HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH Typical Applications Features The HMC1044LP3E is ideal for wideband transceiver harmonic filtering applications including: Programmable Bandwidth: 1 to 3 GHz •Filtering LO Harmonics to Reduce Modulator Sideband Rejection & Demodulator Image Rejection •Amplifier Harmonic Filtering Compatible with Narrowband & Wideband: • PLLs with Integrated VCOs • Modulators • Demodulators • RF Filtering LO Harmonic Rejection: ~20 dB Improves Modulator/Demodulator Sideband/Image Rejection Performance: 20 dB Typical Single-Ended or Differential Options Footprint up to 90% Smaller than Current Discrete Fixed Bandwidth Solutions 16 Lead 3x3 mm SMT Package Functional Diagram General Description The HMC1044LP3E is a programmable bandwidth LPF (Low Pass Filter) targeted at all applications that use quadrature modulators and/or demodulators. The HMC1044LP3E filters out LO harmonics and ensures little or no LO contribution to modulator sideband rejection or demodulator image rejection performance. Although targeted at LO filtering applications, the HMC1044LP3E can be used to filter all RF harmonics such as the ones generated by amplifiers. The HMC1044LP3E offers a choice of 16 programmable bands, optimized for high and low cellular bands ranging from 1 to 3 GHz, making the HMC1044LP3E a truly wideband part compatible with wideband PLLs with Integrated VCOs and wideband quadrature modulators and demodulators. It enables wideband multi-standard, multi-carrier designs that are field configurable on-the-fly for each individual application. The HMC1044LP3E is packaged in a compact 3x3 mm QFN leadless package. 9-1 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH Electrical Specifications, TA = +25 °C, V3 = 3.3 V (3 V to 3.5 V) Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Passband[1] 250 3060 MHz ƒcutoff[2] Tuning Range (3 dB Loss) 1025 3060 MHz Passband Flatness 2.5 dB Passband Insertion Loss 3 5 Return Loss 10 dB dB Input/Output Impedance 50 Ω Input IP3 (inband) 43 dBm Differential Passband[1] 250 ƒcutoff[2] 970 Tuning Range (3 dB Loss) Passband Flatness 3400 MHz 3400 MHz 2.5 Passband Insertion Loss 3 dB 5 dB Return Loss 10 Input/Output Impedance 100 dB Ω Input IP3 (inband) 43 dBm Supplies DC Supply 3 Supply Current 3.3 3.5 1 V uA Digital Inputs Digital Input Low Level (VIL) Digital Input High Level (VIH) 0.4 1.5 V V [1] Minimum frequency is limited by external DC blocking capacitor. Displayed value corresponds to default evaluation board configuration of 100 pF. [2] ƒcutoff defined as the point at which the insertion loss is 3 dB below the passband insertion loss @ 500 MHz. For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT Single-Ended 2 HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH Typical Performance Characteristics Figure 2. Differential Insertion Loss [1] 0 0 High Bands High Bands -5 -5 Band 8 INSERTION LOSS (dB) INSERTION LOSS (dB) Band 8 -10 -15 Band 0 -20 -25 Low Bands -30 -10 -15 Band 0 -20 -25 Low Bands Band 15 -30 Band 15 Band 7 -35 Band 7 -35 -40 -40 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 FREQUENCY (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 Figure 3. Single-Ended Insertion Loss Over Supply Voltage [1] 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 FREQUENCY (MHz) 0 Band 7 8000 9000 -20 -30 Band 8 Band 15 Band 15, 3 V, 3.3 V & 3.5 V INSERTION LOSS (dB) INSERTION LOSS (dB) Band 8, 3 V, 3.3 V & 3.5 V -10 7000 Figure 4. Single-Ended Insertion Loss Over Temperature [1] 0 -10 -20 Band 0 -30 Band 0, 3 V, 3.3 V & 3.5 V 25 C -40 -40 85 C -40 C Band 7, 3 V, 3.3 V & 3.5 V -50 -50 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 FREQUENCY (MHz) 7000 8000 0 9000 0 -5 -5 RETURN LOSS (dB) 0 -10 -15 -20 Band0 Band7 Band8 Band15 -25 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 FREQUENCY (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 Figure 6. Differential Return Loss [1] Figure 5. Single-Ended Return Loss [1] RETURN LOSS (dB) PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT Figure 1. Single-Ended Insertion Loss [1] -10 -15 -20 Band0 Band7 Band8 Band15 -25 -30 -30 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 FREQUENCY (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 FREQUENCY (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 [1] Low frequency performance limited by external DC blocking capacitors at RF input and output. 3 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH Figure 8. Single-Ended Return Loss vs. Temperature[1] Figure 7. Single-Ended Return Loss vs. V3[1] 0 0 Band 15, 3 V,3.3 V & 3.5 V -15 Band 8, 3 V, 3.3 V & 3.5 V -20 RETURN LOSS (dB) -10 -10 -15 Band 15 Band 8 -20 25 C 85 C -40 C -25 -25 Band 7, 3 V, 3.3 V & 3.5 V -30 -30 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 FREQUENCY (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 FREQUENCY (MHz) 7000 8000 9000 Figure 9. Single-Ended Filter Group Delay[1] 0.8 Band 0 0.7 GROUP DELAY (ns) Band 8 Band 7 Band 15 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 FREQUENCY (MHz) PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT -5 -5 RETURN LOSS (dB) Band 7 Band 0 Band 0, 3 V, 3.3 V & 3.5 V [1] Low frequency performance limited by external DC blocking capacitors at RF input and output. For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] 4 HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH HMC1044LP3E Frequency Bands PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT HMC1044LP3E Band Setting 5 Typical 3 dB Cutoff Frequency Relative to 500 MHz Single-Ended Differential 0 1025 970 1 1050 1000 2 1075 1030 3 1105 1055 4 1130 1085 5 1160 1120 6 1195 1155 7 1225 1195 8 2230 2335 9 2300 2430 10 2380 2530 11 2465 2655 12 2550 2770 13 2675 2940 14 2805 3145 15 3060 3400 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH Reliability Information Maximum Junction Temperature 125 °C V3 -0.3 to +3.6 V Operating Temperature -40 to +85 °C RF Power Input 18 dBm ESD Rating (HBM) Class 2 Digital Input Voltage Range -0.3 to +3.6 V Thermal Resistance 90 °C/W Storage Temperature -65 to +150 °C Parameter Rating Reflow Soldering Peak Temperature 260 °C Time at Peak Temperature 40 sec ELECTROSTATIC SENSITIVE DEVICE OBSERVE HANDLING PRECAUTIONS Outline Drawing NOTES: [1] PACKAGE BODY MATERIAL: LOW STRESS INJECTION MOLDED PLASTIC SILICA AND SILICON IMPREGNATED. [2] LEAD AND GROUND PADDLE MATERIAL: COPPER ALLOY. [3] LEAD AND GROUND PADDLE PLATING: 100% MATTE TIN. PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT Absolute Maximum Ratings [4] DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES [MILLIMETERS]. [5] LEAD SPACING TOLERANCE IS NON-CUMULATIVE. [6] PAD BURR LENGTH SHALL BE 0.15 mm MAX. PAD BURR HEIGHT SHALL BE 0.05 mm MAX. [7] PACKAGE WARP SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.05 mm [8] ALL GROUND LEADS AND GROUND PADDLE MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB RF GROUND. [9] REFER TO HITTITE APPLICATION NOTE FOR SUGGESTED PCB LAND PATTERN. Package Information Part Number Package Body Material Lead Finish HMC1044LP3E RoHS-compliant Low Stress Injection Molded Plastic 100% matte Sn MSL Rating MSL1 [2] Package Marking [1] 1044 XXXX [1] 4-Digit lot number XXXX [2] Max peak reflow temperature of 260 °C For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] 6 HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH Pin Descriptions PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT Pin Number 7 Function Description 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12 GND These pins and exposed paddle must be connected to RF/DC ground. 2 OUT_N 3 OUT_P 10 IN_P 11 IN_N 13 SEN Serial Port Enable (CMOS) Logic Input 14 SCK Serial Port Clock (CMOS) Logic Input 15 SDI Serial Port Data (CMOS) Logic Input 16 V3 DC Power Supply Interface Schematic This pin is DC coupled and matched to 50 Ohms. External voltage must not be applied to this pin. [1] This pin is DC coupled and matched to 50 Ohms. External voltage must not be applied to this pin. [1] This pin is DC coupled and matched to 50 Ohms. External voltage must not be applied to this pin. [1] This pin is DC coupled and matched to 50 Ohms. External voltage must not be applied to this pin. [1] [1] Although the pins are DC coupled they require external AC coupling for proper operation. Please refer to Evaluation PCB Schematic for more information. For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH The circuit board used in the application should use RF circuit design techniques. Signal lines should have 50 Ohms impedance while the package ground leads and exposed paddle should be connected directly to the ground plane similar to that shown. A sufficient number of via holes should be used to connect the top and bottom ground planes. The evaluation circuit board shown is available from Hittite upon request. PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT Evaluation PCB Evaluation Order Information Item Contents Part Number Evaluation PCB Only HMC1044LP3E Evaluation PCB EVAL01-HMC1044LP3E Evaluation Kit HMC1044LP3E Evaluation PCB USB Interface Board 6’ USB A Male to USB B Female Cable CD ROM (Contains User Manual, Evaluation PCB Schematic, Evaluation Software) EKIT01-HMC1044LP3E For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] 8 HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH Evaluation PCB Schematic 9 1 REVISIONS REV ECN# ZONE 1 QC111299 ----- ENGINEERINGRELEASE CP120371 ---- PRODUCTIONRELEASE A DESCRIPTION NAME DATE D. ACEVAL 20/10/2011 D. ACEVAL 03/05/2012 3.3V R1 SSW-106-01-T-D B SCK SD1 3.3V TP2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 C3 J4 0.001UF C5 10UF B 12 4 SEN 13 SCK 14 SPI GND U1 0.001UF GND OUT_N IN_N OUT_P IN_P GND GND GND J2 12 C1 11 10 C2 9 J3 A 0.001UF 8 GND 2 SDI 15 V3 16 C4 1 5 GND 0.001UF 0 0.1UF 7 GND C6 3.3V R2 0 10 J1 C7 6 GND 1K J5 GND 1 11 10UF A SEN FB1 3.3V NOTICEOF PROPRIETARYPROPERTY: THISDOCUMENT ANDTHEINFORMATIONCONTAINEDINIT ARETHEPROPRIETARYPROPERTY OF HITTITEMICROWAVECORPORATION. IT MAYNOT BECOPIEDINANYMANNERNORMAYANYOF THEINFORMATIONINORUPONIT BEUSED FORANYPURPOSEWITHOUT THEEXPRESSEDWRITTENCONSENT OF ANAUTHORIZEDAGENT OF HITTITEMICROWAVECORPORATION. PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT 2 HMC1044LP3E HITTITEMICROWAVECORPORATION TP1 20 Alpha Rd Chelmsford, MA01824 TITLE SCH, CUSTOMEREVALUATION PROJECT DRAWING#: HMC1044LP3E DRAWNBY 2 130-00329-00 D. ACEVAL 1 DATE SHEET SHEET 1 OF 1 CODEIDNO. 01/01/2010 SIZE 1CN88 REV A A 15-03-2012_13:47 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH The HMC1044LP3E is an ideal LO harmonic filter for wideband applications featuring quadrature modulators and/or demodulators. The HMC1044LP3E’s 16 user programmable bands enable the user to optimally attenuate 2nd and/ or 3rd LO harmonics in order to maximize quadrature modulator/demodulator sideband/image rejection performance. Typical diagrams with the HMC1044LP3E are shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11. Figure 10. Typical HMC1044LP3E transmitter application Figure 11. Typical HMC1044LP3E receiver application Background, LO Harmonics and Modulator/Demodulator Sideband/Image Rejection Most wideband quadrature modulators/demodulators in the market use some form of a filter to create the required in-phase and quadrature LO components at the fundamental frequency of the LO (1xLO). Others, less common modulators/demodulators accept LO input at 2xLO frequency and are not based upon filters. The 1xLO types are particularly sensitive to LO 3rd harmonic levels, while the 2xLO types are more sensitive to 2nd harmonic levels. PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT HMC1044LP3E Application Information Harmonics are normally present in all VCOs and especially in RFICs with integrated VCOs. High LO harmonic content causes amplitude and phase mismatches, and ultimately performance degradation in modulator sideband rejection and demodulator image rejection, as shown in Figure 12. For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] 10 HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH hmc701 Sweeper Plot 11:18:12 AM 3/19/2012 MODULATOR SIDEBAND REJECTION (dBc) PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT 0 -10 Targeted minimum LO harmonic level -20 Targeted maximum modulator sideband rejection -30 -40 3rd LO Harmonic -50 -60 2nd LO Harmonic -70 -80 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 LO HARMONIC LEVEL (dBc) Figure 12. Typical impact of 2nd and 3rd LO harmonic on modulator sideband rejection.[1] Figure 12 shows a typical modulator with 1xLO input, where both the 2nd and 3rd LO harmonics affect the modulator sideband rejection performance at levels > -20 dBc relative to the LO signal power. It also shows that the 3rd LO harmonic has greater impact on modulator sideband rejection performance than the 2nd, and that there is little effect of the 2nd LO harmonic on modulator sideband rejection once the 2nd LO harmonic is below -20 dBc levels, relative to the LO signal level. The HMC1044LP3E is designed to ensure that the 2nd and the 3rd LO harmonics are below -20 dBc relative to the LO signal level across the entire operating range of Hittite’s wideband PLLs with integrated VCOs. Thereby ensuring little or no LO contribution is added to modulator/demodulator sideband/image rejection performance degradation. Using the HMC1044LP3E Modulator/demodulator sideband/image rejection performance is specific to each individual modulator/demodulator, and depends on a number of other variables including: type (1xLO or 2xLO input), balance (amplitude and phase matching), signal path matching and interface to other components, board layout, input signal bandwidth, and LO harmonics. Figure 12 shows that typically the LO harmonics stop being a dominant contributor to modulator/demodulator sideband/image rejection performance degradation once they are below approximately -20 dBc relative to the LO signal level. However, the exact level at which harmonics cease being the dominant contributor to sideband/image rejection performance depends on each individual modulator/demodulator and each individual design. Hence, the optimal band selection of the HMC1044LP3E may be different for different designs. Figure 13 shows optimal 3rd harmonic attenuation achieved with the HMC1044LP3E without optimizing the 2nd harmonic, when the HMC830LP6GE PLL with Integrated VCO is used as an LO to drive the HMC697LP4E quadrature modulator. The corresponding HMC1044LP3E band selections are shown in Figure 14. [1] Measured with HMC697LP4E direct modulator at 2 GHz, with LO input power = 0 dBm, 1xLO type. 11 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH 16 0 Unfiltered -10 -30 Targeted Harmonic Levels -40 8 6 4 Filtered -50 -60 500 10 2 0 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 LO FREQUENCY (MHz) LO FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 13. Maximum HMC1044LP3E attenuation of 3rd harmonic of the LO[2] Figure 14. HMC1044LP3E band selection corresponding to Figure 13 Observing the results shown in Figure 13 in the context of targeted performance in Figure 12; It is apparent that the HMC1044LP3E attenuates both the 3rd and the 2nd LO harmonics to well below the targeted maximum LO harmonic level shown in Figure 12, ensuring that the targeted modulator sideband rejection performance is achieved. Figure 15 shows the optimal 2nd harmonic attenuation achieved with the HMC1044LP3E, when the HMC830LP6GE PLL with Integrated VCO is used as an LO to drive the HMC697LP4E quadrature modulator. The corresponding HMC1044LP3E band selection is shown in Figure 16. 20 0 Unfiltered 3rd LO Harmonic 2nd LO Harmonic 15 -20 Targeted Harmonic Levels -30 -40 -50 -60 500 SELECTED BAND HARMONIC LEVEL (dBc) -10 10 5 0 Filtered -5 1000 1500 2000 2500 LO FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 15. Maximum HMC1044LP3E attenuation of 2nd harmonic of the LO [2] 3000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 LO FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 16. HMC1044LP3E band selection corresponding to Figure 15 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT 12 -20 SELECTED BAND HARMONIC LEVEL (dBc) 14 3rd LO Harmonic 2nd LO Harmonic Observing the results shown in Figure 15 in the context of the targeted performance in Figure 12; it is apparent that the HMC1044LP3E attenuates both the 3rd and the 2nd LO harmonics to well below the targeted maximum LO harmonic level shown in Figure 12, ensuring that the targeted modulator sideband rejection performance shown in Figure 12 is achieved. Using the relationship between sideband/image rejection vs. LO harmonic distortion in Figure 12 as a reference, it can be observed that both approaches (maximizing 2nd harmonic attenuation in Figure 13, and maximizing 3rd harmonic attenuation in Figure 14) achieve sideband/image rejection performance improvement, and effectively remove any LO contribution to sideband/image rejection performance degradation. However, Figure 12 suggests that, when using a 1xLO type modulator, more emphasis should be placed on attenuating the 3rd harmonic than the second because the 2nd harmonic ceases to be a contributor at levels ~<-20 dBc, while the 3rd harmonic continues contributing to sideband/image rejection, albeit at a smaller rate for the particular design characterized in Figure 12. [2] Measured with HMC830LP6GE as an LO and HMC697LP4E modulator. The HMC830LP6GE was used in single-ended output configuration. For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] 12 HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 Figure 17 shows the maximum sideband rejection achieved without calibrating the modulator, both with and without the HMC1044LP3E. It is generated by selecting the HMC1044LP3E band that achieves maximum uncalibrated sideband rejection for each particular frequency accross a very wide bandwidth. The corresponding HMC1044LP3E band settings are shown in Figure 18. 20 -10 -20 15 Without HMC1044LP3E SELECTED BAND UNCALIBRATED SIDEBAND REJECTION (dBc) PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH -30 -40 With HMC1044LP3E 10 5 0 -50 Targeted Image/Sideband Rejection Performance -60 500 -5 1000 1500 2000 LO FREQUENCY (MHz) 2500 3000 Figure 17. Optimal uncalibrated modulator sideband rejection with and and without HMC1044LP3E, single-ended LO configuration[3] 500 1000 1500 2000 LO FREQUENCY (MHz) 2500 3000 Figure 18. HMC1044LP3E band selection corresponding to Figure 17 Results shown in Figure 17 confirm that the HMC1044LP3E improves modulator sideband rejection ~20 dB across the wideband operation of the modulator and PLL with integrated VCO. Sideband rejection performance improvements less than ~20 dB occur at those frequencies where the LO harmonics are not a dominant contributor to sideband rejection, ie. where sideband rejection performance is already good. The corresponding HMC1044LP3E band selections shown in Figure 18 are closer to those shown in Figure 14, than those from Figure 16. This confirms the data shown in Figure 12, and the postulation that the 3rd LO harmonic is a greater contributor to modulator sideband rejection degradation than the 2nd for 1xLO type modulators/demodulators. Another variable that should be considered is the insertion loss of the HMC1044LP3E which can vary ~2.5 dB across the pass band of the selected band setting as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. The selected HMC1044LP3E band that results in optimal sideband/image rejection performance also depends on the LO input power at the modulator/ demodulator, which is specific to each individual design. It depends on the output power of the PLL with integrated VCO (that is used as an LO) at each frequency, insertion loss of the HMC1044LP3E at the selected band setting, LO frequency, and the required modulator/demodulator LO input power. The harmonic attenuation and sideband rejection graphs in this section were generated by maintaining the minimum LO input power into the HMC697LP4E at ≥ -3 dBm across all frequencies, which falls well into the required LO input power specification in the HMC697LP4E data sheet of greater than -6 dBm and less than 6 dBm. For applications that require a flat output power response, over a wide bandwidth, it should be noted that it is possible to build a low harmonic source with flat output power over a wideband using a leveling loop based upon the HMC830LP6GE wideband PLL with integrated VCO, the HMC1044LP3E variable LPF, and the HMC993LP5E AGC. [3] Measured with HMC830LP6GE as an LO and HMC697LP4E modulator. The HMC830LP6GE was used in single-ended output configuration. 13 For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH Serial Port Interface (SPI) Serial Port WRITE Operation Main SPI Timing Characteristics V3 = 3.3 V (3 V to 3.5 V), GND = 0V Parameter Conditions Min t1 SDI to SCK Setup Time 8 Typ Max Units nsec t2 SDI to SCK Hold Time 8 nsec t3 SCK High Duration 10 nsec t4 SCK Low Duration 10 nsec t5 SEN Low Duration 20 nsec t6 SEN High Duration 20 nsec t7 SCK to SEN [a] 8 nsec a. SEN must rise after the 16th falling edge of SCK but before the next rising SCK edge. If SCK is shared amongst several devices this timing must be respected. A typical write cycle is shown in Figure 19. 1. The Master asserts SEN (active low Serial Port Enable) followed by a rising edge of SCK. 2. The HMC1044LP3E reads SDI (the MSB) on the 1st rising edge of SCK after SEN active low. 3. The HMC1044LP3E registers the data bits in the next 8 rising edges of SCK (for a total of 9 data bits). 4. The host places 4 register address bits on the next 4 falling edges of SCK (MSB to LSB) while the HMC1044LP3E reads the address bits on the corresponding rising edge of SCK. 5. The host places 3 chip address bits on the next 3 falling edges of SCK (MSB to LSB). Note the HMC1044LP3E chip address is fixed as ‘6d’ or ‘110’b. PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT The HMC1044LP3E SPI has only write and no read capability. It features a three wire serial port for simple communication with the host controller. The HMC1044LP3E has a 3-bit chip address which is fixed as 6b. Figure 19. Serial port write timing diagram For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] 14 HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH Register Map PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT Reg 01h - Autotune 15 Bit [15:0] Name Autotune Width Default 4 15 Description Band setting 0 - lowest band 15 - highest band For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] HMC1044LP3E v00.0312 PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC LOW PASS FILTER 1 - 3 GHz 3 dB BANDWIDTH PROGRAMMABLE HARMONIC FILTERS - SMT NOTES: For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: [email protected] 16