L9911
CAR ALTERNATOR MULTIFUNCTION SMART VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
PRELIMINARY DATA
1
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
2
Features
FULLY MONOLITHIC DESIGN
HIGH SIDE FIELD DRIVER
THERMAL PROTECTION
FIELD SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
PROTECTED DIAGNOSTIC LAMP DRIVER
PROTECTED HIGH SIDE RELAY DRIVER
COMPLEX DIAGNOSTICS
LOAD RESPONSE CONTROL
DFM OUTPUT (FIELD MONITOR)
Description
The L9911 is a monolithic multifunction alternator
voltage regulator intended for use in automotive
application. It includes the control section, the field
power stage, fault diagnostic circuit which drives a
warning lamp, and the protection against short circuits.
3
Circuit Operation
The alternator's voltage regulator performs the following main functions:
– 1) voltage regulation
– 2) protection
– 3) control fault diagnosis
– 4) load response control
3.1 VOLTAGE REGULATION
The alternator voltage is compared with a reference voltage in an amplifier, whose output determines the switching frequency of output power
MOS whose current excites the coil of the alternator; as the regulator is in fixed-frequency topology,
the field switching frequency does not depend on
the alternator characteristics. The regulators have
an integrated filter in the voltage sensing path
guaranteeing the correct behaviour of the devices
also when the rectifier diodes feature very high
switching spikes. The internal filtering allows the
usage of the device also with very long cables connecting the alternator to the battery with an imped-
Figure 1. Package
Multiwatt8
Table 1. Order Codes
Part Number
Package
Features
L9911A
Multiwatt8
See Table.9
L9911B
Multiwatt8
See Table.9
ance so high to cause a superimposed ripple on
the alternator voltage higher than 5-6V. Consequently it doesn't need, in the standard application, any external component. Anyway an external
capacitor (2.2µF) must be inserted between A+
and ground when using the device with very long
cables.
3.2 PROTECTION
It is present a protection against short circuits of
the lamp and the relay power drivers (L) and of the
field power driver (F+), a thermal drivers shutdown
protection and an overvoltage protection of L power drivers.
3.3 DIAGNOSIS
The circuit detects fault conditions related to the
phase and F+ status and receives informations
from one of the three alternator phases. In order to
prevent spurious indications, fault warnings are
not displayed immediately but are dalayed by a
fixed time.
3.4 LOAD RESPONSE CONTROL
The internal circuit regulates the soft start characteristics (activated always at engine start) and the
soft attack characteristics.
November 2005
This is preliminary information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. Details are subject to change without notice.
Rev. 3
1/15
L9911
Figure 2. Pin Connection (Top view)
L
RES.
P
DFM
RES.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
F+ B+
GND-case
Table 2. Pin Descriptions
N°
Pin
Function
1
P
2
DFM
Phase sense input.
3
RES.
4
L
5
GND-case
6
RES.
7
F+
High side driver output.
8
B+
Sensed power supply.
Field monitor output.
Reserved.
Lamp terminal low side driver; relay terminal high side driver.
Ground.
Reserved.
Table 3. Absolute Maximum Ratings (Tj = -40 to 150°C, unless otherwise specified)
Symbol
VS
Tj
Tstg, Tcase
Ptot
Parameter
Value
Unit
DC Supply Voltage (2 min. @ 25°C)
24
V
Transient Supply Voltage (load dump) [see application circuit]
t<500ms
40
V
Transient Supply Voltage (low energy spikes) [see application
circuit] ISO7637-1 pulse 1,2,3 /ISO7637-3
60
V
Junction temperature range
-40 to 150
°C
Storage and case temperature range
-40 to 150
°C
4
W
Reverse Battery Voltage (see application diagram) @ 25°C, T =
15 sec
-2.5
V
Normal working condition reverse voltage (P vs. GROUND)
Total power Dissipation (@ Tcase ≤ 150°C, Ifield ≤ 5A)
-1.5
V
DC Pin Current on F+, B+, GND (bonding limitation)
15
A
ESD Voltage MILSTD883C (All pins vs.GND)
±4
KV
Value
Unit
≤1.5
°C/W
Table 4. Thermal Data
Symbol
Rth j-case
2/15
Parameter
Thermal resistance junction to case
L9911
Table 5. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTCS
(Tj = -40°C to 150°C; unless otherwise specified)
Symbol
Vbat
Ib-sinked
Parameter
Test Condition
Operating Supply Voltage
Min.
7
Supply Battery Current
Unit
18
V
25
mA
µA
14.4
-3.5
14.8
-2.5
V
mV/°C
14.35
-11.8
14.5
-10
14.65
-8.2
V
mV/°C
14.35
-6
14.5
-4
14.65
-2
V
mV/°C
1400<rpm<RPMMAX; Ialt=10A
200
mV
5A<Ialt<Inom; rpm=6000rpm
250
mV
Stand-by Current
B+ = 12.5V, F+ = 0V
Vreg 1
Regulated Voltage & Thermal
Drift.
3 configurations available,
selectable by mask option
(see Table.8).
Ialt=1A-0.9*Inom; Tcase=20ºC;
1400<rpm<RPMMAX (Fig. 3)
14.0
-4.5
Ialt=10A; Tcase=23ºC;
rpm=6000rpm;15V max (Fig. 4)
Vreg 3
Ialt=10A; Tcase=23ºC;
rpm=6000rpm (Fig. 5)
Delta
Vrpm
Delta
Vload
Vreg-less
Max.
500
Ib-stby
Vreg 2
Typ.
Reg. Voltage without Battery
Ialt = 3A resistive; Tcase=25º;
2000<rpm<RPMMAX
12
16
V
Vov-p
Overvoltage protection
threshold
Voltage on pin
B+ to disable L
drivers
18
22
V
Vov-d
Overvoltage diagnosis
threshold
VB+ to turn on L low side driver at
VF+ > VS1
Vreg 5%
Vreg
Vreg +
5%
V
Tj-sd
Thermal shutdown threshold
Temperature to disable F+, DFM, L
(high & low side drivers)
160
175
190
ºC
Thermal Shut-down
hysteresis
L/F+/DFM from OFF STATE (due to
thermal shutdown) to ON STATE
Tj-sd10
Tj-sd-2
ºC
Under voltage diagnosis
threshold
VB+ to turn on L low side driver
7.7
8.6
9.5
V
VB+ to turn off L low side driver
Vuv +
0.40
Vuv +
0.50
Vuv +
0.60
V
0.6
V
0.55
V
Tj-sd-dwn
Vuv-1
Vuv-up
VF+_sat
High and low
side driver off
Field driver saturation voltage Tj = 150ºC; I = 4.5A
Tj = 25ºC; I = 7A
Vf
If_SCTH
Freewheeling diode F+
I=5A
2
V
Field short circuit driver
protection threshold current
(see fig. 16
F+ = 0V; Tj = -40ºC
11
18
A
F+ = 0V; Tj = -25ºC
8.5
18
A
F+ = 0V; Tj = -150ºC
5.5
18
A
5.5
V
Vs1
Field driver ON-state
detection
4.5
f-pre
Pre-excitation frequency
283
333
383
Hz
Duty-pre
Pre-excitation Field driver
ON-duty
15.93
18.75
21.57
%
t-rise
Output Voltage Rise Time
Ifield = 3A resistive (Fig. 7)
10
50
µs
t_fall
Output Voltage Fall Time
Ifield = 3A resistive (Fig. 7)
10
50
µs
Fsw_F+
Field switching frequency
Ialt=1A~0.9*Inom;1400rpm<rpm<R
PMMAX
250
400
Hz
Output Field Driver Leakage
Current
B+ = 24V; VF+ = 0
10
µA
If_leak
3/15
L9911
Table 5. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTCS (continued)
(Tj = -40°C to 150°C; unless otherwise specified)
Symbol
Parameter
Test Condition
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
26.56
31.25
35.94
%
DUTY-PR
Phase regulation max field
ON duty
Fig. 8
VH_SAT
High Side Driver Saturation
Voltage (Fig. 10)
With driver Isource=500mA
1.5
V
VL_SAT
Low Side Driver Saturation
Voltage (Fig. 10)
With driver Isink=500mA
1.5
V
VLSB
Selfbias without supply Lamp
driver Voltage
B+ open; L connected to 12V
through a 50 Ohm resistor
4
V
IHSC
High Side Driver short circuit
current protection
B+ = 12.5V; L = GND
1.2
3
A
ILSC
Low Side Driver short circuit
current (see fig. 16)
B+ = L = 12.5V
1
2
A
VthL
Enable Regulator Supply
Voltage Threshold
0.8
1.15
Ipd_L
L terminal Pull-down Current
when the generator is not
rotating
VL = 0.6V
0.4
3.5
mA
L sink current when the
generator is rotating
P frequency 500Hz; VB+ = 12V
100
µA
0.2
0.5
s
50
V
I_L_sink
t-D
Diagnostic Alarm Delay Time
Vcan-DFM Test mode to cancel soft
start/ attack (voltage)
(Fig. 11)
30
tcan-DFM
Test mode delay time
(Fig. 11)
25
VPHL1
Enable control voltage input
high threshold
square wave f = 1KHz
0.35
V
VPHL2
Enable control voltage input
low threshold
square wave f = 1KHz
0.25
V
t_PHL1
Enable Control Voltage
Phase Filtering Time
50
115
µs
VPHH1
Diagnosis phase loss input
high threshold
8
9
10
V
VPHH2_1
Diagnosis phase loss input
low threshold
6.4
7.4
8.4
V
tPHd
Diagnostic Phase Filtering
Time
50
100
µs
I_Pd-P1
Phase Pull-down Current
VP = 0.8V
1
8
mA
DFM Output open drain
switching freq.
Ialt=1A~0.9*Inom;1400rpm<rpm<R
PMMAX; I_sink=14mA
125
200
Hz
1.5
V
50
400
mA
f-dfm
VL-DFM
Output low voltage saturation I-sink=14mA
I-SC_DFM Short circuit current
protection
VB+ = VDFM = 12.5V
ms
Ilk-DFM
Output leakage current
VDFM=16V at DFM driver OFF
5
µA
t-TM
Output voltage rise time
R=1K Ohm (Fig. 7)
0.5
50
µs
t-TD
Output voltage fall time
R=1K Ohm (Fig. 7)
0.5
50
µs
4/15
L9911
Table 6. Load Response Control Parameters
Symbol
t_ST_1
t_ST_2
t_SL_1
Parameter
Test Condition
Soft Start Delay Time (Fig.
13) 2 steps available,
selectable by mask option
(see Table.7).
Activated always at engine start
Soft Attack Time / Soft Start
Time (Fig. 13). 2 steps
available, selectable by mask
option (see Table 7).
From 0 to 100% field duty cycle
Min.
Typ.
1.73
2
Max.
0
Unit
s
2.35
2.13
2.5
2.87
7.65
9
10.35
40
50
60
Hz
Tj = 25ºC
Tj = -40 to150ºC
108
102
120
120
132
138
Hz
Hz
Tj = 25ºC
Tj = -40 to150ºC
131
124
145
145
159
166
Hz
Hz
Tj = 25ºC
Tj= -40 to150ºC
144
136
160
160
176
184
Hz
Hz
Tj = 25ºC
Tj = -40 to150ºC
174
165
193
193
212
221
Hz
Hz
Tj = 25ºC
Tj = -40 to150ºC
270
255
300
300
330
345
Hz
Hz
DISAB-2
Tj = 25ºC
Tj = -40 to150ºC
315
298
350
350
385
402
Hz
Hz
DISAB-3
Tj = 25ºC
Tj = -40 to150ºC
367
347
408
408
449
469
Hz
Hz
DISAB-4
Tj = 25ºC
Tj = -40 to150ºC
420
397
466
466
512
535
Hz
Hz
t_SL_2
EN-RES
(constant)
Reset frequency range to
enable regulation; Frequency
judged after 4 periods (Fig.
12)
EN-1
Soft start enable (EN) and
LRC disable (DISAB)
frequency ranges.
4 configurations available,
selectable by mask option
(possible combinations in
Table 8). Always activated at
engine start. Frequencies
judged after 4 periods (Fig.
12)
EN-2
EN-3
EN-4
DISAB-1
s
Table 7. Load Response Control Timing Options
t_SL = 2.5s
t_SL = 9s
t_ST = 0s
LRC-A
LRC-D
t_ST = 2s
LRC-C
LRC-B
Table 8. Correspondence of Frequency (typical values) to Application Features
Alternator Revolution Speed (rpm)
6 Pole Pairs
8 Pole Pairs
1200
EN-1
EN-3
LRC Cut
3000
DISAB-1
DISAB-3
Initiate Regulation
1450
EN-2
EN-4
LRC Cut
3000
DISAB-1
DISAB-3
Initiate Regulation
1450
EN-2
EN-4
LRC Cut
3500
DISAB-2
EN-4
Typical Configuration
A (Config-A)
Initiate Regulation
Typical Configuration
B (Config-B)
Typical Configuration
C (Config-C)
Considering the overall WW application scenario, there is a direct correspondence between Typical Configurations A/B and regulation curve Vreg-1, and between Typical Configuration C and regulation curves
Vreg-2 and Vreg-3. This is allowing the summary of all possible customizations for L9911 in the table below.
5/15
L9911
Table 9. Customization of L9911: Combination of LRC, Regulation, and Application Options
Vreg-1 / Config-A
Vreg-1 / Config-B
8 Pole
Pairs
6 Pole Pairs
Vreg-2 / Config-C
8 Pole
Pairs
6 Pole
Pairs
Vreg-3 / Config-C
LRC Timing
options
6 Pole
Pairs
6 Pole
Pairs
6 Pole Pairs
6 Pole
Pairs
LRC-A
L9911B
nya
nya
nya
nya
nya
nya
nya
LRC-B
nya
nya
L9911A
nya
nya
nya
nya
nya
LRC-C
Nya
nya
nya
nya
nya
nya
nya
nya
LRC-D
nya
nya
nya
nya
nya
nya
nya
nya
Figure 3. Vreg-1
15.2
15.1
15
14.9
Max.
14.8
14.7
14.6
14.5
Typ.
V
14.4
14.3
14.2
14.1
14
13.9
13.8
Min.
13.7
13.6
13.5
13.4
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
14.06V~14,91V @ -5°C
14.00V~14.80V @ 20°C
13.42V~14,48V @ 150°C
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
T
Figure 4. Vreg-2
15.1
15
14.9
14.8
14.7
14.6
14.5
Max.
14.4
14.3
14.2
V
14.1
14
Typ.
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.6
13.5
13.4
13.3
Min.
13.2
13.1
13
6/15
T
150
145
140
135
130
125
120
115
110
105
95
100
90
85
80
70
75
60
65
50
55
45
40
30
35
20
25
10
15
0
5
-5
-10
-20
14.60V~15.00V @ -5°C
14.35V~14.65V @ 23°C
12.85V~13.66V @ 150°C
-15
-30
-25
-35
12.8
-40
12.9
L9911
Figure 5. Vreg-3
15.1
15
14.9
14.8
14.7
Max.
14.6
14.5
V
14.4
Typ.
14.3
14.2
14.1
14
13.9
13.8
Min.
13.7
13.6
13.5
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
T
14.41V~14.82V @ -5°C
14.35V~14.65V @ 23°C
13.59V~14.40V @ 150°C
Figure 6. Output Voltage rise/fall time (F+, DFM)
90%
F+
DFM
Voltage
10%
t-rise
t-TM
t-fall
t-TD
7/15
L9911
Figure 7. Phase Regulation Characteristics
on
Engine
off
on
Ign. Switch off
Load ON
on
W/Lamp
off
t_ST
t_SL
Ifield
F+/DFM
Field Preexcitation
Field
Regulation
PRINCIPLE OF PHASE REGULATION:
When VB+ is above the regulated voltage, the field driver is controlled to keep phase peak voltage from
falling below VPHH1.
If phase peak voltage drops below VPHL1, phase regulation does not work.
Figure 8. Application Diagram
ignition
switch
warning lamp
_
B+
L
+
C
L9911
+Vb / Vcc
F+
Stator
Field
P
GND
DFM
to E.C.U.
8/15
L9911
Figure 9. High Side/Low side driver saturation
B+
Regulator Assy
L9911
Control
Circuit
L
Figure 10. Test mode to cancel soft start/attack
DFM
FILTER (tcan)
COMP
CANCEL
AND LATCH
Vcan
Figure 11. Soft-start enable frequency range
EN-1~4
SOFT-START
ENABLE
FREQUENCY
{
CONSTANT
(50HZ)
EN-RES
9/15
L9911
Figure 12. Soft start characteristics (always activated at engine start)
Ign. sw
on
off
0.5s min
0.5s min
Time (sec)
Engine speed (rpm)
(soft attack inhibition Alt. speed)
(soft start enable Alt. speed)
Time (sec)
Field current (A)
Soft start
timing
Soft start
timing
Soft start
delay time
Soft start
delay time
Soft start
timing
Soft start
delay time
Time (sec)
0.15s~0.5s
W/Lamp
0.15s~0.5s
on
off
Starter on
E/G stop
and Ign. sw off
Ign. sw on
Engine start
Soft attack inhibition
Alt. speed > E/G speed
10/15
E/G stop
Starter on
Time (sec)
Starter on
Ign. sw on
Engine start
Soft attack inhibition
Alt. speed < E/G speed
Engine restart
L9911
Figure 13. Soft Start/attack Characteristics
on
Engine off
on
Ign. Switch off
Load ON
on
W/Lamp off
t_ST
t_SL
Ifield
F+/DFM
Field Preexcitation
Field
Regulation
Table 10. Fault Detection
Root Cause
Signal
Effect
Test detect
Alternator belt breaking
P
Alternator disexcitation
VP<VPHH1 & VB+<Vreg
Brushes open
P
Alternator disexcitation
VP<VPHH1 & VB+<Vreg
Field Driver Open
P
Alternator disexcitation
VP<VPHH1 & VB+<Vreg
Field interruption
P
Alternator disexcitation
VP<VPHH1 & VB+<Vreg
Field short circuit to the battery
F+
Overvoltage
VF+>VS1 & VB+ > Vov-d
Field short circuit to the ground
P
Alternator disexcitation
VP<VPHH1 & VB+<Vreg
Battery discharge
B+
Undervoltage
VB+<Vuv
The diagnostic result is disabled during the Soft-start delay time t_ST 0...3 and the soft-start / soft attack timing t_SL 0...3
Figure 14. DFMonitor Electrical configuration
L9911
Regulator assy
Valim
B+
Alternator
Field
Control
Circuit
F+
R
DFM
to the ECU
Field driver
DFMon driver
Test circuit
11/15
L9911
Figure 15. Short circuit drivers' protection
Current short circuit (Field driver, Relay driver, DFMon driver)
T< 25ms
Current short circuit (Lamp driver)
Filtering time
Retry time
Field driver, DFmon driver and Relay driver are protected in switching mode (not linear), with a retry time
less than 25ms.
Lamp driver is protected in linear mode, with a retry time of 1s.
12/15
L9911
4
Package Information
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK® packages. These
packages have a Lead-free second level interconnect. The category of second Level Interconnect is
marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The
maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label.
ECOPACK is an ST trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com.
Figure 16. Multiwatt8 Mechanical Data & Package Dimensions
mm
inch
DIM.
MIN.
TYP.
MAX.
MIN.
TYP.
MAX.
A
5
0.197
B
2.65
0.104
C
1.6
E
0.49
0.063
0.55
0.019
0.022
F
0.78
0.85
0.030
G
2.40
2.54
2.68
0.094
0.10
0.105
G1
17.64
17.78
17.92
0.69
0.70
0.71
H1
19.6
0.033
0.772
H2
20.2
L
20.35
L2
17.05
L3
OUTLINE AND
MECHANICAL DATA
0.795
20.65
0.80
17.20
17.35
0.67
0.68
0.81
0.68
17.25
17.5
17.75
0.679
0.689
0.699
L4
10.3
10.7
10.9
0.406
0.421
0.429
L7
2.65
2.9
0.104
0.114
S
1.9
2.6
0.075
0.102
0.102
S1
1.9
2.6
0.075
U
0.40
0.55
0.015
0.022
Z
0.70
0.85
0.028
0.034
Dia1
3.65
3.85
0.144
0.152
Multiwatt8 (Pin 5 GND)
0043696 F
13/15
L9911
Table 11. Revision History
14/15
Date
Revision
Description of Changes
June 2004
1
First Issue.
May 2005
2
Modified Figure 2, Table 2 and Table 5;
Updated Figure 10, 11 and 14; Add Table 7.
Add ordering numbers.
07-Nov-2005
3
Updated Table 5.
Added new tables 6-9.
L9911
Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences
of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted
by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject
to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not
authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics.
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All other names are the property of their respective owners
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15/15