AMC2596 150 KHz, 3A STEP DOWN VOLTAGE REGULATOR w w w. a d d m t e k . c o m DESCRIPTION FEATURES The AMC2596 series are highly integrated step down voltage regulator capable of driving a 3A load with extremely regulated output voltages over line & load regulation. These devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V. 5V and an adjustable output versions. These regulators require a minimum number of external components and are simpler to use by an internal frequency compensation and a fixed – frequency oscillator. By operating a switching frequency of 150KHz, the AMC2596 series require smaller sized filter components. This feature makes the application design more cost effective than lower frequency switch regulators. A standard 5-lead TO-220 150 KHz fixed frequency internal oscillator Guaranteed 3A output load current Input voltage range up to 40V 3.3V, 5V and adjustable output versions Adjustable version output voltage range, 1.2V to 37V ±4% max over line and load conditions Requires only 4 external components Excellent line and load regulation specifications Available in TO-220 and TO-263 packages TTL shutdown capability Low power standby mode, IQ typically 80 µA High efficiency Thermal shutdown and current limit protection package with several different lead bend options, and a 5-lead TO-263 surface mount package is available The AMC2596 series feature a guaranteed ±4% tolerance of output voltage over input to output load conditions. APPLICATIONS PACKAGE PIN OUT Portable DVD players On-card switching regulators Simple high-efficiency step-down (buck) regulator 5-Pin Plastic TO-220B (Top View) VOLTAGE OPTIONS 3.3V Fixed 5.0V Fixed Adjustable Output AMC2596-3.3 AMC2596-5.0 AMC2596-ADJ 5. Enable 4. FB 3. GND 2. VOUT 1. VIN 5. Enable 4. FB 3. GND 2. VOUT 1. VIN 5-Pin Plastic TO-220B (Side View) 5-Pin Plastic TO-263 Surface Mount (Top View) 5. Enable 4. FB 3. GND 2. VOUT 1. VIN 5-Pin Plastic TO-220 (Top View) ORDER INFORMATION TA ( °OC ) -40 to 125°C Note： Plastic TO-220 5-pin AMC2596-ADJPF AMC2596-X.XPF P Plastic TO-220B 5-pin AMC2596-ADJPBF AMC2596-X.XPBF PB Plastic TO-263 5-pin AMC2596-ADJDDF AMC2596-X.XDDF DD 1.All surface-mount packages are available in Tape & Reel. Append the letter “T” to part number (i.e. AMC2596-X.XDDFT). 2.The letter “F” is marked for Lead Free process. Copyright 2005 ADD Microtech Corp. 1 AMC2596_A (LF) May 2005 AMC2596 TYPICAL APPLICATION 7V – 40V DC INPUT 4 FB 1 AMC2596-X.X VIN 2 VOUT GND CIN 680uF 3 L1 33 uH ENABLE 5 IN5824 OUTPUT COUT 220uF Fixed Output Voltage Version FB 4 7V – 40V DC INPUT 1 VIN AMC2596-ADJ VOUT GND 3 2 CIN 680uF OUTPUT L1 33uH ENABLE 5 IN5824 R2 COUT 220uF R1 Adjustable Output Voltage Version Where VREF = 1.23V, R1 between 1K and 5K ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Note 1) Maximum Supply Voltage ON/OFF Pin Input Voltage Feedback Pin Voltage Output Voltage to Ground (Steady State) Power dissipation Storage Temperature Range ESD Susceptibility --- Human Body Model (Note 2) 45V -0.3≦V≦+25V -0.3≦V≦+25V -1V Internally limited -65°C to +150°C 2kV +215°C +245°C +260°C +150°C Surface Mount Package--- Vapor Phase (60 sec.) --- Infrared (10 sec.) Through Hole Package (Soldering, 10 sec.) Maximum Junction Temperature, Tj Note: Exceeding these ratings could cause damage to the device. All voltages are with respect to Ground. Currents are positive into, negative out of the specified terminal. Copyright 2005 ADD Microtech Corp. 2 AMC2596_A (LF) May 2005 AMC2596 THERMAL DATA P,PB, DD PACKAGE: Thermal Resistance-Junction to Tab, θJT Thermal Resistance-Junction to Ambient, θJA 3.0°C /W 45°C /W Junction Temperature Calculation: TJ = TA + (PD × θ JA). The θJA numbers are guidelines for the thermal performance of the device/pc-board system. All of the above assume no ambient airflow. BLOCK DIAGRAM VIN 1 Thermal Shutdown & Current Limit 150KHz Oscillator FB 4 R2* R1* GND 3 Regulator With Enable 5 ENABLE 2 VOUT Comparator Driver Error Amplifier 1.23V Reference Reset VOUT = 3.3V : R2/R1 = 1.7 VOUT = 5.0V : R2/R1 = 3.1 VOUT = Adjustable : R2 = 0, R1 = Open Copyright 2005 ADD Microtech Corp. 3 AMC2596_A (LF) May 2005 AMC2596 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS -40°C≦TJ≦+125°C 4.5V to 40V Temperature Range Supply Voltage ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 0.5A and the operating ambient temperatures TJ = 25°C. Parameter Output Voltage Efficiency Output Voltage Efficiency Feedback Voltage Efficiency AMC2596-3.3 AMC2596-5.0 AMC2596-ADJ Feedback Bias Current Symbol VOUT η VOUT η VFB Conditions 4.75V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V, 0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 3A 7V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V, 0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 3A 4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V, 0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 3A 3.3 3.342 73 4.800 5.0 V % 5.200 V 80 % 1.193 1.230 1.267 V % VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 3A (Note 3) 73 Ib Adjustable Version Only, VFB =1.3V 10 50 nA 150 173 KHz 1.16 1.4 V Saturation Voltage VSAT IOUT = 3A (Note 5,6) Max Duty Cycle (ON) Min Duty Cycle (OFF) Current Limit ILIMIT Output Leakage Current ILEAK ENABLE Pin Input Current 3.168 η (Note 4) ENABLE Pin Threshold Voltage Max Units VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 3A (Note 3) fOSC Standby Current Typ VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 3A (Note 3) Oscillator Frequency Quiescent Current Min DC IQ 127 (Note 8,9) Peak Current (Note 5,6) 3.6 Output = 0V (Note 5,7) 100 0 4.5 6.9 A 50 µA 30 mA 5 10 mA 80 200 µA 0.6 V 2 Output = -1V (Note 8) (Note 9) % ISTBY ENABLE pin=5V (OFF) (Note 8) VIH Low(Regulator ON) VIL High(Regulator OFF) IH VLOGIC=2.5V(Regulator OFF) 5 15 µA IL VLOGIC=0.5V(Regulator OFF) 0.02 5 µA 2.0 Note 1：Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. Note 2：The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5K resister into each pin. Note 3：External components such as the catch diode, inductor, input and output capacitors, and voltage programming resistors can affect switching regulator system performance. When the AMC2596 is used as shown in the Figure 1 test circuit, system performance will be as shown in system parameters section of Electrical Characteristics. Note 4：The switching frequency is reduced when the second stage current limit is activated. The amount of reduction is determined by the severity of current over-load. Note 5：No diode, inductor or capacitor connected to output pin. Note 6：Feedback pin removed from output and connected to 0V to force the output transistor switch ON. Note 7：Feedback pin removed from output and connected to 12V for the 3.3V, 5V, and the ADJ. version, and 15Vfor the 12V version, to force the output transistor switch OFF. Note 8：VIN＝40V Copyright 2005 ADD Microtech Corp. 4 AMC2596_A (LF) May 2005 AMC2596 CHARACTERIZATION CURVES Typical application circuit, TJ =25°C, unless otherwise specified. Line Regulation Line Regulation Voltagevs. v.s Temperature Temperature OutputOutput Voltage 5.04 5.05 5.04 5.03 5.02 5.01 5 4.99 4.98 4.97 4.96 4.95 4.94 4.93 4.92 4.91 4.9 O u t p u t V o lt a g e (V ) 5.035 V O U T (V ) 5.03 5.025 5.02 5.015 5.01 5.005 5 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V ILOAD = 0.5A 80 -40 VIN (V) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Temp (oC) Saturation vs.Load Load Current SaturationVoltage Voltage v.s Current Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage Quiescent Current v.s Input Voltage 20 3 Q uies c ent Current (uA ) 18 2.5 TJ = 125°C 2 I L O A D (A ) -20 1.5 1 TJ = 25°C 0.5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 VOUT = 5V 16 ILOAD = 3A 14 12 10 8 ILOAD = 200mA 6 4 2 0 3 7 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Input Voltage (V) Saturation Voltage (V) Dropout Voltage vs. Temperature Dropout Voltage v.s Temperature Standby vs. Temperature StandbyCurrent Current v.s Temperature 100 2.4 VIN = 40V 80 2.2 ILOAD = 3A 2 D r o p o u t V o lt a g e (V ) S t a n d b y C u rre n t (u A ) 90 70 60 50 VIN = 12V 40 30 20 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 ILOAD = 0.5A 0.6 0.4 10 0.2 0 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -40 120 Copyright 2005 ADD Microtech Corp. -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Temp (oC) Temp (oC) 5 AMC2596_A (LF) May 2005 AMC2596 CHARACTERIZATION CURVES (continued) Typical application circuit, TJ =25°C, unless otherwise specified. Load Transient Response 5V 200mV/ Div VOUT 1A/ Div 3A 0.5A ILOAD Time:100µs/ Div Copyright 2005 ADD Microtech Corp. 6 AMC2596_A (LF) May 2005 AMC2596 APPLICATION INFORMATION Input Capacitors (CIN) It is required that VIN must be bypassed with at least a 100µF electrolytic capacitor for stability. Also, it is strongly recommended the capacitor’s leads must be dept short, and located near the regulator as possible. For low operating temperature range, for example, below -25°C, the input capacitor value may need to be larger. This is due to the reason that the capacitance value of electrolytic capacitors decreases and the ESR increases with lower temperatures and age. Paralleling a ceramic or solid tantalum capacitor will increase the regulator stability at cold temperatures. Output Capacitors (COUT) An output capacitor is also required to filter the output voltage and is needed for loop stability. The capacitor should be located near the AMC2596 using short PC board traces. Low ESR types capacitors are recommended for low output ripple voltage and good stability. Generally, low value or low voltage (less than 12V) electrolytic capacitors usually have higher ESR numbers. For example, the lower capacitor values (220µF–1000µF) will yield typically 50 mV to 150 mV of output ripple voltage, while larger-value capacitors will reduce the ripple to approximately 20 mV to 50 mV. The amount of output ripple voltage is primarily a function of the ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) of the output capacitor and the amplitude of the inductor ripple current (∆IIND). Output Ripple Voltage = (∆IIND) × (ESR of COUT) Some capacitors called “high-frequency,” “low-inductance,” or “low-ESR.” are recommended to use to further reduce the output ripple voltage to 10 mV or 20 mV. However, very low ESR capacitors, such as Tantalum capacitors, should be carefully evaluated. Output Voltage Ripple and Transients The output ripple voltage is due mainly to the inductor sawtooth ripple current multiplied by the ESR of the output capacitor. The output voltage of a switching power supply will contain a sawtooth ripple voltage at the switcher frequency, typically about 1% of the output voltage, and may also contain short voltage spikes at the peaks of the sawtooth waveform. Due to the fast switching action, and the parasitic inductance of the output filter capacitor, there is voltage spikes presenting at the peaks of the sawtooth waveform. Cautions must be taken for stray capacitance, wiring inductance, and even the scope probes used for transients evaluation. To minimize these voltage spikes, shortening the lead length and PCB traces is always the first thought. Further more, an additional small LC filter (3µH & 180µF) (as shown in Figure 3) will possibly provide a 10X reduction in output ripple voltage and transients. AMC2596-ADJ FB 4 L2 1 V IN 7V – 40V DC INPUT GND CIN 3 3uH VOUT 2 ENABLE L1 5 68uH 470uH COUT 1000µF R2 50K R1 1.21K OUTPUT C1 180uF Figure 3. LC Filter for Low Output Ripple Copyright 2005 ADD Microtech Corp. 7 AMC2596_A (LF) May 2005 AMC2596 APPLICATION INFORMATION (continued) Inductor Selection The AMC2596 can be used for either continuous or discontinuous modes of operation. Each mode has distinctively different operating characteristics, which can affect the regulator performance and requirements. With relatively heavy load currents, the circuit operates in the continuous mode (inductor current always flowing), but under light load conditions, the circuit will be forced to the discontinuous mode (inductor current falls to zero for a period of time). For light loads (less than approximately 300 mA) it may be desirable to operate the regulator in the discontinuous mode, primarily because of the lower inductor values required for the discontinuous mode. Inductors are available in different styles such as pot core, toroid, E-frame, bobbin core, et., as well as different core materials, such as ferrites and powdered iron. The least expensive, the bobbin core type, consists of wire wrapped on a ferrite rod core. This type of construction makes for an inexpensive inductor, but since the magnetic flux is not completely contained within the core, it generates more electromagnetic interference (EMI). This EMI can cause problems in sensitive circuits, or can give incorrect scope readings because of induced voltages in the scope probe. An inductor should not be operated beyond its maximum rated current because it may saturate. When an inductor begins to saturate, the inductance decreases rapidly and the inductor begins to look mainly resistive (the DC resistance of the winding). This will cause the switch current to rise very rapidly. Different inductor types have different saturation characteristics, and this should be well considered when selecting as inductor. Catch Diode This diode is required to provide a return path for the inductor current when the switch is off. It should be located close to the AMC2596 using short leads and short printed circuit traces as possible. To satisfy the need of fast switching speed and low forward voltage drop, Schottky diodes are widely used to provide the best efficiency, especially in low output voltage switching regulators (less than 5V). Besides, fast-Recovery, high-efficiency, or ultra-fast recovery diodes are also suitable. But some types with an abrupt turn-off characteristic may cause instability and EMI problems. A fast-recovery diode with soft recovery characteristics is a better choice. Feedback Connection For fixed output voltage version, the FB (feedback) pin must be connected to VOUT. For the adjustable version, it is important to place the output voltage ratio resistors near AMC2596 as possible in order to minimize the noise introduction. ENABLE It is required that the ENABLE must not be left open. For normal operation, connect this pin to a “LOW” voltage (typically, below 1.6V). On the other hand, for standby mode, connect this pin with a “HIGH” voltage. This pin can be safely pulled up to +VIN without a resistor in series with it. Grounding To maintain output voltage stability, the power ground connections must be low-impedance. For the 5-lead TO-220 and TO-263 style package, both the tab and pin 3 are ground and either connection may be used. Heat Sink and Thermal Consideration Although the AMC2596 requires only a small heat sink for most cases, the following thermal consideration is important for all operation. With the package thermal resistances θJA and θJC, total power dissipation can be estimated as follows: PD = (VIN × IQ)+(VOUT / VIN)(ILOAD × VSAT); When no heat sink is used, the junction temperature rise can be determined by the following: ∆TJ = PD × θJA; With the ambient temperature, the actual junction temperature will be: TJ = ∆TJ +TA ; If the actual operating junction temperature is out of the safe operating junction temperature (typically 125°C), then a Copyright 2005 ADD Microtech Corp. 8 AMC2596_A (LF) May 2005 AMC2596 heat sink is required. When using a heat sink, the junction temperature rise will be reduced by the following: ∆TJ = PD × (θJC + θinterface + θHeat sink); As one can see from the above, it is important to choose an heat sink with adequate size and thermal resistance, such that to maintain the regulator’s junction temperature below the maximum operating temperature. Copyright 2005 ADD Microtech Corp. 9 AMC2596_A (LF) May 2005 AMC2596 PACKAGE Symbol X.X : Output Voltage Options 3.3 = 3.3V, 5.0 = 5.0V, ADJ= Adjustable P : Package P= TO-220, PB= TO-220B, DD= TO-263 2596-X.XP FYYWW YYWW: Date Code YY = Year, WW = Weeks Example: 0412 means Year 2004, week 12 F: Lead Free 5-Pin Plastic TO-220 (P) S B C T A B C D F G J K N R S T F A K D R G N INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX 0.560 0.650 14.23 16.51 0.380 0.420 9.66 10.66 0.140 0.190 3.56 4.82 0.018 0.035 0.46 0.89 0.140 0.160 3.56 4.06 0.134 3.40 0.012 0.045 0.31 1.14 0.500 0.580 12.70 14.73 0.268 TYP 6.80 TYP 0.080 0.115 2.04 2.92 0.045 0.055 1.14 1.39 0.230 0.270 5.85 6.85 J 5-Pin Surface Mount TO-263 (DD) C A D I A B C D E F G I K L M N B K N M L F E G Copyright 2005 ADD Microtech Corp. 10 MIN 0.395 0.325 0.171 0.045 0.013 0.029 0.062 0.575 0.090 INCHES TYP - 7° 3° MAX 0.420 0.361 0.181 0.055 0.017 0.035 0.072 0.065 0.635 0.110 MILLIMETERS MIN TYP MAX 10.03 10.67 8.25 9.17 4.34 4.59 1.14 1.40 0.330 0.432 0.737 0.889 1.57 1.83 1.65 14.60 16.13 2.29 2.79 7° 3° AMC2596_A (LF) May 2005 AMC2596 5-Pin Plastic TO-220B (PB) A I B f z1 f1 M c c1 d1 z4 H J z2 z3 K d3 d2 e1 N L e2 O z5 e3 Copyright 2005 ADD Microtech Corp. 11 MILLIMETERS MIN TYP MAX A 0.380 0.401 0.420 B 0.248 c 0.348 0.358 0.368 c1 0.167 d1 0.138 d2 0.154 d3 0.213 e1 0.134 e2 0.268 e3 0.032 f 0.151 f1 0.039 G 0.048 0.05 0.052 H 0.996 I 0.175 0.180 0.185 J 0.965 K 0.105 L 0.164 0.173 0.182 M 0.05 N 0.013 0.015 0.025 O 0.322 0.331 0.340 z1 7° z2 7° z3 7° z4 5° Z5 5° MIN TYP MAX 9.65 10.20 10.65 6.30 8.85 9.10 9.35 4.25 3.50 3.90 5.40 3.40 6.80 0.81 3.84 1.00 1.22 1.27 1.32 25.30 4.44 4.57 4.70 24.50 2.67 4.17 4.40 4.63 1.27 0.33 0.381 0.63 8.17 8.40 8.63 7° 7° 7° 5° 5° AMC2596_A (LF) May 2005 Product Preview INCHES G AMC2596 IMPORTANT NOTICE ADD Microtech (ADDM) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any integrated circuit product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current. A few applications using integrated circuit products may involve potential risks of death, personal injury, or severe property or environmental damage. ADDM integrated circuit products are not designed, intended, authorized, or warranted to be suitable for use in life-support applications, devices or systems or other critical applications. Use of ADDM products in such applications is understood to be fully at the risk of the customer. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, the customer should provide adequate design and operating safeguards. ADDM assumes to no liability to customer product design or application support. ADDM warrants the performance of its products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale. U.S. Asia Pacific region ADD Microtech Inc. 492 Altamont Drive Milpitas, CA 95035 ADD Microtech Corp 13F, NO. 287, Sec. 3, Nan Jing E. Rd., Taipei, Taiwan 105 TEL: (408) 9410420 FAX: (408) 9410864 TEL: 2-27132800 FAX: 2-27132805 Copyright 2005 ADD Microtech Corp. 12 AMC2596_A (LF) May 2005