CM2400-01 Universal Serial Bus Transceiver with Level Translator Features Product Description • • • • • • • • • • • • The CM2400-01HB Universal Serial Bus (USB) transceiver is fully compliant with the USB specification Rev 1.1 and 2.0. It supports a speed of 12Mbits/s (Full Speed Mode). Complies with USB Specification Rev 1.1 & 2.0 Supports Full Speed Mode (12Mbit/sec.) Integrated 5V to 3.3V regulator Used as a USB device transceiver VBUS disconnection indication through VP, VM Two single-ended receivers with hysteresis USB Detection of VBUS via level translator Stable RCV output during SE0 condition Low power operation Supports 1.65V to 3.3V I/O voltage levels Full industrial operating range -40 to 85 °C Available in small HBCC16 package An internal level shifter allows interface to Application Specific IC's (ASIC's) and Programmable Logic Devices (PLD's) running at core voltages of 1.65V to 3.3V. An internal 5V to 3.3V regulator is used to power the CM2400-01HB USB transceiver via the USB supply VBUS. A voltage comparator has been integrated to detect the VBUS voltage via the level translator. This insures compatibility with the processor’s core voltage and outputs to the USB_DET pin. A high level on the USB_DET output indicates that an active USB cable is attached. Single and differential input modes are selectable by a mode input pin (MODE). Applications • • • • Wireless handsets Digital still cameras PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) IAs (Information Appliances) This device is ideal for portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, digital still cameras, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) and IAs (Information Appliances). The CM2400-01HB is packaged in a small form-factor 16-lead HBCC package to conserve board space. Simplified Block Schematic Voltage Detector VCC ENABLE Voltage Regulator USB_DET VBUS OE VMO/FSEO VPO/VO MODE RCV SPND VP LEVEL TRANSLATOR VREG ENUM VM VPU D+ D- GND © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 10/01/03 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 1 CM2400-01 VP 3 2 OE 1 7 8 Note: This drawing is not to scale. 9 D- 10 D+ HBCC16 11 VPO/VO GND 17 12 VMO/FSEO 16 15 14 ENUM RCV USB DET 4 6 13 VREG VBUS VM VCC 5 VPU SPND MODE PACKAGE / PINOUT DIAGRAM HBCC16 Package Bottom View PIN DESCRIPTIONS PINS NAME DESCRIPTION 1 OE 2 RCV 3 VP Single-ended D+ receiver output for detection of a single-ended zero or error conditions 4 VM Single-ended D- receiver output for detection of a single-ended zero or error conditions. 5 SPND Suspend input. Allows the device to enter a low power state while the USB is inactive. 6 MODE Mode input. Selects between differential (VPO, V MO) and single-ended mode (VO, FSEO). 7 VCC 8 USB_DET 9 D- Negative USB data connection. 10 D+ Positive USB data connection. In full-speed connect mode, connect to VPU via a 1.5kΩ resistor. Tolerance of this resistor is defined in the USB specification REV 1.1 & 2.0 11 VPO/VO Driver data input. 12 VMO/FSEO Driver data input. 13 VREG Regulated supply voltage output during USB operation of VBUS. 1uF decoupling capacitor is required. 14 VBUS Supply voltage input. Can be directly connected to USB VBUS. 15 VPU Pull-up supply voltage. Pin function is controlled by input ENUM. Input for Output Enable (Active low). Enables transceiver driver to transmit data on the USB bus. When OE pin = LOW, driver circuitry is enabled. Differential receiver output of D+ and D- input data lines. The output state of RCV is preserved and stable during an SE0 condition. Supply voltage for digital I/O pins. Voltages supported: 1.65 to 3.3V. I/O level USB detect output. Logic High indicates that a USB cable is present. © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 2 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 10/01/03 CM2400-01 PIN DESCRIPTIONS 16 ENUM 17 GND Enumerate, allows software to control connection of the external pull-up via the level translator. If ENUM = LOW then VPU is floating. If ENUM = HIGH then VPU is internally connected to VREG. The ground terminal is connected to the exposed diepad (heatsink). Ordering Information PART NUMBERING INFORMATION PADS Package Ordering Part Number1 Part Marking 16 HBCC16 CM2400-01HB CMD240001A Note 1: Parts are shipped in Tape & Reel form unless otherwise specified. Specifications ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PARAMETER RATING UNITS +2000 V VBUS [GND - 0.5] to +5.5 V VCC [GND - 0.5] to +6.0 V [GND - 0.5] to [VCC + 0.5] V Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 °C Operating Temperature Range Junction -40 to +150 °C ESD Protection (HBM, All Pins, See Note 1) VI (INPUT) Note 1: Equivalent to discharging a 100pF capacitor via a 1.5kΩ resistor (Human body model). STANDARD (RECOMMENDED) OPERATING CONDITIONS SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX UNITS VBUS USB VBUS Supply 4.1 5.0 5.5 V VCC DC System Supply 1.65 3.3 3.6 V DC Input Voltage 0 - VCC V Analog I/O Pins (D+, D-) 0 - 3.6 V -40 - 85 °C VI VI(AI/O) TAMB Ambient Operating Temperature Range © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 10/01/03 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 3 CM2400-01 Specifications (cont’d) ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS1 Supply Pins (V BUS = 4.1V to 5.5V; VCC = 1.65V to 3.6V) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS VREG Regulated supply output Unloaded 3.0 3.3 3.6 V IBUS Operating supply current Full-speed TX and RX; CL=50pF on D+/D- outputs 10 mA IBUS(IDLE) Supply current during full speed idle and SE0 Full-speed idle; Note 2 500 µA IBUS(SUSP) Supply current during suspend SPND = HI; Note 2 100 µA Operating I/O supply current Full-speed TX and RX 2.0 mA Static I/O supply current Full-speed idle, SE0 or suspend 10.0 µA ICC(SHARE) Supply current during sharing mode VBUS not connected 10.0 µA IDX(SHARE) D+/D- load current during sharing mode VBUS not connected; ENUMERATE = LOW 10.0 µA ICC ICC(STAT) VTH(VBUS) VBUS supply detection threshold, USB_D output Supply lost (USB_D low) 3.6 Supply present V VTH(BUS) Hysteresis VTH(VCC) VCC supply detection threshold. V 4.1 100 Supply lost (USB_D low) mV 0.5 Supply present V 1.4 V VTH(VCC) Hysteresis 200 mV Digital Pins (VBUS = 4.1V to 5.5V; VCC = 1.8V ± 0.15V) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VIL Logic LOW input voltage VIH Logic HIGH input voltage VOL Logic LOW output voltage IOL = 100µA IOL = 2mA VOH Logic HIGH output voltage IOH = 100µA IOH = 2mA MIN TYP MAX UNITS 0.5 V 1.2 V 0.15 0.40 V V 1.50 1.25 V V Digital Pins (VBUS = 4.1V to 5.5V; VCC = 2.5V ± 0.2V) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VIL Logic LOW input voltage VIH Logic HIGH input voltage VOL Logic LOW output voltage IOL = 100µA IOL = 2mA VOH Logic HIGH output voltage IOH = 100µA IOH = 2mA MIN TYP MAX UNITS 0.7 V 1.7 V 0.15 0.40 2.15 1.90 V V V V Note 1: Operating Characteristics are over Standard Operating Conditions unless otherwise specified. Note 2: Excluding any load current and VPU/VSW source current to 1.5kΩ and 15kΩ pull-up and pull-down resistors (200 µA). © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 4 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 10/01/03 CM2400-01 Specifications (cont’d) ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (CONT’D) Analog I/O Pins (V BUS = 4.1V to 5.5V; VCC = 1.65V to 3.6V) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN VDI Differential receiver input sensitivity | VI(D+) - VI(D-) | 0.2 VCM Differential receiver common mode voltage VIL Single-ended receiver logic LOW input voltage VIH Single-ended receiver logic HIGH input voltage 2.0 Single-ended receiver Hysteresis voltage 0.4 VHYS TYP Logic LOW output voltage RL = 1.5KΩ tied to +3.6V VOH Logic HIGH output voltage RL = 15KΩ tied to GND ILZ OFF-state leakage current CIN Transceiver Capacitance RSW Internal switch resistance at VPU ZDRV Driver output impedance (includes 33 ohm 1% resistor) 2.5 V 0.8 V V 2.8 Pin to GND Measured with steady-state drive; See Note 3 UNITS V 0.8 VOL MAX 0.7 V 0.3 V 3.6 V +1 µA 10 pF 30 Ω 33 39 44 Ω MIN TYP MAX UNITS Driver Characteristics & Timings (Full-speed mode only) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS tFR Rise time CL = 50 to 125pF, measured 10% to 90% (VOH-VOL); See Figure 6 4 20 ns tFF Fall time CL = 50 to 125pF, measured 10% to 90% (VOH-VOL); See Figure 6 4 20 ns FRFM Differential rise / fall time matching (tFR/tFF) Excluding the first transition from idle state 90 110 % VCRS Output signal crossover voltage Excluding the first transition from idle state; See Figure 9 1.3 2.0 V 25 ns 25 ns tPLH(DRV) tPHL(DRV) tPHZ tPLZ tPZH tPZL Driver propagation delay (VO/ LOW-to-HIGH transition; See Figure 9 VPO ➔ D+/D-, FSEO/VMO ➔ HIGH-to-LOW transition; See Figure 9 D+/DDriver disable delay (OE ➔ D+/D-) HIGH-to-OFF; See Figure 7 25 ns LOW-to-OFF; See Figure 7 25 ns Driver enable delay (OE ➔ D+/D-) OFF-to-HIGH; See Figure 7 18 ns OFF-to-LOW; See Figure 7 18 ns Note 3: Rev 2.0 states ZDRV must be between 28Ω and 44Ω, when the driver is not high speed capable. © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 10/01/03 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 5 CM2400-01 Specifications (cont’d) ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (CONT’D) Receiver Timings (Full-speed mode only) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS LOW-to-HIGH transition; See Figure 8 15 ns HIGH-to-LOW transition; See Figure 8 15 ns LOW-to-HIGH transition; See Figure 8 15 ns HIGH-to-LOW transition; See Figure 8 15 ns Differential Receiver tPLH(RCV) Driver propagation delay (D+/D- ➔ RCV) tPHL(RCV) Single-ended Receiver tPLH(SE) Driver propagation delay (D+/D- ➔ VP, VM) tPHL(SE) Test Loads Test Point Test Point 15pF 50pF Load for VP,VM and RCV delay measurements 15kΩ 33Ω DUT DUT Load for D+ and D- delay measurements (Max and Min Timing) Test Point 33Ω 200Ω DUT 50pF V V = VREG(3.3) for tPZL and tPLZ V = 0 v for tPZH and tPHZ Load for ENABLE and DISABLE delay measurements. © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 6 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 10/01/03 CM2400-01 Performance Information 1.00 300 0.50 250 VBUS CURRENT [µA] VCC CURRENT [µA] CM2400-01 Typical DC Characteristics (nominal conditions unless specified otherwise) 0.00 -0.50 200 150 100 -1.00 4.1 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 VCC VOLTAGE [V] 60.0 1.00 55.0 0.50 50.0 45.0 40.0 4.5 4.7 4.9 VBUS VOLTAGE [V] 5.1 5.3 5.5 Figure 3. VBUS CURRENT in Idle Mode (SPND=LOW) VCC CURRENT [µA] VBUS CURRENT [µA] Figure 1. VCC Current in Idle Mode (SPND=LOW) 4.3 0.00 -0.50 -1.00 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 VBUS VOLTAGE [V] 5.1 5.3 Figure 2. VBUS Current in Suspend Mode (SPND=HIGH) 5.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 VCC VOLTAGE [V] Figure 4. VCC Current in Suspend Mode (SPND=HIGH) © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 10/01/03 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 7 CM2400-01 Performance Information (cont’d) CM2400-01 Typical AC Characteristics (nominal conditions unless specified otherwise) Figure 5. Rise and Fall Time Matching © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 8 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 10/01/03 CM2400-01 Performance Information CM2400 Timing Diagrams 3.3V INPUT tFR, tLR VOH tFF, tLF 90% 0V 90% VCRS VCRS tPHL(RCV) tPHL(SE) tPLH(RCV) tPLH(SE) VOH OUTPUT 0.9V 0.9V 10% 10% VOL VOL Figure 6. Rise and Fall Timing Figure 8. D+, D- to RCV, VP and VM Timing 1.65V 1.65V INPUT 0.9V 0.9V INPUT 0V tPHZ tPLZ tPZH tPZL VOH 0.9V tPLH(DRV) tPHL(DRV) 0V -0.3V OUTPUT 0.9V VOH VCRS VCRS VCRS OUTPUT +0.3V VOL VOL Figure 7. OE to D+, D- Timing Figure 9. VO/VPO, FSEO/VMO to D+, D- Timing © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 10/01/03 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 9 CM2400-01 Functional Description The CM2400-01HB USB Transceiver supports 3 different power supply configurations, which can be configured dynamically. Table 1 details the various configurations. In Normal Mode the internal regulator produces 3.3V from VBUS to power the internal drivers and receivers associated with the USB protocol. sharing mode. In this mode, VP and VM are driven high while RCV and USB_DET are driven low. In Disable and Sharing Mode, all input/output pins follow the states defined in Table 2. PIN Sharing Mode State Disable Mode State VBUS VBUS < 3.6V 4.1V to 5.5V VBUS VCC CONFIGURATION Connected Connected Normal Mode Connected Not Connected Disable Mode VREG Pulled Down 3.3V Out Not Connected Connected Sharing Mode VCC Present Not Present VPU High-Z (off) High-Z (off) D+, D- High-Z High-Z VP, V M H Invalid RCV L Invalid USB_DET L Invalid Inputs High-Z High-Z Table 1: Power Supply Connections There are three power supply configurations for the CM2400-01HB: Normal mode, Disable mode and Sharing mode. These three modes can be changed dynamically. Normal mode occurs when the VCC and VBUS inputs are both connected to a source. VBUS is tied to a 5V source for 5V operation. The internal regulator of the CM2400-01HB provides 3.3V output on VREG. The VCC input is connected to an independent source that can range from 1.65V to 3.3V. When VCC is not connected and VBUS is connected, the device is in Disable mode. The D+ and D- pins are in tri-state and power consumption drops to a suspend state level. In Sharing mode, VCC is connected while VBUS is below 3.6V. The D+ and D- pins are in tri-state and the CM2400 allows external signals (<3.6V) to share these two lines. The CM2400-01HB is designed to draw almost zero current from the D+ and D- lines while in Table 2: Pin States in Disable or Sharing Mode Table 3 lists the functions of the modes associated with suspend and OE pins. When Suspend is low and OE is high, signal levels on D+ and D- are determined by other USB devices and pull-up/down resistors. In Suspend Mode (SPND = HIGH) the differential receiver is inactive and output RCV is always LOW. Out of suspend signaling is detected via the single-ended receivers VP and VM. During suspend and while the output is still enabled (OE = LOW), D+ and D- lines are driven to their intended states. SUSPEND OE D+ / D- RCV VP/V M Function L L Driver & Receiver Active Active Active Normal driving mode. Differential receiver active L H Receiving Active Active Driver Tri-stated. Differential receiver active. H L Driving Inactive RCV=L Active Driving during ’suspend’. Differential receiver inactive. H H High-Z Inactive RCV=L Active Low-power state. Table 3: Function Selection. © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 10 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 10/01/03 CM2400-01 Functional Description (cont’d) Detailed in Table 4 and Table 5 are the operating modes selected when MODE is set to LOW and HIGH. When MODE = HIGH, the differential input data interface mode is selected. The two driver inputs function as VMO and VPO. When MODE = LOW, the singleended input data interface mode is selected. The two driver inputs function as FSE0 and VO. MODE VO FSE0 Result L (single-ended) L L Logic ‘0’ L H SE0 H L Logic ‘1’ H H SE0 Detection of a VBUS voltage is accomplished via an internal Comparator with hysteresis. The output from this Comparator is fed via the level translator to ensure compatibility with processor core voltages and output to pin USB_DET. When VBUS is over 4.1V, USB_DET is HIGH. When VBUS is under 3.6V, USB_DET is LOW. The CM2400-01HB USB transceiver includes an enumeration pin (ENUM) which internally connects VPU to VREG when enabled. This allows a processor running at a core voltage different than 3.3V to switch the pullup resistor in and out without the need for external circuitry. Table 4: Operating Mode (OE = L) MODE VO FSE0 Result H (differential) L L SE0 L H Logic ‘0’ H L Logic ‘1’ H H Undefined Table 5: Operating Mode (OE = L) Table 6 details the receiving function when OE is HIGH (driver disabled). RCV denotes the signal level on the output RCV just before an SE0 state occurs. This level is stable during the SE0 period. D+/D- RCV VP VM Differential Logic ’0’ L L H Differential Logic ’1’ H H L SE0 RCV* L L Table 6: Receiving Function (SPND = L) Note 1: Denotes RCV is stable in last state before SE0 condition. © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 10/01/03 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 11 CM2400-01 Application Information The CM2400-01 transceiver is targeted for full-speed (12Mbits/s) USB peripherals including handheld electronic devices such as PDAs and cell phones. It provides the interface between the core I/O signals (within a range of 1.65V and 3.6V) and the USB data lines (D+ and D-) operating at 3.3V. This section describes how the USB transceiver interfaces to the USB port and to the controller or ASIC on the other side. A small number of external components is needed that includes two 33Ω series resistors for termination, two capacitors for filtering, and a 1.5KΩ pullup resistor on the D+ data line to configure full-speed (12Mbits/second) operation. This pull-up resistor is tied to the VPU pin which internally connects to VREG (3.3V) when ENUM is set High. An internal switch discon- nects VPU from VREG (VPU floating or high impedance) when ENUM is set Low. CAMD offers the PACUSB-U2 filter, available in both the SC70 and SOT23 6-lead packages, that integrates all these components as well as the additional ESD protection rated to 15kV per the IEC61000-4-2 standard (exceeding level 4). Figure 10 shows a typical electrical schematic for a USB peripheral application. The driver output resistance for the full-speed driver, should be between 28Ω and 44Ω (refer to the USB Specification section 7.1.1.1). Since the CM2400-01 output impedance is about 6Ω, it is recommended that 33Ω series resistors be used. Figure 10. Schematic for USB Peripheral Device • • The MODE pin selects the differential receiver mode when High (CMOS level or VCC), and selects the single-ended receiver mode when Low (connected to GND). The CM2400-01 is used in bus-powered systems only, where the VBUS supply pin is connected to the +5V VBUS line from the USB connector. • The VCC supply pin is the supply for the I/O signal logic that provide the interface with the ASIC. The VCC supply must range between 1.65V min and 3.6V max. © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 12 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 10/01/03 CM2400-01 Application Information (cont’d) The CM2400-01HB includes an internal 3.3V LDO that powers the transceiver from the VBUS. A capacitor (1µF typical) is required on the regulator output (VREG pin). This output can only be used to power a limited external load of a few milliamperes (mA). For USB-powered peripheral applications, the 5V VBUS line can be regulated down to 3.3V or a lower voltage as shown in Figure 10, using a CM3019 regulator. This regulator provides excellent line and load regulation as well as current limit and thermal overload protection. The USB specification recommends the use of a 1µF to 10µF capacitor to be connected to the 5V VBUS. Please contact factory at 800-325-4966 to request on the availability of evaluation boards. © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 10/01/03 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 13 CM2400-01 Mechanical Details The CM2400-01HB is available in a 16-pin HBCC package. Mechanical Package Diagrams HBCC16 Mechanical Specifications TOP VIEW Dimensions for CM2400-01HB devices packaged in 16-pin HBCC packages are presented below. D 13 A A1 9 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS Package HBCC16 Pins 16 Dimensions E Millimeters Inches Min Max A - 0.80 Min 0.0315 Max A1 0.05 0.10 0.0039 b1 0.25 0.35 0.0138 b2 0.30 0.40 0.0157 b3 0.30 0.40 0.0157 D 2.90 3.10 0.1220 Dh 1.45 1.55 0.0610 E 2.90 3.10 0.1220 Eh 1.75 1.85 0.0728 e 0.50 TYP. 0.0197 TYP. e1 2.50 TYP. 0.0984 TYP. e2 2.50 TYP. 0.0984 TYP. e3 2.45 TYP. 0.0965 TYP. e4 2.45 TYP 0.0965 TYP. # per tube 120 pieces* # per tape and reel 2500 pieces 1 5 SIDE VIEW BOTTOM VIEW e1 Dh e 13 9 e e4 Eh e2 1/2 e4 5 1 16 Detail C 1/2 e3 Detail A Detail B e3 Controlling dimension: millimeters * This is an approximate number which may vary. CONTACT (PIN) DIMENSIONS ο CF#0.20x45 b3 b2 b1 b1 b2 b3 Detail A Detail B Detail C Dimensions for HBCC16 Package © 2003 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 14 430 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 ▲ Tel: 408.263.3214 ▲ Fax: 408.263.7846 ▲ www.calmicro.com 10/01/03