Technical S pecification NQ16W50SMA16 6.0-16.0V Input 0.75-5.0V Outputs 16 Amp Current Non Isolated SMT Sur face Mount Th e N iQo r ® S M T D C / D C c o n v e r t e r i s a n o n - i s o l a t e d b u c k re gu la tor, wh ich e mplo ys synchro no us recti ficat ion to ach i ev e ext rem ely h i gh c onv ers ion eff i ci enc y. T h e N iQor Non-Isolated fa m ily o f c on v e rt e rs are us ed p re d om i n at e ly i n D PA sys t em s usi ng a front end DC /DC high p ower br ick (48 Vin to low vo l ta ge bu s) . Th e n o n -i so la te d Ni Qo r c on v e rt e rs a re t h e n used a t t he poi n t of load t o crea t e t h e low v olt a ge out p ut s requ ired by t h e desi gn . T he wi de t ri m m odu le ca n b e pro gram m ed t o a v ari et y of ou t pu t v olt a ges t hr ough t he u se of a single external resistor. RoHS compliant (see page 12 ). NiQor surface mount module Operational Features • Ultra high efficiency, up to 94% at full rated load • Delivers up to 16 Amps of output current with minimal derating - no heatsink required • Input Voltage Range : 6.0 - 16.0V • Fast transient response time • On-board input and output filter capacitor • No minimum load requirement means no preload resistors required Mechanical Features • DOSA standard SMT pin-out configuration • Industry standard size: 1.3” x 0.53” x 0.29” (33 x 13.5 x 7.3 mm) • Total weight: 0.18 oz. (5 grams), lower mass greatly reduces vibration and shock problems • Open frame construction maximizes air flow cooling • Also available in SIP packaging Contr ol Features • On/Off control • Output voltage trim (industry standard) permits custom voltages and voltage margining • Remote Sense (standard option) Product # NQ16W50SMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Pr otection Features • Input under-voltage lockout disables converter at low input voltage conditions • Temperature compensated over-current shutdown protects converter from excessive load current or short circuits • Output over-voltage protection protects load from damaging voltages • Thermal shutdown protects converter from abnormal environmental conditions Safety Features • UL/cUL 60950-1 recognized (US & Canada) • TUV certified to EN60950-1 • Meets 72/23/EEC and 93/68/EEC directives which facilitates CE Marking in user’s end product • Board and plastic components meet UL94V-0 flammability requirements Doc.# 005-2NS12WE Rev. A 11/26/07 Page 1 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 6.0 - 16.0V 0.75 - 5.0V 16A SMT MECHANICAL DIAGRAM Surface Mount Package 0.288+.018 1.30 (7.32+0.45) (33.0) see Note 4 0.025 (0.64) 1 2 3 4 5 0.075 (1.91) 0.063 (1.60) 0.405 (10.29) Typ. 0.53 (13.5) 7 6 0.012+.007 0.297 (0.3+0.17) (7.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.487 0.048 (12.37) (1.22) 0.063 Bottomside Clearance (1.6) 0.677 Typ. (17.20) Side View 0.867 (22.02) 1.057 (26.85) 1.177 (29.90) Bottom View Recommended SMT Pad Size: Minimum: 0.074” x 0.122” (1.88mm x 3.1mm) Maximum: 0.095” x 0.140” (2.41mm x 3.56mm) NOTES SMT CONTACT DESIGNATIONS 1) SMT Contacts: Material - Brass Finish - Gold over Nickel plate 2) Undimensioned components are shown for visual reference only. 3) All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 4) Coplanarity for pins 1-7 is 0.004” max 5) Weight: 0.18 oz. (5 g) typical 6) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class II Pin No. Name Function 1 N/C No Connection 2 GND Ground 3 Vout(+) Positive output voltage 4 TRIM Output Voltage Trim 5 SENSE(+) Positive remote sense 6 Vin(+) Positive input voltage 7 ON/OFF Input to turn converter on/off Pins in Italics Shaded text are Optional Product # NQ16W50SMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS12WE Rev. A 11/26/07 Page 2 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 6.0 - 16.0V 0.75 - 5.0V 16A SMT ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - NQ16W50SMA16 Series TA=25°C, airflow rate=300 LFM, Vin=12Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40°C to +105°C ambient temperature with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice. Parameter ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage Non-Operating Operating Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Voltage at ON/OFF input pin RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Input Voltage Range Input Fuse Rating External Input Capacitance Output Voltage Output Current INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Input Under-Voltage Lockout Turn-On Voltage Threshold Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Lockout Hysteresis Maximum Input Current “ “ No-Load Input Current “ “ Disabled Input Current Inrush Current Transient Rating Input Filter Capacitor Value Input Reflected-Ripple Current “ “ OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point Output Voltage Range Operating Output Current Range Output Voltage Regulation Over Line Over Load Over Temperature Total Output Voltage Range Output Voltage Ripple and Noise (pk-pk\RMS) “ “ Output DC Over Current Shutdown External Output Capacitance DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Input Voltage Ripple Rejection Output Voltage during Current Transient For a Step Change in Output Current (0.1A/µs) For a Step Change in Output Current (3A/µs) Settling Time Turn on Transient Inhibit Time Rise Time Output Voltage Overshoot EFFICIENCY 100% Load “ “ 50% Load “ “ Product # NQ16W50SMA16 Module Min. All All All All All 0 All All All All All -40 -55 -3 6 100 0.75 0 All All All 0.75V 2.5V 5.0V 0.75V 2.5V 5.0V All All All 0.75V 2.5V 5.0V 5.35 4.50 0.75V All All 0.745 0.75 0 All All All All 1.0V 2.5V 5.0V All All Typ. Max. Units 18 16 105 125 15 V V °C °C V 16 20 V A µF V A 5.5 16 5.73 4.73 1 6.10 4.95 2.8 7.5 14.0 31 71 132 3 0.1 30 36 68 98 20 100 0.75 27\5.0 43\11.6 67\20.4 24 V V V A A A mA mA mA mA A 2s µF mA mA mA Notes & Conditions Continuous Continuous Fast blow external fuse recommended ESR<1.5W 6Vin, 100% load “ “ 12Vin “ “ With min. output capacitance 12Vin, 100% load, pk-pk value “ “ 0.755 5.0 16 V V A 0.5 0.5 1 3 % % % % mV mV mV A µF With sense pin “ “ With sense pin, over sample, line, load, temp. & life Full load; 20MHz bandwidth “ “ 28 5000 12Vin 50% load Set output by Rtrim-up >0.5mW All 50 dB 120Hz All All All 180 180 100 mV mV µs 50%-75%-50% Iout max; 100uF 50%-75%-50% Iout max; 470uF To within 1.5% Vout nom. ms ms V Resistive load “ “ All All All 0.75V 2.5V 5.0V 0.75V 2.5V 5.0V Phone 1-888-567-9596 2 2 4 6 0 77.0 90.0 94.0 81.0 91.5 94.0 www.synqor.com % % % % % % Doc.# 005-2NS12WE Rev. A 11/26/07 Page 3 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 6.0 - 16.0V 0.75 - 5.0V 16A SMT ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) - NQ16W50SMA16 Series Parameter Module TEMP LIMITS FOR POWER DERATING Semiconductor Junction Temperature Board Temperature FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency ON/OFF Control Open Logic (O) ON/OFF Control Off-State Voltage On-State Voltage Input Resistance Positive Logic (P) ON/OFF Control Logic Low Voltage Range Logic High Voltage Range (internal pullup) Pull-up Voltage Pull-up Resistance Output Voltage Trim Range Output Over-Voltage Protection Over-Temperature Shutdown Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS Calculated MTBF (Telcordia) Calculated MTBF (MIL-217) Field Demonstrated MTBF Min. Typ. All All All 275 All All All 1.5 -3.0 All All All All All All All All -0.2 2.2 300 Max. Units Notes & Conditions 125 125 °C °C Package rated to 150°C UL rated max operating temp 130°C 325 kHz Half on small duty cycle (e.g. 16Vin; 0.75Vout) 6.5 0.6 V V kW 1.0 Vin V V V kW V V °C °C See Figure A 20 Open collector/drain input; see Figure A 5 100 0.75 5.6 All All All 6.0 128 10 5.5 6.4 Measured Vout+ to common pins Over full temp range Average PCB Temperature 106 Hrs. TR-NWT-000332; 100% load, 200LFM, 40oC Ta 106 Hrs. MIL-HDBK-217F; 100% load, 200LFM, 40oC Ta 106 Hrs. See our website for details 15.6 10.0 STANDARDS COMPLIANCE Parameter P Notes STANDARDS COMPLIANCE UL/cUL 60950-1 EN60950-1 72/23/EEC 93/68/EEC Needle Flame Test (IEC 695-2-2) IEC 61000-4-2 GR-1089-CORE Telcordia (Bellcore) GR-513 File # E194341 Certified by TUV Test on entire assembly; board & plastic components UL94V-0 compliant ESD test, 8kV - NP, 15kV air - NP (Normal Performance) Section 7 - electrical safety, Section 9 - bonding/grounding • An external input fuse must always be used to meet these safety requirements. Contact SynQor for official safety certificates on new releases or download from the SynQor website. QUALIFICATION TESTING Parameter P QUALIFICATION TESTING Life Test Vibration Mechanical Shock Temperature Cycling Power/Thermal Cycling Design Marginality Humidity Solderability # Units 32 5 5 10 5 5 5 15 pins Test Conditions 95% rated Vin and load, units at derating point, 1000 hours 10-55Hz sweep, 0.060” total excursion,1 min./sweep, 120 sweeps for 3 axis 100g minimum, 2 drops in x and y axis, 1 drop in z axis -40°C to 100°C, unit temp. ramp 15°C/min., 500 cycles Toperating = min to max, Vin = min to max, full load, 100 cycles Tmin-10°C to Tmax+10°C, 5°C steps, Vin = min to max, 0-105% load 85°C, 85% RH, 1000 hours, continuous Vin applied except 5min./day MIL-STD-883, method 2003 • Extensive characterization testing of all SynQor products and manufacturing processes is performed to ensure that we supply robust, reliable product. Contact the factory for official product family qualification documents. OPTIONS PATENTS SynQor provides various options for Packaging, Enable Logic, and Feature Set for this family of DC/DC converters. Please consult the last page for information on available options. SynQor is protected under various patents. Please consult the last page for further details. Product # NQ16W50SMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS12WE Rev. A 11/26/07 Page 4 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 100 6.0 - 16.0V 0.75 - 5.0V 16A SMT 6 95 5 Power Dissipation (W) Efficiency (%) 90 85 80 75 70 5.0 Vout 2.5 Vout 0.75 Vout 65 4 3 2 5.0 Vout 2.5 Vout 1 0.75 Vout 60 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 Load Current (A) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Load Current (A) Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for nominal input voltage at 25°C. Figure 2: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current for nominal input voltage at 25°C. 18 16 14 Iout (A) 12 10 8 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 6 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 4 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 2 6 layers 2oz cu board Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1°C of surface temperature 0 0 25 40 55 70 85 Ambient Air Temperature (°C) Figure 3: Maximum output power derating curves for 0.75Vo, 1.2Vo, 1.5Vo units under various thermal conditions and nominal input voltage. See Thermal Considerations section for more details. Figure 4: Thermal plot of 0.75Vo, 1.2Vo converters at nominal Vin and 16 amp load current mounted on a 85°C, 6-Layer, 2 oz. copper board (typical installation). 18 16 14 Iout (A) 12 10 8 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 6 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 4 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 2 6 layers 2oz cu board Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1°C of surface temperature 0 0 25 40 55 70 85 Ambient Air Temperature (°C) Figure 5: Maximum output power derating curves for 1.8Vo, 2.5Vo units under various thermal conditions and nominal input voltage. See Thermal Considerations section for more details. Product # NQ16W50SMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Figure 6: Thermal plot of 1.8Vo, 2.5Vo converters at nominal Vin and 16 amp load current mounted on a 70°C, 6-Layer, 2 oz. copper board (typical installation). www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS12WE Rev. A 11/26/07 Page 5 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 6.0 - 16.0V 0.75 - 5.0V 16A SMT 18 16 14 Iout (A) 12 10 8 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 6 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 4 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 2 6 layers 2oz cu board Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1°C of surface temperature 0 0 25 40 55 70 85 Ambient Air Temperature (°C) Figure 7: Maximum output power derating curves for 3.3Vo, 5.0Vo units under various thermal conditions and nominal input voltage. See Thermal Considerations section for more details. Figure 8: Thermal plot of 3.3Vo, 5.0Vo converters at nominal Vin and 16 amp load current mounted on a 70°C, 6-Layer, 2 oz. copper board (typical installation). 5.0Vout 5.0Vout 3.3Vout 3.3Vout 1.8Vout 1.8Vout 0.75Vout 0.75Vout on/off on/off Figure 9: Turn-on transient at full load (resistive load) (2 ms/div). Ch 1: ON/OFF input (5V/div) Ch 2-4: Vout (1V/div) Figure 10: Turn-on transient at zero load (2 ms/div). Ch 1: ON/OFF input (5V/div) Ch 2-4: Vout (1V/div) 5.0Vout 5.0Vout 2.5Vout 2.5Vout 1.5Vout 1.5Vout Iout Iout Figure 11: Output voltage response for 1.5V, 2.5V, 5V units to step-change in load current (50-75-50% of Iout max; di/dt=0.1A/µ s). Load cap: 100µ F, 100mW ESR tant, 10µ F cer. Ch 1: Iout (10A/div), Ch 2-4: Vout (100mV/div). Product # NQ16W50SMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Figure 12: Output voltage response for 1.5V, 2.5V, 5V units to step-change in load current (50-75-50% of Iout max; di/dt=3A/µ s). Load cap: 470µ F, 100mW ESR tant, 10µ F cer. Ch 1: Iout (10A/div), Ch 2-4: Vout (100mV/div). www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS12WE Rev. A 11/26/07 Page 6 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 6.0 - 16.0V 0.75 - 5.0V 16A SMT See Fig. 14 1 µH source impedance 0.9Vout See Fig. 15 See Fig. 16 iS VIN 1.8Vout DC/DC Converter VOUT 3.3Vout VSOURCE 22 µF C* 100 µF ceramic 100mW ESR capacitor tantalum capacitor * See values for recommended external input capacitance. Inductor optional as needed. 5.0Vout Figure 13: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for Input Reflected Ripple Current (Figure 14), Input Terminal Ripple Voltage (Figure 15), and Output Voltage Ripple (Figure 16). Figure 14: Input Reflected Ripple Current, is, through a 1 µ H source inductor at nominal input voltage and rated load current (100 mA/div). See Figure 13. 0.9Vout 0.9Vout 1.8Vout 1.8Vout 3.3Vout 3.3Vout 5.0Vout Figure 15: Input Terminal Ripple Voltage at nominal input voltage and rated load current (200 mV/div). Load capacitance: 22µ F ceramic cap and 100µ F tantalum cap. Bandwidth: 20 MHz. See Figure 13. 5.0Vout Figure 16: Output Voltage Ripple at nominal input voltage and rated load current (50 mV/div). Load capacitance: 22µ F ceramic cap and 100µ F tantalum cap.. Bandwidth: 20 MHz. See Figure 13. 1 0 Forward Transmission (dB) Output Impedance (ohms) -10 0.1 0.01 0.001 5 Vout 2.5 Vout 1.5 Vout -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 5 Vout 2.5 Vout -80 1.5 Vout -90 0.0001 10 100 1,000 10,000 100 100,000 Figure 17: Magnitude of incremental output impedance (Zout = vout/iout) for nominal input voltage at full rated power with 100µ F tantalum output capacitor. Product # NQ16W50SMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 Hz Hz Figure 18: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission (FT = vout/vin) for nominal input voltage at full rated power with 100µ F tantalum output capacitor. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS12WE Rev. A 11/26/07 Page 7 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 6.0 - 16.0V 0.75 - 5.0V 16A SMT 100 5 10 Input Impedance (ohms) Reverse Transmission (dB) 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 5 Vout -35 0.1 0.01 5 Vout 2.5 Vout 0.001 2.5 Vout -40 1 1.5 Vout 1.5 Vout -45 0.0001 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10 Hz Phone 1-888-567-9596 1,000 10,000 100,000 Hz Figure 19: Magnitude of incremental reverse transmission (RT = iin/iout) for nominal input voltage at full rated power with 100µ F tantalum output capacitor. Product # NQ16W50SMA16 100 Figure 20: Magnitude of incremental input impedance (Zin = vin/iin) for nominal input voltage at full rated power with 100µ F tantalum output capacitor. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS12WE Rev. A 11/26/07 Page 8 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES For a desired increase of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be: The NiQor series non-isolated converter uses a buck-converter that keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. The NiQor modules employ synchronous rectification for very high efficiency. Rtrim-up = CONTROL FEATURES REMOTE ON/OFF: The ON/OFF input permits the user to control when the converter is on or off. There are currently two options available for the ON/OFF input described in the table below. Others may become available if demand exists. Option P Logic O Logic Pin-Open Float Voltage 5 0 Description Positive/Open Negative/Open Pin-Open Converter State On On Pin Action Pull Low = Off Pull High = Off OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM: The TRIM input permits the user to adjust the output voltage according to the trim range specifications by using an external resistor. If the TRIM feature is not being used, leave the TRIM pin disconnected. TRIM-UP: To increase the output voltage from the nominal setpoint of 0.7525V using an external resistor, connect the resistor Rtrim-up between the TRIM and the Ground pin according to the diagram below. On/Off Gnd VDES - 0.7525 _ 1000 (W) VOUT = 0.7525 + where 10500 Rtrim-up + 1000 (W) VDES = Desired Output Voltage To maintain the accuracy of the output voltage over load current, it is vital that any trim-up resistor be terminated directly to the converter's ground foot, not at the connection to the load. A separate Kelvin connection to the PCB pad for the ground foot is optimal. Trim-down resistors should be terminated at the converter's Sense+ pin. We do not recommend bypassing the trim pin directly to ground with a capacitor. The voltage gain from the trim pin to output is rather large, 15:1. Ground bounce through a bypass capacitor could introduce significant noise to the converter's control circuit. PROTECTION FEATURES Input Under-Voltage Lockout: The converter is designed to turn off when the input voltage is too low, helping avoid an input system instability problem, described in more detail in the application note titled “Input System Instability”. The lockout circuitry is a comparator with DC hysteresis. When the input voltage is rising, it must exceed the typical Turn-On Voltage Threshold value (listed on the specification page) before the converter will turn on. Once the converter is on, the input voltage must fall below the typical Turn-Off Voltage Threshold value before the converter will turn off. Output Current Limiting: To provide protection in an output over load fault condition, the unit is equipped with internal overcurrent protection. When the over-current protection is triggered, the unit enters hiccup mode. The units operate normally once the fault condition is removed. Vout Sense+ Vin 10500 or Dissipation throughout the converter is so low that it does not require a heatsink or metal baseplate for operation. The NiQor converter can thus be built more simply and reliably using high yield surface mount techniques on a single PCB substrate. The NiQor series of SIPs and SMT converters uses the established industry standard footprint and pin-out configurations. 6.0 - 16.0V 0.75 - 5.0V 16A SMT Trim Rtrim-up Internal Over-Voltage Protection: To fully protect from excessive output voltage, the NQ16 series contains an Output Over-Voltage Shutdown circuitry. This OVP is independent of the trimmed setpoint. As such, the converter's load is protected from faults in the external trim circuitry (such as a trim pin shorted to ground). Since the setpoint of this OVP does not track trim, it is set at 6.0V, in the wide-trim W50 model. Product # NQ16W50SMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS12WE Rev. A 11/26/07 Page 9 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification The shutdown point is fixed on standard option. SMA also offers adjustable OVP set point. For more detailed information contact SynQor technical support. Over-Temperature Shutdown: A temperature sensor on the converter senses the average temperature of the module. The thermal shutdown circuit is designed to turn the converter off when the temperature at the sensed location reaches the OverTemperature Shutdown value. It will allow the converter to turn on again when the temperature of the sensed location falls by the amount of the Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis value. APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS Input Filtering/Capacitance/Damping: The filter circuit of Figure E is often added to the converter's input to prevent switching noise from reaching the input voltage bus. 6.0 - 16.0V 0.75 - 5.0V 16A SMT put of the SMA16 series of converters. The VMA16 series has this capacitance included internally. In many applications, however, additional external output capacitance is required to reduce the response to load transients to an allowable level. The output impedance of these converters can be quite accurately modeled from DC to about 100kHz as shown in Figure F. A further simplified version of it, valid below 40Hz and above 1kHz, is shown in Figure G. In the Figure F: NQ16 Passive Output Model SMA16 case, the models depict the minimum recommended output capacitance, Ct with its resistance Rt. In the VMA16 family, that capacitor is again included in the converter. If the dynamic characteristics of the load are known, any standard simulator can use these models to predict the in-circuit transient response. Figure E: NQ16 converter with Input Filter In the SMA16 (surface mount) converters Cin = 30µF of high quality ceramic capacitors. With Lin of 1µH, Cd should be 100200µF and Rd should be 0.1-0.2W, in most applications. For more information on designing the input filter and choosing proper values, contact SynQor technical support. Adding significant external pure ceramic capacitance directly across the converter's input pins is not recommended. Parasitic inductance associated with the input pin geometry and PCB traces can create a high-Q CLC circuit with any external capacitors. Just a few nano-Henries of parasitic inductance can create a resonance (or an overtone) near the converter's switching frequency. Cin has a reactance of 10-20mW at the 300kHz switching frequency. To avoid this high-frequency resonance, any external input filter should exhibit a net source impedance of at least 20mW resistive through this frequency range. This requirement is easily met with the damping elements discussed above. Adding a small amount (a few µF) of high-frequency external ceramic will not violate it. If using converters at higher powers, consider the ripple current rating of Cd. Contact SynQor technical support for details. Figure G: Simplified NQ16 Output Model Figure H: Converter with Additional Output Capacitance For minimal overshoot upon recovery, Cd should be related to the minimum in-circuit net ESR. parallel (L1, L2) Cd > ESRdmin2 For more detailed derivations of these values contact SynQor technical support. Output Capacitance: It is recommended to add at least 100µF of capacitance, with an ESR in the 0.1W range, to the outProduct # NQ16W50SMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS12WE Rev. A 11/26/07 Page 10 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification Thermal Performance (SMA16): While impossible to be exact, a simplified thermal model for the mounted converter is detailed below. Figure I: Thermal Model for NQ16 Surface Mount • Rt_J-Pcb models the conduction of heat from the converter's hottest junction to the converter's PCB at large. It is about 3oC/W for converters running at higher output voltage, and about 4oC/W for lower voltage converters. • Rt_Pcb-Amb models the power dissipation from converter PCB to the air stream. It ranges from about 15oC/W at 400LFM to about 25oC/W 100LFM. • Rt_Pcb-Feet expresses the thermal path from the converter's PCB though its mounting feet; it is about 3oC/W. 6.0 - 16.0V 0.75 - 5.0V 16A SMT SURFACE MOUNT INFORMATION PCB Layout Considerations: SynQor recommends that the customer use a non-solder mask defined pad design. The minimum recommended pad size is 0.074" x 0.122" (1.88mm x 3.1mm) and the maximum pad size is 0.095" x 0.140" (2.41mm x 3.56mm), see the mechanical diagram on page 2. Interconnection to internal power planes is typically required. This can be accomplished by placing a number of vias between the SMT pad and the relevant plane. The number and location of the vias should be determined based on electrical resistance, current and thermal requirements. "Via-in-pad" design should be avoided in the SMT pads. Solder mask should be used to eliminate solder wicking into the vias. Pick and Place: The NiQor surface mount modules are designed for automated assembly using standard SMT pick and place equipment. The modules have a centrally located inductor component with a flat surface area to be used for component pick-up. The units use open frame construction and have a low mass that is within the capability of standard pick and place equipment. Those modules however have a larger mass than most conventional SMT components and so variables such as nozzle size, tip style, handling speed, and placement pressure should be optimized for best results. A conformal tipped placement nozzle design is recommended. Coplanarity of better than 0.004" (0.1mm) is achieved through the SMT NiQor's terminal design. • Rt_spread models the heat spreading on the PCB to which the converter is mounted and is largely dependent upon the construction and layout of that PCB. • T_mount is the temperature of that PCB in the greater vicinity of the converter. As is evident, the values for Rt_spread and T_mount will have great effect upon the thermal operation of the converter. With Rt_Pcb-Amb being 5 to 8 times as large as Rt_Pcb-Feet, in most applications these converters will be predominantly cooled via thermal conduction through their feet. Airflow and T_Amb will have only a minimal cooling effect. • Rt_spread should be minimized. Attach the converter to large copper planes, on multiple layers, with multiple vias near the mounting feet. • T_mount should also be minimized. Place the converter far enough away from other sources of heat on the PCB so that it is as cool as practical. • If operation near derating limits is even suspected, thermal performance should be verified with the unit mounted in its intended manner and powered in circuit with all neighboring circuitry active. Attach a thermocouple to the converter's hotspot as shown in Figures 4, 6, and 8 in the Performance Curves section. Product # NQ16W50SMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS12WE Rev. A 11/26/07 Page 11 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 6.0 - 16.0V 0.75 - 5.0V 16A SMT Reflow Soldering Guidelines: Figure J Maximum Temperature (+210-260 C) shows a typical reflow profile for a eutectic solder process. Due to variations in customer applications, materials and processes, it is not Eutectic Solder Melting Point (+183 C) feasible for SynQor to recommend a specific reflow profile. The customer should use this profile as a guideline only. Since the NiQor sur(+150-155 C) face mount modules have a larger thermal mass and lower thermal resistance than standard Pre-heat Reflow Cool Down Soak SMT components, it may be necessary to optimize the solder reflow profile based on limita• 0.5-0.6 C/sec • 1.3-1.6 C/sec tions of the other components on the customer • 60 to 90 sec., • 30 to 60 sec., typ., • < 2.5 C/sec typ., 2 min max 90 sec max board. Sufficient reflow time must be allowed to fuse the plating on the connection to ensure a reliable solder joint. The solder reflow profile 2 to 4 min. should be confirmed by accurately measuring the SMT interconnect leads. Maximum case temperature of 260°C (exposure for 5 seconds Figure J: Typical Eutectic (96.5Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu) Solder Profile or less) is not exceeded for the NiQor units. RoHS Compliance: The EU led RoHS (Restriction of Moisture Sensitivity: The NiQor surface mount modules have Hazardous Substances) Directive bans the use of Lead, an MSL rating 1 per IPC/JEDEC J-STD-033A. Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Mercury, Polybrominated Cleaning and Drying: When possible, a no-clean solder Biphenyls (PBB), and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) in paste system should be used to solder the NiQor SMT units to Electrical and Electronic Equipment. This SynQor product is 6/6 their application board. The modules are suitable for aqueous RoHS compliant. For more information please refer to SynQor’s washing, however, the user must ensure sufficient drying to RoHS addendum available at our RoHS Compliance / Lead Free remove all water from the converter before powering up. Initiative web page or e-mail us at [email protected]. Inadequate cleaning and drying can affect the reliability of the converter and the testing of the final assembly. o o o o o o Product # NQ16W50SMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS12WE Rev. A 11/26/07 Page 12 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 6.0 - 16.0V 0.75 - 5.0V 16A SMT PART NUMBERING SYSTEM ORDERING INFORMATION The part numbering system for SynQor’s NiQor DC/DC converters follows the format shown in the example below. The tables below show the valid model numbers and ordering options for converters in this product family. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete 15 character part number consisting of the 12 character base part number and the additional 3 characters for options. A “-G” suffix indicates the product is 6/6 RoHS compliant. NQ 16 W50 S M A 16 P S S - G 6/6 RoHS Options (see Ordering Information) Output Current Thermal Design Model Number Input Voltage NQ16W50SMA16xyz -G 6.0 - 16.0 V Output Max Output Voltage Current 0.75-5.0 V 16 A Performance Level The following option choices must be included in place of the x y z spaces in the model numbers listed above. Package Size Output Voltage Input Voltage Options Description: x y z Product Family Enable Logic The first 12 characters comprise the base part number and the last 3 characters indicate available options. A “-G” suffix indicates the product is 6/6 RoHS compliant. Pin Style P - Pos./Open S - Standard O - Neg./Open Feature Set S - Sense N - None Application Notes A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from our website. PATENTS (additional patent applications may be filed) SynQor holds the following patents, one or more of which might apply to this product: 5,999,417 6,594,159 6,927,987 6,222,742 6,731,520 7,050,309 6,545,890 6,894,468 7,072,190 6,577,109 6,896,526 7,085,146 Contact SynQor for further information: Phone: Toll Free: Fax: E-mail: Web: Address: Product # NQ16W50SMA16 978-849-0600 888-567-9596 978-849-0602 [email protected] www.synqor.com 155 Swanson Road Boxborough, MA 01719 USA Phone 1-888-567-9596 Warranty SynQor offers a three (3) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our website or is available upon request from SynQor. Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SynQor. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS12WE Rev. A 11/26/07 Page 13