CC2550 CC2550 Single Chip Low Cost Low Power RF Transmitter Applications • 2400-2483.5 MHz ISM/SRD band systems • Consumer Electronics • Wireless game controllers • Wireless audio Product Description The CC2550 is a low cost true single chip 2.4 GHz transmitter designed for very low power wireless applications. The circuit is intended for the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) and SRD (Short Range Device) frequency band at 2400-2483.5 MHz. The main operating parameters and the 64byte transmit FIFO of CC2550 can be controlled via an SPI interface. In a typical system, the CC2550 will be used together with a microcontroller and a few passive components. The RF transmitter is integrated with a highly configurable baseband modulator which has a configurable data rate up to 500 kbps. Performance can be increased by enabling a Forward Error Correction option, which is integrated in the modulator. technology platform based on 0.18 µm CMOS technology. CC2550 is part of Chipcon’s 4th generation The CC2550 provides extensive hardware support for packet handling, data buffering and burst transmissions. This data sheet contains preliminary data, and supplementary data will be published at a later date. Chipcon reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. The product is not fully qualified at this point. Key Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Small size (QLP 4x4 mm package, 16 pins) True single chip 2.4 GHz RF transmitter Frequency range: 2400-2483.5 MHz Programmable data rate up to 500 kbps Low current consumption Programmable output power up to +1 dBm Very few external components: Totally onchip frequency synthesizer, no external filters needed Programmable baseband modulator Ideal for multi-channel operation Configurable packet handling hardware Suitable for frequency hopping systems due to a fast settling frequency synthesizer Optional Forward Error Correction with interleaving 64-byte TX data FIFO Suited for systems compliant with EN 300 328 and EN 300 440 class 2 (Europe), • • • • • • • • • PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) FCC CFR47 Part 15 (US), and ARIB STDT66 (Japan) Many powerful digital features allow a high-performance RF system to be made using an inexpensive microcontroller Efficient SPI interface: All registers can be programmed with one “burst” transfer Integrated analog temperature sensor Lead-free “green“ package Flexible support for packet oriented systems: On chip support for sync word insertion, flexible packet length and automatic CRC handling OOK supported FSK, GFSK and MSK supported. Optional automatic whitening of data Support for asynchronous transparent transmit mode for backwards compatibility with existing radio communication protocols SWRS039A Page 1 of 54 CC2550 Table of Contents APPLICATIONS ...........................................................................................................................................1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION.........................................................................................................................1 KEY FEATURES ..........................................................................................................................................1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................................................................2 ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................................................4 1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ..............................................................................................4 2 OPERATING CONDITIONS ..........................................................................................................5 3 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS..................................................................................................5 4 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................5 4.1 CURRENT CONSUMPTION .....................................................................................................................5 4.2 RF TRANSMIT SECTION ........................................................................................................................6 4.3 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR .........................................................................................................................6 4.4 FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER CHARACTERISTICS .....................................................................................7 4.5 ANALOG TEMPERATURE SENSOR .........................................................................................................7 4.6 DC CHARACTERISTICS .........................................................................................................................8 4.7 POWER ON RESET.................................................................................................................................8 5 PIN CONFIGURATION...................................................................................................................8 6 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................................9 7 APPLICATION CIRCUIT .............................................................................................................10 8 CONFIGURATION OVERVIEW .................................................................................................12 9 CONFIGURATION SOFTWARE.................................................................................................13 10 4-WIRE SERIAL CONFIGURATION AND DATA INTERFACE ...........................................13 10.1 CHIP STATUS BYTE ............................................................................................................................15 10.2 REGISTERS ACCESS ............................................................................................................................15 10.3 SPI READ ...........................................................................................................................................16 10.4 COMMAND STROBES ..........................................................................................................................16 10.5 FIFO ACCESS .....................................................................................................................................16 10.6 PATABLE ACCESS ............................................................................................................................16 11 MICROCONTROLLER INTERFACE AND PIN CONFIGURATION ...................................17 11.1 CONFIGURATION INTERFACE ..............................................................................................................17 11.2 GENERAL CONTROL AND STATUS PINS ..............................................................................................17 12 DATA RATE PROGRAMMING...................................................................................................18 13 PACKET HANDLING HARDWARE SUPPORT .......................................................................18 13.1 DATA WHITENING ...............................................................................................................................18 13.2 PACKET FORMAT ................................................................................................................................19 13.3 PACKET HANDLING IN TRANSMIT MODE ............................................................................................21 14 MODULATION FORMATS ..........................................................................................................21 14.1 FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING ................................................................................................................21 14.2 MINIMUM SHIFT KEYING....................................................................................................................21 14.3 AMPLITUDE MODULATION .................................................................................................................21 15 FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION WITH INTERLEAVING ..............................................22 15.1 FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION (FEC)...............................................................................................22 15.2 INTERLEAVING ...................................................................................................................................22 16 RADIO CONTROL.........................................................................................................................23 16.1 POWER-ON START-UP SEQUENCE ......................................................................................................23 16.2 CRYSTAL CONTROL ............................................................................................................................24 16.3 VOLTAGE REGULATOR CONTROL.......................................................................................................24 16.4 ACTIVE MODE ....................................................................................................................................25 16.5 TIMING ...............................................................................................................................................25 17 DATA FIFO .....................................................................................................................................25 18 FREQUENCY PROGRAMMING.................................................................................................26 PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 2 of 54 CC2550 19 19.1 20 21 22 22.1 23 24 25 25.1 25.2 26 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 26.6 26.7 26.8 26.9 27 27.1 27.2 28 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 29 30 30.1 30.2 31 32 VCO ..................................................................................................................................................27 VCO AND PLL SELF-CALIBRATION ...................................................................................................27 VOLTAGE REGULATORS ..........................................................................................................27 OUTPUT POWER PROGRAMMING .........................................................................................28 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR.............................................................................................................29 REFERENCE SIGNAL ...........................................................................................................................30 EXTERNAL RF MATCH ..............................................................................................................30 GENERAL PURPOSE / TEST OUTPUT CONTROL PINS ......................................................30 ASYNCHRONOUS AND SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL OPERATION .......................................32 ASYNCHRONOUS OPERATION..............................................................................................................32 SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL OPERATION ....................................................................................................32 SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS AND GUIDELINES ..................................................................32 SRD REGULATIONS ............................................................................................................................32 FREQUENCY HOPPING AND MULTI-CHANNEL SYSTEMS .....................................................................32 WIDEBAND MODULATION NOT USING SPREAD SPECTRUM ................................................................33 DATA BURST TRANSMISSIONS............................................................................................................33 CONTINUOUS TRANSMISSIONS ...........................................................................................................33 SPECTRUM EFFICIENT MODULATION ..................................................................................................33 LOW COST SYSTEMS ..........................................................................................................................34 BATTERY OPERATED SYSTEMS ..........................................................................................................34 INCREASING OUTPUT POWER .............................................................................................................34 CONFIGURATION REGISTERS.................................................................................................34 CONFIGURATION REGISTER DETAILS .................................................................................................38 STATUS REGISTER DETAILS .................................................................................................................46 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION (QLP 16)..........................................................................................49 RECOMMENDED PCB LAYOUT FOR PACKAGE (QLP 16) .....................................................................50 PACKAGE THERMAL PROPERTIES ........................................................................................................50 SOLDERING INFORMATION..................................................................................................................50 TRAY SPECIFICATION ..........................................................................................................................51 CARRIER TAPE AND REEL SPECIFICATION ...........................................................................................51 ORDERING INFORMATION.......................................................................................................51 GENERAL INFORMATION.........................................................................................................51 DOCUMENT HISTORY .........................................................................................................................51 PRODUCT STATUS DEFINITIONS .........................................................................................................52 ADDRESS INFORMATION ..........................................................................................................53 TI WORLDWIDE TECHNICAL SUPPORT...............................................................................53 PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 3 of 54 CC2550 Abbreviations Abbreviations used in this data sheet are described below. ACP Adjacent Channel Power MSK ADC Analog to Digital Converter NA Minimum Shift Keying Not Applicable AGC Automatic Gain Control LO Local Oscillator AMR Automatic Meter Reading OOK On Off Keying ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses PA Power Amplifier ASK Amplitude Shift Keying PCB Printed Circuit Board BER Bit Error Rate PD Power Down BT Bandwidth-Time product PER Packet Error Rate CFR Code of Federal Regulations PLL Phase Locked Loop CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying DC ESR FCC Direct Current Equivalent Series Resistance Federal Communications Commission QLP RF RX Quad Leadless Package Radio Frequency Receive, Receive Mode FEC Forward Error Correction SMD Surface Mount Device FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum SNR Signal to Noise Ratio FIFO First-In-First-Out SPI Serial Peripheral Interface FSK Frequency Shift Keying SRD Short Range Device GFSK Gaussian shaped Frequency Shift Keying TX Transmit, Transmit Mode I/Q In-Phase/Quadrature VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical WLAN Wireless Local Area Networks LC Inductor-Capacitor XOSC Crystal Oscillator LO Local Oscillator XTAL Crystal MCU Microcontroller Unit 1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Under no circumstances must the absolute maximum ratings given in Table 1 be violated. Stress exceeding one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. Caution! ESD sensitive device. Precaution should be used when handling the device in order to prevent permanent damage. Parameter Min Max Units Condition Supply voltage –0.3 3.6 V Voltage on any digital pin –0.3 VDD+0.3, max 3.6 V Voltage on the pins RF_P, RF_N and DCOUPL –0.3 2.0 V Storage temperature range –50 150 °C Solder reflow temperature 260 °C According to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C ESD <500 V According to JEDEC STD 22, method A114, Human Body Model All supply pins must have the same voltage Table 1: Absolute maximum ratings PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 4 of 54 CC2550 2 Operating Conditions The operating conditions for CC2550 are listed Table 2 in below. Parameter Min Max Unit Operating temperature –40 85 °C Operating supply voltage 1.8 3.6 V Condition All supply pins must have the same voltage Table 2: Operating conditions 3 General Characteristics Parameter Min Frequency range 2400 Data rate Typ Max Unit Condition/Note 2483.5 MHz There will be spurious signals at n/2·crystal oscillator frequency (n is an integer number). RF frequencies at n/2·crystal oscillator frequency should therefore not be used (e.g. 2405, 2418, 2444, 2457, 2470 and 2483 MHz when using a 26 MHz crystal). Please refer to the CC2550 Errata Note for more details. 1.2 500 kbps FSK 1.2 250 kbps GFSK and OOK 26 500 kbps (Shaped) MSK (also known as differential offset QPSK) Optional Manchester encoding (halves the data rate). Table 3: General characteristics 4 4.1 Electrical Specifications Current Consumption Tc = 25°C, VDD = 3.0 V if nothing else stated. All measurement results obtained using the CC2550EM reference design. Parameter Current consumption in power down modes Current consumption Current consumption, TX states Min Typ Max Unit Condition 200 nA Voltage regulator to digital part off (SLEEP state) 160 µA Voltage regulator to digital part on, all other modules in power down (XOFF state) 1.4 mA Only voltage regulator to digital part and crystal oscillator running (IDLE state) 7.3 mA Only the frequency synthesizer running (after going from IDLE until reaching TX state, and frequency calibration states) 11.2 mA Transmit mode, –12 dBm output power (TX state) 14.7 mA Transmit mode, -6 dBm output power (TX state) 19.4 mA Transmit mode, 0 dBm output power (TX state) 21.3 mA Transmit mode, +1 dBm output power (TX state) Table 4: Current consumption PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 5 of 54 CC2550 4.2 RF Transmit Section Tc = 25°C, VDD = 3.0 V, 0 dBm if nothing else stated. All measurement results obtained using the CC2550EM reference design. Parameter Min Typ Differential load impedance Max Unit 80 + j74 Ω +1 dBm Output power, highest setting Condition/Note Differential impedance as seen from the RF-port (RF_P and RF_N) towards the antenna. Follow the CC2550EM reference design available from the TI and Chipcon websites. Output power is programmable and is available across the entire frequency band. Delivered to 50 Ω single-ended load via CC2550EM reference RF matching network. Output power, lowest setting –30 dBm Output power is programmable and is available across the entire frequency band. Delivered to 50 Ω single-ended load via CC2550EM reference RF matching network. Adjacent channel power –19 dBc 1 MHz channel spacing (±1 MHz from carrier) and 500 kbps MSK. Alternate channel power –39 dBc 1 MHz channel spacing (±2 MHz from carrier) and 500 kbps MSK. Spurious emissions 25 MHz – 1 GHz –36 dBm 47-74, 87.5-118, 174230, 470-862 MHz –54 dBm 1800-1900 MHz –47 dBm Restricted band in Europe At 2·RF and 3·RF –41 dBm Restricted bands in USA Otherwise above 1 GHz –30 dBm Table 5: RF transmit parameters 4.3 Crystal Oscillator Tc = 25°C, VDD = 3.0 V if nothing else stated. Parameter Crystal frequency Tolerance Min Typ Max Unit 26 26 27 MHz ±40 ppm Condition/Note This is the total tolerance including a) initial tolerance, b) crystal loading, c) aging and d) temperature dependence. The acceptable crystal tolerance depends on RF frequency and channel spacing / bandwidth. ESR Start-up time 100 300 Ω µs Measured on CC2550 EM reference design. Table 6: Crystal oscillator parameters PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 6 of 54 CC2550 4.4 Frequency Synthesizer Characteristics Tc = 25°C, VDD = 3.0 V if nothing else stated. All measurement results obtained using the CC2550EM reference design. Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition/Note Programmed frequency resolution 397 FXOSC/ 16 2 427 Hz 26-27 MHz crystal. Synthesizer frequency tolerance ±40 ppm Given by crystal used. Required accuracy (including temperature and aging) depends on frequency band and channel bandwidth / spacing. RF carrier phase noise –74 dBc/Hz @ 50 kHz offset from carrier –74 dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz offset from carrier –77 dBc/Hz @ 200 kHz offset from carrier –97 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset from carrier –106 dBc/Hz @ 2 MHz offset from carrier –114 dBc/Hz @ 5 MHz offset from carrier –117 dBc/Hz @ 10 MHz offset from carrier 88.4 µs Time from leaving the IDLE state until arriving in the FSTXON or TX state, when not performing calibration. Crystal oscillator running. XOSC cycles Calibration can be initiated manually or automatically before entering or after leaving RX/TX. ms Min/typ/max time is for 27/26/26 MHz crystal frequency. PLL turn-on / hop time PLL calibration time 18739 0.69 0.72 0.72 Table 7: Frequency synthesizer parameters 4.5 Analog Temperature Sensor The characteristics of the analog temperature sensor are listed in Table 8 below. Note that it is necessary to write 0xBF to the PTEST register to use the analog temperature sensor in the IDLE state. Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Output voltage at –40°C 0.660 V Output voltage at 0°C 0.755 V Output voltage at +40°C 0.859 V Output voltage at +80°C 0.958 V Temperature coefficient Error in calculated temperature, calibrated 2.54 -2 * 0 2 * Condition/Note mV/°C Fitted from –20°C to +80°C °C From –20°C to +80°C when using 2.54 mV / °C, after 1-point calibration at room temperature * The indicated minimum and maximum error with 1point calibration is based on simulated values for typical process parameters Current consumption increase when enabled 0.3 mA Table 8: Analog temperature sensor parameters PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 7 of 54 CC2550 4.6 DC Characteristics Tc = 25°C if nothing else stated. Digital Inputs/Outputs Min Max Unit Condition Logic "0" input voltage 0 0.7 V Logic "1" input voltage VDD-0.7 VDD V Logic "0" output voltage 0 0.5 V For up to 4 mA output current Logic "1" output voltage VDD-0.3 VDD V For up to 4 mA output current Logic "0" input current NA -50 nA Input equals 0 V Logic "1" input current NA 50 nA Input equals VDD Table 9: DC characteristics 4.7 Power On Reset When the power supply complies with the requirements in Table 10 below, proper Power-OnReset functionality is guaranteed. Otherwise, the chip should be assumed to have unknown state until transmitting an SRES strobe over the SPI interface. See Section 16.1 on page 23 for further details. Parameter Min Typ Power-up ramp-up time. Power off time Max Unit Condition/Note 5 ms From 0 V until reaching 1.8 V ms Minimum time between power off and power-on. 1 Table 10: Power-on reset requirements AVDD RBIAS DGUARD Pin Configuration SI 5 16 15 14 13 SCLK 1 12 AVDD SO (GDO1) 2 11 RF_N DVDD 3 10 RF_P DCOUPL 4 9 CSn 5 6 7 8 XOSC_Q1 AVDD XOSC_Q2 GDO0 (ATEST) GND Exposed die attach pad Figure 1: Pinout top view Note: The exposed die attach pad must be connected to a solid ground plane as this is the main ground connection for the chip. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 8 of 54 CC2550 Pin # Pin name Pin type Description 1 SCLK Digital Input Serial configuration interface, clock input 2 SO (GDO1) Digital Output Serial configuration interface, data output. Optional general output pin when CSn is high 3 DVDD Power (Digital) 1.8 - 3.6 V digital power supply for digital I/O’s and for the digital core voltage regulator 4 DCOUPL Power (Digital) 1.6 - 2.0 V digital power supply output for decoupling. NOTE: This pin is intended for use with the CC2550 only. It can not be used to provide supply voltage to other devices. 5 XOSC_Q1 Analog I/O Crystal oscillator pin 1, or external clock input 6 AVDD Power (Analog) 1.8 - 3.6 V analog power supply connection 7 XOSC_Q2 Analog I/O Crystal oscillator pin 2 8 GDO0 Digital I/O Digital output pin for general use: • • • • (ATEST) Test signals FIFO status signals Clock output, down-divided from XOSC Serial input TX data Also used as analog test I/O for prototype/production testing 9 CSn Digital Input Serial configuration interface, chip select 10 RF_P RF Output Positive RF output signal from PA 11 RF_N RF Output Negative RF output signal from PA 12 AVDD Power (Analog) 1.8 - 3.6 V analog power supply connection 13 AVDD Power (Analog) 1.8 - 3.6 V analog power supply connection 14 RBIAS Analog I/O External bias resistor for reference current 15 DGUARD Power (Digital) Power supply connection for digital noise isolation 16 SI Digital Input Serial configuration interface, data input Table 11: Pinout overview 6 Circuit Description BIAS XOSC DIGITAL INTERFACE TO MCU TX FIFO PA PACKET HANDLER RF_N FREQ SYNTH FEC / INTERLEAVER RF_P MODULATOR RADIO CONTROL SCLK SO (GDO1) SI CSn GDO0 (ATEST) RBIAS XOSC_Q1 XOSC_Q2 Figure 2: CC2550 simplified block diagram PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 9 of 54 CC2550 A simplified block diagram of CC2550 is shown in Figure 2. The CC2550 transmitter is based on direct synthesis of the RF frequency. The frequency synthesizer completely on-chip LC VCO. includes a A crystal is to be connected to XOSC_Q1 and 7 XOSC_Q2. The crystal oscillator generates the reference frequency for the synthesizer, as well as clocks for the digital part. A 4-wire SPI serial interface is used for configuration and data buffer access. The digital baseband includes support for channel configuration, packet handling and data buffering. Application Circuit Only a few external components are required for using the CC2550. The recommended application circuit is shown in Figure 3. The external components are described in Table 12, and typical values are given in Table 13. 13. The balun and LC filter component values and their placement are important to keep the performance optimized. It is highly recommended to follow the CC2550EM reference design. Bias resistor Crystal The bias resistor R141 is used to set an accurate bias current. The crystal oscillator uses an external crystal with two loading capacitors (C51 and C71). See Section 22 on page 29 for details. Balun and RF matching C102, C112, L101 and L111 form a balun that converts the differential RF signal on CC2550 to a single-ended RF signal. C101 and C111 are needed for DC blocking. Together with an appropriate LC network, the balun components also transform the impedance to match a 50 Ω antenna (or cable). Component values for the RF balun and LC network are easily found using the SmartRF® Studio software. Suggested values are listed in Table Component C41 C51/C71 Power supply decoupling The power supply must be properly decoupled close to the supply pins. Note that decoupling capacitors are not shown in the application circuit. The placement and the size of the decoupling capacitors are very important to achieve the optimum performance. The CC2550EM reference design should be followed closely. Description 100 nF decoupling capacitor for on-chip voltage regulator to digital part Crystal loading capacitors, see Section 22 on page 29 for details C101/C111 RF balun DC blocking capacitors C102/C112 RF balun/matching capacitors C103/C104 RF LC filter/matching capacitors L101/L111 RF balun/matching inductors (inexpensive multi-layer type) L102 RF LC filter inductor (inexpensive multi-layer type) R141 Resistor for internal bias current reference XTAL 26-27 MHz crystal, see Section 22 on page 29 for details Table 12: Overview of external components (excluding supply decoupling capacitors) PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 10 of 54 CC2550 1.8V-3.6V power supply R141 1 SCLK SO (GDO1) 2 SO (GDO1) Antenna (50 Ohm) AVDD 13 RBIAS 14 DGUARD 15 SCLK CC2550 RF_N 11 C111 C112 C101 L102 C103 L101 C102 CSn 9 8 GDO0 6 AVDD C41 7 XOSC_Q2 4DCOUPL L111 AVDD 12 3 DVDD DIE ATTACH PAD:RF_P 10 5XOSC_Q1 Digital Inteface SI 16 SI C104 Alternative: Folded dipole PCB antenna (no external components needed) GDO0 (optional) CSn XTAL C51 C71 Figure 3: Typical application and evaluation circuit (excluding supply decoupling capacitors) Component Value Manufacturer C41 100 nF±10%, 0402 X5R Murata GRM15 series C51 27 pF±5%, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM15 series C71 27 pF±5%, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM15 series C101 100 pF±5%, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM15 series C102 1.0 pF±0.25pF, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM15 series C103 1.8 pF±0.25pF, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM15 series C104 1.5 pF±0.25pF, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM15 series C111 100 pF±5%, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM15 series C112 1.0 pF±0.25pF, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM15 series L101 1.2 nH±0.3nH, 0402 monolithic Murata LQG15 series L102 1.2 nH±0.3nH, 0402 monolithic Murata LQG15 series L111 1.2 nH±0.3nH, 0402 monolithic Murata LQG15 series R141 56 kΩ±1%, 0402 Koa RK73 series XTAL 26.0 MHz surface mount crystal NDK, AT-41CD2 Table 13: Bill of Materials for the application circuit In the CC2550EM reference design, LQG15 series inductors from Murata have been used. Measurements have been performed with multi-layer inductors from other manufacturers (e.g. Würth) and the measurement results were the same as when using the Murata part. The Gerber files for the CC2550EM reference design are available from the TI and Chipcon websites. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 11 of 54 CC2550 8 Configuration Overview CC2550 can be configured to achieve optimum performance for many different applications. Configuration is done using the SPI interface. The following key parameters can be programmed: • • • • • • • • • Power-down / power up mode Crystal oscillator power-up / power – down Transmit mode RF channel selection Data rate Modulation format RF output power Data buffering with 64-byte transmit FIFO Packet radio hardware support • • Forward Error Correction with interleaving Data Whitening Details of each configuration register can be found in Section 27, starting on page 34. Figure 4 shows a simplified state diagram that explains the main CC2550 states, together with typical usage and current consumption. For detailed information on controlling the CC2550 state machine, and a complete state diagram, see Section 16, starting on page 23. Figure 4: Simplified state diagram, with typical usage and current consumption PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 12 of 54 CC2550 9 Configuration Software CC2550 can be configured using the SmartRF® Studio software, available for download from http://www.ti.com. The SmartRF® Studio software is highly recommended for obtaining optimum register settings, and for evaluating performance and functionality. A screenshot of the SmartRF® Studio user interface for CC2550 is shown in Figure 5. Figure 5: SmartRF® Studio user interface 10 4-wire Serial Configuration and Data Interface CC2550 is configured via a simple 4-wire SPIcompatible interface (SI, SO, SCLK and CSn) where CC2550 is the slave. This interface is also used to read and write buffered data. All address and data transfer on the SPI interface is done most significant bit first. All transactions on the SPI interface start with a header byte containing a read/write bit, a burst access bit and a 6-bit address. During address and data transfer, the CSn pin (Chip Select, active low) must be kept low. If CSn goes high during the access, the transfer will be cancelled. The timing for the address and data transfer on the SPI interface is shown in Figure 6 with reference to Table 14. When CSn goes low, the MCU must wait until the CC2550 SO pin goes low before starting to transfer the header byte. This indicates that the voltage regulator has stabilized and the crystal is running. Unless the chip is in the SLEEP or XOFF states or an SRES command strobe is issued, the SO pin will always go low immediately after taking CSn low. Figure 7 gives a brief overview of different register access types possible. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 13 of 54 CC2550 tsp tch tcl tsd thd tns SCLK: CSn: Write to register: X 0 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 Hi-Z S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 SI SO X D 7 W S7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 D 2 D 1 W W W W W W X W S7 Hi-Z Read from register: SI X SO Hi-Z 1 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 X D 7 R D 6 R D 5 R D 4 D 3 R R R D 0 R R Hi-Z Figure 6: Configuration registers write and read operations Parameter Description fSCLK SCLK frequency Min Max Units - 10 MHz 9 MHz 6.5 MHz 100 ns delay inserted between address byte and data byte (single access), or between address and data, and between each data byte (burst access). SCLK frequency, single access No delay between address and data byte SCLK frequency, burst access No delay between address and data byte, or between data bytes tsp,pd CSn low to positive edge on SCLK, in power-down mode 200 - µs tsp CSn low to positive edge on SCLK, in active mode 20 - ns tch Clock high 50 - ns tcl Clock low 50 - ns trise Clock rise time - 5 ns tfall Clock fall time - 5 ns tsd Setup data (negative SCLK edge) to positive edge on SCLK Single access 55 - ns Burst access 76 - ns (tsd applies between address and data bytes, and between data bytes) thd Hold data after positive edge on SCLK 20 - ns tns Negative edge on SCLK to CSn high 20 - ns Table 14: SPI interface timing requirements Figure 7: Register access types PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 14 of 54 CC2550 10.1 Chip Status Byte When the header byte, data byte or command strobe is sent on the SPI interface, the chip status byte is sent by the CC2550 on the SO pin. The status byte contains key status signals, useful for the MCU. The first bit, s7, is the CHIP_RDYn signal; this signal must go low before the first positive edge of SCLK. The CHIP_RDYn signal indicates that the crystal is running and the regulated digital supply voltage is stable. should only be updated when the chip is in this state. The TX state will be active when the chip is transmitting. The last four bits (3:0) in the status byte contains FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE. This field contains the number of bytes free for writing into the TX FIFO. When FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE=15, 15 or more bytes are free. Table 15 gives a status byte summary. Bits 6, 5 and 4 comprise the STATE value. This value reflects the state of the chip. The XOSC and power to the digital core is on in the IDLE state, but all other modules are in power down. The frequency and channel configuration Bits Name Description 7 CHIP_RDYn Stays high until power and crystal have stabilized. Should always be low when using the SPI interface. 6:4 STATE[2:0] Indicates the current main state machine mode Value 000 State Description Idle IDLE state (Also reported for some transitional states instead of SETTLING or CALIBRATE) 001 Not used (RX) Not used, included for software compatibility with CC2500 transceiver 010 TX Transmit mode 011 FSTXON Fast TX ready 100 CALIBRATE Frequency synthesizer calibration is running 101 SETTLING PLL is settling 110 Not used (RXFIFO_OVERFLOW) Not used, included for software compatibility with CC2500 transceiver 111 TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW TX FIFO has underflowed. Acknowledge with SFTX 3:0 FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE[3:0] The number of free bytes in the TX FIFO. If FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE=15, it indicates that 15 or more bytes are free. Table 15: Status byte summary 10.2 Registers Access The configuration registers on the CC2550 are located on SPI addresses from 0x00 to 0x2F. Table 24 on page 36 lists all configuration registers. The detailed description of each register is found in Section 27.1, starting on page 38. All configuration registers can be both written and read. The read/write bit controls if the register should be written or read. When writing to registers, the status byte is sent on the SO pin each time a header byte or data byte is transmitted on the SI pin. When reading from registers, the status byte is sent on the SO pin each time a header byte is transmitted on the SI pin. Registers with consecutive addresses can be accessed in an efficient way by setting the burst bit in the address header. The address sets the start address in an internal address counter. This counter is incremented by one PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 15 of 54 CC2550 each new byte (every 8 clock pulses). The burst access is either a read or a write access and must be terminated by setting CSn high. For register addresses in the range 0x300x3D, the “burst” bit is used to select between status registers and command strobes (see below). The status registers can only be read. Burst read is not available for status registers, so they must be read one at a time. Figure 8: SRES command strobe 10.5 FIFO Access 10.3 SPI Read When reading register fields over the SPI interface while the register fields are updated by the radio hardware (e.g. MARCSTATE or TXBYTES), there is a small, but finite, probability that a single read from the register is being corrupt. As an example, the probability of any single read from TXBYTES being corrupt, assuming the maximum data rate is used, is approximately 80 ppm. Refer to the CC2550 Errata Note for more details. 10.4 Command Strobes Command strobes may be viewed as single byte instructions to CC2550. By addressing a command strobe register, internal sequences will be started. These commands are used to disable the crystal oscillator, enable transmit mode, flush the TX FIFO etc. The 9 command strobes are listed in Table 23 on page 35. The command strobe registers are accessed in the same way as for a register write operation, but no data is transferred. That is, only the R/W bit (set to 0), burst access (set to 0) and the six address bits (in the range 0x30 through 0x3D) are written. When writing command strobes, the status byte is sent on the SO pin. A command strobe may be followed by any other SPI access without pulling CSn high. After issuing an SRES command strobe the next command strobe can be issued when the SO pin goes low as shown in Figure 8. The command strobes are executed immediately, with the exception of the SPWD and the SXOFF strobes that are executed when CSn goes high. The 64-byte TX FIFO is accessed through the 0x3F address. When the read/write bit is zero, the TX FIFO is accessed. The TX FIFO is write-only. The burst bit is used to determine if FIFO access is single byte or a burst access. The single byte access method expects address with burst bit set to zero and one data byte. After the data byte a new address is expected; hence, CSn can remain low. The burst access method expects one address byte and then consecutive data bytes until terminating the access by setting CSn high. The following header bytes access the FIFO: • 0x3F: Single byte access to TX FIFO • 0x7F: Burst access to TX FIFO When writing to the TX FIFO, the status byte (see Section 10.1) is output for each new data byte on SO, as shown in Figure 6. This status byte can be used to detect TX FIFO underflow while writing data to the TX FIFO. Note that the status byte contains the number of bytes free before writing the byte in progress to the TX FIFO. When the last byte that fits in the TX FIFO is transmitted to the SI pin, the status byte received concurrently on the SO pin will indicate that one byte is free in the TX FIFO. The transmit FIFO may be flushed by issuing a SFTX command strobe. The FIFO is cleared when going to the SLEEP state. 10.6 PATABLE Access The 0x3E address is used to access the PATABLE, which is used for selecting PA power control settings. The SPI expects up to eight data bytes after receiving the address. By programming the PATABLE, controlled PA power ramp-up and ramp-down can be achieved. See Section 21 on page 28 for output power programming details. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 16 of 54 CC2550 The PATABLE is an 8-byte table that defines the PA control settings to use for each of the eight PA power values (selected by the 3-bit value FREND0.PA_POWER). The table is written and read from the lowest setting (0) to the highest (7), one byte at a time. An index counter is used to control the access to the table. This counter is incremented each time a byte is read or written to the table, and set to the lowest index when CSn is high. When the highest value is reached the counter restarts at 0. If one byte is written to the PATABLE and this value is to be read out then CSn must be set high before the read access in order to set the index counter back to zero. Note that the content of the PATABLE is lost when entering the SLEEP state. The access to the PATABLE is either single byte or burst access depending on the burst bit. When using burst access the index counter will count up; when reaching 7 the counter will restart at 0. The read/write bit controls whether the access is a write access (R/W=0) or a read access (R/W=1). 11 Microcontroller Interface and Pin Configuration In a typical system, CC2550 will interface to a microcontroller. This microcontroller must be able to: • Write buffered data pin is the SO pin in the SPI interface. The default setting for GDO1/SO is 3-state output. By selecting any other of the programming options the GDO1/SO pin will become a generic pin. When CSn is low, the pin will always function as a normal SO pin. • Read back status information via the 4-wire SPI-bus configuration interface (SI, SO, SCLK and CSn) In the synchronous and asynchronous serial modes, the GDO0 pin is used as a serial TX data input pin while in transmit mode. • Program CC2550 into different modes 11.1 Configuration Interface The microcontroller uses four I/O pins for the SPI configuration interface (SI, SO, SCLK and CSn). The SPI is described in 13 on page 13. 11.2 General Control and Status Pins The CC2550 has one dedicated configurable pin and one shared pin that can output internal status information useful for control software. These pins can be used to generate interrupts on the MCU. See Section 24 page 30 for more details of the signals that can be programmed. The dedicated pin is called GDO0. The shared The GDO0 pin can also be used for an on-chip analog temperature sensor. By measuring the voltage on the GDO0 pin with an external ADC, the temperature can be calculated. Specifications for the temperature sensor are found in Section 4.5 on page 7. With default PTEST register setting (0x7F) the temperature sensor output is only available when the frequency synthesizer is enabled (e.g. the MANCAL, FSTXON and TX states). It is necessary to write 0xBF to the PTEST register to use the analog temperature sensor in the IDLE state. Before leaving the IDLE state, the PTEST register should be restored to its default value (0x7F). PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 17 of 54 CC2550 12 Data Rate Programming The data rate used when transmitting is programmed by the MDMCFG3.DRATE_M and the MDMCFG4.DRATE_E configuration registers. The data rate is given by the formula below. As the formula shows, the programmed data rate depends on the crystal frequency. RDATA = (256 + DRATE _ M ) ⋅ 2 DRATE _ E ⋅ f 2 28 XOSC If DRATE_M is rounded to the nearest integer and becomes 256, increment DRATE_E and use DRATE_M=0. The data rate can programmed from 1.2 kbps to 500 kbps with a minimum step size of: Data rate start [kbps] Typical data rate [kbps] Data rate stop [kbps] Data rate step size [kbps] 0.8 1.2/2.4 3.17 0.0062 3.17 4.8 6.35 0.0124 6.35 9.6 12.7 0.0248 12.7 19.6 25.4 0.0496 25.4 38.4 50.8 0.0992 50.8 76.8 101.6 0.1984 101.6 153.6 203.1 0.3967 203.1 250 406.3 0.7935 406.3 500 500 1.5869 The following approach can be used to find suitable values for a given data rate: ⎢ ⎛ R DATA ⋅ 2 20 ⎞⎥ ⎟⎟⎥ DRATE _ E = ⎢log 2 ⎜⎜ ⎝ f XOSC ⎠⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ DRATE _ M = R DATA ⋅ 2 − 256 f XOSC ⋅ 2 DRATE _ E 28 Table 16: Data rate step size 13 Packet Handling Hardware Support The CC2550 has built-in hardware support for packet oriented radio protocols. In transmit mode, the packet handler will add the following elements to the packet stored in the TX FIFO: • • • • • A programmable number of preamble bytes. A two byte synchronization (sync) word. Can be duplicated to give a 4-byte sync word. Optionally whiten the data with a PN9 sequence. Optionally Interleave and Forward Error Code the data. Optionally compute and add a CRC checksum over the data field. In a system where CC2550 is used as the transmitter and CC2500 as the receiver the recommended setting is 4-byte preamble and 4-byte sync word except for 500 kbps data rate where the recommended preamble length is 8 bytes. 13.1 Data whitening From a radio perspective, the ideal over the air data are random and DC free. This results in the smoothest power distribution over the occupied bandwidth. This also gives the regulation loops in the receiver uniform operation conditions (no data dependencies). Real world data often contain long sequences of zeros and ones. Performance can then be improved by whitening the data before transmitting, and de-whitening in the receiver. With CC2550, in combination with a CC2500 at the receiver end, this can be done automatically by setting PKTCTRL0 .WHITE_DATA=1. All data, except the preamble and the sync word, are then XOR-ed with a 9-bit pseudo-random (PN9) sequence before being transmitted as shown in Figure 9. At the receiver end, the data are XOR-ed with the same pseudo-random sequence. This way, the whitening is reversed, and the original data appear in the receiver. Data whitening can only be used when PKTCTRL0.CC2400_EN = 0 (default). PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 18 of 54 CC2550 Figure 9: Data whitening in TX mode • 13.2 Packet format The format of the data packet can be configured and consists of the following items (see Figure 10): • • Preamble Synchronization word • • • Length byte or constant programmable packet length Optional Address byte Payload Optional 2 byte CRC Data field 16/32 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 x n bits Legend: Inserted automatically in TX, processed and removed in RX. CRC-16 Address field 8 x n bits Length field Preamble bits (1010...1010) Sync word Optional data whitening Optionally FEC encoded/decoded Optional CRC-16 calculation Optional user-provided fields processed in TX, processed but not removed in RX. Unprocessed user data (apart from FEC and/or whitening) 16 bits Figure 10: Packet format The preamble pattern is an alternating sequence of ones and zeros (01010101…). The minimum length of the preamble is programmable. When enabling TX, the modulator will start transmitting the preamble. When the programmed number of preamble bytes has been transmitted, the modulator will send the sync word and then data from the TX FIFO if data is available. If the TX FIFO is empty, the modulator will continue to send preamble bytes until the first byte is written to the TX FIFO. The modulator will then send the sync word and then the data bytes. The number of preamble bytes is programmed with the MDMCFG1.NUM_PREAMBLE value. The synchronization word is a two-byte value set in the SYNC1 and SYNC0 registers. The sync word provides byte synchronization of the incoming packet. A one-byte synch word can be emulated by setting the SYNC1 value to the preamble pattern. It is also possible to emulate a 32 bit sync word by using MDMCFG2.SYNC_MODE=3 or 7. The sync word will then be repeated twice. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 19 of 54 CC2550 CC2550 supports both fixed packet length protocols and variable packet length protocols. Variable or fixed packet length mode can be used for packets up to 255 bytes. For longer packets, infinite packet length mode must be used. Fixed packet length mode is selected by setting PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=0. The desired packet length is set by the PKTLEN register. In variable packet length mode, PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=1, the packet length is configured by the first byte after the sync word. The packet length is defined as the payload data, excluding the length byte and the optional automatic CRC. With PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=2, the packet length is set to infinite and transmission will continue until turned off manually. The infinite mode can be turned off while a packet is being transmitted. As described in the next section, this can be used to support packet formats with different length configuration than natively supported by CC2550. 13.2.1 Arbitrary length field configuration By utilizing the infinite packet length option, arbitrary packet length is available. At the start of the packet, the infinite mode must be active. On the TX side, the PKTLEN register is set to mod(length, 256). When less than 256 bytes remains of the packet the MCU disables infinite packet length and activates fixed length packets. When the internal byte counter reaches the PKTLEN value, the transmission ends. Automatic CRC appending/checking can be used (by setting PKTCTRL0.CRC_EN to 1). When for example a 600-byte packet is to be transmitted, the MCU should do the following (see also Figure 11): • Set PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=2 (10). • Pre-program the PKTLEN mod(600,256)=88. • Transmit at least 345 bytes, for example by filling the 64-byte TX FIFO six times (384 bytes transmitted). • Set PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=0 (00). • The transmission ends when the packet counter reaches 88. A total of 600 bytes are transmitted. register to Figure 11: Arbitrary length field configuration PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 20 of 54 CC2550 13.3 Packet Handling in Transmit Mode The payload that is to be transmitted must be written into the TX FIFO. The first byte written must be the length byte when variable packet length is enabled. The length byte has a value equal to the payload of the packet (including the optional address byte). If fixed packet length is enabled, then the first byte written to the TX FIFO is interpreted as the destination address, if this feature is enabled in the device that receives the packet. The modulator will first send the programmed number of preamble bytes. If data is available in the TX FIFO, the modulator will send the two-byte (optionally 4-byte) sync word and then the payload in the TX FIFO. If CRC is 14 enabled, the checksum is calculated over all the data pulled from the TX FIFO and the result is sent as two extra bytes at the end of the payload data. If whitening is enabled, the length byte, payload data and the two CRC bytes will be whitened. This is done before the optional FEC/Interleaver stage. Whitening is enabled by setting PKTCTRL0.WHITE_DATA=1. If FEC/Interleaving is enabled, the length byte, payload data and the two CRC bytes will be scrambled by the interleaver, and FEC encoded before being modulated. Modulation Formats CC2550 supports amplitude, frequency and phase shift modulation formats. The desired modulation format is set in the MDMCFG2.MOD_FORMAT register. Optionally, the data stream can be Manchester coded by the modulator. This option is enabled by setting MDMCFG2.MANCHESTER_EN=1. Manchester encoding is not supported at the same time as using the FEC/Interleaver option. 14.1 Frequency Shift Keying FSK can optionally be shaped by a Gaussian filter with BT=1, producing a GFSK modulated signal. The frequency deviation is programmed with the DEVIATION_M and DEVIATION_E values in the DEVIATN register. The value has an exponent/mantissa form, and the resultant deviation is given by: f dev = f xosc ⋅ (8 + DEVIATION _ M ) ⋅ 2 DEVIATION _ E 217 The symbol encoding is shown in Table 17. Format Symbol Coding FSK\GFSK ‘0’ – Deviation ‘1’ + Deviation Table 17: Symbol encoding for FSK modulation 14.2 Minimum Shift Keying When using MSK1, the complete transmission (preamble, sync word and payload) will be MSK modulated. Phase shifts are performed with a constant transition time. The fraction of a symbol period used to change the phase can be modified with the DEVIATN.DEVIATION_M setting. This is equivalent to changing the shaping of the symbol. The MSK modulation format implemented in inverts the sync word and data compared to e.g. signal generators. CC2550 14.3 Amplitude Modulation The supported amplitude modulation On-Off Keying (OOK) simply turns on or off the PA to modulate 1 and 0 respectively. 1 Identical to offset QPSK with half-sine shaping (data coding may differ) PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 21 of 54 CC2550 15 Forward Error Correction with Interleaving 15.1 Forward Error Correction (FEC) 15.2 Interleaving CC2550 has built in support for Forward Error Correction (FEC) that can be used with CC2500 Data received through real radio channels will often experience burst errors due to interference and time-varying signal strengths. In order to increase the robustness to errors spanning multiple bits, interleaving is used when FEC is enabled. After de-interleaving, a continuous span of errors in the received stream will become single errors spread apart. at the receiver end. To enable this option, set MDMCFG1.FEC_EN to 1. FEC is employed on the data field and CRC word in order to reduce the gross bit error rate when operating near the sensitivity limit. Redundancy is added to the transmitted data in such a way that the receiver can restore the original data in the presence of some bit errors. CC2550 employs matrix interleaving, which is illustrated in Figure 12. The on-chip interleaving and de-interleaving buffers are 4 x 4 matrices. In the transmitter, the data bits are written into the rows of the matrix, whereas the bit sequence to be transmitted is read from the columns of the matrix and fed to the rate ½ convolutional coder. Conversely, in a CC2500 receiver, the received symbols are written into the columns of the matrix, whereas the data passed onto the convolutional decoder is read from the rows of the matrix. The use of FEC allows correct reception at a lower SNR, thus extending communication range. Alternatively, for a given SNR, using FEC decreases the bit error rate (BER). As the packet error rate (PER) is related to BER by: PER = 1 − (1 − BER) packet _ length , a lower BER can be used to allow longer packets, or a higher percentage of packets of a given length, to be transmitted successfully. Finally, in realistic ISM radio environments, transient and time-varying phenomena will produce occasional errors even in otherwise good reception conditions. FEC will mask such errors and, combined with interleaving of the coded data, even correct relatively long periods of faulty reception (burst errors). When FEC and interleaving is used at least one extra byte is required for trellis termination. In addition, the amount of data transmitted over the air must be a multiple of the size of the interleaver buffer (two bytes). The packet control hardware therefore automatically inserts one or two extra bytes at the end of the packet, so that the total length of the data to be interleaved is an even number. Note that these extra bytes are invisible to the user, as they are removed before the received packet enters the RX FIFO in a CC2500. The FEC scheme adopted for CC2550 is convolutional coding, in which n bits are generated based on k input bits and the m most recent input bits, forming a code stream able to withstand a certain number of bit errors between each coding state (the m-bit window). When FEC and interleaving is used the minimum data payload is 2 bytes in fixed and variable packet length mode. The convolutional coder is a rate 1/2 code with a constraint length of m=4. The coder codes one input bit and produces two output bits; hence, the effective data rate is halved. 3) Receiving interleaved data 4) Passing on data to decoder Transmitter Decoder Demodulator Encoder TX Data 2) Transmitting interleaved data Modulator 1) Storing coded data Note that for the CC2500 transceiver FEC is only supported in fixed packet length mode (PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=0). RX Data Receiver Figure 12: General principle of matrix interleaving PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 22 of 54 CC2550 16 Radio Control SIDLE SLEEP 0 SPWD CAL_COMPLETE MANCAL 3,4,5 CSn = 0 IDLE 1 SXOFF SCAL CSn = 0 XOFF 2 STX | SFSTXON FS_WAKEUP 6,7 FS_AUTOCAL = 01 & STX | SFSTXON FS_AUTOCAL = 00 | 10 | 11 & STX | SFSTXON SFSTXON FSTXON 18 CALIBRATE 8 CAL_COMPLETE SETTLING 9,10,11 STX STX TXOFF_MODE = 01 TXOFF_MODE = 10 TX 19,20 TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW TXOFF_MODE = 00 & FS_AUTOCAL = 10 | 11 CALIBRATE 12 TXOFF_MODE = 00 & FS_AUTOCAL = 00 | 01 TX_UNDERFLOW 22 SFTX IDLE 1 Figure 13: Radio control state diagram CC2550 has a built-in state machine that is used to switch between different operation states (modes). The change of state is done either by using command strobes or by internal events such as TX FIFO underflow. A simplified state diagram, together with typical usage and current consumption, is shown in Figure 4 on page 12. The complete radio control state diagram is shown in Figure 13. The numbers refer to the state number readable in the MARCSTATE status register. This functionality is primarily for test purposes. 16.1 Power-On Start-Up Sequence When the power supply is turned on, the system must be reset. One of the following two PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 23 of 54 CC2550 sequences must be followed: Automatic power-on reset (POR) or manual reset. XOSC and voltage regulator switched on 40 us 16.1.1 Automatic POR A power-on reset circuit is included in the CC2550. The minimum requirements stated in Section 4.7 must be followed for the power-on reset to function properly. The internal powerup sequence is completed when CHIP_RDYn goes low. CHIP_RDYn is observed on the SO pin after CSn is pulled low. See Section 10.1 for more details on CHIP_RDYn. When the CC2550 reset is completed the chip will be in the IDLE state and the crystal oscillator running. If the chip has had sufficient time for the crystal oscillator and voltage regulator to stabilize after the power-on-reset, the SO pin will go low immediately after taking CSn low. If CSn is taken low before reset is completed the SO pin will first go high, indicating that the crystal oscillator and voltage regulator is not stabilized, before going low as shown in Figure 14. CSn SO XOSC and voltage regulator stabilized Figure 14: Power-on reset 16.1.2 Manual Reset CSn SO XOSC and voltage regulator stabilized SI SRES Figure 15: Power-on reset with SRES Note that the above reset procedure is only required just after the power supply is first turned on. If the user wants to reset the CC2550 after this, it is only necessary to issue an SRES command strobe. 16.2 Crystal Control The crystal oscillator is automatically turned on when CSn goes low. It will be turned off if the SXOFF or SPWD command strobes are issued; the state machine then goes to XOFF or SLEEP respectively. This can be done from any state. The XOSC will be turned off when CSn is released (goes high). The XOSC will be automatically turned on again when CSn goes low. The state machine will then go to the IDLE state. The SO pin on the SPI interface must be zero before the SPI interface is ready to be used; as described in Section 10.1 on page 15. The other global reset possibility on CC2550 is the SRES command strobe. By issuing this strobe, all internal registers and states are set to the default, IDLE state. The manual powerup sequence is as follows (see Figure 15): Crystal oscillator start-up time depends on crystal ESR and load capacitances. The electrical specification for the crystal oscillator can be found in Section 4.3 on page 6. • 16.3 Voltage Regulator Control Set SCLK=1 and SI=0, to avoid potential problems with pin control mode (see Section 11.2 on page 17). • Strobe CSn low / high. • Hold CSn high for at least 40 µs relative to pulling CSn low • Pull CSn low and wait for SO to go low (CHIP_RDYn). • Issue the SRES strobe on the SI line. • When SO goes low again, reset is complete and the chip is in the IDLE state. The voltage regulator to the digital core is controlled by the radio controller. When the chip enters the SLEEP state, which is the state with the lowest current consumption, the voltage regulator is disabled. This occurs after CSn is released when a SPWD command strobe has been sent on the SPI interface. The chip is now in the SLEEP state. Setting CSn low again will turn on the regulator and crystal oscillator and make the chip enter the IDLE state. All CC2550 register values (with the exception of the MCSM0.PO_TIMEOUT field) are lost in PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 24 of 54 CC2550 the SLEEP state. After the chip gets back to the IDLE state, the registers will have default (reset) contents and must be reprogrammed over the SPI interface. The SIDLE command strobe can always be used to force the radio controller to go to the IDLE state. 16.5 Timing 16.4 Active Mode The active transmit mode is activated by the MCU by using the STX command strobe. The frequency synthesizer must be calibrated regularly. CC2550 has one manual calibration option (using the SCAL strobe), and three automatic calibration options, controlled by the MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL setting: • Calibrate when going from IDLE to TX (or FSTXON) • Calibrate when going from TX to IDLE • Calibrate every fourth time when going from TX to IDLE The calibration takes a constant number of XOSC cycles (see Table 18 for timing details). When TX is active, the chip will remain in the TX state until the current packet has been successfully transmitted. Then the state will change as indicated by the MCSM1.TXOFF_MODE setting. The possible destinations are: 17 • IDLE • FSTXON: Frequency synthesizer on and ready at the TX frequency. Activate TX with STX. • TX: Start sending preambles The radio controller controls most timing in CC2550, such as synthesizer calibration and PLL lock. Timing from IDLE to TX is constant, dependent on the auto calibration setting. The calibration time is constant 18739 clock periods. Table 18 shows timing in crystal clock cycles for key state transitions. Power on time and XOSC start-up times are variable, but within the limits stated in Table 6. Note that in a frequency hopping spread spectrum or a multi-channel protocol the calibration time can be reduced from 721 µs to approximately 150 µs. This is explained in Section 26.2. Description XOSC periods 26 MHz crystal Idle to TX/FSTXON, no calibration 2298 88.4 µs Idle to TX/FSTXON, with calibration ~21037 809 µs TX to IDLE, no calibration 2 0.1 µs TX to IDLE, including calibration ~18739 721 µs Manual calibration ~18739 721 µs Table 18: State transition timing Data FIFO The CC2550 contains a 64 byte FIFO for data to be transmitted. The SPI interface is used for writing to the TX FIFO. Section 10.5 contains details on the SPI FIFO access. The FIFO controller will detect underflow in the TX FIFO. When writing to the TX FIFO it is the responsibility of the MCU to avoid TX FIFO overflow. A TX FIFO overflow will result in an error in the TX FIFO content. The chip status byte that is available on the SO pin while transferring the SPI address contains the fill grade of the TX FIFO. Section 10.1 on page 15 contains more details on this. The number of bytes in the TX FIFO can also be read from the TXBYTES.NUM_TXBYTES status register. The 4-bit FIFOTHR.FIFO_THR setting is used to program the FIFO threshold point. Table 19 lists the 16 FIFO_THR settings and the corresponding thresholds for the TX FIFO. A flag will assert when the number of bytes in the FIFO is equal to or higher than the programmed threshold. The flag is used to generate the FIFO status signals that can be viewed on the GDO pins (see Section 24 on page 30). PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 25 of 54 CC2550 Figure 17 shows the number of bytes in the TX FIFO when the threshold flag toggles, in the case of FIFO_THR=13. Figure 16 shows the flag as the FIFO is filled above the threshold, and then drained below. FIFO_THR Bytes in TX FIFO 0 (0000) 61 1 (0001) 57 2 (0010) 53 3 (0011) 49 4 (0100) 45 5 (0101) 41 6 (0110) 37 7 (0111) 33 8 (1000) 29 9 (1001) 25 10 (1010) 21 11 (1011) 17 12 (1100) 13 13 (1101) 9 14 (1110) 5 15 (1111) 1 NUM_TXBYTES 6 7 8 9 10 9 8 7 6 GDO Figure 16: FIFO_THR=13 vs. number of bytes in FIFO (GDOx_CFG=0x02) FIFO_THR=13 Underflow margin 8 bytes TXFIFO Figure 17: Example of FIFO at threshold Table 19: FIFO_THR settings and the corresponding FIFO thresholds 18 Frequency Programming The frequency programming in CC2550 is designed to minimize the programming needed in a channel-oriented system. To set up a system with channel numbers, the desired channel spacing is programmed with the MDMCFG0.CHANSPC_M and MDMCFG1.CHANSPC_E registers. The channel spacing registers are mantissa and exponent respectively. f carrier = ( The base or start frequency is set by the 24 bit frequency word located in the FREQ2, FREQ1 and FREQ0 registers. This word will typically be set to the centre of the lowest channel frequency that is to be used. The desired channel number is programmed with the 8-bit channel number register, CHANNR.CHAN, which is multiplied by the channel offset. The resultant carrier frequency is given by: ( f XOSC ⋅ FREQ + CHAN ⋅ (256 + CHANSPC _ M ) ⋅ 2 CHANSPC _ E −2 16 2 With a 26 MHz crystal the maximum channel spacing is 405 kHz. To get e.g. 1 MHz channel spacing one solution is to use 333 kHz )) channel spacing and select each third channel in CHANNR.CHAN. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 26 of 54 CC2550 If any frequency programming register is altered when the frequency synthesizer is running, the synthesizer may give an 19 VCO The VCO is completely integrated on-chip. 19.1 VCO and PLL Self-Calibration The VCO characteristics will vary with temperature and supply voltage changes, as well as the desired operating frequency. In order to ensure reliable operation, CC2550 includes frequency synthesizer self-calibration circuitry. This calibration should be done regularly, and must be performed after turning on power and before using a new frequency (or channel). The number of XOSC cycles for completing the PLL calibration is given in Table 18 on page 25. The calibration can be initiated automatically or manually. The synthesizer can be automatically calibrated each time the synthesizer is turned on, or each time the synthesizer is turned off. This is configured with the MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL register setting. 20 undesired response. Hence, the frequency programming should only be updated when the radio is in the IDLE state. In manual mode, the calibration is initiated when the SCAL command strobe is activated in the IDLE mode. The calibration values are not maintained in sleep mode. Therefore, the CC2550 must be recalibrated after reprogramming the configuration registers when the chip has been in the SLEEP state. To check that the PLL is in lock the user can program register IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG to 0x0A and use the lock detector output available on the GDOx pin as an interrupt for the MCU (x = 0,1 or 2). A positive transition on the GDOx pin means that the PLL is in lock. As an alternative the user can read register FSCAL1. The PLL is in lock if the register content is different from 0x3F. For more robust operation the source code could include a check so that the PLL is re-calibrated until PLL lock is achieved if the PLL does not lock the first time. Voltage Regulators CC2550 contains several on-chip linear voltage regulators, which generate the supply voltage needed by low-voltage modules. These voltage regulators are invisible to the user, and can be viewed as integral parts of the various modules. The user must however make sure that the absolute maximum ratings and required pin voltages in Table 1 and Table 11 are not exceeded. The voltage regulator for the digital core requires one external decoupling capacitor. If the chip is programmed to enter power-down mode, (SPWD strobe issued), the power will be turned off after CSn goes high. The power and crystal oscillator will be turned on again when CSn goes low. The voltage regulator output should only be used for driving the CC2550. Setting the CSn pin low turns on the voltage regulator to the digital core and starts the crystal oscillator. The SO pin on the SPI interface must go low before using the serial interface (setup time is given in Table 14). PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 27 of 54 CC2550 21 Output Power Programming The RF output power level from the device has two levels of programmability, as illustrated in Figure 18. Firstly, the special PATABLE register can hold up to eight user selected output power settings. Secondly, the 3-bit FREND0.PA_POWER value selects the PATABLE entry to use. This two-level functionality provides flexible PA power ramp up and ramp down at the start and end of transmission. All the PA power settings in the PATABLE from index 0 up to the FREND0.PA_POWER value are used. The power ramping at the start and at the end of a packet can be turned off by setting FREND0.PA_POWER to 0 and then programming the desired output power to index 0 in the PATABLE. Table 20 contains recommended PATABLE settings for various output levels and frequency bands. See Section 10.6 on page 16 for PATABLE programming details. PATABLE must be programmed in burst mode if you want to write to other entries than PATABLE[0]. PATABLE(7)[7:0] PATABLE(6)[7:0] The PA uses this setting. PATABLE(5)[7:0] PATABLE(4)[7:0] PATABLE(3)[7:0] PATABLE(2)[7:0] PATABLE(1)[7:0] Settings 0 to PA_POWER are used during ramp-up at start of transmission and ramp-down at end of transmission, and for OOK modulation. PATABLE(0)[7:0] Index into PATABLE(7:0) e.g 6 PA_POWER[2:0] in FREND0 register The SmartRF® Studio software should be used to obtain optimum PATABLE settings for various output powers. Figure 18: PA_POWER and PATABLE PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 28 of 54 CC2550 Output power, typical, o +25 C, 3.0 V [dBm] PATABLE value Current consumption, typical [mA] (–55 or less) 0x00 8.0 –30 0x44 9.3 –28 0x41 9.2 –26 0x43 9.7 –24 0x84 9.8 –22 0x82 9.7 –20 0x47 10.0 –18 0xC8 11.6 –16 0x85 10.2 –14 0x59 11.6 –12 0xC6 11.2 –10 0x97 12.0 –8 0xD6 12.9 –6 0x7F 14.7 –4 0xA9 16.2 –2 0xBF 18.1 0 0xEE 19.4 1 0xFF 21.3 Table 20: Optimum PATABLE settings for various output power levels 22 Crystal Oscillator A crystal in the frequency range 26-27 MHz must be connected between the XOSC_Q1 and XOSC_Q2 pins. The oscillator is designed for parallel mode operation of the crystal. In addition, loading capacitors (C51 and C71) for the crystal are required. The loading capacitor values depend on the total load capacitance, CL, specified for the crystal. The total load capacitance seen between the crystal terminals should equal CL for the crystal to oscillate at the specified frequency. CL = 1 1 1 + C 51 C 71 The crystal oscillator circuit is shown in Figure 19. Typical component values for different values of CL are given in Table 21. The crystal oscillator is amplitude regulated. This means that a high current is used to start up the oscillations. When the amplitude builds up, the current is reduced to what is necessary to maintain approximately 0.4 Vpp signal swing. This ensures a fast start-up, and keeps the drive level to a minimum. The ESR of the crystal should be within the specification in order to ensure a reliable start-up (see Section 4.3 on page 6). + C parasitic XOSC_Q1 The parasitic capacitance is constituted by pin input capacitance and PCB stray capacitance. Total parasitic capacitance is typically 2.5 pF. XOSC_Q2 XTAL C51 C71 Figure 19: Crystal oscillator circuit PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 29 of 54 CC2550 Component CL= 10pF CL=13pF CL=16pF C51 15 pF 22 pF 27 pF C71 15 pF 22 pF 27 pF Table 21: Crystal oscillator component values 22.1 Reference Signal The chip can alternatively be operated with a reference signal from 26 to 27 MHz instead of a crystal. This input clock can either be a fullswing digital signal (0 V to VDD) or a sine wave of maximum 1 V peak-peak amplitude. 23 The reference signal must be connected to the XOSC_Q1 input. The sine wave must be connected to XOSC_Q1 using a serial capacitor. The XOSC_Q2 line must be left unconnected. C51 and C71 can be omitted when using a reference signal External RF Match The balanced RF output of CC2550 is designed for a simple, low-cost matching and balun network on the printed circuit board. A few passive external components ensure proper matching. Although CC2550 has a balanced RF output, the chip can be connected to a single-ended antenna with few external low cost capacitors and inductors. differential impedance as seen from the RFport (RF_P and RF_N) towards the antenna: Zout = 80 + j74 Ω To ensure optimal matching of the CC2550 differential output it is highly recommended to follow the CC2550EM reference designs as closely as possible. Gerber files for the reference designs are available for download from the TI and Chipcon websites. The passive matching/filtering network connected to CC2550 should have the following 24 General Purpose / Test Output Control Pins The two digital output pins GDO0 and GDO1 are general control pins. Their functions are programmed by IOCFG0.GDO0_CFG and IOCFG1.GDO1_CFG respectively. Table 22 shows the different signals that can be monitored on the GDO pins. These signals can be used as an interrupt to the MCU. GDO1 is the same pin as the SO pin on the SPI interface, thus the output programmed on this pin will only be valid when CSn is high. The default value for GDO1 is 3-stated, which is useful when the SPI interface is shared with other devices. The default value for GDO0 is a 135-141 kHz clock output (XOSC frequency divided by 192). Since the XOSC is turned on at power-onreset, this can be used to clock the MCU in systems with only one crystal. When the MCU is up and running, it can change the clock frequency by writing to IOCFG0.GDO0_CFG. An on-chip analog temperature sensor is enabled by writing the value 128 (0x80h) to the IOCFG0.GDO0_CFG register. The voltage on the GDO0 pin is then proportional to temperature. See Section 4.5 on page 7 for temperature sensor specifications. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 30 of 54 CC2550 GDOx_CFG[5:0] 0 (0x00) 1 (0x01) 2 (0x02) 3 (0x03) 4 (0x04) 5 (0x05) 6 (0x06) 7 (0x07) 8 (0x08) 9 (0x09) 10 (0x0A) 11 (0x0B) 12 (0x0C) 13 (0x0D) 14 (0x0E) 15 (0x0F) 16 (0x10) 17 (0x11) 18 (0x12) 19 (0x13) 20 (0x14) 21 (0x15) 22 (0x16) 23 (0x17) 24 (0x18) 25 (0x19) 26 (0x1A) 27 (0x1B) 28 (0x1C) 29 (0x1D) 30 (0x1E) 31 (0x1F) 32 (0x20) 33 (0x21) 34 (0x22) 35 (0x23) 36 (0x24) 37 (0x25) 38 (0x26) 39 (0x27) 40 (0x28) 41 (0x29) 42 (0x2A) 43 (0x2B) 44 (0x2C) 45 (0x2D) 46 (0x2E) 47 (0x2F) 48 (0x30) 49 (0x31) 50 (0x32) 51 (0x33) 52 (0x34) 53 (0x35) 54 (0x36) 55 (0x37) 56 (0x38) 57 (0x39) 58 (0x3A) 59 (0x3B) 60 (0x3C) 61 (0x3D) 62 (0x3E) 63 (0x3F) Description Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Associated with the TX FIFO: Asserts when the TX FIFO is filled at or above TXFIFO_THR. De-asserts when the TX FIFO is below TXFIFO_THR. Associated to the TX FIFO: Asserts when TX FIFO is full. De-asserts when the TX FIFO is drained below TXFIFO_THR. Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Asserts when the TX FIFO has underflowed. De-asserts when the FIFO is flushed. Asserts when sync word has been sent, and de-asserts at the end of the packet. The pin will also de-assert if the TX FIFO underflows. Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Lock detector output. The PLL is in lock if the lock detector output has a positive transition or is constantly logic high. To check for PLL lock the lock detector output should be used as an interrupt for the MCU. Serial Clock. Synchronous to the data in synchronous serial mode. Data is set up on the falling edge and is read on the rising edge of SERIAL_CLK when GDOx_INV=0. Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. PA_PD. Note: PA_PD will have the same signal level in SLEEP and TX states. To control an external PA in applications where the SLEEP state is used it is recommended to use address 47 (0x2F). Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Reserved – defined on the transceiver version. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. Reserved – used for test. CHIP_RDY Reserved – used for test. XOSC_STABLE Reserved – used for test. GDO0_Z_EN_N. When this output is 0, GDO0 is configured as input (for serial TX data). High impedance (3-state) HW to 0 (HW1 achieved with _INV signal). Can be used to control an external PA CLK_XOSC/1 CLK_XOSC/1.5 CLK_XOSC/2 CLK_XOSC/3 CLK_XOSC/4 CLK_XOSC/6 CLK_XOSC/8 Note: There are 2 GDO pins, but only one CLK_XOSC/n can be selected as an output at any CLK_XOSC/12 time. If CLK_XOSC/n is to be monitored on one of the GDO pins, the other GDO pin must be CLK_XOSC/16 configured to a value less than 0x30. The GDO0 default value is CLK_XOSC/192. CLK_XOSC/24 CLK_XOSC/32 CLK_XOSC/48 CLK_XOSC/64 CLK_XOSC/96 CLK_XOSC/128 CLK_XOSC/192 Table 22: GDOx signal selection (x = 0 or 1) PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 31 of 54 CC2550 25 Asynchronous and Synchronous Serial Operation Several features and modes of operation have been included in the CC2550 to provide backward compatibility with previous Chipcon products and other existing RF communication systems. For new systems, it is recommended to use the built-in packet handling features, as they can give more robust communication, significantly offload the microcontroller and simplify software development. 25.1 Asynchronous operation For backward compatibility with systems already using the asynchronous data transfer from other Chipcon products, asynchronous transfer is also included in CC2550. When asynchronous transfer is enabled, several of the support mechanisms for the MCU that are included in CC2550 will be disabled, such as packet handling hardware, buffering in the FIFO and so on. The asynchronous transfer mode does not allow the use of the data whitener, interleaver and FEC. Only FSK, GFSK and OOK are supported for asynchronous transfer. Setting PKTCTRL0.PKT_FORMAT to 3 enables asynchronous transparent (serial) mode. In TX, the GDO0 pin is used for data input (TX data). The MCU must control start and stop of transmit with the STX and SIDLE strobes. The CC2550 modulator samples the level of the asynchronous input 8 times faster than the programmed data rate. The timing requirement for the asynchronous stream is that the error in the bit period must be less than one eighth of the programmed data rate. 25.2 Synchronous serial operation Setting PKTCTRL0.PKT_FORMAT to 1 enables synchronous serial operation mode. In this operational mode the data must be NRZ encoded (MDMCFG2.MANCHESTER_EN=0). In synchronous serial operation mode, data is transferred on a two wire serial interface. The CC2550 provides a clock that is used to set up new data on the data input line. Data input (TX data) is the GDO0 pin. This pin will automatically be configured as an input when TX is active. Preamble and sync word insertion may or may not be active, dependent on the sync mode set by the MDMCFG3.SYNC_MODE. If preamble and sync word is disabled, all other packet handler features and FEC should also be disabled. The MCU must then handle preamble and sync word insertion in software. If preamble and sync word insertion is left on, all packet handling features and FEC can be used. The CC2550 will insert the preamble and sync word and the MCU will only provide the data payload. This is equivalent to the recommended FIFO operation mode. 26 System considerations and Guidelines 26.1 SRD Regulations International regulations and national laws regulate the use of radio receivers and transmitters. Short Range Devices (SRDs) for license free operation are allowed to operate in the 2.45 GHz bands worldwide. The most important regulations are EN 300 440 and EN 300 328 (Europe), FCC CFR47 part 15.247 and 15.249 (USA), and ARIB STD-T66 (Japan). A summary of the most important aspects of these regulations can be found in Application Note AN032 SRD regulations for license-free transceiver operation in the 2.4 GHz band, available from the TI and Chipcon websites. Please note that compliance with regulations is dependent on complete system performance. It is the customer’s responsibility to ensure that the system complies with regulations. 26.2 Frequency Hopping Channel Systems and Multi- The 2.400 – 2.4835 GHz band is shared by many systems both in industrial, office and home environments. It is therefore recommended to use frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) or a multi-channel protocol because the frequency diversity makes the system more robust with respect to PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 32 of 54 CC2550 interference from other systems operating in the same frequency band. FHSS also combats multipath fading. CC2550 is highly suited for FHSS or multichannel systems due to its agile frequency synthesizer and effective communication interface. Using the packet handling support and data buffering is also beneficial in such systems as these features will significantly offload the host controller. Charge pump current, VCO current and VCO capacitance array calibration data is required for each frequency when implementing frequency hopping for CC2550. There are 3 ways of obtaining the calibration data from the chip: 1) Frequency hopping with calibration for each hop. The PLL calibration time is approximately 720 µs. 2) Fast frequency hopping without calibration for each hop can be done by calibrating each frequency at startup and saving the resulting FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values in MCU memory. Between each frequency hop, the calibration process can then be replaced by writing the FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values corresponding to the next RF frequency. The PLL turn on time is approximately 90 µs. 3) Run calibration on a single frequency at startup. Next write 0 to FSCAL3[5:4] to disable the charge pump calibration. After writing to FSCAL3[5:4] strobe SRX (or STX) with MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL = 1 for each new frequency hop. That is, VCO current and VCO capacitance calibration is done but not charge pump current calibration. When charge pump current calibration is disabled the calibration time is reduced from approximately 720 µs to approximately 150 µs. There is a trade off between blanking time and memory space needed for storing calibration data in non-volatile memory. Solution 2) above gives the shortest blanking interval, but requires more memory space to store calibration values. Solution 3) gives approximately 570 µs smaller blanking interval than solution 1). 26.3 Wideband Modulation Spread Spectrum not Using A maximum peak output power of 1 W (+30 dBm) is allowed if the 6 dB bandwidth of the modulated signal exceeds 500 kHz. In addition, the peak power spectral density conducted to the antenna shall not be greater than +8 dBm in any 3 kHz band. Operating at high data rates and high frequency separation, the CC2550 is suited for systems targeting compliance with digital modulation systems as defined by FCC part 15.247. An external power amplifier is needed to increase the output above +1 dBm. 26.4 Data Burst Transmissions The high maximum data rate of CC2550 opens up for burst transmissions. A low average data rate link (e.g. 10 kbps), can be realized using a higher over-the-air data rate. Buffering the data and transmitting in bursts at high data rate (e.g. 500 kbps) will reduce the time in active mode, and hence also reduce the average current consumption significantly. Reducing the time in active mode will reduce the likelihood of collisions with other 2.4 GHz systems, e.g. WLAN. 26.5 Continuous Transmissions In data streaming applications the CC2550 opens up for continuous transmissions at 500 kbps effective data rate. As the modulation is done with an I/Q up-converter with LO I/Qsignals coming from a closed loop PLL, there is no limitation in the length of a transmission. (Open loop modulation used in some transceivers often prevents this kind of continuous data streaming and reduces the effective data rate.) 26.6 Spectrum Efficient Modulation CC2500 also has the possibility to use Gaussian shaped FSK (GFSK). This spectrum-shaping feature improves adjacent channel power (ACP) and occupied bandwidth. In ‘true’ FSK systems with abrupt frequency shifting, the spectrum is inherently broad. By making the frequency shift ‘softer’, the spectrum can be made significantly narrower. Thus, higher data rates can be transmitted in the same bandwidth using GFSK. Digital modulation systems under FCC part 15.247 includes FSK and GFSK modulation. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 33 of 54 CC2550 26.7 Low Cost Systems 26.8 Battery Operated Systems As the CC2550 provides 500 kbps multichannel performance without any external filters, a very low cost system can be made. In low power applications, the SLEEP state should be used when the CC2550 is not active. A differential antenna will eliminate the need for a balun, and the DC biasing can be achieved in the antenna topology, see Figure 3. 26.9 Increasing Output Power A HC-49 type SMD crystal is used in the CC2550EM reference design. Note that the crystal package strongly influences the price. In a size constrained PCB design a smaller, but more expensive, crystal may be used. In some applications it may be necessary to extend the link range by adding an external power amplifier. The power amplifier should be inserted between the antenna and the balun as shown in Figure 20. Figure 20. Block diagram of CC2550 usage with external power amplifier 27 Configuration Registers The configuration of CC2550 is done by programming 8-bit registers. The configuration data based on selected system parameters are most easily found by using the SmartRF® Studio software. Complete descriptions of the registers are given in the following tables. After chip reset, all the registers have default values as shown in the tables. There are 9 Command Strobe Registers, listed in Table 23. Accessing these registers will initiate the change of an internal state or mode. There are 29 normal 8-bit Configuration Registers, listed in Table 24. Many of these registers are for test purposes only, and need not be written for normal operation of CC2550. There are also 6 Status registers, which are listed in Table 25. These registers, which are read-only, contain information about the status of CC2550. The TX FIFO is accessed through one 8-bit register. Only write operations are allowed to the TX FIFO. During the address transfer and while writing to a register or the TX FIFO, a status byte is returned. This status byte is described in Table 15 on page 15. Table 26 summarizes the SPI address space. Registers that are only defined on the CC2500 transceiver are also listed. CC2500 and CC2550 are register compatible, but registers and fields only implemented in the transceiver always contain 0 in CC2550. The address to use is given by adding the base address to the left and the burst and read/write bits on the top. Note that the burst bit has different meaning for base addresses above and below 0x2F. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 34 of 54 CC2550 Address Strobe Name Description 0x30 SRES Reset chip. 0x31 SFSTXON 0x32 SXOFF 0x33 SCAL 0x35 STX 0x36 SIDLE Exit TX and turn off frequency synthesizer. 0x39 SPWD Enter power down mode when CSn goes high. 0x3B SFTX Flush the TX FIFO buffer. 0x3D SNOP No operation. May be used to pad strobe commands to two bytes for simpler software. Enable and calibrate frequency synthesizer (if MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL=1). Turn off crystal oscillator. Calibrate frequency synthesizer and turn it off (enables quick start). SCAL can be strobed in IDLE state without setting manual calibration mode (MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL=0). Enable TX. Perform calibration first if MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL=1. Table 23: Command strobes PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 35 of 54 CC2550 Address Register Description Details on page number 0x01 IOCFG1 GDO1 output pin configuration 38 0x02 IOCFG0 GDO0 output pin configuration 38 0x03 FIFOTHR FIFO threshold 38 0x04 SYNC1 Sync word, high byte 39 0x05 SYNC0 Sync word, low byte 39 0x06 PKTLEN Packet length 39 0x08 PKTCTRL0 Packet automation control 39 0x0A CHANNR Channel number 40 0x0D FREQ2 Frequency control word, high byte 40 0x0E FREQ1 Frequency control word, middle byte 40 0x0F FREQ0 Frequency control word, low byte 40 0x10 MDMCFG4 Modulator configuration 40 0x11 MDMCFG3 Modulator configuration 41 0x12 MDMCFG2 Modulator configuration 41 0x13 MDMCFG1 Modulator configuration 42 0x14 MDMCFG0 Modulator configuration 42 0x15 DEVIATN Modulator deviation setting 43 0x17 MCSM1 Main Radio Control State Machine configuration 43 0x18 MCSM0 Main Radio Control State Machine configuration 44 0x22 FREND0 Front end TX configuration 44 0x23 FSCAL3 Frequency synthesizer calibration 45 0x24 FSCAL2 Frequency synthesizer calibration 45 0x25 FSCAL1 Frequency synthesizer calibration 45 0x26 FSCAL0 Frequency synthesizer calibration 45 0x29 FSTEST Frequency synthesizer calibration control 45 0x2A PTEST Production test 46 0x2C TEST2 Various test settings 46 0x2D TEST1 Various test settings 46 0x2E TEST0 Various test settings 46 Table 24: Configuration registers overview Address Register Description Details on page number 0x30 (0xF0) PARTNUM CC2550 part number 46 0x31 (0xF1) VERSION Current version number 46 0x35 (0xF5) MARCSTATE Control state machine state 47 0x38 (0xF8) PKTSTATUS Current GDOx status and packet status 47 0x39 (0xF9) VCO_VC_DAC Current setting from PLL calibration module 48 0x3A (0xFA) TXBYTES Underflow and number of bytes in the TX FIFO 48 Table 25: Status registers overview PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 36 of 54 CC2550 SRES SFSTXON SXOFF SCAL SRX STX SIDLE SAFC SWOR SPWD SFRX SFTX SWORRST SNOP PATABLE TX FIFO PATABLE TX FIFO SRES SFSTXON SXOFF SCAL SRX STX SIDLE SAFC SWOR SPWD SFRX SFTX SWORRST SNOP PATABLE RX FIFO PARTNUM VERSION FREQEST LQI RSSI MARCSTATE WORTIME1 WORTIME0 PKTSTATUS VCO_VC_DAC TXBYTES RXBYTES PATABLE RX FIFO R/W configuration registers, burst access possible 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x08 0x09 0x0A 0x0B 0x0C 0x0D 0x0E 0x0F 0x10 0x11 0x12 0x13 0x14 0x15 0x16 0x17 0x18 0x19 0x1A 0x1B 0x1C 0x1D 0x1E 0x1F 0x20 0x21 0x22 0x23 0x24 0x25 0x26 0x27 0x28 0x29 0x2A 0x2B 0x2C 0x2D 0x2E 0x2F 0x30 0x31 0x32 0x33 0x34 0x35 0x36 0x37 0x38 0x39 0x3A 0x3B 0x3C 0x3D 0x3E 0x3F Read Single byte Burst +0x80 +0xC0 IOCFG2 IOCFG1 IOCFG0 FIFOTHR SYNC1 SYNC0 PKTLEN PKTCTRL1 PKTCTRL0 ADDR CHANNR FSCTRL1 FSCTRL0 FREQ2 FREQ1 FREQ0 MDMCFG4 MDMCFG3 MDMCFG2 MDMCFG1 MDMCFG0 DEVIATN MCSM2 MCSM1 MCSM0 FOCCFG BSCFG AGCCTRL2 AGCCTRL1 AGCCTRL0 WOREVT1 WOREVT0 WORCTRL FREND1 FREND0 FSCAL3 FSCAL2 FSCAL1 FSCAL0 RCCTRL1 RCCTRL0 FSTEST PTEST AGCTEST TEST2 TEST1 TEST0 Burst +0x40 Command Strobes, Status registers (read only) and multi byte registers Write Single byte +0x00 Table 26: SPI address space (greyed text: for reference only; not implemented on CC2550 ) PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 37 of 54 CC2550 27.1 Configuration Register Details 0x01: IOCFG1 – GDO1 output pin configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 GDO_DS 0 R/W Set high (1) or low (0) output drive strength on the GDO pins. 6 GDO1_INV 0 R/W Invert output, i.e. select active low / high 5:0 GDO1_CFG[5:0] 46 (0x2E) R/W Default is 3-state (see Table 22 on page 31) 0x02: IOCFG0 – GDO0 output pin configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 TEMP_SENSOR_ENABLE 0 R/W Enable analog temperature sensor. Write 0 in all other register bits when using temperature sensor. 6 GDO0_INV 0 R/W Invert output, i.e. select active low / high 5:0 GDO0_CFG[5:0] 63 (0x3F) R/W Default is CLK_XOSC/192 (see Table 22 on page 31) 0x03: FIFOTHR – FIFO threshold Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:4 Reserved 0 (0000) R/W Write 0 (0000) for compatibility with possible future extensions. 3:0 FIFO_THR[3:0] 7 (0111) R/W Set the threshold for the TX FIFO. The threshold is exceeded when the number of bytes in the FIFO is equal to or higher than the threshold value. Setting Bytes in TX FIFO 0 (0000) 61 1 (0001) 57 2 (0010) 53 3 (0011) 49 4 (0100) 45 5 (0101) 41 6 (0110) 37 7 (0111) 33 8 (1000) 29 9 (1001) 25 10 (1010) 21 11 (1011) 17 12 (1100) 13 13 (1101) 9 14 (1110) 5 15 (1111) 1 PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 38 of 54 CC2550 0x04: SYNC1– Sync word, high byte Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 SYNC[15:8] 211 (0xD3) R/W 8 MSB of 16-bit sync word 0x05: SYNC0 – Sync word, low byte Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 SYNC[7:0] 145 (0x91) R/W 8 LSB of 16-bit sync word 0x06: PKTLEN – Packet length Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 PACKET_LENGTH 255 (0xFF) R/W Indicates the packet length when fixed length packets are enabled. 0x08: PKTCTRL0 – Packet automation control Bit Field Name 7 Reserved 6 WHITE_DATA Reset R/W Description R0 1 R/W Turn data whitening on / off 0: Whitening off 1: Whitening on Data whitening can only be used when PKTCTRL0.CC2400_EN = 0 (default). 5:4 3 PKT_FORMAT[1:0] CC2400_EN 0 (00) 0 R/W R/W Format of RX and TX data Setting Packet format 0 (00) Normal mode, use TX FIFO 1 (01) Serial Synchronous mode, used for backwards compatibility 2 (10) Random TX mode; sends random data using PN9 generator. Used for test. 3 (11) Asynchronous transparent mode. Data in on GDO0 and Data out on either of the GDO pins Enable CC2400 support. Use same CRC implementation as CC2400. PKTCTRL0.WHITE_DATA must be 0 if PKTCTRL0.CC2400_EN = 1. 2 CRC_EN 1 R/W 1: CRC calculation enabled 0: CRC disabled 1:0 LENGTH_CONFIG[1:0] 1 (01) R/W Configure the packet length Setting Packet length configuration 0 (00) Fixed length packets, length configured in PKTLEN register 1 (01) Variable length packets, packet length configured by the first byte after sync word 2 (10) Enable infinite length packets 3 (11) Reserved PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 39 of 54 CC2550 0x0A: CHANNR – Channel number Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 CHAN[7:0] 0 (0x00) R/W The 8-bit unsigned channel number, which is multiplied by the channel spacing setting and added to the base frequency. 0x0D: FREQ2 – Frequency control word, high byte Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 FREQ[23:22] 1 (01) R FREQ[23:22] is always binary 01 (the FREQ2 register is in the range 85 to 95 with 26 - 27 MHz crystal) 5:0 FREQ[21:16] 30 (0x1E) R/W FREQ[23:0] is the base frequency for the frequency synthesiser in 16 increments of FXOSC/2 . f carrier = f XOSC ⋅ FREQ [23 : 0] 216 The default frequency word gives a base frequency of 2464 MHz, assuming a 26.0 MHz crystal. With the default channel spacing settings, the following FREQ2 values and channel numbers can be used: FREQ2 Base frequency Frequency range (CHAN numbers) 91 (0x5B) 2386 MHz 2400.2-2437 MHz (71-255) 92 (0x5C) 2412 MHz 2412-2463 MHz (0-255) 93 (0x5D) 2438 MHz 2431-2483.4 MHz (0-227) 94 (0x5E) 2464 MHz 2464-2483.4 MHz (0-97) 0x0E: FREQ1 – Frequency control word, middle byte Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 FREQ[15:8] 196 (0xC4) R/W Ref. FREQ2 register 0x0F: FREQ0 – Frequency control word, low byte Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 FREQ[7:0] 236 (0xEC) R/W Ref. FREQ2 register 0x10: MDMCFG4 – Modulator configuration Bit Field Name 7:4 Reserved 3:0 DRATE_E[3:0] Reset 12 (1100) R/W Description R0 Defined on the transceiver version R/W The exponent of the user specified symbol rate PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 40 of 54 CC2550 0x11: MDMCFG3 – Modulator configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 DRATE_M[7:0] 34 (0x22) R/W The mantissa of the user specified symbol rate. The symbol rate is configured using an unsigned, floating-point number th with 9-bit mantissa and 4-bit exponent. The 9 bit is a hidden ‘1’. The resulting data rate is: RDATA = (256 + DRATE _ M ) ⋅ 2 DRATE _ E ⋅ f 2 28 XOSC The default values give a data rate of 115.051 kbps (closest setting to 115.2 kbps), assuming a 26.0 MHz crystal. 0x12: MDMCFG2 – Modulator configuration Bit Field Name 7 Reserved 6:4 MOD_FORMAT[2:0] Reset R/W Description R0 1 (001) R/W The modulation format of the radio signal Setting 3 MANCHESTER_EN 0 R/W Modulation format 0 (000) FSK 1 (001) GFSK 2 (010) - 3 (011) OOK 4 (100) - 5 (101) - 6 (110) - 7 (111) MSK Enables Manchester encoding/decoding 0 = Disable 1 = Enable 2:0 SYNC_MODE[2:0] 2 (010) R/W Combined sync-word qualifier mode. The values 0 (000) and 4 (100) disables preamble and sync word transmission. The values 1 (001), 2 (001), 5 (101) and 6 (110) enables 16-bit sync word transmission. The values 3 (011) and 7 (111) enables repeated sync word transmission. The table below lists the meaning of each mode (for compatibility with the CC2500 transceiver): Setting Sync-word qualifier mode 0 (000) No preamble/sync word 1 (001) 15/16 sync word bits detected 2 (010) 16/16 sync word bits detected 3 (011) 30/32 sync word bits detected 4 (100) No preamble/sync, carrier-sense above threshold 5 (101) 15/16 + carrier-sense above threshold 6 (110) 16/16 + carrier-sense above threshold 7 (111) 30/32 + carrier-sense above threshold PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 41 of 54 CC2550 0x13: MDMCFG1 – Modulator configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 FEC_EN 0 R/W Enable Forward Error Correction (FEC) with interleaving for packet payload 0 = Disable 1 = Enable 6:4 NUM_PREAMBLE[2:0] 3:2 Reserved 1:0 CHANSPC_E[1:0] 2 (010) R/W Sets the minimum number of preamble bytes to be transmitted Setting Number of preamble bytes 0 (000) 2 1 (001) 3 2 (010) 4 3 (011) 6 4 (100) 8 5 (101) 12 6 (110) 16 7 (111) 24 R0 2 (10) R/W 2 bit exponent of channel spacing 0x14: MDMCFG0 – Modulator configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 CHANSPC_M[7:0] 248 (0xF8) R/W 8-bit mantissa of channel spacing (initial 1 assumed). The channel spacing is multiplied by the channel number CHAN and added to the base frequency. It is unsigned and has the format: ∆f CHANNEL = f XOSC ⋅ (256 + CHANSPC _ M ) ⋅ 2 CHANSPC _ E ⋅ CHAN 218 The default values give 199.951 kHz channel spacing (the closest setting to 200 kHz), assuming 26.0 MHz crystal frequency. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 42 of 54 CC2550 0x15: DEVIATN – Modulator deviation setting Bit Field Name 7 Reserved 6:4 DEVIATION_E[2:0] 3 Reserved 2:0 DEVIATION_M[2:0] Reset R/W Description R0 4 (100) R/W Deviation exponent R0 7 (111) R/W When MSK modulation is enabled: Sets fraction of symbol period used for phase change. When FSK modulation is enabled: Deviation mantissa, interpreted as a 4-bit value with MSB implicit 1. The resulting FSK deviation is given by: f dev = f xosc ⋅ (8 + DEVIATION _ M ) ⋅ 2 DEVIATION _ E 17 2 The default values give ±47.607 kHz deviation, assuming 26.0 MHz crystal frequency. 0x17: MCSM1 – Main Radio Control State Machine configuration Bit Field Name Reset 7:6 Reserved R0 5:2 Reserved R0 Defined on the transceiver version 1:0 TXOFF_MODE[1:0] R/W Select what should happen when a packet has been sent (TX) 0 (00) R/W Description Setting Next state after finishing packet transmission 0 (00) IDLE 1 (01) FSTXON 2 (10) Stay in TX (start sending preamble) 3 (11) Do not use, not implemented on CC2550 (Go to RX) PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 43 of 54 CC2550 0x18: MCSM0 – Main Radio Control State Machine configuration Bit Field Name 7:6 Reserved 5:4 FS_AUTOCAL[1:0] 3:2 PO_TIMEOUT Reset R/W Description R0 0 (00) 2 (10) R/W R/W Automatically calibrate when going to TX or back to IDLE Setting When to perform automatic calibration 0 (00) Never (manually calibrate using SCAL strobe) 1 (01) When going from IDLE to TX (or FSTXON) 2 (10) When going from TX back to IDLE 3 (11) Every 4 time when going from TX to IDLE th Programs the number of times the six-bit ripple counter must expire after XOSC has stabilized before CHP_RDYn goes low. The XOSC is off during power-down so the regulated digital supply voltage has time to stabilize while waiting for the crystal to be stable even with PO_TIMEOUT to 0. Setting Expire count Timeout after XOSC start 0 (00) 1 Approx. 2.3 – 2.4 µs 1 (01) 16 Approx. 37 – 39 µs 2 (10) 64 Approx. 149 – 155 µs 3 (11) 256 Approx. 597 – 620 µs Exact timeout depends on crystal frequency. In order to reduce start up time from the SLEEP state, this field is preserved in powerdown (SLEEP state). 1:0 Reserved R0 Defined on the transceiver version 0x22: FREND0 – Front end TX configuration Bit Field Name Reset 7:6 Reserved 5:4 LODIV_BUF_CURRENT_TX[1:0] 3 Reserved 2:0 PA_POWER[2:0] R/W Description R0 1 (01) R/W Adjusts current TX LO buffer (input to PA). The value to use in this field is given by the SmartRF® Studio software. R0 0 (000) R/W Selects PA power setting. This value is an index to the PATABLE, which can be programmed with up to 8 different PA settings. The PATABLE settings from index ‘0’ to the PA_POWER value are used for power ramp-up/ramp-down at the start/end of transmission in all TX modulation formats. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 44 of 54 CC2550 0x23: FSCAL3 – Frequency synthesizer calibration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 FSCAL3[7:6] 2 (10) R/W Frequency synthesizer calibration configuration. The value to write in this register before calibration is given by the SmartRF® Studio software. 5:4 CHP_CURR_CAL_EN[1:0] 2 (10) R/W Disable charge pump calibration stage when 0 3:0 FSCAL3[3:0] 9 (1001) R/W Frequency synthesizer calibration result register. Fast frequency hopping without calibration for each hop can be done by calibrating upfront for each frequency and saving the resulting FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values. Between each frequency hop, calibration can be replaced by writing the FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values corresponding to the next RF frequency. 0x24: FSCAL2 – Frequency synthesizer calibration Bit Field Name 7:6 Reserved 5:0 FSCAL2[5:0] Reset R/W Description R0 10 (0x0A) R/W Frequency synthesizer calibration result register. Fast frequency hopping without calibration for each hop can be done by calibrating upfront for each frequency and saving the resulting FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values. Between each frequency hop, calibration can be replaced by writing the FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values corresponding to the next RF frequency. 0x25: FSCAL1 – Frequency synthesizer calibration Bit Field Name 7:6 Reserved 5:0 FSCAL1[5:0] Reset R/W Description R0 32 (0x20) R/W Frequency synthesizer calibration result register. Fast frequency hopping without calibration for each hop can be done by calibrating upfront for each frequency and saving the resulting FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values. Between each frequency hop, calibration can be replaced by writing the FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values corresponding to the next RF frequency. 0x26: FSCAL0 – Frequency synthesizer calibration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 Reserved 6:5 Reserved 0 (00) R0 Defined on the transceiver version 4:0 FSCAL0[4:0] 13 (0x0D) R/W Frequency synthesizer calibration control. The value to use in register field is given by the SmartRF® Studio software. R0 0x29: FSTEST – Frequency synthesizer calibration control Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 FSTEST[7:0] 87 (0x57) R/W For test only. Do not write to this register. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 45 of 54 CC2550 0x2A: PTEST – Production test Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 PTEST[7:0] 127 (0x7F) R/W Writing 0xBF to this register makes the on-chip temperature sensor available in the IDLE state. The default 0x7F value should then be written back before leaving the IDLE state. Other use of this register is for test only. 0x2C: TEST2 – Various test settings Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 TEST2[7:0] 152 (0x98) R/W The value to use in this register is given by the SmartRF® Studio software. 0x2D: TEST1 – Various test settings Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 TEST1[7:0] 49 (0x31) R/W The value to use in this register is given by the SmartRF® Studio software. 0x2E: TEST0 – Various test settings Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 TEST0[7:0] 11 (0x0B) R/W The value to use in this register is given by the SmartRF® Studio software. 27.2 Status register details 0x30 (0xF0): PARTNUM – Chip ID Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 PARTNUM[7:0] 130 (0x82) R Chip part number 0x31 (0xF1): VERSION – Chip ID Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 VERSION[7:0] 2 (0x02) R Chip version number. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 46 of 54 CC2550 0x35 (0xF5): MARCSTATE – Main Radio Control State Machine state Bit Field Name Reset R/W 7:5 Reserved R0 4:0 MARC_STATE[4:0] R Description Main Radio Control FSM State Value State name State (Figure 13, page 23) 0 (0x00) SLEEP SLEEP 1 (0x01) IDLE IDLE 2 (0x02) XOFF XOFF 3 (0x03) VCOON_MC MANCAL 4 (0x04) REGON_MC MANCAL 5 (0x05) MANCAL MANCAL 6 (0x06) VCOON FS_WAKEUP 7 (0x07) REGON FS_WAKEUP 8 (0x08) STARTCAL CALIBRATE 9 (0x09) BWBOOST SETTLING 10 (0x0A) FS_LOCK SETTLING 11 (0x0B) IFADCON SETTLING 12 (0x0C) ENDCAL CALIBRATE 13 (0x0D) NA NA 14 (0x0E) NA NA 15 (0x0F) NA NA 16 (0x10) NA NA 17 (0x11) NA NA 18 (0x12) FSTXON FSTXON 19 (0x13) TX TX 20 (0x14) TX_END TX 21 (0x15) NA NA 22 (0x16) TX_UNDERFLOW TX_UNDERFLOW 0x38 (0xF8): PKTSTATUS – Current GDOx status Bit Field Name 7:2 Reset R/W Description Reserved R0 Defined on the transceiver version 1 Reserved R0 0 GDO0 R Current GDO0 value. Note: the reading gives the noninverted value irrespective what IOCFG0.GDO0_INV is programmed to. It is not recommended to check for PLL lock by reading PKTSTATUS[0] with GDO0_CFG = 0x0A. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 47 of 54 CC2550 0x39 (0xF9): VCO_VC_DAC – Current setting from PLL calibration module Bit Field Name Reset 7:0 VCO_VC_DAC[7:0] R/W Description R Status register for test only. 0x3A (0xFA): TXBYTES – Underflow and number of bytes Bit Field Name Reset R/W 7 TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW R 6:0 NUM_TXBYTES R Description Number of bytes in TX FIFO PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 48 of 54 CC2550 28 Package Description (QLP 16) All dimensions are in millimetres, angles in degrees. NOTE: The CC2550 is available in RoHS lead-free package only. Figure 21: Package dimensions drawing (the actual package has 16 pins) Package type QLP 16 (4x4) A A1 A2 D D1 Min 0.75 0.005 0.55 3.90 3.65 Typ. 0.85 0.025 0.65 4.00 3.75 Max 0.95 0.045 0.75 4.10 3.85 D2 E E1 3.90 3.65 2.30 4.00 3.75 4.10 3.85 E2 2.30 L T b 0.45 0.190 0.23 0.55 0.65 0.28 0.245 e 0.65 0.35 Table 27: Package dimensions PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 49 of 54 CC2550 28.1 Recommended PCB layout for package (QLP 16) Figure 22: Recommended PCB layout for QLP 16 package Note: The figure is an illustration only and not to scale. There are five 10 mil diameter via holes distributed symmetrically in the ground pad under the package. See also the CC2550EM reference design. 28.2 Package thermal properties Thermal resistance Air velocity [m/s] Rth,j-a [K/W] 0 40.1 Table 28: Thermal properties of QLP 16 package 28.3 Soldering information The recommendations for lead-free reflow in IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C should be followed. PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 50 of 54 CC2550 28.4 Tray specification CC2550 can be delivered in standard QLP 4x4 mm shipping trays. Tray Specification Package Tray Width Tray Height Tray Length Units per Tray QLP 16 125.9 mm 7.62 mm 322.6 mm 490 Table 29: Tray specification 28.5 Carrier tape and reel specification Carrier tape and reel is in accordance with EIA Specification 481. Tape and Reel Specification Package Tape Width Component Pitch Hole Pitch Reel Diameter Units per Reel QLP 16 12 mm 8 mm 4 mm 13 inches 2500 Table 30: Carrier tape and reel specification 29 Ordering Information Chipcon Part Number TI Part Number Description Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) CC2550-RTY1 CC2550RTK CC2550 QLP16 RoHS Pb-free 490/tray 490 (tray) CC2550-RTR1 CC2550RTKR CC2550 QLP16 RoHS Pb-free 2500/T&R 2500 (tape and reel) CC2500-CC2550DK CC2500-CC2550DK CC2500_CC2550 Development Kit 1 CC2550EMK CC2550EMK CC2500 Evaluation Module Kit 1 Table 31: Ordering information 30 General Information 30.1 Document History Revision Date Description/Changes 1.2 2006-06-28 Added figures to table on SPI interface timing requirements. Added information about SPI read. Updates to text and included new figure in section on arbitrary length configuration. Added information that RF frequencies at n/2·crystal frequency (n is an integer number) should not be used due to spurious signals at these frequencies . Updates to text and included new figures in section on power-on start-up sequence. Added information about how to check for PLL lock in section on VCO. Better explanation of some of the signals in table of GDO signal selection. Added section on wideband modulation not using spread spectrum under section on system considerations and guidelines. Added more detailed information on PO_TIMEOUT in register MCSM0. Changes to ordering information. 1.1 2005-06-27 Updated TEST1 register default value. 26-27 MHz crystal range. Added matching information. Added information about using a reference signal instead of a crystal. 1.0 2005-01-24 First preliminary data sheet release. Table 32: Document history PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 51 of 54 CC2550 30.2 Product Status Definitions Data Sheet Identification Product Status Definition Advance Information Planned or Under Development This data sheet contains the design specifications for product development. Specifications may change in any manner without notice. Preliminary Engineering Samples and Pre-Production Prototypes This data sheet contains preliminary data, and supplementary data will be published at a later date. Chipcon reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. The product is not yet fully qualified at this point. No Identification Noted Full Production This data sheet contains the final specifications. Chipcon reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. Obsolete Not In Production This data sheet contains specifications on a product that has been discontinued by Chipcon. The data sheet is printed for reference information only. Table 33: Product status definitions PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 52 of 54 CC2550 31 Address Information Texas Instruments Norway AS Gaustadalléen 21 N-0349 Oslo NORWAY Tel: +47 22 95 85 44 Fax: +47 22 95 85 46 Web site: http://www.ti.com/lpw 32 TI Worldwide Technical Support Internet TI Semiconductor Product Information Center Home Page: TI Semiconductor KnowledgeBase Home Page: support.ti.com support.ti.com/sc/knowledgebase Product Information Centers Americas Phone: Fax: Internet/Email: +1(972) 644-5580 +1(972) 927-6377 support.ti.com/sc/pic/americas.htm Europe, Middle East and Africa Phone: Belgium (English) +32 (0) 27 45 54 32 Finland (English) +358 (0) 9 25173948 France +33 (0) 1 30 70 11 64 Germany +49 (0) 8161 80 33 11 Israel (English) 180 949 0107 Italy 800 79 11 37 Netherlands (English) +31 (0) 546 87 95 45 Russia +7 (4) 95 98 10 701 Spain +34 902 35 40 28 Sweden (English) +46 (0) 8587 555 22 United Kingdom +44 (0) 1604 66 33 99 Fax: +49 (0) 8161 80 2045 Internet: support.ti.com/sc/pic/euro.htm Japan Fax Internet/Email International Domestic International Domestic +81-3-3344-5317 0120-81-0036 support.ti.com/sc/pic/japan.htm www.tij.co.jp/pic PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 53 of 54 CC2550 Asia Phone Fax Email Internet International Domestic Australia China Hong Kong India Indonesia Korea Malaysia New Zealand Philippines Singapore Taiwan Thailand +886-2-23786800 Toll-Free Number 1-800-999-084 800-820-8682 800-96-5941 +91-80-51381665 (Toll) 001-803-8861-1006 080-551-2804 1-800-80-3973 0800-446-934 1-800-765-7404 800-886-1028 0800-006800 001-800-886-0010 +886-2-2378-6808 [email protected] or [email protected] support.ti.com/sc/pic/asia.htm PRELIMINARY Data Sheet (Rev.1.2) SWRS039A Page 54 of 54 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. 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