MIC2026A/2076A Dual-Channel Power Distribution Switch General Description Features The MIC2026A and MIC2076A are high-side MOSFET switches optimized for general-purpose power distribution requiring circuit protection. The MIC2026A is particularly well suited for USB applications. The MIC2026A/2076A are internally current limited and have thermal shutdown that protects the device and load. The MIC2076A offers “smart” shutdown that reduces current consumption in fault modes. When the MIC2076A goes into thermal shutdown due to current limiting, the output is latched off until the switch is reset. The MIC2076A can be reset by removing the load, toggling the enable input, or cycling VIN. Both devices employ soft-start circuitry that minimizes inrush current in applications where highly capacitive loads are employed. A fault status output flag is asserted during overcurrent or thermal shutdown conditions. Transient faults are internally filtered. The MIC2026A/2076A are available in an 8-pin SOIC package. All support documentation can be found on Micrel’s web site at www.micrel.com. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 100mΩ typical RDS(ON) at 5.0V 140mΩ maximum RDS(ON) at 5.0V 2.7 V to 5.5 V operating range 500mA minimum continuous current per channel Short circuit protection with thermal shutdown Thermally isolated channels Soft-start circuit Fault status flag with 3ms filter eliminates false assertions UVLO (Undervoltage lockout) Reverse current flow blocking (no “body diode”) Circuit breaker mode (MIC2076A) Pin compatible with the MIC2026/2076 Logic-compatible inputs Low quiescent current Applications • USB peripherals • General purpose power switching • ACPI power distribution • Notebook PCs • PDAs • PC card hot swap _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Typical Application Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com July 2009 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Ordering Information Part Number Enable Temperature Range Package Lead Finish MIC2026A-1YM Active High –40° to +85°C 8- Pin SOIC Pb-Free MIC2026A-2YM Active Low –40° to +85°C 8- Pin SOIC Pb-Free MIC2076A-1YM Active High –40° to +85°C 8- Pin SOIC Pb-Free MIC2076A-2YM Active Low –40° to +85°C 8- Pin SOIC Pb-Free Pin Configuration ENA 1 8 OUTA FLGA 2 7 IN FLGB 3 6 GND ENB 4 5 OUTB 8-Pin SOIC (M) Pin Description Pin Number Pin Name Pin Function 1 ENA Switch A Enable (Input): Logic-compatible, enable input. Active high (-1) or active low (-2). 2 FLGA Fault Flag A (Output): Active-low, open-drain output. A logic LOW state Indicates overcurrent or thermal shutdown conditions. Overcurrent conditions must last longer than t D in order to assert FLGA. The FLGA pin can be left floating; however, fault reporting information will be lost. B 3 FLGB Fault Flag B (Output): Active-low, open-drain output. A logic LOW state indicates overcurrent or thermal shutdown conditions. Overcurrent conditions must last longer than t D in order to assert FLGB. The FLGB pin can be left floating; however, fault reporting information will be lost. B July 2009 B 4 ENB 5 OUTB Switch B (Output). 6 GND Ground. 7 IN 8 OUTA B Switch B Enable (Input): Logic-compatible enable input. Active-high (-1) or active-low (-2). Input: Switch and logic supply input. Switch A (Output). 2 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) Operating Ratings (2) Supply Voltage (VIN) ....................................... –0.3V to +6V Output Voltage (OUTA and OUTB) ................ –0.3V to +6V All other pins voltages ..................................... –0.3V to +6V Fault Flag Current (I FLG )..............................................25mA Output Current (I OUT ).................................Internally Limited Storage Temperature (T S ) .......................–65°C to +150 °C ESD Rating(3) HBM ......................................................................... 3kV MM .........................................................................200V Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 sec) ....................... 260°C Supply Voltage (V IN ) .................................... +2.7V to +5.5V Ambient Temperature (T A ).......................... –40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature Range (T J ) ............ Internally Limited Thermal Resistance SOIC (θ JA ) .......................................................160°C/W P B B P B B B B B B B B B B B B Electrical Characteristics(4) VIN = 5V; TA = 25°C, unless noted, bold values indicate –40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C. Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units MIC20X6A-1, V ENA = V ENB = 0V (switch off), OUT = open 0.75 5 µA MIC20X6A-2, V ENA = V ENB = 5V (switch off), OUT = open 0.75 20 µA MIC20X6A-1, V ENA = V ENB = 5V (switch on), OUT = open 100 160 µA MIC20X6A-2, V ENA = V ENB = 0V (switch on), OUT = open 100 160 µA low-to-high transition 1.6 2.4 V B B I DD B Supply Current B B B V EN B B B B B B B B B B B B Enable Input Threshold B high-to-low transition V EN_HYST B B I EN B Enable Input Hysteresis Enable Input Current B C EN B -1 V EN = 0V to 5V B B Enable Input Capacitance B B 1.45 V 150 mV 0.01 1 1 µA pF V IN = 5.0V, I OUT = 500mA 100 140 mΩ V IN = 3.3V, I OUT = 500mA 90 170 mΩ MIC20X6A-1, VENX = 0V; MIC20X6A-2, VENX = VIN, (output off) 0.01 10 µA MIC2076A, Thermal shutdown state 50 B R DS(ON) B B B Switch On Resistance B B I LEAKAGE B I LIMIT 0.8 Output Leakage Current B B B 0.5 0.7 1.25 A 1.0 1.25 A Undervoltage Lockout Threshold (UVLO) V IN rising 2.2 2.45 2.7 V V IN falling 2.0 2.25 2.5 V VUVHYST UVLO Hysteresis V IN rising or VIN falling 200 R FLG Error Flag Output Resistance I L = 10mA 10 I FLG_OFF Error Flag Off Current V FLAG = V IN tSC_RESP Short-Circuit Response Time V OUT = 0V, short circuit applied to enabled switch 20 t ON Output Turn-On Delay See Timing Diagrams, RL = 10Ω, CL = 1µF 1.3 5 ms tR Output Turn-On Rise Time See Timing Diagrams, RL = 10Ω, CL = 1µF 1.5 4.9 ms Output Turn-Off Delay See Timing Diagrams, RL = 10Ω, CL = 1µF 32 100 µs B B I LMT_TRSH B VUVLO B B B B B B B B t OFF B B July 2009 Short-Circuit Output Current V OUT = 0V, enabled into short-circuit Current-Limit Threshold Ramped load applied to output µA B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B 3 0.5 mV 25 Ω 10 µA µs M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Symbol Parameter Condition Min tF Output Turn-Off Fall Time See Timing Diagrams, RL = 10Ω, CL = 1µF tD Overcurrent Flag Response Delay From short circuit to FLG pin assertion B B TOVERTEMP Overtemperature Threshold (5) P P 1.5 Typ Max Units 32 100 µs 3.5 7 ms T J increasing, each switch T J decreasing, each switch 140 120 °C °C T J increasing, both switches T J decreasing, both switches 160 150 °C °C B B B B B B B B Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function properly outside its operating rating. 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. 4. Specification for packaged product only. 5. If there is a fault on one channel, that channel will shut down when the die reaches approximately 140°C. If the die reaches approximately 160°C, both channels will shut down, even if neither channel is in current limit. Test Circuit July 2009 4 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Timing Diagrams Output Rise and Fall Times Active-Low Switch Delay Times (MIC20x6A-2) Active-High Switch Delay Time (MIC20x6A-1) July 2009 5 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Typical Characteristics 180 160 160 140 5V 100 80 3V 60 100 3V 80 60 40 40 20 20 0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 IDD_ON vs. VIN -20 0 20 40 60 80 -40 100 RDS_ON vs. VIN 200 60 25°C 100 80 60 -40°C 40 -40°C 20 RISE TIME (ms) RDS_ON (mΩ) 80 85°C 25°C 120 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 85°C 2.5 600 3V 400 200 40 60 80 800 600 400 200 -40°C CURRENT-LIMIT (mA) 25°C 400 200 0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 4.0 VIN (V) 4.5 5.0 3V -40 -20 Current-Limit Threshold vs. VIN 800 5.5 20 40 60 80 100 Output Fall Time vs. VIN 100 80 25°C 85°C 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 600 -40°C 400 200 60 85°C 40 20 0 3.5 5V 0 1000 600 5.5 40 TEMPERATURE (°C) 85°C 5.0 60 20 TEMPERATURE (°C) Short-Circuit Current-Limit vs. VIN 4.5 80 3V 5V -40 100 4.0 100 FALL TIME (µs) 20 3.5 Output Fall Time vs. Temperature 0 0 0 3.0 VIN (V) FALL TIME (µs) CURRENT-LIMIT (mA) 5V 800 3.0 2 5.5 1000 2.5 25°C 3 Current-Limit Threshold vs. Temperature 1000 800 100 -40°C VIN (V) Short-Circuit Current-Limit vs. Temperature -20 80 0 2.5 VIN (V) -40 60 1 0 3.0 40 20 0 2.5 20 Output Rise Time vs. VIN 4 140 100 40 0 5 160 85°C 120 -20 TEMPERATURE (°C) 180 140 IDD_ON (µA) 5V TEMPERATURE (°C) 160 CURRENT LIMIT (mA) 2 0 -40 TEMPERATURE (°C) 180 3V 3 1 0 -40 CURRENT LIMIT (mA) 4 RISE TIME (ms) 5V 120 July 2009 5 120 RDS_ON (mΩ) IDD_ON (µA) 140 1000 Output Rise Time vs. Temperature RDS_ON vs. Temperature IDD_ON vs. Temperature 25°C -40°C 0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VIN (V) 6 4.5 5.0 5.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 VIN (V) M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Typical Characteristics (continued) 5V 1.5 1.0 3V 0.5 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 10 8 3 5V 2 1 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 5.0 5.5 TEMPERATURE (°C) IDD_OFF vs. VIN 10.0 85°C FLAG DELAY (ms) 4 3 -40°C 25°C 2 1 85°C 8.0 3 IDD_OFF (µA) ENABLE THRESHOLD (V) 3V Overcurrent Flag Delay vs. VIN 5 4 4 0 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) Enable Threshold vs. VIN 5V 6 2 0 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 5 IDD_OFF vs. Temperature 3V 4 2.0 FLAG DELAY (ms) ENABLE THRESHOLD (V) 2.5 0.0 25°C -40°C 2 6.0 85°C 4.0 25°C 1 -40°C 2.0 0 0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 VIN (V) 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VIN (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5 0.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 VIN (V) UVLO Threshold vs. Temperature 3.0 UVLO THRESHOLD (V) Overcurrent Flag Delay vs. Temperature 5 IDD_OFF (µA) Enable Threshold vs. Temperature 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) July 2009 7 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Functional Characteristics July 2009 8 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Functional Characteristics (continued) July 2009 9 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Functional Characteristics (continued) July 2009 10 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Block Diagram MIC2026A/2076A Block Diagram output if the die temperature reaches 140°C and the overheated channel is in current limit. The other channel is not affected. If however, the die temperature exceeds 160°C, both channels will be shut off. The MIC2026A will automatically reset its output when the die temperature cools down to 120°C. The MIC2026A’s output and FLG signal will continue to cycle on and off until the device is disabled or the fault is removed. Figure 2 depicts typical timing. On the other hand, the MIC2076A’s output will be turned off, and remain off until the MIC2076A is reset. This is often called latched output, that is, the output is “latched” off and stays off. This is different from the MIC2026A’s output that will cycle on and off. The MIC2076A will latch off the output when the MIC2076A is in current limiting and the switch goes in to thermal shutdown. Upon entering thermal shutdown, the output will be immediately latched off. The MIC2076A (latched output) can be reset by any of the following three methods: 1. Remove the fault load 2. Toggle the EN (Enable) pin 3. Cycle VIN (input power supply) Resetting the MIC2076A will return it to normal operation. Depending on PCB layout, package, ambient temperature, etc., it may take several hundred Functional Description Input and Output IN is the power supply connection to the logic circuitry and the drain of the output MOSFET. OUT is the source of the output MOSFET. In a typical circuit, current flows from IN to OUT toward the load when the switch is enabled. An important consideration in choosing a switch is whether it has “reverse voltage protection.” This is accomplished by eliminating the body diode during the fabrication process. Reverse voltage protection is important when the switch is disabled and a voltage is presented to the OUT pin that is greater than the VIN pin voltage. The reverse voltage protection prevents current flow in the reverse path from OUT to IN. On other hand when the switch is enabled the switch is bidirectional. In this case when a voltage is presented to the OUT pin that is greater than the VIN voltage, current will flow from OUT to IN. Thermal Shutdown Thermal shutdown is employed to protect the device from damage should the die temperature exceed safe margins due mainly to short circuit faults. Each channel employs its own thermal sensor. Thermal shutdown shuts off the output MOSFET and asserts the FLG July 2009 11 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A • milliseconds from the incidence of the fault to the output MOSFET being shut off. This time will be shortest in the case of a dead short on the output. Power Dissipation The device’s junction temperature depends on several factors such as the load, PCB layout, ambient temperature, and package type. Equations that can be used to calculate power dissipation of each channel and junction temperature are found below: When a heavy load or short-circuit is applied to an enabled switch, a large transient current may flow until the current-limit circuitry responds. Once this occurs, the device limits current to the short-circuit current limit specification. • Current-Limit Response The MIC2026A/2076A current-limit response is often called the foldback current-limit. The foldback current-limit is the current limit reached when the output current is increased slowly rather than abruptly. An approximation of slowly is tens of milliamps per second. The foldback current-limit is typical 200 mA higher than the short-circuit currentlimit. When the foldback current-limit is reached, the output current will abruptly decrease to the shortcircuit current-limit. PD = RDS(on) x IOUT2 Total power dissipation of the device will be the summation of PD for both channels. To relate this to junction temperature, the following equation can be used: TJ = PD × θJA + TA where: TJ = junction temperature TA = ambient temperature Fault Flag The FLG signal is an N-Channel open-drain MOSFET output. FLG is asserted (active-low) when either an overcurrent or thermal shutdown condition occurs. In the case of an overcurrent condition, FLG will be asserted only after the flag response delay time, tD, has elapsed. This ensures that FLG is asserted only upon valid overcurrent conditions and that erroneous error reporting is eliminated. For example, false overcurrent conditions can occur during hot plug events when a highly capacitive load is connected and causes a high transient inrush current that exceeds the current-limit threshold for up to 1ms. The FLG response delay time tD is typically 3ms. θJA = is the thermal resistance of the package Current Sensing and Limiting The current-limit threshold is preset internally. The preset level prevents damage to the device and external load but still allows a minimum current of 500mA to be delivered to the load. The current-limit circuit senses a portion of the output MOSFET switch current. The current-sense resistor shown in the block diagram is a virtual and has no voltage drop. The reaction to an overcurrent condition varies with three scenarios: • Short-Circuit Applied to Enabled Output Undervoltage Lockout Undervoltage lockout (UVLO) prevents the output MOSFET from turning on until VIN exceeds approximately 2.45V. Undervoltage detection functions only when the switch is enabled. Switch Enabled into Short-Circuit If a switch is enabled into a heavy load or shortcircuit, the switch immediately enters into a constantcurrent mode, reducing the output voltage. The FLG signal is asserted indicating an overcurrent condition. Figure 1. MIC2076A Fault Timing: Output Reset by Removing Load July 2009 12 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Figure 2. MIC2026A Fault Timing Application Information Universal Serial Bus (USB) Power Distribution The MIC2026A/2076A are ideally suited for USB (Universal Serial Bus) power distribution applications. The USB specification defines power distribution for USB host systems such as PCs and USB hubs. Hubs can either be self-powered or bus-powered (that is, powered from the bus). Figure 5 shows a typical USB Host application that may be suited for mobile PC applications employing USB. The requirement for USB host systems is that the port must supply a minimum of 500mA at an output voltage of 5V ±5%. In addition, the output power delivered must be limited to below 25VA. Upon an overcurrent condition, the host must also be notified. To support hot-plug events, the hub must have a minimum of 120µF of bulk capacitance, preferably low ESR electrolytic or tantalum. Please refer to Application Note 17 for more details on designing compliant USB hub and host systems. For bus-powered hubs, USB requires that each downstream port be switched on or off under control by the host. Up to four downstream ports each capable of supplying 100mA at 4.4V minimum are allowed. In addition, to reduce voltage droop on the upstream VBUS, soft-start is necessary. Although the hub can consume up to 500mA from the upstream bus, the hub must consume only 100mA max at start-up, until it enumerates with the host prior to requesting more power. The same requirements apply for bus-powered peripherals that have no downstream ports. Figure 6 shows a bus-powered hub. Supply Filtering A 0.1µF to 1µF bypass capacitor positioned close to VIN and GND pins of the device is strongly recommended to control supply transients. Without a bypass capacitor, an output short may cause sufficient ringing on the input (from supply lead inductance) to damage internal control circuitry. Printed Circuit Board Hot-Plug The MIC2026A/2076A are ideal inrush current-limiters for hot plug applications. Due to their integrated charge pumps, the MIC2026A/2076A present a high impedance when off and slowly become a low impedance as their integrated charge pumps turn on. This “soft-start” feature effectively isolates power supplies from highly capacitive loads by reducing inrush current. Figure 3 shows how the MIC2026A may be used in a card hot-plug application. In cases of extremely large capacitive loads (>400µF), the length of the transient due to inrush current may exceed the delay provided by the integrated filter. Since this inrush current exceeds the current-limit delay specification, FLG will be asserted during this time. To prevent the logic controller from responding to FLG being asserted, an external RC filter, as shown in Figure 4, can be used to filter out transient FLG assertion. The value of the RC time constant should be selected to match the length of the transient, less tD(min) of the MIC2026A/2076A. July 2009 13 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Figure 3. Hot-Plug Application Figure 4. Transient Filter July 2009 14 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Figure 5. USB Two-Port Host Application Figure 6. USB Two-Port Bus-Powered Hub July 2009 15 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690 Micrel, Inc. MIC2026A/2076A Package Information 8-Pin SOIC (M) MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2009 Micrel, Incorporated. July 2009 16 M9999-072309-B (408) 955-1690