AKM AK4390

[AK4390]
AK4390
Ultra Low Latency 32-Bit ΔΣ DAC
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AK4390 is a high performance stereo DAC capable of sampling up to 216kHz including a 32-bit digital
filter. The modulator uses AKM's multi-bit architecture, delivering wide dynamic range while preserving
linearity for improved THD+N performance. The AK4390 has fully differential switched-cap filter outputs,
removing the need for AC coupling capacitors and increasing performance for systems with excessive
clock jitter. The AK4390 accepts 192kHz PCM data, ideal for a wide range of applications including
DVD-Audio, high end sound cards, digital audio Firewire and USB interface boxes, and digital mixers.
FEATURES
• 128-times Oversampling
• Sampling Rate: 30kHz ∼ 216kHz
• 32Bit 8x Digital Filter
Ripple: ±0.005dB, Attenuation: 100dB
Low latency option: 7/fs
• High Tolerance to Clock Jitter
• Low Distortion Differential Output
• Digital De-emphasis for 32, 44.1, 48kHz sampling
• Soft Mute
• Digital Attenuator (255 levels and 0.5dB step)
• THD+N: −103dB
• DR, S/N: 120dB
• Audio Format: 24/32bit MSB justified, 16/20/24/32bit LSB justified, I2S
• Master Clock:
30kHz ~ 32kHz: 1152fs
30kHz ~ 54kHz: 512fs or 768fs
30kHz ~ 108kHz: 256fs or 384fs
108kHz ~ 216kHz: 128fs or 192fs
• Power Supply: 5V ± 5%
• TTL Level Digital I/F
• Package: 30pin VSOP
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
-1-
[AK4390]
■ Block Diagram
DVDD
VSS3
PDN
AVDD
VSS4
VSS2
VDDL
BICK
LRCK
SDATA
PCM
Data
Interface
8X
Interpolator
SCF
AOUTLP
AOUTLN
VREFHL
DATT
Soft Mute
MCLK
ΔΣ
Modulator
Vref
VREFLL
VREFLR
Clock
Divider
VREFLL
AOUTRP
SCF
CSN/SMUTE
CCLK/DEM0
AOUTRN
Control
Register
CDTI/DEM1
VDDR
VSS1
CAD0 CAD1/DIF0
DZFR
PSN DZFL/DIF1 DIF2
Block Diagram
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
-2-
[AK4390]
■ Ordering Guide
AK4390EF
AKD4390
−10 ∼ +70°C
30pin VSOP (0.65mm pitch)
Evaluation Board for AK4390
■ Pin Layout
SMUTE/CSN
1
30
LRCK
TST1/CAD0
2
29
SDATA
DEM0/CCLK
3
28
BICK
DEM1/CDTI
4
27
PDN
DIF0/CAD1
5
26
DVDD
DIF1/DZFL
6
25
VSS4
DIF2
7
24
MCLK
PSN
8
23
AVDD
TST2/DZFR
9
22
VSS3
AOUTRP
10
21
AOUTLP
AOUTRN
11
20
AOUTLN
VSS1
12
19
VSS2
VDDR
13
18
VDDL
VREFHR
14
17
VREFHL
VREFLR
15
16
VREFLL
AK4390
Top
View
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
-3-
[AK4390]
PIN/FUNCTION
No.
Pin Name
I/O
SMUTE
I
7
CSN
TST1
CAD0
DEM0
CCLK
DEM1
CDTI
DIF0
CAD1
DIF1
DZFL
DIF2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
O
I
8
PSN
I
TST2
I
DZFR
AOUTRP
AOUTRN
VSS1
VDDR
VREFHR
VREFLR
VREFLL
VREFHL
VDDL
VSS2
AOUTLN
AOUTLP
VSS3
AVDD
MCLK
VSS4
DVDD
O
O
O
I
I
I
I
O
O
I
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Function
Soft Mute in Parallel Control Mode
When this pin goes to “H”, soft mute cycle is initiated.
When returning to “L”, the output mute releases.
Chip Select in Serial Control Mode
Test Pin in Parallel Control Mode
(Internal pull-down pin)
Chip Address 0 in Serial Control Mode
(Internal pull-down pin)
De-emphasis Enable 0 in Parallel Control Mode
Control Data Clock in Serial Control Mode
De-emphasis Enable 1 in Parallel Control Mode
Control Data Input in Serial Control Mode
Digital Input Format 0 in PCM Mode
Chip Address 1 in Serial Control Mode
Digital Input Format 1 in PCM Mode
Left Channel Zero Input Detect in Serial Control Mode
Digital Input Format 2 in PCM Mode
Parallel/Serial Select
(Internal pull-up pin)
“L”: Serial Control Mode, “H”: Parallel Control Mode
Test pin in Parallel Control Mode.
Connect to GND.
Rch Zero Input Detect in Serial Control Mode
Right Channel Positive Analog Output
Right Channel Negative Analog Output
Connected to VSS2/3/4 Ground
Right Channel Analog Power Supply, 4.75~5.25V
Right Channel High Level Voltage Reference Input
Right Channel Low Level Voltage Reference Input
Left Channel Low Level Voltage Reference Input
Left Channel High Level Voltage Reference Input
Left Channel Analog Power Supply, 4.75~5.25V
Ground (connected to VSS1/3/4 ground)
Left Channel Negative Analog Output
Left Channel Positive Analog Output
Ground (connected to VSS1/2/4 ground)
Analog Power Supply, 4.75 to 5.25V
Master Clock Input
Connected to VSS1/2/3 Ground
Digital Power Supply, 4.75 ∼ 5.25V
Power-Down Mode
27 PDN
I
When at “L”, the AK4390 is in power-down mode and is held in reset.
The AK4390 should always be reset upon power-up.
28 BICK
I
Audio Serial Data Clock in PCM Mode
29 SDATA
I
Audio Serial Data Input in PCM Mode
30 LRCK
I
L/R Clock in PCM Mode
Note: All input pins except internal pull-up/down pins should not be left floating.
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
-4-
[AK4390]
■ Handling of Unused Pin
The following tables illustrate recommended states for open pins:
(1) Parallel Control Mode
Classification
Analog
Digital
Pin Name
Setting
Leave open.
AOUTLP, AOUTLN
AOUTRP, AOUTRN Leave open.
SMUTE
Connect to VSS4.
(2) Serial Control Mode
Classification
Analog
Digital
Pin Name
AOUTLP, AOUTLN
AOUTRP, AOUTRN
DIF2
DZFL, DZFR
Setting
Leave open.
Leave open.
Connect to VSS4.
Leave open.
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
-5-
[AK4390]
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(VSS1 = VSS2 = VSS3 = VSS4 = 0V; Note 1)
Parameter
Symbol
min
Power Supplies:
Analog
AVDD
−0.3
Analog
VDDL/R
−0.3
Digital
DVDD
−0.3
Input Current, Any pin Except Supplies
IIN
Digital Input Voltage
VIND
−0.3
Ambient Temperature (Power applied)
Ta
−10
Storage Temperature
Tstg
−65
max
6.0
6.0
6.0
±10
DVDD+0.3
70
150
Units
V
V
V
mA
V
°C
°C
Note 1. All voltages with respect to ground.
Note 2. VSS1/2/3/4 must be connected to the same analog ground plane.
WARNING: Operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device.
Normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
(VSS1 = VSS2 = VSS3 = VSS4 =0V; Note 1)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
Analog
Power Supplies:
AVDD
4.75
5.0
Analog
(Note 3)
VDDL/R
4.75
5.0
Digital
DVDD
4.75
5.0
“H” voltage reference
Voltage Reference
VREFHL/R
AVDD-0.5
“L” voltage reference
(Note 4)
VREFLL/R
VSS3
VREFH-VREFL
3.0
Δ VREF
max
5.25
5.25
5.25
AVDD
AVDD
Units
V
V
V
V
V
V
Note 1. All voltages with respect to ground.
Note 3. The power up sequence between AVDD and DVDD is not critical.
Note 4. Analog output voltage scales with the voltage of (VREFH − VREFL).
AOUT (typ.@0dB) = (AOUT+) − (AOUT−) = ±2.8Vpp× (VREFHL/R − VREFLL/R)/5.
* AKEMD assumes no responsibility for the usage beyond the conditions in this data sheet.
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
-6-
[AK4390]
ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=25°C; AVDD=VDDL/R=DVDD=5.0V; VSS1 = VSS2 = VSS3 = VSS4 =0V; VREFHL/R=AVDD, VREFLL/R=
VSS1=VSS2=VSS3; Input data=24bit; RL ≥ 1kΩ; BICK=64fs; Input Signal Frequency = 1kHz; Sampling Frequency =
44.1kHz; Measurement bandwidth = 20Hz ~ 20kHz; External Circuit: Figure 15; unless otherwise specified.)
Parameter
min
typ
max
Units
Resolution
24
Bits
Dynamic Characteristics
(Note 5)
0dBFS
−103
93
dB
fs=44.1kHz
THD+N
BW=20kHz
−57
dB
−60dBFS
0dBFS
−100
dB
fs=96kHz
BW=40kHz
−54
dB
−60dBFS
0dBFS
−100
dB
fs=192kHz
BW=40kHz
−60dBFS
−54
dB
BW=80kHz
−51
dB
−60dBFS
Dynamic Range (−60dBFS with A-weighted)
(Note 6)
114
120
dB
S/N (A-weighted)
(Note 7)
114
120
dB
Interchannel Isolation (1kHz)
110
120
dB
DC Accuracy
Interchannel Gain Mismatch
0.15
0.3
dB
Gain Drift
(Note 8)
20
ppm/°C
Output Voltage
(Note 9)
±2.65
±2.8
±2.95
Vpp
Load Capacitance
25
pF
Load Resistance
(Note 10)
1
kΩ
Power Supplies
Power Supply Current
Normal operation (PDN pin = “H”)
AVDD, VDDL/R
60
90
mA
43
mA
DVDD (fs ≤ 96kHz)
46
70
mA
DVDD (fs = 192kHz)
Power down (PDN pin = “L”)
(Note 11)
AVDD+DVDD
10
100
μA
Note 5. Measured by Audio Precision, System Two. Averaging mode. Refer to the evaluation board manual.
Note 6. By Figure 15. External LPF Circuit Example 2.101dB for 16-bit data and 118dB for 20-bit data.
Note 7. By Figure 15. External LPF Circuit Example 2. S/N does not depend on input word length.
Note 8. The voltage on (VREFHL/R − VREFLL/R) is held +5V externally.
Note 9. Full-scale voltage(0dB). Output voltage scales with the voltage of (VREFHL/R − VREFLL/R).
AOUT (typ.@0dB) = (AOUT+) − (AOUT−) = ±2.8Vpp × (VREFHL/R − VREFLL/R)/5.
Note 10. For AC-load. 1.5kΩ for DC-Load
Note 11. In the power-down mode. PSN pin = DVDD, and all other digital input pins including clock pins
(MCLK, BICK and LRCK) are held VSS4.
Note 12. PSR is applied to AVDD, DVDD with 1kHz, 100mVpp. The VREFHL/R pin is held +5V.
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
-7-
[AK4390]
SHARP ROLL-OFF FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs = 44.1kHz)
(Ta=25°C; AVDD=VDDL/R=4.75 ~ 5.25V, DVDD=4.75 ~ 5.25V; Normal Speed Mode; DEM=OFF; SD bit =“0”)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
max
Units
Digital Filter
Passband
(Note 14) ±0.01dB
PB
0
20.0
kHz
−6.0dB
22.05
kHz
Stopband
(Note 13)
SB
24.1
kHz
Passband Ripple
PR
±0.005
dB
Stopband Attenuation
SA
100
dB
Group Delay
(Note 14)
GD
36
1/fs
Digital Filter + SCF
Frequency Response : 0 ∼ 20.0kHz
±0.2
dB
SHARP ROLL-OFF FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs = 96kHz)
(Ta=25°C; AVDD=VDDL/R=4.75 ∼ 5.25V, DVDD=4.75 ∼ 5.25V; Double Speed Mode; DEM=OFF; SD bit=“0”)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
max
Units
Digital Filter
Passband
(Note 13) ±0.01dB
PB
0
43.5
kHz
−6.0dB
48.0
kHz
Stopband
(Note 13)
SB
52.5
kHz
Passband Ripple
PR
±0.005
dB
Stopband Attenuation
SA
95
dB
Group Delay
(Note 14)
GD
36
1/fs
Digital Filter + SCF
Frequency Response : 0 ∼ 40.0kHz
±0.3
dB
SHARP ROLL-OFF FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs = 192kHz)
(Ta=25°C; AVDD=VDDL/R=4.75 ∼ 5.25V, DVDD=4.75 ∼ 5.25V; Quad Speed Mode; DEM=OFF; SD bit=“0”)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
max
Units
Digital Filter
Passband
(Note 13) ±0.01dB
PB
0
87.0
kHz
−6.0dB
96.0
kHz
Stopband
(Note 13)
SB
105
kHz
Passband Ripple
PR
±0.005
dB
Stopband Attenuation
SA
90
dB
Group Delay
(Note 14)
GD
36
1/fs
Digital Filter + SCF
Frequency Response : 0 ∼ 80.0kHz
+0/−1
dB
Note 13. The passband and stopband frequencies scale with fs. For example, PB=0.4535×fs (@±0.01dB), SB=0.546×fs.
Note 14. The calculating delay time which occurred by digital filtering. This time is from setting the 16/20/24bit data of
both channels to input register to the output of analog signal.
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
-8-
[AK4390]
Short Delay FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs = 44.1kHz)
(Ta=25°C; AVDD=VDDL/R=4.75 ∼ 5.25V, DVDD=4.75 ∼ 5.25V; Normal Speed Mode; DEM=OFF; SD bit=“1”)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
max
Units
Digital Filter
Passband
(Note 14) ±0.01dB
PB
0
20.0
kHz
−6.0dB
22.05
kHz
Stopband
(Note 13)
SB
24.1
kHz
Passband Ripple
PR
±0.005
dB
Stopband Attenuation
SA
100
dB
Group Delay
(Note 14)
GD
7
1/fs
Digital Filter + SCF
Frequency Response : 0 ∼ 20.0kHz
±0.2
dB
Short Delay FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs = 96kHz)
(Ta=25°C; AVDD=VDDL/R=4.75 ∼ 5.25V, DVDD=4.75 ∼ 5.25V; Double Speed Mode; DEM=OFF; SD bit=“1”)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
max
Units
Digital Filter
Passband
(Note 13) ±0.01dB
PB
0
43.5
kHz
−6.0dB
48.0
kHz
Stopband
(Note 13)
SB
52.5
kHz
Passband Ripple
PR
±0.005
dB
Stopband Attenuation
SA
95
dB
Group Delay
(Note 14)
GD
7
1/fs
Digital Filter + SCF
Frequency Response : 0 ∼ 40.0kHz
±0.3
dB
Short Delay FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs = 192kHz)
(Ta=25°C; AVDD=VDDL/R=4.75 ∼ 5.25V, DVDD=4.75 ∼ 5.25V; Quad Speed Mode; DEM=OFF; SD bit=“1”)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
max
Units
Digital Filter
Passband
(Note 13) ±0.01dB
PB
0
87.0
kHz
−6.0dB
96.0
kHz
Stopband
(Note 13)
SB
105
kHz
Passband Ripple
PR
±0.005
dB
Stopband Attenuation
SA
90
dB
Group Delay
(Note 14)
GD
7
1/fs
Digital Filter + SCF
Frequency Response : 0 ∼ 80.0kHz
+0/−1
dB
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
-9-
[AK4390]
DC CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=25°C; AVDD=VDDL/R=4.75 ~ 5.25V, DVDD=4.75 ~ 5.25V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
High-Level Input Voltage
VIH
2.4
Low-Level Input Voltage
VIL
High-Level Output Voltage (Iout = −100μA)
VOH
DVDD−0.5
Low-Level Output Voltage (Iout = 100μA)
VOL
Input Leakage Current
(Note 15)
Iin
-
typ
-
max
0.8
0.5
±10
Units
V
V
V
V
μA
Note 15. TST1/CAD0 and PSN pins have internal pull-up devices, nominally 100kΩ. Therefore, TST1/CAD0 and PSN
pins are not included in this specification.
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
- 10 -
[AK4390]
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=25°C; AVDD=VDDL/R=4.75 ∼ 5.25V, DVDD=4.75 ∼ 5.25V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
Master Clock Timing
Frequency
fCLK
7.7
Duty Cycle
dCLK
40
LRCK Frequency
(Note 16)
Normal Speed Mode
fsn
30
Double Speed Mode
fsd
30
Quad Speed Mode
fsq
108
Duty Cycle
Duty
45
PCM Audio Interface Timing
BICK Period
1/128fn
tBCK
Normal Speed Mode
1/64fd
tBCK
Double Speed Mode
1/64fq
tBCK
Quad Speed Mode
30
tBCKL
BICK Pulse Width Low
30
tBCKH
BICK Pulse Width High
20
tBLR
BICK “↑” to LRCK Edge
(Note 17)
20
tLRB
LRCK Edge to BICK “↑”
(Note 17)
20
tSDH
SDATA Hold Time
20
tSDS
SDATA Setup Time
Control Interface Timing
200
tCCK
CCLK Period
80
tCCKL
CCLK Pulse Width Low
80
tCCKH
Pulse Width High
50
tCDS
CDTI Setup Time
50
tCDH
CDTI Hold Time
150
tCSW
CSN High Time
50
tCSS
CSN “↓” to CCLK “↑”
50
tCSH
CCLK “↑” to CSN “↑”
Reset Timing
PDN Pulse Width
(Note 18)
tPD
150
typ
max
Units
41.472
60
MHz
%
54
108
216
55
kHz
kHz
kHz
%
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Note 16. When the frequency (1152fs, 512fs or 768fs /256fs or 384fs /128fs or 192fs) is switched, the AK4390 should be
reset by the PDN pin or RSTN bit.
Note 17. BICK rising edge must not occur at the same time as LRCK edge.
Note 18. The AK4390 can be reset by bringing the PDN pin “L” to “H”.
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
- 11 -
[AK4390]
■ Timing Diagram
1/fCLK
VIH
MCLK
VIL
tCLKH
tCLKL
dCLK=tCLKH x fCLK, tCLKL x fCLK
1/fs
VIH
LRCK
VIL
tBCK
VIH
BICK
VIL
tBCKH
tBCKL
Clock Timing
VIH
LRCK
VIL
tBLR
tLRB
VIH
BICK
VIL
tSDH
tSDS
VIH
SDATA
VIL
Audio Interface Timing (PCM Mode)
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
- 12 -
[AK4390]
VIH
CSN
VIL
tCSS
tCCKL tCCKH
VIH
CCLK
VIL
tCDS
C1
CDTI
tCDH
C0
R/W
VIH
A4
VIL
WRITE Command Input Timing
tCSW
VIH
CSN
VIL
tCSH
VIH
CCLK
CDTI
VIL
D3
D2
D1
D0
VIH
VIL
WRITE Data Input Timing
tPD
PDN
VIL
Power Down & Reset Timing
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
- 13 -
[AK4390]
OPERATION OVERVIEW
■ System Clock
The external clocks, which are required to operate the AK4390, are MCLK, BICK and LRCK. MCLK should be
synchronized with LRCK but the phase is not critical. The MCLK is used to operate the digital interpolation filter and the
delta-sigma modulator. Sampling speed and MCLK frequency are detected automatically and then the initial master clock
is set to the appropriate frequency (Table 1). When external clocks are changed, the AK4390 should be reset by the PDN
pin or RSTN bit. After exiting reset (PDN pin = “L” → “H”) at power-up etc., the AK4390 is in power-down mode until
MCLK is supplied.
The AK4390 is automatically placed in power saving mode when MCLK and LRCK stop during normal operation mode,
and the analog output is AVDD/2 (typ). When MCLK and LRCK are input again, the AK4390 is powered up. After
power-up, the AK4390 is in the power-down mode until MCLK and LRCK are input.
The MCLK frequency corresponding to each sampling speed should be provided (Table 2).
MCLK
1152fs
512fs
256fs
128fs
LRCK
fs
32.0kHz
44.1kHz
48.0kHz
88.2kHz
96.0kHz
176.4kHz
192.0kHz
128fs
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
22.5792
24.5760
Mode
Normal
768fs
Normal
384fs
Double
192fs
Quad
Table 1. Sampling Speed
Sampling Rate
30kHz~32kHz
30kHz~54kHz
30kHz~108kHz
108kHz~216kHz
MCLK (MHz)
192fs
256fs
384fs
512fs
N/A
8.1920
12.2880
16.3840
N/A
11.2896
16.9344
22.5792
N/A
12.2880
18.4320
24.5760
N/A
22.5792
33.8688
N/A
N/A
24.5760
36.8640
N/A
33.8688
N/A
N/A
N/A
36.8640
N/A
N/A
N/A
Table 2. System Clock Example (N/A: Not available)
768fs
24.5760
33.8688
36.8640
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1152fs
36.8640
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
MCLK= 256fs/384fs supports sampling rate of 30kHz~108kHz (Table 3). But, when the sampling rate is 30kHz~54kHz,
DR and S/N will degrade by approximately 3dB as compared to when MCLK= 512fs/768fs.
MCLK
DR,S/N
256fs/384fs
117dB
512fs/768fs
120dB
Table 3. Relationship between MCLK frequency and DR, S/N (fs= 44.1kHz)
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
- 14 -
[AK4390]
■ Audio Interface Format
Data is shifted in via the SDATA pin using the BICK and LRCK inputs. Eight data formats are supported, selected by the
DIF2-0 pins (Parallel control mode) or DIF2-0 bits (Serial control mode) as shown in Table 4. In all formats the serial data
is MSB-first, 2's compliment format and is latched on the rising edge of BICK. Mode 2 can be used for 20-bit and 16-bit
MSB justified formats by zeroing the unused LSBs.
Mode
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DIF2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
DIF1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
DIF0
Input Format
BICK
0
16bit LSB justified
≥ 32fs
1
20bit LSB justified
≥ 48fs
0
24bit MSB justified
≥ 48fs
1
24bit I2S Compatible
≥ 48fs
0
24bit LSB justified
≥ 48fs
1
32bit LSB justified
≥ 64fs
0
32bit MSB justified
≥ 64fs
1
32bit I2S Compatible
≥ 64fs
Table 4. Audio Interface Format
Figure
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 2
Figure 5
Figure 5
Figure 6
(default)
LRCK
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
0
1
BICK
(32fs)
SDATA
Mode 0
15
0
14
6
1
5
14
4
15
3
2
16
17
1
0
31
15
0
14
6
5
14
1
4
15
3
16
2
17
1
0
31
15
14
0
1
0
1
BICK
(64fs)
SDATA
Mode 0
Don’t care
15
14
15
Don’t care
0
14
0
15:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 1. Mode 0 Timing
LRCK
0
1
8
9
10
11
12
31
0
1
8
9
10
11
12
31
BICK
(64fs)
SDATA
Mode 1
Don’t care
19
0
Don’t care
19
0
Don’t care
19
0
19
0
19:MSB, 0:LSB
SDATA
Mode 4
Don’t care
23
22
21
20
23
22
21
20
23:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 2. Mode 1/4 Timing
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
- 15 -
[AK4390]
LRCK
0
1
2
22
23
24
30
31
0
1
2
22
23
24
30
31
0
1
BICK
(64fs)
SDATA
23 22
1
0
Don’t care
23 22
0
1
Don’t care
23
22
0
1
23:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 3. Mode 2 Timing
LRCK
0
1
2
3
23
24
25
31
0
1
2
3
23
24
25
31
BICK
(64fs)
SDATA
0
1
23 22
Don’t care
23 22
0
1
23
Don’t care
23:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 4. Mode 3 Timing
LRCK
0
1
2
22
23
24
30
31
0
1
2
22
23
24
30
31
0
1
BICK
(64fs)
SDATA
32 31
1
0
32 31
1
0
32
31
32:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 5. Mode 5/6 Timing
LRCK
0
1
2
3
30
31
32
0
1
2
3
30
31
32
0
1
BICK
(≥64fs)
SDATA
31 30
1
0
Don’t care
31 30
1
0
Don’t care
31
31:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 6. Mode 7 Timing
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
- 16 -
[AK4390]
■ De-emphasis Filter
A digital de-emphasis filter is available for 32kHz, 44.1kHz or 48kHz sampling rates (tc = 50/15µs) and it is enabled or
disabled with the DEM1-0 pins or DEM1-0 bits. For 256fs/384fs and 128fs/192fs, the digital de-emphasis filter is always
off. When in DSD mode, the DEM1-0 bits are ignored. The current value is held even if PCM mode and DSD mode are
switched.
DEM1
0
0
1
1
DEM0
Mode
0
44.1kHz
1
OFF
(default)
0
48kHz
1
32kHz
Table 5. De-emphasis Control
■ Output Volume Control
The AK4390 includes channel independent digital output volume control (ATT) with 256 levels at 0.5dB steps including
MUTE. The volume control is in front of the DAC, and it can attenuate the input data from 0dB to –127dB and mute.
When changing output levels, transitions are executed via soft changes; thus no switching noise occurs during these
transitions.
MS1046-E-00
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- 17 -
[AK4390]
■ Zero Detection
The AK4390 has a channel-independent zero detect function. When the input data for each channel is continuously zero
for 8192 LRCK cycles, the DZF pin of each channel goes to “H”. The DZF pin of each channel immediately returns to
“L” if the input data of either channel is not zero after going to “H”. If the RSTN bit is “0”, the DZF pins for both channels
go to “H”. The DZF pins of both channels go to “L” 4 ~ 5/fs after the RSTN bit returns to “1”. If the DZFM bit is set to
“1”, the DZF pins of both channels go to “H” only when the input data for both channels are continuously zero for 8192
LRCK cycles. The zero detect function can be disabled by setting the DZFE bit. In this case, DZF pins of both channels
are always “L”. The DZFB bit can invert the polarity of the DZF pin.
■ Soft Mute Operation
The soft mute operation is performed in the digital domain. When the SMUTE pin changes to “H” or the SMUTE bit set
to “1”, the output signal is attenuated by −∞ during ATT_DATA × ATT transition time from the current ATT level. When
the SMUTE pin is returned to “L” or the SMUTE bit is returned to “0”, the mute is cancelled and the output attenuation
gradually changes to the ATT level during ATT_DATA × ATT transition time. If the soft mute is cancelled before
attenuating −∞ after starting the operation, the attenuation is discontinued and returned to ATT level by the same cycle.
The soft mute is effective for changing the signal source without stopping the signal transmission.
S M U T E pin or
S M U T E bit
(1)
(1)
AT T _Level
(3)
A ttenuation
-∞
GD
(2)
GD
(2)
AOUT
D ZF pin
(4)
8192/fs
Notes:
(1) ATT_DATA × ATT transition time (Table 9). For this example, the time is 1020LRCK cycles (1020/fs)
at ATT_DATA=255 in Normal Speed Mode.
(2) Analog output corresponding to digital input has group delay (GD).
(3) If the soft mute is cancelled before attenuating −∞ after starting the operation, the attenuation is discontinued
and returned to ATT level by the same cycle.
(4) When the input data for each channel is continuously zero for 8192 LRCK cycles, the DZF pin for each channel
goes to “H”. The DZF pin immediately returns to “L” if the input data are not zero after going “H”.
Figure 7. Soft Mute Function
■ System Reset
The AK4390 should be reset once by bringing the PDN pin = “L” upon power-up. The analog section exits power-down
mode by MCLK input and then the digital section exits power-down mode after the internal counter counts MCLK during
4/fs.
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[AK4390]
■ Power ON/OFF timing
The AK4390 is placed in the power-down mode by bringing the PDN pin “L” and the registers are initialized. the analog
outputs are floating (Hi-Z). As some click noise occurs at the edge of the PDN pin signal, the analog output should be
muted externally if the click noise influences system application.
The DAC can be reset by setting RSTN bit to “0”. In this case, the registers are not initialized and the corresponding
analog outputs go to AVDD/2 (typ). As some click noise occurs at the edge of RSTN signal, the analog output should be
muted externally if click noise aversely affect system performance.
Power
PDN pin
(1)
Internal
State
Normal Operation
DAC In
(Digital)
“0”data
“0”data
GD
DAC Out
(Analog)
(3)
Reset
(2)
(4)
GD
(4)
(3)
(5)
Clock In
MCLK,LRCK,BICK
Don’t care
Don’t care
(7)
DZFL/DZFR
External
Mute
(6)
Mute ON
Mute ON
Notes:
(1) After AVDD and DVDD are powered-up, the PDN pin should be “L” for 150ns.
(2) The analog output corresponding to digital input has group delay (GD).
(3) Analog outputs are floating (Hi-Z) in power-down mode.
(4) Click noise occurs at the edge of PDN signal. This noise is output even if “0” data is input.
(5) Mute the analog output externally if click noise (3) adversely affect system performance
The timing example is shown in this figure.
(6) DZFL/R pins are “L” in the power-down mode (PDN pin = “L”). (DZFB bit = “0”)
Figure 8. Power-down/up Sequence Example
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[AK4390]
■ Reset Function
(1) RESET by RSTN bit = “0”
When the RSTN bit = “0”, the AK4390’s digital section is powered down, but the internal register values are not
initialized. The analog outputs settle to AVDD/2 (typ) and the DZF pins for both channels go to “H”. Figure 9 shows the
example of reset by RSTN bit.
RSTN bit
3~4/fs (5)
2~3/fs (5)
Internal
RSTN bit
Internal
State
Normal Operation
P
D/A In
(Digital)
d
“0 ” data
(1)
D/A Out
(Analog)
Normal O peration
D igital Block
GD
GD
(3)
(2)
(3)
(1)
2/ fs(4)
DZF
(6)
Notes:
(1) The analog output corresponding to digital input has group delay (GD).
(2) Analog outputs settle to AVDD/2 (typ).
(3) Click noise occurs at the edges (“↑ ↓”) of the internal timing of RSTN bit.
This noise is output even if “0” data is input.
(4) DZF pins go to “H” when the RSTN bit is set to “0”, and return to “L” at 2/fs after the RSTN bit
becomes “1”.
(5) There is a delay, 3 ~ 4/fs from RSTN bit “0” to the internal RSTN bit “0”, and 2 ~ 3/fs from RSTN bit “1”
to the internal RSTN bit “1”.
(6) Mute the analog output externally if click noise (3) adversely affect system performance
Figure 9. Reset Sequence Example 1
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
- 20 -
[AK4390]
(2) RESET by MCLK or LRCK stop
The AK4390 is automatically placed in reset state when MCLK or LRCK is stopped during normal operation and the
analog outputs are floating (Hi-Z). When MCLK and LRCK are input again, the AK4390 exits reset state and starts the
operation. Zero detect function is disable when MCLK or LRCK is stopped.
AVDD pin
DVDD pin
RSTB pin
(1)
Internal
State
Power-down
D/A In
(Digital)
Power-down
Normal O peration
Normal Operation
(3)
GD
D/A Out
(Analog)
Digital Circuit P ower-down
(2)
GD
(4)
Hi-Z
(5)
(2)
(4)
(4)
(5)
Clock In
MCLK, BICK, LRCK Stop
MCLK, BICK, LRCK
External
MUTE
(6)
(6)
(6)
Notes:
(1) After AVDD and DVDD are powered-up, the PDN pin should be held “L” for 150ns.
(2) The analog output corresponding to digital input has the group delay (GD).
(3) Digital data can be stopped. The click noise after MCLK and LRCK are input again can be reduced by inputting
the “0” data during this period.
(4) Click noise occurs in 3 ∼ 4LRCK cycles ether on a rising edge (↑) of the PDN signal or MCLK inputs. This noise
is output even if “0” data is input.
(5) Mute the analog output externally if click noise (4) influences system application. The timing example is shown in
this figure.
Figure 10. Reset Sequence Example 2
MS1046-E-00
2009/01
- 21 -
[AK4390]
■ Register Control Interface
Pins (parallel control mode) or registers (serial control mode) can control the functions of the AK4390. In parallel control
mode, the register setting is ignored, and in serial control mode the pin settings are ignored. When the state of the PSN pin
is changed, the AK4390 should be reset by the PDN pin. The serial control interface is enabled by the PSN pin = “L”. In
this mode, pin settings must be all “L”. Internal registers may be written to through3-wire µP interface pins: CSN, CCLK
and CDTI. The data on this interface consists of Chip address (2-bits, CAD0/1), Read/Write (1-bit; fixed to “1”), Register
address (MSB first, 5-bits) and Control data (MSB first, 8-bits). The AK4390 latches the data on the rising edge of CCLK,
so data should be clocked in on the falling edge. The writing of data is valid when CSN “↑”. The clock speed of CCLK is
5MHz (max).
Function
Parallel Control Mode Serial Control Mode
Audio Format
Y
Y
De-emphasis
Y
Y
SMUTE
Y
Y
DSD Mode
Y
EX DF I/F
Y
Short delay Filter
Y
Digital Attenuator
Y
Table 6. Function List (Y: Available, -: Not available)
Setting the PDN pin to “L” resets the registers to their default values. In serial control mode, the internal timing circuit is
reset by the RSTN bit, but the registers are not initialized.
CSN
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
CCLK
CDTI
C1 C0 R/W A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
C1-C0:
Chip Address (C1=CAD1, C0=CAD0)
R/W:
READ/WRITE (Fixed to “1”, Write only)
A4-A0: Register Address
D7-D0: Control Data
Figure 11. Control I/F Timing
* The AK4390 does not support the read command.
* When the AK4390 is in power down mode (PDN pin = “L”) or the MCLK is not provided, writing into the control
register is prohibited.
* The control data can not be written when the CCLK rising edge is 15 times or less or 17 times or more during CSN is
“L”.
MS1046-E-00
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- 22 -
[AK4390]
Function List
Function
Attenuation Level
Default
0dB
Address
03H
04H
00H
00H
00H
01H
01H
01H
01H
01H
02H
02H
Bit
ATT7-0
External Digital Filter I/F Mode
Disable
EXDF
Ex DF I/F mode clock setting
16fs(fs=44.1kHz)
ESC
Audio Data Interface Modes
24bit MSB justified
DIF2-0
Data Zero Detect Enable
Disable
DZFE
Data Zero Detect Mode
Separated
DZFM
Short delay Filter Enable
Sharp roll-off filter
SD
De-emphasis Response
OFF
DEM1-0
Soft Mute Enable
Normal Operation
SMUTE
DSD/PCM Mode Select
PCM mode
DP
Master Clock Frequency Select at
512fs
DCKS
DSD mode
MONO mode Stereo mode select
Stereo
02H
MONO
Inverting Enable of DZF
“H” active
02H
DZFB
The data selection of L channel and R channel
02H
SELLR
R channel
Table 7. Function List2 (Y: Available, -: Not available)
MS1046-E-00
PCM
DSD
Ex DF I/F
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
-
-
Y
-
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
-
Y
Y
Y
Y
-
2009/01
- 23 -
[AK4390]
■ Register Map
Addr
00H
01H
02H
03H
04H
Register Name
Control 1
Control 2
Control 3
Lch ATT
Rch ATT
D7
0
DZFE
0
ATT7
ATT7
D6
0
DZFM
0
ATT6
ATT6
D5
0
SD
0
ATT5
ATT5
D4
0
DFS1
0
ATT4
ATT4
D3
DIF2
DFS0
0
ATT3
ATT3
D2
DIF1
DEM1
DZFB
ATT2
ATT2
D1
DIF0
DEM0
0
ATT1
ATT1
D0
RSTN
SMUTE
0
ATT0
ATT0
Notes:
Data must not be written into addresses from 05H to 1FH.
When the PDN pin goes to “L”, the registers are initialized to their default values.
When RSTN bit is set to “0”, only the internal timing is reset, and the registers are not initialized to their default
values.
When the state of the PSN pin is changed, the AK4390 should be reset by the PDN pin.
■ Register Definitions
Addr Register Name
00H Control 1
Default
D7
0
0
D6
0
0
D5
0
0
D4
0
0
D3
DIF2
0
D2
DIF1
1
D1
DIF0
0
D0
RSTN
1
RSTN: Internal timing reset
0: Reset. All registers are not initialized.
1: Normal Operation (default)
When internal clocks are changed, the AK4390 should be reset by the PDN pin or RSTN bit.
DIF2-0: Audio data interface modes (Table 4)
Initial value is “010” (Mode 2: 24-bit MSB justified).
MS1046-E-00
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[AK4390]
Addr Register Name
01H Control 2
Default
D7
DZFE
0
D6
DZFM
0
D5
SD
0
D4
0
0
D3
0
0
D2
DEM1
0
D1
DEM0
1
D0
SMUTE
0
SMUTE: Soft Mute Enable
0: Normal Operation (default)
1: DAC outputs soft-muted.
DEM1-0: De-emphasis Response (Table 5)
Initial value is “01” (OFF).
SD:
Short Delay Filter Enable
0: Sharp roll-off filter (default)
1: Short Delay filter
DZFM:
Data Zero Detect Mode
0: Channel Separated Mode (default)
1: Channel AND’ed Mode
If the DZFM bit is set to “1”, the DZF pins of both channels goes to “H” only when the input data for
both channels are continuously zero for 8192 LRCK cycles.
DZFE:
Data Zero Detect Enable
0: Disable (default)
1: Enable
The zero detect function can be disabled by DZFE bit “0”. In this case, the DZF pins of both channels are
always “L”.
MS1046-E-00
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[AK4390]
Addr Register Name
02H Control 3
Default
D7
0
0
D6
0
0
D5
0
0
D4
0
0
D3
0
0
D2
DZFB
0
D1
0
0
D0
0
0
D5
ATT5
ATT5
1
D4
ATT4
ATT4
1
D3
ATT3
ATT3
1
D2
ATT2
ATT2
1
D1
ATT1
ATT1
1
D0
ATT0
ATT0
1
DZFB: Inverting Enable of DZF
0: DZF pin goes “H” at Zero Detection (default)
1: DZF pin goes “L” at Zero Detection
Addr Register Name
03H Lch ATT
04H Rch ATT
Default
D7
ATT7
ATT7
1
D6
ATT6
ATT6
1
ATT7-0: Attenuation Level
256 levels, 0.5dB step
Data
FFH
FEH
FDH
:
:
02H
01H
00H
Attenuation
0dB
-0.5dB
-1.0dB
:
:
-126.5dB
-127.0dB
MUTE (-∞)
The transition between set values is a soft transition of 7425 levels. It takes 7424/fs (168ms@fs=44.1kHz) from
FFH (0dB) to 00H (MUTE). If the PDN pin goes to “L”, the ATTs are initialized to FFH. The ATT values are
FFH when RSTN = “0”. When RSTN return to “1”, the ATT values fade to their current value. This digital
attenuator is independent of the soft mute function.
MS1046-E-00
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[AK4390]
SYSTEM DESIGN
Figure 12 shows the system connection diagram. Figure 14 and Figure 15 shows the analog output circuit examples. The
evaluation board (AKD4390) demonstrates the optimum layout, power supply arrangements and measurement results.
Digital 5.0V
LRCK
30
SDATA
29
1
CSN
2
CAD0
3
CCLK
BICK 28
4
CDTI
PDN 27
5
CAD1
DVDD
26
6
DZFL
VSS4
25
7
DIF2
MCLK
24
AVDD
23
MicroController
Rch Out
Digital
Ground
DSP
Rch
Mute
Rch
LPF
10u
+
+
0.1u
10u
0.1u
AK4390
Top
View
8
PSN
9
DZFR
10
AOUTRP
AOUTLP 21
11
AOUTRN
AOUTLN 20
12
VSS1
VSS2 19
13
VDDR
VDDL 18
14
VREFHR
VREFHL 17
15
VREFLR
VREFLL 16
VSS3 22
+
0.1u
10u
+
0.1u
10u
Lch
LPF
0.1u
10u
+
+
0.1u
10u
Lch
Mute
Lch Out
Analog 5.0V
Analog
Ground
+
Electrolytic Capacitor
Ceramic Capacitor
Notes:
- Power lines of AVDD and DVDD should be distributed separately from the point with low impedance of regulator
etc.
- VSS1/2/3/4 must be connected to the same analog ground plane.
- When AOUT drives a capacitive load, some resistance should be added in series between AOUT and the
capacitive load.
- All input pins except pull-down/pull-up pins should not be allowed to float.
Figure 12. Typical Connection Diagram (AVDD=5V, DVDD=5V, Serial Control Mode)
MS1046-E-00
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[AK4390]
Analog Ground
Digital Ground
System
Controller
1
SMUTE/CSN
2
TST1/CAD0
LRCK
30
SDATA
3
29
DEM0/CCLK
BICK
28
4
DEM1/CDTI
PDN
27
5
DIF0/CAD1
DVDD
26
6
DIF1/DZFL
VSS4
25
7
DIF2
MCLK
24
8
PSN
AVDD
23
9
TST2/DZFR
VSS3
22
10
AOUTRP
AOUTLP
21
11
AOUTRN
AOUTLN
20
12
VSS1
VSS2
19
13
VDRR
VDDL
18
14
VREFHR
VREFHL
17
15
VREFLR
VREFLL
16
AK4390
Figure 13. Ground Layout
1. Grounding and Power Supply Decoupling
To minimize coupling by digital noise, decoupling capacitors should be connected to AVDD and DVDD, respectively.
AVDD is supplied from analog supply in system and DVDD is supplied from digital supply in system. Power lines of
AVDD and DVDD should be distributed separately from the point with low impedance of regulator etc. The power up
sequence between AVDD and DVDD is not critical. VSS1/2/3/4 must be connected to the same analog ground
plane. Decoupling capacitors for high frequency should be placed as near as possible to the supply pin.
2. Voltage Reference
The differential voltage between VREFHL/R and VREFLL/R sets the analog output range. The VREFHL/R pin is
normally connected to AVDD, and the VREFLL/R pin is normally connected to VSS1/2/3. VREFHL/R and VREFLL/R
should be connected with a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor. All signals, especially clocks, should be kept away from the
VREFHL/R and VREFLL/R pins in order to avoid unwanted noise coupling into the AK4390.
3. Analog Outputs
The analog outputs are fully differential outputs at 2.8Vpp (typ, VREFHL/R − VREFLL/R = 5V), centered around
AVDD/2 (typ). The differential outputs are summed externally, VAOUT = (AOUT+) − (AOUT−) between AOUT+ and
AOUT−. If the summing gain is 1, the output range is 5.6Vpp (typ, VREFHL/R − VREFLL/R = 5V). The bias voltage of
the external summing circuit is supplied externally. The input data format is two’s complement. The output voltage
(VAOUT) is positive full scale for 7FFFFFH (@24-bits) and negative full scale for 800000H (@24-bits). The ideal VAOUT
is 0V for 000000H(@24-bits).
The internal switched-capacitor filters attenuate the noise generated by the delta-sigma modulator beyond the audio
passband. Figure 14 shows an example of an external LPF circuit summing the differential outputs with an op-amp.
Figure 15 shows an example of differential outputs and a LPF circuit example by three op-amps.
MS1046-E-00
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- 28 -
[AK4390]
AK4390
1.5k
AOUT-
1.5k
750
1n
+Vop
2.2n
1.5k
AOUT+
1.5k
Analog
Out
750
1n
-Vop
Figure 14. External LPF Circuit Example 1 for PCM (fc = 125kHz, Q=0.692)
Frequency Response
Gain
20kHz
−0.012dB
40kHz
−0.083dB
80kHz
−0.799dB
Table 8. Filter Response of External LPF Circuit Example 1 for PCM
+15
3.3n
+
10k
330
180
0.1u
7
3
2 +
4
3.9n
6
NJM5534D
+
10u
0.1u
620
620
3.3n
+
100u
3.9n
100
6
Lch
1.0n NJM5534D
10u
6
NJM5534D
1.2k
330
2 - 4
+
3
7
0.1u
7
3
+
2 4
+
10k
AOUTL+
180
+10u
1.0n
1.2k
680
0.1u
560
560
100u
AOUTL- +
-15
10u
680
+
0.1u
10u
+
10u
0.1u
Figure 15. External LPF Circuit Example 2 for PCM
1st Stage
2nd Stage
Total
Cut-off Frequency
182kHz
284kHz
Q
0.637
Gain
+3.9dB
-0.88dB
+3.02dB
20kHz
-0.025
-0.021
-0.046dB
Frequency
40kHz
-0.106
-0.085
-0.191dB
Response
80kHz
-0.517
-0.331
-0.848dB
Table 9. Filter Response of External LPF Circuit Example 2 for PCM
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[AK4390]
PACKAGE
30pin VSOP (Unit: mm)
1.5MAX
*9.7±0.1
0.3
30
16
15
1
0.22±0.1
7.6±0.2
5.6±0.1
A
0.15 +0.10
-0.05
0.65
0.12 M
0.45±0.2
+0.10
0.08
0.10 -0.05
1.2±0.10
Detail A
NOTE: Dimension "*" does not include mold flash.
■ Material & Lead finish
Package molding compound: Epoxy
Lead frame material: Cu
Lead frame surface treatment: Solder (Pb free) plate
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[AK4390]
MARKING
AK4390EF
XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX
Date code identifier
REVISION HISTORY
Date (YY/MM/DD)
09/01/09
Revision
00
Reason
First Edition
Page
MS1046-E-00
Contents
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[AK4390]
IMPORTANT NOTICE
z These products and their specifications are subject to change without notice.
When you consider any use or application of these products, please make inquiries the sales office of Asahi Kasei
EMD Corporation (AKEMD) or authorized distributors as to current status of the products.
z AKEMD assumes no liability for infringement of any patent, intellectual property, or other rights in the application or
use of any information contained herein.
z Any export of these products, or devices or systems containing them, may require an export license or other official
approval under the law and regulations of the country of export pertaining to customs and tariffs, currency exchange,
or strategic materials.
z AKEMD products are neither intended nor authorized for use as critical componentsNote1) in any safety, life support, or
other hazard related device or systemNote2), and AKEMD assumes no responsibility for such use, except for the use
approved with the express written consent by Representative Director of AKEMD. As used here:
Note1) A critical component is one whose failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result,
whether directly or indirectly, in the loss of the safety or effectiveness of the device or system containing it, and
which must therefore meet very high standards of performance and reliability.
Note2) A hazard related device or system is one designed or intended for life support or maintenance of safety or
for applications in medicine, aerospace, nuclear energy, or other fields, in which its failure to function or perform
may reasonably be expected to result in loss of life or in significant injury or damage to person or property.
z It is the responsibility of the buyer or distributor of AKEMD products, who distributes, disposes of, or otherwise
places the product with a third party, to notify such third party in advance of the above content and conditions, and the
buyer or distributor agrees to assume any and all responsibility and liability for and hold AKEMD harmless from any
and all claims arising from the use of said product in the absence of such notification.
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