MC34025, MC33025 High Speed Double−Ended PWM Controller The MC34025 series are high speed, fixed frequency, double−ended pulse width modulator controllers optimized for high frequency operation. They are specifically designed for Off−Line and DC−to−DC converter applications offering the designer a cost effective solution with minimal external components. These integrated circuits feature an oscillator, a temperature compensated reference, a wide bandwidth error amplifier, a high speed current sensing comparator, steering flip−flop, and dual high current totem pole outputs ideally suited for driving power MOSFETs. Also included are protective features consisting of input and reference undervoltage lockouts each with hysteresis, cycle−by−cycle current limiting, and a latch for single pulse metering. The flexibility of this series allows it to be easily configured for either current mode or voltage mode control. http://onsemi.com MARKING DIAGRAMS 16 PDIP−16 P SUFFIX CASE 648 16 1 1 16 Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 50 ns Propagation Delay to Outputs Dual High Current Totem Pole Outputs Wide Bandwidth Error Amplifier Fully−Latched Logic with Double Pulse Suppression Latching PWM for Cycle−By−Cycle Current Limiting Soft−Start Control with Latched Overcurrent Reset Input Undervoltage Lockout with Hysteresis Low Startup Current (500 mA Typ) Internally Trimmed Reference with Undervoltage Lockout 45% Maximum Duty Cycle (Externally Adjustable) Precision Trimmed Oscillator Voltage or Current Mode Operation to 1.0 MHz Functionally Similar to the UC3825 Pb−Free Packages are Available* 16 4 5 RT CT Ramp Error Amp 3 Output Noninverting 2 Input Inverting Input 1 x A WL YY WW G 14 Error Amp Output A Power 12 Ground Soft−Start 1 16 Vref 2 15 VCC 3 14 Output B Clock 4 13 VC RT 5 12 Power Ground CT 6 11 Output A Ramp 7 10 Soft−Start 8 9 Ground Current Limit/ Shutdown Current Limit/ Shutdown ORDERING INFORMATION See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 18 of this data sheet. *For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D. 10 Ground This device contains 227 active transistors. Figure 1. Simplified Application October, 2005 − Rev. 7 Error Amp Inverting Input Error Amp Noninverting Input Error Amp Output (Top View) 11 9 © Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2005 VC Output B Latching PWM and Steering Flip Flop = 3 or 4 = Assembly Location = Wafer Lot = Year = Work Week = Pb−Free Package PIN CONNECTIONS 13 8 Soft−Start 1 UVLO 6 7 MC3x025DW AWLYYWWG 1 VCC Oscillator SO−16WB DW SUFFIX CASE 751G 16 15 5.1V Reference Vref Clock MC3x025P AWLYYWWG 1 Publication Order Number: MC34025/D MC34025, MC33025 MAXIMUM RATINGS Rating Symbol Value Unit Power Supply Voltage VCC 30 V Output Driver Supply Voltage VC 25 V Output Current, Source or Sink (Note 1) DC Pulsed (0.5 ms) IO Current Sense, Soft−Start, Ramp, and Error Amp Inputs Vin −0.3 to +7.0 V Error Amp Output and Soft−Start Sink Current IO 10 mA Clock and RT Output Current ICO 5.0 mA Power Dissipation and Thermal Characteristics SO−16 Package (Case 751G) Maximum Power Dissipation @ TA = + 25°C Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Air DIP Package (Case 648) Maximum Power Dissipation @ TA = + 25°C Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Air PD RqJA 862 145 mW °C/W PD RqJA 1.25 100 W °C/W Operating Junction Temperature TJ +150 °C Operating Ambient Temperature (Note 2) MC34025 MC33025 TA 0 to +70 −40 to +105 Storage Temperature Range Tstg −55 to +150 A 0.5 2.0 °C °C Maximum ratings are those values beyond which device damage can occur. Maximum ratings applied to the device are individual stress limit values (not normal operating conditions) and are not valid simultaneously. If these limits are exceeded, device functional operation is not implied, damage may occur and reliability may be affected. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 15 V, RT = 3.65 kW, CT = 1.0 nF, for typical values TA = + 25°C, for min/max values TA is the operating ambient temperature range that applies [Note 2], unless otherwise noted.) Characteristic Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Vref 5.05 5.1 5.15 V Line Regulation (VCC = 10 V to 30 V) Regline − 2.0 15 mV Load Regulation (IO = 1.0 mA to 10 mA) REFERENCE SECTION Reference Output Voltage (IO = 1.0 mA, TJ = + 25°C) Regload − 2.0 15 mV Temperature Stability TS − 0.2 − mV/°C Total Output Variation over Line, Load, and Temperature Vref 4.95 − 5.25 V Output Noise Voltage (f = 10 Hz to 10 kHz, TJ = + 25°C) Vn − 50 − mV Long Term Stability (TA = +125°C for 1000 Hours) S − 5.0 − mV ISC −30 −65 −100 mA fosc 380 370 400 400 420 430 Frequency Change with Voltage (VCC = 10 V to 30 V) Dfosc/DV − 0.2 1.0 % Frequency Change with Temperature (TA = Tlow to Thigh) Dfosc/DT − 2.0 − % Sawtooth Peak Voltage VP 2.6 2.8 3.0 V Sawtooth Valley Voltage VV 0.7 1.0 1.25 V VOH VOL 3.9 − 4.5 2.3 − 2.9 Output Short Circuit Current OSCILLATOR SECTION kHz Frequency TJ = + 25°C Line (VCC = 10 V to 30 V) and Temperature (TA = Tlow to Thigh) Clock Output Voltage High State Low State V 1. Maximum package power dissipation limits must be observed. 2. Low duty cycle pulse techniques are used during test to maintain junction temperature as close to ambient as possible. Tlow = 0°C for MC34025 Thigh = +70°C for MC34025 Tlow = − 40°C for MC33025 Thigh = +105°C for MC33025 http://onsemi.com 2 MC34025, MC33025 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 15 V, RT = 3.65 kW, CT = 1.0 nF, for typical values TA = + 25°C, for min/max values TA is the operating ambient temperature range that applies [Note 4], unless otherwise noted.) Characteristic Symbol Min Input Offset Voltage VIO − Input Bias Current IIB − Typ Max Unit − 15 mV 0.6 3.0 mA ERROR AMPLIFIER SECTION Input Offset Current Open−Loop Voltage Gain (VO = 1.0 V to 4.0 V) Gain Bandwidth Product (TJ = + 25°C) Common Mode Rejection Ratio (VCM = 1.5 V to 5.5 V) IIO − 0.1 1.0 mA AVOL 60 95 − dB GBW 4.0 8.3 − MHz CMRR 75 95 − dB Power Supply Rejection Ratio (VCC = 10 V to 30 V) PSRR 85 110 − dB Output Current, ISource ISink 0.5 1.0 3.0 3.6 − − mA VOH VOL 4.5 0 4.75 0.4 5.0 1.0 V SR 6.0 12 − V/ms Output Voltage Swing, Source (VO = 4.0 V) Sink (VO = 1.0 V) High State (IO = − 0.5 mA) Low State (IO = 1.0 mA) Slew Rate PWM COMPARATOR SECTION Ramp Input Bias Current Duty Cycle of Each Output, Maximum Minimum Zero Duty Cycle Threshold Voltage Pin 3(4) (Pin 7(9) = 0 V) Propagation Delay (Ramp Input to Output, TJ = + 25°C) IIB − −0.5 −5.0 mA DC(max) DC(min) 40 − 45 − − 0 % Vth 1.1 1.25 1.4 V tPLH(in/out) − 60 100 ns Ichg 3.0 9.0 20 mA Idischg 1.0 4.0 − mA SOFT−START SECTION Charge Current (VSoft−Start = 0.5 V) Discharge Current (VSoft−Start = 1.5 V) CURRENT SENSE SECTION Input Bias Current (Pin 9(12) = 0 V to 4.0 V) IIB − − 15 mA Current Limit Comparator Threshold Shutdown Comparator Threshold Vth Vth 0.9 1.25 1.0 1.40 1.10 1.55 V tPLH(in/out) − 50 80 ns VOL − − 13 12 0.25 1.2 13.5 13 0.4 2.2 − − Propagation Delay (Current Limit/Shutdown to Output, TJ = + 25°C) OUTPUT SECTION Output Voltage Low State V (ISink = 20 mA) (ISink = 200 mA) (ISource = 20 mA) (ISource = 200 mA) High State Output Voltage with UVLO Activated (VCC = 6.0 V, ISink = 0.5 mA) VOH VOL(UVLO) − 0.25 1.0 V Output Leakage Current (VC = 20 V) IL − 100 500 mA Output Voltage Rise Time (CL = 1.0 nF, TJ = + 25°C) tr − 30 60 ns Output Voltage Fall Time (CL = 1.0 nF, TJ = + 25°C) tf − 30 60 ns Vth(on) 8.8 9.2 9.6 V VH 0.4 0.8 1.2 V − − 0.5 25 1.2 35 UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT SECTION Startup Threshold (VCC Increasing) UVLO Hysteresis Voltage (VCC Decreasing After Turn−On) TOTAL DEVICE Power Supply Current ICC Startup (VCC = 8.0 V) Operating mA 3. Maximum package power dissipation limits must be observed. 4. Low duty cycle pulse techniques are used during test to maintain junction temperature as close to ambient as possible. Tlow = 0°C for MC34025 Thigh = +70°C for MC34025 Tlow = − 40°C for MC33025 Thigh = +105°C for MC33025 http://onsemi.com 3 MC34025, MC33025 100 k 3 2 10 k 1.0 k 470 100 5 4 7 6 9 1200 VCC = 15 V TA = + 25°C f osc , OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz) R T , TIMING RESISTOR (Ω ) 1 1000 8 CT= 1. 100 nF 2. 47 nF 3. 22 nF 4. 10 nF 5. 4.7 nF 6. 2.2 nF 7. 1.0 nF 8. 470 pF 9. 220 pF 1000 104 105 106 fosc, OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (Hz) RT = 1.2 k CT = 1.0 nF 400 kHz RT = 3.6 k CT = 1.0 nF 50 kHz RT = 36 k CT = 1.0 nF 800 VCC = 15 V 600 400 200 0 −55 107 Figure 2. Timing Resistor versus Oscillator Frequency −25 0 25 50 75 TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 Figure 3. Oscillator Frequency versus Temperature 120 1.3 0 V th, ZERO DUTY CYCLE (V) 100 45 Gain 60 Phase 40 90 20 , EXCESS PHASE (°C) 1.28 80 θ A VOL , OPEN LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 1.0 MHz 0 −20 10 135 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k f, FREQUENCY (Hz) 1.0 M VCC = 15 V Pin 7(9) = 0 V 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.2 −55 10 M Figure 4. Error Amp Open Loop Gain and Phase versus Frequency −25 0 25 50 75 TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 Figure 5. PWM Comparator Zero Duty Cycle Threshold Voltage versus Temperature 2.55 V 3.0 V 2.5 V 2.5 V 2.45 V 2.0 V 0.1 ms/DIV 0.1 ms/DIV Figure 6. Error Amp Small Signal Transient Response Figure 7. Error Amp Large Signal Transient Response http://onsemi.com 4 125 0 I SC, REFERENCE SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (mA) Vref , REFERENCE VOLTAGE CHANGE (mV) MC34025, MC33025 −5.0 VCC = 15 V TA = − 55°C −10 TA = +125°C TA = + 25°C −15 −20 −25 −30 10 0 20 30 40 ISource, SOURCE CURRENT (mA) 50 66 65.6 VCC = 15 V 65.2 64.8 64.4 64 −55 100 125 2.0 mV/DIV Vref LINE REGULATION 10 V − 24 V 2.0 ms/DIV Vref LINE REGULATION 1.0 mA − 10 mA 2.0 ms/DIV Figure 11. Reference Load Regulation Vth , SHUTDOWN THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V) Figure 10. Reference Line Regulation Δ Vth(CL), CURRENT LIMIT THRESHOLD CHANGE (mV) 0 25 50 75 TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 9. Reference Short Circuit Current versus Temperature 2.0 mV/DIV Figure 8. Reference Voltage Change versus Source Current − 25 4.0 2.0 0 − 2.0 − 4.0 − 6.0 − 8.0 −10 −12 − 50 − 25 0 25 50 75 TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 1.50 1.46 VCC = 15 V 1.42 1.38 1.34 1.30 −55 Figure 12. Current Limit Comparator Threshold Change versus Temperature −25 0 25 50 75 TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 Figure 13. Shutdown Comparator Threshold Voltage versus Temperature http://onsemi.com 5 125 9.5 Vsat, OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE (V) 10 VCC = 15 V 9.0 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 −55 −25 0 25 50 75 TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 0 VCC −1.0 2.0 1.0 Ground 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 IO, OUTPUT LOAD CURRENT (A) OUTPUT RISE & FALL TIME 10.0 nF LOAD 50 ns/DIV Figure 16. Drive Output Rise and Fall Time Figure 17. Drive Output Rise and Fall Time 30 RT = 3.65 kW CT = 1.0 nF 20 VCC Increasing 15 VCC Decreasing 10 5.0 0 0 Sink Saturation (Load to VCC) Figure 15. Output Saturation Voltage versus Load Current OUTPUT RISE & FALL TIME 1.0 nF LOAD 50 ns/DIV 25 Source Saturation (Load to Ground) VCC = 15 V 80 ms Pulsed Load −2.0 120 Hz Rate TA = + 25°C Figure 14. Soft−Start Charge Current versus Temperature I CC, SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) I chg , SOFT-START CHARGE CURRENT (μ A) MC34025, MC33025 4.0 8.0 12 VCC, SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 16 20 Figure 18. Supply Voltage versus Supply Current http://onsemi.com 6 1.0 MC34025, MC33025 VCC 16 Vref 15 Reference Regulator 4 Clock 4.2 V 5 Oscillator RT 6 CT Ramp 7 VC 14 Output B R T Q S Error Amp Output 3 2 13 9.2 V Vref UVLO PWM 1.25 V Comparator VCC VCC UVLO Error Amp PWM Latch Q Q Steering Flip Flop 11 Output A 12 Power Ground + Noninverting Input Inverting Input 1 Current Limit 9.0 mA 1.0 V 8 9 Soft−Start CSS R 0.5 V Q S Current Limit/ Shutdown Shutdown Soft−Start Latch 10 1.4 V Ground Figure 19. Representative Block Diagram CT Clock Soft−Start Error Amp Output Ramp PWM Comparator Output A Output B Figure 20. Current Limit Operating Waveforms http://onsemi.com 7 Vin MC34025, MC33025 OPERATING DESCRIPTION Soft−Start Latch The MC33025 and MC34025 series are high speed, fixed frequency, double−ended pulse width modulator controllers optimized for high frequency operation. They are specifically designed for Off−Line and DC−to−DC converter applications offering the designer a cost effective solution with minimal external components. A representative block diagram is shown in Figure 19. Soft−Start is accomplished in conjunction with an external capacitor. The soft start capacitor is charged by an internal 9.0 mA current source. This capacitor clamps the output of the error amplifier to less than its normal output voltage, thus limiting the duty cycle. The time it takes for a capacitor to reach full charge is given by: Oscillator t [ (4.5 • 10 5) C Soft-Start The oscillator frequency is programmed by the values selected for the timing components RT and CT. The RT pin is set to a temperature compensated 3.0 V. By selecting the value of RT, the charge current is set through a current mirror for the timing capacitor CT. This charge current runs continuously through CT. The discharge current ratio is to be 10 times the charge current, which yields the maximum duty cycle of 90%. CT is charged to 2.8 V and discharged to 1.0 V. During the discharge of CT, the oscillator generates an internal blanking pulse that resets the PWM Latch, inhibits the outputs, and toggles the steering flip−flop. The threshold voltages on the oscillator comparator is trimmed to guarantee an oscillator accuracy of 5.0% at 25°C. Additional dead time can be added by externally increasing the charge current to CT as shown in Figure 24. This changes the charge to discharge ratio of CT which is set internally to Icharge/10 Icharge. The new charge to discharge ratio will be: % Deadtime + A Soft−Start latch is incorporated to prevent erratic operation of this circuitry. Two conditions can cause the Soft−Start circuit to latch so that the Soft−Start capacitor stays discharged. The first condition is activation of an undervoltage lockout of either VCC or Vref. The second condition is when current sense input exceeds 1.4 V. Since this latch is “set dominant”, it cannot be reset until either of these signals is removed, and the voltage at CSoft−Start is less than 0.5 V. PWM Comparator and Latch A PWM circuit typically compares an error voltage with a ramp signal. The outcome of this comparison determines the state of the output. In voltage mode operation the ramp signal is the voltage ramp of the timing capacitor. In current mode operation the ramp signal is the voltage ramp induced in a current sensing element. The ramp input of the PWM comparator is pinned out so that the user can decide which mode of operation best suits the application requirements. The ramp input has a 1.25 V offset such that whenever the voltage at this pin exceeds the Error Amplifier Output voltage minus 1.25 V, the PWM comparator will cause the PWM latch to set, disabling the outputs. Once the PWM latch is set, only a blanking pulse by the oscillator can reset it, thus initiating the next cycle. A toggle flip flop connected to the output of the PWM latch controls which output is active. The flip flop is pulsed by an OR gate that gets its inputs from the oscillator clock and the output of the PWM latch. A pulse from either one will cause the flip flop to enable the other output. I additional ) I charge 10 (I charge) A bidirectional clock pin is provided for synchronization or for master/slave operation. As a master, the clock pin provides a positive output pulse during the discharge of CT. As a slave, the clock pin is an input that resets the PWM latch and blanks the drive output, but does not discharge CT. Therefore, the oscillator is not synchronized by driving the clock pin alone. Figures 30 and 31 provide suggested synchronization. Error Amplifier A fully compensated Error Amplifier is provided. It features a typical DC voltage gain of 95 dB and a gain bandwidth product of 8.3 MHz with 75 degrees of phase margin (Figure 4). Typical application circuits will have the noninverting input tied to the reference. The inverting input will typically be connected to a feedback voltage generated from the output of the switching power supply. Both inputs have a Common Mode Voltage (VCM) input range of 1.5 V to 5.5 V. The Error Amplifier Output is provided for external loop compensation. Current Limiting and Shutdown A pin is provided to perform current limiting and shutdown operations. Two comparators are connected to the input of this pin. When the voltage at this pin exceeds 1.0 V, one of the comparators is activated. The output of this comparator sets the PWM latch, which disables the output. In this way cycle−by−cycle current limiting is accomplished. If a current limit resistor is used in series with the power devices, the value of the resistor is found by: R Sense + http://onsemi.com 8 1.0 V I pk (switch) MC34025, MC33025 If the voltage at this pin exceeds 1.4 V, the second comparator is activated. This comparator sets a latch which, in turn, causes the Soft−Start capacitor to be discharged. In this way a “hiccup” mode of recovery is possible in the case of output short circuits. If a current limit resistor is used in series with the output devices, the peak current at which the controller will enter a “hiccup” mode is given by: I shutdown + paths back to the input filter capacitor. All bypass capacitors and snubbers should be connected as close as possible to the specific part in question. The PC board lead lengths must be less than 0.5 inches for effective bypassing or snubbing. Instabilities In current mode control, an instability can be encountered at any given duty cycle. The instability is caused by the current feedback loop. It has been shown that the instability is caused by a double pole at half the switching frequency. If an external ramp (Se) is added to the on−time ramp (Sn) of the current−sense waveform, stability can be achieved (see Figure 21). One must be careful not to add too much ramp compensation. If too much is added, the system will start to perform like a voltage mode regulator. All benefits of current mode control will be lost. Figures 29A and 29B show examples of two different ways in which external ramp compensation can be implemented. 1.4 V R Sense Undervoltage Lockout There are two undervoltage lockout circuits within the IC. The first senses VCC and the second Vref. During power−up, VCC must exceed 9.2 V and Vref must exceed 4.2 V before the outputs can be enabled and the Soft−Start latch released. If VCC falls below 8.4 V or Vref falls below 3.6 V, the outputs are disabled and the Soft−Start latch is activated. When the UVLO is active, the part is in a low current standby mode allowing the IC to have an off−line bootstrap startup circuit. Typical startup current is 500 mA. Ramp Input Output Ramp Compensation Se The MC34025 has two high current totem pole outputs specifically designed for direct drive of power MOSFETs. They are capable of up to ±2.0 A peak drive current with a typical rise and fall time of 30 ns driving a 1.0 nF load. Separate pins for VC and Power Ground are provided. With proper implementation, a significant reduction of switching transient noise imposed on the control circuitry is possible. The separate VC supply input also allows the designer added flexibility in tailoring the drive voltage independent of VCC. 1.25 V ++ Current Signal Sn Figure 21. Ramp Compensation A simple equation can be used to calculate the amount of external ramp necessary to add that will achieve stability in the current loop. For the following equations, the calculated values for the application circuit in Figure 37 are also shown. Reference A 5.1 V bandgap reference is pinned out and is trimmed to an initial accuracy of ±1.0% at 25°C. This reference has short circuit protection and can source in excess of 10 mA for powering additional control system circuitry. Se + where: Design Considerations Do not attempt to construct the converter on wire−wrap or plug−in prototype boards. With high frequency, high power, switching power supplies it is imperative to have separate current loops for the signal paths and for the power paths. The printed circuit layout should contain a ground plane with low current signal and high current switch and output grounds returning on separate VO = NP, NS = = Ai = = L= RS = VO L ǒ Ǔ NS NP (R S)A i DC output voltage number of power transformer primary or secondary turns gain of the current sense network (see Figures 26, 27 and 28) output inductor current sense resistance For the application circuit: S e + ǒ Ǔ 5 4 (0.3)(0.55) 1.8 μ 16 + 0.115 Vńμs http://onsemi.com 9 MC34025, MC33025 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION Pin No. DIP/SOIC Function 1 Error Amp Inverting Input This pin is usually used for feedback from the output of the power supply. 2 Error Amp Noninverting Input This pin is used to provide a reference in which an error signal can be produced on the output of the error amp. Usually this is connected to Vref, however an external reference can also be used. 3 Error Amp Output This pin is provided for compensating the error amp for poles and zeros encountered in the power supply system, mostly the output LC filter. 4 Clock This is a bidirectional pin used for synchronization. 5 RT The value of RT sets the charge current through timing Capacitor, CT. 6 CT In conjunction with RT, the timing Capacitor sets the switching frequency. Because this part is a push−pull output, each output runs at one−half the frequency set at this pin. 7 Ramp Input For voltage mode operation this pin is connected to CT. For current mode operation this pin is connected through a filter to the current sensing element. 8 Soft−Start A capacitor at this pin sets the Soft−Start time. 9 Current Limit/Shutdown This pin has two functions. First, it provides cycle−by−cycle current limiting. Second, if the current is excessive, this pin will reinitiate a Soft−Start cycle. 10 Ground This pin is the ground for the control circuitry. 11 Output A This is a high current totem pole output. 12 Power Ground This is a separate power ground return that is connected back to the power source. It is used to reduce the effects of switching transient noise on the control circuitry. 13 VC This is a separate power source connection for the outputs that is connected back to the power source input. With a separate power source connection, it can reduce the effects of switching transient noise on the control circuitry. 14 Output B This is a high current totem pole output. 15 VCC This pin is the positive supply of the control IC. 16 Vref This is a 5.1 V reference. It is usually connected to the noninverting input of the error amplifier. Description 4 4 5 5 Oscillator Oscillator 6 CT 7 CT From Current Sense Element 1.25 V 7 3 1 Output Voltage Feedback Input Vref 6 1.25 V 3 1 Output Voltage Feedback Input 2 In voltage mode operation, the control range on the output of the Error Amplifier from 0% to 90% duty cycle is from 2.25 V to 4.05 V. Vref 2 In current mode control, an RC filter should be placed at the ramp input to filter the leading edge spike caused by turn−on of a power MOSFET. Figure 22. Voltage Mode Operation Figure 23. Current Mode Operation http://onsemi.com 10 MC34025, MC33025 5.0 V 0V Vref 4 RDT 4 5 5 RT Oscillator 6 RT Oscillator 6 CT CT Additional dead time can be added by the addition of a dead time resistor from Vref to CT. See text on oscillator section for more information. The sync pulse fed into the clock pin must be at least 3.9 V. RT and CT need to be set 10% slower than the sync frequency. This circuit is also used in voltage mode operation for master/slave operation. The clock signal would be coming from the master which is set at the desired operating frequency, while the slave is set 10% slower. Figure 24. Dead Time Addition Figure 25. External Clock Synchronization 9 ISense The addition of an RC filter will eliminate instability caused by the leading edge spike on the current waveform. This sense signal can also be used at the ramp input pin for current mode control. For ramp compensation it is necessary to know the gain of the current feedback loop. If a transformer is used, the gain can be calculated by: Ai + R Sense turns ratio Figure 26. Resistive Current Sensing 9 9 Rw ISense Rw Figure 27. Primary Side Current Sensing 0 ISense Figure 28. Primary or Secondary Side Current Sensing The addition of an RC filter will eliminate instability caused by the leading edge spike on the current waveform. This sense signal can also be used at the ramp input pin for current mode control. For ramp compensation it is necessary to know the gain of the current feedback loop. The gain can be calculated by: Ai + Rw turns ratio http://onsemi.com 11 MC34025, MC33025 4 5 Oscillator 6 CT Current Sense Information C1 R1 R2 7 1.25 V 3 This method of slope compensation is easy to implement, however, it is noise sensitive. Capacitor C1 provides AC coupling. The oscillator signal is added to the current signal by a voltage divider consisting of resistors R1 and R2. Figure 29A. Slope Compensation (Noise Sensitive) Current Sense Transformer Rw Output RM CM Ramp Input RM Ramp Input Rf 7 Cf Output Figure 29. Keeps Fig numbering sequence correct 7 CM 1.25 V Current Sense Resistor 3 Rf 1.25 V 3 Cf When only one output is used, this method of slope compensation can be used and it is relatively noise immune. Resistor RM and capacitor CM provide the added slope necessary. By choosing RM and CM with a larger time constant than the switching frequency, you can assume that its charge is linear. First choose CM, then RM can be adjusted to achieve the required slope. The diode provides a reset pulse at the ramp input at the end of every cycle. The charge current IM can be calculated by IM = CMSe. Then RM can be calculated by RM = VCC/IM. Figure 29B. Slope Compensation (Noise Immune) 4 4 Vref 5 Oscillator 6 5 6 CT Oscillator RT Figure 30. Current Mode Master/Slave Operation Over Short Distances http://onsemi.com 12 MC34025, MC33025 Synchronizes Both Converters to the Same Phase 10 k Synchronizes Both Converters to the Same Operating Frequency 4.7 k 20 +15 V +15 V 4.7 k 1.0 k 3.0 k MMBT3906 15 2 13 4700 16 4 2200 15 13 MMBT3904 430 3 2 10 k 11 3 MMBD914 FB 16 4 Output A FB 14 1 1 11 MC34025 MC34025 Output B Output A 14 22 k 6 470 pF 5 8 5 7 9 8 21 Output B 12 10 30 k 6 470 pF 680 pF 562 7 680 pF 562 100 k From Curr Sense MMBT3904 100 MC34071 Provides Leading Edge Blanking 3320 1.0 k 1.0 k From Curr Sense Provides Current Sense Amplification & Eliminates Leading Edge Spike Figure 31. Synchronization Over Long Distances http://onsemi.com 13 9 12 10 MC34025, MC33025 IB 1 + 2 + R1 R2 VC 0 Vref Base Charge Removal − 8 Vin 15 14 CSS Q T Q 11 In voltage mode operation, the maximum duty cycle can be clamped. By the addition of a PNP transistor to buffer the clamp voltage, the Soft−Start current is not affected by R1. The new equation for Soft−Start is t[ V clamp ) 0.6 9.0 μA 12 ǒCSSǓ In current mode operation, this circuit will limit the maximum voltage allowed at the ramp input to end a cycle. To Current Sense Input RS The totem pole output can furnish negative base current for enhanced transistor turn−off, with the addition of the capacitor in series with the base. Figure 32. Buffered Maximum Clamp Level Figure 33. Bipolar Transistor Drive VC VC 15 15 Isolation Boundary 14 14 Q T Q T Q VC Q 11 11 12 12 Figure 34. Isolated MOSFET Drive Figure 35. Direct Transformer Drive The totem pole output can easily drive pulse transformers. A Schottky diode is recommended when driving inductive loads at high frequencies. The diode can reduce the driver’s power dissipation due to excessive ringing, by preventing the output pin from being driven below ground. VC Vin 15 14 A series gate resistor may be needed to damp high frequency parasitic oscillation caused by a MOSFET’s input capacitance and any series wiring inductance in the gate−source circuit. The series resistor will also decrease the MOSFET’s switching speed. A Schottky diode can reduce the driver’s power dissipation due to excessive ringing, by preventing the output pin from being driven below ground. The Schottky diode also prevents substrate injection when the output pin is driven below ground. Q T Q 11 12 To Current Sense Input RS Figure 36. MOSFET Parasitic Oscillations http://onsemi.com 14 http://onsemi.com 15 8 0.01 47 k 2 1 Error Amp 1.25 V Oscillator Q S R 9.0 μA 4.0 V Q 10 0.5 V PWM Latch S R L2 − 7 turns #18 AWG, 1/2” diameter air core Coilcraft P3271−A L1 − 2 turns #48 AWG (1300 strands litz wire) Core: Philips 3F3, part #EP10−3F3 Bobbin: Philips part #EP10PCB1−8 L = 1.8 μH Coilcraft P3270−A T Q Q 9.2 V Shutdown Current Limit 9 V in = 48 V, IO = 15 A V in = 48 V, IO = 15 A Output Ripple Efficiency V in = 48 V, IO = 8.0 V to 15 A 1 − 10 (1.0 μ F) ceramic capacitors in parallel 2 − 5 (1.5 Ω ) resistors in parallel 3 − 2 (1.0 μ F) cearmic capacitors in parallel Result 22 1500 pF L1 10 μ F 1 MBR2535CTL 1.8 μ H 71.2% 50 mVp−p 54 mV = ± 1.0% 14 mV = ± 0.275% 1N5819 Load Regulation Condition 220 pF 100 0.3 Ω 2 IRF640 50 1600 pF T1 22 1500 pF 100 1N5819 36 V to 56 V V in = 40 V to 56 V, IO = 15 A 47 100 1N5819 4.7 1N5819 4.7 10 10 4.7 V in Line Regulation Test 1.4 V 1.0 V 12 11 14 13 15 Insulators − All power devices are insulated with Berquist Sil−Pad 1500 T1 − Primary: 16 turns center tapped #48 AWG (1300 strands litz wire) Secondary: 4 turns center tapped 0.003” (2 layers) copper foil Bootstrap: 1 turn added to each secondary output #36 AWG Core: Philips 3F3, part #4312 020 4124 Bobbin: Philips part #4322 021 3525 Coilcraft P3269−A 0.015 μ F 3 7 6 5 4 Reference Regulator Heatsinks − Power FET: AAVID Heatsink #533902B02554 with clip Output Rectifiers: AAVID Heatsink #533402B02552 with clip 2.0 k 0.01 22 k 1000 pF 1.2 k 1.0 16 47 47 k 2.0 μF 3 L2 900 nH VO 5.0 V MC34025, MC33025 Figure 37. Application Circuit MC34025, MC33025 4.7 μ H MBR 2535CTI 1N5819 1N5819 1500 pF 1 + 4.0″ 100 pF 100 pF 1N5819 + 10 1000 pF 0.01 1N5819 0.01 MBR 2535CTI 2200 pF 1500 pF 1 1 6.5″ (Top View) Figure 38. PC Board With Components http://onsemi.com 16 MC34025, MC33025 (Top View) 4.0″ 6.5″ (Bottom View) Figure 39. PC Board Without Components http://onsemi.com 17 MC34025, MC33025 ORDERING INFORMATION Package Shipping † MC33025DW SOIC−16WB 47 Units / Rail MC33025DWG SOIC−16WB (Pb−Free) 47 Units / Rail MC33025DWR2 SOIC−16WB 1000 Units / Tape & Reel MC33025DWR2G SOIC−16WB (Pb−Free) 1000 Units / Tape & Reel MC33025P PDIP−16 25 Units / Rail MC33025PG PDIP−16 (Pb−Free) 25 Units / Rail MC34025DW SOIC−16WB 47 Units / Rail MC34025DWG SOIC−16WB (Pb−Free) 47 Units / Rail MC34025DWR2 SOIC−16WB 1000 Units / Tape & Reel MC34025DWR2G SOIC−16WB (Pb−Free) 1000 Units / Tape & Reel MC34025P PDIP−16 25 Units / Rail MC34025PG PDIP−16 (Pb−Free) 25 Units / Rail Device †For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D. http://onsemi.com 18 MC34025, MC33025 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS PDIP−16 P SUFFIX CASE 648−08 ISSUE T NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN FORMED PARALLEL. 4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. 5. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL. −A− 16 9 1 8 B F C L S −T− SEATING PLANE K H G D M J 16 PL 0.25 (0.010) M T A M http://onsemi.com 19 DIM A B C D F G H J K L M S INCHES MIN MAX 0.740 0.770 0.250 0.270 0.145 0.175 0.015 0.021 0.040 0.70 0.100 BSC 0.050 BSC 0.008 0.015 0.110 0.130 0.295 0.305 0_ 10 _ 0.020 0.040 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 18.80 19.55 6.35 6.85 3.69 4.44 0.39 0.53 1.02 1.77 2.54 BSC 1.27 BSC 0.21 0.38 2.80 3.30 7.50 7.74 0_ 10 _ 0.51 1.01 MC34025, MC33025 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS SOIC−16WB DW SUFFIX CASE 751G−03 ISSUE C A D q 9 h X 45 _ E 0.25 H 8X M B M 16 1 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 2. INTERPRET DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES PER ASME Y14.5M, 1994. 3. DIMENSIONS D AND E DO NOT INLCUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13 TOTAL IN EXCESS OF THE B DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. MILLIMETERS DIM MIN MAX A 2.35 2.65 A1 0.10 0.25 B 0.35 0.49 C 0.23 0.32 D 10.15 10.45 E 7.40 7.60 e 1.27 BSC H 10.05 10.55 h 0.25 0.75 L 0.50 0.90 q 0_ 7_ 8 16X M 14X e T A S B S A1 L A 0.25 B B SEATING PLANE T C ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. 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This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner. PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION LITERATURE FULFILLMENT: N. American Technical Support: 800−282−9855 Toll Free Literature Distribution Center for ON Semiconductor USA/Canada P.O. Box 61312, Phoenix, Arizona 85082−1312 USA Phone: 480−829−7710 or 800−344−3860 Toll Free USA/Canada Japan: ON Semiconductor, Japan Customer Focus Center 2−9−1 Kamimeguro, Meguro−ku, Tokyo, Japan 153−0051 Fax: 480−829−7709 or 800−344−3867 Toll Free USA/Canada Phone: 81−3−5773−3850 Email: [email protected] http://onsemi.com 20 ON Semiconductor Website: http://onsemi.com Order Literature: http://www.onsemi.com/litorder For additional information, please contact your local Sales Representative. MC34025/D