LP2951JAN LP2951JAN Series of Adjustable Micropower Voltage Regulators Literature Number: SNVS408 LP2951JAN Series of Adjustable Micropower Voltage Regulators General Description Features The LP2951 is a micropower voltage regulator with very low quiescent current (75μA typ.) and very low dropout voltage (typ. 40mV at light loads and 380mV at 100mA). It is ideally suited for use in battery-powered systems. Furthermore, the quiescent current increases only slightly in dropout, prolonging battery life. An additional feature is an error flag output which warns of a low output voltage, often due to falling batteries on the input. It may be used for a power-on reset. A second feature is the logic-compatible shutdown input which enables the regulator to be switched on and off. Also, the part may be pin-strapped for a 5V, 3V, or 3.3V output (depending on the version), or programmed from 1.24V to 29V with an external pair of resistors. Careful design of the LP2951 has minimized all contributions to the error budget. This includes a tight initial tolerance (.5% typ.), extremely good load and line regulation (.05% typ.) and a very low output voltage temperature coefficient, making the part useful as a low-power voltage reference. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ High accuracy output voltage Guaranteed 100mA output current Extremely low quiescent current Low dropout voltage Extremely tight load and line regulation Very low temperature coefficient Use as Regulator or Reference Needs minimum capacitance for stability Current and Thermal Limiting Stable with low-ESR output capacitors (10mΩ to 6Ω) Error flag warns of output dropout Logic-controlled electronic shutdown Output programmable from 1.24 to 29V Ordering Information NS Part Number SMD Part Number NS Package Number Package Description JL2951BPA 5962–3870501BPA J08A 8LD Ceramic DIP Connection Diagrams Dual-In-Line Packages (J) 20168126 Top View © 2010 National Semiconductor Corporation 201681 www.national.com LP2951JAN Series of Adjustable Micropower Voltage Regulators November 30, 2010 LP2951JAN Block Diagram 20168101 www.national.com 2 LP2951JAN 20168123 Schematic Diagram 3 www.national.com LP2951JAN Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Input Supply Voltage Shutdown Input Voltage (Note 3) Error Comparator Output Voltage (Note 3) Feedback Input Voltage (Note 3), (Note 4) Power Dissipation (Note 2) Ceramic DIP Junction Temperature (TJ) Ambient Storage Temperature Range −0.3 to +30V −0.3 to +30V −0.3 to +30V −1.5 to +30V 1.0 W @ 25°C +160°C −65°C ≤ TA ≤ +150°C −55°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C 260°C Ambient Operating Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 Seconds) Thermal Resistance θJA Ceramic DIP (Still Air @ 0.5W) Ceramic DIP (500LF/Min Air flow @ 0.5W) 131°C/W 75°C/W θJC Ceramic DIP ESD Rating (Note 5) 21°C/W 500V Quality Conformance Inspection Mil-Std-883, Method 5005 - Group A Subgroup Description Temp (°C) 1 Static tests at +25 2 Static tests at +125 3 Static tests at -55 4 Dynamic tests at +25 5 Dynamic tests at +125 6 Dynamic tests at -55 7 Functional tests at +25 8A Functional tests at +125 8B Functional tests at -55 9 Switching tests at +25 10 Switching tests at +125 11 Switching tests at -55 12 Settling time at +25 13 Settling time at +125 14 Settling time at -55 www.national.com 4 DC Parameters The following conditions apply, unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter VIN = 6V, IL = −100µA, CL = 3.3µF, VO = 5V (Nominal), VSD = 0.6V Conditions Notes Subgroups Min Max Units 4.975 5.025 V 1 4.94 5.06 V 2, 3 VO Output Voltage VO Line Line Regulation 6V ≤ VIN ≤ 30V, IL = -1mA -5.0 5.0 mV 1 -25 25 mV 2, 3 VO Load Load Regulation -100µA ≤ IL ≤ -100mA, -5.0 5.0 mV 1 -25 25 mV 2, 3 450 mV 1 600 mV 2, 3 IL = -100mA VD Dropout Voltage IL = -100mA, IG Ground Current VO = 15V, VIN = 30V VIN = 30V, VO = 15V 80 mV 1 150 mV 2, 3 12 mA 1 2, 3 14 mA 120 µA 1 140 µA 2, 3 120 µA 1 140 µA 2, 3 15 mA 1 2, 3 20 mA -30 30 µA 1 -50 50 µA 2, 3 170 µA 1 200 µA 2, 3 IG Diff Ground Current Change 6V ≤ VIN ≤ 30V, IGDO Dropout Ground Current VIN = 4.5V, VTh L Error Comparator Lower Threshold Voltage 0.0 0.8 mV 1, 2, 3 VTh U Error Comparator Upper Threshold Voltage 2.0 30 mV 1, 2, 3 θR Thermal Regulation -12.5 12.5 mV 1 ISC Current Limit 200 mA 1 220 mA 2, 3 IGSC Ground Current At Current Limit VO = 0V, 20 mA 1 25 mA 2, 3 VRef Reference Voltage 1.22 1.25 V 1 1.20 1.26 V 2, 3 VR Line Reference Voltage Line Regulation 2.3V ≤ VIN ≤ 30V -1.9 1.9 mV 1 -10 10 mV 2, 3 VR Load Reference Voltage Output Regulation 1.2V ≤ VO ≤ 29V, VIN = 30V -1.2 1.2 mV 1 -5.0 5.0 mV 2, 3 IFB Feedback Pin Bias Current 40 nA 1 60 nA 2, 3 IOH Error Comparator Output Leakage Current VO = 30V 1.0 µA 1 2.0 µA 2, 3 VOL Error Comparator Output Low Voltage VIN = 4.5V, VSD = 2V 250 mV 1 400 mV 2, 3 VIN = 30V, IL = -50mA, 2mS ≤ T ≤ 10mS VO = 0V, 5 www.national.com LP2951JAN JL2951 Electrical Characteristics LP2951JAN Symbol Parameter Conditions Notes Min VSD = 2.4V ISD Shutdown Pin Input Current VSD = 30V VSDL Shutdown Input Logic Voltage Low (Note 6) VSDH Shutdown Input Logic Voltage High (Note 6) ILKG Regular Output Bias Current In Shutdown VSD = 2V, VIN = 30V, IL = 0mA Max Units Subgroups 50 µA 1 100 µA 2, 3 600 µA 1 750 µA 2, 3 0.6 V 1, 2, 3 V 1, 2, 3 2.0 -10 10 µA 1 -20 20 µA 2, 3 AC Parameters The following conditions apply, unless otherwise specified. Symbol RR VNoise Max Units Subgroups dB 4 CL = 1µF 600 µVRMS 7 CL = 3.3µF 250 µVRMS 7 Parameter Ripple Rejection Output Noise VIN = 6V, CL = 3.3µF, VSD = 0.6V Conditions ƒ = 120Hz, VIN = 0.1VRMS Notes Min 50 Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions. Note 2: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJmax (maximum junction temperature), θJA (package junction to ambient thermal resistance), and TA (ambient temperature). The maximum allowable power dissipation at any temperature is PDmax = (TJmax - TA)/ θJA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. Note 3: May exceed input supply voltage. Note 4: When used in dual-supply systems where the output terminal sees loads returned to a negative supply, the output voltage should be diode-clamped to ground. Note 5: Human body model, 1.5 kΩ in series with 100 pF. Note 6: Parameter tested go-no-go only. www.national.com 6 LP2951JAN Typical Performance Characteristics Quiescent Current Dropout Characteristics 20168128 20168127 Input Current Input Current 20168129 20168130 Output Voltage vs. Temperature of 3 Representative Units Quiescent Current 20168132 20168131 7 www.national.com LP2951JAN Quiescent Current Quiescent Current 20168133 20168134 Quiescent Current Short Circuit Current 20168135 20168136 Dropout Voltage Dropout Voltage 20168138 20168137 www.national.com 8 LP2951JAN Minimum Operating Voltage Feedback Bias Current 20168139 20168140 Feedback Pin Current Error Comparator Output 20168142 20168141 Comparator Sink Current Line Transient Response 20168143 20168144 9 www.national.com LP2951JAN Load Transient Response Load Transient Response 20168145 20168146 Enable Transient Output Impedance 20168148 20168147 Ripple Rejection Ripple Rejection 20168149 www.national.com 20168150 10 LP2951JAN Ripple Rejection Output Noise 20168151 20168152 Divider Resistance Shutdown Threshold Voltage 20168153 20168154 Line Regulation Maximum Rated Output Current 20168156 20168155 11 www.national.com LP2951JAN Thermal Response Output Capacitor ESR Range 20168158 20168163 Application Hints increasing the output capacitor to at least 3.3μF will fix this problem. EXTERNAL CAPACITORS A 1.0μF (or greater) capacitor is required between the output and ground for stability at output voltages of 5V or more. At lower output voltages, more capacitance is required (2.2μF or more is recommended for 3V and 3.3V versions). Without this capacitor the part will oscillate. Most types of tantalum or aluminum electrolytics work fine here; even film types work but are not recommended for reasons of cost. Many aluminum electrolytics have electrolytes that freeze at about −30°C, so solid tantalums are recommended for operation below −25° C. The important parameters of the capacitor are an ESR of about 5Ω or less and a resonant frequency above 500kHz. The value of this capacitor may be increased without limit. Ceramic capacitors whose value is greater than 1000pF should not be connected directly from the LP2951 output to ground. Ceramic capacitors typically have ESR values in the range of 5 to 10mΩ, a value below the lower limit for stable operation (see curve Output Capacitor ESR Range). The reason for the lower ESR limit is that the loop compensation of the part relies on the ESR of the output capacitor to provide the zero that gives added phase lead. The ESR of ceramic capacitors is so low that this phase lead does not occur, significantly reducing phase margin. A ceramic output capacitor can be used if a series resistance is added (recommended value of resistance about 0.1Ω to 2Ω). At lower values of output current, less output capacitance is required for stability. The capacitor can be reduced to 0.33μF for currents below 10mA or 0.1μF for currents below 1mA. Using the adjustable versions at voltages below 5V runs the error amplifier at lower gains so that more output capacitance is needed. For the worst-case situation of a 100mA load at 1.23V output (Output shorted to Feedback) a 3.3μF (or greater) capacitor should be used. When setting the output voltage of the LP2951 with external resistors, a minimum load of 1μA is recommended. A 1μF tantalum, ceramic or aluminum electrolytic capacitor should be placed from the LP2951 input to ground if there is more than 10 inches of wire between the input and the AC filter capacitor or if a battery is used as the input. Stray capacitance to the LP2951 Feedback terminal can cause instability. This may especially be a problem when using high value external resistors to set the output voltage. Adding a 100pF capacitor between Output and Feedback and ERROR DETECTION COMPARATOR OUTPUT The comparator produces a logic low output whenever the LP2951 output falls out of regulation by more than approximately 5%. This figure is the comparator's built-in offset of about 60mV divided by the 1.235 reference voltage. (Refer to the block diagram in the front of the datasheet.) This trip level remains “5% below normal” regardless of the programmed output voltage of the 2951. For example, the error flag trip level is typically 4.75V for a 5V output or 11.4V for a 12V output. The out of regulation condition may be due either to low input voltage, current limiting, or thermal limiting. Figure 1 below gives a timing diagram depicting the ERROR signal and the regulated output voltage as the LP2951 input is ramped up and down. For 5V versions, the ERROR signal becomes valid (low) at about 1.3V input. It goes high at about 5V input (the input voltage at which VOUT = 4.75V). Since the LP2951's dropout voltage is load-dependent (see curve in typical performance characteristics), the input voltage trip point (about 5V) will vary with the load current. The output voltage trip point (approx. 4.75V) does not vary with load. The error comparator has an open-collector output which requires an external pullup resistor. This resistor may be returned to the output or some other supply voltage depending on system requirements. In determining a value for this resistor, note that while the output is rated to sink 400μA, this sink current adds to battery drain in a low battery condition. Suggested values range from 100k to 1 MΩ. The resistor is not required if this output is unused. www.national.com 20168120 12 LP2951JAN *When VIN ≤ 1.3V, the error flag pin becomes a high impedance, and the error flag voltage rises to its pull-up voltage. Using VOUT as the pull-up voltage (see Figure 2), rather than an external 5V source, will keep the error flag voltage under 1.2V (typ.) in this condition. The user may wish to divide down the error flag voltage using equal-value resistors (10kΩ suggested), to ensure a low-level logic signal during any fault condition, while still allowing a valid high logic level during normal operation. The complete equation for the output voltage is where VREF is the nominal 1.235 reference voltage and IFB is the feedback pin bias current, nominally −20nA. The minimum recommended load current of 1μA forces an upper limit of 1.2 MΩ on the value of R2, if the regulator must work with no load (a condition often found in CMOS in standby). IFB will produce a 2% typical error in VOUT which may be eliminated at room temperature by trimming R1. For better accuracy, choosing R2 = 100k reduces this error to 0.17% while increasing the resistor program current to 12μA. Since the LP2951 typically draws 60μA at no load with Pin 2 open-circuited, this is a small price to pay. FIGURE 1. ERROR Output Timing PROGRAMMING THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE (LP2951) The LP2951 may be pin-strapped for the nominal fixed output voltage using its internal voltage divider by tying the output and sense pins together, and also tying the feedback and VTAP pins together. Alternatively, it may be programmed for any output voltage between its 1.235V reference and its 30V maximum rating. As seen in Figure 2, an external pair of resistors is required. 20168107 *See Application Hints **Drive with TTL-high to shut down. Ground or leave open if shutdown feature is not to be used. Note: Pins 2 and 6 are left open. FIGURE 2. Adjustable Regulator or about 0.01μF. When doing this, the output capacitor must be increased to 3.3μF to maintain stability. These changes reduce the output noise from 430μV to 100μV rms for a 100kHz bandwidth at 5V output. With the bypass capacitor added, noise no longer scales with output voltage so that improvements are more dramatic at higher output voltages. REDUCING OUTPUT NOISE In reference applications it may be advantageous to reduce the AC noise present at the output. One method is to reduce the regulator bandwidth by increasing the size of the output capacitor. Noise can be reduced fourfold by a bypass capacitor across R1, since it reduces the high frequency gain from 4 to unity. Pick 13 www.national.com LP2951JAN Typical Applications 1A Regulator with 1.2V Dropout 20168122 300mA Regulator with 0.75V Dropout 20168121 Wide Input Voltage Range Current Limiter 20168109 *Minimum input-output voltage ranges from 40mV to 400mV, depending on load current. Current limit is typically 160mA. www.national.com 14 LP2951JAN Low Drift Current Source 20168108 Regulator with Early Warning and Auxiliary Output 20168111 ■ Early warning flag on low input voltage ■ Main output latches off at lower input voltages ■ Battery backup on auxiliary output ■ Operation: Reg. #1's Vout is programmed one diode drop above 5V. Its error flag becomes active when Vin ≤ 5.7V. When Vin drops below 5.3V, the error flag of Reg. #2 becomes active and via Q1 latches the main output off. When Vin again exceeds 5.7V Reg. #1 is back in regulation and the early warning signal rises, unlatching Reg. #2 via D3. 15 www.national.com LP2951JAN Latch Off When Error Flag Occurs 20168112 2 Ampere Low Dropout Regulator 20168113 For 5Vout, use internal resistors. Wire pin 6 to 7, & wire pin 2 to +Vout Bus. www.national.com 16 LP2951JAN 5V Regulator with 2.5V Sleep Function 20168114 *High input lowers Vout to 2.5V Open Circuit Detector for 4 → 20mA Current Loop 20168115 17 www.national.com LP2951JAN Regulator with State-of-Charge Indicator 20168116 *Optional Latch off when drop out occurs. Adjust R3 for C2 Switching when Vin is 6.0V. **Outputs go low when Vin drops below designated thresholds. Low Battery Disconnect 20168117 For values shown, Regulator shuts down when Vin < 5.5V and turns on again at 6.0V. Current drain in disconnected mode is ≈ 150μA. *Sets disconnect Voltage **Sets disconnect Hysteresis www.national.com 18 LP2951JAN System Overtemperature Protection Circuit 20168118 LM34 for 125°F Shutdown LM35 for 125°C Shutdown 19 www.national.com LP2951JAN Revision History Released Revision 11/30/2010 A www.national.com Section Changes New Release, Corporate format 20 1 MDS data sheet converted into one Corp. data sheet format. MJLP2951-X Rev 1B1 will be archived. LP2951JAN Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted Ceramic Dual-In-Line Package (J) NS Package Number J08A 21 www.national.com LP2951JAN Series of Adjustable Micropower Voltage Regulators Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: www.national.com Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH® Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage References www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy www.national.com/powerwise Applications & Markets www.national.com/solutions Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero PowerWise® Solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors SolarMagic™ www.national.com/solarmagic PLL/VCO www.national.com/wireless www.national.com/training PowerWise® Design University THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. 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