L9407F CAR ALTERNATOR VOLTAGE REGULATOR PRODUCT PREVIEW ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ FULLY MONOLITHIC DESIGN LOW SIDE FIELD DRIVER THERMAL PROTECTION FIELD SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION PROTECTED DIAGNOSTIC LAMP DRIVER PROTECTED HIGH SIDE RELAY DRIVER COMPLEX DIAGNOSTICS LOAD RESPONSE CONTROL DFM OUTPUT (FIELD MONITOR) Multiwatt 8 ORDERING NUMBER: L9407F DESCRIPTION The L9407F is a monolithic multifunction alternator voltage regulator intended for use in automotive application. It includes the control section, the field power stage, fault diagnostic circuit which drives a warning lamp, and the protection against short circuits. CIRCUIT OPERATION The alternator's voltage regulator performs the following main functions: – 1) voltage regulation – 2) protection – 3) control fault diagnosis – 4) load response control VOLTAGE REGULATION The alternator voltage is compared with a reference voltage in an amplifier, whose output determines the switching frequency of output power MOS whose current excites the coil of the alternator; as the regulators are a self-oscillating type this frequency depends on the whole system parameter set including the alternator characteristics. The regulators have an integrated filter in the voltage sensing path guaranteeing the correct behaviour of the devices also when the rectifier diodes feature very high switching spikes. The internal filtering allows the usage of the device also with very long cables connecting the alternator to the battery with an impedance so high to cause a superimposed ripple on the alternator voltage higher than 5-6V. Consequently it doesn't need, in the standard application, any external component. Anyway an external application (2.2uF or 2.7uF) must be inserted between A+ and ground when using the device with very long cables. PROTECTION It is present a protection against short circuits of the lamp and the relay power drivers (D+) and of the field power driver (DF), a thermal drivers shutdown protection and an overvoltage protection of D+ power drivers. DIAGNOSIS The circuit detects fault conditions related to the phase and DF status and receives informations from one of the three alternator phases. In order to prevent spurious indications, fault warnings are not displayed immediately but are dalayed by a fixed time. LOAD RESPONSE CONTROL The internal circuit regulates the soft start characteristics (activated always at engine start) and the soft attack characteristics. February 2003 This is preliminary information on a new product now in development. Details are subject to change without notice. 1/11 L9407F 4 5 A+ NC DF GND 6 7 8 PH 3 NC 2 DFM 1 D+ PIN CONNECTION PIN DESCRIPTION N° Pin Function 1 D+ Lamp terminal low side driver; relay terminal high side driver 2 A+ Alternator output voltage supply 3 NC Not connected 4 DF Field low side driver output 5 GND Ground 6 DFM Field monitor output 7 NC Not connected 8 PH Phase sense input ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Symbol VS Tj Tstg, Tcase Ptot Parameter Value Unit DC Supply Voltage (2 min. @ 25°C) [all pins vs. GND] 24 V Transient Supply Voltage (load dump) [see application circuit] t<500ms 40 V Transient Supply Voltage (low energy spikes) [see application circuit] ISO7637-1 pulse 1,2,3 /ISO7637-3 100 (clamped at 60 by application) V Junction temperature range -40 to 170 °C Storage and case temperature range -40 to 150 °C 8 W -2.5 V DC Pin Current on DF, A+, GND (bonding limitation) 15 A ESD Voltage MILSTD883C (All pins vs.GND) ±4 KV Total power Dissipation (@ Tcase = 150°C, Ifield = 5A) Reverse Voltage (see application diagram) @ 25°C, T = 15 sec all pins, except for PH (normal working condition) 2/11 L9407F THERMAL DATA Symbol Parameter Rth j-case Thermal Resistance Junction to Case Value Unit 0.6 °C/W ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTCS (Tcase = -40ºC ÷ 150ºC; unless otherwise specified) Symbol Vbat Ib-sinked Ib-stby Parameter Test Condition Operating Supply Voltage Min. Typ. 6 Supply Battery Current Max Unit 18 V 50 mA 500 uA 14.8 -2.5 V mV/°C 400 Hz Stand-by Current Vbat = A+, DF = 12.5V Regulated Volt. & Therm. Drift Ialt=1A-0.9*Inom; Tcase=20ºC; 1200<rpm<RPMMAX; Vreg clamped at 14.8V Max. (Fig.3) Switching Frequency preexcitation Delta Vrpm 1500<rpm<RPMMAX; Ialt=5A; Tcase=23ºC 200 mV Delta Vload 5A<Ialt<Inom; rpm=6000rpm; Tcase=23ºC 250 mV Vreg Reg. Voltage without Battery Ialt = 3A resistive; Tcase=25º; 2000<rpm<RPMMAX 12 16 V Vov D+ Drivers Disable Threshold Voltage on pin A+ to have D+ OFF 18 22 V Thermal Shut-down D+/DF = OFF STATE 180 220 ºC Thermal Shut-down hysteresis D+/DF from OFF STATE (due to Tj-sd-2 thermal shutdown) to ON STATE Tj-sd-10 ºC Vuv Low voltage detection threshold D+ low side driver ON after diagnosis delay time Vuv-hys Low voltage detection threshold hysteresis D+ low side driver OFF without delay Ron LSD Low Side Driver Rdson Ron LSD Vf Vreg fsw Tj-sd Tj-sd-hys If_SCTH Vs1 FS_duty 13.9 -4.5 14.35 -3.5 30 200 7.7 8.6 9.5 V Vuv + 0.40 Vuv + 0.50 Vuv + 0.60 V T = 150ºC; I = 4.5A 189 mΩ Low Side Driver Rdson T = 25ºC; I = 7A 107 mOhm Freewheeling diode DF I=5A 2 V Short Circuit Threshold DF DF = 12V; Tcase = -40ºC 11 18 A DF = 12V; Tcase = -25ºC 8.5 18 A DF = 12V; Tcase = -150ºC 5.5 18 A 2.1 3.9 V 21.57 % Output Short to GROUND DF Threshold Pre-excitation F.S.D.F. f = 333Hz +/- 15% 15.93 18.75 3/11 L9407F ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTCS (continued) (Tcase = -40ºC ÷ 150ºC; unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. t_ST Soft Start Delay Time (see fig. 5) activated always at engine start t_SL Soft Attack Time / Soft Start Time (see fig. 5) from 0 to 100% field duty cycle 2.45 Soft Attack Blind Zone percentage of maximum duty cycle immediate variation at soft attack t-rise Output Voltage Rise Time t_fall Typ. Max 0 s 3.45 s 0 10 % Ifield = 3A resistive (Fig. 6) 4 50 µs Output Voltage Fall Time Ifield = 3A resistive (Fig. 6) 5 50 µs If_leak Output Field Driver Leakage Current DF = 24V 1 mA VH_SAT High Side Driver Saturation Voltage (Fig. 9) I source = 1A 1.2 V VL_SAT1 Low Side Driver Saturation Voltage I sink = 0.5A 2 V VL_SAT2 Low Side Driver Saturation Voltage I sink = 0.3A 1.5 V 4 V Bl 3 Unit VLSB Selfbias without supply Lamp driver Voltage IHSC High Side Driver short circuit current (Fig. 9) A+ = 17.5V; D+ = GND 1.2 3 A ILSC Low Side Driver short circuit current A+ = D+ = 17.5V 0.7 2.5 A VthD+ Enable Regulator Voltage D+ 0.5 0.9 V IthD+ Enable Regulator pull-down Current D+ 0.4 3.5 mA L-t-D Lamp on delay at Ign. switch turn on (Fig. 7) 2 ms Vcan Test mode to cancel soft start/ attack (voltage) (Fig. 8) 44 V Enable control voltage input high threshold square wave f = 1KHz 0.92 V 200 µs VPHL1 t_PH 0.7 36 0.67 0.795 PH Filtering Time 50 VPHH1 Diagnosis phase loss input high threshold 9 10.25 11.5 V VPHH2 Diagnosis phase loss input low threshold guaranteed by design 4 5 6 V Diagnostic PH Filtering Time guaranteed by design 50 200 µs 1 8 mA tPHd I_Th-PH 4/11 Phase Pull-down Current L9407F ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTCS (continued) (Tcase = -40ºC ÷ 150ºC; unless otherwise specified) Symbol EN Parameter Test Condition Soft start enable frequency range Tcase = 25ºC Tcase = -40 to150ºC f_RESS_SS Reset frequency range to enable soft start Min. Typ. Max Unit 144 136 160 160 176 184 Hz Hz 40 50 60 Hz 408 408 449 469 Hz Hz 400 Hz 1.5 V 120 mA 0.1 mA DISAB Soft start enable frequency range Tcase = 25ºC Tcase = -40 to150ºC 367 347 f-dfm Output open drain switching freq. preexc. mode; Isink=14mA 30 VL-DFMON Output low voltage saturation I-sink=14mA I-DF-MON Short circuit current protection V-DF-MON=24V field fully on 15 Ilk-DFMON Output leakage current V-DF-MON=24V field off t-TM Output voltage rise time R=2.7K Ohm; C=1nF; Valim=13.5V (Fig. 6) 0.05 50 us t-TD Output voltage fall time R=2.7K Ohm; C=1nF; Valim=13.5V (Fig. 6) 0.05 50 us 0.15 0.5 s t-D Diagnostic Alarm Delay Time Figure 1. DF Monitor Electrical configuration L9407F Regulator assy Valim Alternator Field A+ Control Circuit DF R DF_MON to the ECU Field driver C DFMon driver Test circuit 5/11 L9407F Figure 2. Application Diagram ignition switch warning lamp _ A+ D+ + Field C L9407F +Vb / Vcc DF Stator PH GND DFM to E.C.U. Figure 3. L9407F THERMAL COMPENSATION (Vreg. ) 15 14.8 14.8 14.5 14.35 14.35 14 14.55 13.90 14.00 13.90 13.5 13.45 13 6/11 -40 25 125 L9407F Figure 4. Characteristics (Active always at engine start) Ign. sw on off 0.5s min 0.5s min Time (sec) Engine speed (rpm) (soft attack inhibition Alt. speed) (soft start enable Alt. speed) Time (sec) Field current (A) Soft start timing Soft start timing Soft start delay time Soft start timing Soft start delay time Soft start delay time 0.15s~0.5s Time (sec) W/Lamp 0.15s~0.5s on off Starter on E/G stop E/G stop and Ign. sw off Ign. sw on Starter on Time (sec) Starter on Ign. sw on Engine start Soft attack inhibition Alt. speed > E/G speed Engine start Engine restart Soft attack inhibition Alt. speed < E/G speed Figure 5. Soft Start/attack Characteristics on Engine off on Ign. Key off Load ON on W/Lamp off t_ST t_SL Bl Ifield DF - DFM Bl Field Pre-excitation Field Regulation 7/11 L9407F Table 1. FAULT DETECTION TABLE Root Cause Signal Effect Test detect Alternator belt breaking PH Alternator disexcitation VPH<VPHH & VA+<Vreg Brushes open PH Alternator disexcitation VPH<VPHH & VA+<Vreg Driver Open PH Alternator disexcitation VPH<VPHH & VA+<Vreg Field interruption PH Alternator disexcitation VPH<VPHH & VA+<Vreg Field short circuit to the battery PH Alternator disexcitation VPH<VPHH & VA+<Vreg Field short circuit to the ground DF Overvoltage DF<VS1 & VA+>Vreg Battery discharge (Field Driver open) A+ Undervoltage VA+<Vreg No fully excited A+ Undervoltage VA+<Vuv Battery discharge A+ Undervoltage VA+<Vuv The diagnostic result is disabled during the Soft-start delay time t_ST and the soft-start / soft attack timing t_SL Figure 6. Output Voltage rise/fall time (DF, DF_MON) 90% DF DF_MON Voltage 10% t-RISE t-TM t-FALL t-TD Figure 7. Lamp on delay at Ign. switch turn on On Ign. sw Off On W/Lamp Off L-t-D 8/11 L9407F Figure 8. Test mode to cancel soft start/attack Comparator FILTER (Delay circuit) 1~5ms DF_MON "Cancel" signal Vcan DF_MON Driver DF_MON Driver Control Circuit In case of L9407F, DF_MON Voltage >= Vcan DF_MON Driver OFF Figure 9. High Side driver saturation voltage A+ Regulator Assy L9407F Control Circuit D+ 9/11 L9407F DIM. A B C E F F1 G G1 H1 H2 L L2 L3 L4 L5 L5* L7 S S1 U Z Dia1 MIN. 0.49 0.78 0.68 2.40 17.64 19.6 20.35 17.05 17.25 10.3 15.45 15.05 2.65 1.9 1.9 0.40 0.70 3.65 mm TYP. 2.54 17.78 17.20 17.5 10.7 MAX. 5 2.65 1.6 0.55 0.85 0.75 2.68 17.92 20.2 20.65 17.35 17.75 10.9 15.75 15.35 2.9 2.6 2.6 0.55 0.85 3.85 MIN. 0.019 0.030 0.027 0.094 0.69 0.772 0.80 0.67 0.679 0.406 0.61 0.59 0.104 0.075 0.075 0.015 0.028 0.144 inch TYP. 0.10 0.70 0.68 0.689 0.421 * L5 = with wedged frame std. L5* = with wedged frame anchor holes. 10/11 MAX. 0.197 0.104 0.063 0.022 0.033 0.029 0.105 0.71 0.795 0.81 0.68 0.699 0.429 0.62 0.60 0.114 0.102 0.102 0.022 0.034 0.152 OUTLINE AND MECHANICAL DATA Multiwatt8 (Floating) L9407F Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics. 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