Order this document by MC3359/D . . . includes oscillator, mixer, limiting amplifier, AFC, quadrature discriminator, op/amp, squelch, scan control, and mute switch. The MC3359 is designed to detect narrowband FM signals using a 455 kHz ceramic filter for use in FM dual conversion communications equipment. The MC3359 is similar to the MC3357 except that the MC3359 has an additional limiting IF stage, an AFC output, and an opposite polarity Broadcast Detector. The MC3359 also requires fewer external parts. For low cost applications requiring VCC below 6.0 V, the MC3361BP,BD are recommended. For applications requiring a fixed, tuned, ceramic quadrature resonator, use the MC3357. For applications requiring dual conversion and RSSI, refer to these devices; MC3335, MC3362 and MC3363. • Low Drain Current: 3.6 mA (Typical) @ VCC = 6.0 Vdc DW SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751D (SO–20L) For Low Voltage and RSSI, use the MC3371 ORDERING INFORMATION Figure 2. Pin Connections and Functional Block Diagram Operating Temperature Range Package SO–20L TA = –30 to +70°C MC3359P 1 Crystal Osc. 2 Plastic DIP Mixer Output 18 Broadcast Detector MC3359DW Mixer Device P SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 707 Oscillator 3 1.8 k VCC 5 Decoupling 6 Figure 2. VCC = 6.0 Vdc 18 0.1 µF 2 3 16 Mute 15 Scan Control 5 14 Squelch Input 6 13 Output 12 Inverting Op Amp (Filter) Input 68 k 50 k + Quad Coil Toko Type 7MC–8128Z Quadrature Input 8 – Demodulator Filter 9 Demodulator Crystal Osc. .47 µF 120 k 68 k Scan Control 14 Squelch Input 13 Filter Output 12 Filter Input 11 Demod Output 10 Recovered Audio 1 20 NC 2 19 RF Input 51 k MC3359 0.1 µF 0.1 µF 15 + 50 k 7 NC 17 4 Type CFU 455 D 16 VCC = 6.0 Vdc 220 pF Ceramic Filter Gnd Audio Mute CASE 707 10.7 MHz Input 51 68 pF 52 k RF Input 17 10 pF Figure 1. Simplified Application in a Scanner Receiver 1 Limiter Limiter Input Decoupling 10.245 MHz 4 7 8 9 11 10 390 k 0.001 µF Automatic Frequency Control Recovered Audio 0.1 µF 0.001 µF Squelch Sensitivity 1N4148 750 18 k 7.5 k 0.002 µF 100 pF Audio Volume 0.01 µF 10 k 0.01 µF Audio Out 3 18 Gnd Mixer Output 4 17 Audio Mute VCC 5 16 Scan Control Limiter Input 6 15 Squelch Input Decoupling 7 14 Filter Output Decoupling 8 13 Filter Input Quadrature Input 9 12 Demod Output Demodulator Filter 10 11 Recovered Audio MC3359DW • • Excellent Sensitivity: Input Limiting Voltage – – 3.0 dB = 2.0 µV (Typical) Low Number of External Parts Required SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA 1.8 k • HIGH GAIN LOW POWER FM IF CASE 751D Motorola, Inc. 1996 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA Rev 3 1 MC3359 MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted) Pin Symbol Value Unit Power Supply Voltage 4 Vdc 4 VCC(max) VCC 12 Operating Supply Voltage Range 6 to 9 Vdc Input Voltage (VCC 18 1.0 – 0.7 to 12 Vrms Vpk Rating q 6.0 Volts) Mute Function 16 Junction Temperature – Operating Ambient Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range V18 V16 150 °C – TJ TA – 30 to + 70 °C – Tstg – 65 to + 150 °C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 6.0 Vdc, fo = 10.7 MHz, ∆f = ± 3.0 kHz, fmod = 1.0 kHz, 50 Ω source, TA = 25°C test circuit of Figure 3, unless otherwise noted) Characteristics Min Typ Max Units – – 3.6 5.4 6.0 7.0 mA Input for 20 dB Quieting – 8.0 – µVrms Input for – 3.0 dB Limiting – 2.0 – µVrms Mixer Voltage Gain (Pin 18 to Pin 3, Open) – 46 – Mixer Third Order Intercept, 50 Ω Input – – 1.0 – dBm Mixer Input Resistance – 3.6 – kΩ Mixer Input Capacitance – 2.2 – pF 450 700 – mVrms Detector Center Frequency Slope, Pin 10 – 0.3 – V/kHz AFC Center Slope, Pin 11, Unloaded – 12 – V/kHz Filter Gain (test circuit of Figure 3) 40 51 – dB Squelch Threshold, Through 10K to Pin 14 – 0.62 – Vdc Drain Current (Pins 4 and 8) Squelch Off Squelch On Recovered Audio, Pin 10 (Input Signal 1.0 mVrms) Scan Control Current, Pin 15 Pin 14 – High g Pi 14 – Low L Pin – 20 2.0 0.01 24 2.4 1.0 – µA µ A mA Mute Switch Impedance p Pi 16 to Pin t Ground G d Pin 14 – High g Pin 14 – Low Pi L – 5.0 15 1.5 10 – Ω MΩ Figure 3. Test Circuit VCC 10.245 MHz 0.1 µF 1 18 2 17 3 16 4 15 5 14 Input 10.7 MHz 68 pF Ceramic Filter 51 220 pF 2.4 k muRata CFU455D or Kyocera KBF455P–20A Audio Gen. 0.7 Vp–p + I Squelch Input 10 k 6 0.1 µF 1.0 M 7 Op Amp Input 1.0 µF 8 11 9 10 100 pF 2 1.0 k 12 68 k Lp = 1.0 mH Cp = 120 pF Rp = 100 kΩ Op Amp Output 13 0.1 µF AFC Output Audio Output 7.5 k 0.002 µF MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC3359 Figure 4. Mixer Voltage Gain OUTPUT, 1.8 KΩ [mVrms] 200 100 Input po = 10.7 MHz Output p0 = 455 kHz Output taken at Pin 3 with filter removed (open) Figure 5. Limiting IF Frequency Response 0 VCC = 9.0 V VCC = 6.0 V 60 40 20 10 Response Taken on a special prototype. – 20 – 30 Terminals not available on standard device. – 40 – 50 IF Input for – 3 dB LImiting – 60 6.0 4.0 0.04 IF Output – 10 RELATIVE OUTPUT [dB] INPUT LEVEL, 50 Ω [dBm] 400 0.1 1.0 – 70 0.1 40 10 100 µV 1.0 INPUT, 50 Ω (mVrms) 8.0 10 7.0 Output taken at Pin 3 with filter removed VCC = 6.0 Vdc – 10 VCC = 6.0 Vdc AFC Output Pin 11 6.0 – 20 Desired Products – 30 100 Figure 7. Detector and AFC Responses 20 OUTPUT [Vdc] OUTPUT, 1.8 K Ω [dBm] Figure 6. Mixer Third Order Intermodulation Performance 0 10 FREQUENCY [MHz] – 40 5.0 4.0 3.0 Detector Output Pin 10 2.0 – 50 1.0 3rd Order IM Products – 60 – 90 – 80 – 70 – 60 – 50 – 40 – 30 – 20 INPUT, 50 Ω [dBm] – 10 0 0 – 10 – 8.0 – 6.0 – 4.0 – 2.0 0 2.0 4.0 RELATIVE FREQUENCY [kHz] 10 10 0 0 – 10 – 20 Derived using optimum L/C oscillator values and holding IF frequency at 455 kHz – 30 – 40 – 50 – 60 0.1 8.0 10 Figure 9. Overall Gain, Noise, and AM Rejection 10 RELATIVE OUTPUT [dB] RELATIVE GAIN [dB] Figure 8. Relative Mixer Gain 6.0 S+N ± 3 KHz FM – 10 25°C 75°C VCC = 6.0 Vdc – 20 – 30 S + N (30% AM) – 40 N – 50 1.0 10 FREQUENCY [MHz] MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 100 – 60 0.001 0.01 1.0 0.1 INPUT [mVrms] 10 100 3 MC3359 Figure 11. Audio Output and Total Current Drain versus Supply Voltage 10 S+N+D f o = 10.7 MHz f m = 1 kHz ∆f = 3.0 kHz Test circuit of Figure 3. " – 20 – 30 N+D – 40 N – 50 – 60 0.001 10.706 0.01 0.1 1.0 0.8 7.0 0.7 0.6 5.0 0.5 ICC, Mute On 4.0 3.0 0.4 0.3 ICC, Mute Off 2.0 0.2 1.0 0.1 0 4.0 100 10 Audio Output 6.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 INPUT [mVrms] VCC, SUPPLY VOLTAGE (Vdc) Figure 12. L/C Oscillator, Temperature and Power Supply Sensitivity Figure 13. Op Amp Gain and Phase Response VCC, SUPPLY VOLTAGE [Vdc] 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.8 6.2 70 1.0 M 1.0 M 10.704 60 1.0 K 10.698 VCC 10.696 150 40 30 60 40 50 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE [°C] 300 200 L 1 C4 C5 2 10 7.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 C5 100 70 50 1.0 0.7 0.5 C4 0.3 0.2 30 20 10 7.0 10 20 30 50 OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY [MHz] 70 10 K 100 K FREQUENCY [Hz] 0.1 100 1.0 0.8 OUTPUT [Vrms] L 30 VCC = 6.0 Vdc 0 10 M 1.0 M Figure 15. The Op Amp as a Bandpass Filter INDUCTANCE [µ H] VCC 60 DOTTED CURVES TAKEN WITH CIRCUIT VALUES OF FIGURE 3. Figure 14. L/C Oscillator Recommended Component Values 1000 700 500 120 90 0 1.0 K 70 USE CIRCUIT ABOVE FOR OPEN LOOP GAIN AND PHASE (SOLID LINES) 30 10 10.690 20 Vref Gain Phase 20 Temp 10.694 10.692 CAPACITANCE [pF] 13 12 50 10.700 4 180 0.1 µF 1.0 GAIN [dB] FREQUENCY [MHz] 10.702 5.0 0 9.0 8.0 PHASE [degrees] – 10 SUPPLY CURRENT (mAdc) RELATIVE OUTPUT [dB] 0 8.0 AUDIO OUTPUT (Vrms) Figure 10. Output Components of Signal, Noise, and Distortion 0.001 µF C1 GIVEN fo = CENTER FREQUENCY A(fo) = GAIN AT CENTER FREQUENCY Q R3 p fo C1 Vin 0.17 Vrms R1 18 K + 0.6 R1 + 2 R3 A(f ) R2 + 4Q R1R1 R3* R3 C1 VCC 6.0 V R3 390 K 0.001 µF R2 750 12 13 – + Vout Vref o 0.4 2 0.2 0 1.0 2.0 5.0 10 20 FREQUENCY [kHz] 50 100 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 17 Q21 1.8 k 10 k Q23 Q24 6 33 k Q27 10 k 33 k Q28 10 k Q29 10 k 33 k Q30 10 k Q31 10 k 33 k 10 k 33 k Q32 33 k Q11 20 k Q33 10 k Q14 Q13 Q12 33 k Q34 50 k 10 k 15 k 10 k Q35 10 k Q36 33 k Q39 10 pF Q43 Q40 7k Q37 Q62 Q61 Q63 Q70 Q45 2.5 k Q42 Q57 Q44 Q41 Q48 5k 750 Ω Q69 Q71 20 k 50 k 50 k 5k 50 k 5k Q73 Q49 Q47 Q55 Q50 Q53 Q54 Q51 Q52 Q46 4 Q58 Q56 Q59 Q76 Q75 20 k Broadcast Detector Q71 Detector and AFC Op Amp 50 k Q68 Q67 Q66 Q65 3.5 k 100 k 7 Q26 10 k Limiting IF Amplifier Q6 100 k 1.6 k Q25 10 k 3.5 k Q10 Oscillator – Mixer 3.6 k Q5 Q15 Q16 Q64 Q60 1.6 k Q20 10 k 33 k Q9 Q4 6 pF 1.8 k 1.6 k Q19 10 k 33 k Q8 Q3 6 pF Q7 10 k 1.6 k 100 k Q22 Q2 7k 14 1.6 k Q18 Q17 33 k 15 k 7k 13 1.6 k 5 18 2 1 5k 12 Figure 16. Q1 Q77 3 Figure 16. Representative Schematic Diagram 9 10 11 16 15 MC3359 100 k 1.6 k 1.6 k 1.6 k 1.6 k 33 k 5 MC3359 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The MC3359 is a low–power FM IF circuit designed primarily for use in voice–communication scanning receivers. It is also finding a place in narrowband data links. In the typical application (Figure 1), the mixer–oscillator combination converts the input frequency (10.7 MHz) down to 455 kHz, where, after external bandpass filtering, most of the amplification is done. The audio is recovered using a conventional quadrature FM detector. The absence of an input signal is indicated by the presence of noise above the desired audio frequencies. This “noise band” is monitored by an active filter and a detector. A squelch–trigger circuit indicates the presence of noise (or a tone) by an output which can be used to control scanning. At the same time, an internal switch is operated which can be used to mute the audio. APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The oscillator is an internally biased Colpitts type with the collector, base, and emitter connections at Pin 4, 1 and 2, respectively. The crystal is used in fundamental mode, calibrated for parallel resonance at 32 pF load capacitance. In theory this means that the two capacitors in series should be 32 pF, but in fact much larger values do not significantly affect the oscillator frequency, and provide higher oscillator output. The oscillator can also be used in the conventional L/C Colpitts configuration without loss of mixer conversion gain. This oscillator is, of course, much more sensitive to voltage and temperature as shown in Figure 12. Guidelines for choosing L and C values are given in Figure 14. The mixer is doubly balanced to reduce spurious responses. The mixer measurements of Figure 4 and 6 were made using an external 50 Ω source and the internal 1.8 k at Pin 3. Voltage gain curves at several VCC voltages are shown in Figure 4. The Third Order Intercept curves of Figure 6 are shown using the conventional dBm scales. Measured power gain (with the 50 Ω input) is approximately 18 dB but the useful gain is much higher because the mixer input impedance is over 3 kΩ. Most applications will use a 330 Ω 10.7 MHz crystal filter ahead of the mixer. For higher frequencies, the relative mixer gain is given in Figure 8. Following the mixer, a ceramic bandpass filter is recommended. The 455 kHz types come in bandwidths from ± 2 kHz to ± 15 kHz and have input and output impedances of 1.5 k to 2.0 k. For this reason, the Pin 5 input to the 6 stage limiting IF has an internal 1.8 k resistor. The IF has a 3 dB 6 limiting sensitivity of approximately 100 µV at Pin 5 and a useful frequency range of about 5 MHz as shown in Figure 5. The frequency limitation is due to the high resistance values in the IF, which were necessary to meet the low power requirement. The output of the limiter is internally connected to the quadrature detector, including the 10 pF quadrature capacitor. Only a parallel L/C is needed externally from Pin 8 to VCC. A shunt resistance can be added to widen the peak separation of the quadrature detector. The detector output is amplified and buffered to the audio output, Pin 10, which has an output impedance of approximately 300 Ω. Pin 9 provides a high impedance (50 k) point in the output amplifier for application of a filter or de–emphasis capacitor. Pin 11 is the AFC output, with high gain and high output impedance (1 M). If not needed, it should be grounded, or it can be connected to Pin 9 to double the recovered audio. The detector and AFC responses are shown in Figure 7. Overall performance of the MC3359 from mixer input to audio output is shown in Figure 9 and 10. The MC3359 can also be operated in “single conversion” equipment; i.e., the mixer can be used as a 455 kHz amplifier. The oscillator is disabled by connecting Pin 1 to Pin 2. In this mode, the overall performance is identical to the 10.7 MHz results of Figure 9. A simple inverting op amp is provided with an output at Pin 13 providing dc bias (externally) to the input at Pin 12, which is referred internally to 2.0 V. A filter can be made with external impedance elements to discriminate between frequencies. With an external AM detector, the filtered audio signal can be checked for the presence of either noise above the normal audio, or a tone signal. The open loop response of this op amp is given in Figure13. Bandpass filter design information is provided in Figure 15. A low bias to Pin 14 sets up the squelch–trigger circuit so that Pin 15 is high, a source of at least 2.0 mA, and the audio mute (Pin 16) is open–circuit. If Pin 14 is raised to 0.7 V by the noise or tone detector, Pin 15 becomes open circuit and Pin 16 is internally short circuited to ground. There is no hysteresis. Audio muting is accomplished by connecting Pin 16 to a high–impedance ground–reference point in the audio path between Pin 10 and the audio amplifier. No dc voltage is needed, in fact it is not desirable because audio “thump” would result during the muting function. Signal swing greater than 0.7 V below ground on Pin 16 should be avoided. MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC3359 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS P SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 707–02 ISSUE C 18 NOTES: 1. POSITIONAL TOLERANCE OF LEADS (D), SHALL BE WITHIN 0.25 (0.010) AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION, IN RELATION TO SEATING PLANE AND EACH OTHER. 2. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN FORMED PARALLEL. 3. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. 10 B 1 9 A L C K N F D H J M SEATING PLANE G DIM A B C D F G H J K L M N DW SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751D–04 (SO–20L) ISSUE E –A– 20 10X P 0.010 (0.25) 1 M B M 10 20X D 0.010 (0.25) M T A B S J S F R C –T– 18X G K MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA SEATING PLANE INCHES MIN MAX 0.875 0.915 0.240 0.260 0.140 0.180 0.014 0.022 0.050 0.070 0.100 BSC 0.040 0.060 0.008 0.012 0.115 0.135 0.300 BSC 0_ 15 _ 0.020 0.040 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.150 (0.006) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13 (0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. 11 –B– MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 22.22 23.24 6.10 6.60 3.56 4.57 0.36 0.56 1.27 1.78 2.54 BSC 1.02 1.52 0.20 0.30 2.92 3.43 7.62 BSC 0_ 15_ 0.51 1.02 X 45 _ DIM A B C D F G J K M P R MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 12.65 12.95 7.40 7.60 2.35 2.65 0.35 0.49 0.50 0.90 1.27 BSC 0.25 0.32 0.10 0.25 0_ 7_ 10.05 10.55 0.25 0.75 INCHES MIN MAX 0.499 0.510 0.292 0.299 0.093 0.104 0.014 0.019 0.020 0.035 0.050 BSC 0.010 0.012 0.004 0.009 0_ 7_ 0.395 0.415 0.010 0.029 M 7 MC3359 Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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