CMLMICRO FX506LG

CML Semiconductor Products
PRODUCT INFORMATION
FX506
Mobile Radio Audio Processor
Publication D/506/3 July 1994
Features/Applications
Military/Marine and Mobile
Radio Applications
FM/AM/SSB Applications
16-kbit Data and Voice Scrambler
Compatible
Low-Power 5-Volt CMOS
Process
Full Rx and Tx Filtering to
CEPT Standards
Digital Control of Volume,
Noise Squelch and R.S.S.I.
Tx VOGAD Circuitry
Serial µP Control of ALL Chip
Functions
Deviation Limiter
Tx
Rx
EXTERNAL AUDIO
PROCESSES
RECEIVER
4.0MHz
AUDIO
RSSI
REF.
MODULATION
CTCSS and DATA
FX506
Tx AUDIO
TRANSMITTER
VCO
FX506
Single-Chip
MIC.1
Audio Processor
MIC.2
PA
SERIAL
SQUELCH/CARRIER
BUS
DETECT
SYSTEM
UP
HIGH
SQUELCH
µP
LOW
VOLUME
DOWN
Brief Description
The FX506 is a µProcessor-controlled, single-chip
device containing ALL the circuit elements necessary
to perform the audio functions of a mobile (or portable)
radio system.
On-chip signal paths include: speech-band/preemphasis filters, variable gain/attenuation stages,
voice-compression and deviation limiter circuitry.
Each function in the signal path can be addressed or
by-passed –– providing “real-time,” dynamic control ––
by the µProcessor. This half-duplex device comprises
two separate audio signal paths.
The Pre-Process Path performs filtering and level
adjustment on audio (Rx or Tx) for use in auxiliary
systems such as “Frequency Inversion Scrambling,”
“Sub-Audio” tone or “In-Band” data signalling. This path
is output at the “Pre-Process Audio Output” pin. If no
external processes are being used this output should
be connected to the “Pre-process Audio Input” pin.
The Post-Process Path can adjust and prepare
the input audio for output to the chosen transmitter
driver or loudspeaker amplifier.
Suitably software configured, the FX506, which can
operate on voice, direct-digital or tone-data and subaudio frequencies, is compatible with FM, AM and
SSB type transceivers. Digital gain elements are
provided on-chip for dynamic control and balance of
signal-path levels during manufacturing, test and
operation.
System Squelch, a separate path, is sourced from
either the incoming signal or Received Signal
Strength Indication (R.S.S.I.) from the radio circuitry.
The FX506, a low-power 5-volt CMOS device, is
available in 24-pin/lead plastic DIL and SMD
packages.
Pin Number
Function
DIL
Quad
FX506P FX506LG
FX506LS
1
Xtal: The output of the 4.0MHz on-chip clock oscillator.
2
Xtal/Clock: The input to the on-chip 4.0MHz clock oscillator inverter. All oscillator components are
included on-chip. A 4.0MHz Xtal or externally derived clock should be connected here.
See Figure 2.
3
VDD: Positive supply rail. A single, stable +5-volt supply is required. Levels and voltages within the
Audio Processor are dependent upon this supply.
4
Post Process Audio Input: The analogue input to the Post-Process Path from external audio
operations. Inputs to this pin should be a.c. coupled via a capacitor C7.
See Figures 2 and 4.
5
Pre-Process Audio Output: The analogue output to external audio operations.
See Figure 4.
6
Rx Audio Input: The input from the radio receiver demodulator. This input, which requires to be
a.c. coupled via capacitor C6, is selected by serial data. Audio at this input will be available for use
as a signal-squelch noise source. See Figures 2 and 4.
7
VBIAS: The output of the on-chip analogue bias circuitry, held internally at VDD/2. This pin should be
decoupled to VSS via capacitor C1. See Figure 2.
8
CTCSS/Data Input: To allow the introduction of sub-audio tones or data to the VCO drives.
By manipulation of bits 17, 18 and 19 this input can be “mixed” into the signal path or added as a
burst in between speech segments.
9
Tx Audio Input: The pre-process transmit audio input. This input can be driven from an external
source or from the FX506 Mic. input circuitry. See Figures 2, 3 and 4.
10
Mic. Output: The output of the microphone multiplexer, selected by serial input data. If additional
gain is required for the pre-process input, an external amplifier as shown in Figure 3 is
recommended.
11
Mic.1 Input:
These separate microphone audio inputs are individually selected by the
serial input data. See Figures 2, 3 and 4.
12
Mic.2 Input:
13
VSS: Negative supply rail (GND).
2
Pin Number
Function
DIL
Quad
FX506P FX506LG
FX506LS
14
Compression Capacitor: External components connected to this pin provide the required
compression time-constant. See Figure 2.
15
Audio Output (Rx): The received audio output from the Post-Process path. This output is data
selected and when powersaved is held at VBIAS.
16
VCO Ref. Drive (Tx) Output: The output to drive the modulation reference oscillator. This output
is data selected and when powersaved is held at VBIAS. To prevent any d.c. level at this output
causing incorrect frequency selection it is recommended that a.c. coupling components as shown
in Figure 2 are employed. For modulation down to near d.c., these components should be bypassed.
17
VCO Drive (Tx) Output: The output to drive the modulation VCO. This output is data selected
and when powersaved is held at VBIAS.
18
R.S.S.I.: The input to the Squelch Selection circuitry from the radio's Received Signal Strength
Indicator output. A data selected input.
19
Noise Input: The noise level can be applied to this pin. This would be the Noise Output integrated
by external components, as indicated in Figure 2, or an externally produced noise level.
20
Noise Output: The output of the on-chip “squelch noise rectifier.” This output is a half-wave
rectified d.c. level that can be applied to the Noise Input via external integrating components. This
output could also be used by an external signal detector circuit. This output level is at VBIAS for no
input. See Figures 2, 3 and 4.
21
Squelch Drive: A TTL compatible output. The inputs to the comparator are: the logically selected
threshold level from the Digital-to-Analogue converter and the selected noise input. A logic “0”
signifies that the noise threshold has been exceeded.
22
Serial Clock: The externally produced serial data loading clock input. See Figure 5.
This input has an internal 1MΩ pullup resistor.
23
Serial Data: The controlling, 47-bit serial data input. With Chip Select maintained at a logic “0” the
serial data is entered at this pin, loaded bit 46 first, bit 0 last.
Detailed information on the allocation and function of serial data bits (0 to 46) is given in tabular
form on later pages. Data load timing should be carried out as described in Figure 5. This input
has an internal 1MΩ pullup resistor.
24
Chip Select: The data loading control function. During serial loading this input should be operated
as shown in Figure 5. New data is latched on the rising edge of this waveform.
This input has an internal 1MΩ pullup resistor.
3
External Components and Interfacing
V DD
C
9
XTAL
VSS
X1
XTAL/CLOCK
VDD
C7
POST PROCESS
AUDIO INPUT
PRE-PROCESS AUDIO OUTPUT
C6
Rx
AUDIO INPUT
CTCSS/DATA INPUT
Tx AUDIO INPUT
MIC. OUTPUT
FIG.3
C
MIC. INPUT 1
2
23
3
22
4
21
5
20
FX506P
MIC. INPUT 2
C4
R2
CHIP SELECT
SERIAL DATA INPUT
SERIAL CLOCK INPUT
SQUELCH DRIVE
NOISE OUTPUT
R4
19
NOISE INPUT
7
18
R.S.S.I.
8
17
9
16
10
15
11
14
12
13
VCO DRIVE (Tx)
VCO REF. DRIVE (Tx)
C
AUDIO OUTPUT (Rx)
3
BELOW
C
24
6
VBIAS
SEE
1
5
R3
COMPRESSION
CAPACITOR
VSS
1
C2
C
8
R
1
VBIAS
VSS
Fig.2 Recommended External Components
Notes
R6
MIC. I/P
1
11
MIC. O/P
–
10
C3
/C 4
For dual Tx inputs using both Mic.1 and Mic.2 inputs without
pre-emphasis, capacitors C3 and C4 will be required at the
inputs as shown in Figure 2.
If pre-emphasis is required, the external circuit shown in
Figure 3 is recommended.
The Op-Amp selected for this application should be of a “low
noise wide-bandwidth” type i.e. with at least 60dB of gain at
6kHz.
In addition to the components shown in Figure 2, it is
recommended that the power and VBIAS lines to the external
Op-Amp are decoupled to VSS physically close to the
amplifier, by a 1.0µF capacitor.
C 10
12
Tx
AUDIO INPUT
R5
9
MIC. I/P
2
+
EXTERNAL
OP-AMP
BIAS
Fig.3 Typical 2nd Order Pre-emphasis Input Circuit
Circuit References
Component
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
=
Value
100kΩ
390kΩ
100kΩ
10kΩ
18.0kΩ
2.7MΩ
Tolerance
=
± 10%
± 10%
± 1%
± 10%
± 1%
± 1%
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
=
1.0µF
6.8µF
1.0nF
1.0nF
15nF
0.1µF
± 20%
± 20%
± 1%
± 1%
± 1%
± 20%
C7
C8
C9
C10
X1
=
0.1µF
0.1µF
1.0µF
12.0pF
± 20%
± 20%
± 20%
± 1%
4.0MHz
Layout Recommendations
Audio microcircuit performance will be affected by external
noise.
All external components should be kept as close to
the device as possible.
Ensure that all inputs (analogue and d.c.) are free from
noise.
Xtal/clock and digital tracks should be kept well away
from analogue circuitry. Analogue inputs and outputs
should be screened wherever possible with high-level
outputs isolated from very low-level inputs.
Tracks to the device should be kept short, particularly
the Audio and VBIAS inputs.
A “ground-plane” connected to VSS will help to
eliminate external pick-up.
4
V BIAS
20dB/dec.
DE-EMPHASIS
(GPS)
4.0MHz CLOCK
OSCILLATOR
AND
LOGIC
SERIAL INPUT
PORT
2dB
POST
PROCESS GAIN
Rx (Noise)
#0
20dB/dec.
# 1, 2
INPUT SELECT
Function Control
Bits (#)
PRE-EMPHASIS
Fig.4 PMR Audio Processor – Facilities
XTAL
XTAL/CLOCK
V SS
SERIAL CLOCK
INPUT
CHIP SELECT
SERIAL DATA
INPUT
CTCSS/DATA
INPUT
V BIAS
POST PROCESS
AUDIO INPUT
V DD
Tx AUDIO INPUT
Rx AUDIO INPUT
(GPS)
MIC. SELECT
MIC. OUTPUT
MIC. 2
MIC. 1
PMR Audio Processor
# 15
#
#
#
#
LIMITER
# 40
# 17
Test
DETECT
NOISE
OUTPUT
(GPS)
#
GPS
n
8
(GPS)
(GPS)
16
R.S.S.I.
SQUELCH SELECT
# 45, 46
# 41, 42, 43, 44
# 20, 21, 22
dB
# 27
(I & II)
dB
16
V BIAS
16
Threshold
SQUELCH
DRIVE
SQUELCH LEVEL
COMPARATOR
+
VCO REF
DRIVE (Tx)
VCO
DRIVE (Tx)
AUDIO
OUTPUT (Rx)
# 14
PRE-PROCESS
AUDIO OUTPUT
OUTPUT DRIVE
# 27
(1.5V to 3.5V)
DAC
#/
V BIAS
(GPS)
V BIAS
(GPS)
# 23, 24, 25, 26
# 36
16
# 32, 33, 34, 35
# 36
PRE-PROCESS GAIN
(-2.75dB to +1.0dB)
(GPS)
16
# 10, 11, 12, 13
= Controlling Logic Bit Number/s
= Adjustable Element, n = Number of steps
= General Powersave
# 28, 29, 30, 31
INPUT LPF
3000Hz
KEY
GENERAL POWERSAVE
(GPS)
(GPS)
Threshold
NOISE
INPUT
MIXER
AMP
∑
SQUELCH SYSTEM
# 37, 38, 39
SQUELCH DETECT
(-3.0dB to +4.0dB)
8
(GPS)
POST-DEVIATION
LIMITER FILTER
3000Hz
2550Hz
(Nar./Wide)
# 16
(Nar./Wide)
TEST SIGNAL PATH
OUTPUT DRIVE
SELECT
# 18, 19
(# 7, # 8, # 9 [# 14])
INPUT HPF
300Hz
0/14dB
PRE-PROCESS PATH
POST-PROCESS PATH
COMPRESSOR (VOGAD)
0dB Gain
Rx (Noise)
Test
INPUT GAIN AMP
(0 to 15dB)
(GPS)
16
# 3, 4, 5, 6
COMPRESSION
CAPACITOR
Explanatory Block Diagram
U
5
Circuit Descriptions and Serial Control Information ...... 1
Control bits
Function
Notes
(LSB) loaded last
0
0
1
Mic. Select
– Microphone Input 1
– Microphone Input 2
1
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
3
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
4
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
5
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
1
0
X
X
X
8
1
1
0
X
X
9
1
1
1
0
X
14
1
1
1
1
0
A multiplexed “microphone” input allowing the use
of differing type and level voice inputs.
Input Select
– Rx Input
De-emphasis Bypass; HPF to 0dB
– Rx Input
De-emphasis Select; HPF to 0dB
– Tx Input
Powersave De-emphasis;
HPF to 14dB
– Path Input to VBIAS;
Powersave De-emphasis
Input Gain Amplifier
– Gain Set
0.0dB
1.0dB
2.0dB
3.0dB
4.0dB
5.0dB
6.0dB
7.0dB
8.0dB
9.0dB
10.0dB
11.0dB
12.0dB
13.0dB
14.0dB
15.0dB
Compressor
Enabled
Powersaved
Powersaved
Powersaved
Powersaved
Transmit or receive audio sources are selected,
inserting the appropriate path gain for the chosen
input.
The input path can be set to bias whilst allowing
receiver noise monitoring.
A gain element intended to adjust the drive level to
the compressor, catering for differing signal
sources and microphone sensitivities.
HPF
Enabled
Enabled
Powersaved
Powersaved
Powersaved
LPF
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Powersaved
Powersaved
Pre-Process Output
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Powersaved
The Pre-Process Path LPF should be selected whilst CEPT ‘Response to the Tx to Mod.
frequencies exceeding 3kHz’ tests are carried out.
10
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
11
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
12
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
14
0
1
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Pre-Process Gain
– Gain Set
-2.75dB
-2.50dB
-2.25dB
-2.00dB
-1.75dB
-1.50dB
-1.25dB
-1.00dB
-0.75dB
-0.50dB
-0.25dB
0dB
0.25dB
0.50dB
0.75dB
1.00dB
An in-line output drive stage providing adjustable
gain or attenuation to compensate for level
tolerances in the external audio processes and
peripherals.
The output of this amplifier stage is available for
further voice (audio) processing such as
“Frequency Inversion Voice Scrambling.”
Pre-Process Output
– Disable Pre-Process Output
Output at VBIAS
– Enable Pre-Process Audio Output
6
Bit 14 is the Enable/Powersave function for the
Pre-Process output stages.
See Bits 7 8 9 14 .....
Reference ...... Figure 4
Circuit Descriptions and Serial Control Information ...... 2
Control bits
Element
15
Notes
Post-Process Gain
A fixed 2.0dB gain stage.
Pre-emphasis
A selectable pre-emphasis stage set around
1.0kHz, with a characteristic of 6dB per octave.
It is available for use when transmitting data signals
such as FFSK. See Table below for Powersave
information.
Deviation Limiter
A pre-set amplitude limiting stage for deviation
control.
and
16
Post-Deviation Limiter Filter
0
– Narrow filter bandwidth,
cut-off = 2550Hz.
– Wide filter bandwidth,
cut-off = 3000Hz.
1
CTCSS/Data Input
17
0
1
23
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
– Disable Input path to Mixer system
– Enable Input path to Mixer system
15
X
0
1
X
X
18
0
1
1
1
0
19
0
0
0
1
1
20
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
21
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
22
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
24
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
25
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
27
This lowpass filter which is selected with the
Deviation Limiter, is adjustable to Narrow (2550Hz)
and Wide (3000Hz) bandwidths, allowing for
different channel-spacing requirements.
Pre-Emphasis
Powersaved
Powersaved
Enabled
Powersaved
Powersaved
26
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Limiter and Post-Dev LPF
Powersaved
Enabled
Enabled
Powersaved
Powersaved
Drive Selected
Test Path
Post-ProcessPath
Post-Process Path
Post-Process Bypass
Bias
VCO Reference Drive Attenuator
– Gain Set
-28dB
-24dB
-20dB
-16dB
-12dB
-8.0dB
-4.0dB
0.0dB
The in-line control attenuator for the VCO reference
channel drive output.
VCO Reference Drive Amplifier
– Gain Set
-2.75dB
-2.50dB
-2.25dB
-2.00dB
-1.75dB
-1.50dB
-1.25dB
-1.00dB
-0.75dB
-0.50dB
-0.25dB
0dB
0.25dB
0.50dB
0.75dB
1.00dB
The in-line control amplifier/attenuator for the VCO
reference channel drive output.
Output Drive Control
Used in conjunction with Bit 36 to control output
functions.
Reference ...... Figure 4
7
Circuit Descriptions and Serial Control Information ...... 3
Control bits
28
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
29
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
Element
30
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
VCO Drive Attenuator I
– Gain Set
-22.4dB
-19.2dB
-16.0dB
-12.8dB
-9.6dB
-6.4dB
-3.2dB
0dB
31
0
1
32
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
37
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
33
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
34
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
27
36
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
38
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
40
0
1
Notes
35
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
An in-line control attenuator for the VCO Tx channel
drive output.
This channel is also selected as Audio Output (Rx)
under the control of bit 36. This attenuator can be
used in a volume control application.
VCO Drive Attenuator II
– Gain Set
-25.6dB
0dB
An in-line control attenuator for the VCO Tx channel
drive output. As an example, when bits 28 to 31 are
set to “0,” the gain set is -48.0dB (-22.4 + -25.6).
VCO Drive Amplifier
– Gain Set
-2.75dB
-2.50dB
-2.25dB
-2.00dB
-1.75dB
-1.50dB
-1.25dB
-1.00dB
-0.75dB
-0.50dB
-0.25dB
0dB
0.25dB
0.50dB
0.75dB
1.00dB
The in-line control amplifier/attenuator for the VCO
Tx channel drive output.
This channel is also selected as Audio Output (Rx)
under the control of bit 36. This amplifier can be
used in a volume control application.
VCO Drive (Tx)
VCO Ref (Tx)
Audio Output
Output
Output
(Rx)
Bias
Bias
Bias
Bias
Bias
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Bias
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
The Drive and Ref. paths are powersaved by Bits 45 and 46 in the “Total Powersave” or
“Listening Powersave” conditions. When making internal changes it is recommended that these
outputs are disconnected (placed in a bias condition) from the relevant output (load) circuitry.
39
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
Squelch Filter (Gain)
– Gain Set
-3.0dB
-2.0dB
-1.0dB
0dB
1.0dB
2.0dB
3.0dB
4.0dB
The squelch function is set by bits 45 & 46
(Squelch Source Selection).
The centre frequency gain of this element is 35dB,
data selected gain variations (-3.0dB to 4.0dB) are
around this value.
Squelch Filter (Narrow/Wide)
– Narrow
(ƒc ≈ 18kHz ± 6.5kHz).
– Wide
(ƒc ≈ 25kHz ± 8.5kHz).
For use in wide or narrow channel systems.
The squelch function is set by bits 45 & 46
(Squelch Source Selection).
Reference ...... Figure 4
8
Circuit Descriptions and Serial Control Information ...... 4
Control bits
41
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Element
44
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Notes
42
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
43
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
45
46
Squelch Source Selector
As well as selecting the input to the Noise
Comparator, these two bits produce additional
General Powersave (GPS) functions which control
those elements not having individual serial control.
0
0
A “Total Powersave” condition
Powersaved: Input Gain Amp – Post Process
(2dB) Gain Amp – Mixer Amp – Noise BPF –
Noise Rectifier – Squelch Comparator
1
0
Noise Input selected to Comparator
0
1
R.S.S.I. input selected to Comparator
1
1
Powersave but LISTENING condition
R.S.S.I. input selected to Comparator
Squelch Threshold Voltage
3.500V d.c.
3.366
3.233
3.100
2.966
2.833
2.700
2.566
2.433
2.300
2.166
2.033
1.900
1.766
1.633
1.500
70.0% VDD
67.3%
64.6%
62.0%
59.3%
56.6%
54.0%
51.3%
48.6%
46.0%
43.3%
40.6%
38.0%
35.3%
32.6%
30.0%
The fine squelch adjustment level from the Digitalto-Analogue converter.
These threshold levels are used as a comparison
with the selected input noise voltage (bits 45 and
46).
Variation in VDD will produce variation in threshold
levels.
Powersaved: Input Gain Amp – Post Process
(2dB) Gain Amp – Mixer Amp – Noise BPF –
Noise Rectifier
Rx Noise Path
Any high-frequency noise (18kHz/25kHz) present at the Rx Audio Input will also be available at
the Noise Output pin via the squelch filter and noise rectifier (when enabled) for use as a
squelch detection level. This means that the FX506 can be set to “LISTEN” with the majority of
circuit elements powersaved until an R.S.S.I. level is detected and produces a "Squelch Drive
output."
Test Signal Path
This path, when selected, can be used as a direct path, via the Output Drive Selector
(bits 18 and 19), to dynamically set and balance the VCO drive and reference output levels.
Reference ...... Figure 4
9
Serial Control Bits – Loading and Timing Information
Data Clocked
[1]
t PWH
t PWL
[1]
SERIAL CLOCK IN
[2]
t DS
t DH
bit 45
bit 46 - loaded first
bit 44
bit 0 - loaded last
SERIAL DATA IN
47-bit Data Word Latched
t CSS
t CSH
[3]
CHIP SELECT
Fig.5 Data Load Timing Diagram
Data Loading
Serial Data bits, whose functions are described on the previous pages, are loaded to the FX506 using
the timing format illustrated on this page. All 47 bits must be loaded. Data is loaded bit 46 first, bit 0 last.
Function
Serial Clock
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
[1]
‘High’ Pulse Width
tPWH
600
–
–
ns
‘Low’ Pulse Width
tPWL
600
–
–
ns
Data Set-Up Time
tDS
360
–
–
ns
Data Hold Time
tDH
120
–
–
ns
Select Set-Up Time
tCSS
600
–
–
ns
Select Hold Time
tCSH
600
–
–
ns
Serial Data
[2]
Chip Select
[3]
[1]
The Serial Clock pulses do not have to be symmetrical, as shown above, but pulse lengths must
conform to the “minimum” time specification.
[2]
Individual data bits (logic “1” or “0”) are loaded to the device on the rising edge of the input Serial
Data Clock pulse. The data hold period (tDH) is to ensure that the data level is steady when it is
sampled.
[3]
The full 47-bit data word is latched into the device on the rising edge of the Chip Select waveform,
at this time the loaded data is acted upon and the circuit configuration/settings will change.
10
System Response Characteristics
2
Gain (dB)
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
300
3400
-20
200
500
1000
2000
5000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
Fig.6 Typical Pre-Process Path Frequency Response
System Frequency Characteristics
Figure 6 shows a typical, response curve of the Pre-Process Path, in receive mode, set against the
device specification. The general characteristic shape is produced by the Input Highpass and Lowpass
Filters, without the internal pre-emphasis element.
Figure 7 shows a typical response curve of the Post-Process Path set against the device specification.
The general characteristic shape is produced by the Post-Deviation Limiter Filter, without the deemphasis element.
2
Gain (dB)
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
2700
3400
-20
200
500
1000
2000
5000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
Fig.7 Typical Post-Process Path Frequency Response
11
Application Information ......
Suggested Evaluation Tests and Settings
COMPRESSION
CAPACITOR
PRE-PROCESS PATH
MIC. 1
10mVrms
710mVrms
DETECT
MIC. OUTPUT
0dB
20dB/dec.
0dB
710mVrms
158mVrms
300Hz
24dB
External
Gain
PRE-PROCESS
AUDIO OUTPUT
3000Hz
600mVrms
To
External
Audio Processes
14dB
158mVrms
Tx AUDIO INPUT
POST-PROCESS PATH
2.2V p-p (100%)
Output Level
Test
dB
From
External Audio
Processes
755mVrms
600mVrms
20dB/dec.
VCO
DRIVE (Tx)
2550Hz
0dB
2dB
0dB
∑
POST PROCESS
AUDIO INPUT
2.2V p-p (100%)
Output Level
3000Hz
dB
0dB
VCO REF
DRIVE (Tx)
0dB
CTCSS/DATA
Fig.8 Transmit Path – Suggested Test Settings
Active elements used in the signal path.
Powersaved or by-passed elements that are not
employed in the signal path.
PRE-PROCESS PATH
DETECT
11dB
20dB/dec.
200mVrms
-2.0dB
PRE-PROCESS
AUDIO OUTPUT
710mVrms
Rx AUDIO INPUT
300Hz
3000Hz
564mVrms
INPUT H.P.F.
0dB
Rx (Noise)
AUDIO
OUTPUT (Rx)
POST-PROCESS PATH
2.2V p-p
(100%)
dB
710mVrms
564mVrms
20dB/dec.
2550Hz
0dB
2dB
0dB
∑
3000Hz
dB
#/
SQUELCH SYSTEM
U
Rx (Noise)
DAC
+
NOISE
OUTPUT
Fig.9 Receive and Squelch Paths – Suggested Test Settings
12
NOISE
INPUT
SQUELCH
DRIVE
Application Information
Suggested Evaluation Tests and Settings
Operational Information
The functions of the FX506 are selected and controlled using the 47-bit Serial Data Input. This
application section assists in the familiarization of control by providing example operational paths
and system confidence tests.
The signal levels employed in these examples are to demonstrate the functions of the device.
Maximum and minimum operational signal levels are detailed in the “Specification” pages. A final
output signal level of 2.2V p-p is considered, operationally, to be 100% (FM deviation).
Set-up and enter the example data word in accordance with Figures 2 and 4.
Test the FX506 using levels and points detailed in Tables 1, 2 and 3.
Experimentation will indicate the signal element configuration and required control settings for
various input and output levels.
Transmit Path –
The Serial Data word below will produce the transmit element configuration shown in Figure 8.
bit 0 – 01000001 11110110 X0101111 10111111 11010XXX XXXXX10 – bit 46
0 = logic 0
Step
1 = logic 1
Input
–
Level
Output
X = not important to the example
–
(mV rms @ 1kHz)
Level
Note
1
2
3
Mic. 1
Ext. Audio Process In
Mic. 1
10
750
4.8
Pre-Process Audio
VCO Drive/Ref.
Pre-Process Audio
4
Ext. Audio Process In
410
VCO Drive and Ref.
Output Level
Ref. to Max.
(mV rms @ 1kHz)
750
Ext +24.0dB
1.54≤ VOUT ≤2.2Vp-p
410
Ext +24.0dB
70 – 100%
60%
466
60%
Table 1 Transmit Path Operational Check
To establish a 100% level for this device inject a large amplitude audio signal into the Post Process
Audio Input, with the Limiter enabled.
Receive Path –
The Serial Data word below will produce the receive element configuration shown in Figure 9.
bit 0 – X0111010 11110010 X010XXXX XXX01111 11011XXX XXXXX10 – bit 46
0 = logic 0
Step
1 = logic 1
Input
–
Level
Output
X = not important to the example
–
(mV rms @ 1kHz)
1
2
3
4
Rx Audio In
Ext. Audio Process In
Rx Audio In
Rx Audio In
200
564
145
145
Level
Note
Pre-Process Audio
Audio Out (Rx)
Audio Out (Rx)
Audio Out (Rx)
Output Level
Ref. to Max.
(mV rms @ 1kHz)
564
70 -100%
1.54≤ VOUT ≤2.2Vp-p
466
60%
466±
60%±
vary bits 28 – 35 for Volume
Table 2 Receive Path Operational Check
To establish a 100% level for this device inject a large amplitude audio signal into the Post Process
Audio Input, with the Limiter enabled.
Squelch Path –
The Serial Data word below will produce the squelch element configuration shown in Figure 9.
bit 0 – X00XXXXX XXXXXX0X X010XXXX XXX0XXXX XXXX1110 1110110 – bit 46
0 = logic 0
Step
Input
1 = logic 1
–
Level
Output
X = not important to the example
–
Level
Note
(mV rms @ 25kHz)
1
2
Rx Audio In
Rx Audio In
0
50.0
Squelch Drive
Squelch Drive
Table 3 Squelch Path Operational Check
13
logic “1”
logic “0”
No noise – “Noise Out” = VBIAS
Noise In – “Noise Out” decreases
Specification
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Exceeding the maximum rating can result in device damage. Operation of the device outside the operating limits is not implied.
Supply voltage
Input voltage at any pin (ref VSS = 0V)
Sink/source current (supply pins)
(other pins)
Total device dissipation @ TAMB 25°C
Derating
Operating temperature range:
FX506P
FX506LG/LS
Storage temperature range:
FX506P
FX506LG/LS
-0.3 to 7.0V
-0.3 to (VDD + 0.3V)
+/- 30mA
+/- 20mA
800mW Max.
10mW/°C
-30°C to +70°C (plastic)
-30°C to +70°C (plastic)
-40°C to +85°C (plastic)
-40°C to +85°C (plastic)
Operating Limits
All device characteristics are measured under the following conditions unless otherwise specified:
VDD = 5.0V. TAMB = 25°C. Xtal/Clock f0 = 4.0MHz. Audio level 0dB ref: = 466mV rms @ 1.0kHz (60% deviation, FM).
Characteristics
Static Values
Supply Voltage
Supply Current
See Note
(All Elements Enabled)
(Listening Powersave)
(Maximum Powersave)
Dynamic Values
Input Logic “1”
Input Logic “0”
1
1
Input Impedances
Digital
Mic.1 or 2
Rx Audio
Tx Audio
CTCSS/Data
External Audio Process
Noise, R.S.S.I.
Output Impedances
Pre-Process Audio
Audio Out (Rx)
VCO Drive and Ref. Out
Squelch Drive
(Logic “1”)
(Logic “0”)
Noise Output
(Diode conducting)
(Diode not conducting)
Signal Path Switch Isolation (Disabled)
Switches
Test Path
Signal Input Levels
Mic.1 or 2
Rx Audio
Tx Audio
CTCSS/Data
Post Process
Noise, R.S.S.I.
Signal Output Levels
Pre-Process Audio
VCO – (Drive, Ref.)
Audio (Rx
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
4.5
–
–
–
5.0
8.0
–
–
5.5
–
1.0
1.0
V
mA
mA
mA
3.5
–
–
–
–
1.5
V
V
0.1
–
30.0
30.0
50.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
–
56.0
100
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
MΩ
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
MΩ
MΩ
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.0
500
1.0
500
3.0
3.0
3.0
–
–
–
–
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
kΩ
Ω
kΩ
kΩ
40.0
–
–
60.0
–
–
dB
dB
1.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
145
–
–
–
–
100
200
1414
4.0
1123
4.0
mV rms
mV rms
mV rms
V p-p
mV rms
V p-p
–
–
–
600
2.2
2.2
–
–
–
mV rms
V p-p
V p-p
1.3
0.3
4.5
3.7
26.2
0.3
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
10
2
10
(Compressor enabled)
(Limiter in circuit)
(Limiter in circuit)
Variable Element Step
Input Gain Amp
Pre-Process Gain
VCO Ref. Attenuator
VCO Drive Attenuator I
VCO Drive Attenuator II
VCO Amplifiers (Drive and Ref.)
0.7
0.2
3.5
2.7
25.0
0.2
14
Specification ......
Characteristics
See Note
Min.
Typ.
Max.
3, 12
4, 11
48.0
–
52.0
-40.0
–
-30.0
dBp
dB
–
–
–
30.0
7.0
1000
–
–
–
dB
ms
ms
–
2.0
–
V p–p
–
–
-3.0
-1.5
3.0
12.0
–
6.0
240
4.7
–
–
4.2
–
2.3
–
–
–
1.0
1.0
–
–
–
–
Hz
kHz
dB
dB
dB
dB/oct.
dB
dB/oct.
–
-1.5
-3.0
12.2
18.0
3.4
–
–
17.0
–
–
1.0
1.0
–
–
kHz
dB
dB
dB
dB/oct.
Narrowband: Lowpass Frequency (-3dB)
Passband Ripple
(< 2300Hz)
(2300Hz - 2550Hz)
Stopband Attenuation
(ƒ = 4.25kHz)
High Frequency Roll-off
(ƒ = >2.3kHz, <5.1kHz)
–
-1.5
-3.0
12.2
18.0
2.9
–
–
17.0
–
–
1.0
1.0
–
–
kHz
dB
dB
dB
dB/oct.
Pre-emphasis: Passband Frequencies
Gain at 1kHz
Slope Characteristic
De-emphasis: Passband Frequencies
Gain at 1kHz
Slope Characteristic
300
–
–
300
–
–
0
6.0
3000
–
–
3000
–
–
Hz
dB
dB/oct.
Hz
dB
dB/oct.
–
-3.0
35.0
–
–
4.0
dB
dB
(ƒc)
(ƒc ±)
–
–
18.75
6.5
–
–
kHz
kHz
(ƒc)
(ƒc ±)
–
–
25.5
8.5
–
–
kHz
kHz
Output Distortion
Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Total Harmonic Distortion Level
Compressor
Dynamic Range
Attack Time
Decay Time
Deviation Limiter
Input Thresholds
Frequency Responses
Pre-Process Path
Passband Frequencies
-3dB (Lower)
-3dB (Upper)
Passband Ripple
4
6
(300Hz - 400Hz)
(400Hz - 3400Hz)
(ƒ = 5kHz)
(ƒ = >5kHz, <20kHz)
(ƒ = 250Hz)
(ƒ = <250Hz)
5
5
Post-Process Path
Wideband : Lowpass Frequency (-3dB)
Passband Ripple
(< 2700Hz)
(2700Hz - 3000Hz)
Stopband Attenuation
(ƒ = 5kHz)
High Frequency Roll-off
(ƒ = >3kHz, <20kHz)
7
Stopband Attenuation
High Frequency Roll-off
Stopband Attenuation
Low Frequency Roll-off
Squelch Bandpass Filter
Centre Frequency Gain
Selectable Gain
Narrow Band:
Centre Frequency
Bandwidth
Wideband:
Centre Frequency
Bandwidth
Unit
(Wide and Narrow)
(8 x 1.0dB steps)
8
8
9
0
6.0
Notes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
A percentage of the applied VDD (70% or 30%).
These inputs are compared internally with the Digital-to-Analogue converter.
With a minimum signal input level of 50mVrms at the Tx I/P or 65mVrms at the Rx I/P and an output level of
466mVrms.
Levels at the input of the Limiter element, centred about V BIAS (Note 2).
This parameter remains within specification when pre-emphasis is employed.
With both Input HPF and LPF in circuit, but without pre-emphasis.
With Limiter LPF, but without de-emphasis characteristics.
This parameter remains within specification when de-emphasis is employed.
The gain variation around the centre frequency (ƒc).
See Application Information pages (Suggested Evaluation Tests) for information on gain element settings.
Mode: Tx with Compressor “OFF;” or in Rx, signal below limiter thresholds; Output level 466mVrms.
Measured in a 30kHz bandwidth.
In the Tx mode with the Input Gain Amp set to ≤ 4.0dB.
15
Package Outlines
Handling Precautions
The FX506 is available in the package styles outlined
below. Mechanical package diagrams and specifications
are detailed in Section 10 of this document.
Pin 1 identification marking is shown on the relevant
diagram and pins on all package styles number
anti-clockwise when viewed from the top.
The FX506 is a CMOS LSI circuit which includes input
protection. However precautions should be taken to
prevent static discharges which may cause damage.
FX506LG 24-pin quad plastic encapsulated
bent and cropped
(L1)
FX506LS
24-lead plastic leaded chip carrier
(L2)
NOT TO SCALE
NOT TO SCALE
Max. Body Length
Max. Body Width
Max. Body Length
Max. Body Width
10.25mm
10.25mm
FX506P
24-pin plastic DIL
10.40mm
10.40mm
(P4)
NOT TO SCALE
Ordering Information
FX506LG
24-pin encapsulated bent and
cropped
(L1)
FX506LS
24-lead plastic leaded chip
carrier
(L2)
FX506P
24-pin plastic DIL
(P4)
Max. Body Length
Max. Body Width
CML does not assume any responsibility for the use of any circuitry described. No circuit patent licences are implied
and CML reserves the right at any time without notice to change the said circuitry.
31.85mm
13.82mm
CML Microcircuits
COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS
CML Product Data
In the process of creating a more global image, the three standard product semiconductor
companies of CML Microsystems Plc (Consumer Microcircuits Limited (UK), MX-COM, Inc
(USA) and CML Microcircuits (Singapore) Pte Ltd) have undergone name changes and, whilst
maintaining their separate new names (CML Microcircuits (UK) Ltd, CML Microcircuits (USA)
Inc and CML Microcircuits (Singapore) Pte Ltd), now operate under the single title CML Microcircuits.
These companies are all 100% owned operating companies of the CML Microsystems Plc
Group and these changes are purely changes of name and do not change any underlying legal
entities and hence will have no effect on any agreements or contacts currently in force.
CML Microcircuits Product Prefix Codes
Until the latter part of 1996, the differentiator between products manufactured and sold from
MXCOM, Inc. and Consumer Microcircuits Limited were denoted by the prefixes MX and FX
respectively. These products use the same silicon etc. and today still carry the same prefixes.
In the latter part of 1996, both companies adopted the common prefix: CMX.
This notification is relevant product information to which it is attached.
Company contact information is as below:
CML Microcircuits
(UK)Ltd
CML Microcircuits
(USA) Inc.
CML Microcircuits
(Singapore)PteLtd
COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS
COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS
COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS
Oval Park, Langford, Maldon,
Essex, CM9 6WG, England
Tel: +44 (0)1621 875500
Fax: +44 (0)1621 875600
[email protected]
www.cmlmicro.com
4800 Bethania Station Road,
Winston-Salem, NC 27105, USA
Tel: +1 336 744 5050,
0800 638 5577
Fax: +1 336 744 5054
[email protected]
www.cmlmicro.com
No 2 Kallang Pudding Road, 09-05/
06 Mactech Industrial Building,
Singapore 349307
Tel: +65 7450426
Fax: +65 7452917
[email protected]
www.cmlmicro.com
D/CML (D)/1 February 2002