Freescale Semiconductor Technical Data MC145018 Rev 4, 05/2005 Low-Power CMOS Ionization Smoke Detector IC with Interconnect and Temporal Horn Driver MC145018 IONIZATION SMOKE DETECTOR IC WITH INTERCONNECT AND TEMPORAL HORN DRIVER The MC145018, when used with an ionization chamber and a small number of external components, will detect smoke. When smoke is sensed, an alarm is sounded via an external piezoelectric transducer and internal drivers. This circuit is designed to operate in smoke detector systems that comply with UL217 and UL268 specifications. Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • Ionization Type with On-Chip FET Input Comparator Piezoelectric Horn Driver Guard Outputs on Both Sides of Detect Input Input-Protection Diodes on the Detect Input Low-Battery Trip Point, Internally Set, can be Altered Via External Resistor Detect Threshold, Internally Set, can be Altered Via External Resistor Pulse Testing for Low Battery Uses LED for Battery Loading Comparator Output for Detect Internal Reverse Battery Protection Strobe Output for External Trim Resistors I/O Pin Allows Up to 40 Units to be Connected for Common Signaling Supports NFPA 72, ANSi 53.41, and ISO 8201 Audible Emergency Evacuation Signals Power-On Reset Places IC in Standby Mode ORDERING INFORMATION Device Case No. Package MC145018P 648-08 Plastic Dip © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2005. All rights reserved. P SUFFIX PLASTIC DIP CASE 648-08 Detect Comp. Out 1 16 Guard Hi-z I/O 2 15 Detect Input Low V Set 3 14 Guard Lo-Z Strobe Out 4 13 Sensitivity Set LED 5 12 OSC Capacitor VDD Timing Resistor 6 11 Silver 7 10 Brass Feedback 8 9 VSS Figure 1. Pin Assignment To Other Units VDD VDD I/O Feedback 8 2 45 K Low V Set 3 Detect Comp. Out 1 11 - 280 K 13 Sensitivity Set Low Battery Comparator + + 10 Detect Comparator Strobe Out 15 4 Guard Amp + Power-on Reset Detect Input Lo-Z 14 Brass Alarm Logic 325 K Silver VDD HI-Z OSC And Timing 16 - 5 LED VDD = Pin 6 VSS = Pin 9 12 7 VDD Figure 2. Block Diagram Table 1. Maximum Ratings(1) (Voltages referenced to VSS) Symbol Value Unit DC Supply Voltage Rating VDD –0.5 to + 15 V Input Voltage, All Inputs Except Pin 8 Vin –0.25 to VDD + 0.25 V DC Current Drain per Input Pin, Except Pin 15 = 1 mA I 10 mA DC Current Drain per Output Pin I 30 mA Operating Temperature Range TA –10 to + 60 °C Storage Temperature Range Tstg –55 to + 125 °C Reverse Battery Time tRB 5.0 s 1. Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. This device contains circuitry to protect the inputs against damage due to high static voltages or electric fields; however, it is advised that normal precautions be taken to avoid application of any voltage higher than maximum rated voltages to this high impedance circuit. For proper operation it is recommended that Vin and Vout be constrained to the range VSS ≤ (Vin or Vout) ≤ VDD. MC145018 2 Sensors Freescale Semiconductor Table 2. Recommended Operating Conditions (Voltages referenced to VSS) Parameter Symbol Value Unit VDD 9.0 V Timing Capacitor — 0.1 µF Timing Resistor — 8.2 MΩ Battery Load (Resistor or LED) — 10 mA Supply Voltage Table 3. Electrical Characteristics (Voltages referenced to VSS, TA = 25°C) Symbol VDD VDC Min Typ(1) Max Unit Operating Voltage VDD — 6.0 — 12 V Output Voltage Piezoelectric Horn Drivers (IOH = –16 mA) Comparators (IOH = –30 µA) Piezoelectric Horn Drivers (IOL = + 16 mA) Comparators (IOL = +30 µA) VOH 7.2 9.0 7.2 9.0 6.3 8.5 — — — 8.8 — 0.1 — — 0.9 0.5 Output Voltage - LED Driver, IOL = 10 mA VOL 7.2 — — 3.0 V Output Impedance, Active Guard Pin 14 Pin 16 Lo-Z Hi-Z 9.0 9.0 — — — — 10 1000 kΩ Operating Current (Rbias = 8.2 MΩ) IDD 9.0 12.0 — — 5.0 — 9.0 12.0 µA Input Current - Detect (40% R.H.) Iin 9.0 — — ±1.0 pA Input Current, Pin 8 Iin 9.0 — — ±0.1 µA Input Current @ 50°C, Pin 15 Iin — — — ±6.0 pA Internal Set Voltage Low Battery Sensitivity Vlow Vset 9.0 — 7.2 47 — 50 7.8 53 V %VDD Hysteresis vhys 9.0 75 100 150 mV Offset Voltage (measured at Vin = VDD/2) Active Guard Detect Comparator VOS 9.0 9.0 — — — — ±100 ±50 Input Voltage Range, Pin 8 Vin — VSS –10 — VDD + 10 V Input Capacitance Cin — — 5.0 — pF Common Mode Voltage Range, Pin 15 Vcm — 0.6 — VDD –2 V I/O Current, Pin 2 Input, VIH = VDD –2 Output, VOH = VDD –2 IIH IOH — — 25 –4.0 — — 100 —16 µA mA Characteristic VOL V V mV 1. Data labelled “Typ'' is not to be used for design purposes but is intended as an indication of the IC's potential performance. MC145018 Sensors Freescale Semiconductor 3 Table 4. Timing Parameters (C = 0.1 µF, Rbias = 8.2 MΩ, VDD = 9.0 V, TA = 25°C, See Figure 7) Characteristics Symbol Min Max Units tCI 1.46 37.5 1.85 45.8 s ms tr 10.1 12.3 ms On Time Off Time PWon PWoff 450 450 550 550 ms ms LED Output Between Pulses On Time tLED PWon 35.0 10.1 44.5 12.3 s ms Horn Output (During Low Battery) On Time Between Pulses ton toff 10.1 35.0 12.3 44.5 ms s Oscillator Period No Smoke Smoke Oscillator Rise Time Horn Output (During Smoke) 100.0 10.0 TA = 25°C VDD = 9.0 VDC TA = 25°C ID , Drain Current (mA) ID , Drain Current (mA) 10.0 VDD = 7.2 VDC 1.0 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.0 VDD = 9.0 VDC or 7.2 VDC 0.1 P-CH Source and N-CH Sink Current 0.01 10 0 VDS, Drain To Source Voltage (VDC) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1000.0 10 1000.0 TA = 25°C TA = 25°C VDD = 9.0 Vdc 100.0 ID, Drain Current (mA) ID, Drain Current (mA) 9 Figure 4. Typical Comparator Output I-V Characteristic Figure 3. Typical LED Output I-V Characteristic VDD = 7.2 Vdc 10.0 VDD = 9.0 Vdc 100.0 VDD = 7.2 Vdc 10.0 P-CH Source Current 1.0 0 8 VDS, Drain To Source Voltage (VDC) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 N-CH SInk Current 9 10 1.0 0 VDS, Drain To Source Voltage (Vdc) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 VDS, Drain To Source Voltage (Vdc) Figure 5. Typical P Horn Driver Output I-V Characteristic DEVICE OPERATION Timing The internal oscillator of the MC145018 operates with a period of 1.65 seconds during no-smoke conditions. Each 1.65 seconds, internal power is applied to the entire IC and a check is made for smoke, except during LED pulse, Low Battery Alarm Chirp, or Horn Modulation (in smoke). Every 24 clock cycles a check is made for low battery by comparing VDD to an internal zener voltage. Since very small currents are used in the oscillator, the oscillator capacitor should be of a low leakage type. Detect Circuitry If smoke is detected, the oscillator period becomes 41.67 ms and the piezoelectric horn oscillator circuit is MC145018 4 Sensors Freescale Semiconductor enabled. The horn output is modulated 500 ms on, 500 ms off. During the off time, smoke is again checked and will inhibit further horn output if no smoke is sensed. During local smoke conditions the low battery alarm is inhibited, but the LED pulses at a 1.0 Hz rate. In remote smoke, the LED is inhibited as well. An active guard is provided on both pins adjacent to the detect input. The voltage at these pins will be within 100 mV of the input signal. This will keep surface leakage currents to a minimum and provide a method of measuring the input voltage without loading the ionization chamber. The active guard op amp is not power strobed and thus gives constant protection from surface leakage currents. Pin 15 (the Detect input) has internal diode protection against static damage. Interconnect The I/O (Pin 2), in combination with VSS, is used to interconnect up to 40 remote units for common signaling. A Local Smoke condition activates a current limited output driver, thereby signaling Remote Smoke to interconnected units. A small current sink improves noise immunity during non-smoke conditions. Remote units at lower voltages do not draw excessive current from a sending unit at a higher voltage. The I/O is disabled for three oscillator cycles after power up, to eliminate false alarming of remote units when the battery is changed. Sensitivity/Low Battery Thresholds Both the sensitivity threshold and the low battery voltage levels are set internally by a common voltage divider (see Figure 2) connected between VDD and VSS. These voltages can be altered by external resistors connected from pins 3 or 13 to either VDD or VSS. There will be a slight interaction here due to the common voltage divider network. The sensitivity threshold can also be set by adjusting the smoke chamber ionization source. Test Mode Since the internal op amps and comparators are power strobed, adjustments for sensitivity or low battery level could be difficult and/or time-consuming. By forcing Pin 12 to VSS, the power strobing is bypassed and the output, Pin 1, constantly shows smoke/no smoke. Pin 1 = VDD for smoke. In this mode and during the 10 ms power strobe, chip current rises to approximately 50 µA. LED Pulse The 9-volt battery level is checked every 40 seconds during the LED pulse. The battery is loaded via a 10 mA pulse for 11.6 ms. If the LED is not used, it should be replaced with an equivalent resistor such that the battery loading remains at 10 mA. Hysteresis When smoke is detected, the resistor/divider network that sets sensitivity is altered to increase sensitivity. This yields approximately 100 mV of hysteresis and reduces false triggering. 1M 1 To Other Units 2 330 Ω 0.1 µF + 8.2 MΩ 9V TEST 16 MC145018 1M 15 3 14 4 13 5 12 6 11 7 10 8 9 0.1 µF 1.5 MΩ* 0.001 µF *NOTE: Component values may change depending on type of piezoelectric horn used. 220 kΩ* Figure 6. Typical Application as Ionization Smoke Detector MC145018 Sensors Freescale Semiconductor 5 OSC Pin 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 23 24 1 6 12 18 24 Smoke - N -Y OSC Pin 12 Smoke - N -Y No Smoke, Low Battery Low Bat - Y -N HYST Pin 13 Latch Alarm Condition >> Horn - On - Off Low Battery Chirp >> No Smk Smoke No Smk No Low Bat NFPA Mod ( Low Bat - Y -N 100 mV Level Shift) (Note 1) >> Horn - On - Off LED - Off - On LED - Off - On 24 Clocks 24 Clocks Figure 7. MC145017 Timing Diagram NOTE: 1. Horn modulation is self-completing. When going from smoke to no smoke, the alarm condition will terminate only when horn is off. Comparators are strobed once per cycle (1.65 sec for no smoke, 40 msec for smoke). For timing under remote conditions, refer to MC14468 data sheet. NFPA72: Temporal Horn Modulation Pattern 0.5 Sec 167msec 0.5 Sec 0.5 Sec 0.5 Sec 0.5 Sec 1.5 Sec 83 msec Traditional 4/6 Horn Modulation Pattern Figure 8. Horn Modulation MC145018 6 Sensors Freescale Semiconductor PACKAGE DIMENSIONS NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN FORMED PARALLEL. 4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. 5. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL. -A16 9 1 8 B F C L S SEATING PLANE -TK H G D M J 16 PL 0.25 (0.010) M T A STYLE 1: PIN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. M CATHODE CATHODE CATHODE CATHODE CATHODE CATHODE CATHODE CATHODE ANODE ANODE ANODE ANODE ANODE ANODE ANODE ANODE STYLE 2: PIN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. DIM A B C D F G H J K L M S INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN MAX MIN MAX 0.740 0.770 18.80 19.55 0.250 0.270 6.35 6.85 0.145 0.175 3.69 4.44 0.015 0.021 0.39 0.53 0.040 0.70 1.02 1.77 0.100 BSC 2.54 BSC 0.050 BSC 1.27 BSC 0.008 0.015 0.21 0.38 0.110 0.130 2.80 3.30 0.295 0.305 7.50 7.74 0 10 0 10 0.020 0.040 0.51 1.01 COMMON DRAIN COMMON DRAIN COMMON DRAIN COMMON DRAIN COMMON DRAIN COMMON DRAIN COMMON DRAIN COMMON DRAIN GATE SOURCE GATE SOURCE GATE SOURCE GATE SOURCE CASE 648-08 ISSUE R 16-LEAD PLASTIC DIP MC145018 Sensors Freescale Semiconductor 7 How to Reach Us: Home Page: www.freescale.com E-mail: [email protected] USA/Europe or Locations Not Listed: Freescale Semiconductor Technical Information Center, CH370 1300 N. Alma School Road Chandler, Arizona 85224 +1-800-521-6274 or +1-480-768-2130 [email protected] Europe, Middle East, and Africa: Freescale Halbleiter Deutschland GmbH Technical Information Center Schatzbogen 7 81829 Muenchen, Germany +44 1296 380 456 (English) +46 8 52200080 (English) +49 89 92103 559 (German) +33 1 69 35 48 48 (French) [email protected] Japan: Freescale Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Headquarters ARCO Tower 15F 1-8-1, Shimo-Meguro, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0064 Japan 0120 191014 or +81 3 5437 9125 [email protected] Asia/Pacific: Freescale Semiconductor Hong Kong Ltd. Technical Information Center 2 Dai King Street Tai Po Industrial Estate Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong +800 2666 8080 [email protected] For Literature Requests Only: Freescale Semiconductor Literature Distribution Center P.O. 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