DALLAS DS18B20

DS18B20
Programmable Resolution
1-Wire Digital Thermometer
www.maxim-ic.com
FEATURES
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
®
DALLAS
18B20
N.C.
1
N.C.
2
VDD
3
DQ
4
1 2 3
DALLAS
18B20
8
N.C.
7
N.C.
6
N.C.
5
GND
GND
DQ
VDD
SO (150 mils)
(DS18B20Z)
1 2
3
DQ
N.C.
1
N.C.
GND
3
2
4
18B20
Unique 1-Wire Interface Requires Only One
Port Pin for Communication
Each Device has a Unique 64-Bit Serial Code
Stored in an On-Board ROM
Multidrop Capability Simplifies Distributed
Temperature-Sensing Applications
Requires No External Components
Can Be Powered from Data Line; Power Supply
Range is 3.0V to 5.5V
Measures Temperatures from -55°C to +125°C
(-67°F to +257°F)
±0.5°C Accuracy from -10°C to +85°C
Thermometer Resolution is User Selectable
from 9 to 12 Bits
Converts Temperature to 12-Bit Digital Word in
750ms (Max)
User-Definable Nonvolatile (NV) Alarm
Settings
Alarm Search Command Identifies and
Addresses Devices Whose Temperature is
Outside Programmed Limits (Temperature
Alarm Condition)
Available in 8-Pin SO (150 mils), 8-Pin μSOP,
and 3-Pin TO-92 Packages
Software Compatible with the DS1822
Applications Include Thermostatic Controls,
Industrial Systems, Consumer Products,
Thermometers, or Any Thermally Sensitive
System
8
VDD
7
N.C.
6
N.C.
5
N.C.
μSOP
(DS18B20U)
(BOTTOM VIEW)
TO-92
(DS18B20)
DESCRIPTION
The DS18B20 digital thermometer provides 9-bit to 12-bit Celsius temperature measurements and has an
alarm function with nonvolatile user-programmable upper and lower trigger points. The DS18B20
communicates over a 1-Wire bus that by definition requires only one data line (and ground) for
communication with a central microprocessor. It has an operating temperature range of -55°C to +125°C
and is accurate to ±0.5°C over the range of -10°C to +85°C. In addition, the DS18B20 can derive power
directly from the data line (“parasite power”), eliminating the need for an external power supply.
Each DS18B20 has a unique 64-bit serial code, which allows multiple DS18B20s to function on the same
1-Wire bus. Thus, it is simple to use one microprocessor to control many DS18B20s distributed over a
large area. Applications that can benefit from this feature include HVAC environmental controls,
temperature monitoring systems inside buildings, equipment, or machinery, and process monitoring and
control systems.
1-Wire is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
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REV: 042208
DS18B20
ORDERING INFORMATION
PART
DS18B20
DS18B20+
DS18B20/T&R
DS18B20+T&R
DS18B20-SL/T&R
DS18B20-SL+T&R
DS18B20U
DS18B20U+
DS18B20U/T&R
DS18B20U+T&R
DS18B20Z
DS18B20Z+
DS18B20Z/T&R
DS18B20Z+T&R
TEMP RANGE
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
PIN-PACKAGE
3 TO-92
3 TO-92
3 TO-92 (2000 Piece)
3 TO-92 (2000 Piece)
3 TO-92 (2000 Piece)*
3 TO-92 (2000 Piece)*
8 μSOP
8 μSOP
8 μSOP (3000 Piece)
8 μSOP (3000 Piece)
8 SO
8 SO
8 SO (2500 Piece)
8 SO (2500 Piece)
TOP MARK
18B20
18B20
18B20
18B20
18B20
18B20
18B20
18B20
18B20
18B20
DS18B20
DS18B20
DS18B20
DS18B20
+Denotes a lead-free package. A “+” will appear on the top mark of lead-free packages.
T&R = Tape and reel.
*TO-92 packages in tape and reel can be ordered with straight or formed leads. Choose “SL” for straight leads. Bulk TO-92 orders are straight
leads only.
PIN DESCRIPTION
PIN
NAME
SO
1, 2, 6,
7, 8
μSOP
2, 3, 5,
6, 7
TO-92
—
N.C.
3
8
3
VDD
4
1
2
DQ
5
4
1
GND
FUNCTION
No Connection
Optional VDD. VDD must be grounded for operation in
parasite power mode.
Data Input/Output. Open-drain 1-Wire interface pin. Also
provides power to the device when used in parasite power
mode (see the Powering the DS18B20 section.)
Ground
OVERVIEW
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the DS18B20, and pin descriptions are given in the Pin Description
table. The 64-bit ROM stores the device’s unique serial code. The scratchpad memory contains the 2-byte
temperature register that stores the digital output from the temperature sensor. In addition, the scratchpad
provides access to the 1-byte upper and lower alarm trigger registers (TH and TL) and the 1-byte
configuration register. The configuration register allows the user to set the resolution of the temperatureto-digital conversion to 9, 10, 11, or 12 bits. The TH, TL, and configuration registers are nonvolatile
(EEPROM), so they will retain data when the device is powered down.
The DS18B20 uses Maxim’s exclusive 1-Wire bus protocol that implements bus communication using
one control signal. The control line requires a weak pullup resistor since all devices are linked to the bus
via a 3-state or open-drain port (the DQ pin in the case of the DS18B20). In this bus system, the
microprocessor (the master device) identifies and addresses devices on the bus using each device’s unique
64-bit code. Because each device has a unique code, the number of devices that can be addressed on one
2 of 22
DS18B20
bus is virtually unlimited. The 1-Wire bus protocol, including detailed explanations of the commands and
“time slots,” is covered in the 1-Wire Bus System section.
Another feature of the DS18B20 is the ability to operate without an external power supply. Power is
instead supplied through the 1-Wire pullup resistor via the DQ pin when the bus is high. The high bus
signal also charges an internal capacitor (CPP), which then supplies power to the device when the bus is
low. This method of deriving power from the 1-Wire bus is referred to as “parasite power.” As an
alternative, the DS18B20 may also be powered by an external supply on VDD.
Figure 1. DS18B20 Block Diagram
VPU
PARASITE POWER
CIRCUIT
4.7k
MEMORY CONTROL
LOGIC
DS18B20
DQ
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
INTERNAL VDD
GND
CPP
64-BIT ROM
AND
1-Wire PORT
SCRATCHPAD
ALARM HIGH TRIGGER (TH)
REGISTER (EEPROM)
ALARM LOW TRIGGER (TL)
REGISTER (EEPROM)
VDD
CONFIGURATION REGISTER
(EEPROM)
POWERSUPPLY
SENSE
8-BIT CRC GENERATOR
OPERATION—MEASURING TEMPERATURE
The core functionality of the DS18B20 is its direct-to-digital temperature sensor. The resolution of the
temperature sensor is user-configurable to 9, 10, 11, or 12 bits, corresponding to increments of 0.5°C,
0.25°C, 0.125°C, and 0.0625°C, respectively. The default resolution at power-up is 12-bit. The DS18B20
powers up in a low-power idle state. To initiate a temperature measurement and A-to-D conversion, the
master must issue a Convert T [44h] command. Following the conversion, the resulting thermal data is
stored in the 2-byte temperature register in the scratchpad memory and the DS18B20 returns to its idle
state. If the DS18B20 is powered by an external supply, the master can issue “read time slots” (see the
1-Wire Bus System section) after the Convert T command and the DS18B20 will respond by transmitting
0 while the temperature conversion is in progress and 1 when the conversion is done. If the DS18B20 is
powered with parasite power, this notification technique cannot be used since the bus must be pulled high
by a strong pullup during the entire temperature conversion. The bus requirements for parasite power are
explained in detail in the Powering the DS18B20 section.
The DS18B20 output temperature data is calibrated in degrees Celsius; for Fahrenheit applications, a
lookup table or conversion routine must be used. The temperature data is stored as a 16-bit sign-extended
two’s complement number in the temperature register (see Figure 2). The sign bits (S) indicate if the
temperature is positive or negative: for positive numbers S = 0 and for negative numbers S = 1. If the
DS18B20 is configured for 12-bit resolution, all bits in the temperature register will contain valid data.
For 11-bit resolution, bit 0 is undefined. For 10-bit resolution, bits 1 and 0 are undefined, and for 9-bit
resolution bits 2, 1, and 0 are undefined. Table 1 gives examples of digital output data and the
corresponding temperature reading for 12-bit resolution conversions.
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DS18B20
Figure 2. Temperature Register Format
LS BYTE
MS BYTE
BIT 7
23
BIT 6
22
BIT 5
21
BIT 4
20
BIT 3
2-1
BIT 2
2-2
BIT 1
2-3
BIT 0
2-4
BIT 15
BIT 14
BIT 13
BIT 12
BIT 11
BIT 10
BIT 9
BIT 8
S
S
S
S
6
S
2
2
5
24
S = SIGN
Table 1. Temperature/Data Relationship
TEMPERATURE (°C)
+125
+85*
+25.0625
+10.125
+0.5
0
-0.5
-10.125
-25.0625
-55
DIGITAL OUTPUT
(BINARY)
0000 0111 1101 0000
0000 0101 0101 0000
0000 0001 1001 0001
0000 0000 1010 0010
0000 0000 0000 1000
0000 0000 0000 0000
1111 1111 1111 1000
1111 1111 0101 1110
1111 1110 0110 1111
1111 1100 1001 0000
DIGITAL OUTPUT
(HEX)
07D0h
0550h
0191h
00A2h
0008h
0000h
FFF8h
FF5Eh
FE6Fh
FC90h
*The power-on reset value of the temperature register is +85°C.
OPERATION—ALARM SIGNALING
After the DS18B20 performs a temperature conversion, the temperature value is compared to the userdefined two’s complement alarm trigger values stored in the 1-byte TH and TL registers (see Figure 3).
The sign bit (S) indicates if the value is positive or negative: for positive numbers S = 0 and for negative
numbers S = 1. The TH and TL registers are nonvolatile (EEPROM) so they will retain data when the
device is powered down. TH and TL can be accessed through bytes 2 and 3 of the scratchpad as explained
in the Memory section.
Figure 3. TH and TL Register Format
BIT 7
S
BIT 6
26
BIT 5
25
BIT 4
25
BIT 3
25
BIT 2
22
BIT 1
21
BIT 0
20
Only bits 11 through 4 of the temperature register are used in the TH and TL comparison since TH and TL
are 8-bit registers. If the measured temperature is lower than or equal to TL or higher than or equal to TH,
an alarm condition exists and an alarm flag is set inside the DS18B20. This flag is updated after every
temperature measurement; therefore, if the alarm condition goes away, the flag will be turned off after the
next temperature conversion.
4 of 22
DS18B20
The master device can check the alarm flag status of all DS18B20s on the bus by issuing an Alarm Search
[ECh] command. Any DS18B20s with a set alarm flag will respond to the command, so the master can
determine exactly which DS18B20s have experienced an alarm condition. If an alarm condition exists
and the TH or TL settings have changed, another temperature conversion should be done to validate the
alarm condition.
POWERING THE DS18B20
The DS18B20 can be powered by an external supply on the VDD pin, or it can operate in “parasite power”
mode, which allows the DS18B20 to function without a local external supply. Parasite power is very
useful for applications that require remote temperature sensing or that are very space constrained.
Figure 1 shows the DS18B20’s parasite-power control circuitry, which “steals” power from the 1-Wire
bus via the DQ pin when the bus is high. The stolen charge powers the DS18B20 while the bus is high,
and some of the charge is stored on the parasite power capacitor (CPP) to provide power when the bus is
low. When the DS18B20 is used in parasite power mode, the VDD pin must be connected to ground.
In parasite power mode, the 1-Wire bus and CPP can provide sufficient current to the DS18B20 for most
operations as long as the specified timing and voltage requirements are met (see the DC Electrical
Characteristics and AC Electrical Characteristics). However, when the DS18B20 is performing
temperature conversions or copying data from the scratchpad memory to EEPROM, the operating current
can be as high as 1.5mA. This current can cause an unacceptable voltage drop across the weak 1-Wire
pullup resistor and is more current than can be supplied by CPP. To assure that the DS18B20 has sufficient
supply current, it is necessary to provide a strong pullup on the 1-Wire bus whenever temperature
conversions are taking place or data is being copied from the scratchpad to EEPROM. This can be
accomplished by using a MOSFET to pull the bus directly to the rail as shown in Figure 4. The 1-Wire
bus must be switched to the strong pullup within 10μs (max) after a Convert T [44h] or Copy Scratchpad
[48h] command is issued, and the bus must be held high by the pullup for the duration of the conversion
(tCONV) or data transfer (tWR = 10ms). No other activity can take place on the 1-Wire bus while the pullup
is enabled.
The DS18B20 can also be powered by the conventional method of connecting an external power supply
to the VDD pin, as shown in Figure 5. The advantage of this method is that the MOSFET pullup is not
required, and the 1-Wire bus is free to carry other traffic during the temperature conversion time.
The use of parasite power is not recommended for temperatures above +100°C since the DS18B20 may
not be able to sustain communications due to the higher leakage currents that can exist at these
temperatures. For applications in which such temperatures are likely, it is strongly recommended that the
DS18B20 be powered by an external power supply.
In some situations the bus master may not know whether the DS18B20s on the bus are parasite powered
or powered by external supplies. The master needs this information to determine if the strong bus pullup
should be used during temperature conversions. To get this information, the master can issue a Skip ROM
[CCh] command followed by a Read Power Supply [B4h] command followed by a “read time slot”.
During the read time slot, parasite powered DS18B20s will pull the bus low, and externally powered
DS18B20s will let the bus remain high. If the bus is pulled low, the master knows that it must supply the
strong pullup on the 1-Wire bus during temperature conversions.
5 of 22
DS18B20
Figure 4. Supplying the Parasite-Powered DS18B20 During Temperature Conversions
VPU
DS18B20
GND DQ VDD
VPU
μP
4.7k
TO OTHER
1-WIRE DEVICES
1-Wire BUS
Figure 5. Powering the DS18B20 with an External Supply
DS18B20
VPU
μP
VDD (EXTERNAL SUPPLY)
GND DQ VDD
4.7k
TO OTHER
1-WIRE DEVICES
1-Wire BUS
64-BIT LASERED ROM CODE
Each DS18B20 contains a unique 64–bit code (see Figure 6) stored in ROM. The least significant 8 bits
of the ROM code contain the DS18B20’s 1-Wire family code: 28h. The next 48 bits contain a unique
serial number. The most significant 8 bits contain a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) byte that is
calculated from the first 56 bits of the ROM code. A detailed explanation of the CRC bits is provided in
the CRC Generation section. The 64-bit ROM code and associated ROM function control logic allow the
DS18B20 to operate as a 1-Wire device using the protocol detailed in the 1-Wire Bus System section.
Figure 6. 64-Bit Lasered ROM Code
8-BIT CRC
MSB
48-BIT SERIAL NUMBER
LSB
MSB
8-BIT FAMILY CODE (28h)
LSB
6 of 22
MSB
LSB
DS18B20
MEMORY
The DS18B20’s memory is organized as shown in Figure 7. The memory consists of an SRAM
scratchpad with nonvolatile EEPROM storage for the high and low alarm trigger registers (TH and TL)
and configuration register. Note that if the DS18B20 alarm function is not used, the TH and TL registers
can serve as general-purpose memory. All memory commands are described in detail in the DS18B20
Function Commands section.
Byte 0 and byte 1 of the scratchpad contain the LSB and the MSB of the temperature register,
respectively. These bytes are read-only. Bytes 2 and 3 provide access to TH and TL registers. Byte 4
contains the configuration register data, which is explained in detail in the Configuration Register section.
Bytes 5, 6, and 7 are reserved for internal use by the device and cannot be overwritten.
Byte 8 of the scratchpad is read-only and contains the CRC code for bytes 0 through 7 of the scratchpad.
The DS18B20 generates this CRC using the method described in the CRC Generation section.
Data is written to bytes 2, 3, and 4 of the scratchpad using the Write Scratchpad [4Eh] command; the data
must be transmitted to the DS18B20 starting with the least significant bit of byte 2. To verify data
integrity, the scratchpad can be read (using the Read Scratchpad [BEh] command) after the data is
written. When reading the scratchpad, data is transferred over the 1-Wire bus starting with the least
significant bit of byte 0. To transfer the TH, TL and configuration data from the scratchpad to EEPROM,
the master must issue the Copy Scratchpad [48h] command.
Data in the EEPROM registers is retained when the device is powered down; at power-up the EEPROM
data is reloaded into the corresponding scratchpad locations. Data can also be reloaded from EEPROM to
2
the scratchpad at any time using the Recall E [B8h] command. The master can issue read time slots
following the Recall E2 command and the DS18B20 will indicate the status of the recall by transmitting 0
while the recall is in progress and 1 when the recall is done.
Figure 7. DS18B20 Memory Map
SCRATCHPAD
(POWER-UP STATE)
Byte 0 Temperature LSB (50h)
(85°C)
Byte 1 Temperature MSB (05h)
EEPROM
Byte 2 TH Register or User Byte 1*
TH Register or User Byte 1
Byte 3 TL Register or User Byte 2*
TL Register or User Byte 2
Byte 4 Configuration Register*
Configuration Register
Byte 5 Reserved (FFh)
Byte 6 Reserved
Byte 7 Reserved (10h)
Byte 8 CRC*
*Power-up state depends on value(s) stored in EEPROM.
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DS18B20
CONFIGURATION REGISTER
Byte 4 of the scratchpad memory contains the configuration register, which is organized as illustrated in
Figure 8. The user can set the conversion resolution of the DS18B20 using the R0 and R1 bits in this
register as shown in Table 2. The power-up default of these bits is R0 = 1 and R1 = 1 (12-bit resolution).
Note that there is a direct tradeoff between resolution and conversion time. Bit 7 and bits 0 to 4 in the
configuration register are reserved for internal use by the device and cannot be overwritten.
Figure 8. Configuration Register
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
0
R1
R0
1
1
1
1
1
Table 2. Thermometer Resolution Configuration
R1
R0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
RESOLUTION
(BITS)
9
10
11
12
MAX CONVERSION
TIME
93.75ms
(tCONV/8)
187.5ms
(tCONV/4)
375ms
(tCONV/2)
750ms
(tCONV)
CRC GENERATION
CRC bytes are provided as part of the DS18B20’s 64-bit ROM code and in the 9th byte of the scratchpad
memory. The ROM code CRC is calculated from the first 56 bits of the ROM code and is contained in the
most significant byte of the ROM. The scratchpad CRC is calculated from the data stored in the
scratchpad, and therefore it changes when the data in the scratchpad changes. The CRCs provide the bus
master with a method of data validation when data is read from the DS18B20. To verify that data has
been read correctly, the bus master must re-calculate the CRC from the received data and then compare
this value to either the ROM code CRC (for ROM reads) or to the scratchpad CRC (for scratchpad reads).
If the calculated CRC matches the read CRC, the data has been received error free. The comparison of
CRC values and the decision to continue with an operation are determined entirely by the bus master.
There is no circuitry inside the DS18B20 that prevents a command sequence from proceeding if the
DS18B20 CRC (ROM or scratchpad) does not match the value generated by the bus master.
The equivalent polynomial function of the CRC (ROM or scratchpad) is:
CRC = X8 + X5 + X4 + 1
The bus master can re-calculate the CRC and compare it to the CRC values from the DS18B20 using the
polynomial generator shown in Figure 9. This circuit consists of a shift register and XOR gates, and the
shift register bits are initialized to 0. Starting with the least significant bit of the ROM code or the least
significant bit of byte 0 in the scratchpad, one bit at a time should shifted into the shift register. After
shifting in the 56th bit from the ROM or the most significant bit of byte 7 from the scratchpad, the
polynomial generator will contain the re-calculated CRC. Next, the 8-bit ROM code or scratchpad CRC
from the DS18B20 must be shifted into the circuit. At this point, if the re-calculated CRC was correct, the
shift register will contain all 0s. Additional information about the Maxim 1-Wire cyclic redundancy check
8 of 22
DS18B20
is available in Application Note 27: Understanding and Using Cyclic Redundancy Checks with Maxim
iButton Products.
Figure 9. CRC Generator
INPUT
XOR
XOR
XOR
(MSB)
(LSB)
1-WIRE BUS SYSTEM
The 1-Wire bus system uses a single bus master to control one or more slave devices. The DS18B20 is
always a slave. When there is only one slave on the bus, the system is referred to as a “single-drop”
system; the system is “multidrop” if there are multiple slaves on the bus.
All data and commands are transmitted least significant bit first over the 1-Wire bus.
The following discussion of the 1-Wire bus system is broken down into three topics: hardware
configuration, transaction sequence, and 1-Wire signaling (signal types and timing).
HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
The 1-Wire bus has by definition only a single data line. Each device (master or slave) interfaces to the
data line via an open-drain or 3-state port. This allows each device to “release” the data line when the
device is not transmitting data so the bus is available for use by another device. The 1-Wire port of the
DS18B20 (the DQ pin) is open drain with an internal circuit equivalent to that shown in Figure 10.
The 1-Wire bus requires an external pullup resistor of approximately 5kΩ; thus, the idle state for the
1-Wire bus is high. If for any reason a transaction needs to be suspended, the bus MUST be left in the idle
state if the transaction is to resume. Infinite recovery time can occur between bits so long as the 1-Wire
bus is in the inactive (high) state during the recovery period. If the bus is held low for more than 480μs,
all components on the bus will be reset.
Figure 10. Hardware Configuration
VPU
DS18B20 1-Wire PORT
4.7k
Rx
1-Wire BUS
DQ
PIN
Rx
5μA
TYP
TX
100Ω
MOSFET
Tx
Rx = RECEIVE
Tx = TRANSMIT
9 of 22
DS18B20
TRANSACTION SEQUENCE
The transaction sequence for accessing the DS18B20 is as follows:
Step 1. Initialization
Step 2. ROM Command (followed by any required data exchange)
Step 3. DS18B20 Function Command (followed by any required data exchange)
It is very important to follow this sequence every time the DS18B20 is accessed, as the DS18B20 will not
respond if any steps in the sequence are missing or out of order. Exceptions to this rule are the Search
ROM [F0h] and Alarm Search [ECh] commands. After issuing either of these ROM commands, the
master must return to Step 1 in the sequence.
INITIALIZATION
All transactions on the 1-Wire bus begin with an initialization sequence. The initialization sequence
consists of a reset pulse transmitted by the bus master followed by presence pulse(s) transmitted by the
slave(s). The presence pulse lets the bus master know that slave devices (such as the DS18B20) are on the
bus and are ready to operate. Timing for the reset and presence pulses is detailed in the 1-Wire Signaling
section.
ROM COMMANDS
After the bus master has detected a presence pulse, it can issue a ROM command. These commands
operate on the unique 64-bit ROM codes of each slave device and allow the master to single out a specific
device if many are present on the 1-Wire bus. These commands also allow the master to determine how
many and what types of devices are present on the bus or if any device has experienced an alarm
condition. There are five ROM commands, and each command is 8 bits long. The master device must
issue an appropriate ROM command before issuing a DS18B20 function command. A flowchart for
operation of the ROM commands is shown in Figure 11.
SEARCH ROM [F0h]
When a system is initially powered up, the master must identify the ROM codes of all slave devices on
the bus, which allows the master to determine the number of slaves and their device types. The master
learns the ROM codes through a process of elimination that requires the master to perform a Search ROM
cycle (i.e., Search ROM command followed by data exchange) as many times as necessary to identify all
of the slave devices. If there is only one slave on the bus, the simpler Read ROM command (see below)
can be used in place of the Search ROM process. For a detailed explanation of the Search ROM
procedure, refer to the iButton® Book of Standards at www.maxim-ic.com/ibuttonbook. After every
Search ROM cycle, the bus master must return to Step 1 (Initialization) in the transaction sequence.
READ ROM [33h]
This command can only be used when there is one slave on the bus. It allows the bus master to read the
slave’s 64-bit ROM code without using the Search ROM procedure. If this command is used when there
is more than one slave present on the bus, a data collision will occur when all the slaves attempt to
respond at the same time.
MATCH ROM [55h]
The match ROM command followed by a 64-bit ROM code sequence allows the bus master to address a
specific slave device on a multidrop or single-drop bus. Only the slave that exactly matches the 64-bit
ROM code sequence will respond to the function command issued by the master; all other slaves on the
bus will wait for a reset pulse.
iButton is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
10 of 22
DS18B20
SKIP ROM [CCh]
The master can use this command to address all devices on the bus simultaneously without sending out
any ROM code information. For example, the master can make all DS18B20s on the bus perform
simultaneous temperature conversions by issuing a Skip ROM command followed by a Convert T [44h]
command.
Note that the Read Scratchpad [BEh] command can follow the Skip ROM command only if there is a
single slave device on the bus. In this case, time is saved by allowing the master to read from the slave
without sending the device’s 64-bit ROM code. A Skip ROM command followed by a Read Scratchpad
command will cause a data collision on the bus if there is more than one slave since multiple devices will
attempt to transmit data simultaneously.
ALARM SEARCH [ECh]
The operation of this command is identical to the operation of the Search ROM command except that
only slaves with a set alarm flag will respond. This command allows the master device to determine if
any DS18B20s experienced an alarm condition during the most recent temperature conversion. After
every Alarm Search cycle (i.e., Alarm Search command followed by data exchange), the bus master must
return to Step 1 (Initialization) in the transaction sequence. See the Operation—Alarm Signaling section
for an explanation of alarm flag operation.
DS18B20 FUNCTION COMMANDS
After the bus master has used a ROM command to address the DS18B20 with which it wishes to
communicate, the master can issue one of the DS18B20 function commands. These commands allow the
master to write to and read from the DS18B20’s scratchpad memory, initiate temperature conversions and
determine the power supply mode. The DS18B20 function commands, which are described below, are
summarized in Table 3 and illustrated by the flowchart in Figure 12.
CONVERT T [44h]
This command initiates a single temperature conversion. Following the conversion, the resulting thermal
data is stored in the 2-byte temperature register in the scratchpad memory and the DS18B20 returns to its
low-power idle state. If the device is being used in parasite power mode, within 10μs (max) after this
command is issued the master must enable a strong pullup on the 1-Wire bus for the duration of the
conversion (tCONV) as described in the Powering the DS18B20 section. If the DS18B20 is powered by an
external supply, the master can issue read time slots after the Convert T command and the DS18B20 will
respond by transmitting a 0 while the temperature conversion is in progress and a 1 when the conversion
is done. In parasite power mode this notification technique cannot be used since the bus is pulled high by
the strong pullup during the conversion.
WRITE SCRATCHPAD [4Eh]
This command allows the master to write 3 bytes of data to the DS18B20’s scratchpad. The first data byte
is written into the TH register (byte 2 of the scratchpad), the second byte is written into the TL register
(byte 3), and the third byte is written into the configuration register (byte 4). Data must be transmitted
least significant bit first. All three bytes MUST be written before the master issues a reset, or the data
may be corrupted.
READ SCRATCHPAD [BEh]
This command allows the master to read the contents of the scratchpad. The data transfer starts with the
least significant bit of byte 0 and continues through the scratchpad until the 9th byte (byte 8 – CRC) is
read. The master may issue a reset to terminate reading at any time if only part of the scratchpad data is
needed.
11 of 22
DS18B20
COPY SCRATCHPAD [48h]
This command copies the contents of the scratchpad TH, TL and configuration registers (bytes 2, 3 and 4)
to EEPROM. If the device is being used in parasite power mode, within 10μs (max) after this command is
issued the master must enable a strong pullup on the 1-Wire bus for at least 10ms as described in the
Powering the DS18B20 section.
RECALL E2 [B8h]
This command recalls the alarm trigger values (TH and TL) and configuration data from EEPROM and
places the data in bytes 2, 3, and 4, respectively, in the scratchpad memory. The master device can issue
read time slots following the Recall E2 command and the DS18B20 will indicate the status of the recall by
transmitting 0 while the recall is in progress and 1 when the recall is done. The recall operation happens
automatically at power-up, so valid data is available in the scratchpad as soon as power is applied to the
device.
READ POWER SUPPLY [B4h]
The master device issues this command followed by a read time slot to determine if any DS18B20s on the
bus are using parasite power. During the read time slot, parasite powered DS18B20s will pull the bus
low, and externally powered DS18B20s will let the bus remain high. See the Powering the DS18B20
section for usage information for this command.
Table 3. DS18B20 Function Command Set
1-Wire BUS
COMMAND
DESCRIPTION
PROTOCOL
ACTIVITYAFTER
COMMAND IS ISSUED
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION COMMANDS
Convert T
Initiates temperature
DS18B20 transmits
conversion.
conversion status to master
44h
(not applicable for parasitepowered DS18B20s).
MEMORY COMMANDS
Read
Reads the entire scratchpad
DS18B20 transmits up to 9
BEh
Scratchpad
including the CRC byte.
data bytes to master.
Write
Writes data into scratchpad
Master transmits 3 data bytes
Scratchpad
bytes 2, 3, and 4 (TH, TL,
to DS18B20.
4Eh
and configuration
registers).
Copy
Copies TH, TL, and
None
Scratchpad
configuration register data
48h
from the scratchpad to
EEPROM.
2
Recalls TH, TL, and
DS18B20 transmits recall
Recall E
configuration register data
status to master.
B8h
from EEPROM to the
scratchpad.
Read Power
Signals DS18B20 power
DS18B20 transmits supply
B4h
Supply
supply mode to the master.
status to master.
Note 1:
Note 2:
Note 3:
NOTES
1
2
3
1
For parasite-powered DS18B20s, the master must enable a strong pullup on the 1-Wire bus during temperature
conversions and copies from the scratchpad to EEPROM. No other bus activity may take place during this time.
The master can interrupt the transmission of data at any time by issuing a reset.
All three bytes must be written before a reset is issued.
12 of 22
DS18B20
Figure 11. ROM Commands Flowchart
Initialization
Sequence
MASTER TX
RESET PULSE
DS18B20 TX
PRESENCE
PULSE
MASTER TX ROM
COMMAND
33h
READ ROM
COMMAND
Y
N
55h
MATCH ROM
COMMAND
F0h
SEARCH ROM
COMMAND
N
Y
Y
N
ECh
ALARM SEARCH
COMMAND
N
Y
Y
MASTER TX
BIT 0
DS18B20 TX BIT 0
DS18B20 TX BIT 0
DS18B20 TX BIT 0
DS18B20 TX BIT 0
MASTER TX BIT 0
MASTER TX BIT 0
BIT 0
MATCH?
DEVICE(S)
WITH ALARM
FLAG SET?
DS18B20 TX
FAMILY CODE
1 BYTE
N
BIT 0
MATCH?
DS18B20 TX
SERIAL NUMBER
6 BYTES
N
Y
Y
Y
DS18B20 TX BIT 1
DS18B20 TX
CRC BYTE
MASTER TX
BIT 1
DS18B20 TX BIT 1
MASTER TX BIT 1
N
N
BIT 1
MATCH?
BIT 1
MATCH?
Y
Y
DS18B20 TX BIT 63
MASTER TX
BIT 63
DS18B20 TX BIT 63
MASTER TX BIT 63
N
BIT 63
MATCH?
Y
N
BIT 63
MATCH?
Y
MASTER TX
FUNCTION
COMMAND
(FIGURE 12)
13 of 22
CCh
SKIP ROM
COMMAND
N
N
DS18B20
Figure 12. DS18B20 Function Commands Flowchart
44h
CONVERT
TEMPERATURE
?
MASTER TX
FUNCTION
COMMAND
48h
COPY
SCRATCHPAD
?
N
Y
Y
N
PARASITE
POWER
?
DS18B20 BEGINS
CONVERSION
Y
N
DATA COPIED FROM
SCRATCHPAD TO EEPROM
B4h
READ
POWER SUPPLY
?
PARASITE
POWERED
?
N
MASTER DISABLES
STRONG PULLUP
Y
MASTER
RX “0s”
MASTER
RX “1s”
N
B8h
RECALL E2
?
MASTER
RX “1s”
BEh
READ
SCRATCHPAD
?
N
Y
Y
N
COPY IN
PROGRESS
?
MASTER DISABLES
STRONG PULLUP
MASTER
RX “0s”
Y
MASTER ENABLES
STRONG PULL-UP ON DQ
N
Y
N
PARASITE
POWER
?
MASTER ENABLES
STRONG PULLUP ON DQ
DS18B20 CONVERTS
TEMPERATURE
DEVICE
CONVERTING
TEMPERATURE
?
N
N
Y
Y
MASTER TX TH BYTE
TO SCRATCHPAD
MASTER RX DATA BYTE
FROM SCRATCHPAD
Y
MASTER BEGINS DATA
RECALL FROM E2 PROM
4Eh
WRITE
SCRATCHPAD
?
MASTER TX TL BYTE
TO SCRATCHPAD
MASTER
RX “1s”
MASTER
RX “0s”
MASTER
TX RESET
?
DEVICE
BUSY RECALLING
DATA
?
N
N
N
Y
MASTER
RX “0s”
Y
MASTER
RX “1s”
HAVE 8 BYTES
BEEN READ
?
Y
MASTER RX SCRATCHPAD
CRC BYTE
RETURN TO INITIALIZATION
SEQUENCE (FIGURE 11) FOR
NEXT TRANSACTION
14 of 22
MASTER TX CONFIG. BYTE
TO SCRATCHPAD
DS18B20
1-WIRE SIGNALING
The DS18B20 uses a strict 1-Wire communication protocol to ensure data integrity. Several signal types
are defined by this protocol: reset pulse, presence pulse, write 0, write 1, read 0, and read 1. The bus
master initiates all these signals, with the exception of the presence pulse.
INITIALIZATION PROCEDURE—RESET AND PRESENCE PULSES
All communication with the DS18B20 begins with an initialization sequence that consists of a reset pulse
from the master followed by a presence pulse from the DS18B20. This is illustrated in Figure 13. When
the DS18B20 sends the presence pulse in response to the reset, it is indicating to the master that it is on
the bus and ready to operate.
During the initialization sequence the bus master transmits (TX) the reset pulse by pulling the 1-Wire bus
low for a minimum of 480μs. The bus master then releases the bus and goes into receive mode (RX).
When the bus is released, the 5kΩ pullup resistor pulls the 1-Wire bus high. When the DS18B20 detects
this rising edge, it waits 15μs to 60μs and then transmits a presence pulse by pulling the 1-Wire bus low
for 60μs to 240μs.
Figure 13. Initialization Timing
MASTER TX RESET PULSE
MASTER RX
480μs minimum
DS18B20 TX
presence pulse
60-240μs
480μs minimum
VPU
DS18B20
waits 15-60μs
1-WIRE BUS
GND
LINE TYPE LEGEND
Bus master pulling low
DS18B20 pulling low
Resistor pullup
READ/WRITE TIME SLOTS
The bus master writes data to the DS18B20 during write time slots and reads data from the DS18B20
during read time slots. One bit of data is transmitted over the 1-Wire bus per time slot.
WRITE TIME SLOTS
There are two types of write time slots: “Write 1” time slots and “Write 0” time slots. The bus master
uses a Write 1 time slot to write a logic 1 to the DS18B20 and a Write 0 time slot to write a logic 0 to the
DS18B20. All write time slots must be a minimum of 60μs in duration with a minimum of a 1μs recovery
time between individual write slots. Both types of write time slots are initiated by the master pulling the
1-Wire bus low (see Figure 14).
To generate a Write 1 time slot, after pulling the 1-Wire bus low, the bus master must release the 1-Wire
bus within 15μs. When the bus is released, the 5kΩ pullup resistor will pull the bus high. To generate a
Write 0 time slot, after pulling the 1-Wire bus low, the bus master must continue to hold the bus low for
the duration of the time slot (at least 60μs).
15 of 22
DS18B20
The DS18B20 samples the 1-Wire bus during a window that lasts from 15μs to 60μs after the master
initiates the write time slot. If the bus is high during the sampling window, a 1 is written to the DS18B20.
If the line is low, a 0 is written to the DS18B20.
Figure 14. Read/Write Time Slot Timing Diagram
START
OF SLOT
START
OF SLOT
MASTER WRITE “0” SLOT
MASTER WRITE “1” SLOT
1μs < TREC < ∞
60μs < TX “0” < 120μs
> 1μs
VPU
1-WIRE BUS
GND
DS18B20 Samples
MIN
15μs
15μs
DS18B20 Samples
TYP
MAX
MIN
15μs
30μs
MASTER READ “0” SLOT
TYP
15μs
MAX
30μs
MASTER READ “1” SLOT
1μs < TREC < ∞
VPU
1-WIRE BUS
GND
> 1 μs
Master samples
Master samples
> 1μs
15μs
45μs
15μs
LINE TYPE LEGEND
Bus master pulling low
DS18B20 pulling low
Resistor pullup
READ TIME SLOTS
The DS18B20 can only transmit data to the master when the master issues read time slots. Therefore, the
master must generate read time slots immediately after issuing a Read Scratchpad [BEh] or Read Power
Supply [B4h] command, so that the DS18B20 can provide the requested data. In addition, the master can
generate read time slots after issuing Convert T [44h] or Recall E2 [B8h] commands to find out the status
of the operation as explained in the DS18B20 Function Commands section.
All read time slots must be a minimum of 60μs in duration with a minimum of a 1μs recovery time
between slots. A read time slot is initiated by the master device pulling the 1-Wire bus low for a
minimum of 1μs and then releasing the bus (see Figure 14). After the master initiates the read time slot,
the DS18B20 will begin transmitting a 1 or 0 on bus. The DS18B20 transmits a 1 by leaving the bus high
and transmits a 0 by pulling the bus low. When transmitting a 0, the DS18B20 will release the bus by the
end of the time slot, and the bus will be pulled back to its high idle state by the pullup resister. Output
16 of 22
DS18B20
data from the DS18B20 is valid for 15μs after the falling edge that initiated the read time slot. Therefore,
the master must release the bus and then sample the bus state within 15μs from the start of the slot.
Figure 15 illustrates that the sum of TINIT, TRC, and TSAMPLE must be less than 15μs for a read time slot.
Figure 16 shows that system timing margin is maximized by keeping TINIT and TRC as short as possible
and by locating the master sample time during read time slots towards the end of the 15μs period.
Figure 15. Detailed Master Read 1 Timing
VPU
VIH of Master
1-WIRE BUS
GND
TINT > 1μs
TRC
Master samples
15μs
Figure 16. Recommended Master Read 1 Timing
VPU
VIH of Master
1-WIRE BUS
GND
Master samples
TINT = TRC =
small small
15μs
LINE TYPE LEGEND
Bus master pulling low
Resistor pullup
RELATED APPLICATION NOTES
The following application notes can be applied to the DS18B20 and are available on our website at
www.maxim-ic.com.
Application Note 27: Understanding and Using Cyclic Redundancy Checks with Maxim iButton Products
Application Note 122: Using Dallas' 1-Wire ICs in 1-Cell Li-Ion Battery Packs with Low-Side N-Channel
Safety FETs Master
Application Note 126: 1-Wire Communication Through Software
Application Note 162: Interfacing the DS18x20/DS1822 1-Wire Temperature Sensor in a Microcontroller
Environment
Application Note 208: Curve Fitting the Error of a Bandgap-Based Digital Temperature Sensor
Application Note 2420: 1-Wire Communication with a Microchip PICmicro Microcontroller
Application Note 3754: Single-Wire Serial Bus Carries Isolated Power and Data
Sample 1-Wire subroutines that can be used in conjunction with Application Note 74: Reading and
Writing iButtons via Serial Interfaces can be downloaded from the Maxim website.
17 of 22
DS18B20
DS18B20 OPERATION EXAMPLE 1
In this example there are multiple DS18B20s on the bus and they are using parasite power. The bus
master initiates a temperature conversion in a specific DS18B20 and then reads its scratchpad and
recalculates the CRC to verify the data.
MASTER MODE
Tx
Rx
Tx
Tx
Tx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Tx
Tx
DATA (LSB FIRST)
Reset
Presence
55h
64-bit ROM code
44h
DQ line held high by
strong pullup
Reset
Presence
55h
64-bit ROM code
BEh
Rx
9 data bytes
Tx
COMMENTS
Master issues reset pulse.
DS18B20s respond with presence pulse.
Master issues Match ROM command.
Master sends DS18B20 ROM code.
Master issues Convert T command.
Master applies strong pullup to DQ for the duration of the
conversion (tCONV).
Master issues reset pulse.
DS18B20s respond with presence pulse.
Master issues Match ROM command.
Master sends DS18B20 ROM code.
Master issues Read Scratchpad command.
Master reads entire scratchpad including CRC. The master
then recalculates the CRC of the first eight data bytes from the
scratchpad and compares the calculated CRC with the read
CRC (byte 9). If they match, the master continues; if not, the
read operation is repeated.
DS18B20 OPERATION EXAMPLE 2
In this example there is only one DS18B20 on the bus and it is using parasite power. The master writes to
the TH, TL, and configuration registers in the DS18B20 scratchpad and then reads the scratchpad and
recalculates the CRC to verify the data. The master then copies the scratchpad contents to EEPROM.
MASTER MODE
Tx
Rx
Tx
Tx
Tx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Tx
DATA (LSB FIRST)
Reset
Presence
CCh
4Eh
3 data bytes
Reset
Presence
CCh
BEh
Rx
9 data bytes
Tx
Rx
Tx
Tx
Reset
Presence
CCh
48h
DQ line held high by
strong pullup
Tx
COMMENTS
Master issues reset pulse.
DS18B20 responds with presence pulse.
Master issues Skip ROM command.
Master issues Write Scratchpad command.
Master sends three data bytes to scratchpad (TH, TL, and config).
Master issues reset pulse.
DS18B20 responds with presence pulse.
Master issues Skip ROM command.
Master issues Read Scratchpad command.
Master reads entire scratchpad including CRC. The master then
recalculates the CRC of the first eight data bytes from the
scratchpad and compares the calculated CRC with the read CRC
(byte 9). If they match, the master continues; if not, the read
operation is repeated.
Master issues reset pulse.
DS18B20 responds with presence pulse.
Master issues Skip ROM command.
Master issues Copy Scratchpad command.
Master applies strong pullup to DQ for at least 10ms while copy
operation is in progress.
18 of 22
DS18B20
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Voltage Range on Any Pin Relative to Ground.....................................................................-0.5V to +6.0V
Operating Temperature Range...........................................................................................-55°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature Range ..............................................................................................-55°C to +125°C
Solder Temperature .......................................................Refer to the IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 Specification.
These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions
above those indicated in the operation sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PARAMETER
Supply Voltage
Pullup Supply
Voltage
Thermometer
Error
Input Logic-Low
SYMBOL
VDD
VPU
tERR
VIL
CONDITIONS MIN
Local Power
+3.0
Parasite Power
+3.0
Local Power
+3.0
-10°C to +85°C
-55°C to +125°C
-0.3
Local Power
Input Logic-High
Sink Current
Standby Current
Active Current
DQ Input Current
Drift
(-55°C to +125°C; VDD=3.0V to 5.5V)
TYP
+2.2
VIH
IL
IDDS
IDD
IDQ
Parasite Power
+3.0
VI/O = 0.4V
4.0
750
1
5
±0.2
VDD = 5V
MAX
+5.5
+5.5
VDD
±0.5
±2
+0.8
The lower of
5.5
or
VDD + 0.3
1000
1.5
UNITS NOTES
V
1
V
1,2
°C
3
V
1,4,5
V
1, 6
mA
nA
mA
μA
°C
1
7,8
9
10
11
NOTES:
1) All voltages are referenced to ground.
2) The Pullup Supply Voltage specification assumes that the pullup device is ideal, and therefore the
high level of the pullup is equal to VPU. In order to meet the VIH spec of the DS18B20, the actual
supply rail for the strong pullup transistor must include margin for the voltage drop across the
transistor when it is turned on; thus: VPU_ACTUAL = VPU_IDEAL + VTRANSISTOR.
3) See typical performance curve in Figure 17.
4) Logic-low voltages are specified at a sink current of 4mA.
5) To guarantee a presence pulse under low voltage parasite power conditions, VILMAX may have to be
reduced to as low as 0.5V.
6) Logic-high voltages are specified at a source current of 1mA.
7) Standby current specified up to +70°C. Standby current typically is 3μA at +125°C.
8) To minimize IDDS, DQ should be within the following ranges: GND ≤ DQ ≤ GND + 0.3V or
VDD – 0.3V ≤ DQ ≤ VDD.
9) Active current refers to supply current during active temperature conversions or EEPROM writes.
10) DQ line is high (“high-Z” state).
11) Drift data is based on a 1000-hour stress test at +125°C with VDD = 5.5V.
19 of 22
DS18B20
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—NV MEMORY
(-55°C to +100°C; VDD = 3.0V to 5.5V)
PARAMETER
NV Write Cycle Time
EEPROM Writes
EEPROM Data Retention
SYMBOL
tWR
NEEWR
tEEDR
CONDITIONS
-55°C to +55°C
-55°C to +55°C
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
Temperature Conversion
Time
tCONV
Time to Strong Pullup On
tSPON
Time Slot
Recovery Time
Write 0 Low Time
Write 1 Low Time
Read Data Valid
Reset Time High
Reset Time Low
Presence-Detect High
Presence-Detect Low
Capacitance
tSLOT
tREC
tLOW0
tLOW1
tRDV
tRSTH
tRSTL
tPDHIGH
tPDLOW
CIN/OUT
MIN
TYP
2
MAX
10
50k
10
(-55°C to +125°C; VDD = 3.0V to 5.5V)
CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX
9-bit resolution
93.75
10-bit resolution
187.5
11-bit resolution
375
12-bit resolution
750
Start Convert T
10
Command Issued
60
120
1
60
120
1
15
15
480
480
15
60
60
240
25
UNITS
NOTES
ms
1
μs
μs
μs
μs
μs
μs
μs
μs
μs
μs
pF
NOTES:
1) See the timing diagrams in Figure 18.
2) Under parasite power, if tRSTL > 960μs, a power-on reset may occur.
Figure 17. Typical Performance Curve
Thermometer Error (°C)
DS18B20 Typical Error Curve
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
+3s Error
0
10
20
UNITS
ms
writes
years
30
40
50
60
Mean Error
-3s Error
Temperature (°C)
20 of 22
70
1
1
1
1
1
1
1,2
1
1
DS18B20
Figure 18. Timing Diagrams
21 of 22
DS18B20
REVISION HISTORY
REVISION
DATE
030107
101207
042208
DESCRIPTION
In the Absolute Maximum Ratings section, removed the reflow oven
temperature value of +220°C. Reference to JEDEC specification for reflow
remains.
In the Operation—Alarm Signaling section, added “or equal to” in the
desciption for a TH alarm condition
In the Memory section, removed incorrect text describing memory.
In the Configuration Register section, removed incorrect text describing
configuration register.
In the Ordering Information table, added TO-92 straight-lead packages and
included a note that the TO-92 package in tape and reel can be ordered with
either formed or straight leads.
PAGES
CHANGED
19
5
7
8
2
22 of 22
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No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
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