3A Step-Down Voltage Regulator AMS2596 GENERAL DESCRIPTION FEATURES The AMS2596 Series are step-down switching regulators with all required active functions. It is capable of driving 2.5A load with excellent line and load regulations. These devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 12V and an adjustable output version. 3.3V, 5V, 12Vand adjustable versions Wide input voltage range, up to 40V Internal oscillator of 150KHz fixed frequency Guaranteed 2.5A output current Wide adjust version output voltage range from 1.23V to 37V ±4% max. at over line and The AMS2596 series offers a high-efficiency replacement for popular three-terminal linear regulators. Also it requires a minimum number of external components. It substantially not only reduces the area of board size but also the size of heat sink, and in some cases no heat sink is required. The ±4% tolerance on output voltage within specified input voltages and output load conditions is guaranteed. Also, the oscillator frequency accuracy is within ±15%. External shutdown is included. Featuring 80µA (typical) standby current. The output switch includes cycle-by-cycle current limiting, as well as thermal shutdown for full protection under fault conditions. load conditions Low standby current, typ. 80µA, at shutdown mode Requires only 4 external components Thermal shutdown and current limit protection APPLICATIONS This series are offered in 5-pin TO-263, TO-220 package. LCD Monitors. ADD-ON Cards Switching Regulators High Efficiency Step-Down Regulators Efficient Pre-regulator for Linear Regulators Positive to Negative converter (Buck-Boost) Block Diagram DC Input Enable Vin Internal Regulator 1 + Enable 5 4 Feed Back Fixed Gain Error amp. Comparator R2 + R1 1K - 2.5Amp. Driver Switch + - 2 1.23V Band-Gap Reference 150KHz Oscillator Reset 3 Current Limited 1 Advanced Monolithic Systems http://www.ams-semitech.com L1 + Cout D1 LOAD Thermal Shutdown Output AMS2596 Ordering Information Operating Temp. (Ambient) Part No. AMS2596T-XX AMS2596T-ADJ AMS2596S-ADJ AMS2596S-XX Package TO-220-5L -20 ~ +85℃ TO-263-5L Note: Where XX denotes voltage option, Available are 12V, 5V and 3.3V. Leave blank for adjustable version. Contact factory for additional voltage options. Pin assignment 1. Input 2. Output 3. Ground 4. Feedback 5. Enable TO-220 TO-263 Absolute Maximum Ratings Input voltage ENABLE Pin Input Voltage Vin +45 V Vin (operate) -0.3V ≤ V ≤ Vin V PD Internal Limited W TJ -40 ~ +150 ℃ TSTG -65 ~ +150 ℃ 10 S Power Dissipation Operating Junction Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Lead Soldering Temperature (260℃) TO-220-5L / TO-263-5L Package 2 Advanced Monolithic Systems http://www.ams-semitech.com AMS2596 Electrical Characteristics Vin = 12V, IL= 500mA, Ta = 25oC unless otherwise specified. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Vin=12V, IL=0.5A (Figure 1) 0.98|Vo| 3.3 1.02|Vo| 0.5A ≤IL ≤2.5A, 6V ≤Vin ≤45V 0.96|Vo| Unit AMS2596-3.3V Output Voltage (Note 1) Output Voltage (Note 1) Efficiency 1.04|Vo| V % (Figure 1) Vin=12V, IL=2.5A -- 75 -- Vin=12V, IL=0.5A(Figure 1) 0.98|Vo| 5.0 1.02|Vo| 0.5A ≤IL ≤2.5A, 8V ≤Vin ≤45V 0.96|Vo| AMS2596-5V Output Voltage (Note 1) Output Voltage (Note 1) Efficiency 1.04|Vo| V % (Figure 1) Vin=12V, IL=2.5A -- 77 -- Vin=25V, IL=0.5A (Figure 1) 0.98|Vo| 12 1.02|Vo| 0.5A ≤IL ≤2.5A, 15V ≤Vin ≤45V 0.96|Vo| AMS2596-12V Output Voltage (Note 1) Output Voltage(Note 1) Efficiency 1.04|Vo| V % (Figure 1) Vin=15V, IL=2.5A -- 88 -- 0.98|Vo| 1.23 1.02|Vo| AMS2596 Feedback Voltage Vin=12V, Vout=5V,IL=0.5A (Note 1) (Figure 2) Feedback Voltage 0.5A ≤IL ≤2.5A, 8V ≤Vin ≤45V, (Note 1) Vout=5V (Figure 2) Efficiency Vin=12V, Vout=5V, IL=2.5A 0.96|Vo| -- 1.04|Vo| 77 -- 3 Advanced Monolithic Systems http://www.ams-semitech.com V % AMS2596 All Output Voltage Version (Vin=12V for 5V, 3.3V and Adjustable version, Vin=25V for 12V version, IL= 500mA) Oscillator Frequency (Note 2) 127 Quiescent Current (Note 3) Standby Current ENABLE =5V Saturation Voltage (Note 4) ILOAD=2.5A Feedback Bias Current VOUT=5V (Adj. Version only) Duty Cycle (Note 5) Operating (ON) -- ENABLE Threshold Voltage ENABLE Input Current 173 kHz -- 5 10 mA -- 80 250 uA 1.2 1.5 -- 10 100 Current Limit (Note 2)(Note 4) Output Leakage Current (Note 3) 150 V 100 -- 3.1 4.0 5.0 VOUT=0V -- 0.3 2 VOUT=-1V -- 7.5 30 2.2 1.4 -- VIL(VOUT=Normal Output Voltage) -- 1.2 1.0 IIH (ENABLE =5V) -- 12 30 IIH (ENABLE =0V) -- 0 10 VIH(VOUT=0V) nA % A mA V uA Note 1: External components such as the catch diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator system performance. Refer to Application information for details. Note 2: The oscillator frequency reduces to approximately 11KHz in the event of fault conditions, such as output short or overload. And the regulated output voltage will drop approximately 40% from the nominal output voltage. This self-protection feature lowers the average power dissipation by lowering the minimum duty cycle from 5% down to approximately 2%. Note 3: For these parameters, FB is removed from VOUT and connected to +12V to force the output transistor OFF. Note 4: VOUT pin sourcing current. No diode, inductor or capacitor connected to VOUT. Note 5: FB is removed from VOUT and connected to 0V. 4 Advanced Monolithic Systems http://www.ams-semitech.com AMS2596 be located close to the AMS2596 using short leads Application Information and short printed circuit traces as possible. It is required that VIN must be bypassed with at least a 100µF electrolytic capacitor for stability. Also, it is strongly recommended the capacitor’s leads must be dept short, and located near the regulator as possible. For low operating temperature range, for example, below -25℃, the input capacitor value may need to be larger. This is due to the reason that the To satisfy the need to fast switching speed and low forward voltage drop, Schottky diodes are widely used to provide the best efficiency, especially in low output voltage switching regulators (less than 5V). Beside, Fast-Recovery, high-efficiency, or ultra fast recovery diodes are also suitable. But some types with an abrupt turn-off characteristic may cause instability and EMI problems. A fast recovery diode with soft recovery characteristics is better choice. capacitance value of electrolytic capacitors decreases and the ESR increases with lower temperatures and ago. Paralleling a ceramic or solid tantalum capacitor will increase the regulator stability at cold temperatures. Output Capacitor An output capacitor is also required to filter the output voltage and is needed for loop stability. The capacitor should be located Inductor Selection The AMS2596 can be used for either continuous or discontinuous modes of operation. Each mode has distinctively different operating characteristics, which can affect the regulator performance and requirements. With relatively heavy load currents, the circuit operates in the continuous mode (inductor current always flowing). But under light Load conditions, the circuit will be force to the discontinuous mode (inductor current falls to zero for a period of time). For light loads (less than approximately 300mA) it may be desirable to operate the regulator in the discontinuous mode, primarily because of the lower inductor values required for the discontinuous mode. Indictors are available in different styles such as pot core, toroid, E-frame, bobbin core, et., as well as different core materials such as ferrites and powdered iron. The least expensive, the bobbin core type, consists of wire wrapped on a ferrite rod core. This type of construction makes for an inexpensive inductor, but since the magnetic flux is not completely contained within the core, it generates more electromagnetic interference (EMI). This EMI can cause problems in sensitive circuits, or can give incorrect scope readings because of induced voltage in the scope probe. An inductor should not be operated beyond its maximum rated current because it may saturate. When an inductor begins to saturate, the near the AMS2596 using short PC board traces. Low ESR types capacitors are recommended for low output ripple voltage and good stability. Generally, low value or low voltage (less than12V) electrolytic capacitors usually have higher ESR numbers, For example, the lower capacitor values (220µF - 1000µF) will yield typically 50mV to 150mV of output ripple voltage, while larger-value capacitors will reduce the ripple to approximately 20mV to 50mV. The amount of output ripple voltage is primarily a function of the ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) of the output capacitor and the amplitude of the inductor ripple current (△IIND) Output Ripple Voltage = ( △ IIND) x (ESR of COUT) Some capacitors called “high-frequency”, “low-inductance”, or “low-ESR” are recommended to use to further reduce the output ripple voltage to 10mV or 20mV. However, very low ESR capacitors, such as tantalum capacitors, should be carefully evaluated. Catch Diode This diode is required to return path for the inductor current when the switch is off. It should 5 Advanced Monolithic Systems http://www.ams-semitech.com AMS2596 lead length and PCB traces is always the first thought. Further more, an additional small LC filter (30µH & 100µF) (as shown in Figure 3) will possibly provide a 10X reduction in output ripple voltage and transients. inductance decreases rapidly and the inductor begins to look mainly resistive (the DC resistance of the winding). This will cause the switch current to rise very rapidly. Different inductor types have different saturation characteristics, and this should be well considered when selecting as inductor. Heatsink and Thermal Consideration Although the AMS2596 requires only a small Feedback Connection heatsink for most cases, the following thermal consideration is important for all operation. With the package thermal resistances Өja and Өjc , total power dissipation can be estimated as follows: For fixed output voltage version, the FB (feedback) pin must be connected to VOUT. For the adjustable version, it is important to place the output voltage ratio resistors near AMS2596 as possible in order to minimize the noise introduction. PD= (Vin x Iq) + (Vout / Vin) (Iout x Vsat); Enable Input When no heatsink is used, the junction temperature rise can be determined by the following: It is required that the ENABLE must not be left open. For normal operation, connect this pin to a ”LOW” voltage (typically, below 1.6V). On the other hand, for standby mode, connect this pin with a “HIGH” voltage. This pin can be safely pulled up to +VIN without a resistor in series with it. ∆TJ = PD x Өja With the ambient temperature, the actual junction temperature will be: Grounding Tj = ∆Tj + Ta To maintain output voltage stability, the power ground connections must be low-impedance. For the 5-lead TO-220 and TO-263 style package, both the tab and pin 3 are ground and rather connection may be used. If the actual operating junction temperature is out of the safe operating junction temperature (typically 125 ℃ ), then a heatsink is required. When using a heatsink, the junction temperature rise will be reduced by the following: Thermal Characteristics ∆Tj= PD x (Өjc + Ө interface + Ө heatsink ); The output ripple voltage is due mainly to the inductor sawtooth ripple current multiplied by the ESR of the output capacitor. The output ripple voltage of a switching power supply will contain a sawtooth ripple voltage at the switcher frequency, typically about 1% of the output voltages, and may also contain short voltage spokes of the sawtooth waveform. Due to the fast switching action, and the parasitic inductance of the output filter capacitor, there is voltage spikes presenting at the peaks of the sawtooth waveform. Cautions must be taken for stray capacitance. Wiring inductance, and even the scope probes used for transients evaluation. To minimize these voltage spikes, shortening the Advanced Monolithic Systems Also one can see from the above, it is important to choose an heatsink with adequate size and thermal resistance, such that to maintain the regulator’s junction temperature below the maximum operating temperature. 6 http://www.ams-semitech.com AMS2596 Application Circuit Vin 1 AMS2596 Fixed Voltage 3 Cin L1 Output 2 Vout 47µH 5 Enbale Gnd + 470µF 1N5824 Cout LOAD Unregulated DC Input + FeedBack 4 220µF Figure 1 Fixed Voltage version Vin 1 AMS2596 Adjustable Voltage 3 Cin L1 Output 2 Vout Vout 47µH 5 Enbale Gnd 470µF + 1N5824 Cout R2 LOAD Unregulated DC Input + FeedBack 4 220µF R1 Vout=1.23×(1+R2/R1) Figure 2: Adjustable Voltage Version Vin 1 AMS2596 Adjustable Voltage 3 Unregulated DC Input + Cin 2 FeedBack L1 Output Vout Vout Enbale + 1N5824 Cout Output R2 C1 220µF R1 Figure 3: LC filter for Low Output Ripple 7 Advanced Monolithic Systems L2 3µH 47µH 5 Gnd 470µF 4 http://www.ams-semitech.com 180µF AMS2596 Package Description TO-220-5L Mechanical Drawing TO-220 DIMENSION DIM MILLIMETERS INCHES MIN MAX MIN MAX A 10.00 10.50 0.394 0.413 B 3.240 4.440 0.128 0.175 C 2.440 2.940 0.096 0.116 D 0.260 1.020 0.010 0.040 E 1.570 1.830 0.062 0.072 F 13.31 14.13 0.524 0.556 G 4.475 5.225 0.176 0.206 H 1.170 1.370 0.046 0.054 I 27.60 29.44 1.087 1.159 J 2.175 2.925 0.086 0.115 K 0.297 0.477 0.012 0.019 L 8.280 8.800 0.326 0.346 M 6.010 6.510 0.237 0.256 N 14.29 15.31 0.563 0.603 TO-263-5L Mechanical Drawing TO-263 DIMENSION A MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 10.220 10.260 INCHES MIN MAX 0.402 0.404 B 14.600 15.870 0.575 0.625 C 0.750 0.770 0.030 0.030 D 1.573 1.827 0.062 0.072 E 4.560 4.570 0.179 0.180 F 1.240 1.270 0.049 0.050 G 2.280 2.790 0.090 0.110 H 0.280 0.320 0.011 0.013 I 8.240 8.280 0.324 0.326 J 1.540 1.800 0.060 0.071 DIM 8 Advanced Monolithic Systems http://www.ams-semitech.com AMS2596 Disclaimer: • AMS reserves the right to make changes to the information herein for the improvement of the design and performance without further notice! Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is complete and current. • All semiconductor products malfunction or fail with some probability under special conditions. When using AMS products in system design or complete machine manufacturing, it is the responsibility of the buyer to comply with the safety standards strictly and take essential measures to avoid situations in which a malfunction or failure of such AMS products could cause loss of body injury or damage to property. • AMS will supply the best possible product for customers! 9 Advanced Monolithic Systems http://www.ams-semitech.com