User’s Guide NHD-0416B1Z-FSPG-YBW-L3V LCM (Liquid Crystal Display Module) RoHS Compliant NHD- Newhaven Display 0416- 4 Lines x 16 Characters Version Line B1ZTransflective FSPG- Side Pure Green LED B/L STN-Yellow/Green Y6:00 View BWide Temperature (-20 ~ +70c) WL3V- Low Power (20mA) 3 .3 volts For product support, contact Newhaven Display International 2511 Technology Drive, #101 Elgin, IL 60124 Tel: (847) 844-8795 Fax: (847) 844-8796 F ebruary 29, 2008 NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY Version 00 DATE NOV-05-2005 DESCRIPTION CHANGED BY First issue CONTENTS Item Page Functions & Features Mechanical specifications Dimensional Outline Absolute maximum ratings Block diagram Pin description Contrast adjust Optical characteristics Electrical characteristics Timing Characteristics Instruction description Display character address code: character pattern Quality Specifications 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7-8 9-12 12 13 14--21 2 NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display 1.Features 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 5x8 dots with cursor Built-in controller (KS0066U or equivalent) +3.3V power supply 1/16 duty cycle;1/5bias BKL to be driven by pin1, pin2, or pin15, pin16 or A, K 16characters *4lines display LCD type FSTN positive FSTN Negative ;STN Yellow Green STN Gray View direction ;6 O’clock 12 O’clock Rear Polarizer Reflective ;Transflective Backlight Type ;LED EL Internal Power CCFL ;External Power Backlight Color White Amber Blue-Green Temperature Range Normal ;Wide DC to DC circuit Build-in ;Not Build-in El Driver IC Build-in ;Not Build-in Touch screen With ;Without ;English-Japanese English-European English-Russian Font type STN-Blue Transmissive 4.2V input ;5.0 input ;Pure-Green Super Wide other 2. MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS Module size Viewing area Character size Character pitch Weight 87.0mm(L)*60.0mm(W)* Max14.0(H)mm 61.8mm(L)*25.2mm(W) 2.95mm(L)*4.75mm(W) 3.55mm(L)*5.35mm(W) Approx. 3 6SHFLILFDWLRQ 'ULYLQJ'XW\%LDV9/&'99''9 9LHZLQJ'LUHFWLRQ2¶FORFN 'LVSOD\PRGH671<*3RVLWLYH7UDQVIOHFWLYH 2SHUDWLQJWHPSFaF 6WRUDJHWHPSFaF 'ULYHU6$RU67RU63/&' %DFNOLJKW3*(GJH%DFNOLJKW3.29ZLWKVHULDOUHVLVWRU 2XWOLQHGLPHQVLRQ :LWKHGJH%./ :LWKPDWUL[%./ 7 *1' 9'' 9 56 5: ( '% '% '% '% '% '% '% '% $ . 1HZKDYHQ'LVSOD\ /21*7(&+237,&6 7 3,1$66,*10(17 :2%./ 7+,1.1(66 6&$ /( '276'(7$,/ /&1+'%=)63*<%:/9 0%)63*<%: %DFN )URQW 4. Absolute maximum ratings Item Power voltage Input voltage Operating temperature range Storage temperature range Symbol VDD-VSS VIN VOP VST 0 VSS -20 -30 Standard - Unit 7.0 VDD +70 +80 V ഒ 5. Block diagram 6.Interface pin description Pin no. Symbol External connection 1 2 3 4 5 6 VSS VDD V0 Power supply RS R/W E MPU MPU MPU 7~10 DB0~DB3 MPU 11~14 DB4~DB7 MPU 15 16 LED+ LED- LED BKL power supply Function Signal ground for LCM (GND) Power supply for logic (+3.3V) for LCM Contrast adjust Register select signal Read/write select signal Operation (data read/write) enable signal Four low order bi-directional three-state data bus lines. Used for data transfer between the MPU and the LCM. These four are not used during 4-bit operation. Four high order bi-directional three-state data bus lines. Used for data transfer between the MPU Power supply for BKL (+5.0V) Power supply for BKL (GND) NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display 7. Contrast adjust VDD~V0: LCD Driving voltage VR: 10k~20k 8. Optical characteristics TN type display module (Ta=25ഒ, VDD=3.3V) Item Viewing angle Symbol Condition ˥ Crุ4 ˓ Cr Tr Tr Contrast ratio Response time (rise) Response time (fall) - Min. -25 Typ. - Max. - -30 - 2 120 120 30 150 150 Min. -60 Typ. - Max. 35 -40 6 150 150 40 250 250 Unit deg ms STN type display module (Ta=25ഒ, VDD=3.3V) Item Viewing angle Symbol Condition ˥ Crุ2 ˓ Cr Tr Tr Contrast ratio Response time (rise) Response time (fall) - - Unit deg ms 9. Electrical characteristics DC characteristics Parameter Supply voltage for LCD Symbol VDD-V0 Input voltage Supply current VDD IDD Input leakage current “H” level input voltage “L” level input voltage “H” level output voltage “L” level output voltage Backlight supply voltage Backlight supply current ILKG VIH VIL VOH VOL VF Conditions Ta =25ഒ Min. Typ. Max. Unit - 3.2 - V 3.2 Ta=25ഒ, VDD=3.3V - Twice initial value or less LOH=-0.25mA LOH=1.6mA 2.2 0 2.4 -- ILED 6 1.5 3.2 20 3.4 3.0 1.0 VDD 0.6 0.4 ----- mA uA V mA NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display 10. Timing Characteristics Write cycle (Ta=25ഒ, VDD=3.V) Parameter Symbol Enable cycle time tc Enable pulse width tw Enable rise/fall time tr, tf RS; R/W setup time tsu1 RS; R/W address hold time Read data output delay Read data hold time Test pin Typ. Max. Unit 500 300 100 - 25 - ns 10 - - 60 10 - - E RS; R/W RS; R/W th1 tsu2 th2 Min. DB0~DB7 Write mode timing diagram VIH1 VIL1 th1 tsu1 VIL1 VIL1 tw th1 VIH1 VIH1 VIL1 tf VIL1 tr tsu2 th2 VIH1 VIL1 VALID DATA tc 7 VIL1 VIH1 VIL1 NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display Read cycle (Ta=25ഒ, VDD=3.3V) Parameter Symbol Enable cycle time tc Enable pulse width tw Enable rise/fall time tr, tf RS; R/W setup time tsu RS; R/W address hold time Read data output delay Read data hold time Read mode timing diagram Test pin E RS; R/W RS; R/W th td tdh DB0~DB7 Min. Typ. Max. Unit 500 300 100 - 25 - ns 10 - - 60 20 - 90 - VIH1 VIL1 th tsu VIL1 VIL1 th tw tf VIH1 VIH1 VIL1 VIL1 VIL1 tr tdh td VIH1 VIL1 VALID DATA tc 8 VIH1 VIL1 NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display 11. Instruction description 11.1Outline To overcome the speed difference between the internal clock of KS0066U and the MPU clock, KS0066U performs internal operations by storing control in formations to IR or DR. The internal operation is determined according to the signal from MPU, composed of read/write and data bus (Refer to Table7). Instructions can be divided largely into four groups: 1) KS0066U function set instructions (set display methods, set data length, etc.) 2) Address set instructions to internal RAM 3) Data transfer instructions with internal RAM 4) Others The address of the internal RAM is automatically increased or decreased by 1. Note: during internal operation, busy flag (DB7) is read “High”. Busy flag check must be preceded by the next instruction. 11.2 Instruction Table Instruction code Instruction RS DB R/W DB7 DB6 5 DB DB4 DB3 DB2 1 DB0 Clear Display 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Return Home 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 - Entry mode Set 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I/D SH Display ON/ OFF control 0 0 0 0 Cursor or Display shift 0 0 0 0 Function set 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Set CGRAM Address Set DDRAM Address Read busy Flag and Address Write data to Address Read data Execution time (fosc= 270 KHZ Description Write “20H” to DDRA and set DDRAM address to “00H” from AC Set DDRAM address to “00H” From AC and return cursor to Its original position if shifted. The contents of DDRAM are not changed. Assign cursor moving direction And blinking of entire display Set display (D), cursor (C), and Blinking of cursor (B) on/off Control bit. Set cursor moving and display Shift control bit, and the 0 1 S/C R/L Direction, without changing of DDRAM data. Set interface data length (DL: 8Bit/4-bit), numbers of display 1 DL N F Line (N: =2-line/1-line) and, Display font type (F: 5x11/5x8) Set CGRAM address in AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0 address Counter. 0 0 1 D C Set DDRAM address 0 1 BF 1 0 D7 Whether during internal Operation or not can be known AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0 By reading BF. The contents of Address counter can also be read. Write data into internal RAM D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 (DDRAM/CGRAM). 1 1 D7 D6 D3 9 D2 D1 39us D0 39us 39us 39us in Counter. D4 1.53ms B AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0 address D5 1.53ms Read data from internal RAM 39us 0us 43us 43us NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display (DDRAM/CGRAM). From RAM NOTE: When an MPU program with checking the busy flag (DB7) is made, it must be necessary 1/2fosc is necessary for executing the next instruction by the falling edge of the “E” signal after the busy flag (DB7) goes to “Low”. 11.3Contents 1) Clear display RS R/W 0 0 DB7 0 DB6 0 DB5 0 DB4 0 DB3 0 DB2 0 DB1 0 DB0 1 Clear all the display data by writing “20H” (space code) to all DDRAM address, and set DDRAM address to “00H” into AC (address counter). Return cursor to the original status, namely, bring the cursor to the left edge on the fist line of the display. Make the entry mode increment (I/D=“High”). 2) Return home RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Return home is cursor return home instruction. Set DDRAM address to “00H” into the address counter. Return cursor to its original site and return display to its original status, if shifted. Contents of DDRAM does not change. 3) Entry mode set RS R/W 0 0 DB7 0 DB6 0 DB5 0 DB4 0 DB3 0 DB2 1 DB1 1 DB0 - DB1 I/D DB0 SH Set the moving direction of cursor and display. I/D: increment / decrement of DDRAM address (cursor or blink) When I/D=“high”, cursor/blink moves to right and DDRAM address is increased by 1. When I/D=“Low”, cursor/blink moves to left and DDRAM address is increased by 1. *CGRAM operates the same way as DDRAM, when reading from or writing to CGRAM. SH: shift of entire display When DDRAM read (CGRAM read/write) operation or SH=“Low”, shifting of entire display is not performed. If SH =“High” and DDRAM write operation, shift of entire display is performed according to I/D value. (I/D=“high”. shift left, I/D=“Low”. Shift right). 4) Display ON/OFF control RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 0 0 0 0 0 Control display/cursor/blink ON/OFF 1 bit register. DB4 0 DB3 1 DB2 D DB1 C DB0 B D: Display ON/OFF control bit When D=“High”, entire display is turned on. When D=“Low”, display is turned off, but display data remains in DDRAM. C: cursor ON/OFF control bit When D=“High”, cursor is turned on. When D=“Low”, cursor is disappeared in current display, but I/D register preserves its data. B: Cursor blink ON/OFF control bit When B=“High”, cursor blink is on, which performs alternately between all the “High” data and display characters at the cursor position. When B=“Low”, blink is off. 5) Cursor or display shift 10 NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 0 0 0 0 0 1 S/C R/L Shifting of right/left cursor position or display without writing or reading of display data. This instruction is used to correct or search display data. During 2-line mode display, cursor moves to the 2nd line after the 40th digit of the 1st line. Note that display shift is performed simultaneously in all the lines. When display data is shifted repeatedly, each line is shifted individually. When display shift is performed, the contents of the address counter are not changed. DB0 - Shift patterns according to S/C and R/L bits S/C 0 0 1 1 6) R/L 0 1 0 1 Function set RS R/W 0 0 Operation Shift cursor to the left, AC is decreased by 1 Shift cursor to the right, AC is increased by 1 Shift all the display to the left, cursor moves according to the display Shift all the display to the right, cursor moves according to the display DB7 0 DB6 0 DB5 1 DB4 DL DB3 N DB2 F DB1 - DB0 - DL: Interface data length control bit When DL=“High”, it means 8-bit bus mode with MPU. When DL=“Low”, it means 4-bit bus mode with MPU. Hence, DL is a signal to select 8-bit or 4-bit bus mode. When 4-bit bus mode, it needs to transfer 4-bit data twice. N: Display line number control bit When N=“Low”, 1-line display mode is set. When N=“High”, 2-line display mode is set. F: Display line number control bit When F=“Low”, 5x8 dots format display mode is set. When F=“High”, 5x11 dots format display mode. 7) Set CGRAM address RS R/W DB7 0 0 0 DB6 1 DB5 AC5 DB4 AC4 DB3 AC3 DB2 AC2 DB1 AC1 DB0 AC0 DB4 AC4 DB3 AC3 DB2 AC2 DB1 AC1 DB0 AC0 Set CGRAM address to AC. The instruction makes CGRAM data available from MPU. 8) Set DDRAM address RS R/W DB7 0 0 1 DB6 AC6 DB5 AC5 Set DDRAM address to AC. This instruction makes DDRAM data available form MPU. When 1-line display mode (N=LOW), DDRAM address is form “00H” to “4FH”.In 2-line display mode (N=High), DDRAM address in the 1st line form “00H” to “27H”, and DDRAM address in the 2nd line is from “40H” to “67H”. 9) Read busy flag & address RS R/W DB7 0 1 BF DB6 AC6 DB5 AC5 DB4 AC4 DB3 AC3 DB2 AC2 DB1 AC1 DB0 AC0 This instruction shows whether KS0066U is in internal operation or not. If the resultant BF is “High”, internal operation is in progress and should wait BF is to be LOW, which by then the nest instruction can be performed. In this instruction you can also read the value of the address counter. 11 NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display 10) Write data to RAM RS R/W DB7 1 0 D7 DB6 D6 DB5 D5 DB4 D4 DB3 D3 DB2 D2 DB1 D1 DB0 D0 Write binary 8-bit data to DDRAM/CGRAM. The selection of RAM from DDRAM, and CGRAM, is set by the previous address set instruction (DDRAM address set, CGRAM address set). RAM set instruction can also determine the AC direction to RAM. After write operation. The address is automatically increased/decreased by 1, according to the entry mode. 11) Read data from RAM RS R/W DB7 1 1 D7 DB6 D6 DB5 D5 DB4 D4 DB3 D3 DB2 D2 DB1 D1 DB0 D0 Read binary 8-bit data from DDRAM/CGRAM. The selection of RAM is set by the previous address set instruction. If the address set instruction of RAM is not performed before this instruction, the data that has been read first is invalid, as the direction of AC is not yet determined. If RAM data is read several times without RAM address instructions set before, read operation, the correct RAM data can be obtained from the second. But the first data would be incorrect, as there is no time margin to transfer RAM data. In case of DDRAM read operation, cursor shift instruction plays the same role as DDRAM address set instruction, it also transfers RAM data to output data register. After read operation, address counter is automatically increased/decreased by 1 according to the entry mode. After CGRAM read operation, display shift may not be executed correctly. NOTE: In case of RAM write operation, AC is increased/decreased by 1 as in read operation. At this time, AC indicates next address position, but only the previous data can be read by the read instruction. 12. Display character address code: 1 00 40 10 50 2 01 41 11 51 3 02 42 12 52 4 03 43 13 53 5 04 44 14 54 6 05 45 15 55 7 06 46 16 56 12 8 07 47 17 57 9 08 48 18 58 10 09 49 19 59 11 0A 4A 1A 5A 12 0B 4B 1B 5B 13 0C 4C 1C 5C 14 0D 4D 1D 5D 15 0E 4E 1E 5E 16 0F 4F 1F 5F NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display 13. Standard character pattern 13 NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display 14. QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS 14.1 Standard of the product appearance test Manner of appearance test: The inspection should be performed in using 20W x 2 fluorescent lamps. Distance between LCM and fluorescent lamps should be 100 cm or more. Distance between LCM and inspector eyes should be 30 cm or more. Viewing direction for inspection is 45° from vertical against LCM. Fluorescent Lamps 30cm min o 45 LCM 100cm min o 45 LCD Definition of zone: A Zone B Zone A Zone: Active display area (minimum viewing area). B Zone: Non-active display area (outside viewing area). 14 NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display 14.2 Specification of quality assurance AQL inspection standard Sampling method: MIL-STD-105E, Level II, single sampling Defect classification (Note: * is not including) Classify Major Display state Item Note AQL Short or open circuit 1 0.65 LC leakage Flickering No display Wrong viewing direction Contrast defect (dim, ghost) Back-light Non-display Minor 2 1,8 Flat cable or pin reverse 10 Wrong or missing component 11 Display Background color deviation 2 state Black spot and dust 3 Line defect, Scratch 4 Rainbow 5 Chip 6 Pin hole 7 Polarizer Protruded 12 Bubble and foreign material 3 Soldering Poor connection 9 Wire Poor connection 10 TAB Position, Bonding strength 13 15 1.0 NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display Note on defect classification No. 1 Item Criterion Short or open circuit Not allow LC leakage Flickering No display Wrong viewing direction Wrong Back-light 2 Contrast defect Background deviation 3 Refer to approval sample color Point defect, Black spot, dust (including Polarizer) Point Size I0.10 Y X I = (X+Y)/2 0.10Iื0.20 Disregard 3 0.20Iื0.25 2 0.25Iื0.30 1 Unit᧶mm 0 I>0.30 4 Line defect, W Scratch Line L --- L Acceptable Qty. Acceptable Qty. W 0.015ุW Disregard 3.0ุL 0.03ุW 2.0ุL 0.05ุW 1.0ุL 0.1᧺W 1 --- 0.05W Applied as point defect 2 Unit: mm 5 Rainbow Not more than two color changes across the viewing area. 16 NHD-0416B1Z No 6 Newhaven Display Item Criterion Chip Acceptable criterion X Remark: X: Length direction X Y t Z ื2 Y 0.5mm Z ืW/2 Y: Short direction Z: Thickness direction X t: Glass thickness Acceptable criterion Y X Y 0.5mm ื2 W: Terminal Width Z ืW Z Acceptable criterion X Y Z ื3 ื2 shall not reach to ITO Y ืW X Acceptable criterion W Y Z X Disregard Y Z ื0.2 ืW X Acceptable criterion X Y Y ื X 17 Z ื Z ืt/3 NHD-0416B1Z No. 7 Newhaven Display Item Segment pattern W = Segment width I = (X+Y)/2 Criterion (1) Pin hole I < 0.10mm is acceptable. X X Point Size IืW Y Y W Acceptable Qty Disregard W IืW 1 I᧺W 0 U i 8 Back-light 9 Soldering (1) The color of specification. backlight should correspond (2) Not allow flickering (1) Not allow heavy dirty and solder ball on PCB. (The size of dirty refer to point and dust defect) (2) Over 50% of lead should be soldered on Land. Lead Land 50% lead 10 Wire (1) Copper wire should not be rusted (2) Not allow crack on copper wire connection. (3) Not allow reversing the position of the flat cable. (4) Not allow exposed copper wire inside the flat cable. 11* PCB (1) Not allow screw rust or damage. (2) Not allow missing or wrong putting of component. 18 its NHD-0416B1Z No 12 Newhaven Display Item Criterion Protruded W: Terminal Width Acceptable criteria: W Y d 0.4 Y X 13 TAB 1. Position W W1 H W1ื1/3W H1ื1/3H H1 2 ITO TAB TAB bonding strength test F TAB P (=F/TAB bonding width) ุ650gf/cm ,(speed rate: 1mm/min) 5pcs per SOA (shipment) 14 Total no. of acceptable A. Zone Defect Maximum 2 minor non-conformities per one unit. Defect distance: each point to be separated over 10mm B. Zone It is acceptable when it is no trouble for quality and assembly in customer’s end product. 19 NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display 14.3 Reliability of LCM Reliability test condition: Item Condition Time (hrs) High temp. Storage 80qC 48 High temp. Operating 70qC 48 Low temp. Storage -30qC 48 Low temp. Operating -20qC 48 Humidity 40qC/ 90%RH 48 Temp. Cycle 0qC m 25qC o50qC 10cycles Assessment No abnormalities in functions and appearance (30 min m 5 min o 30min) Recovery time should be 24 hours minimum. Moreover, functions, performance and appearance shall be free from remarkable deterioration within 50,000 hours under ordinary operating and storage conditions room temperature (20+8qC), normal humidity (below 65% RH), and in the area not exposed to direct sun light. 14.4 Precaution for using LCD/LCM LCD/LCM is assembled and adjusted with a high degree of precision. Do not attempt to make any alteration or modification. The followings should be noted. General Precautions: 1. LCD panel is made of glass. Avoid excessive mechanical shock or applying strong pressure onto the surface of display area. 2. The polarizer used on the display surface is easily scratched and damaged. Extreme care should be taken when handling. To clean dust or dirt off the display surface, wipe gently with cotton, or other soft material soaked with isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or trichlorotriflorothane, do not use water, ketone or aromatics and never scrub hard. 3. Do not tamper in any way with the tabs on the metal frame. 4. Do not make any modification on the PCB without consulting Newhaven Display. 5. When mounting a LCM, make sure that the PCB is not under any stress such as bending or twisting. Elastomer contacts are very delicate and missing pixels could result from slight dislocation of any of the elements. 6. Avoid pressing on the metal bezel, otherwise the elastomer connector could be deformed and lose contact, resulting in missing pixels and also cause rainbow on the display. 7. Be careful not to touch or swallow liquid crystal that might leak from a damaged cell. Any liquid crystal adheres to skin or clothes, wash it off immediately with soap and water. Static Electricity Precautions: 1. CMOS-LSI is used for the module circuit; therefore operators should be grounded whenever he/she comes into contact with the module. 2. Do not touch any of the conductive parts such as the LSI pads; the copper leads on the PCB and the interface terminals with any parts of the human body. 20 NHD-0416B1Z Newhaven Display 3. Do not touch the connection terminals of the display with bare hand; it will cause disconnection or defective insulation of terminals. 4. The modules should be kept in anti-static bags or other containers resistant to static for storage. 5. Only properly grounded soldering irons should be used. 6. If an electric screwdriver is used, it should be grounded and shielded to prevent sparks. 7. The normal static prevention measures should be observed for work clothes and working benches. 8. Since dry air is inductive to static, a relative humidity of 50-60% is recommended. Soldering Precautions: 1. Soldering should be performed only on the I/O terminals. 2. Use soldering irons with proper grounding and no leakage. 3. Soldering temperature: 280qC+10qC 4. Soldering time: 3 to 4 second. 5. Use eutectic solder with resin flux filling. 6. If flux is used, the LCD surface should be protected to avoid spattering flux. 7. Flux residue should be removed. Operation Precautions: 1. The viewing angle can be adjusted by varying the LCD driving voltage Vo. 2. Since applied DC voltage causes electro-chemical reactions, which deteriorate the display, the applied pulse waveform should be a symmetric waveform such that no DC component remains. Be sure to use the specified operating voltage. 3. Driving voltage should be kept within specified range; excess voltage will shorten display life. 4. Response time increases with decrease in temperature. 5. Display color may be affected at temperatures above its operational range. 6. Keep the temperature within the specified range usage and storage. Excessive temperature and humidity could cause polarization degradation, polarizer peel-off or generate bubbles. 7. For long-term storage over 40qC is required, relative humidity should be kept below 60%, and avoid direct sunlight. Limited Warranty: Newhaven Display LCDs and modules are not consumer products, but may be incorporated by Newhaven Display customers into consumer products or components thereof, Newhaven Display does not warrant that its LCDs and components are fit for any such particular purpose. 1. The liability of Newhaven Display is limited to repair or replacement on the terms set forth below. Newhaven Display will not be responsible for any subsequent or consequential events or injury or damage to any personnel or user including third party personnel and/or user. Unless otherwise agreed in writing between Newhaven Display and the customer, Newhaven Display will only replace or repair any of its LCD which is found defective electrically or visually when inspected in accordance with Newhaven Display general LCD inspection standard. (Copies available on request) 2. No warranty can be granted if any of the precautions stated in handling of liquid crystal display above has been disregarded. Broken glass, scratches on polarizer mechanical damages as well as defects that are caused accelerated environment tests are excluded from warranty. 3. When returning the LCD/LCM, they must be properly packaged and should have a detailed description of the failures or defect 21