See Fuse section Output Overvoltage Output Current Vout nom. +20% max. Current-limited. Devices can withstand sustained short circuit without damage. The outputs are not intended to accept appreciable reverse current. Device includes electronic overtemperature shutdown protection under normal operation. -55 to +125° C See soldering specifications D48 Models - Volts, max. continuous Volts, transient, 100 mSec Volts, max. continuous Volts, transient, 100 mSec Overtemperature Protection Storage Temperature Lead Temperature These are stress ratings. Exposure of devices to greater than any of these conditions may adversely affect long-term reliability. Proper operation under conditions other than those listed in the Performance/Functional Specifications Table is not implied. www.murata-ps.com Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 8 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters UCH-5/10-D48 UCH-5/20-D24 UCH-5/30-D48 UCH-12/4.2-D48 UCH-12/12.5-D48 UCH-15/6.7-D48 Physical Outline dimensions See mechanical specs. Baseplate material Aluminum Pin material Gold plated copper alloy with nickel underplate Pin diameter 0.04/0.08 inches (1.016/2.032 mm) Weight, ounces 2 1.73 Weight, grams 60 49 Electromagnetic interference (conducted and radiated) (external filter required) Designed to meet FCC part 15, class B, EN55022 Flammability Safety UL94V-0 Designed to meet UL 60950-1, CSA C22.2 No.60950-1, IEC/EN 60950-1 Specification Notes: (1) All models are tested and specified with external 1 μF paralleled with 10 μF output capacitors and no external input capacitor. All capacitors are low ESR types. These capacitors are necessary to accommodate our test equipment and may not be required to achieve specified performance in your applications. All models are stable and regulate within spec under no-load conditions. All specifications are typical unless noted. General conditions for Specifications are +25°C, Vin=nominal, Vout=nominal, full load. Adequate airflow must be supplied for extended testing under power. (2) Input Back Ripple Current is tested and specified over a 5 Hz to 20 MHz bandwidth. Input filtering is Cin=33 μF, 100V, Cbus=220 μF, 100V, Lbus=12 μH. (3) Note that Maximum Power Derating curves indicate an average current at nominal input voltage. At higher temperatures and/or lower airflow, the DC/DC converter will tolerate brief full current outputs if the total RMS current over time does not exceed the Derating curve. All Derating curves are presented at sea level altitude. Be aware of reduced power dissipation with increasing altitude. (9) All models are fully operational and meet published specifications, including “cold start” at –40°C. At full power, the package temperature of all on-board components must not exceed +128°C. (10) Regulation specifications describe the deviation as the line input voltage or output load current is varied from a nominal midpoint value to either extreme. (11) The output overvoltage protection is automatic recovery. The overvoltage may occur either from internal failure or from an external forcing voltage as in a shared power system. (12) Output current limit and short circuit protection is non-latching. When the overcurrent fault is removed, the converter will immediately recover. After an output overcurrent or short circuit, “hiccup” operation repeatedly attempts to restart the converter with a brief, full-current output. If the overcurrent condition still exists, the restart current will be removed and then tried again. This short current pulse prevents overheating and damaging the converter. Once the fault is removed, the converter immediately resumes normal operation. (13) Do not exceed maximum power specifications when adjusting the output trim. (4) Mean Time Before Failure is calculated using the Telcordia (Belcore) SR-332 Method 1, Case 3, ground fixed conditions, Tpcboard=+25°C, full load, natural air convection. (5) The On/Off Control is normally selected by a switch or an open collector or open drain transistor. But it may also be driven with external logic or by applying appropriate external voltages which are referenced to Input Common and comply with the On/Off voltage specifications. (6) Output current limiting begins when the output voltage degrades approximately 2% from the selected setting. (14) At zero output current, the output may contain low frequency components which exceed the ripple specification. The output may be operated indefinitely with no load. (15) If reverse polarity is accidentally applied to the input, to ensure reverse input protection with full output load, always connect an external input fuse in series with the +Vin input. Use approximately twice the full input current rating with nominal input voltage. (16) Output accuracy is dependent on user-supplied trim resistors. To achieve high accuracy, use ±1% or better tolerance metal-film resistors mounted close to the converter. (7) The outputs are not intended to sink appreciable reverse current. (8) Output noise may be further reduced by adding an external filter. Logic circuits with low power voltages may have a small voltage margin between logic ZERO and logic ONE, requiring noise suppression. Use only as much output filtering as needed to achieve your noise requirements. Excessive output capacitance can retard transient response or possibly cause instability. Low ESR ceramic capacitors may degrade dynamic performance. Be sure to thoroughly test your system under full load with all components installed. www.murata-ps.com (17) Normally, the Sense lines are connected at the remote load to compensate for IR voltage drops in the power wiring and to improve dynamic response. If Sense is not used, each Sense pin should be connected at the converter to its respective Vout pin. CAUTION: This product is not internally fused. To comply with safety agency certifications and to avoid injury to personnel or equipment, the user must connect an external fast-blow fuse to the input terminals. Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 9 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters APPLICATION NOTES Input Fusing Certain applications and/or safety agencies may require fuses at the inputs of power conversion components. Fuses should also be used when there is the possibility of sustained input voltage reversal which is not current-limited. We recommend a time delay fuse installed in the ungrounded input supply line with a value which is approximately twice the maximum line current, calculated at the lowest input voltage. The installer must observe all relevant safety standards and regulations. For safety agency approvals, install the converter in compliance with the end-user safety standard, i.e. IEC/EN/UL 60950-1. Input Reverse-Polarity Protection If the input voltage polarity is reversed, an internal body diode will become forward biased and likely draw excessive current from the power source. If this source is not current-limited or the circuit appropriately fused, it could cause permanent damage to the converter. Please be sure to install a properlyrated external input fuse (see Specifications). Input Under-Voltage Shutdown and Start-Up Threshold Under normal start-up conditions, converters will not begin to regulate properly until the ramping-up input voltage exceeds and remains at the Start-Up Threshold Voltage (see Specifications). Once operating, converters will not turn off until the input voltage drops below the Under-Voltage Shutdown Limit. Subsequent restart will not occur until the input voltage rises again above the Start-Up Threshold. This built-in hysteresis prevents any unstable on/off operation at a single input voltage. Users should be aware however of input sources near the Under-Voltage Shutdown whose voltage decays as input current is consumed (such as capacitor inputs), the converter shuts off and then restarts as the external capacitor recharges. Such situations could oscillate. To prevent this, make sure the operating input voltage is well above the UV Shutdown voltage AT ALL TIMES. Start-Up Time Assuming that the output current is set at the rated maximum, the Vin to Vout Start-Up Time (see Specifications) is the time interval between the point when the ramping input voltage crosses the Start-Up Threshold and the fully loaded regulated output voltage enters and remains within its specified accuracy band. Actual measured times will vary with input source impedance, external input capacitance, input voltage slew rate and final value of the input voltage as it appears at the converter. These converters include a soft start circuit to moderate the duty cycle of its PWM controller at power up, thereby limiting the input inrush current. The On/Off Remote Control interval from On command to Vout regulated assumes that the converter already has its input voltage stabilized above the Start-Up Threshold before the On command. The interval is measured from the On command until the output enters and remains within its specified accuracy band. The specification assumes that the output is fully loaded at maximum rated current. Similar conditions apply to the On to Vout regulated specification such as external load capacitance and soft start circuitry. www.murata-ps.com Input Source Impedance These converters will operate to specifications without external components, assuming that the source voltage has very low impedance and reasonable input voltage regulation. Since real-world voltage sources have finite impedance, performance is improved by adding external filter components. Sometimes only a small ceramic capacitor is sufficient. Since it is difficult to totally characterize all applications, some experimentation may be needed. Note that external input capacitors must accept high speed switching currents. Because of the switching nature of DC/DC converters, the input of these converters must be driven from a source with both low AC impedance and adequate DC input regulation. Performance will degrade with increasing input inductance. Excessive input inductance may inhibit operation. The DC input regulation specifies that the input voltage, once operating, must never degrade below the Shut-Down Threshold under all load conditions. Be sure to use adequate trace sizes and mount components close to the converter. I/O Filtering, Input Ripple Current and Output Noise All models in this converter series are tested and specified for input reflected ripple current and output noise using designated external input/output components, circuits and layout as shown in the figures below. External input capacitors (Cin in the figure) serve primarily as energy storage elements, minimizing line voltage variations caused by transient IR drops in the input conductors. Users should select input capacitors for bulk capacitance (at appropriate frequencies), low ESR and high RMS ripple current ratings. In the figure below, the Cbus and Lbus components simulate a typical DC voltage bus. Your specific system configuration may require additional considerations. Please note that the values of Cin, Lbus and Cbus will vary according to the specific converter model. TO OSCILLOSCOPE VIN + – + – CURRENT PROBE 4 +INPUT LBUS CBUS CIN 1 −INPUT CIN = 33μF, ESR < 700mΩ @ 100kHz CBUS = 220μF, ESR < 100mΩ @ 100kHz LBUS = 12μH Figure 2. Measuring Input Ripple Current In critical applications, output ripple and noise (also referred to as periodic and random deviations or PARD) may be reduced by adding filter elements such as multiple external capacitors. Be sure to calculate component temperature rise from reflected AC current dissipated inside capacitor ESR. In the figure, the two copper strips simulate real-world printed circuit impedances between the power supply and its load. In order to minimize circuit errors and standardize tests between units, scope measurements should be made using BNC connectors or the probe ground should not exceed one half inch and soldered directly to the fixture. Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 10 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters +SENSE +OUTPUT 6 COPPER STRIP 5 C1 −OUTPUT −SENSE Note that the temperatures are of the ambient airflow, not the converter itself which is obviously running at higher temperature than the outside air. Also note that very low flow rates (below about 25 LFM) are similar to “natural convection,” that is, not using fan-forced airflow. C2 SCOPE RLOAD 9 8 COPPER STRIP C1 = 0.1μF CERAMIC C2 = 10μF TANTALUM LOAD 2-3 INCHES (51-76mm) FROM MODULE Figure 3. Measuring Output Ripple and Noise (PARD) Floating Outputs Since these are isolated DC/DC converters, their outputs are “floating” with respect to their input. The essential feature of such isolation is ideal ZERO CURRENT FLOW between input and output. Real-world converters however do exhibit tiny leakage currents between input and output (see Specifications). These leakages consist of both an AC stray capacitance coupling component and a DC leakage resistance. When using the isolation feature, do not allow the isolation voltage to exceed specifications. Otherwise the converter may be damaged. Designers will normally use the negative output (-Output) as the ground return of the load circuit. You can however use the positive output (+Output) as the ground return to effectively reverse the output polarity. Minimum Output Loading Requirements All models regulate within specification and are stable under no load to full load conditions. Operation under no load might however slightly increase output ripple and noise. Thermal Shutdown To prevent many over temperature problems and damage, these converters include thermal shutdown circuitry. If environmental conditions cause the temperature of the DC/DC’s to rise above the Operating Temperature Range up to the shutdown temperature, an on-board electronic temperature sensor will power down the unit. When the temperature decreases below the turn-on threshold, the converter will automatically restart. There is a small amount of hysteresis to prevent rapid on/off cycling. The temperature sensor is typically located adjacent to the switching controller, approximately in the center of the unit. See the Performance and Functional Specifications. CAUTION: If you operate too close to the thermal limits, the converter may shut down suddenly without warning. Be sure to thoroughly test your application to avoid unplanned thermal shutdown. Temperature Derating Curves The graphs in the next section illustrate typical operation under a variety of conditions. The Derating curves show the maximum continuous ambient air temperature and decreasing maximum output current which is acceptable under increasing forced airflow measured in Linear Feet per Minute (“LFM”). Note that these are AVERAGE measurements. The converter will accept brief increases in current or reduced airflow as long as the average is not exceeded. www.murata-ps.com Murata Power Solutions makes Characterization measurements in a closed cycle wind tunnel with calibrated airflow. We use both thermocouples and an infrared camera system to observe thermal performance. As a practical matter, it is quite difficult to insert an anemometer to precisely measure airflow in most applications. Sometimes it is possible to estimate the effective airflow if you thoroughly understand the enclosure geometry, entry/exit orifice areas and the fan flowrate specifications. CAUTION: If you routinely or accidentally exceed these Derating guidelines, the converter may have an unplanned Over Temperature shut down. Also, these graphs are all collected at slightly above Sea Level altitude. Be sure to reduce the derating for higher density altitude. Output Overvoltage Protection This converter monitors its output voltage for an over-voltage condition. If the output exceeds OVP limits, the sensing circuit will power down the unit, and the output voltage will decrease. After a time-out period, the PWM will automatically attempt to restart, causing the output voltage to ramp up to its rated value. It is not necessary to power down and reset the converter for the automatic OVP-recovery restart. If the fault condition persists and the output voltage climbs to excessive levels, the OVP circuitry will initiate another shutdown cycle. This on/off cycling is referred to as “hiccup” mode. It safely tests full current rated output voltage without damaging the converter. Output Fusing The converter is extensively protected against current, voltage and temperature extremes. However your output application circuit may need additional protection. In the extremely unlikely event of output circuit failure, excessive voltage could be applied to your circuit. Consider using an appropriate fuse in series with the output. Output Current Limiting As soon as the output current increases to approximately 125% to 150% of its maximum rated value, the DC/DC converter will enter a current-limiting mode. The output voltage will decrease proportionally with increases in output current, thereby maintaining a somewhat constant power output. This is also commonly referred to as power limiting. Current limiting inception is defined as the point at which full power falls below the rated tolerance. See the Performance/Functional Specifications. Note particularly that the output current may briefly rise above its rated value in normal operation as long as the average output power is not exceeded. This enhances reliability and continued operation of your application. If the output current is too high, the converter will enter the short circuit condition. Output Short Circuit Condition When a converter is in current-limit mode, the output voltage will drop as the output current demand increases. If the output voltage drops too low (approximately 98% of nominal output voltage for most models), the magnetically Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 11 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters coupled voltage used to develop primary side voltages will also drop, thereby shutting down the PWM controller. Following a time-out period, the PWM will restart, causing the output voltage to begin ramping up to its appropriate value. If the short-circuit condition persists, another shutdown cycle will initiate. This rapid on/off cycling is called “hiccup mode”. The hiccup cycling reduces the average output current, thereby preventing excessive internal temperatures and/or component damage. A short circuit can be tolerated indefinitely. The “hiccup” system differs from older latching short circuit systems because you do not have to power down the converter to make it restart. The system will automatically restore operation as soon as the short circuit condition is removed. 1 Note: The Sense input and power Vout lines are internally connected through low value resistors to their respective polarities so that the converter can operate without external connection to the Sense. Nevertheless, if the Sense function is not used for remote regulation, the user should connect +Sense to +Vout and –Sense to –Vout at the converter pins. The remote Sense lines carry very little current. They are also capacitively coupled to the output lines and therefore are in the feedback control loop to regulate and stabilize the output. As such, they are not low impedance inputs and must be treated with care in PC board layouts. Sense lines on the PCB should run adjacent to DC signals, preferably Ground. In cables and discrete wiring, use twisted pair, shielded tubing or similar techniques. Any long, distributed wiring and/or significant inductance introduced into the Sense control loop can adversely affect overall system stability. If in doubt, test your applications by observing the converter’s output transient response during step loads. There should not be any appreciable ringing or oscillation. You may also adjust the output trim slightly to compensate for voltage loss in any external filter elements. Do not exceed maximum power ratings. Please observe Sense inputs tolerance to avoid improper operation: [Vout(+) −Vout(-)] − [Sense(+) −Sense(-)] ≤ 10% of Vout +OUTPUT +SENSE 6 I OUT Sense Current 3 ON/OFF CONTROL TRIM 7 LOAD Sense Return −SENSE 4 Remote Sense Input Use the Sense inputs with caution. Sense is normally connected at the load. Sense inputs compensate for output voltage inaccuracy delivered at the load. This is done by correcting IR voltage drops along the output wiring and the current carrying capacity of PC board etch. This output drop (the difference between Sense and Vout when measured at the converter) should not be allowed to exceed 0.5V. Consider using heavier wire if this drop is excessive. Sense inputs also improve the stability of the converter and load system by optimizing the control loop phase margin. −INPUT Contact and PCB resistance losses due to IR drops 5 8 I OUT Return +INPUT -OUTPUT 9 Contact and PCB resistance losses due to IR drops Figure 4. Remote Sense Circuit Configuration Trimming the Output Voltage The Trim input to the converter allows the user to adjust the output voltage over the rated trim range (please refer to the Specifications). In the trim equations and circuit diagrams that follow, trim adjustments use either a trimpot or a single fixed resistor connected between the Trim input and either the +Sense or –Sense terminals. (On some converters, an external user-supplied precision DC voltage may also be used for trimming). Trimming resistors should have a low temperature coefficient (±100 ppm/deg.C or less) and be mounted close to the converter. Keep leads short. If the trim function is not used, leave the trim unconnected. With no trim, the converter will exhibit its specified output voltage accuracy. There are two CAUTIONs to be aware of for the Trim input: CAUTION: To avoid unplanned power down cycles, do not exceed EITHER the maximum output voltage OR the maximum output power when setting the trim. Be particularly careful with a trimpot. If the output voltage is excessive, the OVP circuit may inadvertantly shut down the converter. If the maximum power is exceeded, the converter may enter current limiting. If the power is exceeded for an extended period, the converter may overheat and encounter overtemperature shut down. CAUTION: Be careful of external electrical noise. The Trim input is a senstive input to the converter’s feedback control loop. Excessive electrical noise may cause instability or oscillation. Keep external connections short to the Trim input. Use shielding if needed. Also consider adding a small value ceramic capacitor between the Trim and –Vout to bypass RF and electrical noise. Output overvoltage protection is monitored at the output voltage pin, not the Sense pin. Therefore excessive voltage differences between Vout and Sense together with trim adjustment of the output can cause the overvoltage protection circuit to activate and shut down the output. Power derating of the converter is based on the combination of maximum output current and the highest output voltage. Therefore the designer must insure: (Vout at pins) x (Iout) ≤ (Max. rated output power) www.murata-ps.com Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 12 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters Trim Equations Trim Down Connect trim resistor between trim pin and −Sense RTrimDn (kΩ) = 1 − 2 ' Trim Up Connect trim resistor between trim pin and +Sense RTrimUp (kΩ) = VNOMINAL × (1 + ') − 1 − 2 ' 1.225 × ' Where, Where, ' VNOMINAL − VOUT VNOMINAL ' VOUT − VNOMINAL VNOMINAL VNOM is the nominal, untrimmed output voltage. VOUT is the desired new output voltage. Do not exceed the specified trim range or maximum power ratings when adjusting trim. Use 1% precision resistors mounted close to the converter on short leads. Trim Circuits +OUT +IN +SENSE ON/OFF TRIM LOAD –SENSE –IN –OUT Figure 5. Trim Connections Using A Trimpot +OUT +IN +IN +SENSE +OUT +SENSE RTRIM DOWN ON/OFF TRIM LOAD ON/OFF TRIM LOAD RTRIM UP –SENSE –IN –SENSE –IN –OUT Figure 6. Trim Connections to Increase Output Voltages www.murata-ps.com –OUT Figure 7. Trim Connections to Decrease Output Voltages Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 13 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters Remote On/Off Control On the input side, a remote On/Off Control can be ordered with either polarity. Positive: Standard models are enabled when the On/Off pin is left open or is pulled high to +Vin with respect to –Vin. An internal bias current causes the open pin to rise to approximately +15V. Some models will also turn on at lower intermediate voltages (see Specifications). Positive-polarity devices are disabled when the On/Off is grounded or brought to within a low voltage (see Specifications) with respect to –Vin. Negative: Optional negative-polarity devices are on (enabled) when the On/ Off is grounded or brought to within a low voltage (see Specifications) with respect to –Vin. The device is off (disabled) when the On/Off is left open or is pulled high to approximately +15V with respect to –Vin. Dynamic control of the On/Off function should be able to sink appropriate signal current when brought low and withstand appropriate voltage when brought high. Be aware too that there is a finite time in milliseconds (see Specifications) between the time of On/Off Control activation and stable, regulated output. This time will vary slightly with output load type and current and input conditions. www.murata-ps.com There are several CAUTIONs for the On/Off Control: CAUTION: While it is possible to control the On/Off with external logic if you carefully observe the voltage levels, the preferred circuit is either an open drain/open collector transistor, a switch or a relay (which can thereupon be controlled by logic) returned to negative Vin. CAUTION: Do not apply voltages to the On/Off pin when there is no input power voltage. Otherwise the converter may be permanently damaged. Output Capacitive Load These converters do not require external capacitance added to achieve rated specifications. Users should only consider adding capacitance to reduce switching noise and/or to handle spike current step loads. Install only enough capacitance to achieve noise objectives. Excess external capacitance may cause regulation problems, slower transient response and possible instability. Proper wiring of the Sense inputs will improve these factors under capacitive load. The maximum rated output capacitance and ESR specification is given for a capacitor installed immediately adjacent to the converter. Any extended output wiring or smaller wire gauge or less ground plane may tolerate somewhat higher capacitance. Also, capacitors with higher ESR may use a larger capacitance. Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 14 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters Typical Performance Curves UCH-1.8/40-D48 Maximum Current Temperature Derating (at sea level) No baseplate, VIN = 48V, airflow is from VIN to VOUT UCH-1.8/40-D48 Efficiency and Power Dissipation vs Line Voltage and Load Current @25˚C 95 12.1 90 11 85 9.9 8.8 VIN = 36V 7.7 75 6.6 VIN = 48V 5.5 65 Power Dissipation (VIN = 48V) 60 4.4 55 3.3 50 2.2 45 1.1 40 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 35 30 25 400 lfm 300 lfm 20 200 lfm 100 lfm 15 0 40 10 30 35 40 45 Load Current (Amps) 95 10 40 9 38 90 7 VIN = 36V 6 80 5 VIN = 48V Power Dissipation (VIN = 48V) VIN = 75V 4 3 70 Output Current (Amps) 85 Power Dissipation (Watts) Efficiency (%) 8 60 9 12 15 18 21 24 400 lfm 100 lfm 0 24 30 40 50 70 80 5 80 4 VIN = 36V 3 VIN = 24V VIN = 18V Power Dissipation (VIN = 24V) 70 2 65 1 7 8 9 10 Efficiency (%) UCH-3.3/10-D48 Maximum Current Temperature Derating vs Line Voltage and Load Current @25˚C Power Dissipation (Watts) Efficiency (%) 60 Ambient Temperature (°C) 85 6 85 200 lfm 27 6 5 80 300 lfm 26 90 4 75 30 1 UCH-3.3/10-D24 Efficiency and Power Dissipation vs Line Voltage and Load Current @25˚C 3 70 32 Load Current (Amps) 75 65 34 2 6 60 36 28 65 3 55 UCH-2.5/40-D48 Maximum Current Temperature Derating (at sea level) No baseplate, VIN = 48V, transverse airflow UCH-2.5/40-D48 Efficiency and Power Dissipation vs Line Voltage and Load Current @25˚C 75 50 Ambient Temperature (°C) 95 4 90 3.8 85 3.6 80 3.4 VIN = 75V VIN = 48V 75 3.2 VIN = 36V Power Dissipation (VIN = 48V) 70 Power Dissipation (Watts) VIN = 75V 70 Output Current (Amps) 40 Power Dissipation (Watts) Efficiency (%) 80 45 3.0 65 2.8 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Load Current (Amps) Load Current (Amps) www.murata-ps.com Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 15 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters Typical Performance Curves 95 10 90 9 8 Efficiency (%) 85 VIN = 75V 80 7 VIN = 48V 75 6 70 5 VIN = 36V 65 4 Power Dissipation (VIN = 48V) 60 Power Dissipation (Watts) UCH-3.3/15-D48 Efficiency and Power Dissipation vs Line Voltage and Load Current @25˚C 3 2 55 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Load Current (Amps) UCH-3.3/35-D24 Maximum Current Temperature Derating (at sea level) No baseplate, VIN = 24V, transverse airflow UCH-3.3/35-D24 Efficiency and Power Dissipation vs Line Voltage and Load Current @25˚C 95 40 18 36 12 85 10 VIN = 24V 8 80 VIN = 18V 6 Power Dissipation (VIN = 24V) 75 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 32 28 24 20 400 lfm 16 4 70 3 Output Current (Amps) 14 VIN = 36V Power Dissipation (Watts) 16 90 Efficiency (%) 20 300 lfm 200 lfm 2 12 0 8 33 100 lfm 30 40 Load Current (Amps) 31 10 9 30 90 7 VIN = 75V 6 80 5 VIN = 48V 4 Power Dissipation (VIN = 48V) 3 70 2 65 1 0 60 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 Load Current (Amps) Output Current (Amps) 85 Power Dissipation (Watts) Efficiency (%) 8 3 70 UCH-3.3/30-D48 Maximum Current Temperature Derating (at sea level) No baseplate, VIN = 48V, transverse airflow 95 VIN = 36V 60 Ambient Temperature (°C) UCH-3.3/30-D48 Efficiency and Power Dissipation vs Line Voltage and Load Current @25˚C 75 50 29 28 27 100 lfm 200 lfm 26 300 lfm 25 24 23 30 40 50 60 70 80 Ambient Temperature (°C) www.murata-ps.com Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 16 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters Typical Performance Curves UCH-5/20-D24 Maximum Current Temperature Derating (at sea level) No baseplate, VIN = 24V, transverse airflow UCH-5/20-D24 Efficiency and Power Dissipation vs Line Voltage and Load Current @25˚C 95 20 20 18 18 14 VIN = 36V 85 12 10 VIN = 24V 80 8 VIN = 18V 6 Power Dissipation (VIN = 24V) Output Current (Amps) 16 Power Dissipation (Watts) Efficiency (%) 90 4 75 16 14 100 lfm 200 lfm 300 lfm 400 lfm 12 2 0 70 3 6 9 12 15 10 30 18 40 50 Load Current (Amps) 30 90 16 26 VIN = 75V 12 85 VIN = 48V 8 80 VIN = 36V Power Dissipation (VIN = 48V) 75 70 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 Output Current (Amps) 20 Power Dissipation (Watts) Efficiency (%) 95 6 18 100 lfm 4 14 0 10 30 30 40 1.26 1.68 2.1 2.52 2.94 3.36 3.78 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4.2 50 60 70 80 4.5 4 Load Current (Amps) Output Current (Amps) VIN = 75V Power Dissipation (VIN = 48V) 0.84 400 lfm 300 lfm UCH-12/4.2-D48 Maximum Current Temperature Derating at sea level (VIN = 48V, airflow direction from VIN to VOUT, no baseplate) Power Dissipation (Watts) Efficiency (%) VIN = 48V 200 lfm Ambient Temperature (°C) UCH-12/4.2-D48 Efficiency and Power Dissipation vs Line Voltage and Load Current @25˚C VIN = 36V 80 22 Load Current (Amps) 93 91 89 87 85 83 81 79 77 75 73 71 69 67 65 0.42 70 UCH-5/30-D48 Maximum Current Temperature Derating (at sea level) No baseplate, VIN = 48V, transverse airflow UCH-5/30-D48 Efficiency and Power Dissipation vs Line Voltage and Load Current @25˚C 3 60 Ambient Temperature (°C) 3.5 Natural Convection 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 85 Ambient Temperature (°C) www.murata-ps.com Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 17 of 18 Single Output UCH Models Isolated, “Half-Brick” 1.8−15V Output DC/DC Converters Typical Performance Curves UCH-12/12.5-D48 Maximum Current Temperature Derating (at sea level) No baseplate, VIN = 48V, transverse airflow UCH-12/12.5-D48 Efficiency and Power Dissipation vs Line Voltage and Load Current @25˚C 12.5 20 95 18 11.5 14 12 80 VIN = 36V VIN = 48V VIN = 75V 10 75 8 Power Dissipation (VIN = 48V) 70 Output Current (Amps) Efficiency (%) 16 85 Power Dissipation (Watts) 90 19.5 9.5 8.5 100 lfm 300 lfm 400 lfm 7.5 6 6.5 30 4 65 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 40 Load Current (Amps) 60 70 80 UCH-15/6.7-D48 Maximum Current Temperature Derating (at sea level) No baseplate, VIN = 48V, transverse airflow 7 95 12 6 90 10 VIN = 75V 8 VIN = 48V 6 80 VIN = 36V Power Dissipation (VIN = 48V) 75 4 Output Current (Amps) 14 Power Dissipation (Watts) 100 85 50 Ambient Temperature (°C) UCH-15/6.7-D48 Efficiency and Power Dissipation vs Line Voltage and Load Current @25˚C Efficiency (%) 200 lfm 2 70 5 4 3 100 lfm 2 200 lfm 300 lfm 400 lfm 1 0 65 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0 6.5 30 40 50 60 70 80 Load Current (Amps) Ambient Temperature (°C) USA: Murata Power Solutions, Inc. 11 Cabot Boulevard, Mansfield, MA 02048-1151 U.S.A. Tel: (508) 339-3000 (800) 233-2765 Fax: (508) 339-6356 www.murata-ps.com email: [email protected] ISO 9001 and 14001 REGISTERED 02/19/09 Murata Power Solutions, Inc. makes no representation that the use of its products in the circuits described herein, or the use of other technical information contained herein, will not infringe upon existing or future patent rights. The descriptions contained herein do not imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment constructed in accordance therewith. Specifications are subject to change without notice. © 2008 Murata Power Solutions, Inc. www.murata-ps.com Mansfield (MA), Tel: (508) 339-3000, email: [email protected] Canada: Toronto, Tel: (866) 740-1232, email: [email protected] UK: Milton Keynes, Tel: +44 (0)1908 615232, email: [email protected] France: Montigny Le Bretonneux, Tel: +33 (0)1 34 60 01 01, email: [email protected] Germany: München, Tel: +49 (0)89-544334-0, email: [email protected] Japan: Tokyo, Tel: 3-3779-1031, email: [email protected] Osaka, Tel: 6-6354-2025, email: [email protected] China: Shanghai, Tel: +86 215 027 3678, email: [email protected] Guangzhou, Tel: +86 208 221 8066, email: [email protected] Singapore: Parkway Centre, Tel: +65 6348 9096, email: [email protected] Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000 MDC_UCH Models.A15 Page 18 of 18