bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 www.ti.com SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 1A, Single-Input, Single Cell Li-Ion Battery Charger Check for Samples: bq24090, bq24091 FEATURES – Available in Small 10-Pin MSOP Package 1 • • • CHARGING – 1% Charge Voltage Accuracy – 10% Charge Current Accuracy – Pin Selectable USB 100mA and 500mA Maximum Input Current Limit – Programmable Termination and Precharge Threshold PROTECTION – 6.6V Over-Voltage Protection – Input Voltage Dynamic Power Management – 125°C Thermal Regulation; 150°C Thermal Shutdown Protection – OUT Short-Circuit Protection and ISET Short Detection – Operation Over JEITA Range via Battery NTC – 1/2 Fast-Charge-Current at Cold, 4.06V at Hot, bq24092/3 – Fixed 10 Hour Safety Timer SYSTEM – Automatic Termination and Timer Disable Mode (TTDM) for Absent Battery Pack With Thermistor – Status Indication – Charging/Done APPLICATIONS • • • • Smart Phones PDAs MP3 Players Low-Power Handheld Devices DESCRIPTION The bq2409x series of devices are highly integrated Li-ion linear chargers devices targeted at space-limited portable applications. The devices operate from either a USB port or AC adapter. The high input voltage range with input overvoltage protection supports low-cost unregulated adapters. The bq2409x has a single power output that charges the battery. A system load can be placed in parallel with the battery as long as the average system load does not keep the battery from charging fully during the 10 hour safety timer. The battery is charged in three phases: conditioning, constant current and constant voltage. In all charge phases, an internal control loop monitors the IC junction temperature and reduces the charge current if an internal temperature threshold is exceeded. 1.5kW bq24090 Adaptor 1 IN DC+ OUT 10 1.5kW GND 1mF 1kW 2 ISET TS 9 3 VSS CHG 8 System Load Battery Pack ++ 1mF 4 PRETERM ISET2 7 OR 5 PG NC 6 VDD 2kW TTDM USB Port ISET/100/500mA VBUS GND GND D+ D+ D- Disconnect after Detection D- Host 1 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED this document contains PRODUCTION DATA information current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. DESCRIPTION CONTINUED The charger power stage and charge current sense functions are fully integrated. The charger function has high accuracy current and voltage regulation loops, charge status display, and charge termination. The pre-charge current and termination current threshold are programmed via an external resistor. The fast charge current value is also programmable via an external resistor. ORDERING INFORMATION PART # VO(REG) VOVP JEITA TS/CE PG PACKAGE Marking 2 bq24090 4.20 V 6.6 V No 10kΩ NTC Yes 10 PIN 5x3mm bq24090 bq24091 4.20 V 6.6 V No 100kΩ NTC Yes 10 PIN 5x3mm2 bq24091 bq24092 4.20 V 6.6 V Yes 10kΩ NTC Yes 10 PIN 5x3mm2 bq24093 4.20 V 6.6 V Yes 100kΩ NTC Yes 10 PIN 5x3mm2 Product Preview ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) Input Voltage VALUE UNIT IN (with respect to VSS) –0.3 to 7 V OUT (with respect to VSS) –0.3 to 7 V PRE-TERM, ISET, ISET2, TS, CHG, PG, ASI, ASO (with respect to VSS) –0.3 to 7 V A Input Current IN 1.25 Output Current (Continuous) OUT 1.25 A Output Sink Current CHG 15 mA TJ Junction temperature –40 to 150 °C TSTG Storage temperature –65 to 150 °C (1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage values are with respect to the network ground terminal unless otherwise noted. PACKAGE DISSIPATION RATINGS (1) (1) (2) 2 (2) PACKAGE RqJA RqJC TA ≤ 25°C POWER RATING DERATING FACTOR TA > 25°C 5x3mm MSOP 52°C/W 48°C/W 1.92 W 19.2 mW/°C For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI Web site at www.ti.com. This data is based on using the JEDEC High-K board and the exposed die pad is connected to a copper pad on the board. This is connected to the ground plane by a 2×3 via matrix Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 www.ti.com SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS (1) IN voltage range VIN IN operating voltage range, Restricted by VDPM and VOVP MIN MAX 3.5 7 UNIT V 4.45 6.45 V A IIN Input current, IN pin 1.0 IOUT Current, OUT pin 1.0 A TJ Junction temperature 125 °C RPRE-TERM Programs precharge and termination current thresholds RISET Fast-charge current programming resistor RTS 10k NTC thermistor range without entering BAT_EN or TTDM (1) 0 1 10 kΩ 0.675 49.9 kΩ 1.66 258 kΩ Operation with VIN less than 4.5V or in drop-out may result in reduced performance. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Over junction temperature range 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C and recommended supply voltage (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT INPUT Undervoltage lock-out Exit VIN: 0V → 4V Update based on sim/char 3.15 3.3 3.45 V VHYS_UVLO Hysteresis on VUVLO_RISE falling VIN: 4V→0V, VUVLO_FALL = VUVLO_RISE –VHYS-UVLO 175 227 280 mV VIN-DT Input power good detection threshold is VOUT + VIN-DT (Input power good if VIN > VOUT + VIN-DT); VOUT = 3.6V, VIN: 3.5V → 4V 30 80 145 mV VHYS-INDT Hysteresis on VIN-DT falling VOUT = 3.6V, VIN: 4V → 3.5V 31 mV tDGL(PG_PWR) Deglitch time on exiting sleep. Time measured from VIN: 0V → 5V 1ms rise-time to PG = low, VOUT = 3.6V 45 ms tDGL(PG_NO- Deglitch time on VHYS-INDT power down. Same as entering sleep. Time measured from VIN: 5V → 3.2V 1ms fall-time to PG = OC, VOUT = 3.6V 29 ms PWR) VOVP Input over-voltage protection threshold VIN: 5V → 7V tDGL(OVP-SET) Input over-voltage blanking time VIN: 5V → 7V 113 ms VHYS-OVP Hysteresis on OVP VIN: 7V → 5V 95 mV tDGL(OVP-REC) Deglitch time exiting OVP Time measured from VIN: 7V → 5V 1ms fall-time to PG = LO 30 ms VIN-DPM USB/Adaptor low input voltage protection. Restricts lout at VIN-DPM UVLO IIN-USB-CL 6.5 6.65 6.8 Feature active in USB mode; Limit Input Source Current to 50mA; VOUT = 3.5V; RISET = 825Ω 4.34 4.4 4.46 Feature active in Adaptor mode; Limit Input Source Current to 50mA; VOUT = 3.5V; RISET = 825Ω 4.24 4.3 4.36 V V USB input I-Limit 100mA ISET2 = Float; RISET = 825Ω 85 92 100 USB input I-Limit 500mA ISET2 = High; RISET = 825Ω 430 462 500 280 mA ISET SHORT CIRCUIT TEST RISET_SHORT Highest Resistor value considered a fault (short). Monitored for Iout>90mA Riset: 600Ω → 250Ω, Iout latches off. Cycle power to Reset. tDGL_SHORT Deglitch time transition from ISET short to Iout disable Clear fault by cycling IN or TS/BAT_EN IOUT_CL Maximum OUT current limit Regulation VIN = 5V, VOUT = 3.6V, VISET2 = Low, Riset: (Clamp) 600Ω → 250Ω, Iout latches off after tDGL-SHORT 500 1 1.05 Ω ms 1.4 A 0.85 V BATTERY SHORT PROTECTION VOUT(SC) OUT pin short-circuit detection threshold/ precharge threshold VOUT:3V → 0.5V, no deglitch VOUT(SC-HYS) OUT pin Short hysteresis Recovery ≥ VOUT(SC) + VOUT(SC-HYS); Rising, no Deglitch IOUT(SC) Source current to OUT pin during short-circuit detection 0.75 0.8 77 10 15 mV 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 mA 3 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Over junction temperature range 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C and recommended supply voltage (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT QUIESCENT CURRENT IOUT(PDWN) Battery current into OUT pin VIN = 0V 1 IOUT(DONE) OUT pin current, charging terminated VIN = 6V, VOUT > VOUT(REG) 6 IIN(STDBY) Standby current into IN pin TS = LO, VIN ≤ 6V Active supply current, IN pin TS = open, VIN = 6V, TTDM – no load on OUT pin, VOUT > VOUT(REG), IC enabled ICC mA 125 mA 0.8 1.0 mA BATTERY CHARGER FAST-CHARGE VOUT(REG) Battery regulation voltage VIN = 5.5V, IOUT = 25mA, (VTS-45°C≤ VTS ≤ VTS-0°C) 4.16 4.2 4.23 V VO_HT(REG) Battery hot regulation Voltage, bq24092/3 VIN = 5.5V, IOUT = 25mA, VTS-60°C≤ VTS ≤ VTS-45°C 4.02 4.06 4.1 V IOUT(RANGE) Programmed Output “fast charge” current range VOUT(REG) > VOUT > VLOWV; VIN = 5V, ISET2=Lo, RISET = 675 to 10.8kΩ VDO(IN-OUT) Drop-Out, VIN – VOUT Adjust VIN down until IOUT = 0.5A, VOUT = 4.15V, RISET = 675 , ISET2=Lo (adaptor mode); Tj ≤ 100°C IOUT Output “fast charge” formula VOUT(REG) > VOUT > VLOWV; VIN = 5V, ISET2 = Lo KISET Fast charge current factor 10 325 1000 mA 520 mV KISET/RISET A RISET = KISET /IOUT; 50 < IOUT < 800 mA 510 540 565 RISET = KISET /IOUT; 25 < IOUT < 50 mA 480 527 580 RISET = KISET /IOUT; 10 < IOUT < 25 mA 350 520 680 2.4 2.5 2.6 AΩ PRECHARGE – SET BY PRETERM PIN VLOWV Pre-charge to fast-charge transition threshold tDGL1(LOWV) Deglitch time on pre-charge to fast-charge transition 70 ms tDGL2(LOWV) Deglitch time on fast-charge to pre-charge transition 32 ms IPRE-TERM Refer to the Termination Section %PRECHG KPRE-CHG Pre-charge current, default setting VOUT < VLOWV; RISET = 1080Ω; RPRE-TERM= High Z Pre-charge current formula RPRE-TERM = KPRE-CHG (Ω/%) × %PRE-CHG (%) % Pre-charge Factor 18 20 22 V %IOUTCC RPRE-TERM/KPRE-CHG% VOUT < VLOWV, VIN = 5V, RPRE-TERM = 2k to 10kΩ; RISET = 1080Ω , RPRE-TERM = KPRE-CHG × %IFAST-CHG, where %IFAST-CHG is 20 to 100% 90 100 110 Ω/% VOUT < VLOWV, VIN = 5V, RPRE-TERM = 1k to 2kΩ; RISET = 1080Ω, RPRE-TERM = KPRE-CHG × %IFAST-CHG, where %IFAST-CHG is 10% to 20% 84 100 117 Ω/% 9 10 11 %IOUT- TERMINATION – SET BY PRE-TERM PIN Termination Threshold Current, default VOUT > VRCH; RISET = 1k; setting RPRE-TERM= High Z %TERM KTERM RPRE-TERM = KTERM (Ω/%) × %TERM (%) 182 % Term Factor VOUT > VRCH, VIN = 5V, RPRE-TERM = 2k to 10kΩ ; RISET = 750Ω KTERM × %IFAST-CHG, where %IFAST-CHG is 10 to 50% VOUT > VRCH, VIN = 5V, RPRE-TERM = 1k to 2kΩ ; RISET = 750Ω KTERM × %Iset, where %Iset is 5 to 10% 174 199 224 71 75 81 IPRE-TERM Current for programming the term. and pre-chg with resistor. ITerm-Start is the RPRE-TERM = 2k, VOUT = 4.15V initial PRE-TERM current. %TERM Termination current formula tDGL(TERM) Deglitch time, termination detected ITerm-Start Elevated PRE-TERM current for, tTerm-Start, during start of charge to prevent recharge of full battery, tTerm-Start Elevated termination threshold initially active for tTerm-Start 4 CC Termination Current Threshold Formula RPRE-TERM/ KTERM 200 216 Ω/% RTERM/ KTERM % 29 80 85 1.25 Submit Documentation Feedback mA ms 92 mA min Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 www.ti.com SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Over junction temperature range 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C and recommended supply voltage (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT RECHARGE OR REFRESH Recharge detection threshold – Normal Temp VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.5V, VOUT: 4.25V → VRCH VO(REG) -0.120 VO(REG)-0.095 VO(REG)0.070 V Recharge detection threshold – Hot Temp VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.2V, VOUT: 4.15V → VRCH VO(REG) -0.130 VO(REG)-0.105 VO(REG)0.080 V tDGL1(RCH) Deglitch time, recharge threshold detected VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.5V, VOUT: 4.25V → 3.5V in 1ms; tDGL(RCH) is time to ISET ramp 29 ms tDGL2(RCH) Deglitch time, recharge threshold detected in OUT-Detect Mode VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.5V, VOUT = 3.5V inserted; tDGL(RCH) is time to ISET ramp 3.6 ms VRCH BATTERY DETECT ROUTINE VREG-BD VOUT Reduced regulation during battery detect IBD-SINK Sink current during VREG-BD tDGL(HI/LOW REG) VO(REG) -0.450 VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.5V, Battery Absent VO(REG)-0.400 7 Regulation time at VREG or VREG-BD VO(REG)350 10 25 V mA ms VBD-HI High battery detection threshold VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.5V, Battery Absent VO(REG) -0.150 VO(REG)-0.100 VO(REG)0.050 V VBD-LO Low battery detection threshold VIN = 5V, VTS = 0.5V, Battery Absent VREG-BD +0.50 VREG-BD +0.1 VREG-BD +0.15 V BATTERY CHARGING TIMERS AND FAULT TIMERS tPRECHG Pre-charge safety timer value Restarts when entering Pre-charge; Always enabled when in pre-charge. 1700 1940 2250 s tMAXCH Charge safety timer value Clears fault or resets at UVLO, TS/BAT_EN disable, OUT Short, exiting LOWV and Refresh 34000 38800 45000 s BATTERY-PACK NTC MONITOR (Note 1); TS pin: 10k and 100k NTC INTC-10k NTC bias current, bq24090/2 VTS = 0.3V 48 50 52 mA INTC-100k NTC bias current, bq24091/3 VTS = 0.3V 4.8 5.0 5.2 mA INTC-DIS-10k 10k NTC bias current when Charging is disabled, bq24090/2 VTS = 0V 27 30 34 mA INTC-DIS-100k 10k NTC bias current when Charging is disabled, bq24091/3 VTS = 0V 4.4 5.0 5.8 mA INTC-FLDBK-10k INTC is reduced prior to entering TTDM to keep cold thermistor from entering TTDM, bq24090/2 VTS: Set to 1.525V 4 5 6.5 mA INTC-FLDBK-100k INTC is reduced prior to entering TTDM to keep cold thermistor from entering TTDM, bq24091/3 VTS: Set to 1.525V 1.1 1.5 1.9 mA VTTDM(TS) Termination and timer disable mode Threshold – Enter VTS: 0.5V → 1.7V; Timer Held in Reset 1550 1600 1650 mV VHYS-TTDM(TS) Hysteresis exiting TTDM VTS: 1.7V → 0.5V; Timer Enabled VCLAMP(TS) TS maximum voltage clamp VTS = Open (Float) 1800 1950 tDGL(TTDM) 100 Deglitch exit TTDM between states Deglitch enter TTDM between states VTS_I-FLDBK TS voltage where INTC is reduce to keep thermistor from entering TTDM CTS Optional Capacitance – ESD INTC adjustment (90 to 10%; 45 to 6.6uS) takes place near this spec threshold. VTS: 1.425V → 1.525V VTS-0°C Low temperature CHG Pending Low Temp Charging to Pending; VTS: 1.0V → 1.5V VHYS-0°C Hysteresis at 0°C Charge pending to low temp charging; VTS: 1.5V → 1V VTS-10°C Low temperature, half charge, bq24092/3 Normal charging to low temp charging; VTS: 0.5V → 1V VHYS-10°C Hysteresis at 10°C, bq24092/3 Low temp charging to normal CHG; VTS: 1.0V → 0.5V VTS-45°C High temperature at 4.1V Normal charging to high temp CHG; VTS: 0.5V → 0.2V VHYS-45°C Hysteresis at 45°C High temp charging to normal CHG; VTS: 0.2V → 0.5V 1205 mV 2000 ms 8 ms 1475 mV 0.22 mF 1230 1255 86 765 790 278 815 Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 mV mV 293 10.7 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated mV mV 35 263 mV 57 mV mV 5 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Over junction temperature range 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C and recommended supply voltage (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 170 178 186 mV VTS-60°C High temperature Disable, bq24092/3 High temp charge to pending; VTS: 0.2V → 0.1V VHYS-60°C Hysteresis at 60°C, bq24092/3 Charge pending to high temp CHG; VTS: 0.1V → 0.2V tDGL(TS_10C) Deglitch for TS thresholds: 10C, bq24092/3 Normal to Cold Operation; VTS: 0.6V → 1V 50 Cold to Normal Operation; VTS: 1V → 0.6V 12 tDGL(TS) Deglitch for TS thresholds: 0/45/60C. Battery charging VTS-EN-10k Charge Enable Threshold, (10k NTC) VTS: 0V → 0.175V; VTS-DIS_HYS-10k HYS below VTS-EN-10k to Disable, (10k NTC) VTS: 0.125V → 0V; VTS-EN-100k Charge Enable Threshold, bq24090/2 VTS: 0V → 0.175V; VTS-DIS_HYS- HYS below VTS-EN-100k to Disable, bq24091/3 VTS: 0.125V → 0V; 100k 11.5 mV ms 30 80 88 ms 96 12 140 150 mV mV 160 mV 50 mV THERMAL REGULATION TJ(REG) Temperature regulation limit 125 °C TJ(OFF) Thermal shutdown temperature 155 °C TJ(OFF-HYS) Thermal shutdown hysteresis 20 °C LOGIC LEVELS ON ISET2 VIL Logic LOW input voltage Sink 8 mA VIH Logic HIGH input voltage Source 8 mA 1.4 IIL Sink current required for LO VISET2= 0.4V 2 IIH Source current required for HI VISET2= 1.4V VFLT ISET2 Float Voltage V 9 mA V 1.1 575 0.4 900 8 mA 1225 mV LOGIC LEVELS ON CHG AND PG VOL Output LOW voltage ISINK = 5 mA ILEAK Leakage current into IC V CHG = 5V, V PG = 5V 6 Submit Documentation Feedback 0.4 V 1 mA Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 www.ti.com SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 PIN CONFIGURATION bq2409x 1 IN OUT 10 2 ISET TS 9 3 VSS CHG 8 4 PRETERM ISET2 7 5 PG NC 6 PIN FUNCTIONS NAME PIN I/O DESCRIPTION IN 1 I Input power, connected to external DC supply (AC adapter or USB port). Expected range of bypass capacitors 1mF to 10mF, connect from IN to VSS. OUT 10 O Battery Connection. System Load may be connected. Average load should not be excessive, allowing battery to charge within the 10 hour safety timer window. Expected range of bypass capacitors 1mF to 10mF. PRE-TERM 4 I Programs the Current Termination Threshold (5 to 50% of Iout which is set by ISET) and Sets the Pre-Charge Current to twice the Termination Current Level. Expected range of programming resistor is 1k to 10kΩ (2k: Ipgm/10 for term; Ipgm/5 for precharge) ISET 2 I Programs the Fast-charge current setting. External resistor from ISET to VSS defines fast charge current value. Range is 10.8k (50mA) to 675 Ω (800mA). ISET2 7 I Programming the Input/Output Current Limit for the USB or Adaptor source: High = 500mAmax, Low = ISET, FLOAT = 100mAmax. I Temperature sense pin connected to bq24090/2 -10k at 25°C NTC thermistor & bq24091/3 -100k at 25°C NTC thermistor, in the battery pack. Floating TS Pin or pulling High puts part in TTDM “Charger” Mode and disable TS monitoring, Timers and Termination. Pulling pin Low disables the IC. If NTC sensing is not needed, connect this pin to VSS through an external 10 kΩ/100kΩ resistor. A 250kΩ from TS to ground will prevent IC entering TTDM mode when battery with thermistor is removed. TS 9 VSS 3 – Ground terminal CHG 8 O Low (FET on) indicates charging and Open Drain (FET off) indicates no Charging or Charge complete. PG 5 O Low (FET on) indicates the input voltage is above UVLO and the OUT (battery) voltage. NC 6 NA Pad 5x3mm2 – Thermal PAD and Package Do not make a connection to this pin (for internal use) – Do not route through this pin There is an internal electrical connection between the exposed thermal pad and the VSS pin of the device. The thermal pad must be connected to the same potential as the VSS pin on the printed circuit board. Do not use the thermal pad as the primary ground input for the device. VSS pin must be connected to ground at all times Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 7 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com Typical Application Circuit: bq2409x IOUT_FAST_CHG = 540mA; IOUT_PRE_CHG = 108mA; IOUT_TERM = 54mA 1.5kW bq2409x Adaptor 1 IN DC+ OUT 10 1.5kW GND 1mF 1kW 2 ISET TS 9 3 VSS CHG 8 System Load Battery Pack 1mF 4 PRETERM ISET2 7 OR 5 PG NC 6 2kW ISET/100/500 mA VBUS GND GND D+ D- VDD TTDM USB Port 8 ++ D+ Disconnect after Detection Submit Documentation Feedback D- Host Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 www.ti.com SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Internal Charge Current Sense w/ Multiple Outputs IN OUT 80 mV OUT + _ Input Power Detect IN OUT + _ + _ + - IN-DPMREF Charge Pump IOUT x 1.5 V 540 AW OUTREGREF TJ°C + _ FAST CHARGE 125°CREF PRE-CHARGE ISET IN + _ 1.5V Pre-CHG Reference + _ USB100/500REF USB Sense Resistor o TJ C + _ Term Reference + _ 150oCREF Thermal Shutdown 75mA + X2 Gain (1: 2) Term:Pre-CHGX2 PRE-TERM Increased from 75mA to 85mA for 1st minute of charge. IN + _ + CHG OVPREF + _ OUT VTERM_EN Charge Pump + _ ON: OFF: ISET2 (LO = ISET, HI = USB500, 0.9V Float On During 1st Charge Only CHARGE CONTROL FLOAT = USB100) PG VCOLD-10 C o + _ o + _ VHOT-45 C HI = Half CHG (JEITA) HI = 4.06Vreg (JEITA) VCOLD-FLT + _ + _ VHOT-FLT LO = TTDM MODE HI = Suspend CHG TS VTTDM TS - bq24090 VCE + _ + _ HI=CHIP DISABLE VDISABLE + _ Cold Temperature Sink Current = 45mA _ VCLAMP = 1.4V Disable Sink Current = 20mA + 5mA + _ 45mA Bq24090 is as shown Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 9 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS SETUP: bq2409x typical applications schematic; VIN = 5V, VBAT = 3.6V (unless otherwise indicated) POWER UP, DOWN, OVP, DISABLE AND ENABLE WAVEFORMS Vin Vin 5V/div 5V/div Vchg 2V/div 2V/div Vchg Vpg 2V/div Vpg Viset 2V/div Viset 2V/div 2V/div t - time - 20ms/div t - time - 100ms/div Figure 1. OVP 8V Adaptor - Hot Plug Figure 2. OVP from Normal Power-up Operation – VIN 0V → 5V → 6.8V →5V 10kΩ resistor from TS to GND. 10kΩ is shorted to disable the IC. Fixed 10kΩ resistor, between TS and GND. Vpg Vpg 2V/div 5V/div Vchg Vchg 2V/div 2V/div Vout 2V/div 500mV/div Vts Battery Detect Mode Viset 2V/div Vin 5V/div t - time - 50ms/div t - time - 20ms/div Figure 3. TS Enable and Disable Figure 4. Hot Plug Source w/No Battery – Battery Detection Vout Vin 1 Battery Detect Cycle 2V/div Vchg Vout Viset 500mV/div 1V/div 5V/div 1V/div Viset 1V/div Vts 1V/div Vts 2V/div Entered TTDM t - time - 5ms/div t - time - 10ms/div Figure 5. Battery Removal – GND Removed 1st, 42 Ω Load Figure 6. Battery Removal with OUT and TS Disconnect 1st, With 100 Ω Load Continuous battery detection when not in TTDM. 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 www.ti.com SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 TYPICAL OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) SETUP: bq2409x typical applications schematic; VIN = 5V, VBAT = 3.6V (unless otherwise indicated) Vout 1V/div Vchg Battery Declared Absent 5V/div Viset 1V/div V_0.1 W_OUT 100mV/div t - time - 20ms/div Figure 7. Battery Removal with fixed TS = 0.5V PROTECTION CIRCUITS WAVEFORMS CH4: Iout (1A/Div) Battery voltage swept from 0V to 4.25V to 3.9V. CH4: Iout (1A/Div) 1V/div Vout Vout 1V/div Vchg 5V/div Viset Battery Threshold Reached 1V/div Vchg 2V/div 500mV/div IOUT Clamped Current Viset V_0.1 W_OUT V_0.1 W_OUT 100mV/div 100mV/div ISET Short Detected and Latched Off t - time - 500ms/div t - time - 200ms/div Figure 8. Battery Charge Profile Figure 9. ISET Shorted During Normal Operation CH4: Iout (0.2A/Div) CH4: Iout (0.2A/Div) Vchg Vin Vin 2V/div 2V/div Vchg 2V/div 2V/div 500mV/div Short Detected in 100mA mode and Latched Off Viset V_0.1W_OUT 20mV/div 500mV/div 20mV/div Viset V_0.1 W_OUT t - time - 1ms/div t - time - 5ms/div Figure 10. ISET Shorted Prior to USB Power-up Figure 11. DPM – Adaptor Current Limits – Vin Regulated The IC temperature rises to 125°C and enters thermal regulation. Charge current is reduced to regulate the IC at 125°C. VIN is reduced, the IC temperature drops, the charge current returns to the programmed value. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 11 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) SETUP: bq2409x typical applications schematic; VIN = 5V, VBAT = 3.6V (unless otherwise indicated) Vin 2V/div Vchg Vin Vout 2V/div 1V/div 2V/div Enters Thermal Regulation Exits Thermal Regulation Viset 1V/div 500mV/div V_0.1W_OUT Viset 20mV/div 50mV/div V_0.1W_OUT t - time - 500ms/div t - time - 1s/div Figure 12. DPM – USB Current Limits – Vin Regulated to 4.4V Figure 13. Thermal Reg. – Vin increases PWR/Iout Reduced Vin swept from 5V to 3.9V to 5V, Vbat = 4V 546 Kiset 544 Vin 1V/div 542 Low to High Currents (may occur in recharge to fast charge transion) Kiset - W 540 Viset 1V/div Vchg 5V/div Vpg 538 High to Low Currents (may occur in Voltage Regulation - Taper Current) 536 5V/div 534 t - time - 20ms/div 532 530 528 .15 0 Figure 14. Entering and Exiting Sleep mode 0.2 0.4 IO - Output Current - A 0.6 0.8 Figure 15. Kiset for Low and High Currents 4.212 4.2 VO @ 0°C ROUT = 100 Ω 4.21 4.199 4.208 4.198 4.206 VOUT - Output Voltage - V VOUT - Output Voltage DC - V Vreg @ 25°C VO @ 25°C 4.204 4.202 VO @ 85°C 4.2 4.195 Vreg @ 0°C 4.194 4.192 5 5.5 VI - Input Voltage DC - V Figure 16. Line Regulation 12 4.196 4.193 4.198 4.196 4.5 Vreg @ 85°C 4.197 6 6.5 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 IO - Output current - A 0.8 1 Figure 17. Load Regulation Over Temperature Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 www.ti.com SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 TYPICAL OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) SETUP: bq2409x typical applications schematic; VIN = 5V, VBAT = 3.6V (unless otherwise indicated) 363.4 363.2 IO - Output Current - mA IO @ 25°C 363 362.8 IO @ 85°C 362.6 362.4 362.2 IO @ 0°C 362 361.8 2.5 3 3.5 VO - Output Voltage - V 4 4.5 Figure 18. Current Regulation Over Temperature FUNCTIONAL GENERAL DESCRIPTION The bq2409x is a highly integrated family of 5x3mm2 single cell Li-Ion chargers. The charger can be used to charge a battery, power a system or both. The charger has three phases of charging: Pre-charge to recover a fully discharged battery, fast-charge constant current to supply the buck charge safely and voltage regulation to safely reach full capacity. The charger is very flexible, allowing programming of the fast-charge current and Pre-charge/Termination Current. This charger is designed to work with a USB connection or Adaptor (DC out). The charger also checks to see if a battery is present. The charger also comes with a full set of safety features: JEITA Temperature Standard, Over-Voltage Protection, DPM-IN, Safety Timers, and ISET short protection. All of these features and more are described in detail below. The charger is designed for a single power path from the input to the output to charge a single cell Li-Ion battery pack. Upon application of a 5VDC power source the ISET and OUT short checks are performed to assure a proper charge cycle. If the battery voltage is below the LOWV threshold, the battery is considered discharged and a preconditioning cycle begins. The amount of precharge current can be programmed using the PRE-TERM pin which programs a percent of fast charge current (10 to 100%) as the precharge current. This feature is useful when the system load is connected across the battery “stealing” the battery current. The precharge current can be set higher to account for the system loading while allowing the battery to be properly conditioned. The PRE-TERM pin is a dual function pin which sets the precharge current level and the termination threshold level. The termination "current threshold" is always half of the precharge programmed current level. Once the battery voltage has charged to the VLOWV threshold, fast charge is initiated and the fast charge current is applied. The fast charge constant current is programmed using the ISET pin. The constant current provides the bulk of the charge. Power dissipation in the IC is greatest in fast charge with a lower battery voltage. If the IC reaches 125°C the IC enters thermal regulation, slows the timer clock by half and reduce the charge current as needed to keep the temperature from rising any further. Figure 19 shows the charging profile with thermal regulation. Typically under normal operating conditions, the IC’s junction temperature is less than 125°C and thermal regulation is not entered. Once the cell has charged to the regulation voltage the voltage loop takes control and holds the battery at the regulation voltage until the current tapers to the termination threshold. The termination can be disabled if desired. The CHG pin is low (LED on) during the first charge cycle only and turns off once the termination threshold is reached, regardless if termination, for charge current, is enabled or disabled. Further details are mentioned in the Operating Modes section. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 13 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com FUNCTIONAL GENERAL DESCRIPTION (continued) VO(REG) PreConditioning Phase Thermal Regulation Phase Current Regulation Phase Voltage Regulation and Charge Termination Phase DONE IO(OUT) FAST-CHARGE CURRENT PRE-CHARGE CURRENT AND TERMINATION THRESHOLD Battery Voltage, V(OUT) Battery Current, I(OUT) Charge Complete Status, Charger Off VO(LOWV) I(TERM) IO(PRECHG) T(THREG) 0A Temperature, Tj T(PRECHG) T(CHG) DONE Figure 19. Charging Profile With Thermal Regulation 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 www.ti.com SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 DETAILED FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Power-Down or Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) The bq2409x family is in power down mode if the IN pin voltage is less than UVLO. The part is considered “dead” and all the pins are high impedance. Once the IN voltage rises above the UVLO threshold the IC will enter Sleep Mode or Active mode depending on the OUT pin (battery) voltage. Under Voltage Lockout (UVLO): The bq2409x family is in power down mode if the IN pin voltage is less than VUVLO. The part is considered “dead” and all the pins are high impedance. Power-up The IC is alive after the IN voltage ramps above UVLO (see sleep mode), resets all logic and timers, and starts to perform many of the continuous monitoring routines. Typically the input voltage quickly rises through the UVLO and sleep states where the IC declares power good, starts the qualification charge at 100mA, sets the input current limit threshold base on the ISET2 pin, starts the safety timer and enables the CHG pin. See Figure 20. Sleep Mode If the IN pin voltage is between than VOUT+VDT and UVLO, the charge current is disabled, the safety timer counting stops (not reset) and the PG and CHG pins are high impedance. As the input voltage rises and the charger exits sleep mode, the PG pin goes low, the safety timer continues to count, charge is enabled and the CHG pin returns to its previous state. See Figure 21 New Charge Cycle A new charge cycle is started when a good power source is applied, performing a chip disable/enable (TS pin), exiting Termination and Timer Disable Mode (TTDM), detecting a battery insertion or the OUT voltage dropping below the VRCH threshold. The CHG pin is active low only during the first charge cycle, therefore exiting TTDM or a dropping below VRCH will not turn on the CHG pin FET, if the CHG pin is already high impedance. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 15 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 0V DISHYS EN 60°C 60°CHYS 45°C 45°CHYS 10°CHYS 10°C 0°CHYS 0°C LDOHYS LDO 1.8V VSS tDGL(TS) Disabled 4.06 V HOT Operation tDGL(TS) Normal Operation tDGL(TS) 4.06 V HOT Operation tDGL(TS) HOT Fault tDGL(TS) Cold Fault LDO Mode t < tDGL(IS) Normal Operation Cold Operation tDGL(TS_IOC) Falling tDGL(TS) tDGL(TTDM) Exit Cold Fault Drawing Not to Scale Dots Show Threshold Trip Points fllowed by a deglitch time before transitioning into a new mode. tDGL(TTDM) Enter Cold Operation tDGL(TS) Normal Operation tDGL(TS_IOC) Rising Disabled Normal Operation t tDGL(TS1_IOC) Cold to Normal t < tDGL(TTDM) Exit tDGL(TTDM) Enter LDO Mode bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com Figure 20. TS Battery Temperature Bias Threshold and Deglitch Timers Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 www.ti.com SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 Apply Input Power Is power good? VBAT +VDT < VIN < VOVP & VUVLO < VIN No Turn on PG FET PG pin LOW Yes Is chip enabled? VTS > VEN No Yes Set Input Current Limit to 100 mA and Start Charge Perform ISET & OUT short tests Remember ISET2 State Set charge current based on ISET2 truth table. Return to Charge Figure 21. bq2409x Power-Up Flow Diagram Overvoltage-Protection (OVP) – Continuously Monitored If the input source applies an overvoltage, the pass FET, if previously on, turns off after a deglitch, tBLK(OVP). The timer ends and the CHG and PG pin goes to a high impedance state. Once the overvoltage returns to a normal voltage, the PG pin goes low, timer continues, charge continues and the CHG pin goes low after a 25ms deglitch. PG pin is optional on some packages Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 17 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com Power Good Indication (PG) After application of a 5V source, the input voltage rises above the UVLO and sleep thresholds (VIN>VBAT+VDT), but is less than OVP (VIN<VOVP,), then the PG FET turns on and provides a low impedance path to ground. See Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 14. CHG Pin Indication The charge pin has an internal open drain FET which is on (pulls down to VSS) during the first charge only (independent of TTDM) and is turned off once the battery reaches voltage regulation and the charge current tapers to the termination threshold set by the PRE-TERM resistor. The charge pin is high impedance in sleep mode and OVP (if PG is high impedance) and return to its previous state once the condition is removed. Cycling input power, pulling the TS pin low and releasing or entering pre-charge mode causes the CHG pin to go reset (go low if power is good and a discharged battery is attached) and is considered the start of a first charge. CHG and PG LED Pull-up Source For host monitoring, a pull-up resistor is used between the "STATUS" pin and the VCC of the host and for a visual indication a resistor in series with an LED is connected between the "STATUS" pin and a power source. If the CHG or PG source is capable of exceeding 7V, a 6.2V Zener should be used to clamp the voltage. If the source is the OUT pin, note that as the battery changes voltage, the brightness of the LEDs vary. Charging State CHG FET/LED 1st Charge ON Refresh Charge OVP OFF SLEEP TEMP FAULT ON for 1st Charge VIN Power Good State PG FET/LED UVLO SLEEP Mode OFF OVP Mode Normal Input (VOUT + VDT < VIN < VOUP) ON PG is independent of chip disable IN-DPM (VIN-DPM or IN–DPM) The IN-DPM feature is used to detect an input source voltage that is folding back (voltage dropping), reaching its current limit due to excessive load. When the input voltage drops to the VIN-DPM threshold the internal pass FET starts to reduce the current until there is no further drop in voltage at the input. This would prevent a source with voltage less than VIN-DPM to power the out pin. This works well with current limited adaptors and USB ports as long as the nominal voltage is above 4.3V and 4.4V respectively. This is an added safety feature that helps protect the source from excessive loads. OUT The Charger’s OUT pin provides current to the battery and to the system, if present. This IC can be used to charge the battery plus power the system, charge just the battery or just power the system (TTDM) assuming the loads do not exceed the available current. The OUT pin is a current limited source and is inherently protected against shorts. If the system load ever exceeds the output programmed current threshold, the output will be discharged unless there is sufficient capacitance or a charged battery present to supplement the excessive load. 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 www.ti.com SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 ISET An external resistor is used to Program the Output Current (50 to 800mA) and can be used as a current monitor. RISET = KISET ÷ IOUT (1) (1) Where: IOUT is the desired fast charge current; KISET is a gain factor found in the electrical specification For greater accuracy at lower currents, part of the sense FET is disabled to give better resolution. Figure 15 shows the transition from low current to higher current. Going from higher currents to low currents, there is hysteresis and the transition occurs around 0.15A. The ISET resistor is short protected and will detect a resistance lower than Ⅹ340Ω. The detection requires at least 80mA of output current. If a “short” is detected, then the IC will latch off and can only be reset by cycling the power. The OUT current is internally clamped to a maximum current between 1.1A and 1.35A and is independent of the ISET short detection circuitry, as shown in Figure 23. Also, see Figure 9 and Figure 10. 4.5 o For < 45 C, 4.2V Regulation No Operation During Cold Fault 3.5 3 60oC to 45oC HOT TEMP 4.06V Regulation VOUT 2.5 < 48oC 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 o 10oC 60oC Termination Disable 2 0C 100% of Programmed Current } IC Disable } Hot Fault Normalized OUT Current and VREG - V 4 50% Cold Fault IOUT 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 VTS - Voltage - V Figure 22. Operation Over TS Bias Voltage Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 19 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 1.8 1.6 IO - Output Current - A 1.4 www.ti.com IOUT Clamp min - max IOUT Fault min - max SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 1.2 IOUT Internal Clamp Range 1 0.8 IOUT Programmed max 0.6 ISET Short Fault Range min 0.4 0.2 Non Restricted Operating Area 0 1000 100 10000 ISET - W Figure 23. Programmed/Clamped Out Current PRE_TERM – Pre-Charge and Termination Programmable Threshold Pre-Term is used to program both the pre-charge current and the termination current threshold. The pre-charge current level is a factor of two higher than the termination current level. The termination can be set between 5% and 50% of the programmed output current level set by ISET. If left floating the termination and pre-charge are set internally at 10/20% respectively. The pre-charge-to-fast-charge, Vlowv threshold is set to 2.5V. RPRE-TERM = %Term × KTERM = %Pre-CHG × KPRE-CHG (2) (2) Where: %Term is the percent of fast charge current where termination occurs; %Pre-CHG is the percent of fast charge current that is desired during precharge; KTERM and KPRE-CHG are gain factors found in the electrical specifications. ISET2 Is a 3-state input and programs the Input Current Limit/Regulation Threshold. A low will program a regulated fast charge current via the ISET resistor and is the maximum allowed input/output current for any ISET2 setting, Float will program a 100mA Current limit and High will program a 500mA Current limit. Below are two configurations for driving the 3-state ISET2 pin: VCC VCC To ISET2 R1 To ISET2 Drive Logic Q1 OR Drive Logic R1 Divider set to 0.9 V Which is the Float Voltage R2 Q2 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 www.ti.com SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 TS The TS pin is designed to follow the new JEITA temperature standard for Li-Ion batteries. There are now four thresholds, 60°C, 45°C, 10°C, and 0°C. Normal operation occurs between 10°C and 45°C. If between 0°C and 10°C the charge current level is cut in half and if between 45°C and 60°C the regulation voltage is reduced to 4.1Vmax, see Figure 22. The TS feature is implemented using an internal 50mA current source to bias the thermistor (designed for use with a 10k NTC b = 3370 (SEMITEC 103AT-2 or Mitsubishi TH05-3H103F) connected from the TS pin to VSS. If this feature is not needed, a fixed 10k can be placed between TS and VSS to allow normal operation. This may be done if the host is monitoring the thermistor and then the host would determine when to pull the TS pin low to disable charge. The TS pin has two additional features, when the TS pin is pulled low or floated/driven high. A low disables charge (similar to a high on the BAT_EN feature) and a high puts the charger in TTDM. Above 60°C or below 0°C the charge is disabled. Once the thermistor reaches ≈–10°C the TS current folds back to keep a cold thermistor (between –10°C and –50°C) from placing the IC in the TTDM mode. If the TS pin is pulled low into disable mode, the current is reduced to ≈30mA, see Figure 20. Since the ITS current is fixed along with the temperature thresholds, it is not possible to use thermistor values other than the 10k NTC (at 25°C). For non-JEITA spins, the operating range is between 0°C and 45°C. Termination and Timer Disable Mode (TTDM) -TS pin high The battery charger is in TTDM when the TS pin goes high from removing the thermistor (removing battery pack/floating the TS pin) or by pulling the TS pin up to the TTDM threshold. When entering TTDM, the 10 hour safety timer is held in reset and termination is disabled. A battery detect routine is run to see if the battery was removed or not. If the battery was removed then the CHG pin will go to its high impedance state if not already there. If a battery is detected the CHG pin does not change states until the current tapers to the termination threshold, where the CHG pin goes to its high impedance state if not already there (the regulated output will remain on). The charging profile does not change (still has pre-charge, fast-charge constant current and constant voltage modes). This implies the battery is still charged safely and the current is allowed to taper to zero. When coming out of TTDM, the battery detect routine is run and if a battery is detected, then a new charge cycle begins and the CHG LED turns on. If TTDM is not desired upon removing the battery with the thermistor, one can add a 237k resistor between TS and VSS to disable TTDM. This keeps the current source from driving the TS pin into TTDM. This creates ≈0.1°C error at hot and a ≈3°C error at cold. Timers The pre-charge timer is set to 30 minutes. The pre-charge current, can be programmed to off-set any system load, making sure that the 30 minutes is adequate. The fast charge timer is fixed at 10 hours and can be increased real time by going into thermal regulation, IN-DPM or if in USB current limit. The timer clock slows by a factor of 2, resulting in a clock than counts half as fast when in these modes. If either the 30 minute or ten hour timer times out, the charging is terminated and the CHG pin goes high impedance if not already in that state. The timer is reset by disabling the IC, cycling power or going into and out of TTDM. Termination Once the OUT pin goes above VRCH, (reaches voltage regulation) and the current tapers down to the termination threshold, the CHG pin goes high impedance and a battery detect route is run to determine if the battery was removed or the battery is full. If the battery is present, the charge current will terminate. If the battery was removed along with the thermistor, then the TS pin is driven high and the charge enters TTDM. If the battery was removed and the TS pin is held in the active region, then the battery detect routine will continue until a battery is inserted. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 21 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com Battery Detect Routine The battery detect routine should check for a missing battery while keeping the OUT pin at a useable voltage. Whenever the battery is missing the CHG pin should be high impedance. The battery detect routine is run when entering and exiting TTDM to verify if battery is present, or run all the time if battery is missing and not in TTDM. On power-up, if battery voltage is greater than VRCH threshold, a battery detect routine is run to determine if a battery is present. The battery detect routine is disabled while the IC is in TTDM, or has a TS fault. See Figure 24 for the Battery Detect Flow Diagram. Refresh Threshold After termination, if the OUT pin voltage drops to VRCH (100mV below regulation) then a new charge is initiated, but the CHG pin remains at a high impedance (off). Starting a Charge on a Full Battery The termination threshold is raised by Ⅹ14%, for the first minute of a charge cycle so if a full battery is removed and reinserted or a new charge cycle is initiated, that the new charge terminates (less than 1 minute). Batteries that have relaxed many hours may take several minutes to taper to the termination threshold and terminate charge. 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 www.ti.com SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 Start BATT_DETECT Start 25ms timer Timer Expired? No Yes Is VOUT<VREG-100mV? Yes Battery Present Turn off Sink Current Return to flow No Set OUT REG to VREG-400mV Enable sink current Reset & Start 25ms timer Timer Expired? No Yes Yes Is VOUT>VREG-300mV? Battery Present Turn off Sink Current Return to flow No Battery Absent Don’t Signal Charge Turn off Sink Current Return to Flow Figure 24. Battery Detect Routine Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 23 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com bq24090 CHARGER APPLICATION DESIGN EXAMPLE 1.5kW bq24090 Adaptor 1 IN DC+ OUT 10 1.5kW GND 2 ISET TS 9 3 VSS CHG 8 System Load Battery Pack ++ 1mF 1kW 1mF 4 PRETERM ISET2 7 OR 5 PG NC 6 2kW VDD TTDM USB Port ISET/100/500 mA VBUS GND GND D+ D+ D- D- Host Requirements • Supply voltage = 5 V • Fast charge current: IOUT-FC = 540 mA; ISET-pin 2 • Termination Current Threshold: %IOUT-FC = 10% of Fast Charge or ~54mA • Pre-Charge Current by default is twice the termination Current or ~108mA • TS – Battery Temperature Sense = 10k NTC (103AT) Calculations Program the Fast Charge Current, ISET: RISET = [K(ISET) / I(OUT)] from electrical characteristics table. . . K(SET) = 540AΩ RISET = [540AΩ/0.54A] = 1.0 kΩ Selecting the closest standard value, use a 1.0 kΩ resistor between ISET (pin 16) and Vss. Program the Termination Current Threshold, ITERM: RPRE-TERM = K(TERM) × %IOUT-FC RPRE-TERM = 200Ω/% × 10% = 2kΩ Selecting the closest standard value, use a 2 kΩ resistor between ITERM (pin 15) and Vss. One can arrive at the same value by using 20% for a pre-charge value (factor of 2 difference). RPRE-TERM = K(PRE-CHG) × %IOUT-FC RPRE-TERM = 100Ω/% × 20%= 2kΩ TS Function Use a 10k NTC thermistor in the battery pack (103AT). To Disable the temp sense function, use a fixed 10k resistor between the TS (Pin 1) and Vss. 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 www.ti.com SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 CHG and PG LED Status: connect a 1.5k resistor in series with a LED between the OUT pin and the CHG pin. Connect a 1.5k resistor in series with a LED between the OUT pin and the and PG pin. Processor Monitoring: Connect a pull-up resistor between the processor’s power rail and the CHG pin. Connect a pull-up resistor between the processor’s power rail and the PG pin. SELECTING IN AND OUT PIN CAPACITORS In most applications, all that is needed is a high-frequency decoupling capacitor (ceramic) on the power pin, input and output pins. Using the values shown on the application diagram, is recommended. After evaluation of these voltage signals with real system operational conditions, one can determine if capacitance values can be adjusted toward the minimum recommended values (DC load application) or higher values for fast high amplitude pulsed load applications. Note if designed for high input voltage sources (bad adaptors or wrong adaptors), the capacitor needs to be rated appropriately. Ceramic capacitors are tested to 2x their rated values so a 16V capacitor may be adequate for a 30V transient (verify tested rating with capacitor manufacturer). THERMAL PACKAGE The bq2409x family is packaged in a thermally enhanced MSOP package. The package includes a thermal pad to provide an effective thermal contact between the IC and the printed circuit board (PCB). The power pad should be directly connected to the VSS pin. Full PCB design guidelines for this package are provided in the application note entitled: Power Pad Thermally Enhanced Package Note (SLMA002). The most common measure of package thermal performance is thermal impedance (qJA ) measured (or modeled) from the chip junction to the air surrounding the package surface (ambient). The mathematical expression for qJA is: qJA = (TJ – T) / P (3) (3) Where: TJ = chip junction temperature T = ambient temperature P = device power dissipation Factors that can influence the measurement and calculation of qJA include: 1. Whether or not the device is board mounted 2. Trace size, composition, thickness, and geometry 3. Orientation of the device (horizontal or vertical) 4. Volume of the ambient air surrounding the device under test and airflow 5. Whether other surfaces are in close proximity to the device being tested Due to the charge profile of Li-Ion batteries the maximum power dissipation is typically seen at the beginning of the charge cycle when the battery voltage is at its lowest. Typically after fast charge begins the pack voltage increases to Ⅹ3.4V within the first 2 minutes. The thermal time constant of the assembly typically takes a few minutes to heat up so when doing maximum power dissipation calculations, 3.4V is a good minimum voltage to use. This is verified, with the system and a fully discharged battery, by plotting temperature on the bottom of the PCB under the IC (pad should have multiple vias), the charge current and the battery voltage as a function of time. The fast charge current will start to taper off if the part goes into thermal regulation. The device power dissipation, P, is a function of the charge rate and the voltage drop across the internal PowerFET. It can be calculated from the following equation when a battery pack is being charged : P = [V(IN) – V(OUT)] × I(OUT) + [V(OUT) – V(BAT)] × I(BAT) (3) The thermal loop feature reduces the charge current to limit excessive IC junction temperature. It is recommended that the design not run in thermal regulation for typical operating conditions (nominal input voltage and nominal ambient temperatures) and use the feature for non typical situations such as hot environments or higher than normal input source voltage. With that said, the IC will still perform as described, if the thermal loop is always active. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 25 bq24090, bq24091 bq24092, bq24093 SLUS968A – JANUARY 2010 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2010 www.ti.com Leakage Current Effects on Battery Capacity To determine how fast a leakage current on the battery will discharge the battery is an easy calculation. The time from full to discharge can be calculated by dividing the Amp-Hour Capacity of the battery by the leakage current. For a 0.75AHr battery and a 10mA leakage current (750mAHr/0.010mA = 75000 Hours), it would take 75k hours or 8.8 years to discharge. In reality the self discharge of the cell would be much faster so the 10mA leakage would be considered negligible. Layout Tips To obtain optimal performance, the decoupling capacitor from IN to GND (thermal pad) and the output filter capacitors from OUT to GND (thermal pad) should be placed as close as possible to the bq2409x, with short trace runs to both IN, OUT and GND (thermal pad). • All low-current GND connections should be kept separate from the high-current charge or discharge paths from the battery. Use a single-point ground technique incorporating both the small signal ground path and the power ground path. • The high current charge paths into IN pin and from the OUT pin must be sized appropriately for the maximum charge current in order to avoid voltage drops in these traces • The bq2409x family is packaged in a thermally enhanced MLP package. The package includes a thermal pad to provide an effective thermal contact between the IC and the printed circuit board (PCB); this thermal pad is also the main ground connection for the device. Connect the thermal pad to the PCB ground connection. It is best to use multiple 10mil vias in the power pad of the IC and in close proximity to conduct the heat to the bottom ground plane. The bottom ground place should avoid traces that “cut off” the thermal path. The thinner the PCB the less temperature rise. The EVM PCB has a thickness of 0.031 inches and uses 2 oz. (2.8mil thick) copper on top and bottom, and is a good example of optimal thermal performance. SPACER REVISION HISTORY Changes from Original (January 2010) to Revision A Page • Changed VDO(IN-OUT), MAX value From: 500 mV To: 520 mV in the Elect Characteristics table .......................................... 4 • Changed IPRE-TERM MAX value From: 79 µA to 81µA in the Elect Characteristics table ....................................................... 4 • Changed VCLAMP(TS) MIN value From: 1900 mV to 1800 mV in the Elect Characteristics table ........................................... 5 26 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq24090 bq24091 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 12-Feb-2010 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty BQ24090DGQR PREVIEW MSOPPower PAD DGQ 10 2500 TBD Call TI Call TI BQ24090DGQT PREVIEW MSOPPower PAD DGQ 10 250 TBD Call TI Call TI BQ24091DGQR PREVIEW MSOPPower PAD DGQ 10 TBD Call TI Call TI BQ24091DGQT PREVIEW MSOPPower PAD DGQ 10 TBD Call TI Call TI 250 Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. 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