STMICROELECTRONICS L6474H

L6474
easySPIN – fully integrated microstepping motor driver
Features
■
Operating voltage: 8 - 45 V
■
7.0 A output peak current (3.0 A r.m.s.)
■
Low RDSon power MOSFETS
■
Programmable power MOS slew-rate
■
Up to 1/16 microstepping
■
Current control with adaptive decay
■
Non dissipative current sensing
■
SPI interface
■
Low quiescent and standby currents
■
Programmable non dissipative overcurrent
protection on all power MOS
■
Two-level overtemperature protection
POWERSO36
an adaptive decay mode which outperforms
traditional implementations.
All data registers, including those used to set
analogue values (i.e. current control value,
current protection trip point, dead time, etc.) are
sent through a standard 5 Mbit/s SPI.
A very rich set of protections (thermal, low bus
voltage, overcurrent) makes the L6474 “bullet
proof” as required by the most demanding motor
control applications.
Application
■
HTSSOP28
Bipolar stepper motor
Description
The L6474, realized in analog mixed signal
technology, integrates a dual low RDSon DMOS
full bridge with all power switches equipped with
an accurate on-chip current sensing circuitry
suitable for non dissipative current control and
overcurrent protections. Thanks to a new current
control, a 1/16 microstepping is achieved through
Table 1.
Device summary
Order codes
Package
Packing
L6474H
HTSSOP28
Tube
L6474HTR
HTSSOP28
Tape and reel
L6474PD
POWERSO36
Tube
L6474PDTR
POWERSO36
Tape and reel
December 2011
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
1/51
www.st.com
51
Contents
L6474
Contents
1
Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2
Electrical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1
Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2
Recommended operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3
Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3
Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4
Pin connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1
Pin list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5
Typical applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6
Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2/51
6.1
Device power-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.2
Logic I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.3
Charge pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.4
Microstepping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.5
Absolute position counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.6
Step sequence control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.7
Enable and disable commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.8
Internal oscillator and oscillator driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.8.1
Internal oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.8.2
External clock source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.9
Overcurrent detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.10
Undervoltage lock-out (UVLO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.11
Thermal warning and thermal shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.12
Reset and standby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.13
Programmable DMOS slew-rate, dead-time and blanking-time . . . . . . . . 24
6.14
Integrated analog to digital converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.15
Internal voltage regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
L6474
7
Contents
6.16
SYNC pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.17
FLAG pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Phase current control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.1
Peak current control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.2
Auto-adjusted decay mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
7.3
Auto-adjusted fast decay during the falling steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.4
Torque regulation (output current amplitude regulation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8
Serial interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
9
Programming manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9.1
9.2
Registers and flags description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9.1.1
ABS_POS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
9.1.2
EL_POS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
9.1.3
MARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
9.1.4
TVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
9.1.5
T_FAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
9.1.6
TON_MIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
9.1.7
TOFF_MIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.1.8
ADC_OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
9.1.9
OCD_TH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
9.1.10
STEP_MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9.1.11
ALARM_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
9.1.12
CONFIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
9.1.13
STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Application commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
9.2.1
Command management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
9.2.2
Nop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.2.3
SetParam (PARAM, VALUE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.2.4
GetParam (PARAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.2.5
Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9.2.6
Disable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9.2.7
GetStatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
10
Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
11
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
3/51
List of tables
L6474
List of tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 13.
Table 14.
Table 15.
Table 16.
Table 17.
Table 18.
Table 19.
Table 20.
Table 21.
Table 22.
Table 23.
Table 24.
Table 25.
Table 26.
Table 27.
Table 28.
Table 29.
Table 30.
Table 31.
Table 32.
Table 33.
Table 34.
Table 35.
Table 36.
Table 37.
Table 38.
Table 39.
4/51
Device summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Recommended operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Typical application values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
CL values according to external oscillator frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Registers map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
EL_POS register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Torque regulation by TVAL_HOLD, TVAL_ACC, TVAL_DEC and TVAL_RUN registers . 34
T_FAST register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Maximum fast decay times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Minimum ON time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Minimum OFF time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
ADC_OUT value and torque regulation feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Overcurrent detection threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
STEP_MODE register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Step mode selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
SYNC signal source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
ALARM_EN register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
CONFIG register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Oscillator management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Overcurrent event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Programmable power bridge output slew-rate values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
External torque regulation enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Switching period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
STATUS register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
STATUS register DIR bit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Application commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Nop command structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
SetParam command structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
GetParam command structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
HardStop command structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Disable command structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
GetStatus command structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
HTSSOP28 mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
POWERSO36 mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
L6474
List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
HTSSOP28 pin connection (top view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
POWERSO36 pin connection (top view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Bipolar stepper motor control application using L6474 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Charge pump circuitry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Normal mode and microstepping (16 microsteps) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
OSCIN and OSCOUT pin configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Internal 3 V linear regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Peak current control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Adaptive decay - fast decay tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Adaptive decay - switch from normal to slow+fast decay mode and vice versa . . . . . . . . . 28
Fast decay tuning during the falling steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
SPI timings diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Daisy-chain configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Command with three-byte argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Command with three-byte response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Command response aborted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
HTSSOP28 mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
POWERSO36 drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
5/51
Block diagram
1
L6474
Block diagram
Figure 1.
Block diagram
9''
26&,1
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9''
+6 $
287$
/6 $
+6 $
/6 $
/6 $
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+6 %
/6 %
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+6 %
+6 %
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6/51
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
L6474
Electrical data
2
Electrical data
2.1
Absolute maximum ratings
Table 2.
Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol
Parameter
Test condition
Logic interface supply voltage
VDD
VS
Motor supply voltage
VGND, diff
VSA = VSB = VS
Differential voltage between AGND,
PGND and DGND
Value
Unit
5.5
V
48
V
±0.3
V
Vboot
Bootstrap peak voltage
55
V
VREG
Internal voltage regulator output pin
and logic supply voltage
3.6
V
VADCIN
Integrated ADC input voltage range
(ADCIN pin)
-0.3 to +3.6
V
VOSC
OSCIN and OSCOUT pin voltage
range
-0.3 to +3.6
V
Vout_diff
Differential voltage between VSA,
OUT1A, OUT2A, PGND and VSB,
OUT1B, OUT2B, PGND pins
48
V
VLOGIC
Logic inputs voltage range
-0.3 to +5.5
V
3
A
7
A
150
°C
-55 to 150
°C
TBD
W
Iout
(1)
Iout_peak
TOP
Ts
Ptot
VSA = VSB = VS
R.m.s. output current
(1)
Pulsed output current
TPULSE < 1 ms
Operating junction temperature
Storage temperature range
Total power dissipation (TA = 25 ºC)
(2)
1. Maximum output current limit is related to metal connection and bonding characteristics. Actual limit must satisfy maximum
thermal dissipation constraints.
2. TBD.
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
7/51
Electrical data
2.2
L6474
Recommended operating conditions
Table 3.
Symbol
Recommended operating conditions
Parameter
Test condition
Value
3.3 V logic outputs
VDD
VS
5 V logic outputs
Vout_diff
Differential voltage between
VSA, OUT1A, OUT2A, PGND
and VSB, OUT1B, OUT2B,
PGND pins
VSA = VSB = VS
VREG,in
Logic supply voltage
VREG voltage imposed by
external source
8
3.2
Integrated ADC input voltage
(ADCIN pin)
Operating junction temperature
45
V
45
V
3.3
V
0
VREG
V
-25
125
°C
Thermal data
Table 4.
Symbol
Thermal data
Parameter
Package
HTSSOP28
RthJA
Thermal resistance junction-ambient
1. TBD.
2. TBD.
8/51
V
5
VSA = VSB = VS
Tj
2.3
3.3
Logic interface supply voltage
Motor supply voltage
VADC
Unit
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
Typ
(1)
POWERSO36 (2)
Unit
TBD
°C/W
TBD
L6474
3
Electrical characteristics
Electrical characteristics
VSA = VSB = 36 V; VDD = 3.3 V; internal 3 V regulator; TJ = 25 °C, unless otherwise
specified.
Table 5.
Electrical characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Test condition
Min.
Typ.
Max. Unit
General
VSthOn
VS UVLO turn-on threshold
7.5
8.2
8.9
V
VSthOff
VS UVLO turn-off threshold
6.6
7.2
7.8
V
VSthHyst
VS UVLO threshold hysteresis
0.7
1
1.3
V
Iq
Quiescent motor supply current
0.5
0.65
mA
Tj(WRN)
Tj(SD)
Internal oscillator selected;
VREG = 3.3 V ext; CP
floating
Thermal warning temperature
130
°C
Thermal shutdown temperature
160
°C
10
V
660
kHz
800
kHz
Charge pump
Vpump
Voltage swing for charge pump oscillator
Minimum charge pump oscillator frequency
fpump,min
(1)
fpump,max
(1)
Iboot
Maximum charge pump oscillator frequency
Average boot current
fsw,A = fsw,B = 15.6 kHz
POW_SR = ‘10’
1.1
Tj = 25 °C, Iout = 3A
0.37
Tj = 125 °C, (2) Iout = 3A
0.51
Tj = 25 °C, Iout = 3A
0.18
Tj = 125 °C, (2) Iout = 3A
0.23
1.4
mA
Output DMOS transistor
High side switch ON resistance
RDS(on)
Low side switch ON resistance
IDSS
tr
Leakage current
OUT = VS
OUT = GND
Rise time
(3)
3.1
mA
-0.3
POW_SR = '00', Iout = +1A
100
POW_SR = '00', Iout = -1A
80
POW_SR = ‘11’, Iout = ±1A
100
POW_SR = ‘10’, Iout = ±1A
200
POW_SR = ‘01’, Iout = ±1A
300
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
Ω
ns
9/51
Electrical characteristics
Table 5.
Electrical characteristics (continued)
Symbol
tf
SRout_r
SRout_f
L6474
Parameter
Fall time
Test condition
(3)
Output rising slew-rate
Output falling slew-rate
Min.
Typ.
POW_SR = '00'; Iout = +1A
90
POW_SR = '00'; Iout = -1A
110
POW_SR = ‘11’, Iout = ±1A
110
POW_SR = ‘10’, Iout = ±1A
260
POW_SR = ‘01’, Iload = ±1A
375
POW_SR = '00', Iout = +1A
285
POW_SR = '00', Iout = -1A
360
POW_SR = ‘11’, Iout = ±1A
285
POW_SR = ‘10’, Iout = ±1A
150
POW_SR = ‘01’, Iout = ±1A
95
POW_SR = '00', Iout = +1A
320
POW_SR = '00', Iout = -1A
260
POW_SR = ‘11’, Iout = ±1A
260
POW_SR = ‘10’, Iout = ±1A
110
POW_SR = ‘01’, Iout = ±1A
75
POW_SR = '00'
250
POW_SR = ‘11’,
fOSC = 16 MHz
375
POW_SR = ‘10’,
fOSC = 16 MHz
625
POW_SR = ‘01’,
fOSC = 16 MHz
875
POW_SR = '00'
250
POW_SR = ‘11’,
fOSC = 16 MHz
375
POW_SR = ‘10’,
fOSC = 16 MHz
625
POW_SR = ‘01’,
fOSC = 16 MHz
875
Max. Unit
ns
V/µs
V/µs
Dead time and blanking
tDT
tblank
Dead time (1)
Blanking time (1)
ns
ns
Source-drain diodes
VSD,HS
High side diode forward ON voltage
Iout = 1 A
1
1.1
V
VSD,LS
Low side diode forward ON voltage
Iout = 1 A
1
1.1
V
trrHS
High side diode reverse recovery time
Iout = 1 A
30
ns
trrLS
Low side diode reverse recovery time
Iout = 1 A
100
ns
10/51
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
L6474
Table 5.
Electrical characteristics
Electrical characteristics (continued)
Symbol
Parameter
Test condition
Min.
Typ.
Max. Unit
Logic inputs and outputs
VIL
Low logic level input voltage
VIH
High logic level input voltage
IIH
IIL
0.8
2
High logic level input current
(4)
VIN = 5 V
Low logic level input current
(5)
VIN = 0 V
VOL
Low logic level output voltage (6)
VOH
High logic level output voltage
RPU
RPD
V
V
1
-1
µA
µA
VDD = 3.3 V, IOL = 4 mA
0.3
VDD = 5 V, IOL = 4 mA
0.3
V
VDD = 3.3 V, IOH = 4 mA
2.4
VDD = 5 V, IOH = 4 mA
4.7
CS pull-up and STBY pull-down resistors
CS = GND;
STBY/RST = 5 V
335
430
565
kΩ
RPUDIR
DIR input pull-up resistance
DIR = GND
60
85
110
kΩ
Ilogic
Internal logic supply current
3.3 V VREG externally
supplied, internal oscillator
3.7
4.3
mA
Standby mode internal logic supply current
3.3 V VREG externally
supplied
2
2.5
µA
2
MHz
Ilogic,STBY
fSTCK
V
Step clock input frequency
Internal oscillator and external oscillator driver
fosc,i
Internal oscillator frequency
Tj = 25 °C, VREG = 3.3 V
fosc,e
Programmable external oscillator frequency
-3%
16
8
+3% MHz
32
MHz
VOSCOUTH
OSCOUT clock source high level voltage
Internal oscillator 3.3 V
VREG externally supplied;
IOSCOUT = 4 mA
VOSCOUTL
OSCOUT clock source low level voltage
Internal oscillator 3.3 V
VREG externally supplied;
IOSCOUT = 4 mA
0.3
V
trOSCOUT
tfOSCOUT
OSCOUT clock source rise and fall time
Internal oscillator
20
ns
2.4
V
textosc
Internal to external oscillator switching delay
3
ms
tintosc
External to internal oscillator switching delay
1.5
µs
SPI
fCK,MAX
Maximum SPI clock frequency (7)
5
MHz
trCK
tfCK
SPI clock rise and fall time (7)
thCK
tlCK
SPI clock high and low time (7)
75
ns
Chip select set-up time (7)
350
ns
tsetCS
CL = 30 pF
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
25
ns
11/51
Electrical characteristics
Table 5.
L6474
Electrical characteristics (continued)
Symbol
Parameter
tholCS
Chip select hold time
(7)
tdisCS
Deselect time (7)
tsetSDI
tholSDI
(7)
Data input set-up time
Data input hold time
Test condition
(7)
Min.
Typ.
Max. Unit
10
ns
800
ns
25
ns
20
ns
tenSDO
Data output enable time
(7)
38
ns
tdisSDO
Data output disable time (7)
47
ns
57
ns
tvSDO
tholSDO
Data output valid time
(7)
Data output hold time
(7)
37
ns
Current control
ISTEP,max
Max. programmable reference current
4
A
ISTEP,min
Min. programmable reference current
31
mA
Overcurrent protection
IOCD,MAX
Maximum programmable overcurrent
detection threshold
OCD_TH = ‘1111’
6
A
IOCD,MIN
Minimum programmable overcurrent
detection threshold
OCD_TH = ‘0000’
0.375
A
IOCD,RES
Programmable overcurrent detection
threshold resolution
0.375
A
tOCD,Flag
OCD to flag signal delay time
dIout/dt = 350A/µs
650
tOCD,SD
OCD to shut down delay time
dIout/dt = 350A/µs
POW_SR = '10'
600
VS = 8 V
26
34
VS = 36 V
30
36
1000
ns
µs
Standby
IqSTBY
tSTBY,min
tlogicwu
tcpwu
Quiescent motor supply current in standby
conditions
µA
Minimum standby time
10
Logic power-on and wake-up time
38
Charge pump power-on and wake-up time
Power bridges disabled, Cp
= 10 nF, Cboot = 220 nF
µs
45
650
µs
µs
Internal voltage regulator
VREG
Voltage regulator output voltage
IREG
Voltage regulator output current
2.9
VREG, drop
Voltage regulator output voltage drop
IREG,STBY
Voltage regulator standby output current
IREG = 40 mA
3
3.2
V
40
mA
50
mV
10
mA
Integrated analog to digital converter
NADC
12/51
Analog to digital converter resolution
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
5
bit
L6474
Table 5.
Electrical characteristics
Electrical characteristics (continued)
Symbol
Parameter
VADC,ref
Analog to digital converter reference voltage
VREG
V
Analog to digital converter sampling
frequency
fOSC/
512
kHz
fS
Test condition
Min.
Typ.
Max. Unit
1. Accuracy depends on oscillator frequency accuracy.
2. Tested at 25 °C in a restricted range and guaranteed by characterization.
3. Rise and fall time depends on motor supply voltage value. Refer to SRout values (Table 5) in order to evaluate the actual
rise and fall time.
4. Not valid for STBY/RST pins which have internal pull-down resistor.
5. Not valid for SW and CS pins which have internal pull-up resistor.
6. FLAG and SYNC open drain outputs included.
7. See Figure 13– SPI timings diagram for details.
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
13/51
Pin connection
4
L6474
Pin connection
Figure 2.
HTSSOP28 pin connection (top view)
RST
DIR
Figure 3.
POWERSO36 pin connection (top view)
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L6474
Pin connection
4.1
Pin list
Table 6.
Pin description
N.
Name
Type
Function
17
VDD
Power
Logic outputs supply voltage (pull-up reference)
6
VREG
Power
Internal 3 V voltage regulator output and 3.3 V external logic
supply
7
OSCIN
Analog input
Oscillator pin 1. To connect an external oscillator or clock source.
If this pin is unused, it should be left floating.
8
OSCOUT
Analog output
Oscillator pin 2. To connect an external oscillator. When the
internal oscillator is used this pin can supply 2/4/8/16 MHz. If this
pin is unused, it should be left floating.
10
CP
Output
11
VBOOT
Supply voltage
5
ADCIN
Analog input
Internal analog to digital converter input
VSA
Power supply
Full bridge A power supply pin. It must be connected to VSB
VSB
Power supply
Full bridge B power supply pin. It must be connected to VSA
PGND
Ground
1
OUT1A
Power output
Full bridge A output 1
28
OUT2A
Power output
Full bridge A output 2
14
OUT1B
Power output
Full bridge B output 1
15
OUT2B
Power output
Full bridge B output 2
9
AGND
Ground
Analog ground
4
DIR
Logical input
Direction input
21
DGND
Ground
Digital ground
22
SYNC
Open drain output
18
SDO
Logic output
20
SDI
Logic input
Data input pin for serial interface
19
CK
Logic input
Serial interface clock
23
CS
Logic input
Chip select input pin for serial interface
Charge pump oscillator output
Bootstrap voltage needed for driving the high side power DMOS of
both bridges (A and B)
2
26
12
16
27
Power ground pin
13
Synchronization signal.
Data output pin for serial interface
24
FLAG
Open drain output
Status flag pin. An internal open drain transistor can pull the pin to
GND when a programmed alarm condition occurs (step loss,
OCD, thermal pre-warning or shutdown, UVLO, wrong command,
non performable command)
3
STBY\RST
Logic input
Standby and reset pin. LOW logic level resets the logic and puts
the device into standby mode. If not used, should be connected to
VDD
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
15/51
Pin connection
Table 6.
L6474
Pin description (continued)
N.
Name
Type
25
STCK
Logic input
EPAD
Exposed pad
Ground
16/51
Function
Step clock input
Internally connected to PGND, AGND and DGND pins
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
L6474
Typical applications
Table 7.
Typical application values
Name
Value
CVS
220 nF
CVSPOL
100 µF
CREG
100 nF
CREGPOL
47 µF
CDD
100 nF
CDDPOL
10 µF
D1
Charge pump diodes
CBOOT
220 nF
CFLY
10 nF
RPU
39 kΩ
RSW
100 Ω
CSW
10 nF
Figure 4.
Bipolar stepper motor control application using L6474
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17/51
Functional description
L6474
6
Functional description
6.1
Device power-up
At power-up end, the device state is the following:
●
Registers are set to default
●
Internal logic is driven by internal oscillator and a 2 MHz clock is provided by the
OSCOUT pin
●
Bridges are disabled (High Z)
●
UVLO bit in STATUS register is forced low (fail condition)
●
FLAG output is forced low.
During power-up the device is under reset (all logic IO disabled and power bridges in high
impedance state) until the following conditions are satisfied:
6.2
●
VS is greater than VSthOn
●
VREG is greater than VREGth = 2.8 V typical
●
Internal oscillator is operative.
Logic I/O
Pins CS, CK, SDI, STCK, DIR and STBY\RST are TTL/CMOS 3.3 V-5 V compatible logic
inputs.
Pin SDO is a TTL/CMOS compatible logic output. VDD pin voltage sets the logic output pin
voltage range; when it is connected to VREG or 3.3 V external supply voltage, the output is
3.3 V compatible. When VDD is connected to a 5 V supply voltage, SDO is 5 V compatible.
VDD is not internally connected to VREG, an external connection is always needed.
A 10 µF capacitor should be connected to the VDD pin in order to obtain a proper operation.
Pins FLAG and SYNC are open drain outputs.
6.3
Charge pump
To ensure the correct driving of the high side integrated MOSFETs, a voltage higher than
the motor power supply voltage needs to be applied to the VBOOT pin. The high side gate
driver supply voltage VBOOT is obtained through an oscillator and a few external
components realizing a charge pump (see Figure 5).
18/51
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
L6474
Functional description
Figure 5.
6.4
Charge pump circuitry
Microstepping
The driver is able to divide the single step into up to 16 microsteps. Stepping mode can be
programmed by STEP_SEL parameter in STEP_MODE register (see Table 19).
Step mode can only be changed when bridges are disabled. Every time the step mode is
changed, the electrical position (i.e. the point of microstepping sinewave that is generated)
is reset to the first microstep and the absolute position counter value (see Section 6.5)
becomes meaningless.
Figure 6.
Normal mode and microstepping (16 microsteps)
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
19/51
Functional description
6.5
L6474
Absolute position counter
An internal 22 bit register (ABS_POS) takes memory of motor motion according to the
selected step mode; the stored value unit is equal to the selected step mode (full, half,
quarter, etc.). The position range is from -221 to +221-1 (µ) steps (see Section 9.1.1).
6.6
Step sequence control
The motor movement is defined by the step clock signal applied to the STCK pin. At each
step clock rising edge, the motor is moved by one microstep in the direction selected by DIR
input (high for forward direction and low for reverse direction) and absolute position is
consequently updated.
6.7
Enable and disable commands
The power stage of the device can be enabled and disabled through the respective SPI
commands.
The enable command turns on the power outputs and starts the current control algorithm.
The phase currents are controlled according to present EL_POS value. If a fault condition
requires the power stage to be disabled, the command is ignored.
The disable command immediately forces the power outputs in a high impedance condition.
20/51
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
L6474
6.8
Functional description
Internal oscillator and oscillator driver
The control logic clock can be supplied by the internal 16 MHz oscillator, an external
oscillator (crystal or ceramic resonator) or a direct clock signal.
These working modes can be selected by EXT_CLK and OSC_SEL parameters in the
CONFIG register (see Table 23).
At power-up the device starts using the internal oscillator and provides a 2 MHz clock signal
on the OSCOUT pin.
Attention: In any case, before changing clock source configuration, a
hardware reset is mandatory. Switching to different clock
configurations during operation could cause unexpected
behavior.
6.8.1
Internal oscillator
In this mode the internal oscillator is activated and OSCIN is unused. If OSCOUT clock
source is enabled, the OSCOUT pin provides a 2, 4, 8 or 16 MHz clock signal (according to
OSC_SEL value); otherwise it is unused (see Figure 7).
6.8.2
External clock source
Two types of external clock source can be selected: crystal/ceramic resonator or direct clock
source. Four programmable clock frequencies are available for each external clock source:
8, 16, 24 and 32 MHz.
When an external crystal/resonator is selected, the OSCIN and OSCOUT pins are used to
drive the crystal/resonator (see Figure 7). The crystal/resonator and load capacitors (CL)
must be placed as close as possible to the pins. Refer to Table 8 for the choice of the load
capacitor value according to the external oscillator frequency.
Table 8.
CL values according to external oscillator frequency
Crystal/resonator freq. (1)
CL (2)
8 MHz
25 pF (ESRmax = 80 Ω)
16 MHz
18 pF (ESRmax = 50 Ω)
24 MHz
15 pF (ESRmax = 40 Ω)
32 MHz
10 pF (ESRmax = 40 Ω)
1. First harmonic resonance frequency.
2. Lower ESR value allows driving greater load capacitors.
If a direct clock source is used, it must be connected to the OSCIN pin and the OSCOUT pin
supplies the inverted OSCIN signal (see Figure 7).
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
21/51
Functional description
Figure 7.
L6474
OSCIN and OSCOUT pin configurations
Note:
When OSCIN is UNUSED, it should be left floating.
When OSCOUT is UNUSED it should be left floating.
6.9
Overcurrent detection
When the current in any of the power MOSFETs exceeds a programmed overcurrent
threshold, the STATUS register OCD flag is forced low until the overcurrent event has
expired and a GetStatus command is sent to the IC (see paragraphs 9.1.13 and 9.1.9).
Overcurrent event expires when all the power MOSFET currents fall below the programmed
overcurrent threshold.
The overcurrent threshold can be programmed through the OCD_TH register in one of 16
available values ranging from 375 mA to 6 A with steps of 375 mA (see Table 9, paragraph
9.1.9).
It is possible to set whether or not an overcurrent event causes the MOSFET turn-off
(bridges in high impedance status) acting on the OC_SD bit in the CONFIG register (see
paragraph 9.1.12). The OCD flag in the STATUS register is raised anyway (see Table 28,
paragraph 9.1.13).
When the IC outputs are turned off by an OCD event, they cannot be turned on until the
OCD flag is released by a GetStatus command.
22/51
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
L6474
Functional description
Attention: The overcurrent shutdown is a critical protection feature. It is
not recommended to disable it.
6.10
Undervoltage lock-out (UVLO)
The L6474 provides a motor supply UVLO protection. When the motor supply voltage falls
below the VSthOff threshold voltage, the STATUS register UVLO flag is forced low. When a
GetStatus command is sent to the IC, and the undervoltage condition has expired, the
UVLO flag is released (see paragraphs 9.1.13 and 9.2.7). Undervoltage condition expires
when the motor supply voltage goes over the VSthOn threshold voltage. When the device is
in undervoltage condition no motion can be performed. The UVLO flag is forced low by logic
reset (power-up included) even if no UVLO condition is present.
6.11
Thermal warning and thermal shutdown
An internal sensor allows the L6474 to detect when the device internal temperature exceeds
a thermal warning or an overtemperature threshold.
When the thermal warning threshold (Tj(WRN)) is reached, the TH_WRN bit in the STATUS
register is forced low (see paragraph 9.1.13) until the temperature decreases below Tj(WRN)
and a GetStatus command is sent to the IC (see paragraphs 9.1.13 and 9.2.7).
When the thermal shutdown threshold (Tj(OFF)) is reached, the device goes into thermal
shutdown condition: the TH_SD bit in the STATUS register is forced low, the power bridges
are disabled, bridges in high impedance state and the HiZ bit in the STATUS register are
raised (see paragraph 9.1.13).
Thermal shutdown condition only expires when the temperature goes below the thermal
warning threshold (Tj(WRN)).
On exiting thermal shutdown condition, the bridges are still disabled (HiZ flag high).
6.12
Reset and standby
The device can be reset and put into standby mode through a dedicated pin. When the
STBY\RST pin is driven low, the bridges are left open (High Z state), the internal charge
pump is stopped, the SPI interface and control logic are disabled, and the internal 3 V
voltage regulator maximum output current is reduced to IREG,STBY; as a result the L6474
heavily reduces the power consumption. At the same time the register values are reset to
default and all protection functions are disabled. STBY\RST input must be forced low at
least for tSTBY, min. in order to ensure the complete switch to standby mode.
On exiting standby mode, as well as for IC power-up, a delay of up to tlogicwu must be given
before applying a new command to allow proper oscillator and logic startup and a delay of
up to tcpwu must be given to allow the charge pump startup.
On exiting standby mode the bridges are disabled (HiZ flag high).
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
23/51
Functional description
L6474
Attention: It is not recommended to reset the device when outputs are
active. The device should be switched to high impedance
state before being reset.
6.13
Programmable DMOS slew-rate, dead-time and blanking-time
Using the POW_SR parameter in the CONFIG register, it is possible to set the commutation
speed of the power bridges output (see Table 25, paragraph 9.1.17).
6.14
Integrated analog to digital converter
The L6474 integrates a NADC bit ramp-compare analog to digital converter with a reference
voltage equal to VREG. The analog to digital converter input is available through the ADCIN
pin and the conversion result is available in the ADC_OUT register (see paragraph 9.1.13).
Sampling frequency is equal to the clock frequency divided by 512.
The ADC_OUT value can be used for the torque regulation or is at the user’s disposal.
6.15
Internal voltage regulator
The L6474 integrates a voltage regulator which generates a 3 V voltage starting from the
motor power supply (VSA and VSB). In order to make the voltage regulator stable, at least
22 µF should be connected between the VREG pin and ground (suggested value is 47 µF).
The internal voltage regulator can be used to supply the VDD pin in order to make the
device digital output range 3.3 V compatible (Figure 8). A digital output range 5 V
compatible can be obtained connecting the VDD pin to an external 5 V voltage source. In
both cases, a 10 µF capacitance should be connected to the VDD pin in order to obtain a
correct operation.
The internal voltage regulator is able to supply a current up to IREG,MAX, internal logic
consumption included (Ilogic). When the device is in standby mode the maximum current that
can be supplied is IREG, STBY, internal consumption included (Ilogic, STBY).
If an external 3.3 V regulated voltage is available, it can be applied to the VREG pin in order
to supply all the internal logic and avoid power dissipation of the internal 3 V voltage
regulator (Figure 8). The external voltage regulator should never sink current from the
VREG pin.
24/51
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
L6474
Functional description
Figure 8.
Internal 3 V linear regulator
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%84%2.!,VOLTAGEREGULATOR
SYNC pin
This pin works as a synchronization signal: the output status is an echo of one of the bits of
the EL_POS register according to a SYNC_SEL and STEP_SEL parameter combination
(see paragraph 9.1.10).
6.17
FLAG pin
By default, an internal open drain transistor pulls the FLAG pin to ground when at least one
of the following conditions occurs:
●
Power-up or standby/reset exit
●
Overcurrent detection
●
Thermal warning
●
Thermal shutdown
●
UVLO
●
Switch turn-on event
●
Wrong command
●
Non performable command.
It is possible to mask one or more alarm conditions by programming the ALARM_EN
register (see paragraph 9.1.11, Table 21). If the corresponding bit of the ALARM_EN
register is low, the alarm condition is masked and it does not cause a FLAG pin transition; all
other actions imposed by alarm conditions are performed anyway. In case of daisy-chain
configuration, FLAG pins of different ICs can be or-wired to save host controller GPIOs.
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
25/51
Phase current control
7
L6474
Phase current control
The L6474 performs a peak current control technique described in detail in Section 7.1.
Furthermore, the L6474 automatically selects the best decay mode in order to follow the
current profile.
Current control algorithm parameters can be programmed by T_FAST, TON_MIN,
TOFF_MIN and CONFIG registers (see paragraphs 9.1.5, 9.1.6, 9.1.7 and 9.1.12 for
details).
The current amplitude can be set through the TVAL register (see paragraph 9.1.4). The
output current amplitude can also be regulated by ADCIN voltage value (see paragraph
6.14).
Each bridge is driven by an independent control system that shares with the other bridge the
control parameters only.
7.1
Peak current control
The L6474 implements a peak current control algorithm with fixed OFF time. The control
cycle begins in the ON state: the opposite high side DMOS low side DMOS of the power
bridges are turned on according to the required current direction. In this way, the phase
current is increased according to the electrical model of the motor.
When the target current value is reached (this value is internally generated according to the
present value of the EL_POS register), the device switches to the OFF state in order to
make the phase current decay. During the OFF state both slow and fast decay can be
performed; the better decay combination is automatically selected by L6472 as described in
section 7.2.
The tOFF value sets through the TOFF parameter of the CONFIG register and the value of
the TOFF_MIN register. If TOFF is greater than TOFF_MIN, it defines the OFF time of the
system. Otherwise the TOFF_MIN value is used.
Figure 9.
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Peak current control
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
L6474
7.2
Phase current control
Auto-adjusted decay mode
During the current control, the device automatically selects the best decay mode in order to
follow the current profile reducing the current ripple.
At reset, the OFF time is performed by turning on both the low side MOS of the power stage
and the current recirculates in the lower half of the bridge (slow decay).
If, during a PWM cycle, the target current threshold is reached in a time shorter than the
TON_MIN value, a fast decay of TOFF_FAST/8 (T_FAST register) is immediately
performed, turning on the opposite MOS of both half bridges and the current recirculates
back to the supply bus.
After this time, the bridge returns to the ON state: if the time needed to reach the target
current value is still less than TON_MIN, a new fast decay is performed with a period twice
the previous one. Otherwise, the normal control sequence is followed as described in
section 7.1. The maximum fast decay duration is set by TOFF_FAST value.
Figure 10. Adaptive decay - fast decay tuning
STFASTDECAY
4FAST4/&&?&!34
RDFASTDECAY
4FAST4/&&?&!34
4ON4/.?-).
4FAST4/&&?&!34
NDFASTDECAY
4FAST4/&&?&!34
REFERENCECURRENT
.OTESTARTINGFROMNDFASTDECAYTHESYSTEMWILLCOMBINE
FASTANDSLOWDECAYDURINGTHE/&&PHASE
4IME
When two or more fast decays are performed with present target current, the control system
adds a fast decay at the end of every OFF time, keeping the OFF state duration constant
(tOFF is split into tOFF,SLOW and tOFF,FAST). When the current threshold is increased by a
micro-step change (rising step), the system returns to normal decay mode (slow decay only)
and the tFAST value is halved.
Reaching the current sinewave zero crossing causes the current control system to return to
the reset state.
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Phase current control
L6474
Figure 11. Adaptive decay - switch from normal to slow+fast decay mode and vice
versa
nd
fast decay
switch to fast + slow decay mode
1st fast decay
2
reference current
Time
tOFF
tOFF
tFAST
tOFF,SLOW
tOFF,FAST
Target current is increased (raising step)
system returns to slow decay mode and tFAST value is halved
reference current
Time
7.3
Auto-adjusted fast decay during the falling steps
When the target current is decreased by a micro-step change (falling step), the device
performs a fast decay in order to reach the new value as fast as possible. Anyway,
exceeding the fast duration could cause a strong ripple on the step change. The L6474
automatically adjusts these fast decays reducing the current ripple.
At reset, the fast decay value (tFALL) is set to FALL_STEP/4 (T_FAST register). The tFALL
value is doubled every time, within the same falling step, an extra fast decay is necessary to
obtain an ON time greater than TON_MIN. The maximum tFALL value is equal to
FALL_STEP.
At the next falling step, the system uses the last tFALL value of the previous falling step.
Stopping the motor or reaching the current sinewave zero crossing causes the current
control system to return to the reset state.
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L6474
Phase current control
Figure 12. Fast decay tuning during the falling steps
&ALLINGSTEP
STFASTDECAY
T&!,,&!,,?34%0
&ALLINGSTEP
STFASTDECAY
T&!,,&!,,?34%0
REFERENCECURRENT
NDFASTDECAY
T&!,,&!,,?34%0
4IME
7.4
Torque regulation (output current amplitude regulation)
The output current amplitude can be regulated in two ways: writing the TVAL register or
varying the ADCIN voltage value.
The EN_TQREG bit (CONFIG register) sets the torque regulation method. If this bit is high,
ADC_OUT prevalue is used to regulate output current amplitude (see paragraph 9.1.8).
Otherwise the internal analog to digital converter is at the user’s disposal and the output
current amplitude is managed by the TVAL register (see paragraph 9.1.4).
The voltage applied to the ADCIN pin is sampled at fS frequency and converted in an NADC
bit digital signal. The analog to digital conversion result is available in the ADC_OUT
register.
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Serial interface
8
L6474
Serial interface
The integrated 8-bit serial peripheral interface (SPI) is used for a synchronous serial
communication between the host microprocessor (always master) and the L6474 (always
slave).
The SPI uses chip select (CS), serial clock (CK), serial data input (SDI) and serial data
output (SDO) pins. When CS is high, the device is unselected and the SDO line is inactive
(high-impedance).
The communication starts when CS is forced low. The CK line is used for synchronization of
data communication.
All commands and data bytes are shifted into the device through the SDI input, most
significant bit first. The SDI is sampled on the rising edges of the CK.
All output data bytes are shifted out of the device through the SDO output, most significant
bit first. The SDO is latched on the falling edges of the CK. When a return value from the
device is not available, an all zero byte is sent.
After each byte transmission, the CS input must be raised and be kept high for at least
tdisCS in order to allow the device to decode the received command and put the return
value into the shift register.
All timing requirements are shown in Figure 13 (see respective Section 3: Electrical
characteristics for values).
Multiple devices can be connected in a daisy-chain configuration, as shown in Figure 14.
Figure 13. SPI timings diagram
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L6474
Serial interface
Figure 14. Daisy-chain configuration
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Programming manual
L6474
9
Programming manual
9.1
Registers and flags description
The following is a map of the user registers available (detailed description in respective
paragraphs):
Table 9.
Registers map
Address
[Hex]
Register
name
Len. [bit]
Reset
Hex
h01
ABS_POS
Current position
22
000000
0
R, WR
h02
EL_POS
Electrical position
9
000
0
R, WR
h03
MARK
Mark position
22
000000
0
R, WR
h04
RESERVED
Reserved address
24
h05
RESERVED
Reserved address
16
h06
RESERVED
Reserved address
16
h07
RESERVED
Reserved address
16
h08
RESERVED
Reserved address
16
h15
RESERVED
Reserved address
16
h09
TVAL
Reference current
7
h0A
RESERVED
Reserved address
8
h0B
RESERVED
Reserved address
8
h0C
RESERVED
Reserved address
8
h0D
RESERVED
Reserved address
16
h0E
T_FAST
Fast decay/fall step time
h0F
TON_MIN
h10
Register function
Reset Value
Remarks
(1)
R, WR
29
1.3125 A
R, WR
8
19
1 µs / 5 µs
R, WH
Minimum ON time
7
29
20.5 µs
R, WH
TOFF_MIN
Minimum OFF time
7
29
20.5 µs
R, WH
h11
RESERVED
Reserved address
8
h12
ADC_OUT
ADC output
5
XX (2)
h13
OCD_TH
OCD threshold
4
8
3.38A
R, WR
h14
RESERVED
Reserved address
8
8
7
16 microsteps, no synch
R, WH
8
FF
All alarms enabled
R, WR
Internal oscillator, 2 MHz
OSCOUT clock, supply
voltage compensation
disabled, overcurrent
shutdown enabled, slewrate = 290 V/µs TOFF = 40
µs
R, WH
h16
h17
h18
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STEP_MODE Step mode
ALARM_EN
CONFIG
Alarms enables
IC configuration
16
2E88
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
R
L6474
Table 9.
Programming manual
Registers map (continued)
Address
[Hex]
Register
name
h19
STATUS
h1A
RESERVED
Reserved address
h1B
RESERVED
Reserved address
Register function
Len. [bit]
Reset
Hex
16
XXXX (2)
Status
Remarks
Reset Value
(1)
High impedance state,
UVLO/Reset flag set.
R
1. R: Readable, WH: writable only when outputs are in high impedance, WR: always writable.
2. According to startup conditions.
9.1.1
ABS_POS
The ABS_POS register contains the current motor absolute position in agreement to the
selected step mode; the stored value unit is equal to the selected step mode (full, half,
quarter, etc.). The value is in 2's complement format and it ranges from -221 to +221-1.
At power-on the register is initialized to “0” (HOME position).
9.1.2
EL_POS
The EL_POS register contains the current electrical position of the motor. The two MSbits
indicate the current step and the other bits indicate the current microstep (expressed in
step/128) within the step.
Table 10.
Bit 8
EL_POS register
Bit 7
STEP
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
MICROSTEP
When the EL_POS register is written by the user the new electrical position is instantly
imposed. When the EL_POS register is written its value must be masked in order to match
with the step mode selected in the STEP_MODE register in order to avoid a wrong
microstep value generation (see paragraph 9.1.10); otherwise the resulting microstep
sequence is incorrect.
Any attempt to write the register when the outputs are enabled causes the command to be
ignored and the NOTPERF_CMD flag to rise (see paragraph 9.1.13).
9.1.3
MARK
The MARK register contains an absolute position called MARK, according to the selected
step mode; the stored value unit is equal to the selected step mode (full, half, quarter, etc.).
It is in 2's complement format and it ranges from -221 to +221-1.
9.1.4
TVAL
The TVAL register contains the current value that is assigned to the torque regulation DAC.
The available range is from 31.25 mA to 4 A with a resolution of 31.25 mA, as shown in
Table 2.
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Programming manual
Table 11.
L6474
Torque regulation register
TVAL [6..0]
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31.25 mA
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
62.5 mA
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
9.1.5
Output current amplitude
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
3.969 A
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4A
T_FAST
The T_FAST register contains the maximum fast decay time (TOFF_FAST) and the
maximum fall step time (FALL_STEP) used by the current control system (see Sections 7.2
and 7.3 for details):
Table 12.
Bit 7
T_FAST register
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
TOFF_FAST
Bit 1
Bit 0
FAST_STEP
The available range for both parameters is from 0.5 µs to 8 µs.
Table 13.
Maximum fast decay times
TOFF_FAST [3..0]
FAST_STEP[3..0]
Fast decay time
0
0
0
0
0.5 µs
0
0
0
1
1 µs
…
…
…
…
…
1
1
1
0
7.5 µs
1
1
1
1
8 µs
Any attempt to write to the register when the outputs are enabled causes the command to
be ignored and the NOTPERF_CMD to rise (see Section 9.1.13).
9.1.6
TON_MIN
The TON_MIN register contains the minimum ON time value used by the current control
system (see Section 7.2).
The available range for both parameters is from 0.5 µs to 64 µs.
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Programming manual
Table 14.
Minimum ON time
Time
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.5 µs
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1 µs
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
63.5 µs
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
64 µs
Any attempt to write to the register when the outputs are enabled causes the command to
be ignored and the NOTPERF_CMD to rise (see Section 9.1.13).
9.1.7
TOFF_MIN
The TOFF_MIN register contains the minimum OFF time value used by the current control
system (see Section 7.1 for details).This parameter imposes the OFF time of the current
control system only if its value is greater than the TSW one.
The available range for both parameters is from 0.5 µs to 64 µs.
Table 15.
Minimum OFF time
Time
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.5 µs
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1 µs
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
63.5 µs
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
64 µs
Any attempt to write to the register when the outputs are enabled causes the command to
be ignored and the NOTPERF_CMD to rise (see Section 9.1.13).
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Programming manual
9.1.8
L6474
ADC_OUT
The ADC_OUT register contains the result of the analog to digital conversion of the ADCIN
pin voltage.
Any attempt to write to the register causes the command to be ignored and the
NOTPERF_CMD flag to rise (see Section 9.1.13).
Table 16.
ADC_OUT value and torque regulation feature
VADCIN/ VREG
Output current amplitude
0
0
0
0
0
0
125 mA
1/32
0
0
0
0
1
250 mA
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
9.1.9
ADC_OUT [4..0]
30/32
1
1
1
1
0
3.875 A
31/32
1
1
1
1
1
4A
OCD_TH
The OCD_TH register contains the overcurrent threshold value (see Section 6.9 for details).
The available range is from 375 mA to 6 A, steps of 375 mA as shown in Table 17.
Table 17.
Overcurrent detection threshold
OCD_TH [3..0]
0
0
0
0
375 mA
0
0
0
1
750 mA
…
…
…
…
…
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Overcurrent detection threshold
1
1
1
0
5.625 A
1
1
1
1
6A
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L6474
9.1.10
Programming manual
STEP_MODE
The STEP_MODE register has the following structure:
Table 18.
STEP_MODE register
Bit 7
Bit 6
1
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
1 (1)
SYNC_SEL
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
STEP_SEL
1. When the register is written this bit should be set to 1.
The STEP_SEL parameter selects one of five possible stepping modes:
Table 19.
Step mode selection
STEP_SEL[2..0]
Step mode
0
0
0
Full step
0
0
1
Half step
0
1
0
1/4 microstep
0
1
1
1/8 microstep
1
X
X
1/16 microstep
Every time the step mode is changed, the electrical position (i.e. the point of microstepping
sinewave that is generated) is reset to the first microstep.
Warning:
Every time STEP_SEL is changed the value in ABS_POS
register loses meaning and should be reset.
Any attempt to write the register when the outputs are enabled causes the command to be
ignored and the NOTPERF_CMD flag to rise (see paragraph 9.1.13).
The SYNC output provides a synchronization signal according to SYNC_SEL parameter.
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Programming manual
L6474
The synchronization signal is obtained starting from electrical position information (EL_POS
register) according to Table 10:
Table 20.
SYNC signal source
SYNC_SEL[2..0]
Source
0
0
0
EL_POS[7]
0
0
1
EL_POS[6]
0
1
0
EL_POS[5]
0
1
1
EL_POS[4]
1
0
0
EL_POS[3]
1
0
1
UNUSED (1)
1
1
0
UNUSED (1)
1
1
1
UNUSED (1)
1. When this value is selected the BUSY output is forced low.
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9.1.11
Programming manual
ALARM_EN
The ALARM_EN register allows to select which alarm signals are used to generate the
FLAG output. If the respective bit of the ALARM_EN register is set high, the alarm condition
forces the FLAG pin output down.
Table 21.
9.1.12
ALARM_EN register
ALARM_EN bit
Alarm condition
0 (LSB)
Overcurrent
1
Thermal shutdown
2
Thermal warning
3
Undervoltage
4
RESERVED
5
RESERVED
6
Switch turn-on event
7 (MSB)
Wrong or not performable command
CONFIG
The CONFIG register has the following structure:
Table 22.
Bit 15
CONFIG register
Bit 14
Bit 13
0
Bit 12
Bit 11
Bit 10
TOFF
Bit 8
POW_SR
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
OC_SD
RESERVED
EN_TQREG
0
EXT_CLK
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
Bit 9
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
OSC_SEL
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Programming manual
L6474
The OSC_SEL and EXT_CLK bits set the system clock source:
Table 23.
Oscillator management
EXT_CLK OSC_SEL[2..0]
Clock source
OSCIN
OSCOUT
Internal oscillator: 16 MHz
Unused
Unused
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
Internal oscillator: 16 MHz
Unused
Supplies a 2 MHz
clock
1
0
0
1
Internal oscillator: 16 MHz
Unused
Supplies a 4 MHz
clock
1
0
1
0
Internal oscillator: 16 MHz
Unused
Supplies a 8 MHz
clock
1
0
1
1
Internal oscillator: 16 MHz
Unused
Supplies a 16 MHz
clock
0
1
0
0
External crystal or resonator: 8 MHz
Crystal/resonator driving
Crystal/resonator
driving
0
1
0
1
External crystal or resonator: 16
MHz
Crystal/resonator driving
Crystal/resonator
driving
0
1
1
0
External crystal or resonator: 24
MHz
Crystal/resonator driving
Crystal/resonator
driving
0
1
1
1
External crystal or resonator: 32
MHz
Crystal/resonator driving
Crystal/resonator
driving
1
1
0
0
Ext. clock source: 8 MHz
(Crystal/resonator driver disabled)
Clock source
Supplies inverted
OSCIN signal
1
1
0
1
Ext. clock source: 16 MHz
(Crystal/resonator driver disabled)
Clock source
Supplies inverted
OSCIN signal
1
1
1
0
Ext. clock source: 24 MHz
(Crystal/resonator driver disabled)
Clock source
Supplies inverted
OSCIN signal
1
1
1
1
Ext. clock source: 32 MHz
(Crystal/resonator driver disabled)
Clock source
Supplies inverted
OSCIN signal
The OC_SD bit sets whether or not an overcurrent event causes the bridges to turn off; the
OCD flag in the status register is forced low anyway:
Table 24.
Overcurrent event
OC_SD
Overcurrent event
1
Bridges shut down
0
Bridges do not shut down
The POW_SR bits set the slew rate value of power bridge output:
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Programming manual
Table 25.
Programmable power bridge output slew-rate values
Output Slew-rate (1) [V/ìs] (1)
POW_SR [1..0]
0
0
180
0
1
180
1
0
290
1
1
530
1. See SRout_r and SRout_f parameters in the electrical characteristics Table 5 for details.
The TQREG bit sets if the torque regulation (see Section 7.4) is performed through the
ADCIN voltage (external) or TVAL register (internal):
Table 26.
External torque regulation enable
TQREG
External torque regulation enable
0
Internal registers
1
ADC input
The TOFF time is used by current control system. If its value is lower than the TOFF_MIN
one, the OFF time is equal to TOFF_MIN.
Table 27.
OFF time
TOFF [4..0]
OFF time
0
0
0
0
0
4 µs
0
0
0
0
1
4 µs
0
0
0
1
0
8 µs
…
…
…
…
…
…
1
1
1
1
1
124 µs
Any attempt to write the CONFIG register when the outputs are enabled causes the
command to be ignored and the NOTPERF_CMD flag to rise (see Section 9.1.13).
9.1.13
STATUS
Table 28.
STATUS register
Bit 15
Bit 14
Bit 13
Bit 12
Bit 11
Bit 10
Bit 9
Bit 8
1
1
1
OCD
TH_SD
TH_WRN
UVLO
WRONG_CMD
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
NOTPERF_CMD
0
0
DIR
0
0
1
HiZ
When HiZ flag is high, it indicates that the bridges are in high impedance state. Enable
command makes the device exit from High Z state unless error flags forcing a High Z state
are active.
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L6474
The UVLO flag is active low and is set by an undervoltage lock-out or reset events (powerup included). The TH_WRN, TH_SD, OCD flags are active low and indicate, respectively,
thermal warning, thermal shutdown and overcurrent detection events.
The NOTPERF_CMD and WRONG_CMD flags are active high and indicate, respectively,
that the command received by SPI can't be performed or does not exist at all.
The UVLO, TH_WRN, TH_SD, OCD, NOTPERF_CMD and WRONG_CMD flags are
latched: when the respective conditions make them active (low or high), they remain in that
state until a GetStatus command is sent to the IC.
The DIR bit indicates the current motor direction:
Table 29.
STATUS register DIR bit
DIR
Motor direction
1
Forward
0
Reverse
Any attempt to write to the register causes the command to be ignored and the
NOTPERF_CMD to rise (see paragraph 9.1.13).
9.2
Application commands
The commands summary is given in Table 30.
Table 30.
Application commands
Command Mnemonic
Command binary code
Action
[7..5]
[4]
[3]
[2..1]
[0]
NOP
000
0
0
00
0
SetParam(PARAM,VALUE)
000
Enable
101
1
1
00
0
Enable the power stage
Disable
101
0
1
00
0
Puts the bridges in High Impedance status
immediately
GetStatus
110
1
0
00
0
Returns the status register value
RESERVED
111
0
1
01
1
RESERVED COMMAND
RESERVED
111
1
1
00
0
RESERVED COMMAND
9.2.1
[PARAM]
Nothing
Writes VALUE in PARAM register
Command management
The host microcontroller can control motor motion and configure the L6474 through a
complete set of commands.
All commands are composed of a single byte. After the command byte, some bytes of
arguments should be needed (see Figure 15). Argument length can vary from 1 to 3 bytes.
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Programming manual
Figure 15. Command with three-byte argument
By default, the device returns an all zeroes response for any received byte, the only
exceptions are GetParam and GetStatus commands. When one of these commands is
received, the following response bytes represent the related register value (see Figure 16).
Response length can vary from 1 to 3 bytes.
Figure 16. Command with three-byte response
During response transmission, new commands can be sent. If a command requiring a
response is sent before the previous response is completed, the response transmission is
aborted and the new response is loaded into the output communication buffer (see
Figure 17).
Figure 17. Command response aborted
When a byte that does not correspond to a command is sent to the IC it is ignored and the
WRONG_CMD flag in the STATUS register is raised (see Section 9.1.13).
9.2.2
Nop
Table 31.
Nop command structure
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
From host
Nothing is performed.
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Programming manual
9.2.3
L6474
SetParam (PARAM, VALUE)
Table 32.
SetParam command structure
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
0
0
0
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PARAM
From host
VALUE Byte 2 (if needed)
VALUE Byte 1 (if needed)
VALUE Byte 0
The SetParam command sets the PARAM register value equal to VALUE; PARAM is the
respective register address listed in Table 16.
The command should be followed by the new register VALUE (most significant byte first).
The number of bytes composing the VALUE argument depends on the length of the target
register (see Table 16).
Some registers cannot be written (see Table 16); any attempt to write one of those registers
causes the command to be ignored and the WRONG_CMD flag to rise at the end of
command byte, the same is true when an unknown command code is sent (see
Section 9.1.13).
Some registers can only be written in particular conditions (see Table 16); any attempt to
write one of those registers when the conditions are not satisfied causes the command to be
ignored and the NOTPERF_CMD flag to rise at the end of last argument byte (see
Section 9.1.13).
Any attempt to set an inexistent register (wrong address value) causes the command to be
ignored and the WRONG_CMD flag to rise at the end of command byte, the same is true
when an unknown command code is sent.
9.2.4
GetParam (PARAM)
Table 33.
GetParam command structure
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
0
0
1
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
PARAM
Bit 1
Bit 0
from host
ANS Byte 2 (if needed)
to host
ANS Byte 1 (if needed)
to host
ANS Byte 0
to host
This command reads the current PARAM register value; PARAM is the respective register
address listed in Table 16.
The command response is the current value of the register (most significant byte first). The
number of bytes composing the command response depends on the length of the target
register (see Table 16).
The returned value is the register one at the moment of GetParam command decoding. If
register values change after this moment the response is not accordingly updated.
All registers can be read anytime.
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Programming manual
Any attempt to read an inexistent register (wrong address value) causes the command to be
ignored and the WRONG_CMD flag to rise at the end of command byte, the same is true
when an unknown command code is sent.
9.2.5
Enable
Table 34.
HardStop command structure
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
from host
The Enable command turns on the power stage of the device.
When the motor is in high-impedance state, an Enable command forces the bridges to exit
from high impedance state.
This command can be given anytime and is immediately executed.
9.2.6
Disable
Table 35.
Disable command structure
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
from host
The Disable command immediately disables the power bridges (high-impedance state) and
raises the HiZ flag.
This command can be given anytime and is immediately executed.
9.2.7
GetStatus
Table 36.
GetStatus command structure
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
from host
STATUS MSByte
to host
STATUS LSByte
to host
The GetStatus command returns the Status register value. The GetStatus command resets
the STATUS register warning flags. The command forces the system to exit from any error
state. The GetStatus command DOES NOT reset the HiZ flag.
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Package mechanical data
10
L6474
Package mechanical data
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com.
ECOPACK is an ST trademark.
Table 37.
HTSSOP28 mechanical data
mm
Dim
Min.
Typ.
Max.
A
1.2
A1
0.15
A2
0.8
b
0.19
0.3
c
0.09
0.2
D
(1)
9.6
D1
E
E1
(2)
1.0
9.7
6.2
6.4
6.6
4.3
4.4
4.5
2.8
E
0.65
0.45
L1
K
9.8
5.5
E2
L
1.05
0.6
0.75
1.0
0°
Aaa
8°
0.1
1. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs. Mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs
do not exceed 0.15 mm per side.
2. Dimension “E1” does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Interlead flash or protrusions do not exceed
0.25 mm per side.
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L6474
Package mechanical data
Figure 18. HTSSOP28 mechanical data
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
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Package mechanical data
Table 38.
L6474
POWERSO36 mechanical data
mm
inch
Dim.
Min.
Typ.
A
a1
Min.
Typ.
3.60
0.10
0.30
a2
Max.
0.1417
0.003
0.0118
3.30
0.1299
a3
0
0.10
0
0.0039
b
0.22
0.38
0.008
0.0150
c
0.23
0.32
0.009
0.0126
D (1)
15.80
16.00
0.622
0.6299
D1
9.40
9.80
0.370
0.3858
E
13.90
14.50
0.547
0.5709
E1 (1)
10.90
11.10
0.429
0.4370
E2
E3
2.90
5.8
6.2
0.1142
0.228
0.2441
e
0.65
0.025
e3
11.05
0.435
G
0
0.10
0.000
0.0039
H
15.50
15.90
0.610
0.6260
h
L
1.10
0.80
N
S
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Max.
1.10
0.0433
0.031
10°
0°
8°
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
0.0433
10°
0°
8°
L6474
Package mechanical data
Figure 19. POWERSO36 drawings
1
1
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Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
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Revision history
11
L6474
Revision history
Table 39.
50/51
Document revision history
Date
Revision
Changes
02-Dec-2011
1
Initial release.
22-Dec-2011
2
Deleted previous chapter 6.4.1 Automatic full-step mode.
Minor text changes.
Doc ID 022529 Rev 2
L6474
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